Signs of Great White Shark, Carcharodon Carcharias

Home , Angelshark, Bignose shark, Blackmouth catshark, Blacktip reef shark, Bluntnose sixgill shark, Bramble shark

Signs of Great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias interacting with fishing gear © Nicolò Tonachella Signs of Great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias interacting with fishing gear © Nicolò Tonachella IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Chondrichtyans (sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras)

Fabrizio Serena1, Monica Barone1, Maria del Mar Otero2.

1 IUCN Shark Specialist Group 2 IUCN Center for Mediterranean Cooperation

The Mediterranean hosts a rich chondrichthyans diversity, at least 48 species of sharks, 38 of rays and two of chimaeras, even if some of them have to be confirmed. Some of these species which are not considered rare or endangered, have a commercial value and are sold at fish market. Due to their reproductive strategy and the overall overexploitation of the stocks, many species have become rare or are in unfavorable conservation status. The most significant species to be found on bycatch are presented below, including the rare species and those whose identification is still questionable.

Source materials and references

Texts are modified from the catalogues of FAO and the Catalogue of fish of the Californian Academy (www.FAO.org; www.catalogfish.org). Distribution information and conservation status are taken from the IUCN Red List on the basis general bibliographic literature and monitoring program such as Data Collection Framework of the EU, MEDLEM, etc.

Illustrations Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Original Scientific Illustra- tions Archive. Reproduced with permission

Serena, F. 2005. Field identification guide to the sharks and rays of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome, FAO. 97p. 11 colour plates + egg cases.

FAO, 2018. Species Photographic Plates. Mediterranean Sharks, by Monica Barone, Fabrizio Serena and Mark Dimech. Rome, Italy.

FAO, 2018. Species Photographic Plates. Mediterranean skates, rays and chimaeras, by Monica Barone, Fabrizio Serena and Mark Dimech. Rome, Italy.

Dulvy, N.K., Allen, D.J., Ralph, G.M. and Walls, R.H.L. (2016). The conservation status of Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras in the Mediterranean Sea [Brochure]. IUCN, Malaga, Spain

Acknowledgements

Many colleagues have collaborated in order to provide the necessary images, for each of them the credit is guaranteed.

We would like also to thank Mohamed N. Bradai for its suggestions during the preparation of this chapter.

62 How to read the contents of the factsheet at the beginning in each page:

Two images in each specific sheet have been attached, the first is the FAO technical drawing where the most important features are indicated, the second one is a picture of the fish after its capture. The shorthand ASFIS code for each species are also provided to allow a quicker classification and take notes faster on the bycatch note sheets (e.g. Hexanchus griseus – SBL).

The sheet also includes the essential characteristics of the species such as the maximum Size reached, a synthetic Description of the morphology of the species with the addition of synthetic information RAYS SHARKS related to the reproductive strategy, i.e. if the species is viviparous or oviparous; number of litters CHIMAERAS produced and the size of the young at birth. It has not always been possible to define the features mentioned utilizing Mediterranean information only. In this sense, in the absence of information, the Atlantic reference or global was used.

Habitat paragraph provides information on the environment in which the species lives, as well as the maximum depth at which it was observed. The Distribution suggests the places where the species lives with particular reference to the Mediterranean, as well as the Black Sea. Lastly, considering the difficulties to identify some species living in the Mediterranean a small paragraph concerning Remarks has been added at the end of the descriptions of the species

Symbols

These symbols mean that the species have to be released alive. The species cannot be retained on board, transshipped, landed, transferred, stored, sold or displayed or offered for sale.

This symbol refers to the species that are very rare or the species whose presence in Mediterranean is considered questionable by the authors, thus their presence need to be confirmed in the region. It is extremely important to look carefully at these species, and taking photographic and genetic samples.

63 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

CHECKLIST (By Order and Family)

Sharks

ORDER HEXANCHIFORMES

FAMILY HEXANCHIDAE (COW SHARKS) ...... 74

Heptranchias perlo – Sharpnose seven-gill shark ...... 74

Hexanchus griseus – Bluntnose sixgill shark ...... 75

Hexanchus nakamurai – Bigeye sixgill shark ...... 76

ORDER LAMNIFORMES

FAMILY ODONTASPIDIDAE (SAND TIGER SHARKS) ...... 77

Carcharias taurus – Sandtiger shark ...... 77

Odontaspis ferox – Smalltooth sandtiger shark ...... 78

FAMILY LAMNIDAE (MACKEREL SHARKS) ...... 79

Carcharodon carcharias – Great white shark ...... 79

Isurus oxyrinchus – Shortfin mako ...... 80

Isurus paucus – Longfin mako...... 81

Lamna nasus – Porbeagle ...... 82

FAMILY CETORHINIDAE (BASKING SHARKS) ...... 83

Cetorhinus maximus – Basking shark ...... 83

FAMILY ALOPIIDAE (THRESHER SHARKS) ...... 84

Alopias superciliosus – Bigeye thresher shark ...... 84

Alopias vulpinus – Thresher shark ...... 85

ORDER CARCHARHINIFORMES

FAMILY PENTANCHIDAE (CAT SHARKS) ...... 86

Galeus atlanticus – Atlantic sawtail catshark ...... 86

Galeus melastomus – Blackmouth catshark ...... 87

FAMILY SCYLIORHINIDAE (CAT SHARKS) ...... 88

Scyliorhinus canicula – Small spotted catshark ...... 88

Scyliorhinus stellaris – Nursehound ...... 89

FAMILY TRIAKIDAE (HOUNDSHARKS) ...... 90

Galeorhinus galeus – Tope shark ...... 90

Mustelus asterias – Starry smooth-hound ...... 91

Mustelus mustelus – Smooth hound ...... 92

Mustelus punctulatus – Blackspotted smooth-hound ...... 93

64 FAMILY CARCHARHINIDAE (REQUIEM SHARKS) ...... 94

Carcharhinus altimus – Bignose shark ...... 94

Carcharhinus brachyurus – Copper shark ...... 95

Carcharhinus brevipinna – Spinner shark ...... 96

Carcharhinus falciformis – Silly shark ...... 97

Carcharhinus limbatus – Blacktip shark ...... 98

Carcharhinus melanopterus – Blacktip reef shark ...... 99

Carcharhinus obscurus – Dusky shark ...... 100

Carcharhinus plumbeus – Sandbar shark ...... 101

Galeocerdo cuvier – Tiger shark ...... 102

Prionace glauca – Blue shark ...... 103

Rhizoprionodon acutus – Milk shark ...... 104

FAMILY SPHYRNIDAE (HAMMERHEAD SHARKS) ...... 105 RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS Sphyrna lewini – Scalloped hammerhead ...... 105

Sphyrna mokarran – Great hammerhead ...... 106

Sphyrna tudes – Smaleye hammerhead ...... 107

Sphyrna zygaena – Smooth hammerhead ...... 108

ORDER SQUALIFORMES

FAMILY DALATIIDAE (KITEFIN SHARKS) ...... 109

Dalatias licha – Kitefin shark...... 109

FAMILY ETMOPTERIDAE (LANTERN SHARKS) ...... 110

Etmopterus spinax – Velvet belly ...... 110

FAMILY SOMNIOSIDAE (SLEEPER SHARKS) ...... 111

Centroscymnus coelolepis – Portuguese dogfish...... 111

Somniosus rostratus – Little sleeper shark ...... 112

FAMILY OXYNOTIDAE (ROUGH SHARKS) ...... 113

Oxynotus centrina – Angular rough shark ...... 113

FAMILY CENTROPHORIDAE (GULPER SHARKS) ...... 114

Centrophorus cf granulosus – Gulper shark ...... 114

FAMILY SQUALIDAE, (DOGFISH SHARKS) ...... 115

Squalus acanthias – Picked dogfish...... 115

Squalus blainville – Longnose spurdog ...... 116

Squalus megalops – Shortnose spurdog ...... 117

FAMILY ECHINORHINIDAE (BRAMBLE SHARKS) ...... 118

Echinorhinus brucus – Bramble shark ...... 118

65 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

ORDER SQUATINIFORMES

FAMILY SQUATINIDAE (ANGEL SHARKS) ...... 119

Squatina aculeata – Sawback angelshark ...... 119

Squatina oculata – Smoothback angelshark ...... 120

Squatina squatina – Angelshark ...... 121

Rays

ORDER TORPEDINIFORMES

FAMILY TORPEDINIDAE (ELECTRIC RAYS TORPEDO RAYS) ...... 124

Tetronarce nobiliana – Elettric ray ...... 124

Torpedo marmorata – Marbled elettric ray ...... 125

Torpedo sinuspersici – Variable torpedo ray ...... 126

Torpedo torpedo – Common torpedo ...... 127

ORDER RHINOPRISTIFORMES

FAMILY GLAUCOSTEGIDAE LAST, (GIANT GUITARFISHES) ...... 128

Glaucostegus cemiculus – Blackchin guitarfish...... 128

Glaucostegus halavi – Halavi ray ...... 129

FAMILY RHINOBATIDAE (GUITARFISHES) ...... 130

Rhinobatos rhinobatos – Common guitarfish ...... 130

FAMILY PRISTIDAE (SAWFISHES) ...... 131

Pristis pectinata – Smalltooth sawfish ...... 131

Pristis pristis – Common sawfish...... 132

ORDER RAJIFORMES

FAMILY RAJIDAE (SKATES) ...... 133

Dipturus cf batis – Blue skate ...... 133

Dipturus nidarosiensis – Norwegian skate ...... 134

Dipturus oxyrinchus – Longnose skate ...... 135

Leucoraja circularis – Sandy ray ...... 136

Leucoraja fullonica – Shagreen skate ...... 137

Leucoraja melitensis – Maltese ray ...... 138

Leucoraya naevus – Cuckoo ray ...... 139

Raja asterias – Mediterranean starry ray ...... 140

Raja brachyura – Blonde skate ...... 141

66 Raja clavata – Thornback ray ...... 142

Raja miraletus – Brown ray ...... 143

Raja montagui – Spotted ray ...... 144

Raja polystigma – Speckled ray ...... 145

Raja radula – Rough ray ...... 146

Raja undulata – Undulate ray ...... 147

Rostroraja alba – White skate ...... 148

ORDER MYLIOBATIFORMES

FAMILY DASYATIDAE (STINGRAYS) ...... 149

Bathytoshia centroura – Roughtail stingray ...... 149

Dasyatis marmorata – Marble stingray ...... 150

Dasyatis pastinaca – Common stingray ...... 151 RAYS SHARKS

Dasyatis tortonesei – Tortonese’s stingray ...... 152 CHIMAERAS

Himantura leoparda – Honeycomb stingray ...... 153

Himantura uarnak – Honeycomb stingray ...... 154

Pteroplatytrygon violacea – Pelagic stingray ...... 155

Taeniurops grabatus – Round stingray ...... 156

FAMILY GYMNURIDAE (BUTTERFLY RAYS) ...... 157

Gymnura altavela – Spiny butterfly ray ...... 157

FAMILY MYLIOBATIDAE (EAGLE RAYS) ...... 158

Myliobatis aquila – Common eagle ray ...... 158

FAMILY AETOBATIDAE (PELAGIC EAGLE RAYS) ...... 159

Aetomylaeus bovinus – Bull ray ...... 159

FAMILY RHINOPTERIDAE (COWNOSE RAYS) ...... 160

Rhinoptera marginata – Lusitanian cownose ray ...... 160

FAMILY MOBULIDAE (DEVIL RAYS) ...... 161

Mobula mobular – Devil fish...... 161

Chimaeras

ORDER CHIMAERIFORMES

FAMILY CHIMAERIDAE (SHORTNOSE CHIMAERAS OR RATFISHES) ...... 164

Chimaera monstrosa – Rabbit fish...... 164

Hydrolagus mirabilis – Large-eyed rabbitfish...... 165

67 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Sharks, rays and chimaeras of the Mediterranean and Black seas

Sharks ORDERS

Anal fin absent Dorsal fin spines present

Body Body not flattened flattened

Mouth terminal pectoral fins separated from head

SQUATINIFORMES SQUALIFORMES

Squatinidae Dalatiidae Etmopteridae Somniosidae Oxynotidae Centrophoridae Squalidae Echinorhinidae

68 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of the Mediterranean and Black seas

Anal fin present Dorsal fin spines absent

5 gill slits 6 o 7 gill slits RAYS

2 dorsal fins 1 dorsal fin SHARKS CHIMAERAS

Nictitating No nictitating membranes present membranes

CARCHARHINIFORMES LAMNIFORMES HEXANCHIFORMES

Pentanchidae Odontaspididae Hexanchidae Scyliorhinidae Lamnidae Triakidae Cetorhinidae Carcharhinidae Alopiidae Sphyrnidae

69 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Sharks

HEXANIFORMES Hexanchidae 6 or 7 gill slits, 1 dorsal fin

LAMNIFORMES Odontaspididae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, AlopiIdae 5 gill slits, 2 dorsal fins, no nictitating/blinking eyelid

70 CARCHARHINIFORMES Pentanchidae, Scyliorhinidae, Triakidae, Carcharhinidae, Sphyrnidae 5 gill slits, 2 dorsal fins without spines. Nictitating eyelid

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS SQUALIFORMES Dalatiidae, Etmopteridae, Somniosidae, Oxynotidae, Centrophoridae, Squalidae, Echinorhinidae 5 gill slits, no anal fin, 2 dorsal fins with spines: Body not ray-like

SQUATINIFORMES Squatinidae

Body flattened, ray-like mouth, pectoral fins not attached to head

71 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Rays

TORPEDINIFORMES Torpedinidae Tail thick with fins, fleshy body, smooth skin.

RHINOPRISTIFORMES Rhinobatidae, Glaucostegidae, Pristidae Snout greatly elongated, wedge-shaped.

RAJIFORMES Rajidae Tail thick with fins hard body, denticles (small tooth-like projections) sometimes present

72 MYLIOBATIFORMES Dasyatidae, Gymnuridae, Aetobatidae, Myliobatidae, Rhinopteridae, Mobulidae Tail thin with stinger, head protrude from disc or not, cephalic fins absent or present

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

Chimaeras

CHIMAERIFORMES Chimaeridae Unique gill opening on each side of head; naked skin; first dorsal fins long spine; elongate tapering tail

73 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Sharks

Only one dorsal fin

White belly 7 gill slits

HEXANCHIDAE Heptranchias perlo, Sharpnose seven-gill shark – HXT Latin name Common english name Arabic name كلب أبو سبعة Heptranchias perlo SharpnoseEN sevenSharpnose-gill shark SP Cañabota FR Requin perlon AR seven-gill shark bocadulce NT DD كلب أبو ستة )الدودة( Hexanchus griseus Bluntnose six-gill shark Hexanchus nakamurai Bigeyed sixSPA/BD-gill sharkPROTOCOL: Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: NA GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med ال ِقرش ال َثور )كلب بحر( Carcharias taurus Sandtiger shark نمر رملي )كلب بحر( Odontaspis ferox Smalltooth Sandtiger shark Size: up to 140 cm in total length (TL). قرش ٔابيض كبير )قرش أبيض كبير( Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark slits. Body fusiform زرقاياseven( gill زرقايا( ;Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin makoDescription: Species with a narrow-headed and relatively big-eyed Isurus paucus Longfin makoand slender; dorsal fin small, originating over inner margins of pelvic fins; anal fin small. Teeth wide, dark blotches طوبةLamna nasus Porbeaglelow and comb-shaped. Brownish grey above, paler below, sometimes with indistinct fin margins. Live كوسج ر ّحlightا لة Cetorhinus maximus Basking sharkon body; juveniles with dark-tipped dorsal and caudal fins, adults with .cm in TL at birth 26 ثعلب كبيرabout العين ;Alopias superciliosus Bigeye thresherspecimens with fluorescent green eyes. Viviparous, about 9-20 litters ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinus Thresher shark Galeus atlanticus Atlantic sawtailHabitat catshark: benthic species (30-400 m, occasionally to 1000 m), frequently near edge of shelf, قط أسود الفم .Galeus melastomus Blackmouthin temperate catshark and warmer waters ِقط,the Mediterranean صغيرalso in مبرقش It is (found كاتارلي / .Biscay نمر(Scyliorhinus canicula Small-spottedDistribution catshark: Atlantic coast also beyond Bay of حرتوكة )كاتارلي / .Sea نمر( Scyliorhinus stellaris Nursehoundwith the exception of North Adriatic and Black ﱢمُتسولة )قطاط( Galeorhinus galeus Tope shark Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean. كلب نجمي )قطاط( Mustelus asterias Starry smooth-hound shark كلب ناعم )قطاط( Mustelus mustelus Smooth-hound كلب ُم َن َّقط )قطاط( Mustelus punctulatus Blackspotted smooth-hound Carcharhinus altimus Bignose shark ِقرش ُنحاسي Carcharhinus brachyurus Copper shark ِقرش لولبي )وشة / بومنقار( Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner shark قرش حريري )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus falciformis Silky shark ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktip shark

74 Origin of the dorsal fin over the free rear tip of the ventral fin

6 gill slits

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

HEXANCHIDAE Latin name CommonHexanchus english name griseus, Bluntnose six-gill shark Arabic – name SBL كلب أبو سبعة Heptranchias perlo Sharpnose seven-gill shark كلب أبو ستة )الدودة( Hexanchus griseus BluntnoseEN Bluntnose six -gill sharkSP Cañabota gris FR Requin griset AR six-gill shark NT LC Hexanchus nakamurai Bigeyed six-gill shark Global Med ال ِقرش ال َثور )listedكلب Not بحر( :Carcharias taurus SandtigerSPA/BD PROTOCOL: shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: NA GFCM نمر رملي )كلب بحر( Odontaspis ferox Smalltooth Sandtiger shark قرش ٔابيض كبير )قرش أبيض كبير( Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark Size: up to 500 cm in total length (TL) زرقايا )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako Isurus paucus LongfinDescription: mako snout rounded, heavy body and fusiform, broad headed with six gill slits. Mouth fin طوبةLamna nasus Porbeagleventral with 6 rows of lower, bladelike, comb-shaped teeth on each side. Only one dorsal side. Fins with كوسج ر ّحalongا لة Cetorhinus maximus Baskingbigger then shark the anal one. Brown or grey above, clear below, with a light stripe maybe ثعلب,litters كبير 50-20 العين Alopias superciliosus Bigeyewhite edges. thresher Live specimens with fluorescent green eyes. Viviparous, about ثعلب أبو ذنب .Alopias vulpinus Threshereven 100 sharkembryos; 60-70 cm in TL at birth Galeus atlanticus Atlantic sawtail catshark Habitat: usually in deep waters (100-2500 m) close to bottom, rising to surface at night, but also قط أسود الفم Galeus melastomus Blackmouth catshark epipelagic; rarely in shallow waters. ِقط صغير مبرقش )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus canicula Small-spotted catshark ;the Mauritania حرتوكة southward to )كاتارلي ,and /Iceland نمر( Scyliorhinus stellaris NursehoundDistribution : Atlantic coasts northward to the Norway reported closeﱢمُتسو لة Adriatic.( It is also قطاط( Galeorhinus galeus TopeIt is common shark in the Mediterranean, although absent in the North كلب نجمي )قطاط( .Mustelus asterias Starryto the smoothBosphorus-hound Channel shark but no in the Black Sea كلب ناعم )قطاط( Mustelus mustelus Smooth-hound كلب ُم َن َّقط )قطاط( Mustelus punctulatus Blackspotted smooth-hound Carcharhinus altimus Bignose shark ِقرش ُنحاسي Carcharhinus brachyurus Copper shark ِقرش لولبي )وشة / بومنقار( Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner shark قرش حريري )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus falciformis Silky shark ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktip shark

75 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Origin of the dorsal fin over the ventral fin base

Dorsal fin origin well forward 6 gill slits the origin of the anal fin

HEXANCHIDAE Hexanchus nakamurai, Bigeyed six-gill shark – HXN

EN Bigeyed SP Cañabota ojigrande FR Requin-vache AR NA six-gill shark DD DD

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: NA GFCM: Not listed Global Med

Size: up to 180 cm in total length (TL)

Description: narrower head, relatively larger eyes of the congener (H. griseus). Five large lower comb-shaped anterolateral teeth. Body uniformly pale brown on the back, without a light line along the lateral side of the trunk. Ventral surface is light brown. Viviparous, up to 26 embryos about 40-45 cm in TL at birth.

Habitat: mesopelagic and/or benthic in deep waters (from 90 to 600 m), probable excursions to the surface.

Distribution: Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean area, Southern Atlantic, South-Western Indian Ocean and Taiwan. Very rare in the Mediterranean.

76 First dorsal fin is placed back First and second dorsal and on body, closer to pelvic anal fins nearly equal in size fins than to pectoral fins

Teeth with long and narrow Keel on caudal primary cusps peduncle absent

Snout flattened Enlarged upper lobe

a b

a > b

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

LatinLatin name name CommonCommon english english name name Arabic Arabic name name ODONTASPIDIDAE كلب أبوكلب أبو سبعة سبعة HepHtreapntrcahniacsh ipaesr lpoe rlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven seven-gill- gillshark shark كلب أبوكلب أبوستة )ستة )الدودة ( الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus CarchariasBluntnoseBluntnose six- sixgill - gillsharktaurus, shark Sandtiger shark – CCT HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai BigeyedBigeyed six- sixgill- gillshark shark ال ِقر ال ِقش رال َثشو ارل َث و ر ) )كلب كلببحر ( بحر(CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus ENSandtigerSandtigerSandtiger shark shark SP Toro bacota FR Requin-taureau AR VU CR نمر نمر رملي رملي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark Global Med قرش ٔابيقرش ٔابضي ض كبير )كبير )قرش أبGFCM/42/2018/2ي قرش أبضي :GFCMض كبير ( كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias SPA/BDGreatGreat PROTOCOL:white white shark sharkAnnex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed زرقايا زرقايا ) )زرقايا( زرقايا( IsurusIsurus oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ShortfinShortfin mako mako IsurusIsurus paucus paucus LongfinLongfin mako mako Size: up to 320 cm in total length (TL) طوبة طوبة LamnaLamna nasus nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle fins; st1 كوسج analر ّحكوسجا لرةand ّ ح الة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus Description:BaskingBasking shark short,shark pointed snout, prominent spike-like teeth. Equal sized dorsal notch ثعلب ثعلب كبير كبيرsubterminal العين العين AlopiasAlopias superciliosus superciliosus dorsalBigeyeBigeye fin thresher closer thresher to pelvic than to pectoral fins. Caudal fin with a pronounced appear ثعلب thatأبوثعلب أبوذنب spots ذنب AlopiasAlopias vulpinus vulpinus andThresher aThresher short sharkventral shark lobe. Dorsal side pale brown or grey, paler below, with dark GaleusGaleus atlanticus atlanticus fadedAtlanticAtlantic in adults. sawtail sawtail Viviparous, catshark catshark usually with two young, sometimes only one; 95-105 cm in TL at birth. قط قط أسود الفمأسود الفم GaleusGaleus melastomus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark Habitat: coastal species, living mostly on or close to bottom. From the surface to 200 m of depth, ِقط ِقط صغير صغير مبرقش مبرقش ) )كاتارلي / كاتارلي / نمر ( نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula SmallSmall-spotted-spotted catshark catshark mainly less than 70 m. حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / )كاتارلي / نمر( نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehound Pacificﱢمُتسو لة ﱢمُتسو لة Indian( ( and Westernقطاط ( قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus DistributionTopeTope shark shark: Atlantic, from Gulf of Guinea to the Canaries; Western كلب كلب نجمي نجمي .Sea )قطاط( )قطاط(MustelusMustelus asterias asterias oceans.StarryStarry Allsmooth aroundsmooth-hound the-hound Mediterranean shark shark and excluded from the Black كلب كلب ناعم ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus SmoothSmooth-hound-hound كلب ُم َن َّقكلب ط ُم َن َّق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth smooth-hound-hound CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus BignoseBignose shark shark ِقر ِقش رُنحاش ُسنحيا سي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus CopperCopper shark shark ِقر ِقش رش لولبي لولبي ) )وشة / وشة / بومنقار( بومنقار( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna SpinnerSpinner shark shark قرش قرش حريري حريري ) )كلب كلببحر ( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis SilkySilky shark shark ِقر ِقش ر ُم ٙكشّٙ ح ُملٙك ٙ ّح ل )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus BlacktipBlacktip shark shark

77 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Keel on caudal peduncle absent

Conical to slightly flattened snout

a b

a < b

LatinLatin name name CommonCommon english english name name Arabic Arabic name name كلب كلبأبو أبو سبعة سبعة HeHpetrpatnrachnicahsi apse prleor lo SharpnoseSharpnose seven seven-gill-gill shark shark ODONTASPIDIDAE كلب كلبأبو أبو ستة ستة) )الدودة( الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six six-gill-gill shark shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai BigeyedOdontaspisBigeyed six six-gill-gill shark shark ferox, Smalltooth Sandtiger shark – LOO ال ِقرال ِقشر ال َثش وال َرث و ر ) )كلب كلب بحر( بحر ( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark نمر نمر رملي رملي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر(OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothENSmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger SandtigerSP shark sharkSolrayo FR Requin-féroce AR Sandtiger shark VU CR قرش ٔابقرشي ٔابيض ض كبير كبير) )قرش أبقرشي أبيض ض كبير( كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias GreatGreat white white shark shark Global Med زرقايا زرقايا ) )زرقايا( زرقايا( IsurusIsurus oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ShortfinSPA/BDShortfin PROTOCOL:mako mako Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 IsurusIsurus paucus paucus LongfinLongfin mako mako طوبة طوبة LamnaLamna nasus nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle Size: up to 450 cm in total length (TL) كوسج ركوسج ّ حارلةّحا لة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus BaskingBasking shark shark ;fin originثعلب ثعلب analكبير كبير العين behindالعين AlopiasAlopias superciliosus superciliosus BigeyeDescription:Bigeye thresher thresher head depressed; second dorsal fin origin above or slightly with ثعلب ثعلبأبو أبو sometimesذنب ذنب ,AlopiasAlopias vulpinus vulpinus ThresheranalThresher fin sharkslightly shark smaller than second dorsal fin. Body light grey on the back GaleusGaleus atlanticus atlanticus AtlanticirregularAtlantic sawtail dark sawtail blotches, catshark catshark whitish below. Viviparous, about 105 cm in TL at birth. قط قط أسود أسود الفم الفم GaleusGaleus melastomus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark Habitat: epipelagic or benthic on continental shelf, from 10 to 900 m of depth. ِقط ِقط صغير صغير مبرقش مبرقش ) )كاتارلي / كاتارلي / نمر( نمر ( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula SmallSmall-spotted-spotted catshark catshark entering into حرتوكةnot حرتوكة Mediterranean Sea)كاتارلي / )كاتارلي in / the نمر( نمر(ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundDistributionNursehound : Atlantic, from Morocco to Gulf of Biscay, also .Pacific ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة Central ( and Eastern )قطاط( قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus TopetheTope Black shark shark Sea. It is also reported from Western Indian Ocean, Western كلب كلب نجمي نجمي )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias StarryStarry smooth smooth-hound-hound shark shark كلب كلب ناعم ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus SmoothSmooth-hound-hound كلب ُم َنكلب َّق ُمطَن َّق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth smooth-hound-hound CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus BignoseBignose shark shark ِقر ِقشر ُنشح ا ُنسحايس ي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus CopperCopper shark shark ِقر ِقشر ش لولبي لولبي ) )وشة / وشة / بومنقار( بومنقار ( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna SpinnerSpinner shark shark قرش قرش حريري حريري ) )كلب كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis SilkySilky shark shark ِقر ِقشر ُم ٙشك ُّٙحم ٙكل ٙ ّح ل )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus BlacktipBlacktip shark shark

78 Teeth with serrated edge and concave Small 2nd dorsal fin

Very pointed snout Very large gill slits not encircling Strong keel on the head caudal peduncle

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

Latin name © G.H. CommonBurgess english name Arabic name كلب أبو سبعة Heptranchias perlo Sharpnose seven-gill shark كلب أبو ستة )الدودة( Hexanchus griseus Bluntnose six-gill shark Hexanchus nakamurai ODONTASPIDIDAEBigeyed six-gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثوWSHر – )كلب بحرCarcharias taurus CarcharodonSandtiger shark carcharias, Great white )shark نمر رملي )كلب بحر( Odontaspis ferox Smalltooth Sandtiger shark قرش ٔابيض كبير )قرش أبيض كبير( Carcharodon carcharias EN GreatGreat white white SPsharkJaqueton FR Grand AR shark requin-blanc VU CR زرقايا )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako blanco Isurus paucus SPA/BDLongfin PROTOCOL: mako Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med طوبة Lamna nasus Porbeagle كوسج ر ّحالة Cetorhinus maximus Basking shark Size: up to 650 cm in total length (TL) ثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosus Bigeye thresher ثعلب and أبو largeذنب ;Alopias vulpinus Description:Thresher spindle-shaped shark shark with evident black eyes. Blunt, conical snout Galeus atlanticus triangularAtlantic saw-edged sawtail teeth.catshark Origin of first dorsal-fin usually over the pectoral-fin inner margins. white قط أسودabruptly الفمGaleus melastomus CaudalBlackmouth fin strongly catshark falcate. Lead-grey to brown or black above, lighter on sides, and of ِقط litter صغير probable مبرقش with )كاتارلي /low fecundityنمر ( Scyliorhinus canicula below.Small Black-spotted spot at catsharkrear pectoral fin base. Viviparous, very حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( .Scyliorhinus stellaris 9-14Nursehound young, about 120-150 cm in TL at birth ﱢمُتسولة )قطاط( Galeorhinus galeus Tope shark .m 250 -كلب 0 نجمي m of depth, usually )قطاط( Mustelus asterias HabitatStarry: epipelagic, smooth -oftenhound coastal, shark from the surface to at least 1300 more كلب ناعم ,Rare in the Atlantic )قطاط( .Mustelus mustelus DistributionSmooth-: houndprobably cosmopolitan species in temperate cold seas كلب ُم َن َّقط .the Black Sea )قطاط(Mustelus punctulatus frequentBlackspotted in the South smooth Africa.- houndPresent in the Mediterranean but not in Carcharhinus altimus Bignose shark ِقرش ُنحاسي Carcharhinus brachyurus Copper shark ِقرش لولبي )وشة / بومنقار( Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner shark قرش حريري )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus falciformis Silky shark ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktip shark

79 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Teeth elongated not 1st dorsal fin origin behind to serrated, without lateral inner corner of pectoral fin cusps at the base

Small 2nd dorsal fin

a > b

Very pointed snout

Very large gill slits not b encircling the head Strong keel on caudal peduncle Pectoral fin shorter than head

LatinLatin name name CommonCommon english english name name Arabic Arabic name name كلب كلب أبو أبو سبعة سبعة HeHpetrpatnracnhciahsia pse prleor lo SharpnoseSharpnose seven seven-gill-gill shark shark كلب كلب أبو أبو ستة ستة ) )الدودة(الدودة ( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus © F.Bluntnose SerenaBluntnose six six-gill-gill shark shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai BigeyedBigeyed six six-gill-gill shark shark LAMNIDAE ال ِق ارل ِقشر الشَث اول َثر و ر ) )كلب كلب بحر( بحر ( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark نمر نمر رملي رملي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox IsurusSmalltoothSmalltooth oxyrinchus, Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark Shortfin mako – SMA قرش ٔابقرشي ٔابيض ض كبير كبير ) )قرش أبقرشي أبيض ض كبير(كبير ( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias GreatGreat white white shark shark زرقايا زرقايا ) )زرقايا(زرقايا ( IsurusIsurus oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ENShortfinShortfinShortfin makomako mako SP Marrajo dentuso FR Requin-taupe bleue AR VU CR IsurusIsurus paucus paucus LongfinLongfin mako mako Global Med 06-14 طوبة .Recطوبة ,LamnaLamna nasus nasus SPA/BDPorbeaglePorbeagle PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: Rec. 07-06; Rec. 10-06 كوسج ركوسج ّحارل ّةحال ة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus GFCM:BaskingBasking GFCM/42/2018/2 shark shark ثعلب ثعلب كبير كبير العين العين AlopiasAlopias superciliosus superciliosus BigeyeBigeye thresher thresher Size: up to 450 cm in total length (TL) ثعلب ثعلب أبو أبو ذنب ذنب AlopiasAlopias vulpinus vulpinus ThresherThresher shark shark GaleusGaleus atlanticus atlanticus Description:AtlanticAtlantic sawtail Spindle-shapedsawtail catshark catshark shark with large black eyes, a sharp snout. Large, narrow, hooked Dark قط قط أسود أسود الفم.developed الفم GaleusGaleus melastomus melastomus teethBlackmouthBlackmouth with smooth catshark catsharkedges without cusplets. Caudal fin lunate, lower lobe strongly ِقط,youngِ ق ط 16-4صغير ofصغير مبرقش litter مبرقش ) )كاتارلي,Viviparous / كاتارلي / نمر.fins( نمر ( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula blueSmall Smallabove,-spotted- spottedwhite below.catshark catshark Very small second dorsal and anal حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / )كاتارلي / نمر( نمر( .ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris 60-70NursehoundNursehound cm in TL at birth ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) )قطاط(قطاط ( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus TopeTope shark shark Habitat: coastal and oceanic, from the surface or down to at least 600 m, usually between 50-150 كلب كلب نجمي نجمي )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias StarryStarry smooth smooth-hound-hound shark shark m of depth. كلب كلب ناعم ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus SmoothSmooth-hound-hound كلب ُمكلبَن َّق ُم َطن َّ ق ط included the Mediterranean)قطاط( )قطاط( ,MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus DistributionBlackspottedBlackspotted: cosmopolitan smooth smooth-hound -specieshound in temperate and tropical seas CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus butBignose notBignose the Blackshark shark Sea. ِقر ِقشر ُنشح اُنسحايس ي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus CopperCopper shark shark ِقر ِقشر ش لولبي لولبي ) )وشة / وشة / بومنقار( بومنقار ( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna SpinnerSpinner shark shark قرش قرش حريري حريري ) )كلب كلب بحر(بحر ( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis SilkySilky shark shark ِقر ِقشر ُمشٙك ُّٙمح ٙكلّٙ ح ل )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus BlacktipBlacktip shark shark

80 Small 2nd dorsal fin

Very pointed snout

Very large gill slits not a = b Strong keel on encircling the head b caudal peduncle

Teeth elongated not serrated, without lateral cusps at the base Pectoral fin

about as long as the head RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

LAMNIDAE Isurus paucus, Longfin mako – LMA

EN Longfin mako SP Marrajo carite FR Petite-requin AR NA taupe VU DD

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II GFCM: Not listed Global Med

Size: up to 430 cm in total length (TL)

Description: body fusiform with pectoral fins about as long as head or longer; snout usually narrowly and pointed. Caudal fin falcate, with a long inferior lobe. Intense blue back, white belly, with dusky markings on underside of snout. Viviparous, litter of 2-8 young, at least 97 cm in TL at birth.

Habitat: oceanic species, pelagic-epipelagic

Distribution: Western and Eastern Atlantic; Western Indian and Pacific Ocean.

Remarks: the occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

81 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1st dorsal fin origin above or anterior Teeth elongated to inner corner of pectoral fin not serrated, with lateral cusps at the base Small 2nd dorsal fin

Very large gill slits not encircling the head Strong keel on caudal peduncle

Latin name Common english name Arabic name كلب أبو سبعة Heptranchias perlo Sharpnose seven-gill shark كلب أبو ستة )الدودة( Hexanchus griseus Bluntnose six-gill shark Hexanchus nakamurai Bigeyed six-gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثور )كلب بحر( Carcharias taurus Sandtiger© S.P. Iglesias shark نمر رملي )كلب بحر( Odontaspis ferox Smalltooth Sandtiger shark LAMNIDAE قرش ٔابيض كبير )قرش أبيض كبير( Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark زرقايا )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchus ShortfinLamna mako nasus, Porbeagle – POR Isurus paucus Longfin mako طوبة Lamna nasus PorbeagleEN Porbeagle SP Marrajo sardinero FR Requin-taupe AR commun VU CR كوسج ر ّحالة Cetorhinus maximus Basking shark Rec. 15-06, Rec. 13-10 Global Medثعلب كبير ,Rec. 07-06العين :Alopias superciliosus BigeyeSPA/BD thresher PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinus ThresherGFCM: shark GFCM/42/2018/2 Galeus atlanticus Atlantic sawtail catshark Size: up to 350 cm in total length (TL) قط أسود الفم Galeus melastomus Blackmouth catshark long ِق,snout ط صغيرconical مبرقش,eyes,( sharp كاتارليlarge / blackنمر ( Scyliorhinus canicula SmallDescription:-spotted catshark spindle-shaped shark and stout with on the caudal حرتوكة cusps. Strong keels )كاتارلي / side نمر(Scyliorhinus stellaris Nursehoundgill slits, and small, smooth-edged, narrow teeth with ,grey dorsally ﱢمُتسوdark لة ;lunatic( caudal finقطاط (Galeorhinus galeus Topepeduncle, shark short secondary keels on the caudal base, and a .cm in TL at birthكلب نجميyoung, at least 50-75 )قطاط(Mustelus asterias Starrywhite smooth ventrally,-hound without shark blotches. Viviparous, litter up to 4 كلب ناعم )قطاط( Mustelus mustelus Smooth-hound Habitat: epipelagic species, coastal and oceanic, generally found in deep midwaters at 200-700 m, كلب ُم َن َّقط )قطاط( Mustelus punctulatus Blackspotted smooth-hound but also occurring on the surface. Carcharhinus altimus Bignose shark Oceans. Present ِق رش ُنحاIndian سيCarcharhinus brachyurus CopperDistribution shark : Atlantic, from Morocco to Iceland and also in the Pacific and ِقرش لولبي )وشة / بومنقار( .Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinnerin the shark Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea قرش حريري )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus falciformis Silky shark ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktip shark

82 Small hooked teeth Strong keel Very long snout Long gill slits encircling the head

RAYS

Latin name Common english name Arabic name SHARKS CHIMAERAS كلب أبو سبعة Heptranchias perlo Sharpnose seven-gill shark كلب أبو ستة )الدودة( Hexanchus griseus Bluntnose six-gill shark Hexanchus nakamurai Bigeyed six-gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثور )كلب بحر( Carcharias taurus Sandtiger shark نمر رملي )كلب بحر( Odontaspis ferox Smalltooth© M. Bradai Sandtiger shark قرش ٔابيض كبير )قرش أبيض كبير( Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark CETORHINIDAE زرقايا )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako Isurus paucus LongfinCetorhinus mako maximus, Basking shark – BSK طوبة Lamna nasus Porbeagle كوسج ر ّحالة Cetorhinus maximus BaskingEN sharkBasking shark SP Peregrino FR Pèlerin AR VU EN ثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosus Bigeye thresher Global Med ثعلب أبو GFCM/42/2018/2 ذنب :Alopias vulpinus ThresherSPA/BD shark PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix I & II GFCM Galeus atlanticus Atlantic sawtail catshark قط أسود الفم Galeus melastomus Blackmouth catshark Size: up to 1000 cm in total length (TL) ِقط صغير مبرقش )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus canicula Small-spotted catshark mouth حرتوكة snout; large, sub-terminal )كاتارلي / pointed نمر(;Scyliorhinus stellaris NursehoundDescription: huge gill slits almost encircling the head fin. Blackish to ﱢمُتسولة and lunate caudal) قطاط(,Galeorhinus galeus Tope withshark very small teeth; caudal peduncle with strong lateral keels the head and كلب under نجمي white blotches )قطاط( Mustelus asterias Starrygrey-brown, smooth-hound with large shark gray or bluish spots, often with irregular .(period (3.5 yearsكلب ناعم long gestation )قطاط(Mustelus mustelus Smoothbelly.-hound Viviparous, apparently up to 160 cm in TL at birth; probably كلب ُم َن َّقط )قطاط( Mustelus punctulatus Blackspotted smooth-hound Habitat: epipelagic species, oceanic, migrating towards the coast in spring and summer. Carcharhinus altimus Bignose shark .Black Sea ِقtheر inش ُنحاسيCarcharhinus brachyurus CopperDistribution shark : cosmopolitan species, present in the Mediterranean but absent ِقرش لولبي )وشة / بومنقار( Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner shark قرش حريري )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus falciformis Silky shark ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktip shark

83 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Distinctive deep grove on head Keel on caudal peduncle absent

Caudal upper lobe very long

Large eyes First dorsal fin Dark-gray closer to pelvic belly fins than to pectoral fins

Latin name Common english name Arabic name كلب أبو سبعة Heptranchias perlo Sharpnose seven-gill shark كلب أبو ستة )الدودة( Hexanchus griseus Bluntnose six-gill shark Hexanchus nakamurai Bigeyed six-gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثور )كلب بحر( Carcharias taurus Sandtiger shark نمر رملي )كلب بحر( Odontaspis ferox Smalltooth Sandtiger shark © S. Chow قرش ٔابيض كبير )قرش أبيض كبير( Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark زرقايا )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako ALOPIIDAE Isurus paucus Longfin mako طوبة Lamna nasus PorbeagleAlopias superciliosus, Bigeye thresher – BTH كوسج ر ّحالة Cetorhinus maximus Basking shark ثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosus BigeyeEN Bigeye thresher thresher SP Zorro ojón FR Renard à gros yeux AR VU EN ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinus Thresher shark Galeus atlanticus AtlanticSPA/BD PROTOCOL:sawtail catshark Not listed CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: Rec. 09-07; Rec 13-10 Global Med قط أسود الفم Galeus melastomus BlackmouthGFCM: Not listed catshark ِقط صغير مبرقش )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus canicula Small-spotted catshark Size: up to 480 cm in total length (TL) حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus stellaris Nursehound with eyes ﱢمُتسولة side; snout long) قطاطGaleorhinus galeus TopeDescription: shark nape with a deep and long horizontal groove on )each in other كلبback thanنجمي fin further )قطاط(Mustelus asterias Starryvery large. smooth Broad-hound caudal shark tip, curved tipped pectoral fins;1 st dorsal ,to 2 youngكلب up ناعم Viviparous, litter )قطاط( .Mustelus mustelus Smooththreshers.-hound Back dark blue to purplish-grey, belly cream to grey كلب ُم َن َّقط )قطاط( .Mustelus punctulatus Blackspottedup to 100-130 smoothcm in TL- athound birth Carcharhinus altimus Bignose shark Habitat: epipelagic species, oceanic and coastal in temperate and tropical waters, from the ِقرش ُنحاسي Carcharhinus brachyurus Copper shark surface to 1000 m of depth. ِقرش لولبي )وشة / بومنقار( Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner shark قرش Mediterranean حريريin the )كلب occurring بحر( Carcharhinus falciformis SilkyDistribution shark : Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Increasingly ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( .Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktipbut not inshark the Black Sea

84 Caudal upper lobe very long Forehead without groves deep grove Keel on caudal peduncle absent

White belly Small eyes First dorsal fin closer to pectoral fins than to pelvic fins

Latin name Common english name Arabic name كلب أبو سبعة Heptranchias perlo Sharpnose seven-gill shark RAYS SHARKS كلب أبو ستة )الدودة( Hexanchus griseus Bluntnose six-gill shark CHIMAERAS Hexanchus nakamurai Bigeyed six-gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثور )كلب بحر( Carcharias taurus Sandtiger shark نمر رملي )كلب بحر( Odontaspis ferox Smalltooth Sandtiger shark قرش ٔابيض كبير )قرش أبيض كبير( Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark © F. Serena زرقايا )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako Isurus paucus Longfin mako ALOPIIDAE طوبة Lamna nasus Porbeagle كوسج ر ّحالة Cetorhinus maximus BaskingAlopias shark vulpinus, Thresher shark – ALV ثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosus Bigeye thresher EN Thresher shark SP Zorro FR Renard de mer AR VU EN ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinus Thresher shark Galeus atlanticus Atlantic sawtail catshark Global Med 10-13 قط Rec أسود ;07-09 الفم Galeus melastomus BlackmouthSPA/BD PROTOCOL: catshark Annex III CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: Rec ِقط صغير مبرقش )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus canicula SmallGFCM:-spotted GFCM/42/2018/2 catshark حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus stellaris Nursehound Size: up to 600 cm in total length (TL) ﱢمُتسولة )قطاط( Galeorhinus galeus Tope shark -narrow كلب ,curved نجمي ,short, small eyes )قطاط( Mustelus asterias StarryDescription: smooth-hound nape without shark deep horizontal grooves; snout or blackish on كلب ناعم ,Brown, grey, blue-grey)قطاط( .Mustelus mustelus Smoothtipped-hound pectoral fins, white patch over pectoral fin bases up to 2-4 كلبlitter ُم َن َّقط ,ahead. Viviparous )قطاط(Mustelus punctulatus Blackspottedback and underside smooth- houndof snout, white below; 1st dorsal fin well Carcharhinus altimus Bignoseyoung, shark up to 120 cm in TL at birth. ِقرش ُنحاسي Carcharhinus brachyurus Copper shark Habitat: epipelagic species, oceanic and coastal in temperate and tropical waters, from the ِقرش لولبي )وشة / بومنقار( Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner shark surface to 400 m of depth. قرش حريري )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus falciformis Silky shark ِقRecentlyر ش ُم ٙك ّٙحل .Mediterranean )كلب in the بحر( Carcharhinus limbatus BlacktipDistribution shark : Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Common a specimen was found just outside the Bosphorus Channel.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

85 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Up to 10 black spots on the back

Labial furrows dark 1-2 black lines along lower Mouth dark lobe of the caudal fin Ventral side of head

PENTANCHIDAE Galeus atlanticus, Atlantic sawtail catshark – GHA

EN Atlantic sawtail SP Pintarroja FR Chien atlantique AR NA catshark atlántica NT NT

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med

Size: up to 47 cm in total length (TL)

Description: body slender; moderately long, flattened snout. First dorsal fin over the latter portion of the pelvic fin bases. 2nd dorsal fin over the posterior portion of the anal fin base. Both dorsal fins are angular and similar in size. Tailing margin of the caudal fin with 1-2 black lines along lower lobe, as is interior of mouth. The inside of the furrows at the corners of the mouth are dark, in contrast to G. melastomus where they are light. Oviparous with short hatching period.

Habitat: from continental slope at 300-800 m of depth.

Distribution: North Eastern Atlantic, from Spanish coasts to Morocco. It occurs also in the Mediterranean but is restricted to the Alboran Sea.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

86 Up to 20 black spots on the back

Labial furrows light No black lines along lower Mouth dark lobe of the caudal fin Ventral side of head

Latin name Common english name Arabic name كلب أبو سبعة Heptranchias perlo Sharpnose seven-gill shark

كلب أبو ستة )الدودة( Hexanchus griseus Bluntnose six-gill shark Hexanchus nakamurai Bigeyed six-gill shark RAYS

SHARKS ال ِقرش ال َثور )كلب بحر( Carcharias taurus Sandtiger shark CHIMAERAS نمر رملي )كلب بحر( Odontaspis ferox Smalltooth Sandtiger shark قرش ٔابيض كبير )قرش أبيض كبير( Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark زرقايا )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako

Isurus paucus Longfin mako© F. Serena طوبة Lamna nasus Porbeagle كوسج ر ّحالة Cetorhinus maximus Basking shark PENTANCHIDAE ثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosus Bigeye thresher SHO – ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinus ThresherGaleus shark melastomus, Blackmouth catshark Galeus atlanticus Atlantic sawtail catshark قط أسود الفم Galeus melastomus BlackmouthEN Blackmouth catshark SP Pintarroja FR Chien espagnol AR catshark bocanegra LC LC ِقط صغير مبرقش )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus canicula Small-spotted catshark listed Global Med حرتوكة listed GFCM: Not )كاتارلي CMS: / Not نمر( Scyliorhinus stellaris NursehoundSPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed ﱢمُتسولة )قطاط( Galeorhinus galeus Tope shark كلب نجمي )قطاط( Mustelus asterias Starry smooth-hound shark Size: up to 90 cm in total length (TL) كلب ناعم )قطاط( Mustelus mustelus Smooth-hound over the latter كلبfin ُم َن َّقط snout. First dorsal )قطاط( Mustelus punctulatus BlackspottedDescription: smooth body-hound slender; moderately long, flattened Carcharhinus altimus Bignose portionshark of the pelvic fin bases. 2nd dorsal fin over the posterior portion of the anal fin base. black, as is interior ِقرfin ش ُنحاسcaudalي Carcharhinus brachyurus Copper sharkBoth dorsal fins are angular and similar in size. Tailing margin of the spawning all ِقرش ,Oviparousلولبي .light )وشة of the /mouth بومنقار( Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner ofshark mouth. The inside of the furrows at the corners قرش حريري )كلب بحر( .Carcharhinus falciformis Silky sharkyear round, with a peak in the spring and summer ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktip shark Habitat: from continental slope at 200-1200 m of depth, occasionally on continental shelf before 200 m.

Distribution: Atlantic, from the Faroes islands to Senegal. Occur also in the Mediterranean but not in the north Adriatic. No present in the Black Sea.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

87 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Long eye, Numerous 2nd dorsal fin origin Nassal flaps dorsal position small dots behind posterior joined in middle end of anal fin base

Ventral side of head

LatinLatin name name CommonCommon english english name name Arabic Arabic name name كلب كلبأبو أبو سبعة سبعة HepHterpatnrcahnicahs ipaes rploe rlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven seven-gill-gill shark shark كلب كلبأبو أبو ستة ستة) )الدودة( الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six -sixgill-gill shark shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai BigeyedBigeyed six -sixgill-gill shark shark ال ِقرال ِقش رال َثشو الرَث و ر ) )كلب كلب بحر( بحر ( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark نمر نمر رملي رملي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark قرش ٔابيقرش ٔابضي ض كبير كبير) )قرش أبيقرش أبضي ض كبير( كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias GreatGreat white white shark shark زرقايا زرقايا ) )زرقايا( زرقايا( IsurusIsurus oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ShortfinShortfin mako mako IsurusIsurus paucus paucus LongfinLongfin mako mako طوبة طوبة LamnaLamna nasus nasus © F.Porbeagle SerenaPorbeagle كوسج ركوسجّح الرة ّحا لة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus BaskingBasking shark shark ثعلب ثعلب كبير كبير العين العين AlopiasAlopias superciliosus superciliosus BigeyeBigeye thresher thresher SCYLIORHINIDAE ثعلب ثعلبأبو أبو ذنب ذنب AlopiasAlopias vulpinus vulpinus ThresherThresher shark shark GaleusGaleus atlanticus atlanticus ScyliorhinusAtlanticAtlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catsharkcanicula, Small-spotted catshark – SYC قط قط أسود أسودالفم الفم GaleusGaleus melastomus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark ِقط ِقط صغير صغير مبرقش مبرقش ) )كاتارلي / كاتارلي / نمر( نمر ( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula ENSmallSmall-spottedSmall-spotted-spotted catsharkSP catsharkPintarroja FR Petite roussette AR catshark LC LC حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / )كاتارلي / نمر( نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehound Global Med ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة )Not( listed قطاط( قطاط( :GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus SPA/BDTopeTope PROTOCOL:shark shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM كلب كلب نجمي نجمي )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias StarryStarry smooth smooth-hound-hound shark shark كلب كلب ناعم ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus SmoothSmooth-hound-hound Size: up to 100 cm in total length TL (60 cm in Mediterranean). كلب ُم َنكلبَّق ُطم َن َّق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth smooth-hound-hound CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus Description:BignoseBignose shark snoutshark short; the. Upper labial furrows absent, interior nasal flap pointed. Origin of by ِقر ِقش ر ُنcoveredحشا ُنسحايس ي,CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus secondCopperCopper dorsal shark shark fin over the hind end of anal fin base. dorsal surface sandy or brown a ِقر ِقwithش رش year لولبي لولبي around( ( theوشة / allوشة / بومنقار( بومنقارCarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna numerousSpinnerSpinner sharksmall shark dark spots; ventral side cream. Oviparous, ) spawning Atlantic قرش قرش حريري northeastحريري ) the )كلبfor كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis peakSilkySilky on shark June shark - July on muddy bottoms at about 200 m depth. Fecundity ِقر ِقش ر ُم ٙكش ٙ ّحُم ٙلك ّٙ ح ل )كلب )كلب.length بحر( بحر(CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus toBlacktip beBlacktip at around shark shark 29-62 pups. Hatched pups are about 8-10 cm in total

Habitat: soft bottoms of the continental shelf and upper slope up to 400 m depth.

Distribution: Atlantic coasts from Norway to Senegal; all around the Mediterranean including the Black Sea.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

88 2nd dorsal fin origin Long eye, Medium large before or above posterior dorsolateral position blotches and dots end of anal fin base

Ventral side of head

Latin nameLatin name CommonCommon english name english name Arabic nameArabic name كلب أبو سبعة كلب أبو سبعة HeptrancHhieapst praenrlcoh ias perlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven-gill seven shark- gill shark كلب أبو ستة كلب) أبو الدودة(ستة )الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill shark six- gill shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai Bigeyed sixBigeyed-gill shark six- gill shark َ َ

ال ِقرش الثو ارل ِق ر ش) الثوكلب ر بحر ( ) كلب بحر( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark نمر رملي نمر )كلب رملي بحر( )كلب بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark RAYS

SHARKS قرش ٔابيض قرشكبير ٔا ب ي)ض قرش أبكبيري )ض قرشكبير (أبي ض كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias Great whiteGreat shark white shark CHIMAERAS زرقايا )زرقايا ( )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchusIsurus oxyrinchus Shortfin makoShortfin mako Isurus paucusIsurus paucus Longfin makoLongfin mako طوبة طوبة Lamna nasusLamna nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle كوسج ر ّحالة كوسج ر ّحالة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus Basking© F. Serena sharkBasking shark ثعلب كبير العينثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosusAlopias superciliosus Bigeye thresherBigeye thresher ثعلب أبو ذنب ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinusAlopias vulpinus Thresher Threshershark shark SCYLIORHINIDAE Galeus atlanticusGaleus atlanticus Atlantic sawtailAtlantic catshark sawtail catshark قط أسود الفمقط أسود الفم Galeus melastomusGaleus melastomus BlackmouthScyliorhinusBlackmouth catshark catshark stellaris, Nursehound – SYT ِقط صغير ِقط مبرقش صغير )مبرقش كاتارلي / )نمر( كاتارلي / نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula Small-spottedSmall -catsharkspotted catshark حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( )كاتارلي AR/ نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundEN NursehoundNursehound SP Alitán FR Grande roussette NT NT ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) قطاط ( )قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus Tope sharkTope shark Global Med كلب نجمي كلب نجمي Not listed )قطاط( :GFCM )قطاط(MustelusMustelus asterias asterias StarrySPA/BD smoothStarry PROTOCOL:- houndsmooth Notshark-hound listed shark CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed كلب ناعم كلب ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus Smooth-houndSmooth -hound كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُ م َ ن َّق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth- houndsmooth -hound Size: up to 170 cm in total length (TL) CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus Bignose sharkBignose shark ِقwhiteر ش ُنحاس ِقير sometimes ش ُنحاand سي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus CopperDescription: sharkCopper sharkstubby catshark with snout short, large and small black spots ِق رtheش لولبيreach ِق ر notش do) لولبي وشة flaps( / that بومنقاروشة( / nasal بومنقار( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna Spinnerspots sharkSpinner on the sides shark of the body and the back. Small anterior قرش,base. Oviparousحريري قرش anal( finكلب حريري the بحر ( of) كلبend بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis Silky mouth.sharkSilky Origin shark of the second dorsal fin forward the posterior ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل ِق ر ش ُم ٙك ّٙحل)كلب بحر( )كلب بحر( .CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus Blacktipsize sharkat hatching aboutBlacktip shark 16 cm

Habitat: hard bottoms of the coast from shallow waters to outer edge of the continental shelf (200 m of depth) and beyond.

Distribution: Atlantic coasts from Southern Scandinavia to Senegal; all around the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

89 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

2nd dorsal fin notably smaller than 1st

Snout relatively long and conical

Lower lobe long

Latin nameLatin name Common Commonenglish name english name Arabic nameArabic name كلب أبو سبعة كلب أبو سبعة HeptranchHiaesp tprearnloc hias perlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven-gill sevenshark -gill shark كلب أبو ستة )كلب أبو الدودة(ستة )الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill shark six- gill shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai Bigeyed sixBigeyed-gill shark six- gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثورا ل ِق ر ش) ال َثكلبو ر بحر ( ) كلب بحر( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark نمر رملي نمر )كلب رملي بحر( )كلب بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark قرش ٔابيض كبيرقرش ٔاب ي)ض قرش أبيكبير ض) كبيرقرش( أب يض كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias Great whiteGreat shark white shark زرقايا )زرقايازرقايا( )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchusIsurus oxyrinchus Shortfin makoShortfin mako Isurus paucusIsurus paucus Longfin makoLongfin mako طوبة طوبة Lamna nasusLamna nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle كوسج ر ّحالة كوسج ر ّحالة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus Basking sharkBasking shark ثعلب كبير العينثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosusAlopias superciliosus Bigeye thresherBigeye© F. Serena thresher ثعلب أبو ذنب ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinusAlopias vulpinus Thresher Threshershark shark Galeus atlanticusGaleus atlanticus Atlantic sawtailAtlantic catshark sawtail catshark TRIAKIDAE قط أسود الفم قط أسود الفم Galeus melastomusGaleus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark ِقط صغير ِقط مبرقش صغير )GAG مبرقش كاتارلي – / )نمر( كاتارلي /shark نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula Small-spottedSmallGaleorhinus catshark-spotted catshark galeus, Tope حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( )كاتارلي / نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehound ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) قطاط ( AR)قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus Tope sharkTope EN sharkTope shark SP Cazon FR Requin-hâ VU VU كلب نجمي كلب نجمي )قطاط( )قطاط( Mustelus Mustelusasterias asterias Starry smoothStarry-hound smooth shark-hound shark Global Med كلب ناعم كلب GFCM/42/2018/2 ناعم :GFCM )قطاط( Not listed )قطاط( :Mustelus Mustelusmustelus mustelus Smooth-houndSmoothSPA/BD -hound PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُم َن َّق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( Mustelus Musteluspunctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth-hound smooth -hound CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus Bignose sharkBignose shark Size: up to 160 cm, more rarely 195 cm in total length (TL) ِقرش ُنحاسيِق رش ُنحاسي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus Copper sharkCopper shark fin smaller ِقرش nd dorsalلولبي2 ِق ر ش ;teeth )لولبي وشة / blade-like )بومنقار(وشةand / small بومنقار( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna Spinner sharkSpinnerDescription: shark long and pointed snout, large mouth to brown on قرش From greyحريري قرش .of( fin كلب حريريrest بحر long( )as كلب as بحر(CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis Silky sharkSilky then shark 1st and about as large as anal. Lower caudal lobe .cm in TL 35 ِق رto ش upُم ٙك ّٙحل bornِق ر ش pupsُم ٙك ّٙحل)كلب ;35-25 بحر( )كلب common بحر( ,CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus Blacktip sharkBlacktipthe back, shark white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 45 young

Habitat: benthopelagic species, from surface to 500, exceptionally up to 1000 m of depth.

Distribution: world-wide in temperate waters included the Mediterranean.

90 White spots 2nd dorsal fin quite similar to 1st as dimension

Angled

Ventral side of head Lower lobe short

Latin nameLatin name CommonCommon english nameenglish name Arabic Arabicname name كلب أبو سبعةكلب أبو سبعة HeptrancHheiapst rpaenrcloh ias perlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven-gill seven shark-gill shark كلب أبو ستة كلب )أبو الدودة(ستة )الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill shark six-gill shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai Bigeyed Bigeyedsix-gill shark six-gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثوالر ِق ر ش ا)ل َثوكلبر بحر () كلب بحر( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark نمر رملي نمر )كلب رملي بحر( )كلب بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark قرش ٔابيض قرش كبيرٔا ب ي )ض قرش أكبيرب ي )ض قرش كبيرأ(بي ض كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias Great whiteGreat shark white shark

زرقايا )زرقايا زرقايا ( )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchusIsurus oxyrinchus Shortfin Shortfinmako mako RAYS

Isurus paucusIsurus paucus Longfin makoLongfin mako SHARKS CHIMAERAS طوبة طوبة Lamna nasusLamna nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle كوسج ر ّحالة كوسج ر ّحالة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus Basking sharkBasking shark ثعلب كبير ثعلبالعين كبير العين Alopias superciliosusAlopias superciliosus Bigeye thresherBigeye thresher ثعلب أبو ذنب ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinusAlopias vulpinus ThresherThresher shark© S.P. Iglesias shark Galeus atlanticusGaleus atlanticus Atlantic Atlanticsawtail catshark sawtail catshark قط أسود الفمقط أسود الفم Galeus melastomusGaleus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark TRIAKIDAE ِقط صغير ِقط مبرقش صغير )مبرقش كاتارلي / ) نمر( كاتارلي / نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula Small-spottedSmall- spottedcatshark catshark SDS – حرتوكة shark حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( )كاتارلي / smooth-hound نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehoundMustelus asterias, Starry ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) قطاط ( )قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus Tope sharkTope shark كلب نجمي كلب نجمي )قطاط( AR)قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias Starry smoothStarryEN Starry- smoothhound smooth- shark-hound SP sharkMusola FR Émissole hound shark LC VU كلب ناعم كلب ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus Smooth-Smoothhound -hound estrellada tachetée Global Med كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُ م َن َّق ط GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 )قطاط( listed )قطاط(MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspottedSPA/BD smooth PROTOCOL:- smoothhound Annex -hound III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus Bignose Bignoseshark shark ِقرش ُنحاس ِقير ش ُنحاسي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus Copper sharkCopper shark Size: up to 140 cm in total length (TL) ِقرش لولبيِق ر ش )لولبي وشة / )وشةبومنقار (/ بومنقار( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna Spinner Spinnershark shark Dorsal قرش حريري .asymmetrical قرش )Teeth كلبحريري بحر ().lowers كلب than بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis Silky sharkSilkyDescription: shark snout rounded; upper labial folds longer white ِقwithر ش ُم ٙك,ٙ backّح ِقل ر the ش on ُم ٙ ك ّٙحل )كلب brownish بحر( to )كلب Grey بحر( .CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus Blacktip Blacktipsharkfins similar shark in size; notch on upper caudal lobe large spots, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 20 young, pups born up to 30 cm in TL.

Habitat: coastal species in temperate waters from the surface to 350 m deep.

Distribution: Atlantic, from North Sea to Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

91 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Skin uniformly gray 1st dorsal fin without spots slightly bigger than 2nd

Ventral side of head Latin nameLatin name CommonCommon english name english name ArabicLower lobe nameArabic short name كلب أبو سبعة كلب أبو سبعة HeptranchHieapst praenrlcoh ias perlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven-gill seven shark- gill shark كلب أبو ستة كلب) أبو الدودة(ستة )الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill shark six- gill shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai Bigeyed sixBigeyed-gill shark six- gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثورال ِق ر ش) ال َثوكلب ر بحر ( ) كلب بحر( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark نمر رملي نمر )كلب رملي بحر( )كلب بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark قرش ٔابيض قرشكبير ٔا ب ي)ض قرش أبكبيري ض) قرشكبير (أب يض كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias Great whiteGreat shark white shark زرقايا )زرقايا ( )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchusIsurus oxyrinchus Shortfin makoShortfin mako Isurus paucusIsurus paucus Longfin makoLongfin mako طوبة طوبة Lamna nasusLamna nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle كوسج ر ّحالة كوسج ر ّحالة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus Basking sharkBasking shark ثعلب كبير العينثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosusAlopias superciliosus Bigeye thresherBigeye thresher ثعلب أبو ذنب ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinusAlopias vulpinus Thresher Threshershark shark Galeus atlanticusGaleus atlanticus Atlantic© F. Serena sawtailAtlantic catshark sawtail catshark قط أسود الفم قط أسود الفم Galeus melastomusGaleus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark ِقط صغير ِقط مبرقش صغير )مبرقش كاتارلي / )نمر( كاتارلي / نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula Small-spottedSmall -catsharkspotted catshark TRIAKIDAE حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( )كاتارلي / نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehound ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) قطاط ( SMD )– قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus Tope MustelussharkTope shark mustelus, Smooth-hound كلب نجمي كلب نجمي )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias Starry smoothStarry-hound smooth shark-hound shark كلب ناعم كلب ناعم )قطاط( AR)قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus SmoothEN -Smooth-houndhoundSmooth -hound SP Musola FR Émissole lisse VU VU كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُم َ ن َّ ق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth-hound smooth -hound CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus BignoseSPA/BD sharkBignose PROTOCOL: shark Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med ِقرش ُنحاس ِقير ش ُنحاسي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus Copper sharkCopper shark ِقرش لولبي ِق ر ش )لولبي وشة / )بومنقاروشة( / بومنقار( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna Spinner sharkSpinner shark Size: up to 200 cm in total length (TL) قرش حريري قرش )كلب حريري بحر ( ) كلب بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis Silky sharkSilky shark ِقGill رش ُم ٙك ّٙحل ِق ر ش ُم .ٙ asymmetrical ك ّٙحل)كلب Teeth بحر( .lowers)كلب thanبحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus BlacktipDescription: sharkBlacktip snoutshark rounded; upper labial furrows longer slits almost equal in length. Dorsal fins similar in shape, the second is slightly smaller. Origin of the 1st dorsal fin over free rear pectoral tip; upper caudal lobe large with a notch. Back uniformly grey or brownish, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 4-17 young, pups born up to about 40 cm in TL.

Habitat: coastal demersal species. From the surface to about 600 m of the depth

Distribution: Atlantic, from the British Isles to South Africa, included the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

92 Dorsal fins similar in shape

Black spots on the back

Latin nameLatin name CommonCommon english nameenglish name Arabic Arabicname name Ventral side of head Lower lobe short كلب أبو سبعةكلب أبو سبعة HeptrancHheiapst rpaenrcloh ias perlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven-gill seven shark-gill shark كلب أبو ستة كلب )أبو الدودة(ستة )الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill shark six-gill shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai Bigeyed Bigeyedsix-gill shark six-gill shark ال ِقرش ال َثوالر ِق ر ش ا)ل َثوكلبر بحر () كلب بحر( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark نمر رملي نمر )كلب رملي بحر( )كلب بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark قرش ٔابيض قرش كبيرٔا ب ي )ض قرش أكبيرب ي )ض قرش كبيرأ(بي ض كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias Great whiteGreat shark white shark زرقايا )زرقايا زرقايا ( )زرقايا( Isurus oxyrinchusIsurus oxyrinchus Shortfin Shortfinmako mako Isurus paucusIsurus paucus Longfin makoLongfin mako

طوبة طوبة Lamna nasusLamna nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle RAYS

SHARKS كوسج ر ّحالة كوسج ر ّحالة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus Basking sharkBasking shark CHIMAERAS ثعلب كبير ثعلبالعين كبير العين Alopias superciliosusAlopias superciliosus Bigeye thresherBigeye thresher ثعلب أبو ذنب ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinusAlopias vulpinus ThresherThresher shark shark Galeus atlanticusGaleus atlanticus Atlantic Atlanticsawtail catshark sawtail catshark قط أسود الفمقط أسود الفم Galeus melastomusGaleus melastomus Blackmouth© F. SerenaBlackmouth catshark catshark ِقط صغير ِقط مبرقش صغير )مبرقش كاتارلي / ) نمر( كاتارلي / نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula Small-spottedSmall- catsharkspotted catshark حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( )كاتارلي / نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehound TRIAKIDAE ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) قطاط ( )قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus Tope sharkTope shark MPTكلب – نجمي كلب نجمي )قطاط( smooth-hound )قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias StarryMustelus smoothStarry- smoothhound punctulatus, shark-hound shark Blackspotted كلب ناعم كلب ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus Smooth-Smoothhound -hound كلب ُم َن َّقط كلب ُ م َ ن َّ ق ط )قطاط( AR)قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedEN BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth - smoothhoundSP Musola -hound primienta FR Émissole pointillée smooth-hound DD VU CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus Bignose Bignoseshark shark Med ِقرGlobalش ُنحاس ِقير ش ُنحاسي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus CopperSPA/BD sharkCopper PROTOCOL: shark Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 ِقرش لولبيِق ر ش )لولبي وشة / )وشةبومنقار (/ بومنقار( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna Spinner sharkSpinner shark قرش حريري قرش )كلبحريري بحر () كلب بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis Silky sharkSilky shark Size: up to 190 cm in total length (TL) ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙح ِقل ر ش ُم ٙ ك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( )كلب بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus Blacktip Blacktipshark shark Description: snout rounded; upper labial folds longer than lowers. Teeth asymmetrical. Dorsal fins similar in shape with dark posterior edge, the second is slightly smaller. Back uniformly grey or brownish with small dark blotches, white belly. Viviparous, pups born up to 30-43 cm in TL.

Habitat: coastal species with benthic habits on the continental shelf up to 200 m depth.

Distribution: Atlantic, from Morocco to Southern Portugal. Also in the Mediterranean.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

93 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Interdorsal ridge 1st dorsal fin origin over present and high or in front of pectoral fin intersection

Snout moderetely long, pointed Pectoral fins large or rounded

CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinus altimus, Bignose shark – CCA

EN Bignose shark SP Tiburon baboso FR Requin babosse AR NA DD DD

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med

Size: up to 300 cm in total length (TL)

Description: heavily body with a long and broad snout, high triangular, saw-edged upper teeth without cusplets; moderately high and prominent Interdorsal ridge. Origin of the 1st dorsal fin over or in front of the axil. Light grey on the back, sometimes bronzy, white belly with no conspicuous markings. Viviparous, litter up to 3-15 young, pups born probably up to 70-90 cm in TL.

Habitat: common in offshore and in warm-temperate and tropical waters, usually near of the edge of the continental and insular shelves, between 90 - 430 m and beyond.

Distribution: Circumglobal species, irregular records in tropical and warm seas, included the Mediterranean with very few data.

Remarks: Its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

94 Interdorsal 1st dorsal fin origin over ridge absent or little ahead the rear free tip of pectoral fin

ثعلب كبير العين Alopias superciliosus Bigeye thresher RAYS

SHARKS ثعلب أبو ذنب Alopias vulpinus Thresher shark Galeus atlanticus Atlantic sawtail catshark CHIMAERAS قط أسود الفم Galeus melastomus Blackmouth catshark ِقط صغير مبرقش )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus canicula Small-spotted catshark

حرتوكة )كاتارلي / نمر( Scyliorhinus stellaris Nursehound© C. Duffy ﱢمُتسولة )قطاط( Galeorhinus galeus Tope shark كلب نجمي )قطاط( Mustelus asterias Starry smooth-hound shark كلب ناعم )قطاط( Mustelus mustelus Smooth-houndCARCHARHINIDAE BRO – كلب ُم َن َّقط shark )قطاط( Mustelus punctulatus BlackspottedCarcharhinus smooth-hound brachyurus, Copper Carcharhinus altimus Bignose shark ِقرش ُنحاسي Carcharhinus brachyurus Copper sharkEN Copper shark SP Tiburon cobrizo FR Requin cuivre AR NT DD ِقرش لولبي )وشة / بومنقار( Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner shark listed Global Med قرش Not حريري:listed( GFCM كلب Not بحر( :Carcharhinus falciformis Silky shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS ِقرش ُم ٙك ّٙحل )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktip shark

Size: up to 325 cm in total length (TL)

Description: large shark with snout moderately long, rounded or bluntly pointed; no interdorsal ridge. Viviparous, litter up to 7-20 young, pups born probably up to 59-70 cm in TL.

Habitat: coastal species but also offshore in warm-temperate waters, from the surface to at least 100 m depth.

Distribution: Circumglobal species. It occurs also in the Mediterranean, all data from the Western basin.

95 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Snout long and pointed 1st dorsal fin origin over or little ahead the rear free tip of pectoral fin

Interdorsal ridge absent

LatinLatin name name CommonCommon english english name name Arabic Arabic name name كلب أبو كلب سبعةأبو سبعة HeptrHaenpcthrians cpheiarlso perlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven seven-gill shark-gill shark كلب أبو كلب ستة أبو )ستة الدودة)( الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill six shark-gill shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai BigeyedBigeyed six-gill six shark-gill shark ال ِقرشا لالِق َثرورش ا ل َ ث و )ر كلب )بحر(كلب بحر ( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark Tip of fins lightly dark نمر رملينمر رملي )كلب بحر()كلب بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark except in juveniles قرش ٔابيقرشض ٔابيكبير ض )كبير قرش )أبيقرشض أبيكبير(ض كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias GreatGreat white white shark shark زرقايا )زرقايا زرقايا)( زرقايا( IsurusIsurus oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ShortfinShortfin mako mako IsurusIsurus paucus paucus LongfinLongfin mako mako طوبة طوبة LamnaLamna nasus nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle كوسج ر ّحالكوسجة ر ّحالة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus BaskingBasking shark shark ثعلب كبير ثعلب العينكبير العين AlopiasAlopias superciliosus superciliosus BigeyeBigeye thresher thresher ثعلب أبو ثعلب ذنبأبو ذنب AlopiasAlopias vulpinus vulpinus ThresherThresher shark shark GaleusGaleus atlanticus atlanticus AtlanticAtlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark قط أسودقط الفم أسود الفم GaleusGaleus melastomus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark ِقط ِقطصغير صغير مبرقش )مبرقش )كاتارلي / كاتارلينمر (/ نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula SmallSmall-spotted-spotted catshark catshark حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / )كاتارلي نمر(/ نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehound ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) قطاط () قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus © M.Tope N. Bradai Topeshark shark كلب نجميكلب نجمي )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias StarryStarry smooth smooth-hound-hound shark shark كلب ناعم كلب ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus SmoothSmooth-hound-hound CARCHARHINIDAE كلب ُم َن َّقطكلب ُم َن َّق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth smooth-hound-hound CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus CarcharhinusBignoseBignose shark shark brevipinna, Spinner shark – CCB ِقرش ُن ِقحراسش ي ُن حاسي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus CopperCopper shark shark ِقرش ِقرلولبيش لولبي ) وشة /) وشة / بومنقار( ARبومنقار( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna ENSpinnerSpinnerSpinner shark shark shark SP Tibur on aleta negra FR Requin tisserand NT NE قرش قرش حريري )حريري كلب )بحر(كلب بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis Silky Silkyshark shark Med ِقGlobalرش ُمِق ٙكر ّٙحشل ُ م ٙ ك ٙ ّح ل )كلب listed بحر()كلب Not بحر( :CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus SPA/BDBlacktip PROTOCOL:Blacktip shark shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM

Size: up to 280 cm in total length (TL)

Description: slender shark with a long, narrow and pointed snout. Origin of the 1st dorsal fin above or behind the rear free tip of the pectoral fin. No interdorsal ridge. Grey on the back, white belly, with a conspicuous white band on each side. Viviparous, litter up to 3-20 young, pups born probably up to 60-80 cm in TL.

Habitat: coastal-pelagic species in warm-temperate and tropical waters of the continental shelve, close to the coasts and offshore; from the shallow waters up to at least 100 m of depth.

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, Atlantic and Mediterranean; its presence in this sea seems limited to the North Africa coasts.

Remarks: erroneously recorded as non-native species, it is rare but indigenous of the Mediterranean.

96 1st dorsal fin origin over or well Interdorsal ridge present behind rear free tip of pectoral fin

LatinLatin name name CommonCommon english english name name Arabic Arabic name name كلب أبوكلب أبو سبعة سبعة HepHterapntrcahniacsh ipaesr ploe rlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven seven-gill- gillshark shark كلب أبوكلب أبوستة )ستة )الدودة( الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six- sixgill- gillshark shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai BigeyedBigeyed six- sixgill- gillshark shark َ َ Free rear tip of 2nd dorsal ال ِقرال ِقش رالثشو ارل ث و ر ) long )كلب very كلببحر ( fins بحر( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark and anal نمر نمر رملي رملي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark قرش ٔابيقرش ٔابضي ض كبير )كبير )قرش أبيقرش أبضي ض كبير( كبير( CarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias GreatGreat white white shark shark زرقايا زرقايا ) )زرقايا( زرقايا( IsurusIsurus oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ShortfinShortfin mako mako IsurusIsurus paucus paucus LongfinLongfin mako mako طوبة طوبة LamnaLamna nasus nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle كوسج ر ّكوسجحا لرة ّح الة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus BaskingBasking shark shark ثعلب ثعلب كبير كبير العين العين AlopiasAlopias superciliosus superciliosus BigeyeBigeye thresher thresher ثعلب أبوثعلب أبو ذنب ذنب AlopiasAlopias vulpinus vulpinus ThresherThresher shark shark GaleusGaleus atlanticus atlanticus AtlanticAtlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark

RAYS قط قط أسود أسودالفم الفم GaleusGaleus melastomus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark SHARKS

CHIMAERAS ِقط ِقط صغير صغير مبرقش مبرقش ) )كاتارلي / كاتارلي / نمر ( نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula SmallSmall-spotted-spotted catshark catshark حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / )كاتارلي / نمر( نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehound © R. Bonfil ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) )قطاط( قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus TopeTope shark shark كلب كلب نجمي نجمي )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias StarryStarry smooth smooth-hound-hound shark shark كلب كلب ناعم ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus SmoothSmooth-hound-hound كلب ُم َن َّقكلب ط ُم َن َّق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth smooth-hound-hound CARCHARHINIDAE CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus BignoseBignose shark shark ِقر ِقش رُنحشا ُنسحيا سيCarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus CopperCopperCarcharhinus shark shark falciformis, Silky shark – FAL ِقر ِقش رش لولبي لولبي ) )وشة / وشة / بومنقار( بومنقار( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna SpinnerSpinner shark shark قرش قرش حريري حريري ) )كلب كلببحر ( بحر(CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis SilkySilky sharkEN sharkSilky shark SP Tiburon FR Requin AR jaqueton soyeux VU NE ِقر ِقش ر ُم ٙكشّٙ ح ُملٙك ٙ ّح ل )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus BlacktipBlacktip shark shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT: Rec. 11-08; Rec. 13-10 Global Med GFCM: Not listed

Size: up to 330 cm in total length (TL)

Description: large species but enough slender. Snout moderately long and rounded. 1st dorsal fin slightly falcate, with rounded apex; its origin well behind pectoral free rear tip. From greyish to brown or blackish on the back, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 2-16 young, pups born probably up to 55-87 cm in TL.

Habitat: epipelagic species near the edge of continental shelves but also in open sea, generally in tropical waters. From surface up to 500 m of depth.

Distribution: circumtropical species in all oceans, including the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Here, with very few records in the Western basin.

97 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1st dorsal fin origin Interdorsal ridge absent over pectoral fin

LatinLatin name name CommonCommon english english name name Arabic Arabic name name كلب أبو كلب سبعةأبو سبعة HeptHraenpcthraiansc pheiarslo p erlo SharpnoseSharpnose seven seven-gill shark-gill shark كلب أبو كلب ستة أبو )ستة الدودة)( الدودة( HexanchusHexanchus griseus griseus BluntnoseBluntnose six-gill six shark-gill shark HexanchusHexanchus nakamurai nakamurai BigeyedBigeyed six-gill six shark-gill shark ال ِقرشا لاِقل َثروشر ا ل َث و ر) كلب )بحركلب( بحر( CarchariasCarcharias taurus taurus SandtigerSandtiger shark shark

نمر نمررملي رملي )كلب )كلببحر( بحر( OdontaspisOdontaspis ferox ferox SmalltoothSmalltooth Sandtiger Sandtiger shark shark All tips of fins black قرش ٔابيقرشض ٔا بيكبيرض )كبير قرش) أبيقرشض أ بيكبيرض( fin كبيرCarcharodonCarcharodon carcharias carcharias GreatGreat white white shark shark except ) anal زرقايا )زرقايا )زرقايا( زرقايا( IsurusIsurus oxyrinchus oxyrinchus ShortfinShortfin mako mako IsurusIsurus paucus paucus LongfinLongfin mako mako طوبة طوبة LamnaLamna nasus nasus PorbeaglePorbeagle كوسج ر ّحالكوسجة ر ّحالة CetorhinusCetorhinus maximus maximus BaskingBasking shark shark ثعلب كبيرثعلب كبيرالعين العين AlopiasAlopias superciliosus superciliosus BigeyeBigeye thresher thresher ثعلب أبو ثعلب ذنبأبو ذنب AlopiasAlopias vulpinus vulpinus ThresherThresher shark shark GaleusGaleus atlanticus atlanticus AtlanticAtlantic sawtail sawtail catshark catshark قط أسودقط الفمأسود الفم GaleusGaleus melastomus melastomus BlackmouthBlackmouth catshark catshark ِقط ِقط صغير صغير مبرقش )مبرقش )كاتارلي / كاتارلي نمر/( نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus canicula canicula SmallSmall-spotted-spotted catshark catshark حرتوكة حرتوكة )كاتارلي / )كاتارلي /نمر( نمر( ScyliorhinusScyliorhinus stellaris stellaris NursehoundNursehound ﱢمُتسولة ﱢمُتسو لة ) قطاط)( قطاط( GaleorhinusGaleorhinus galeus galeus TopeTope shark shark كلب كلبنجمي نجمي )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus asterias asterias StarryStarry smooth smooth-hound-hound shark shark كلب ناعمكلب ناعم )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus mustelus mustelus SmoothSmooth-hound-hound © R. Bonfil كلب ُم َن َّقطكلب ُم َن َّق ط )قطاط( )قطاط( MustelusMustelus punctulatus punctulatus BlackspottedBlackspotted smooth smooth-hound-hound CarcharhinusCarcharhinus altimus altimus BignoseBignose shark shark ِقرش ُنِقرحاسش ُنيح اسي CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brachyurus brachyurus CopperCARCHARHINIDAECopper shark shark ِقرش ِقرشلولبي لولبي ) CCL وشة )/– وشة / بومنقار( shark بومنقار ( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus brevipinna brevipinna SpinnerCarcharhinusSpinner shark shark limbatus, Blacktip قرش قرش حريري حريري) كلب )بحركلب( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus falciformis falciformis Silky Silkyshark shark ِقرش ِقُم ٙرك ّٙحشل ُم ٙك ٙ ّح ل )كلب )كلببحر( ARبحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus limbatus limbatus BlacktipEN BlacktipBlacktip shark shark shark SP Tiburon macuira FR Requin bordé NT DD

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med

Size: up to 255 cm in total length (TL)

Description: stocky shark with a moderately long and pointed snout. Origin of the 1st dorsal fin over the pectoral fin. No interdorsal ridge. grey or grey-brown on the back, white belly. An evident white band on sides of the body; apex of the fins dark but not the st1 dorsal. Viviparous, litter up to 1-10 young, pups born probably up to 38-72 cm in TL.

Habitat: pelagic species in tropical and warm-temperate waters. Occur adjacent to the continental shelves more rarely in the open sea. From the surface up to 100 m of depth.

Distribution: cosmopolitan species, just one record in the Western Mediterranean basin.

98 Apex of the fin black, contrasting with white area below

1st dorsal fin origin over Interdorsal ridge absent pectoral free rear tips

Evident white band on side

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinus melanopterus, Blacktip reef shark – BLR

EN Blacktip reef shark SP Tiburon de FR Requin AR NA puntas negras pointes noires NT NE

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med

Size: up to 200 cm in total length (TL)

Description: relatively stubby species. Snout short and rounded. Large 1st dorsal fin, with a rounded black apex, its origin usually over pectoral free rear tips. origin of second dorsal over anal origin. Viviparous, litter up to 2-4 young, pups born probably up to 33-52 cm in TL.

Habitat: species of tropical area, prefers shallow water close to the coral reefs, from the surface to few metres of depth.

Distribution: Indo-Pacific species: East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands and the Tuamoto Archipelago. North to Japan and south to Australia. Also, in the Red Sea.

Remarks: Its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

99 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1st dorsal fin origin over or slightly anterior to the Interdorsal ridge present pectoral free rear tips

CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinus obscurus, Dusky shark – DUS CarcharhinusCarcharhinus melanopterus melanopterus BlacktipBlacktip reef reef shark shark قرش ٔاسقرشو ٔاد س و د )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر(CarcharhinusCarcharhinus obscurus obscurus EN DuskyDuskyDusky shark shark shark SP Tiburon arenero FR Requin sombre AR VU DD قرش قرش رمادي رمادي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus plumbeus plumbeus SandbarSandbar shark shark Global Med قرش قرشنمر نمر GaleocerdoGaleocerdo cuvier cuvier SPA/BDTiger PROTOCOL:Tiger shark shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II GFCM: Not listed قرش ٔازقرشر ٔاقز ر ق )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( PrionacePrionace glauca glauca BlueBlue shark shark قرش ذوقرش ذو خرطوم ُمقخرطومّر ُمنق ّرن RhizoprionodonRhizoprionodon acutus acutus MilkMilk shark shark أبو أِمبوط َرِمَقةط َرُم َق َخة َّر ُمم َخ َّرم (SphyrnaSphyrna lewini lewini Size: Scallopedup Scallopedto 420 cmhammerhead hammerheadin total length (TL َ َ stأبو1 ِمأبوط َرِمقةط َرقة .roundedشائع شائعSphyrnaSphyrna mokarran mokarran Description:GreatGreat hammerhead large hammerhead and slender shark with snout short to moderately long and أبو مأبوط رمَقةط ر َقة صغير صغير العينين العينين SphyrnaSphyrna tudes tudes SmalleyeSmalleye hammerhead hammerhead .dorsal fin semifalcated, its origin usually over or slightly anterior to the pectoral freeَ ِ َ rearِ tips ٔابو ٔاِمبوط َرِمَقةط َر َقة ناعم ناعم ) )قرش قرش بومطرقة( بومطرقة( SphyrnaSphyrna zygaena zygaena SmoothSmooth hammerhead hammerhead Interdorsal ridge present. Blue-grey, lead-grey on the back, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to كوسج كوسج شراعي شراعي الزعنفة الزعنفة DalatiasDalatias licha licha KitefinKitefin shark shark كلب كلب مخملي مخملي البطن البطن .EtmopterusEtmopterus spinax spinax 3-14 young,VelveVelve belly pups belly born probably up to 70-100 cm in TL shelf كلب كلب برتغالي continental برتغالي CentroscymnusCentroscymnus coelolepis coelolepis HabitatPortuguesePortuguese: coastal-pelagic dogfish dogfish species. in warm temperate and tropical waters of the ِقر ِقش رراشِق د را ِقد صغير صغير .SomniosusSomniosus rostratus rostratus but alsoLittleLittle in sleeperoceanic sleeper sharkwaters. shark From the surface to 400 m depth حمار حمار البحر البحر ) )نعجة( نعجة( OxynotusOxynotus centrina centrina AngularAngular rough rough shark shark كلب the أبوكلبin أبو عين عين CentrophorusCentrophorus granulosus granulosus DistributionGulperGulper shark: It sharkis cosmopolitan, including the Mediterranean with very few records كلب أبوكلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرشوكةّٙق ُمطٙرٙ ّقط SqualusSqualus acanthias acanthias WesternSpottedSpotted basin. spiny spiny dogfish dogfish كلب أبوكلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنشوكة ُمفٙأٙ ّن ف قطاط قطاط بوشوكة بوشوكة SqualusSqualus blainville blainville LongnoseLongnose spurdog spurdog قطاط قطاط بوشوكة بوشوكة SqualusSqualus megalops megalops ShortnoseShortnose spurdog spurdog EchinorhinusEchinorhinus brucus brucus BrambelBrambel shark shark مالك مالك شوكي )شوكي )سفن / سفن / وقاص( وقاص( SquatinaSquatina aculeata aculeata SawbackSawback angelshark angelshark مالك مالك شائع شائع) )سفن سفن وقاص( وقاص( SquatinaSquatina squatina squatina AngelsharkAngelshark

100 1st dorsal fin tall and semi falcate 1st dorsal fin origin over the pectoral fin base Interdorsal ridge present

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

CARCHARHINIDAE

CarcharhinusCarcharhinus melanopterus melanopterus CarcharhinusBlacktipBlacktip reef reef shark shark plumbeus, Sandbar shark – CCP قرش ٔاسقرشو ٔاد س و د )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus obscurus obscurus DuskyDusky shark shark قرش قرش رمادي رمادي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر(CarcharhinusCarcharhinus plumbeus plumbeus EN SandbarSandbarSandbar shark shark shark SP Tiburon trozo FR Requin gris AR VU EN قرش قرشنمر نمر GaleocerdoGaleocerdo cuvier cuvier TigerTiger shark shark Global Med قرش ٔازقرش ر ٔاقز ر ق )كلب )كلب GFCM/42/2018/2 بحر( بحر( :PrionacePrionace glauca glauca SPA/BDBlue BluePROTOCOL: shark shark Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM قرش ذوقرش ذو خرطوم ُمقخرطوم ّر ُمنق ّ رن RhizoprionodonRhizoprionodon acutus acutus MilkMilk shark shark أبو أِمبوط َرِم َقةط َرُمَق َةخ َّرُمم َخ َّرم SphyrnaSphyrna lewini lewini ScallopedScalloped hammerhead hammerhead أبو ِمأبوط َرِم َقةط َر َقة شائع شائع (SphyrnaSphyrna mokarran mokarran Size:Great upGreat to hammerhead300 hammerhead cm in total length (TL َ َ ,tall أبو ِمأبوط َرِمقةط َرقextremelyة صغير fin صغير العينين dorsal العينينSphyrnaSphyrna tudes tudes Description:SmalleyeSmalleye medium-sized hammerhead hammerhead shark with snout short and rounded. 1 st ٔابو ٔاِمبوط َرِم َقةط َر َقة ناعم ناعم ) )قرش قرش بومطرقة( بومطرقة( SphyrnaSphyrna zygaena zygaena SmoothSmooth hammerhead hammerhead triangular, semifalcate with apex rounded, its origin over or anterior to the pectoral insertions. كوسج كوسج شراعي شراعي الزعنفة الزعنفة DalatiasDalatias licha licha KitefinKitefin shark shark Interdorsal ridge present. Grey-brown on the back, white belly. Viviparous, litter up to 1-14 young, كلب كلب مخملي مخملي البطن البطن EtmopterusEtmopterus spinax spinax VelveVelve belly belly كلب كلب برتغالي برتغالي .CentroscymnusCentroscymnus coelolepis coelolepis pupsPortuguese bornPortuguese probably dogfish dogfishup to 56-75 cm in TL shelf ِقر ِقش رراشِق د را ِقدcontinental صغيرthe صغيرSomniosusSomniosus rostratus rostratus HabitatLittleLittle: coastal-pelagic sleeper sleeper shark shark species. in warm temperate and tropical waters of حمار حمار البحر البحر ) )نعجة( نعجة( .OxynotusOxynotus centrina centrina but alsoAngularAngular in oceanic rough rough waters. shark shark From the surface to 280 m depth كلب أبوكلب أبو عين عين CentrophorusCentrophorus granulosus granulosus GulperGulper shark shark .Black Sea كلب theأبوكلب in أبو شوكة ُم ٙرشوكةّٙق Absentُم طٙرٙ ّقط .SqualusSqualus acanthias acanthias DistributionSpottedSpotted :spiny cosmopolitan, spiny dogfish dogfish also in the Mediterranean where it is common كلب أبوكلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنشوكة ُمفٙأٙ ّن ف قطاط قطاط بوشوكة بوشوكة SqualusSqualus blainville blainville LongnoseLongnose spurdog spurdog Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean. قطاط قطاط بوشوكة بوشوكة SqualusSqualus megalops megalops ShortnoseShortnose spurdog spurdog EchinorhinusEchinorhinus brucus brucus BrambelBrambel shark shark مالك مالك شوكي )شوكي )سفن / سفن / وقاص( وقاص( SquatinaSquatina aculeata aculeata SawbackSawback angelshark angelshark مالك مالك شائع شائع) )سفن سفن وقاص( وقاص( SquatinaSquatina squatina squatina AngelsharkAngelshark

101 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Greenish-grey with vertical bars, fading with size Interdorsal ridge present Small spiracles behind eyes Head rounded

Teeth serrated, Strong keel on caudal peduncle oblique, similar in both jaws, inner margin convex

CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark قرش ٔاسود TIG – )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky sharkGaleocerdo cuvier, Tiger shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger sharkEN Tiger shark SP Tiburón tigre FR Requin tigre AR commun NT NE قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark Not listed Global Med قرش ذو :GFCM خرطوم ُمقlisted ّرنRhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين (Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerheadSize: up to 550 cm in total length (TL َ and rounded; upper ٔابوshort ِمط َرقةSnout ناعم ).peduncle قرش caudal بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerheadDescription: trunk stout, tapering to slender كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark labial furrow as long as snout length. Head flattened dorsally and broad. Spiracle present behind كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly and above eye. Apex of first dorsal fin rounded; inter-dorsal ridge present; strong lateral keels on كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish back with well-defined ِقرthe ش onر ا ِقد brown صغير Somniosus rostratus Little sleepercaudal shark peduncle; upper caudal lobe long. Greenish-grey to large litter up to 10-82 حمار البحر ,Viviparous )نعجة(.Oxynotus centrina Angular roughdark shark spots in juveniles, becoming vertical bars in the adult كلب أبو عين .Centrophorus granulosus Gulper sharkpups, born probably up to 60-90 cm in TL ّٙ ,bottom up to 140m depth كلب nearأبو شوكةfound ُم ٙرقط Squalus acanthias Spotted spinyHabitat dogfish: coastal waters but also out off the coasts, usually كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville Longnose spurdog but also at surface. قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops Shortnose spurdog Echinorhinus brucus Brambel sharkDistribution : cosmopolitan, in temperate and tropical seas. Recently recorded also in the مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( .Squatina aculeata Sawback angelsharkMediterranean in the Gulf of Sirte مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark

102 1st dorsal fin Pointed head origin about midway between pectoral and anal fins b a > 2 b

Pectoral fin long and falcate

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

CarcharhinusCarcharhinus melanopterus melanopterus BlacktipCARCHARHINIDAEBlacktip reef reef shark shark قرش ٔاسقرش و ٔاد س و د )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus obscurus obscurus DuskyDusky shark shark قرش قرش رمادي رمادي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus plumbeus plumbeus SandbarPrionaceSandbar shark shark glauca, Blue shark – BSH قرش قرشنمر نمر GaleocerdoGaleocerdo cuvier cuvier TigerTiger shark shark قرش ٔازقرش ر ٔاقز ر ق )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر(PrionacePrionace glauca glauca BlueENBlue sharkBlue shark shark SP Tiburon azul FR Peau bleue AR NT CR قرش ذوقرش ذو خرطوم ُمقخرطوم ّ ر ُمنق ّ رن RhizoprionodonRhizoprionodon acutus acutus MilkMilk shark shark Global Med أبو أِم بوط َ ِرم َقةط َر ُمَق َة12-16خ َّرُمم َخRec َّ رم :SphyrnaSphyrna lewini lewini ScallopedSPA/BDScalloped PROTOCOL: hammerhead hammerhead Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II ICCAT أبو ِمأبوط َِرم َقةط َر َقة شائع شائع SphyrnaSphyrna mokarran mokarran GreatGFCM:Great hammerhead GFCM/42/2018/2 hammerhead أبو ِمأبوط َِرم َقةط َر َقة صغير صغير العينين العينين SphyrnaSphyrna tudes tudes SmalleyeSmalleye hammerhead hammerhead ٔابو ٔاِمبوط َِرم َقةط َر َقة ناعم ناعم ) )قرش قرش بومطرقة( بومطرقة( (SphyrnaSphyrna zygaena zygaena SmoothSize:Smooth up hammerhead to hammerhead 400 cm in total length (TL ;very long كوسجsnout كوسج شراعي شراعي ;depressed الزعنفة الزعنفة DalatiasDalatias licha licha KitefinDescription:Kitefin shark shark very slender shark with head narrow and moderately كلب كلب مخملي مخملي البطن البطن EtmopterusEtmopterus spinax spinax VelveVelve belly belly eyes large; spiracles absent. Interdorsal ridge absent; caudal peduncle with low keels. 1st dorsal fin كلب كلب برتغالي برتغالي CentroscymnusCentroscymnus coelolepis coelolepis PortuguesePortuguese dogfish dogfish origin well behind pectoral rear tips. Very narrow and long pectoral fins. Intense blue on the back, ِقر ِقش رراشِق د را ِقد صغير صغير SomniosusSomniosus rostratus rostratus LittleLittle sleeper sleeper shark shark young, pups حمار حمار البحر(30-15 البحر ) )نعجةusually) ( نعجة ( OxynotusOxynotus centrina centrina AngularwhiteAngular belly, rough rough without shark shark a colour pattern. Viviparous, litter up to 4-135 كلب كلبأبو أبو عين عين .CentrophorusCentrophorus granulosus granulosus GulperbornGulper probablyshark shark up to 35-44 cm in TL ٙ ٙ from very كلب watersكلبأبو أبو شوكة ُم tropicalٙشوكةر ّق ُمطٙر ّق and ط SqualusSqualus acanthias acanthias SpottedHabitatSpotted spiny: oceanic spiny dogfish dogfish and coastal-pelagic species. in warm temperate ٙ ٙ ّٙ ّٙ كلب كلبأبو أبو شوكة ُمأشوكةن ُمفأ ن ف .depthقطاط m قطاط 350بوشوكة to بوشوكة SqualusSqualus blainville blainville LongnosecloseLongnose to thespurdog spurdogcoast to the open sea. From the surface قطاط قطاط بوشوكة بوشوكة SqualusSqualus megalops megalops ShortnoseShortnose spurdog spurdog EchinorhinusEchinorhinus brucus brucus BrambelDistributionBrambel shark shark: circumglobal species, included the Mediterranean but not the Black Sea. مالك مالك شوكي شوكي) )سفن / سفن / وقاص( وقاص( SquatinaSquatina aculeata aculeata SawbackSawback angelshark angelshark Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean. مالك مالك شائع شائع ) )سفن سفن وقاص( وقاص ( SquatinaSquatina squatina squatina AngelsharkAngelshark

103 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

1st dorsal fin origin usually in advance of free tip of pectoral fin

2nd Dorsal fin origin Gill opening short well forward the origin of the anal fin

© J.E. Randall Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus DuskyCARCHARHINIDAE shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier TigerRhizoprionodon shark acutus, Milk shark – RHA قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus MilkEN sharkMilk shark SP Tiburón lechoso FR Requin à museau AR pointu LC NE أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead Global Med أبو ِمط َر َقةNot listedشائع :Sphyrna mokarran GreatSPA/BD hammerhead PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerhead ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة .Dalatias licha KitefinSize: up shark to 170 cm in total length of free tip of كلب ahead مخملي usuallyالبطن Etmopterus spinax VelveDescription: belly snout long. Gill openings short. First dorsal fin origin كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish pectoral fin; inter-dorsal ridge present or absent; origin of the second dorsal fin over posterior ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus Little sleeper shark third of anal base. Grey to brown on the back, white below. Viviparous, litter up to 3-8, pups born حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark كلب أبو عين .Centrophorus granulosus Gulperbetween shark 25-39 cm in TL ٙ .continental shelf كلب the أبو of شوكة ُمٙ depth ر ّقm ط Squalus acanthias SpottedHabitat spiny: mid watersdogfish on sandy and muddy bottoms between 1-200 كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville Longnose spurdog occurs in the قطاط Also بوشوكة .Squalus megalops ShortnoseDistribution spurdog: Eastern Atlantic from Senegal to Angola, including Madeira Echinorhinus brucus BrambelIndian Ocean, shark Red Sea and Japan. Two records in the Mediterranean Sea. مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark

104 Distinctive indentation in centre of front margin of the head and nasal furrows

Rear tip of first dorsal fin well ahead of pelvic fin origin

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

Carcharhinus melanopterus © R.Blacktip Bonfil reef shark © SEFSC Pascagoula Laboratory; NOAA NMFS SEFSC قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus SPHYRNIDAESandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark قرش ٔازرBSHق – )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca SphyrnaBlue shark lewini, Scalloped hammerhead قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini ENScallopedScalloped hammerheadSP Cornuda común FR Requi-marteau AR hammerhead halicorne EN NE أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead Global Med 10-13 أبو ِمRec ط َر َقة ;08-10 صغير.Rec العينين:Sphyrna tudes SPA/BDSmalleye PROTOCOL: hammerhead Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix II ICCAT ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena GFCM:Smooth GFCM/42/2018/2 hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark كلب مخملي البطن (Etmopterus spinax Size:Velve up bellyto 430 cm in total length (TL

at at the كلبwith eyes برتغالي (Centroscymnus coelolepis Description:Portuguese The dogfish head and the skull are flattened and wide (as a hammer ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus Little sleeper shark sides. Anterior contour of the head quite convex, with prominent median notch. Rear tip of حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark first dorsal fin ahead of pelvic fin origin; pelvic fins low and not falcate. Grey, grayish brown, كلب أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus Gulper shark .side كلب ventralأبو on شوكة ُم ٙرٙblackّق طSqualus acanthias orSpotted olivaceous spiny on dogfishthe back, white belly; tip of the pectoral fins grey or كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف .in TL قطاط cm بوشوكة Squalus blainville Viviparous,Longnose litterspurdog up to 12-41 young, pups born up to 39-57 shelf قطاط over continentalبوشوكة Squalus megalops HabitatShortnose: epipelagic spurdog and semi-oceanic species, in tropical and warm areas Echinorhinus brucus Brambel shark from the coast to about 250 m depth, probably much more. مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark found in the مالك also شائعIt is )سفن .Oceans وقاص( Squatina squatina DistributionAngelshark: circumglobal species in Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea.

105 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Front margin of head nearly straight and with a slight indentation at its centre Very high and strongly falcate Rear tip of first dorsal fin well ahead of pelvic fin origin

Strongly falcate

Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark

قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus ©Dusky SEFSC Pascagoula shark Laboratory; Collection of Brandi Noble, NOAA NMFS SEFSC قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark SPHYRNIDAE قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark قرش ذو SPK – خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus SphyrnaMilk shark mokarran, Great hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran ENGreatGreat hammerhead hammerhead SP Comuda gigante FR Grand AR requin-marteau EN NE أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerhead Global Med ٔا10-13ب و ِمRec ط َر َقة ;08-10 ناعم .ICCAT:( Rec قرش II بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena SPA/BDSmooth PROTOCOL: hammerhead Annex II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Appendix كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha GFCM:Kitefin GFCM/42/2018/2 shark كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly كلب برتغالي (Centroscymnus coelolepis Size:Portuguese up to 610 dogfish cm in total length (TL قرش راقد صغير Somniosus rostratus Description:Little sleeper The shark head and the skull are flattened and wide (as a hammer) withِ eyesِ at at the حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark sides. Head broad with anterior contour quite convex, scalloped in the midline and opposite each كلب أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus Gulper shark than other كلب أبو shorter شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقopeningط Squalus acanthias nostril;Spotted centre spiny of dogfish eyes anterior to extern line of the mouth; fifth gill as well as the كلب أبو and falcateشوكة ُم ٙأّٙنhighف very قطاط fin بوشوكة Squalus blainville fourLongnose and situated spurdog behind origin of pelvic fins; first dorsal up to 6-42 قطاط litter بوشوكة ,Squalus megalops pelvicShortnose fins. spurdogGrey or greyish brown on the back; ventral side white. Viviparous Echinorhinus brucus pups,Brambel size sharkat birth 50-70 cm in TL. مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark Habitat: coastal pelagic and semi-oceanic over continental shelf from coast to 30 m. Usually up مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark to 100 m depth.

Distribution: circumglobal species from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Just a single old record from the Mediterranean.

Remarks: Its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

106 Indentation in centre of front margin. No nasal furrows Not Rear tip of first dorsal fin falcate over of pelvic fin origin fin

RAYS SHARKS CHIMAERAS

Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark Aristide Takoukam (AMMCO) قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark

قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca SPHYRNIDAEBlue shark قرش ذو خرطومSPQ ُمق–ّر ن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark Smalleye hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم ,Sphyrna lewini SphyrnaScalloped hammerheadtudes أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes EN SmalleyeSmalleye hammerheadSP Comuda ojichica FR Requi-marteau AR hammerhead à petits yeux VU NE ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead Global Med كوسج Rec 13-10 شراعي ;08-10 الزعنفة.Dalatias licha SPA/BDKitefin PROTOCOL: shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed ICCAT: Rec كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax GFCM:Velve Not listed belly كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus Little sleeper shark حمار البحر )نعجة( (Oxynotus centrina Size:Angular up to 150 rough cm in shark total length (TL fore to كلب eyes أبو of عين Centrophorus granulosus Description:Gulper shark head broad with anterior contour fairly convex. Eyes small, centre ٙ -greyish كلبto أبو grey شوكة ُم ٙر ّقsurfaceط Squalus acanthias frontSpotted of mouth; spiny fifth dogfish gill opening above origin of pectoral fins. Dorsal ٙ ّٙ .TL كلبin أبو cm 30 شوكة ُمأنbirth ف size at قطاط ,litter بوشوكة Squalus blainville brown,Longnose shading spurdog to paler below. Viviparous, 5 to 12 pups per قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops Shortnose spurdog Echinorhinus brucus HabitatBrambel: on continental shark shelf from surface to 12 m depth. مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark Distribution: Eastern Atlantic, from Venezuela to Uruguay. Just a single old record in the Mediterranean. مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark Remarks : Its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea needs confirmation.

107 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

No indentation in centre of front margin

Rear tip of first dorsal fin well ahead of pelvic fin origin

CarcharhinusCarcharhinus melanopterus melanopterus BlacktipBlacktip reef reef shark shark قرش ٔاسقرش و ٔاد س و د )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus obscurus obscurus DuskyDusky shark shark قرش قرش رمادي رمادي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus plumbeus plumbeus SandbarSandbar shark shark © M. Dicken قرش قرش نمر نمر GaleocerdoGaleocerdo cuvier cuvier TigerTiger shark shark قرش ٔازقرش ر ٔاقز ر ق )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( PrionacePrionace glauca glauca BlueBlue shark shark قرش ذوقرش ذو خرطوم ُمقخرطوم ّ ر ُمنق ّ رن RhizoprionodonRhizoprionodon acutus acutus MilkMilk shark shark SPHYRNIDAE أبو أ ِمبوط َِرم َقطة َر ُمَق َةخ َّرُمم َخ َّرم SphyrnaSphyrna lewini lewini ScallopedScalloped hammerhead hammerhead أبو ِمأبوط َِرم َقطة َر َقة شائع شائع SphyrnaSphyrna mokarran mokarran SphyrnaGreatGreat zygaena, hammerhead hammerhead Smooth hammerhead – SPZ أبو ِمأبوط َِرم َقطة َر َقة صغير صغير العينين العينين SphyrnaSphyrna tudes tudes SmalleyeSmalleye hammerhead hammerhead ٔابو ٔا ِمبوط َِرم َقطة َر َقة ناعم ناعم ) )قرش قرش بومطرقة( بومطرقة(SphyrnaSphyrna zygaena zygaena EN Smooth SmoothSmooth hammerhead SPhammerheadCornuda FR Requin-marteau AR hammerhead commun VU CR كوسج كوسج شراعي شراعي الزعنفة الزعنفة DalatiasDalatias licha licha KitefinKitefin shark shark cruz

Global Med كلب كلب مخملي مخملي البطن10-13 البطنEtmopterusEtmopterus spinax spinax SPA/BD PROTOCOL:VelveVelve belly Annex belly II CITES: Appendix II CMS: Not listed ICCAT: Rec. 10-08; Rec كلب كلب برتغالي برتغالي CentroscymnusCentroscymnus coelolepis coelolepis GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2PortuguesePortuguese dogfish dogfish ِقر ِقش رراشِق د را ِقد صغير صغير SomniosusSomniosus rostratus rostratus LittleLittle sleeper sleeper shark shark حمار حمار البحر البحر ) )نعجة( نعجة ( (OxynotusOxynotus centrina centrina Size: up to Angular500Angular cm in rough total rough lengthshark shark (TL كلب كلبأبو أبو عين عين CentrophorusCentrophorus granulosus granulosusDescription:Gulper TheGulper head shark shark and the skull are flattened and wide (as a hammer) with eyes at at the كلب كلبأبو أبو شوكة ُم ٙشوكةرٙ ّق ُمطٙرّٙق ط SqualusSqualus acanthias acanthias SpottedSpotted spiny spiny dogfish dogfish sides front contour of the head moderately convex, without median indentation. Rear tip of كلب كلبأبو أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙشوكةن ُمفٙأٙ ّن ف قطاط قطاط بوشوكة بوشوكة SqualusSqualus blainville blainville LongnoseLongnose spurdog spurdog to قطاط dark قطاط بوشوكةgreen بوشوكة SqualusSqualus megalops megalops first dorsalShortnose finShortnose well ahead spurdog spurdog of pelvic fin origin. Pelvic fins low and not falcate. From EchinorhinusEchinorhinus brucus brucus brownish-greyBrambelBrambel on the shark back, shark shading to white on the belly.. Viviparous, litter up to 20-50 young, مالك مالك شوكي شوكي) )سفن / سفن / وقاص( وقاص( .SquatinaSquatina aculeata aculeata pups born upSawback Sawbackto 50-60 angelshark cm angelshark in TL مالك مالك شائع ,depth شائع )m )سفن 200 سفن up toوقاص ( وقاص ( SquatinaSquatina squatina squatina Habitat: epipelagicAngelsharkAngelshark in coastal waters of temperate areas from the surface

usually 0-20 m.

Distribution: widespread in temperate and tropical seas of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. Common in the Mediterranean, absent in the Black Sea.

108 Head small and conical Dorsal fins without spines

RAYS SHARKS Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark CHIMAERAS قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger© F. Serena shark قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark َ َ أبو ِمط َرقة ُمخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini ScallopedDALATIIDAE hammerhead َ أبو ِمط َرقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead Kitefin shark – SCK أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين ,Sphyrna tudes SmalleyeDalatias hammerhead licha ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha KitefinEN Kitefin shark shark SP Carocho FR Squale liche AR VU VU كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly Global Med كلب listed برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis PortugueseSPA/BD PROTOCOL: dogfish Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus Little sleeper shark حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark كلب أبو عين (Centrophorus granulosus GulperSize: up shark to 182 cm in total length (TL ّٙ top. Mouth كلب snoutأبو to شوكة ُمٙcloseر قط Squalus acanthias SpottedDescription: spiny short dogfish snout thick and fleshy with tip rounded; nostrils كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville Longnose spurdog lightly arched, lips thick and fleshy. Spiracles above and behind eye. Pectoral fins shape similar قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops Shortnose spurdog to a paddle, while the first dorsal fin is similar to a brush. Caudal fin broad, truncate at its end, Echinorhinus brucus Brambel shark young, pups born مالك 16-10 شوكي up( to سفن / litter وقاص( ,Squatina aculeata Sawbackwithout evident angelshark lower lobe. Body uniformly brown. Viviparous مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( .Squatina squatina Angelsharkup to 30-42 cm in TL Habitat: benthic and mesopelagic species in temperate waters, from 90 to 1000 m of deep, up to

1800 m, usually on the slopes at 300-600 m.

Distribution: Atlantic Ocean but also in New Zealand, Australia and Japan. Common but not

abundant in the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

109 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Dorsal fins with spines

Grey dorsal side

2nd dorsal fin origin over pelvic fin bases Black belly

Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark © F. Serena قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead َ أبو ِمط َرقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran GreatETMOPTERIDAE hammerhead َ أبو ِمط َرقة صغير ETX العينين – Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerhead Velve belly ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( ,Sphyrna zygaena SmoothEtmopterus hammerhead spinax كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax VelveEN bellyVelve belly SP Negrito FR Sagre commun AR LC LC كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish Global Med ِقرش listedر ا ِقد Not صغير :Somniosus rostratus LittleSPA/BD sleeper PROTOCOL: shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark كلب أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus Gulper shark كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط (Squalus acanthias SpottedSize: spiny up to dogfish 60 cm in total length (TL ٙ ّٙ of the 2nd dorsal fin كلب أبو Origin شوكة .eye ُ مأنف behind قطاط and بوشوكةSqualus blainville LongnoseDescription: spurdog snout long and rounded. Spiracle above قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops Shortnose spurdog over the pelvic fin bases; caudal fin with notch on the upper lobe little defined. Brown on the back, Echinorhinus brucus Brambel shark with a particular black pattern on the lateral body; black belly. Viviparous, litter up to 6-20 young, مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( .Squatina squatina Angelsharkpups born about 9-14 cm in TL Habitat: demersal species on shelf and slopes, from 200 to 2500 m depth.

Distribution: Atlantic, from Iceland to South Africa. It is common in the Mediterranean but absent

in the North Adriatic and Black Sea.

110 Dorsal fins with very small spines

Head flattened

Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark

RAYS قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark SHARKS CHIMAERAS قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark © F. Serena قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead َ أبو ِمط َرقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes SmalleyeSOMNIOSIDAE hammerhead ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead CYO – كوسجdogfish شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin sharkCentroscymnus coelolepis, Portuguese كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis PortugueseEN Portuguese dogfish SP Pailona FR Pailona commun AR dogfish NT LC ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus Little sleeper shark listed Global Med حمار Not البحر :GFCM ) نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular SPA/BDrough sharkPROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed كلب أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus Gulper shark كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط Squalus acanthias Spotted spiny dogfish كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة (Squalus blainville LongnoseSize: spurdog up to 120 cm in total length (TL Spiracles at upper marginقطاط بوشوكة .Squalus megalops ShortnoseDescription: spurdog tip of the snout rounded. Large pouch at mouth corners Echinorhinus brucus Brambel shark of eye level. Short and wide pectoral fins. Two equals in size dorsal fins and with very small spines, مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark no anal fin. Caudal fin broad with apex truncate, peduncle without keels. Dark brown body. مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark Viviparous, litter up to 13-29 young, pups born about 27-31 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species in deep waters, especially the bathyal zone, from 150 to 3700 m.

Distribution: Atlantic especially from Morocco to Iceland. Present also in the Western

Mediterranean, probably absent in the Eastern.

111 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Dorsal fins without spines

Head flattened

Small keel

Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped© F. Garibaldi hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerhead َ ٔابو ِمط َرقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena SmoothSOMNIOSIDAE hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark كلب SOR – مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax VelveSomniosus belly rostratus, Little sleeper shark كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus LittleEN Little sleeper sleeper shark shark SP Tollo boreal FR Laimargue de la AR Méditerranée DD DD حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark Global Med كلب أبو listed عين Centrophorus granulosus GulperSPA/BD shark PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط Squalus acanthias Spotted spiny dogfish كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville Longnose spurdog قطاط بوشوكة (Squalus megalops ShortnoseSize: up to spurdog 143 cm in total length (TL Echinorhinus brucus BrambelDescription: shark rounded snout and short; two similar but not equal in size dorsal fins and without مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark spines, no anal fin. Caudal fin with short keels. Dark brown body. Luminescent pores along lateral مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark line. Viviparous, litter up to 6-9 young, pups born about 21-28 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species in deep waters, on outer continental shelves and on the zones of the upper slope, from 180 to 2200 m.

Distribution: Atlantic from the north to Madeira. Also distributed in the Western Mediterranean.

112 Sail shaped dorsal fins

Spine sloping forward

Angula underbelly

CHIMAERAS قرش قرش رمادي رمادي )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( CarcharhinusCarcharhinus plumbeus plumbeus SandbarSandbar shark shark قرش قرش نمر نمر GaleocerdoGaleocerdo cuvier cuvier TigerTiger shark shark قرش ٔازقرش رٔازق ر ق )كلب )كلب بحر( بحر( PrionacePrionace glauca glauca BlueBlue shark shark قرش قرشذو ذو خرطوم ُمقخرطوم ّ ر ُمنق ّر ن RhizoprionodonRhizoprionodon acutus acutus MilkMilk shark shark أبو أ ِمبوط َِمر َقطة َ ر َُقمةَخ َُّرممَخ َّرم SphyrnaSphyrna lewini lewini ScallopedScalloped hammerhead hammerhead أبو ِمأبوط َِمر َقطة َ ر َقة شائع شائع SphyrnaSphyrna mokarran mokarran Great© F. GreatSerena hammerhead hammerhead أبو ِمأبوط َِمر َقطة َ ر َقة صغير صغير العينين العينين SphyrnaSphyrna tudes tudes SmalleyeSmalleye hammerhead hammerhead ٔابو ٔا ِبموط َِمر َقطة َ ر َقة ناعم ناعم ) )قرش قرش بومطرقة( بومطرقة( SphyrnaSphyrna zygaena zygaena SmoothSmooth hammerhead hammerhead كوسج كوسج شراعي شراعي الزعنفة الزعنفة DalatiasDalatias licha licha KitefinOXYNOTIDAEKitefin shark shark كلب كلب OXY مخملي – مخملي البطن البطن EtmopterusEtmopterus spinax spinax VelveVelve belly belly Angular rough shark كلب كلب برتغالي برتغالي ,CentroscymnusCentroscymnus coelolepis coelolepis PortugueseOxynotusPortuguese dogfish dogfish centrina ِقر ِقشر راش ِق در ا ِقد صغير صغير SomniosusSomniosus rostratus rostratus LittleLittle sleeper sleeper shark shark حمار حمار البحر البحر ) )نعجة( نعجة ( OxynotusOxynotus centrina centrina AngularENAngularAngular rough rough shark sharkSP Cerdo FR Centrine AR rough shark marino commune VU CR كلب كلبأبو أبو عين عين CentrophorusCentrophorus granulosus granulosus GulperGulper shark shark ٙ ٙ Global Med كلب كلبأبو أبو شوكة ُم ٙشوكةر ّق ُم ٙطرGFCM/42/2018/2ّق ط :SqualusSqualus acanthias acanthias SpottedSPA/BDSpotted PROTOCOL: spiny spiny dogfish dogfish Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM كلب كلبأبو أبو شوكة ُم ٙأٙشوكةّن ُم ٙفأّٙن ف قطاط قطاط بوشوكة بوشوكة SqualusSqualus blainville blainville LongnoseLongnose spurdog spurdog قطاط قطاط بوشوكة بوشوكة SqualusSqualus megalops megalops ShortnoseShortnose spurdog spurdog EchinorhinusEchinorhinus brucus brucus BrambelSize:Brambel up to shark 150 shark cm in total length (TL) Two high مالك مالك .thick شوكي lipsشوكي ) )سفن with / سفن / small وقاص( وقاصSquatinaSquatina aculeata aculeata SawbackDescription:Sawback angelshark angelshark body with a triangular cross-section. Mouth )very

forward. Large مالك مالك شائع inclined شائع ) fin( isسفن سفن dorsalوقاص ( وقاص ( SquatinaSquatina squatina squatina AngelsharktriangularAngelshark dorsal fins with large spines. The spine of the first

and elongate vertical spiracles behind eyes. Dermal ridge between pelvic and pectoral fins bases.

Black or grey-brown with dark blotches on the body. Viviparous, litter up to 7-8 young, pups born

less then 25 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species on continental shelf and upper slope from 60 to 780 m.

Distribution: West Indian Ocean, east Atlantic from Norway to South Africa. It is found in the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea.

113 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Dorsal fins with spines

Subterminal notch

Brown body and green eye

أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes Smalleye© F. Serena hammerhead ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve CENTROPHORIDAEbelly GUP – كلب برتغاليCentroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish cf Gulper shark ِقرش را ِقد صغير ,Somniosus rostratus Little sleeperCentrophorus shark granulosus حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark كلب أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus GulperEN sharkGulper shark SP Quelvacho FR Squale-chagrin AR commun DD CR كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط Squalus acanthias Spotted spiny dogfish ٙ ٙ Global Med كلب أبو GFCM/42/2018/2 شوكة ُمأ ّن:GFCM ف listed قطاط Not بوشوكة:Squalus blainville LongnoseSPA/BD spurdog PROTOCOL: Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops Shortnose spurdog Echinorhinus brucus Brambel shark مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( (Squatina aculeata SawbackSize: angelshark up to 120 cm in total length (TL and pointed. Dorsal مالك شائع elongated )سفنfins وقاص( Squatina squatina AngelsharkDescription: short and thick snout. Inner corner of pectoral

fins with spines. Shallow notch in posterior caudal fin margin. First dorsal fin quite short and

lower than second. Dark greyish-brown, slightly lighter ventrally. Viviparous, litter up to 1-6 young,

pups born less then 30-42 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species on continental shelves and slopes from 50 to 1440 m.

Distribution: west Indian Ocean, widespread in the Mediterranean but not in the Black Sea.

Remarks: Taxonomy of the genus Centrophorus has been under debate, of which two species (C. uyato and C. granulosus) have been the focus.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

114 Dorsal fins with spines

1st dorsal fin origin behind posterior margin of pectoral fin

Lateral keel White spots on the back

قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark

RAYS قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark SHARKS CHIMAERAS أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerhead

ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena © SmoothS.P. Iglesias hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis SQUALIDAEPortuguese dogfish ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus SqualusLittle sleeper acanthias,shark Picked dogfish – DGS حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark كلب أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus Gulper shark كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط Squalus acanthias ENSpottedPicked dogfishspiny dogfishSP Mielga FR Aiguillat-chagrin AR commun VU EN كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville Longnose spurdog Global Med قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops SPA/BDShortnose PROTOCOL: spurdog Annex III CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Echinorhinus brucus Brambel shark مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( (Squatina squatina Size:Angelshark up to 200 cm in total length (TL Description: slender dogfish. Inner corner of pectoral fins rounded; origin of first dorsal spine

behind inner pectoral corner; second dorsal fin with spine and much smaller than first. White spots on upper surface of body slate grey, rarely brownish-grey; belly pale from grey to white. Viviparous, litter up to 1-32 young, pups born less then 18-33 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species on continental shelves and occasionally on the slopes from 10 to 700 m.

Distribution: worldwide, excluding the pole and tropical areas and north Pacific. Also in the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

Note: considered a commercial species throughout several parts of its distribution in the Mediterranean.

115 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Dorsal fins with long spines Caudal fins grey with Denticles (small dusky posterior 1st dorsal spine as tooth–like scale) in margins long as fin base the body with 3 cusps

Larger Lateral keel

Blunt tip

Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerhead ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha © F. SerenaKitefin shark كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus SQUALIDAELittle sleeper shark حمار البحر )QUB نعجة–( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark Longnose spurdog كلب أبو عين ,Centrophorus granulosus SqualusGulper shark blainville كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط Squalus acanthias Spotted spiny dogfish كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville EN LongnoseLongnose spurdogSP Galludo FR Aiguillat- coq AR DD DD قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops Shortnosespurdog spurdog Echinorhinus brucus SPA/BDBrambel PROTOCOL: shark Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark Size: 50 – 80 cm in total length, occasionally until 110 cm

Description: two dorsal fins with spines as long as fin base; anterior nasal flap with a small but distinct lobe. Inner corner of pectoral fin blunt; second dorsal fin smaller than first. Denticles tridentate. Dorsal surface from grey to grey-brown, ventral surface white, posterior edges of fins distinctly or slightly edged white. Viparous, with 3 to 4 pups per litter. Young born at about 23 cm TL.

Habitat: benthic species at intermediate depth, between 15 - 720 m.

Distribution: Mediterranean and Black Sea. Present also in South Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.

Remarks: taking into account the identification difficulties on board betweenSqualus blainville and Squalus megalops, we suggest to be identified as a single taxon corresponding toSqualus cf blainville.

116 First dorsal fin moderately high, with a moderately high spine

Denticles (small tooth–like scale) Narrow with 1 cusp

Caudal fins Lateral keel grey with white posterior Pectoral fins broad margins

Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip reef shark قرش ٔاسود )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark قرش رمادي )كلب بحر( Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark قرش نمر Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark قرش ٔازرق )كلب بحر( Prionace glauca Blue shark قرش ذو خرطوم ُمق ّرن Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk shark أبو ِمط َر َقة ُم َخ َّرم Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead © S.P. Iglesias RAYS أبو ِمط َر َقة شائع Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead SHARKS CHIMAERAS أبو ِمط َر َقة صغير العينين Sphyrna tudes Smalleye hammerhead ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus Little sleeper shark حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina AngularSQUALIDAE rough shark DOP كلب – أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus Gulper shark Shortnose spurdog كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط ,Squalus acanthias SpottedSqualus spiny dogfish megalops كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville Longnose spurdog قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops ShortnoseEN spurdogShortnose SP Galludo FR Aiguillat AR spurdog DD DD Echinorhinus brucus Brambel shark ñato nez court listed Global Med مالك Not شوكي :GFCM ) سفن / Not listed وقاص( :Squatina aculeata SawbackSPA/BD angelshark PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark

Size: less than 70 cm in total length (also 100 cm TL)

Description: short angular snout and a small mouth almost the length of the snout; 1st dorsal fin spine over pectoral fins. Denticles monodentate. Bronze-grey on the back, white below; dorsal fins with black tips and white edges. Viparous, with 2 to 4 pups in a litter. Size at birth 20-24 cm TL.

Habitat: found on the continental shelves and upper slopes generally on or near the bottom at depths from close inshore down to 732 m.

Distribution: Eastern Atlantic, western Indian Ocean, western Pacific to southern Australia. It has been reported from the western Mediterranean Sea, although its presence in this sea is considered questionable because confusion with congeners.

117 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Denticles on body large some fused into plates 1st dorsal fin 2nd dorsal fin origin behind origin over pelvic fin origin pelvic fin tip

ECHINORHINIDAE Echinorhinus brucus, Brambel shark – SHB

EN Brambel shark SP Tiburon de clavos FR Squale bouclé AR NA DD EN

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Not listed CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: Not listed Global Med

Size: up to 310 cm in total length (TL)

Description: snout ovate, tapering smoothly from eyes. Mouth semiluned. Spiracle well behind eye. Pectoral fins short; origin of the first dorsal fin over posterior portion of pelvic fin base; origin of the second dorsal fin over pelvic fin tips, slightly smaller than first dorsal; caudal fin falcate. Denticles irregularly spaced buckler-like dermal on the body that form flat shields, large ridged spines. Grey to brown, belly from light brown to white. Viviparous, litter up to 15-26 young, pups born less then 40-50 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species of temperate waters on continental shelves and slopes between 200 and 900 m of depth.

Distribution: Indo-west Pacific. It is distributed in the Mediterranean, but not in the Black Sea.

118 White ocelli Dermal denticles on midline of back 1st dorsal fin origin before pelvic fin rear

RAYS ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead SHARKS

CHIMAERAS كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus © iSea, Littlewww.isea.com.gr sleeper shark حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark كلب أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus Gulper shark كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط Squalus acanthias Spotted spiny dogfish SQUATINIDAE كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville Longnose spurdog قطاط SUA بوشوكة– Squalus megalops SquatinaShortnose spurdog aculeata, Sawback angelshark Echinorhinus brucus Brambel shark مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata EN Sawback angelsharkSP Angelote FR Ange de mer AR angelshark espinudo épineux CR CR مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina Angelshark

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Not listed GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med

Size: up to 190 cm in total length (TL)

Description: trunk relatively slender. Terminal mouth with anterior nasal barbels strongly fringed. Eyes and large spiracles dorsally. Gill slits at the sides and before of the head. Origin of first dorsal fin usually opposite pelvic rear tips or ahead; pectoral fins rather long, no anal fin. Large spines on the back along the median line from head to dorsal fins and between the fin bases. No ocelli on body, light brown spots. Viviparous, pups born less then 30-35 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species of the continental shelf and on uppermost of the slope. In the warm- temperate and tropical waters, at 30 - 500 m of depths.

Distribution: East Atlantic from Gibraltar to Namibia. Rare in the Mediterranean, absent in the Black Sea.

119 IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE SPECIES INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT IN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERIES

Some black spots on the fins and body 1st dorsal fin origin well behind the pelvic fin rear tip

SQUATINIDAE Squatina oculata, Smoothback angelshark – SUT

EN Smoothback SP Pez angel FR Ange de mer AR NA angelshark ocellé CR CR

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: II GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med

Size: up to 160 cm in total length (TL)

Description: trunk rather slender. Terminal mouth with anterior nasal barbels strongly fringed weakly bifurcated. Eyes and large spiracles dorsally. Gill slits at the sides and before of the head. Origin of first dorsal fin usually well behind free rear tips of pectoral fins, no anal fin. Large spines present on snout but usually absent from midback. No large brown ocelli, but prominent symmetrical white spots present on pectoral fins and on body. Viviparous, litter up to 3-8 young, pups born less then 23-27 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species of the continental shelf and on uppermost of the slope. In the warm- temperate and tropical waters, at 20 - 500 m of depths.

Distribution: East Atlantic from Gibraltar to Namibia. Rare in the Mediterranean, absent in the Black Sea.

120 1st dorsal fin origin in line with pelvic fin rear tip

ٔابو ِمط َر َقة ناعم )قرش بومطرقة( Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead كوسج شراعي الزعنفة Dalatias licha Kitefin shark RAYS

SHARKS كلب مخملي البطن Etmopterus spinax Velve belly CHIMAERAS كلب برتغالي Centroscymnus coelolepis Portuguese dogfish ِقرش را ِقد صغير Somniosus rostratus Little sleeper shark حمار البحر )نعجة( Oxynotus centrina Angular rough shark كلب أبو عين Centrophorus granulosus ©Gulper F. Garibaldi shark كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙرّٙقط Squalus acanthias Spotted spiny dogfish كلب أبو شوكة ُم ٙأّٙنف قطاط بوشوكة Squalus blainville Longnose spurdog SQUATINIDAE قطاط بوشوكة Squalus megalops Shortnose spurdog Echinorhinus brucus SquatinaBrambel shark squatina, Angelshark – AGN مالك شوكي )سفن / وقاص( Squatina aculeata Sawback angelshark مالك شائع )سفن وقاص( Squatina squatina ENAngelsharkAngelshark SP Angelote FR Ange de mer AR commun CR CR

SPA/BD PROTOCOL: Annex II CITES: Not listed CMS: Appendix II GFCM: GFCM/42/2018/2 Global Med

Size: up to 250 cm in total length (TL)

Description: trunk large. Terminal mouth with anterior nasal barbels simple and with a spatulate tip. Eyes and large spiracles dorsally. Gill slits at the sides and before of the head. 1st dorsal fin origin in line with pelvic fin rear tip, no anal fin. Patches of small spines on snout and above eyes. No ocelli on body. Grey to reddish or greenish brown. Viviparous, litter up to 7-25 young, pups born less then 24-30 cm in TL.

Habitat: demersal species of the continental shelf. In the warm-temperate and cold waters, at 5 - 150 m of depths.

Distribution: East Atlantic from Canary Islands to Southern North Sea. Rare in the Mediterranean, present also in the Black Sea.

121