DOCSLIB.ORG

White Shark Carcharodon Carcharias

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
White Shark Carcharodon Carcharias COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Atlantic population Pacific population in Canada ATLANTIC POPULATION – ENDANGERED PACIFIC POPULATION – DATA DEFICIENT 2006 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the White Shark Carcharodon carcharias (Atlantic and Pacific populations) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 31 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge R. Aidan Martin and Scott Wallace for writing the status report on the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, (Atlantic and Pacific populations) in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. The report was overseen and edited by Mart Gross and Paul Bentzen (Co-chairs, COSEWIC Marine Fishes Species Specialist Subcommittee). For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le requin blanc (Carcharodon carcharias) populations de l’Atlantique et du Pacifique au Canada. Cover illustration: White Shark — Provided by R. Aidan Martin. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2006 Catalogue No. CW69-14/507-2006E-PDF ISBN 0-662-43322-X Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – April 2006 Common name White shark – Atlantic population Scientific name Carcharodon carcharias Status Endangered Reason for designation The species is globally distributed in sub-tropical and temperate waters, but absent from cold polar waters; hence Atlantic and Pacific populations in Canada are isolated from each other and are considered separate designatable units. This very large apex predator is rare in most parts of its range, but particularly so in Canadian waters, which represent the northern fringe of its distribution. There are only 32 records over 132 years for Atlantic Canada. No abundance trend information is available for Atlantic Canada. Numbers have been estimated to have declined by about 80% over 14 years (less than one generation) in areas of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean outside of Canadian waters. The species is highly mobile, and individuals in Atlantic Canada are likely seasonal migrants belonging to a widespread Northwest Atlantic population; hence the status of the Atlantic Canadian population is considered to be the same as that of the broader population. Additional considerations include the long generation time (~23 years) and low reproductive rates (estimated gestation is 14 months and average fecundity is 7 live-born young) of this species, which limit its ability to withstand losses from increase in mortality rates. Bycatch in the pelagic long line fishery is considered to be the primary cause of increased mortality. Occurrence Atlantic Ocean Status history Designated Endangered in April 2006. Assessment based on a new status report. Assessment Summary – April 2006 Common name White shark – Pacific population Scientific name Carcharodon carcharias Status Data Deficient Reason for designation The species is globally distributed in sub-tropical and temperate waters, but absent from cold polar waters; hence Atlantic and Pacific populations in Canada are isolated from each other and are considered separate designatable units. This very large apex predator is rare in most parts of its range, but particularly so in Canadian waters, which represent the northern fringe of its distribution. There are only 14 records over 43 years for the Pacific coast of Canada. No abundance trend information is available for Pacific Canadian waters, or for adjacent waters in the United States that would permit a status designation. Occurrence Pacific Ocean Status history Species considered in April 2006 and placed in the Data Deficient category. Assessment based on a new status report. iii COSEWIC Executive Summary White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Species information The (great) white shark (Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)) is the only living species of this genus. In French it is called ‘grand requin blanc’. It is recognizable in the field by its conspicuously black iris and a sharp contrast between dorsal and ventral colouration changing from dark (grey or black) to white. Genetic evidence combined with satellite tracking information clearly shows that this species is wide- ranging. Gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific populations is likely restricted but population structure between hemispheres and ocean basins has not been investigated. There is no known genetic structure in Canadian populations. For the purpose of this report, Canada’s Atlantic and Pacific populations are treated as two separate designatable units. Distribution The white shark is widely distributed in sub-polar to tropical seas of both hemispheres, from 60°N to 60°S, but it is most frequently observed and captured in inshore temperate waters over the continental shelves of the western North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, southern Africa, southern Australia, New Zealand, and the eastern North Pacific. Worldwide, this species is rare but does occur with some predictability in certain areas. On both the Atlantic and Pacific coast of Canada, white sharks appear to occur sporadically, known from only 46 confirmed or probable records since 1874. White shark records from Pacific Canada consist almost exclusively of strandings on the leeward shores of the Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii) during late autumn and early winter months. Off Atlantic Canada, the white shark has been recorded from the Northeast Newfoundland Shelf, the Strait of Belle Isle, the St. Pierre Bank, Sable Island Bank, the Forchu Misaine Bank, in St. Margaret’s Bay, off Cape La Have, in Passamaquoddy Bay, in the Bay of Fundy, in the Northumberland Strait, and in the Laurentian Channel as far inland as the Portneuf River Estuary. Habitat The white shark occurs in both inshore and offshore waters, from the intertidal to the upper continental slope and mesopelagic zone. Known bathymetric range is from iv just below the surface to just above the bottom down to a depth of at least 1,280 m. It occurs in the breakers off sandy beaches, off rocky shores, and readily enters enclosed bays, lagoons, harbours, and estuaries, but does not penetrate brackish or fresh waters to any extent. Biology Reproductive mode is ovoviviparous. Gestation period is unknown, but may be about 14 months, inferred from the estimated gestation of the closely related shortfin mako. Litter size varies from 2 to 10 and possibly to 17 with an average of 7, with fecundity increasing with size of the female. Length at birth is assumed to be between 109 and 165 cm, with known length of the smallest free-swimming neonates 109 to 129 cm. Possible white shark pupping areas on the west and east coasts of North America include off southern California and the Mid-Atlantic Bight, respectively. Length of reproductive cycle in the white shark is unknown, but may be more than three years as post-partum females may take a year or more off between pregnancies to rebuild energy stores. Maximum lifetime reproductive output of a female white shark has been estimated to be 45 pups with pup survival considered to be low. Age and size at maturity in white sharks varies regionally. Males reach sexual maturity at an age of 8 to 10 years and a length of 3.5 to 4.1 m while females reach maturity at an age of 12 to 18 years and a length of 4 to 5 m. Longevity in this species is estimated to be 23-60 years. Generation time has been estimated at 23 years and natural mortality at 0.077 year–1 and 0.125 year–1. Intrinsic rate of population increase is estimated at 0.04-0.056. White sharks are an apex predator with a wide prey base feeding primarily on teleosts, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals, as well as cephalopods, other molluscs, decapods, marine birds, and reptiles. Biological information from Canadian waters is limited. Population sizes and trends There are no estimates of population size in Canadian waters or elsewhere in the world. The species is apparently rare in Canada with only 32 records in the Atlantic since 1874 (and only one in the last decade) and only 14 records since 1961 in the Pacific. Given the low encounter rate in commercial and recreational fisheries in Canada, abundance in Canada has likely always been much lower than in adjacent southern U.S. waters. White shark population trend information is unknown in North American waters. However, there are several locations throughout the world with documented declines in population. v Limiting factors and threats Humans are the most significant predators of white sharks, taking them as sport fish, commercial bycatch, and for international trade of their valuable body parts. In the Northwest Atlantic, white sharks are taken as bycatch by pelagic longlining operations. In Atlantic Canada there are only two records of white sharks captured in fishing gear since 1990. In Pacific Canada, there are no confirmed records of white sharks caught by fishing activities. Several stranded white sharks on the Queen Charlotte Islands had markings that may have resulted from fishing gear. The white shark’s tendency to investigate boats and other floating objects often brings them to the surface, where they can be easily hooked, shot, or harpooned. Special significance of the species The white shark is the quintessential shark species due to its large size, predatory nature and reputation for occasionally attacking humans. The celebrated cultural status of the white shark makes its jaws and teeth particularly sought-after as curios and its fins for Asian delicacies and traditional medicines.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Siege of Fort Beauséjour by Chris M. Hand Notes
    1 The Siege of Fort Beauséjour by Chris M. Hand Notes Early Conflict in Nova Scotia 1604-1749. By the end of the 1600’s the area was decidedly French. 1713 Treaty of Utrecht After nearly 25 years of continuous war, France ceded Acadia to Britain. French and English disagreed over what actually made up Acadia. The British claimed all of Acadia, the current province of New Brunswick and parts of the current state of Maine. The French conceded Nova Scotia proper but refused to concede what is now New Brunswick and northern Maine, as well as modern Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton. They also chose to limit British ownership along the Chignecto Isthmus and also harboured ambitions to win back the peninsula and most of the Acadian settlers who, after 1713, became subjects of the British Crown. The defacto frontier lay along the Chignecto Isthmus which separates the Bay of Fundy from the Northumberland Strait on the north. Without the Isthmus and the river system to the west, France’s greatest colony along the St. Lawrence River would be completely cut off from November to April. Chignecto was the halfway house between Quebec and Louisbourg. 1721 Paul Mascarene, British governor of Nova Scotia, suggested that a small fort could be built on the neck with a garrison of 150 men. a) one atthe ridge of land at the Acadian town of Beaubassin (now Fort Lawrence) or b) one more west on the more prominent Beauséjour ridge. This never happened because British were busy fighting Mi’kmaq who were incited and abetted by the French.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quest for Lobster Stock Boundaries in the Canadian
    NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR(S) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No. N615 NAFO SCR Doc. 82/IX/107 FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING - SEPTEMBER 1982 The Quest for Lobster Stoclg Boundaries in the Canadian Maritimes by A. Camp ell and R. K. Mohnl Invertebrates and Marine Plants Division Fisheries Research Branch, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Biological Station, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada EOG 2X0 P. O. Box 550, H lifax, N. S., Canada B3J 2S7 Abstract Historical and recent datO on lobsters (Homarus americanus) from the Canadian maritimes were examin4d for stock differences with the object of defining lobster population bot ndaries. Using pattern recognition techniques, historical lobster landings (1892-1981) from 32 areas resulted in grouping the landing trends into 7-8 areas. Examination of morphometrics data, landing trends, population parameters (growth and size at aturity), movement of tagged lobsters, and general surface currents that might indicate larval drift, suggested the following general lobster stock areas: Western maritimes which included the Bay of Fundy, inshore and possibly offshore) southwestner Nova Scotia (to Shelburne Co.), The Eastern Coast of Nova Scotia (Queens to Cape Breton Counties) which seems to be a transition zone f,r lobsters between the Gulf of Maine and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 3. Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence STOCK DISCRI INATION SYMPOSIUM Key words: Homarus americanus; lobsters; stocks; population dynamics; morphonietrics; landing statistics; electrophoresis; recruitment; tagging; movement. General Introduction Historically, there have been various debates amongst biologists, fishery managers, and fishermen as to the geographic discreteness of lobster (Homarus americanus) populations on the Atlantic Coast of North America (eg.
    [Show full text]
  • Luís M.D. Barcelos1, 2*, José M.N. Azevedo1, 3, Jürgen Pollerspöck4, and João P
    ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2018) 48 (2): 189–194 DOI: 10.3750/AIEP/02436 REVIEW OF THE RECORDS OF THE SMALLTOOTH SAND TIGER SHARK, ODONTASPIS FEROX (ELASMOBRANCHII: LAMNIFORMES: ODONTASPIDIDAE), IN THE AZORES Luís M.D. Barcelos1, 2*, José M.N. Azevedo1, 3, Jürgen Pollerspöck4, and João P. Barreiros1, 2 1Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal 2Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal 3Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal 4Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany Barcelos L.M.D., Azevedo J.M.N., Pollerspöck J., Barreiros J.P. 2018. Review of the records of the smalltooth sand tiger shark, Odontaspis ferox (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), in the Azores. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 48 (2): 189–194. Abstract. In recent years Azorean fishermen reported the presence of the smalltooth sand tiger shark,Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810), a very rare demersal shark species, associated with insular shelves and slopes, with occasional incursions into shallow waters and of poorly known biology and ecology. There are fourteen new records of this species, between 1996 and 2014, captured by spearfishing, harpoons, hand lines, or entangled in fishing gear in the Azores. These records were analysed and complemented with fishermen interviews, providing new locations and new biological data for this species. Also, specimens photographs were studied and post-mortem analysis were carefully carried out in one individual. This species is rare and captured only as bycatch in shallow waters. More detailed information on this species is critically needed in order to assess its conservation status and implement management guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great White Shark Quick Questions
    The Great White Shark Quick Questions 11 Great white sharks are the top of the ocean’s food chain. 1. Why do you think that the great white shark is at 22 They are the biggest fish on our planet which eat other the top of the ocean’s food chain? 32 fish and animals. They are known to live between thirty 45 and one hundred years old and can be found in all of the 55 world’s oceans, but they are mostly found in cool water 59 close to the coast. 2. Where are most great white sharks found? 69 Even though they are mostly grey, they get their name 78 from their white underbelly. The great white shark has 89 been known to grow up to six metres long and have 99 up to three hundred sharp teeth, in seven rows. Their 3. Find and copy the adjective that the author uses 109 amazing sense of smell allows them to hunt for prey, to describe the shark’s sense of smell. 119 such as seals, rays and small whales from miles away. 4. Number these facts from 1 to 3 to show the order they appear in the text. They live between thirty and one hundred years. They can grow up to six metres long. They have up to three hundred teeth. The Great White Shark Answers 11 Great white sharks are the top of the ocean’s food chain. 1. Why do you think that the great white shark is at 22 They are the biggest fish on our planet which eat other the top of the ocean’s food chain? 32 fish and animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Order LAMNIFORMES ODONTASPIDIDAE Sand Tiger Sharks Iagnostic Characters: Large Sharks
    click for previous page Lamniformes: Odontaspididae 419 Order LAMNIFORMES ODONTASPIDIDAE Sand tiger sharks iagnostic characters: Large sharks. Head with 5 medium-sized gill slits, all in front of pectoral-fin bases, Dtheir upper ends not extending onto dorsal surface of head; eyes small or moderately large, with- out nictitating eyelids; no nasal barbels or nasoral grooves; snout conical or moderately depressed, not blade-like;mouth very long and angular, extending well behind eyes when jaws are not protruded;lower labial furrows present at mouth corners; anterior teeth enlarged, with long, narrow, sharp-edged but unserrated cusps and small basal cusplets (absent in young of at least 1 species), the upper anteriors separated from the laterals by a gap and tiny intermediate teeth; gill arches without rakers; spiracles present but very small. Two moderately large high dorsal fins, the first dorsal fin originating well in advance of the pelvic fins, the second dorsal fin as large as or somewhat smaller than the first dorsal fin;anal fin as large as second dorsal fin or slightly smaller; caudal fin short, asymmetrical, with a strong subterminal notch and a short but well marked ventral lobe. Caudal peduncle not depressed, without keels; a deep upper precaudal pit present but no lower pit. Intestinal valve of ring type, with turns closely packed like a stack of washers. Colour: grey or grey-brown to blackish above, blackish to light grey or white, with round or oval dark spots and blotches vari- ably present on 2 species. high dorsal fins upper precaudal eyes without pit present nictitating eyelids intestinal valve of ring type Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Wide-ranging, tropical to cool-temperate sharks, found inshore and down to moderate depths on the edge of the continental shelves and around some oceanic islands, and in the open ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Great White Shark) on Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
    Prop. 11.48 Proposal to include Carcharodon carcharias (Great White Shark) on Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) A. PROPOSAL ..............................................................................................3 B. PROPONENT............................................................................................3 C. SUPPORTING STATEMENT....................................................................3 1. Taxonomy.........................................................................................................................3 1.1 Class.................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Order................................................................................................................................... 1.3 Family ................................................................................................................................. 1.4 Species ................................................................................................................................ 1.5 Scientific Synonyms............................................................................................................. 1.6 Common Names .................................................................................................................. 2. Biological Parameters......................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • The Denticle Surface of Thresher Shark Tails: Three-Dimensional Structure and Comparison to Other Pelagic Species
    Received: 3 April 2020 Revised: 14 May 2020 Accepted: 21 May 2020 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21222 RESEARCH ARTICLE The denticle surface of thresher shark tails: Three-dimensional structure and comparison to other pelagic species Meagan Popp1 | Connor F. White1 | Diego Bernal2 | Dylan K. Wainwright1 | George V. Lauder1 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Abstract Massachusetts Shark skin denticles (scales) are diverse in morphology both among species and 2 Department of Biology, University of across the body of single individuals, although the function of this diversity is poorly Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts understood. The extremely elongate and highly flexible tail of thresher sharks pro- vides an opportunity to characterize gradients in denticle surface characteristics Correspondence George V. Lauder, Museum of Comparative along the length of the tail and assess correlations between denticle morphology and Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA tail kinematics. We measured denticle morphology on the caudal fin of three mature 02138. Email: [email protected] and two embryo common thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus), and we compared thresher tail denticles to those of eleven other shark species. Using surface Funding information National Oceanic and Atmospheric profilometry, we quantified 3D-denticle patterning and texture along the tail of Administration, Grant/Award Number: threshers (27 regions in adults, and 16 regions in embryos). We report that tails of NA16NMF4270231; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Numbers: IOS- thresher embryos have a membrane that covers the denticles and reduces surface 1354593, GRF DGE-1144152; Office of Naval roughness. In mature thresher tails, surfaces have an average roughness of 5.6 μm Research, Grant/Award Numbers: N00014-09-1-0352, N000141410533 which is smoother than some other pelagic shark species, but similar in roughness to blacktip, porbeagle, and bonnethead shark tails.
    [Show full text]
  • East Bay Hills Wind Project Mi'kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study
    East Bay Hills Wind Project Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study Prepared for: Cape Breton Hydro Inc. December 2012 – Version 1 M.E.K.S. Project Team Jason Googoo, Project Manager Dave Moore, Author and Research Craig Hodder, Author and GIS Technician Mary Ellen Googoo, MEKS Interviewer John Sylliboy, MEKS Traditionalist Prepared by: Reviewed by: ___________________ ____________________ Craig Hodder, Author Jason Googoo, Manager Executive Summary This Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study, also commonly referred to as an MEKS or a Traditional Ecological Knowledge Study (TEKS), was developed by Membertou Geomatics Solutions (MGS) on behalf of Cape Breton Hydro Inc. (CBHI) for the proposed East Bay Hills Wind Power Project. This MEKS mandate is to consider land and water areas which the proposed project will utilize, and to identify what Mi’kmaq traditional use activities have occurred, or are currently occurring within, and what Mi’kmaq ecological knowledge presently exists in regards to the area. In order to ensure accountability and ethic responsibility of this MEKS, the MEKS development has adhered to the “Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge Protocol”. This protocol is a document that has been established by the Assembly of Nova Scotia Mi’kmaq Chiefs, which speaks to the process, procedures and results that are expected of a MEKS. The Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study consisted of two major components: • Mi’kmaq Traditional Land and Resource Use Activities , both past and present, • A Mi’kmaq Significance Species Analysis , considering the resources that are important to Mi’kmaq use. The Mi’kmaq Traditional Land and Resource Use Activities component utilized interviews as the key source of information regarding Mi’kmaq use in the Project Site and Study Area.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Structure and Biology of Shortfin Mako, Isurus Oxyrinchus, in the South-West Indian Ocean
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Marine and Freshwater Research http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF13341 Population structure and biology of shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the south-west Indian Ocean J. C. GroeneveldA,E, G. Cliff B, S. F. J. DudleyC, A. J. FoulisA, J. SantosD and S. P. WintnerB AOceanographic Research Institute, PO Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, Durban, South Africa. BKwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Private Bag 2, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, South Africa. CFisheries Management, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, South Africa. DNorwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway. ECorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. The population structure, reproductive biology, age and growth, and diet of shortfin makos caught by pelagic longliners (2005–10) and bather protection nets (1978–2010) in the south-west Indian Ocean were investigated. The mean fork length (FL) of makos measured by observers on longliners targeting tuna, swordfish and sharks was similar, and decreased from east to west, with the smallest individuals occurring near the Agulhas Bank edge, June to November. Nearly all makos caught by longliners were immature, with equal sex ratio. Makos caught by bather protection nets were significantly larger, males were more frequent, and 93% of males and 55% of females were mature. Age was assessed from band counts of sectioned vertebrae, and a von Bertalanffy growth model fitted to sex-pooled length-at-age data predicted a À1 birth size (L0) of 90 cm, maximum FL (LN) of 285 cm and growth coefficient (k) of 0.113 y .
    [Show full text]
  • Porbeagle Shark Lamna Nasus
    Porbeagle Shark Lamna nasus Lateral View (♀) Ventral View (♀) COMMON NAMES APPEARANCE Porbeagle Shark, Atlantic Mackerel Shark, Blue Dog, Bottle-nosed • Heavily built but streamlined mackerel shark. Shark, Beaumaris Shark, Requin-Taupe Commun (Fr), Marrajo • Moderately long conical snout with a relatively large eyes. Sardinero (Es), Tiburón Sardinero (Es), Tintorera (Es). • Large first dorsal fin with a conspicuous white free rear tip. SYNONYMS • Second dorsal fin and anal fin equal-sized and set together. Squalus glaucus (Gunnerus, 1758), Squalus cornubicus (Gmelin, 1789), • Lunate caudal fin with strong keel and small secondary keel. Squalus pennanti (Walbaum, 1792), Lamna pennanti (Desvaux, 1851), Squalus monensis (Shaw, 1804), Squalus cornubiensis (Pennant, 1812), • Dorsally dark blue to grey with no patterning. Squalus selanonus (Walker, 1818), Selanonius walkeri (Fleming, 1828), • Ventrally white. Lamna punctata (Storer, 1839), Oxyrhina daekyi (Gill, 1862), Lamna • Maximum length of 365cm, though rarely to this size. NE MED ATL philippi (Perez Canto, 1886), Lamna whitleyi (Phillipps, 1935). DISTRIBUTION The Porbeagle Shark is a large, streamlined mackerel shark with a In the northern conical snout and powerful body. The first dorsal fin is large and hemisphere, the originates above or slightly behind the pectoral fins. It has a free rear Porbeagle Shark tip which is white. The second dorsal fin is tiny and is set above the occurs only in the anal fin, to which it is comparable in size. The caudal fin is strong and North Atlantic and lunate with a small terminal notch. The caudal keel is strong and, Mediterranean, uniquely for the northeast Atlantic, a smaller secondary caudal keel is whilst in the present.
    [Show full text]
  • 8Th MEETING of the SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE New Zealand, 3 to 8 October 2020
    th 8 MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE New Zealand, 3 to 8 October 2020 SC8-DW14 Interactions with marine mammals, seabirds, reptiles, other species of concern New Zealand PO Box 3797, Wellington 6140, New Zealand P: +64 4 499 9889 – F: +64 4 473 9579 – E: [email protected] www.sprfmo.int SC8-DW14 South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation 8th Meeting of the Scientific Committee Online meeting hosted by New Zealand, 3–8 October 2020 Interactions with marine mammals, seabirds, reptiles (turtles), and other species of concern in bottom fisheries to 2019 Martin Cryer1, Igor Debski2, Shane W. Geange2, Tiffany D. Bock3, Marco Milardi3 3 September 2020 1. Fisheries New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Nelson, New Zealand 2. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand 3. Fisheries New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand 1 SC8-DW14 Contents 1. Purpose of paper ............................................................................................................. 3 2. Requirements of CMM-03-2020 and CMM-02-2020 ....................................................... 3 3. Reported interactions ..................................................................................................... 3 4. Discussion of seabird interactions ................................................................................... 5 5. Processes for verifying records and updating databases ................................................. 6 6. Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MD Shark Catch Card
    Live Releases Dead Releases TODAY’S DATE: DATE: TODAY’S MM Write the # of sharks released alive in the Live Releases Box and the # released dead Maryland Shark in the Dead Release Box. DD Catch Card YYYY Today’s Date: MM DD YYYY Species (see reverse for list): If you cannot ID, you MUST release it Shark TAG #: Shark TAG HMS PERMIT #: Was this fish caught during a tournament? Yes / No Tournament Name: Fork Length Tagging Location Reporting Station: *Measurement Description Shark Tag #: * Measure in a straight line from the tip of the (Obtain at Reporting Station) Sex (circle one): M / F snout to the fork of the tail. *Fork Length (inches): **Weight (lbs) ** Scale weight ONLY. Do not record estimated weight. Complete this section if fishing from a vessel: NOTE: Most sharks landed in Maryland must have Vessel Name: a LANDING TAG affixed before removal from the vessel. Tags are available at all SHARK REPORTING STATIONS. To obtain a LANDING TAG, captains or Registration # (State ID): operators of the permitted vessel, or licensed angler if fishing from shore, must complete and submit a Permit Holders Name: catch card for every shark landed. For a complete Atlantic HMS list of sharks that you must report, please see the Permit #: reverse side of this card. Trip Type: Charter / Private / Headboat This information collected is approved under OMB (Circle One) Control # 0648-0328 and expires on 07/31/2019 Live Releases Dead Releases TODAY’S DATE: DATE: TODAY’S MM Write the # of sharks released alive in the Live Releases Box and the # released dead Maryland Shark in the Dead Release Box.
    [Show full text]