Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous Fishes Superclass Gnathostomata
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Chapter 11 the Biology and Ecology of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus Longimanus
Chapter 11 The Biology and Ecology of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus longimanus Ramón Bonfi l, Shelley Clarke and Hideki Nakano Abstract The oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) is a common circumtropical preda- tor and is taken as bycatch in many oceanic fi sheries. This summary of its life history, dis- tribution and abundance, and fi shery-related information is supplemented with unpublished data taken during Japanese tuna research operations in the Pacifi c Ocean. Oceanic whitetips are moderately slow-growing sharks that do not appear to have differential growth rates by sex, and individuals in the Atlantic and Pacifi c Oceans seem to grow at similar rates. They reach sexual maturity at approximately 170–200 cm total length (TL), or 4–7 years of age, and have a 9- to 12-month embryonic development period. Pupping and nursery areas are thought to exist in the central Pacifi c, between 0ºN and 15ºN. According to two demographic metrics, the resilience of C. longimanus to fi shery exploitation is similar to that of blue and shortfi n mako sharks. Nevertheless, reported oceanic whitetip shark catches in several major longline fi sheries represent only a small fraction of total shark catches, and studies in the Northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico suggest that this species has suffered signifi cant declines in abundance. Stock assessment has been severely hampered by the lack of species-specifi c catch data in most fi sheries, but recent implementation of species-based reporting by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and some of its member countries will provide better data for quantitative assessment. -
Symmoriiform Sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska
Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 68 (2018), No. 3, pp. 391–401 DOI: 10.1515/agp-2018-0009 Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska MICHAŁ GINTER University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Ginter, M. 2018. Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska. Acta Geologica Polonica, 68 (3), 391–401. Warszawa. The Indian Cave Sandstone (Upper Pennsylvanian, Gzhelian) from the area of Peru, Nebraska, USA, has yielded numerous isolated chondrichthyan remains and among them teeth and dermal denticles of the Symmoriiformes Zangerl, 1981. Two tooth-based taxa were identified: a falcatid Denaea saltsmani Ginter and Hansen, 2010, and a new species of Stethacanthus Newberry, 1889, S. concavus sp. nov. In addition, there occur a few long, monocuspid tooth-like denticles, similar to those observed in Cobelodus Zangerl, 1973, probably represent- ing the head cover or the spine-brush complex. A review of the available information on the fossil record of Symmoriiformes has revealed that the group existed from the Late Devonian (Famennian) till the end of the Middle Permian (Capitanian). Key words: Symmoriiformes; Microfossils; Carboniferous; Indian Cave Sandstone; USA Midcontinent. INTRODUCTION size and shape is concerned [compare the thick me- dian cusp, almost a centimetre long, in Stethacanthus The Symmoriiformes (Symmoriida sensu Zan- neilsoni (Traquair, 1898), and the minute, 0.5 mm gerl 1981) are a group of Palaeozoic cladodont sharks wide, multicuspid, comb-like tooth of Denaea wangi sharing several common characters: relatively short Wang, Jin and Wang, 2004; Ginter et al. 2010, figs skulls, large eyes, terminal mouth, epicercal but ex- 58A–C and 61, respectively]. -
Sharks from the Middle-Late Devonian Aztec Siltstone, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica
Records of the Western Australian Museum 17: 287-308 (1995). Sharks from the Middle-Late Devonian Aztec Siltstone, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica John A. Longl and Gavin C. Young2 I Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000 2 Australian Geological Survey Organisation, p.a. Box 378, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601 Abstract Shark teeth representing three new taxa are described from the Middle-Late Devonian Aztec Siltstone of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Portalodus bradshawae gen. et sp. novo is represented by large diplodont teeth which have a base with a well-produced labial platform. It occurs in the middle to upper sections of the Aztec Siltstone. Aztecodus harmsenae gen. et sp. novo is represented by broad bicuspid teeth, wider than high, with numerous medial crenulations and twin nutritive foramina penetrating the rectangular base. It occurs in the middle sections of the Aztec Siltstone. The teeth of Anareodus statei gen. et sp. novo are characterised by having a main cusp which is more than twice as high as the second cusp, a small cusplet developed on the outer cutting edge of the main cusp, sometimes with few crenulations developed in the middle of the two cusps, and the base is strongly concave. Antarctilanma cf. prisca Young, 1982 is also recorded from the middle and upper sections of the Aztec Siltstone above the thelodont horizons and occurring with phyllolepids and Pambulaspis in the Cook Mountains section south of Mt Hughes. The chondrichthyan fauna from the Aztec Siltstone now contains at least 5 species, being the most diverse assemblage of Middle Devonian chondrichthyans (based on teeth) from one stratigraphic unit. -
Sharks in Crisis: a Call to Action for the Mediterranean
REPORT 2019 SHARKS IN CRISIS: A CALL TO ACTION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN WWF Sharks in the Mediterranean 2019 | 1 fp SECTION 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Written and edited by WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative / Evan Jeffries (www.swim2birds.co.uk), based on data contained in: Bartolí, A., Polti, S., Niedermüller, S.K. & García, R. 2018. Sharks in the Mediterranean: A review of the literature on the current state of scientific knowledge, conservation measures and management policies and instruments. Design by Catherine Perry (www.swim2birds.co.uk) Front cover photo: Blue shark (Prionace glauca) © Joost van Uffelen / WWF References and sources are available online at www.wwfmmi.org Published in July 2019 by WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative as the copyright owner. © Text 2019 WWF. All rights reserved. Our thanks go to the following people for their invaluable comments and contributions to this report: Fabrizio Serena, Monica Barone, Adi Barash (M.E.C.O.), Ioannis Giovos (iSea), Pamela Mason (SharkLab Malta), Ali Hood (Sharktrust), Matthieu Lapinksi (AILERONS association), Sandrine Polti, Alex Bartoli, Raul Garcia, Alessandro Buzzi, Giulia Prato, Jose Luis Garcia Varas, Ayse Oruc, Danijel Kanski, Antigoni Foutsi, Théa Jacob, Sofiane Mahjoub, Sarah Fagnani, Heike Zidowitz, Philipp Kanstinger, Andy Cornish and Marco Costantini. Special acknowledgements go to WWF-Spain for funding this report. KEY CONTACTS Giuseppe Di Carlo Director WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative Email: [email protected] Simone Niedermueller Mediterranean Shark expert Email: [email protected] Stefania Campogianni Communications manager WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative Email: [email protected] WWF is one of the world’s largest and most respected independent conservation organizations, with more than 5 million supporters and a global network active in over 100 countries. -
Beringraja Binoculata) and Longnose Skate (Raja Rhina)
Bomb Dating and Age Estimates of Big Skate (Beringraja binoculata) and Longnose Skate (Raja rhina) Jacquelynne King, Fisheries and Oceans Canada David Ebert, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Craig Kastelle, Alaska Fisheries Science Center Thomas Helser, Alaska Fisheries Science Center Christopher Gburski, Alaska Fisheries Science Center Gregor Cailliet, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories ABSTRACT MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS Age and growth curve estimates have been produced for big skate Bomb radiocarbon analyses Big skate (Beringraja binoculata [formerly Raja binoculata]) and longnose skate 1. Big skate (n=12) and longnose skate (n=33) vertebrae were collected • the estimated birth years ranged from 1965-1970 (Raja rhina) populations in the Gulf of Alaska, British Columbia and during the early 1980s off California. These fishes were estimated to • there were no low ∆14C values for big skate California. Age estimation for these two skate species relies on growth be alive during the atmospheric testing of atomic bombs which resulted Longnose skate band counts of sectioned vertebrae. However these studies have not in the rapid increase in oceanic radiocarbon (14C). • the ∆14C values for longnose skate overlapped with mid to top portion of the produced similar results for either species, highlighting the need for age 2. Vertebrae where thin (0.7-1.0 mm) sectioned and mounted on ∆14C reference curve for Petrale sole (Fig. 3) validation. Archived large specimens of big skate and longnose skate microscope slides. • these skate were not as old as originally estimated but there were early collected in 1980 and 1981 had minimum age estimates old enough to 3. Ages were estimated based on vertebral band counts (Fig. -
Chondrichthyan Fishes (Sharks, Skates, Rays) Announcements
Chondrichthyan Fishes (sharks, skates, rays) Announcements 1. Please review the syllabus for reading and lab information! 2. Please do the readings: for this week posted now. 3. Lab sections: 4. i) Dylan Wainwright, Thursday 2 - 4/5 pm ii) Kelsey Lucas, Friday 2 - 4/5 pm iii) Labs are in the Northwest Building basement (room B141) 4. Lab sections done: first lab this week on Thursday! 5. First lab reading: Agassiz fish story; lab will be a bit shorter 6. Office hours: we’ll set these later this week Please use the course web site: note the various modules Outline Lecture outline: -- Intro. to chondrichthyan phylogeny -- 6 key chondrichthyan defining traits (synapomorphies) -- 3 chondrichthyan behaviors -- Focus on several major groups and selected especially interesting ones 1) Holocephalans (chimaeras or ratfishes) 2) Elasmobranchii (sharks, skates, rays) 3) Batoids (skates, rays, and sawfish) 4) Sharks – several interesting groups Not remotely possible to discuss today all the interesting groups! Vertebrate tree – key ―fish‖ groups Today Chondrichthyan Fishes sharks Overview: 1. Mostly marine 2. ~ 1,200 species 518 species of sharks 650 species of rays 38 species of chimaeras Skates and rays 3. ~ 3 % of all ―fishes‖ 4. Internal skeleton made of cartilage 5. Three major groups 6. Tremendous diversity of behavior and structure and function Chimaeras Chondrichthyan Fishes: 6 key traits Synapomorphy 1: dentition; tooth replacement pattern • Teeth are not fused to jaws • New rows move up to replace old/lost teeth • Chondrichthyan teeth are -
ESS 345 Ichthyology
ESS 345 Ichthyology Evolutionary history of fishes 12 Feb 2019 (Who’s birthday?) Quote of the Day: We must, however, acknowledge, as it seems to me, that man with all his noble qualities... still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin._______, (1809-1882) Evolution/radiation of fishes over time Era Cenozoic Fig 13.1 Fishes are the most primitive vertebrate and last common ancestor to all vertebrates They start the branch from all other living things with vertebrae and a cranium Chordata Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Pharyngeal gill slits Postanal tail Urochordata Cephalochordata Craniates (mostly Vertebrata) Phylum Chordata sister is… Echinodermata Synapomorphy – They are deuterostomes Fish Evolutionary Tree – evolutionary innovations in vertebrate history Sarcopterygii Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii (fish) For extant fishes Osteichthyes Gnathostomata Handout Vertebrata Craniata Figure only from Berkeley.edu Hypothesis of fish (vert) origins Background 570 MYA – first large radiation of multicellular life – Fossils of the Burgess Shale – Called the Cambrian explosion Garstang Hypothesis 1928 Neoteny of sessile invertebrates Mistake that was “good” Mudpuppy First Vertebrates Vertebrates appear shortly after Cambrian explosion, 530 MYA – Conodonts Notochord replaced by segmented or partially segmented vertebrate and brain is enclosed in cranium Phylogenetic tree Echinoderms, et al. Other “inverts” Vertebrate phyla X Protostomes Deuterostomes Nephrozoa – bilateral animals First fishes were jawless appearing -
An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved. -
Stomach Content Analysis of Short-Finned Pilot Whales
f MARCH 1986 STOMACH CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALES h (Globicephala macrorhynchus) AND NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS (Mirounga angustirostris) FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT by Elizabeth S. Hacker ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT LJ-86-08C f This Administrative Report is issued as an informal document to ensure prompt dissemination of preliminary results, interim reports and special studies. We recommend that it not be abstracted or cited. STOMACH CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALES (GLOBICEPHALA MACRORHYNCHUS) AND NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS (MIROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS) FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT Elizabeth S. Hacker College of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 March 1986 S H i I , LIBRARY >66 MAR 0 2 2007 ‘ National uooarac & Atmospheric Administration U.S. Dept, of Commerce This report was prepared by Elizabeth S. Hacker under contract No. 84-ABA-02592 for the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center, La Jolla, California. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Charles W. Oliver of the Southwest Fisheries Center served as Contract Officer's Technical Representative for this contract. ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT LJ-86-08C CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION.................. 1 METHODS....................... 2 Sample Collection........ 2 Sample Identification.... 2 Sample Analysis.......... 3 RESULTS....................... 3 Globicephala macrorhynchus 3 Mirounga angustirostris... 4 DISCUSSION.................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............. 11 REFERENCES.............. 12 i LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 Collection data for Globicephala macrorhynchus examined from the Southern California Bight........ 19 2 Collection data for Mirounga angustirostris examined from the Southern California Bight........ 20 3 Stomach contents of Globicephala macrorhynchus examined from the Southern California Bight....... -
1 a Petition to List the Oceanic Whitetip Shark
A Petition to List the Oceanic Whitetip Shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) as an Endangered, or Alternatively as a Threatened, Species Pursuant to the Endangered Species Act and for the Concurrent Designation of Critical Habitat Oceanic whitetip shark (used with permission from Andy Murch/Elasmodiver.com). Submitted to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce acting through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service September 21, 2015 By: Defenders of Wildlife1 535 16th Street, Suite 310 Denver, CO 80202 Phone: (720) 943-0471 (720) 942-0457 [email protected] [email protected] 1 Defenders of Wildlife would like to thank Courtney McVean, a law student at the University of Denver, Sturm college of Law, for her substantial research and work preparing this Petition. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 4 II. GOVERNING PROVISIONS OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT ............................................. 5 A. Species and Distinct Population Segments ....................................................................... 5 B. Significant Portion of the Species’ Range ......................................................................... 6 C. Listing Factors ....................................................................................................................... 7 D. 90-Day and 12-Month Findings ........................................................................................ -
Evolutionary Relations of Hexanchiformes Deep-Sea Sharks Elucidated by Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 147064, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/147064 Research Article Evolutionary Relations of Hexanchiformes Deep-Sea Sharks Elucidated by Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences Keiko Tanaka,1 Takashi Shiina,1 Taketeru Tomita,2 Shingo Suzuki,1 Kazuyoshi Hosomichi,3 Kazumi Sano,4 Hiroyuki Doi,5 Azumi Kono,1 Tomoyoshi Komiyama,6 Hidetoshi Inoko,1 Jerzy K. Kulski,1,7 and Sho Tanaka8 1 Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan 2 Fisheries Science Center, The Hokkaido University Museum, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan 3 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan 4 Division of Science Interpreter Training, Komaba Organization for Education Excellence College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan 5 Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum, 6-1 Arcaport, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0036, Japan 6 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Basic Clinical Science and Public Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan 7 Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6008, Australia 8 Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Takashi Shiina; [email protected] Received 1 March 2013; Accepted 26 July 2013 Academic Editor: Dietmar Quandt Copyright © 2013 Keiko Tanaka et al. -
Learn About Sharks: Become a Marine Biologist Why We 3D Scan&Print
Learn about sharks: Become a Marine Biologist Why we 3D Scan&Print ● Anatomy ● Software Engineering ● Materials Science Read below about 8 different species of shark Bullhead Shark ����� → ������������� ����� ������ ���� → bullhead sharks and horn sharks ������ ������� → ������ ����� , ��� ����� , ������ ����� → ������� → ������� ���� → bullhead sharks and horn sharks ������ �� ������� →1 ����� → �������� ������ ��� ���� ������ ������ ������ → ������������� ����� ������ → ��������� ��������� ���� → Heterodontiformes ������� ���� → ������ ������ , ������������ ������ , �������� ������ , ������ ������ , �������� , ��������� , ������� ����� �������� ��� ����������� , ������ ������ , ����� ������ , �������� ���� ������������ → ���� ������ ��������� ����� → ������ ��������� �������� → ������� , ��������� , ������������� ����� , �������� ������ ��� ���� ������ segmentedspiny worms-headed worms arthropods lamp shells kinorhynchs, loriciferans, priapulans arrow worms cnidarians comb jellies cycliophorans salps lobereptiles-finned fishes hagfishes echinoderms mammals chimaeras amphioxus and lancelets spoon worms jawless fishes birds bryozoans sea squirts appendicularians goblet worms amphibians ray-finned fishes chordates gastrotrichs electric rays animals jaw worms angel sharks acorn worms, pterobranchs and graptolites dogfish sharks cartilaginous fishes mesozoans skates, rays, sawfishes and guitarfishes molluscs sawsharks myxozoans sawfishes roundworms carpet sharks ribbon worms mackerel sharks Entity[Species, Phylum:Onychopora] hexanchiform