The Conservation Status of Pelagic Sharks and Rays
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NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-626
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-626 RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF SMALLTOOTH SAWFISH (Pristis pectinata) BASED ON THE EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK CREEL SURVEY BY JOHN K. CARLSON and JASON OSBORNE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center Panama City Laboratory 3500 Delwood Beach Rd. Panama City, FL 32408 February 2012 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-626 RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF SMALLTOOTH SAWFISH (Pristis pectinata) BASED ON THE EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK CREEL SURVEY BY JOHN K. CARLSONa, and JASON OSBORNEb aNational Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center 3500 Delwood Beach Road Panama City, FL 32408 bNational Park Service South Florida Natural Resource Center 40001 State Road 9336 Homestead, FL, 33034 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Rebecca M. Blank, Acting Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Jane Lubchenco, Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Eric Schwaab, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries February 2012 This Technical Memorandum series is used for documentation and timely communication of preliminary results, interim reports, or similar special-purpose information. Although the memoranda are not subject to complete formal review, editorial control, or detailed editing, they are expected to reflect sound professional work. NOTICE The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recommend or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS or to this publication furnished by NMFS in any advertising or sales promotion which would imply that NMFS approves, recommends, or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein which has as its purpose any intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. -
Chapter 11 the Biology and Ecology of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus Longimanus
Chapter 11 The Biology and Ecology of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus longimanus Ramón Bonfi l, Shelley Clarke and Hideki Nakano Abstract The oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) is a common circumtropical preda- tor and is taken as bycatch in many oceanic fi sheries. This summary of its life history, dis- tribution and abundance, and fi shery-related information is supplemented with unpublished data taken during Japanese tuna research operations in the Pacifi c Ocean. Oceanic whitetips are moderately slow-growing sharks that do not appear to have differential growth rates by sex, and individuals in the Atlantic and Pacifi c Oceans seem to grow at similar rates. They reach sexual maturity at approximately 170–200 cm total length (TL), or 4–7 years of age, and have a 9- to 12-month embryonic development period. Pupping and nursery areas are thought to exist in the central Pacifi c, between 0ºN and 15ºN. According to two demographic metrics, the resilience of C. longimanus to fi shery exploitation is similar to that of blue and shortfi n mako sharks. Nevertheless, reported oceanic whitetip shark catches in several major longline fi sheries represent only a small fraction of total shark catches, and studies in the Northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico suggest that this species has suffered signifi cant declines in abundance. Stock assessment has been severely hampered by the lack of species-specifi c catch data in most fi sheries, but recent implementation of species-based reporting by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and some of its member countries will provide better data for quantitative assessment. -
Sharks in Crisis: a Call to Action for the Mediterranean
REPORT 2019 SHARKS IN CRISIS: A CALL TO ACTION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN WWF Sharks in the Mediterranean 2019 | 1 fp SECTION 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Written and edited by WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative / Evan Jeffries (www.swim2birds.co.uk), based on data contained in: Bartolí, A., Polti, S., Niedermüller, S.K. & García, R. 2018. Sharks in the Mediterranean: A review of the literature on the current state of scientific knowledge, conservation measures and management policies and instruments. Design by Catherine Perry (www.swim2birds.co.uk) Front cover photo: Blue shark (Prionace glauca) © Joost van Uffelen / WWF References and sources are available online at www.wwfmmi.org Published in July 2019 by WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative as the copyright owner. © Text 2019 WWF. All rights reserved. Our thanks go to the following people for their invaluable comments and contributions to this report: Fabrizio Serena, Monica Barone, Adi Barash (M.E.C.O.), Ioannis Giovos (iSea), Pamela Mason (SharkLab Malta), Ali Hood (Sharktrust), Matthieu Lapinksi (AILERONS association), Sandrine Polti, Alex Bartoli, Raul Garcia, Alessandro Buzzi, Giulia Prato, Jose Luis Garcia Varas, Ayse Oruc, Danijel Kanski, Antigoni Foutsi, Théa Jacob, Sofiane Mahjoub, Sarah Fagnani, Heike Zidowitz, Philipp Kanstinger, Andy Cornish and Marco Costantini. Special acknowledgements go to WWF-Spain for funding this report. KEY CONTACTS Giuseppe Di Carlo Director WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative Email: [email protected] Simone Niedermueller Mediterranean Shark expert Email: [email protected] Stefania Campogianni Communications manager WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative Email: [email protected] WWF is one of the world’s largest and most respected independent conservation organizations, with more than 5 million supporters and a global network active in over 100 countries. -
Bignose Shark, Carcharhinus Altimus
Published Date: 1 March 2019 Bignose Shark, Carcharhinus altimus Report Card Sustainable assessment IUCN Red List IUCN Red List Australian Least Concern Global Data Deficient Assessment Assessment Pillans, R.D., Amorim, A.F., Mancini, P.L., Gonzalez, M., Anderson, C.V. Assessors & Morgan, D.L. Report Card Remarks Not commercially harvested in Australia Summary The Bignose Shark is a large bodied shark with a likely circumglobal distribution. It inhabits continental shelf edges throughout tropical and temperate marine waters. It is not targeted by fisheries, however it is Source: CSIRO National Fish Collection. Licence: CC By Attribution taken as bycatch in longline, trawl and gillnet fisheries in much of its distribution. It is mistaken for the Sandbar Shark (C. plumbeus) and therefore, little information on population trends have been recorded. Declines in abundance have been reported in the Northwest Atlantic, Maldives and Southeast Asia, causing concern for the status of this species in these regions. In Australia, the Bignose Shark is not commercially targeted and rarely caught. Therefore, globally the Bignose Shark is Data Deficient (IUCN) and within Australia is assessed as Least Concern (IUCN) and Sustainable (SAFS). Distribution The Bignose Shark is circumglobally distributed throughout tropical and temperate waters however, records are discontinuous (Compagno 1984, Anderson and Stevens 1996, Last and Stevens, 2009). It has been recorded throughout the Central Atlantic Ocean (United States, Cuba, Brazil), Mediterranean Sea, the Indian Ocean (South Africa, India, Red Sea, Sri Lanka) and Northwest Pacific Ocean (China, Thailand, Mexico, California, Peru) (Compagno 1984, Anderson and Stevens 1996, Last and Stevens, 2009). Within Australia it is found in from Cape Leeuwin (Western Australia) north and east to northern New South Wales (Last and Stevens 2009). -
Diurnal Patterns in Gulf of Mexico Epipelagic Predator Interactions with Pelagic Longline Gear: Implications for Target Species Catch Rates and Bycatch Mitigation
Bull Mar Sci. 93(2):573–589. 2017 research paper https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2016.1008 Diurnal patterns in Gulf of Mexico epipelagic predator interactions with pelagic longline gear: implications for target species catch rates and bycatch mitigation 1 National Marine Fisheries Eric S Orbesen 1 * Service, Southeast Fisheries 1 Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Derke Snodgrass 2 Drive, Miami, Florida 33149. Geoffrey S Shideler 1 2 University of Miami, Rosenstiel Craig A Brown School of Marine & Atmospheric John F Walter 1 Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149. * Corresponding author email: <[email protected]>. ABSTRACT.—Bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries is of substantial international concern, and the mitigation of bycatch in the Gulf of Mexico has been considered as an option to help restore lost biomass following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The most effective bycatch mitigation measures operate upon a differential response between target and bycatch species, ideally maintaining target catch while minimizing bycatch. We investigated whether bycatch vs target catch rates varied between day and night sets for the United States pelagic longline fishery in the Gulf of Mexico by comparing the influence of diel time period and moon illumination on catch rates of 18 commonly caught species/species groups. A generalized linear model approach was used to account for operational and environmental covariates, including: year, season, water temperature, hook type, bait, and maximum hook depth. Time of day or moon -
An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved. -
Marine-Life Data and Analysis Team (Mdat) Technical Report on the Methods and Development of Marine-Life Data to Support Regional Ocean Planning and Management
MARINE-LIFE DATA AND ANALYSIS TEAM (MDAT) TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE-LIFE DATA TO SUPPORT REGIONAL OCEAN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT PBS.org NEFSC Andreas Trepte, www.photo-natur.de Authors: Corrie Curtice, Jesse Cleary, Emily Shumchenia, Patrick Halpin Prepared on behalf of The Marine-life Data and Analysis Team (MDAT): Patrick Halpin (Principal Investigator, Duke University), Earvin Balderama (Co-I, Loyola University Chicago), Jesse Cleary (Duke University), Corrie Curtice (Duke University), Michael Fogarty (Co-I, NOAA/NEFSC), Brian Kinlan† (NOAA/NCCOS), Charles Perretti (NOAA/NEFSC), Marta Ribera (TNC), Jason Roberts (Duke University), Emily Shumchenia (NROC), Arliss Winship (Co-I, NOAA/NCCOS) Date published: 24 June 2019 Project manager and point of contact: Jesse Cleary, Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 em: [email protected] ph: 919-684-3660 w: mgel.env.duke.edu Accessible from: http://seamap.env.duke.edu/models/MDAT/MDAT-Technical- Report.pdf † Deceased January 27, 2017 Marine-life Data and Analysis Team Technical Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2014, the Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab (MGEL) of Duke University began work with the Northeast Regional Ocean Council (NROC), the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC), and Loyola University Chicago, as part of the Marine-life Data and Analysis Team (MDAT), to characterize and map marine life in the Northeast region, at the request of the Northeast Regional Planning Body (NE RPB) to support the Northeast Ocean Plan. These research groups collaborated to produce “base layer” distribution products for cetacean, avian, and fish species. -
Etyfish Hexanchiform
HEXANCHIFORMES · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 6.0 - 17 July 2019 Order HEXANCHIFORMES 2 families · 4 genera · 7 species Family CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE Frilled Sharks Chlamydoselachus Garman 1884 chlamydos, cloak or mantle, referring to first pair of gill slits that fit like a cloak or frill around throat; selachos, shark Chlamydoselachus africana Ebert & Compagno 2009 referring to South Africa’s Marine and Coastal Management research vessel Africana, for the excellent research surveys it has conducted; it is also the vessel that collected paratype Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman 1884 snake-like, referring to snake or eel-like shape Family HEXANCHIDAE Cow Sharks Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810 hepta, seven; [b]ranchos, gill or ankos, bend or hollow, referring to seven gill openings Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre 1788) from French vernacular le perlon, meaning pearl, perhaps referring to smooth and grayish (“lisse & grisâtre”) skin Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810 hexa-, six; [b]ranchos, gill or ankos, bend or hollow, referring to six gill openings Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre 1788) latinization of common name “Le Griset,” gray, referring to dark gray coloration Hexanchus nakamurai Teng 1962 in honor of Teng’s colleague Hiroshi Nakamura, who illustrated this species as H. griseus in 1936 Hexanchus vitulus Springer & Waller 1969 a bull calf, i.e., a small cowshark, smaller than its fellow Atlantic congener, H. griseus Notorynchus Ayres 1856 etymology not explained, presumably noto-, back, perhaps referring to single dorsal fin; rhynchus, snout, probably referring to broad, depressed snout Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron 1807) -anus, belonging to: Bernard-Germain-Étienne de La Ville-sur-Illon, comte de [count of] La Cepède (also spelled as La Cépède, Lacépède, or Lacepède, 1756-1825), author of Histoire Naturelle des Poissons (1798-1803) Chlamydoselachus anguineus. -
Gill Morphometrics of the Thresher Sharks (Genus Alopias): Correlation of Gill Dimensions with Aerobic Demand and Environmental Oxygen
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY :1–12 (2015) Gill Morphometrics of the Thresher Sharks (Genus Alopias): Correlation of Gill Dimensions with Aerobic Demand and Environmental Oxygen Thomas P. Wootton,1 Chugey A. Sepulveda,2 and Nicholas C. Wegner1,3* 1Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 2Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research, Oceanside, CA 92054 3Fisheries Resource Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 ABSTRACT Gill morphometrics of the three thresher related species that inhabit similar environments shark species (genus Alopias) were determined to or have comparable metabolic requirements. As examine how metabolism and habitat correlate with such, in reviews of gill morphology (e.g., Gray, respiratory specialization for increased gas exchange. 1954; Hughes, 1984a; Wegner, 2011), fishes are Thresher sharks have large gill surface areas, short often categorized into morphological ecotypes water–blood barrier distances, and thin lamellae. Their large gill areas are derived from long total filament based on the respiratory dimensions of the gills, lengths and large lamellae, a morphometric configura- namely gill surface area and the thickness of the tion documented for other active elasmobranchs (i.e., gill epithelium (the water–blood barrier distance), lamnid sharks, Lamnidae) that augments respiratory which both reflect a species’ capacity for oxygen surface area while -
Field Guide to Requiem Sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic
Field guide to requiem sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic Item Type monograph Authors Grace, Mark Publisher NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service Download date 24/09/2021 04:22:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/20307 NOAA Technical Report NMFS 153 U.S. Department A Scientific Paper of the FISHERY BULLETIN of Commerce August 2001 (revised November 2001) Field Guide to Requiem Sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic Mark Grace NOAA Technical Report NMFS 153 A Scientific Paper of the Fishery Bulletin Field Guide to Requiem Sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic Mark Grace August 2001 (revised November 2001) U.S. Department of Commerce Seattle, Washington Suggested reference Grace, Mark A. 2001. Field guide to requiem sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 153, 32 p. Online dissemination This report is posted online in PDF format at http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov (click on Technical Reports link). Note on revision This report was revised and reprinted in November 2001 to correct several errors. Previous copies of the report, dated August 2001, should be destroyed as this revision replaces the earlier version. Purchasing additional copies Additional copies of this report are available for purchase in paper copy or microfiche from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161; 1-800-553-NTIS; http://www.ntis.gov. Copyright law Although the contents of the Technical Reports have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted entirely, reference to source is appreciated. -
An Annotated Checklist of the Chondrichthyan Fishes Inhabiting the Northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea
Zootaxa 4803 (2): 281–315 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:325DB7EF-94F7-4726-BC18-7B074D3CB886 An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea CHRISTIAN M. JONES1,*, WILLIAM B. DRIGGERS III1,4, KRISTIN M. HANNAN2, ERIC R. HOFFMAYER1,5, LISA M. JONES1,6 & SANDRA J. RAREDON3 1National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U.S.A. 2Riverside Technologies Inc., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Missis- sippi, U.S.A. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2687-3331 3Smithsonian Institution, Division of Fishes, Museum Support Center, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, U.S.A. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-6000 4 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-968X 5 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-9546 6 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-7156 *Corresponding author. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-1127 Abstract Herein we consolidate the information available concerning the biodiversity of batoid fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico, including nearly 70 years of survey data collected by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Mississippi Laboratories and their predecessors. We document 41 species proposed to occur in the northern Gulf of Mexico. -
Spinner Shark, Carcharhinus Brevipinna
Published Date: 1 March 2019 Spinner Shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna Report Card Sustainable assessment IUCN Red List IUCN Red List Australian Least Concern Global Near Threatened Assessment Assessment Assessors Burgess, G.H. & Smart, J.J. Report Card Remarks In Australia, fishing pressure is currently well managed Summary The Spinner Shark is a common, coastal pelagic shark found in warm- temperate and tropical waters across the globe. It frequents nearshore waters and is often captured in commercial and recreational fisheries. It is sensitive to fishing pressure and habitat degradation of coastal nursery Source: CSIRO national Fish Collection. License: CC By Attribution. habitats. Little information is known on the status of Spinner Sharks throughout its distribution. Within Australia, fishing pressure is currently well managed. The Spinner Shark is assessed globally as Near Threatened (IUCN) and in Australia as Least Concern (IUCN), while Australian stocks are classified as Sustainable (SAFS). Distribution Within Australia, the Spinner Shark is found across northern Australia, from Walpole (Western Australia), throughout the Northern Territory, Queensland and to southern New South Wales (Last and Stevens 2009). It is distributed throughout the world, including the east coast of the United States, Brazil, Mediterranean Sea, west coast of Central Africa, South Africa, Madagascar and throughout the Indo-Pacific. A recent genetic study detected evidence suggesting there may be multiple, genetically- distinct stocks throughout its Australian range (Geraghty et al. 2013). Stock structure and status There is currently very little information on population size and stock status for the Spinner Shark in Australian waters. A suite of management measures introduced from 2009 have led to a substantial reduction in fishing effort targeting adults in New South Wales waters.