Etyfish Hexanchiform

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HEXANCHIFORMES · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 6.0 - 17 July 2019 Order HEXANCHIFORMES 2 families · 4 genera · 7 species Family CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE Frilled Sharks Chlamydoselachus Garman 1884 chlamydos, cloak or mantle, referring to first pair of gill slits that fit like a cloak or frill around throat; selachos, shark Chlamydoselachus africana Ebert & Compagno 2009 referring to South Africa’s Marine and Coastal Management research vessel Africana, for the excellent research surveys it has conducted; it is also the vessel that collected paratype Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman 1884 snake-like, referring to snake or eel-like shape Family HEXANCHIDAE Cow Sharks Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810 hepta, seven; [b]ranchos, gill or ankos, bend or hollow, referring to seven gill openings Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre 1788) from French vernacular le perlon, meaning pearl, perhaps referring to smooth and grayish (“lisse & grisâtre”) skin Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810 hexa-, six; [b]ranchos, gill or ankos, bend or hollow, referring to six gill openings Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre 1788) latinization of common name “Le Griset,” gray, referring to dark gray coloration Hexanchus nakamurai Teng 1962 in honor of Teng’s colleague Hiroshi Nakamura, who illustrated this species as H. griseus in 1936 Hexanchus vitulus Springer & Waller 1969 a bull calf, i.e., a small cowshark, smaller than its fellow Atlantic congener, H. griseus Notorynchus Ayres 1856 etymology not explained, presumably noto-, back, perhaps referring to single dorsal fin; rhynchus, snout, probably referring to broad, depressed snout Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron 1807) -anus, belonging to: Bernard-Germain-Étienne de La Ville-sur-Illon, comte de [count of] La Cepède (also spelled as La Cépède, Lacépède, or Lacepède, 1756-1825), author of Histoire Naturelle des Poissons (1798-1803) Chlamydoselachus anguineus. From: Garman, S. 1884. An extraordinary shark. Bulletin of the Essex Institute 16: 47-55..

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An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved.
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Evolutionary Relations of Hexanchiformes Deep-Sea Sharks Elucidated by Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 147064, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/147064 Research Article Evolutionary Relations of Hexanchiformes Deep-Sea Sharks Elucidated by Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences Keiko Tanaka,1 Takashi Shiina,1 Taketeru Tomita,2 Shingo Suzuki,1 Kazuyoshi Hosomichi,3 Kazumi Sano,4 Hiroyuki Doi,5 Azumi Kono,1 Tomoyoshi Komiyama,6 Hidetoshi Inoko,1 Jerzy K. Kulski,1,7 and Sho Tanaka8 1 Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan 2 Fisheries Science Center, The Hokkaido University Museum, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan 3 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan 4 Division of Science Interpreter Training, Komaba Organization for Education Excellence College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan 5 Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum, 6-1 Arcaport, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0036, Japan 6 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Basic Clinical Science and Public Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan 7 Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6008, Australia 8 Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Takashi Shiina; [email protected] Received 1 March 2013; Accepted 26 July 2013 Academic Editor: Dietmar Quandt Copyright © 2013 Keiko Tanaka et al.
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Zoological Studies 51(8): 1248-1269 (2012) Proteomic Studies of Various Organs and Tissues of the Frilled Shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus Feico M.A.H. Schuurmans Stekhoven1,*, Tsung-Han Lee2, Pei-Jen Wang2, Nian-Hong Jang-Liaw3, Sho Tanaka4, and Andrew R. Bottrill5 1Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud Univ. Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, AJ Nijmegen 6525, the Netherlands 2Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing Univ., Taichung 402, Taiwan 3Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean Univ., 2nd Pei-Ning Road,Keelung 202, Taiwan 4School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai Univ., 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan 5Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Laboratory, Proteomics Facility, Univ. of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK (Accepted December 11, 2012) Feico M.A.H. Schuurmans Stekhoven, Tsung-Han Lee, Pei-Jen Wang, Nian-Hong Jang-Liaw, Sho Tanaka, and Andrew R. Bottrill (2012) Proteomic studies of various organs and tissues of the frilled shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus. Zoological Studies 51(8): 1248-1269. In a search for the presence or absence of the Cl- channel phospholemman in 9 different tissues from organs of the most ancient shark on earth (Chlamydoselachus anguineus), we came to the conclusion that these did not contain the Cl- channel we sought. On the other hand, a large variety of proteins involved in cellular signaling and transport regulation were detected (36.7% of all analyzed protein components), suggesting that in its long history, C. anguineus has developed proteins chemically and mechanistically similar to those of modern sharks. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/51.8/1248.pdf Key words: Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Proteomics, Localization, Function.
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Akmonistion Zangerli, Gen
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21(3):438–459, September 2001 ᭧ 2001 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology A NEW STETHACANTHID CHONDRICHTHYAN FROM THE LOWER CARBONIFEROUS OF BEARSDEN, SCOTLAND M. I. COATES*1 and S. E. K. SEQUEIRA*2 Department of Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom ABSTRACT—Exceptionally complete material of a new stethacanthid chondrichthyan, Akmonistion zangerli, gen. et sp. nov., formerly attributed to the ill-defined genera Cladodus and Stethacanthus, is described from the Manse Burn Formation (Serpukhovian, Lower Carboniferous) of Bearsden, Scotland. Distinctive features of A. zangerli include a neurocranium with broad supraorbital shelves; a short otico-occipital division with persistent fissure and Y-shaped basicranial canal; scalloped jaw margins for 6–7 tooth files along each ramus; a pectoral-level, osteodentinous dorsal spine with an outer layer of acellular bone extending onto a brush-complex of up to 160% of neurocranial length; a heterosquamous condition ranging from minute, button-shaped, flank scales to the extraordinarily long-crowned scales of the brush apex; and a sharply up-turned caudal axis associated with a broad hypochordal lobe. The functional implications of this anatomy are discussed briefly. The rudimentary mineralization of the axial skeleton and small size of the paired fins (relative to most neoselachian proportions) are contrasted with the massive, keel-like, spine and brush complex: Akmonistion zangerli was unsuited for sudden acceleration and sustained high-speed pursuit of prey. Cladistic analysis places Akmonistion and other stethacanthid genera in close relation to the symmoriids. These taxa are located within the basal radiation of the chondrichthyan crowngroup, but more detailed affinities are uncertain.
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Title Identity of Extra Branchial Arches of Hexanchiformes (Pisces, Elasmobranchii) Author(s) SHIRAI, Shigeru Citation 北海道大學水産學部研究彙報, 43(1), 24-32 Issue Date 1992-02 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/24089 Type bulletin (article) File Information 43(1)_P24-32.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 43(1), 24-32. 1992. Identity of Extra Branchial Arches of Hexanchiformes (Pisces, Elasmobranchii) Shigeru SHIRAI * Abstract A hypothesis on the homology of branchial arches in living shark taxa is proposed. Based on the comparative anatomy, the branchial arches are composed of four types of units, the anteriormost (a-type), penultimate (y-type), ultimate (o--type), and other two or more arches (p-type). The extra branchial unit(s) of hexanchiforms should result from the duplication of the p-type arch (second or third arch of the original five-gilled condition). The first additional arch in the hexanchoids (cow sharks) is regarded as the fourth (He:c anchus) or the fifth arch (Heptranchias and Notorynchus). Homology of the extra arch in Ohlamydoselachus (frill sharks) is uncertain, but it appears to be homoplasous with that of hexanchoids. Most living elasmobranchs have five branchial arches supporting four holo branchs. In the order Hexanchiformes (Compagno, 1973) composed of Ohlamydoselachus and the hexanchoids (Notorynchus, Heptranchias, and Hexanchus), six or seven branchial arches are present, and previous authors have been tradition ally referred to the unit(s) behind the fifth branchial arch as the "sixth" or "seventh" arch (e.g., Garman, 1885, 1913; Goodey, 19lO; Allis, 1923; Daniel, 1934).
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Order HEXANCHIFORMES CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE Frilled Sharks a Single Species in This Family
click for previous page 372 Sharks Order HEXANCHIFORMES CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE Frilled sharks A single species in this family. Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884 HXC Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / None. FAO names: En - Frilled shark; Fr - Requin lézard; Sp - Tiburón anguila. ventral view of head upper and lower teeth Diagnostic characters: A medium-sized shark with a long, eel-like body. Nostrils without barbels or nasoral grooves; no nictitating lower eyelids; snout very short, bluntly rounded; mouth extremely long, extending far behind the eyes,and nearly terminal;teeth of upper and lower jaws alike,with 3 strong cusps and a pair of minute cusplets between them, not compressed or blade-like. Head with 6 pairs of long and frilly gill slits, the last in front of pectoral-fin origins, the first connected to each other across the throat by a flap of skin; no gill rakers on inner gill slits. A single low dorsal fin, posterior to pelvic fins; anal fin present; caudal fin strongly asymmetrical, with subterminal notch vestigial or absent and without a ventral caudal lobe.Caudal peduncle compressed, without keels or precaudal pits. Intestinal valve of spiral type. Colour: grey-brown above, sometimes lighter below, fins dusky. Similar families occurring in the area Hexanchidae: Snout longer, mouth subtermi- nal, body more stocky and cylindrical, comb-like cutting teeth in the lower jaw, first gill slits not connected across the throat, higher, more anterior dorsal fin, and strong subterminal notch on the caudal fin. Size: Maximum about 196 cm; size at birth mouth about 39 cm; adults common to 150 cm.
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