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Cambridge University Press 0521832144 - Augustine in the Italian Renaissance: Art and Philosophy from Petrarch to Michelangelo Meredith J. Gill Index More information

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Aaron, 166 Andrea da Firenze Abraham, 158 , 196, 254 “Spanish Chapel,” Santa Maria Novella, acedia, 107 Florence, 13 active and contemplative life, 38, 39–40, 91, 93, Andreae, Bernardus, 152 94, 102, 110, 115, 120–122, 126, 140–142, angelic, as nature, 1, 21, 44, 140, 149, 150 , 182, 197. See also contemplative; vita actuosa; 197, 199 vita contemplativa; vita mixta angels, 25, 55, 63, 67, 115, 151 , 168, 178, 183, 185, Adam, 95, 133, 191, 192, 194, 197, 204, 186–187, 196, 202, 206, 211, 237. See also 206 “heaven of the heavens” Adeodatus, 56–57, 131 rebel angels, 191, 194, 195 (demons), 205 Aeneas, 14. See also Virgil (demons), 186, 194, 200, 201, 202. See also aesthetics, 1 Augustine; Padua, Church of the and Augustine, 180 Eremitani, Cappella Angelorum; Padua, and Augustinians, 2. See also beauty Chapel, Palace of the Carrara; Rome, affect, 27, 51, 138. See also love; passions Sistine Chapel; Lucifer affectio, 21 Anne, St., 245 Africa, 6, 32, 34, 44, 65, 69, 84, 90, 110 Annibaldi, Riccardo, Cardinal, 30, 31 Carthage, 63 Annius of Viterbo, 161 ages of man, 54 Annunciation, 140 Agostino di Duccio Anthony, St., the hermit, 32, 38, 53, 55, 102, 104, Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini, 19–20, 22 105 Alberti, family, 14 Apelles, 113, 114 Leon Battista Alberti, 14, 24, 37, 96, 121, 125, apocrypha, 1, 2, 8, 17. See also Pseudo-Augustine 141, 212, 213, 228–229 Apollo, 138, 210 De Componendis Cifris, 20 Aquinas, Thomas, St., 50, 60, 152 , 183, 186, 196, Alberto of Padua, 58, 60 208 Alberto da Sarteano, 18 architecture, 25. See also Leon Battista Alberti; Alexander IV, Pope, 29, 31 Ambrogio Massari allegory, 24, 96, 101, 123, 171, 179, 181, 183, architectural theory, 24. See also number 188–189, 209. See also ﬁgura; ﬁgural Areopagite. See Pseudo-Dionysius interpretation Argyropoulos, John, 219 Altichiero da Zevio, 96 Aristotle, 20, 21, 22, 38, 120, 137, 144, 145, 151 , Alypius, 44, 55–56, 65, 67, 73, 100, 105 153 , 179, 204 Ambrose, St., 32, 44, 56, 64, 67, 68, 72, 75, 83, Lyceum, 151 86, 97, 100, 115, 135, 136, 139, 140, 170, Petrarch on, 8 179, 208 portrait of, 24, 58, 210 De Spiritu Sancto, 254 De anima, 37 Hexaemeron, 16. See also Pseudo-Ambrose Nicomachean Ethics, 16, 240 Amerbach, John, 20 Posterior Analytics, 144 amicitia, 14–15 , 100. See also friendship Aristotelianism, 14, 25, 120, 150 , 204 Amphion, 137, 138 Aristotelians, 21, 126. See also Averroes¨

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© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521832144 - Augustine in the Italian Renaissance: Art and Philosophy from Petrarch to Michelangelo Meredith J. Gill Index More information

INDEX

armillary sphere, 26 158 , 182, 189, 190–191, 197, 200, 202, arts, 12, 15 , 24, 25, 111, 114, 134–136. See also 205, 208 “allegory of knowledge”; liberal arts; De doctrina Christiana, 18, 97, 132, 148, 150 , 239 music; painting; poetry; sculpture De Genesi ad litteram, 18, 184, 188, 196 astrolabe, 2, 26, 128 De immortalitate anime, 23 astrology, 26, 54, 102, 138, 142. See also Padua, De libero arbitrio, 23, 134 Church of Eremitani De magistro, 18, 131 astronomy, 26, 102, 142 De musica, 10, 23, 24, 132, 134, 136, 139 Athanasius of Alexander, 135 De ordine, 18, 24, 132 Augustine, St. De pulchro et apto, 134 anonymous life of (Vita Aurelii Augustini De Trinitate, 18, 23, 51, 109–110, 129, 189, 194, Hipponensis Episcopi ), 34 211 on allegory, 7 De utilitate credendi, 218, 228 on angels, 52, 187, 195, 196–198, 237 De vera religione, 23, 106, 108 Anti-Pelagianism of, 4 De vitam et moribus clericorum suorum, 30 on appearances, 15 Enchiridion, 23 and baptism, 32, 33, 44, 104, 165, 168, 190, 192 Enarrationes in Psalmos, 16, 135, 200 and Bible, 28, 179 Quaestiones, 23 and body, 3, 28, 110, 126–127, 180, 186, 197 Regula sororum, 30 and beauty, 7, 9, 127, 134, 178, 180, 187, 212, Retractions, 17, 69 213, 237. See also aesthetics Soliloquies, 9, 12, 18, 23. See also music; and Cicero, 28 Petrarch; Pseudo-Augustine; Rule; senses; conversion, 32, 33, 36, 67, 101, 102–106, 110, soul; miracles; Voragine 116, 134, 139–140 Augustinians on Creation, 3, 52, 130, 178, 179, 183–187, 213. Order of St. Augustine of Tuscany, 29, 30 See also Genesis followers of Friar John Bonus, 29 and friendship, 199 hermits of Brettino (Brictinenses), 29 and Greek language, 84 hermits of Favale, 29. See also canons; hermits and images, 177–183 Augustinianism, 206 against Manichaeans, 48, 131, 135, 184, 189 “Augustinus.” See Petrarch, Secretum in manuscript, 18, 139. See also libraries Averroes,¨ 60, 126, 204 against Pelagians, 48 Averroism, 152 and Plato, 7–8, 121, 128, 131, 135, 160–161, 233. See also Neoplatonism Babylon, 162, 168, 180, 191, 200, 247 and poetry, 13–14, 128, 181 Bacon, Roger, 240–241 portrait, 53, 208. See also Sandro Botticelli; Badoer, Bonaventura, 48, 100, 117, 222, 227 Francesco Botticini; Vittore Carpaccio; Badoer, Bonsembiante, 48, 117, 227 Gubbio; Pavia, arca; Padua; San Balbi, Pietro, 22 Gimignano; Serafino Serafini; Tomb of Balduccio, Giovanni di, 42 Costanza Ammannati-Piccolomini Barbieri, Filippo, on senses, 9, 125, 134, 139, 179, 197 Discordantiae Sanctorum Doctorum Hieronymi et sermons, 10, 12, 20, 28, 31 , 34, 48, 135 Augustini, 172 Sermon on Psalm 6, 94 Barbo, Marco, Cardinal, 162 relics of, 9, 18, 31 , 40, 76, 115, 116. See also Bariano, Nicola Pavia, arca Causa Vitaliana de Precedentia Heremitarum et Salutati on, 10 Minorum, 222 wide influence of, 1–5 Bartholomew, St., 204–205 works of, 16–19 Bartolo di Fredi Confessions, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 13, 15 , 17, 18, 23, 28, Triumph of St. Augustine,Churchof 32, 34, 43, 48, 52, 54, 55–56, 57, 67, 75, Sant’Agostino, Montalcino, 60, 217 85–86, 94, 136, 149, 178, 183, 184, 185, Bartolo, St., 92 190, 197, 199 Bartolo di Sassoferrato Contra Academicos, 18, 23 Lectura super decretalium, 58 Contra Faustum, 168 Bartolomeo da Urbino, 10 De animae quantitate, 23, 134 De Romani Pontificis Christi Vicarii Auctoritate, 10 De Arte Praedicandi, 20 Milleloquium S. Ambrosii, 10 De civitate Dei (City of God), 2, 9, 13, 16, 17, 18, Milleloquium veritatis S. Augustini, 10–11, 12, 18, 19, 20, 23, 28, 121, 139, 141, 149, 152 , 58

270

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beauty Bramante, Donato Augustine on, 7, 9, 127, 134, 178, 180, 187, portrait, 212 212, 213, 237 Brandolini, Aurelio “Lippo,” 4, 27, 111, 137–138, Petrarch and, 96, 98, 99, 100, 107, 111, 116. See 150 , 153 , 162, 170, 207 also aesthetics De ratione scribendi, 156 Belbello da Pavia, Luchino, 186, 195. See also Dialogus de humanae vitae conditione et toleranda Bible of Matteo Planisio corporis aegritudine, 255 Bellini, Giovanni Epitoma in sacram Iudaeorum historiam (Sacred St. Francis in the Desert, 140–141, 143–144, 145 History of the Hebrews), 156 , 168 Bembo, Bernardo, 137 Paradoxa Christiana, 153 Benedict, St., 30–31 , 131 Brandolini, Raffaele, 137, 150 Benedictines, 41, 50, 116 Brethren of the Common Life, 4 Bernard, St., 167, 226 Brettino, Hermits of, 29 Bernardino, San, 154 Brown, Patricia Fortini, 129 Bessarion, Cardinal, 21–22, 23, 167. See also Brunelleschi, Filippo, 12, 213 Vittore Carpaccio Bruni, Leonardo, 15 , 22, 100, 120 Bible, 24, 28, 52, 94, 100, 122–124, 168, 181, 186, Bussolari, Giacomo, Fra, 42, 43, 100, 116 208 Malermi Bible, 188 Cabbala, 182 Bible of Matteo Planisio, 185, 186 Caesar Augustus, 40 Separation of Light from Darkness, 185, 187 Cajetan (Tommaso de Vio), 204 Bible of Niccolo III d’Este Calvin, John, 27, 202 Separation of Light from Darkness, 186, 187 Commentary on Genesis, 206 Biblis, 100 Camaldolese. See Camaldoli; Tommaso Bicci di Lorenzo Giustiniani; Vincenzo Querini; Ambrogio tomb of Luigi Marsili, Duomo, Florence, 15 Traversari Biglia, Andrea, 37, 38, 39, 90 Camaldoli, Florentine convent of, 14 On the Form and Propagation of Our Order, 37, 38 Campano, Antonio, 136 Bilheres` de Lagraulas, Jean, Cardinal, 151 , 245 Canons, Augustinian, 2, 6, 29, 30, 31 , 32, 34–35, Boccaccio, Giovanni, 13, 16, 40–41, 96, 100, 123. 36, 41–42, 68, 95, 169, 214 See also Petrarch Congregation of Windesheim, 4 body, 28, 145, 148, 153 , 204 (“perishable”), Capgrave, John, 35 204–206 Concordia, 35 Augustine on, 3, 28, 110, 126–127, 180, 186, Treatise of the Orders under the Rule of St. 197 Augustine, 35 Ficino on, 138 Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da, 212 Michelangelo on, 3, 180 caritas, 21, 236. See also charity Petrarch on, 101, 107, 108 (“perishable body”). Carpaccio, Vittore See also eye; senses; sight; subjectivity; St. Augustine in His Study, 2, 3, 21, 128–129, passions 130, 133, 136, 139–141, 142, 143. See also Boethius, 40, 124 Bessarion Bologna. See Italy Carrara, 49 Bonaventure, 50, 143, 167, 169–170 Francesco il Vecchio, 52, 96, 97. See also Boniface VIII, Pope, 32, 60 Padua Boniface IX, Pope, 41 Carthage. See Africa Bonus, Friar John, 29 Casali, Battista, Fra, 151 , 154 , 210–211 book, 56, 65, 66, 67, 88, 97, 100, 123, 171, Castellesi, Adriano, Cardinal, 26 210 De Vera Philosophia ex quattor Doctoribus Botticelli, Sandro, 164 Ecclesiae, 26 St. Augustine in his Study, 128–129, 130, Catherine of Siena, 37 139–140, 142, 151 , 209 Cennini, Cennino Moses in Egypt and Midian, 191 Libro dell’arte, 125 The Punishment of Korah, 164, 165, 166 charity, 30, 31 , 56, 122, 140, 240. See also caritas The Temptations of Christ, 164, 168, 191 Christ, 133, 171, 197, 202–203 Botticini, Francesco, 160 advent of, 19 St. Augustine Visited by Sts. Jerome and John the Ascension of, 194 Baptist, 235 body of, 121, 156 (Corpus Christi), 181 Bracciolini, Poggio, 15 , 127 Child, 140

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Christ (cont.) Comestor, Petrus, 168 coming of, 19, 148, 181, 190, 203 Historia Scholastica, 188 crucified, 153 –154 Communion of Saints, doctrine of, 210 enthroned, 57 Condivi, Ascanio, 188, 206 in Judgment, 49, 98, 154 . See also Last Contarini, Gasparo, 26 Judgment; Last Judgment contemplative, 15 , 26–27, 84, 108, 125, 140–142, life of, 162, 163–166 199 Passion of, 27, 49, 161, 165, 181, 191. See also Continence, 104 Crucifixion Coriolanus. See Ambrogio Massari da Cori Resurrection of, 133, 200, 201, 203 corporeal and incorporeal, 3, 25, 51, 101, 102, Transfiguration of, 154 , 205 105, 114, 131, 181, 185, 197, 198, 204, Church, 4, 30, 34, 39, 57, 60, 69, 75, 87, 91, 146, 206. See also incorporeal 148, 154 , 176, 181, 190, 191, 197, 204 Cortesi, Paolo, 242, 246 as Bride of Christ, 203 Corvini, Giovanni, 218 Church Fathers, 16, 18, 24, 26, 120, 122, 160, creatio ex nihilo, 120, 184, 199 167, 170, 236, 245. See also Padua, Church creation, 177, 183 of Eremitani Creation, 20, 49, 144–145, 149, 176, 193, 196 Cicero, 13, 15 , 19–20, 25, 26, 28, 36, 98–99, 107, Augustine on, 3, 52, 130, 178, 179, 183–187, 109, 120, 148, 197 213. See also Genesis De oratore, 19 Crucifixion, 113, 192, 194 Hortensius, 28, 122 Cumaean Sibyl, 22, 197, 198. See also sibyls; Ciceronianism, 85, 153 , 213 Virgil circumcision, 192, 211 (feast of ), 236 Cyclops, 127 Cistercians, 11 Cyril of Jerusalem. See Pseudo-Augustine Citta` del Vaticano, Vatican Palace Sistine Chapel, 3–4, 148–150 , 162–172, 210 D’Abano, Pietro, 54 Fall of the Rebel Angels, 200 D’Amelia, Piermatteo, 165 fifteenth-century narratives, 25 dance, 134 Michelangelo, Last Judgment, 3, 4, 158 , 199, Dante, 2, 50, 121 200–207; Christ, 158 , 176, 182 Vita Nuova, 2 Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, 3, 20, Convivio, 2 25, 158 , 173, 208, 210; Ancestors, 171, Paradiso, 22, 94, 121, 225 174, 191; The Brazen Serpent, 174, 200; Dati, Leonardo, 219 Creation of Adam, 192–193, 194; Creation Decembrio, Pier Candido, 153 of Eve, 176, 198, 203; Creation of the Sun De la Tour, Georges, 212 and Moon, 189, 195; Cumaean Sibyl, 198; Democritus, 24 David and Goliath, 174, 191; Drunkenness of demons. See rebel angels Noah, 161, 172, 191; The Hanging of Desert Fathers, 32, 38, 93, 122 Haman, 174; ignudi, 160, 175, 176, D’Este, NiccoloIII.` See Bible 196–198, 206; Jeremiah, 196, 200; Joel, devotio moderna, 4 172; Jonah, 172, 200; Judith and Holofernes, dignity, 193 174, 191; Libyan Sibyl, 196, 200; Sacrifice Diogenes, 212 of Noah, 192–193; Separation of Light from Dionigi da Borgo San Sepolcro, Fra, 99, 100–101, Darkness, 175, 191, 195–196, 200, 201, 102–104 202, 211; sibyls, 19–20; Temptation and Dionysius, Bishop of Paris, 50 Fall, 176, 198–199. See also Michelangelo Dionysius the Areopagite. See Pseudo-Dionysius Raphael, Stanza della Segnatura, 48, 173, Doctors of the Church. See Church Fathers 208; Disputa` (Theology), 208–209, 210, Dolciati, Antonio, 222 211, 212; Jurisprudence, 208; Parnassus, 210; Dominic, St., 6, 13, 35, 42 School of Athens (Philosophy), 24, 151 , 209, Dominicans, 9, 12, 29, 32, 33, 38, 39, 42, 60, 124, 210, 211, 212. See also Raphael 214 St. Peter’s, 83, 154 , 160, 161 Donato degli Albanzani, 100 Vatican Library, 26, 167, 170, 173 Dondi, Giovanni dall’Orologio, 54 Clement VI, Pope, 10 Dondi, Jacopo, 54 Clement VII, Pope, 152 , 200, 204, 243 Dotson, Esther, 4 Coci, Giovanni, 100 dreams, 130 Colocci, Angelo, 196 Duns Scotus, John, 167 Colonna, 51, 225. See also Petrarch Durling, Robert M., 101

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Ecclesia Gentilium, 19 Franciscans, 11, 32, 33, 37, 38, 39, 91, 115, 116, Ecclesia Iudaeorum, 19 124, 143–146, 167, 169, 214 ecstasy, 160–161, 196. See also frenzy “Franciscus.” See Petrarch, Secretum elements, 185, 187 frenzy, 24, 40, 245. See also ecstasy Elijah, Prophet, 38, 56, 92, 196, 205 friendship, 23, 27, 100. See also amicitia Epicurus, 127 Erasmus, Desiderius, 4, 20, 50, 148 Gaddi, Taddeo, 143 Eucharist, 154 –155 , 208, 210. See also Sacraments Galli, Jacopo, 154 , 244 Euclid, 212 Gatta, Bartolomeo della, 165 Eusebius Genesis, 49, 52, 152 , 175–176, 197 Chronicon, 16 and Augustine, 129, 180–181, 183–187, Eusebius Corradus, 20 189–190 Eve, 193. See also Adam and Michelangelo, 3, 19, 188–200. See also Evangelista da Pisa, 23 Creation Evangelists, 54, 63, 64. See also St. John the geometry, 132, 134, 144 Evangelist; St. Matthew Gerardo da Bergamo Evodius, 32 Quaestio de Prestantia Religionis S. Augustini, eye, 2, 3, 40, 101, 104, 109, 111, 125, 129, 131, 34 144. See also sight; senses Germanus, bishop of Capua, 131 Germany, 99 Famous Men (Uomini Famosi), cycles of, 209 Erfurt, Church of the Canons Regular, 65–66, Favale, Hermits of, 29 70, 73 Ferdinand of Naples, King, 137 Gherardo, 100, 101, 102, 105, 127 Fiammetta, 160 Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 12 Fiat lux, 186, 195 Ghirlandaio, Domenico, 24, 129, 164 Ficino, Marsilio, 3, 5, 14, 21, 23, 25, 39–40, 121, Calling of the First Apostles, 168, 191 125, 138–139, 151 , 152 , 207, 210, 245 Gianderoni, Giovanni, Bishop, 154 Commentarium in Timaeum, 212 Giles of Rome, 21, 51, 52, 60, 151 , 192, 196 Commentary on Plato’s Philebus, 40 Hexameron, 251, 252, 253 Convivium de amore (Commentary on the Giles of Viterbo, 4, 25, 37, 39, 52, 151 , 152 , 153 , Symposium), 22 158 , 160, 161–162, 168, 171, 182, 196, De anima, 239 202, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214 De laudibus philosophiae, 39 Historia XX Saeculorum, 182, 202 Theologica Platonica, 22, 23, 39, 153, 204 Sentences ad mentem Platonis, 25, 196, 211. See on Pseudo-Dionysius, 50 also Observance; Lecceto Fidati, Simone, da Cascia, Fra, 143 Gilio, Giovanni, 204–205 ﬁgura, 180, 181, 249 Gimignano, St., 16, 92 ﬁgural interpretation, 132, 180, 183, 189 Giotto Filelfo, Francesco, 127 Virgin and Child, 95–96 Fina, St., 92 Virtues and Vices, Scrovegni Chapel, Padua, 54. Flandinus, Ambrosius, 242, 243 See also Florence, Santa Croce, Bardi Flete, William, 37 Chapel Florence. See Italy Giovanni d’Andrea, 10, 12–13, 226 Fortune, 96 Hieronymianus, 10 France, 99 Novella super decretalium, 58 Avignon, 100, 162 Giovanni da Prato, 14 Lyons, Council of, 32 Giovanni da San Miniato, 123 Montrieux, Carthusian monastery, 105, Giovanni degli Eremitani, 48 115 Giovanni della Lana da Bologna ( Johannes Mont Ventoux, 2, 36, 94, 99–106, 114 Bononiensis), 58, 60 Paris, 11, 15 , 41, 48, 60 Giovanni delle Celle, 37 Grands-Augustins, monastery, 17, 20 Giovio, Paolo, 211 University of Paris (Sorbonne), 17, 60, 76, Giustiniani, Tommaso, 26 85, 100 Giusto de’Menabuoi Francis, St., 6, 32, 70–72, 91, 93, 169, 170 Cortellieri Chapel (Sant’Agostino), Church of Canticle to Brother Sun, 150 . See also Assisi; the Eremitani, Padua, 48, 217. See also Bellini; Florence, Church of Santa Croce, Padua Bardi Chapel gluttony, 9. See also intemperance

273

INDEX

God Hermits, Augustinian, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 21, 95, as architect, 3, 194, 199 152 , 153 –162, 214, 255 as artist, 207 habit, 32, 33, 35, 37, 56, 68, 80–81 as poet, 179 order, history of, 29–40 as sculptor, 194 Constitutiones, 11 as singer, 194 Great Union, 6, 31 , 38 as workman, 153 , 183 “schola nostra,” 11 Goritz,¨ Johannes, 158 –160 “Via Gregorii,” 4. See also Gregory of Rimini; Golden Age, 19, 39, 161, 197 Italy, especially Florence, Santo Spirito; Gozzoli, Benozzo, 15 , 33, 66, 76–92. See also Gubbio; Padua; Pavia; San Gimignano; Montefalco; San Gimignano, Church of Rule Sant’Agostino, life of St. Augustine Hilduin of Saint-Denis, Abbot, 50 grace, 57, 92, 133, 167, 171, 172, 181, 182, 189, Hiltalinger, John, 242 194, 197, 205, 207, 241 hornbook, 84 Great Union, 6, 31 , 38 Hugh of St.-Victor, 33, 50, 194, 196, 252, 253 Greece, 39 humanism, 15 , 95, 110, 154 Constantinople, Fall of, 21 humanists, 98 Greek Fathers, 8, 253 Hungary Greeks, 8, 18, 21, 95, 162 Budapest, 153 culture, 8, 21, 22, 49 (maniera greca), 204, 205, 238 Iamblichus, 21 Greek language, 19, 84, 153 idea, 25 Gregorio da Citta` di Castello, 136 illumination Gregory the Great, Pope, 50, 120, 208 divine, 3, 23, 92, 128, 130–132, 143, 151 –152 . Dialogues, 131–132 See also light Gregory of Rimini, 4, 11, 15 , 182, 202, 256 image, 7, 112–114, 130, 138, 177–183 as “Bonaventure” of the Middle Ages, 11 “image and likeness” theme, 18, 178, 181, 194 Commentary on Peter Lombard’s Sentences, imitation, 7, 135, 138, 178, 230 11 Incarnation, dogma of, 140, 190, 191, 193–194, Grosseteste, Robert, Bishop, 50, 144–145, 236 210, 253 On Free Will, 144 incorporeal, 3, 25, 51, 101. See also corporeal Hexaemeron, 145 Incumbit Nobis, Bull, 6–7, 30 On Intelligences, 144 Ingenium, 96 On Light, 145 Inghirami, Tommaso, 194, 211 On the Order of Emanation of Effects from God, Innocent III, Pope, On Contempt for the World, or 144 The Misery of the Human Condition, 111 Grote, Geert, 4 Innocent IV, Pope, 6, 30 Guariento di Arpo, 44–48, 91. See also Padua, Innocent VIII, Pope, 137 Church of the Eremitani; Chapel, Palace intemperance, 9. See also gluttony of the Carrara; Venice, Doge’s Palace Isaac, sacriﬁce of, 181 Guarini, Battista, 16, 18 Isaiah, Prophet, 19. See also prophets Gubbio. See Italy Isidore of Seville, 36 Guglielmo of Cremona, 41 istoria, 125 Italy, 19, 99 Hannibal, 102, 106 Arqua, 37, 48. See also Petrarch “heaven of the heavens,” 185, 186, 195, 225. See Assisi also angels Basilica of San Francesco, 71, 164, 169 Hebraeus, Leo Bologna, 10, 11, 12, 13, 42, 152 Dialoghi d’amore, 243 San Giacomo Maggiore, 217, 226 Hell, 49 studium generale, 12, 60 Henry of Freimar, 31 –34, 35, 38, 54, 56, 57, 60, Centocelle, convent of (Tuscany), 32, 33, 116 92 Ferrara, 13 Tractatus de origine et progressu ordinis fratrum Council of, 18 heremitarum et vero ac proprio titulo eiusdem, Sant’Andrea, 217 31 , 41, 42, 44 Florence, 150 Hercules, 36, 222 Baptistery, 51, 188, 213 Heraclitus, 24, 39, 210, 212 Camaldoli, convent of, 14 Hermes Trismegistus, 39 Council of Union, 22

274

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and Neoplatonism, 14, 21 Saint Augustine with the Virtues and Liberal Santa Croce, 16; Giotto, Stigmata, Bardi Arts, 58–60 Chapel, 71–72, 73 and Petrarch, 11, 52 (portrait) Santa Maria degli Angeli, 18 Chapel, Palace of the Carrara (Reggia), Santa Maria Novella, 16; Andrea da Firenze, decorated by Guariento, 49, 52–53; “Spanish Chapel,” 13 Madonna and Child, 52; Old Testament Santa Monaca, convent of, 160 subjects, 52, 53 Santo Spirito, church and convent of, 4, 12, Sala Virorum Illustrium, 52, 97 13–16, 23, 143, 151 , 153 , 158 Sant’Agostino, Church of, 38 studium generale, 12, 23, 39, 95, 121, 143 Scrovegni Chapel, frescoes by Giotto, 54 Garegnano, Carthusian monastery of, 115 studium generale, 11, 12, 18, 48, 52, 54 Gubbio, 2, 93 Pavia, 9, 40–44, 93 Church of San Domenico, Nelli, life of St. arca of St. Augustine (San Pietro in Ciel Peter Martyr, 61 d’Oro), 2, 31 , 41–44, 55–56, 67, 73, Church of San Francesco, Nelli, life of the 74–75, 88. See also relics Virgin, 61 Petrarch in, 40–41 Church of Sant’Agostino, Nelli, life of St. San Pietro in Ciel d’Oro, 40, 115 Augustine, 60–76, 84, 88, 171; Augustine’s Perugia, 2 Dispute with the Heretics, 72; Augustine’s university, 136 Baptism, 68; Death of St. Augustine, 72–73; Pietralunga, Church of Sant’Agostino, 61 Funeral of St. Augustine, 73; Augustine’s Pisa, 12 Ordination by Valerius, 68–69; Augustine Prato Handing Down on the Rule, 68; Augustine Santo Stefano di Prato, 18 Liberates a Prisoner, 73, 74–75; Translation of Pratovecchio, Camaldoli, convent of, 115 the Relics to Pavia, 73; Augustine’s Vision of Rimini Sts. Jerome and John the Baptist, 70–72 studium provinciale, 11 Lecceto, 37, 92, 150 , 154 , 244 Tempio Malatestiano, 19–20, 22 San Salvatore, 86–87 Riofreddo, 225 Lodi, Peace of, 21 Rome, 19, 26, 35, 37, 41, 44, 51, 53, 64, 75, 79, Massa Marittima, 143 83, 164 Milan, 41, 42, 65, 66, 75–76, 79, 83, 97, 105, Academy, 158 115, 135–136 as new Athens, 151 Sant’Ambrogio, 115 as new Jerusalem, 164, 165, 246. See also Sant’Eustorgio, Church of, 42 Jerusalem San Simpliciano, 115. See also Petrarch Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, 163, 188 Monte Cimino (near Viterbo), 37 Church of Sant’Agostino, 90, 151 , 153 –162, Montefalco, Church of San Francesco, life of 213, 247; Chapel of St. Monica, 154 ; St. Francis, 91 Chapel of Pieta,` 160, 245 Monte Pisano (Tuscany), 33–34, 92, 116 Church of San Luigi dei Francesi, 160 Naples Church of Santa Maria dell’Anima, 160 San Giovanni a Carbonara, 37 Church of Santa Maria del Popolo, 196, 213, San Michele, convent of, 185 247 studium generale, 136 Church of Santa Trinita` dei Monti, 255 Ostia, 41, 65, 90 Domus Aurea, 173 Padua, 2, 4, 11, 13, 37, 44–60, 84, 93, 151 Janiculum Hill, 161 Eremitani, Church of, 38, 44; apse, 54–58; Ospedale di Santo Spirito, 164 frescoes by Guariento: Crucifixion, 55; studium generale, 12. See also Citta` del Last Judgment, 54, 57; Doctors of the Vaticano Church, 54; Old and New Testament, 54; San Gimignano Evangelists, 54; lives of Apostles Philip and Church of Sant’Agostino, Gozzoli, life of St. James, 54; life of Augustine, 54; Augustine, 2, 76–93, 170, 171, 213; The Conversion, 54, 55–56; Ordination and Sacred Bishopric of St. Augustine, 87, 91; Baptism, 54, 55–57, 68; Augustine Handing Appearance of Jerome to St. Augustine, 87; St. Down the Rule, 55, 57; Unification of the Augustine at the University of Carthage, 88; Hermits by Alexander IV, 55, 57; St. Augustine Refuting Fortunatus, 87; St. astrological figures, 54; Cappella Augustine Teaching Rhetoric in Rome, 80, 85; Angelorum, 48, 49–51; Cortelliero Conversion of St. Augustine, 88, 91; Chapel, Giusto de’ Menabuoi, Glory of Founding of the Augustinian Order and the

275

INDEX

Italy (cont.) Lactantius, 19, 172 Miracle of the Trinity 80, 90; Baptism of St. Divinae Institutiones, 20 Augustine, 80, 91, 92; Funeral of St. Opera, 19. See also Sybilline Oracles Augustine, 80, 90, 91; Death of Monica and Landino, Cristoforo, 127, 138, 217 St. Augustine’s Return to Carthage, 80, 92; Disputationes Camaldulenses, 14, 121, 234 Evangelists, 91 Last Judgment, 20, 48, 49, 133, 148, 190, 195, Siena, 12, 18, 37 200. See also Padua, Church of Eremitani; studium generale, 12 resurrection Subiaco, 18, 19, 20 Last Judgment. See Citta` del Vaticano Venice, 21, 100 Lateran Council, 25, 152 , 196, 204, 211, 214 Doge’s Palace, Sala del Maggio Consiglio, Latin, 19, 137, 153 Paradise, 52–53 Latin Fathers. See Church Fathers San Marco, baptistery, 49; atrium, 49, 53 Laura, 98, 99, 107, 113, 117–119, 127. See also See also Citta` del Vaticano Petrarch Lawrence, St., 204 Jacobs, Fredrika H., 130 Leah, 121, 234 Janus, 197 Legenda aurea. See Jacobus de Voragine Jeremiah, Prophet, 196, 200 Lent, 163, 168, 172 Jerome, 2, 10, 11, 14, 15 , 16, 18, 38, 70, 98, 120, Leo X, Pope, 151 , 204, 247, 256 122, 124, 128–129, 130, 133, 143, 170, 171, Leonardo da Vinci, 125 172, 235, 245 Leonino da Padova, 225 Jerusalem, 180, 202, 251 liberal arts, 9, 13, 25, 58, 63, 114, 131, 132, 134, heavenly, 49, 200, 247 136–137, 220 Jews libraries, 16–18, 21, 48, 54, 128. See also Florence, as chosen people, 19 Santo Spirito; Julius II; Medici; Padua; liberation of, 174 Paris Joel, Prophet, 172 Libyan Sibyl, 172, 196, 200. See also sibyls John the Baptist, St., 38, 56, 70, 92, 170, Licet ecclesiae catholicae, 29–31 205 light, 2, 26, 92, 108, 118, 195 (Fiat lux), 176, 186 John, the Evangelist, St., 24, 116, 121, 133, 179, (Fiat lux), 194, 206, 211, 212, 213 196, 249. See also Evangelists as metaphor, 1, 3, 11, 50, 51 John XXIII, Pope, 18, 41 Augustine and light, 125–147, 184, 186. See also John Paul II, Pope, 148 divine illumination, sight Jonah, Prophet, 172, 200, 255. See also Limbourg, family prophets Bible Moralisee´ , 253 Jordan of Saxony ( Jordanus of Quedlinburg), 11, Liutprand, King of the Lombards, 9, 40, 42, 74 17–18, 35, 60, 100, 143, 181 Livy, 101 anthology of Augustinian works, 17–18 Lodovicus Sanctus (“Socrates”), 120 and Ad fratres suos in heremo, 17, 18. See also Lombard, Peter, 50, 170, 194 Pseudo-Augustine Sentences, 11, 182, 211, 216 Liber Vitasfratrum, 18, 35, 51 Lombards, 9, 40, 76 life of St. Augustine, 18 Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, 12, 143 Josephus, Flavius, 168 love, 21, 23, 25, 38, 95 Joy (as “Gaudium”), 111–112 Augustine on, 3, 109–110, 121, 131 Julius II, Pope, 25, 150 , 151 , 173, 178, 194, 196, Bessarion on, 21 197–198, 200, 204, 208, 211 Michelangelo on, 3 library of, 173, 208 Petrarch on, 106, 107, 117–119 Michelangelo, tomb of, 160, 173, 178, 197. See Platonic, 21, 51 also Citta` del Vaticano, Vatican Palace spiritual, 3 Lucifer, 191, 197, 200 (as Devil), 253, 255 Kilwardby, Robert, 216 Luther, Martin, 4, 8, 202 knowledge, 3, 12, 23, 98, 114, 120, 125, 128, 130, 136, 139, 152 Maccabees, Books of, 168, 175, 191 “allegory of knowledge,” 12–13, 48. See also Malermi Bible, 188 Padua, apse, Church of the Eremitani; Manetti, Giannozzo, 15 , 16, 111, 153 Seraﬁno Seraﬁni; Tree of Knowledge of Manichaeans. See Augustine Good and Evil Mariano da Genazzano, Fra 150 , 242, Kristeller, Paul Oskar, 8, 20, 23 247

276

INDEX

Marsili, Luigi, 13, 14, 15 –17, 36–37, 100, 117 Monica, St., 18, 32, 34, 41, 44, 57, 58, 65, 67, 68, tomb of, 15 73, 75, 88–90, 92, 154 , 155 , 158 –160, 161, Martha, 121 228. See also Tomb of Costanza Martin V, Pope, 90, 158 , 225 Ammannati-Piccolomini Martino da Signa, Fra, 13 moon, 49 Mary, 121 Moon and Infancy, 54 Mary Magdalene, 160 Moses, 24, 133, 162, 169, 171, 178, 189–190, 191, Masaccio 192, 196, 198, 205 altarpiece, Santa Maria Maggiore (with life of, 162, 163–166 Masolino), 225 music, 24, 132, 140, 210 Trinity, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, 213 and Augustine, 130, 135–138 Maso di Banco manuscripts, 2, 128, 130, 133, 137, 139 history of the Holy Spirit, Santo Spirito, Florence, 12 Nativity, 140 Massari, Ambrogio, da Cori (Coriolanus), 35, 39, Nebridius, 32 86–87, 168–169, 170, 194, 207, 213 Nelli, Ottaviano, 60–76, 79, 91. See also Gubbio commentary on Augustine’s Rule, 168 Neoplatonism, 2, 14, 21–26, 130, 151 –152 defense of the Augustinian Hermits, 169 and Augustine, 3, 21, 194 treatise on the “dignities of the soul,” 169 and Michelangelo, 3, 180 Matthew, St., 158 . See also Evangelists and Petrarch. See also light; Marsilio Ficino; Maximus, St., 140 Plato; Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite Medici, family, 14, 151 , 152 , 245 Niccoli, Niccolo,` 15 , 18, 100, 217 Cosimo de’ Medici, 22, 24 Niccolini, Giovanni, Archbishop, 22 Giovanni de’ Medici, 139 Niccolo` di Pietro, 57 library, 128 Nicholas of Bari, St., 92 Lorenzo de’ Medici, 242 Nicholas of Cusa, 22, 50, 233 Meiss, Millard, 129 Docta Ignorantia (On Learned Ignorance), 22, 119 Melozzo da Forl`ı, Sixtus IV and his Nephews Nicholas of Tolentino, St., 58, 60, 92 (formerly Vatican Library; now Vatican Nicholas III, Pope, 227 Pinacoteca), 173 Nicholas V, Pope, 16, 18, 21, 154 , 213 memory, 94, 109–110, 114, 118–119, Nine Angelic Hierarchies, 49. See angels; 132 (memoria), 137, 194 Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite Mercury and Adolescence, 54 Noah, 133 (ﬂood), 172, 176, 191, 192, 197 Micah, Prophet, 19. See also prophets number, 132–133, 136, 211, 212 Michael, St., 49 Michelangelo, 148–150 , 152 , 162, 165 Observance, reform movement of, 35, 145–146, and Augustine, 207 152 , 154 , 169, 182, 213. See also Giles of and Augustinian Hermits, 153 –162 Viterbo; Lecceto; Martin Luther; and Genesis, 188–200 Alessandro Oliva; Girolamo Seripando poetry, 3, 25, 173, 177–178, 179–180, 242 Oliva, Alessandro, da Sassoferato, Cardinal, 37 portrait of, 24, 210, 212 optics, 126 Bacchus, 153 , 154 , 160, 245 Oracula Chaldaica, 22. See also sibyl David, 173 oratory, 6, 27, 148, 172, 179, 190, 211. See also Entombment, 153 , 158 , 160 preaching Last Judgment. See Citta` del Vaticano order, theme of, 180, 210, 211 Pieta`, 151 , 245 ordo, 31 Sistine Chapel Ceiling. See Citta` del Vaticano ordo canonicus, 30 tomb of Julius II, 173, 178, 197 ordo monasticus, 30 Captives, 160, 178 Origen, 121, 171, 246, 254 Michiel, Marcantonio, 58 Orpheus, 137, 162 Michiel, Zuan Giacomo, 240 Orsini, Giordamo, Cardinal, 172 Minerva, 210, 212 miracles, 26, 27, 33, 132 Padua. See Italy Augustine on, 187 painting, 15 , 25, 95, 96, 112–114 Augustine’s miracles, 9, 44, 60, 64, 65, 87. See Palmieri, Matteo, 22 also Padua, Church of Sant’Agostino; Citta` di Vita, 22 Pavia, arca Della Vita Civile, 22 Petrarch on, 111. See also Pseudo-Augustine Palmieri, Niccolo,` 154 , 253

277

INDEX

Pannartz, Arnold, 19. See also Conrad Trionﬁ, 97. See also Pavia Sweynheym Phidias, 113 Paolo Lulmeo da Bergamo, 35 Philip of Cassaboles, 120 papal primacy, 3, 162, 170–171 Philip of Macedonia, 106 paragone, 133 philosophy, 5, 14, 15 , 25, 27, 39, 48, 86, 117, 131, Paris. See France 134, 144, 153 , 160, 233. See also Raphael, passions, 27, 105, 107, 117, 122, 206 Stanza della Segnatura, School of Athens Patricius, 88 Piccolomini, Costanza Ammannati, 154 –158 Paul II, Pope, 168 Piccolomini, Jacopo Ammannati, Cardinal, Paul the Hermit, 53, 55, 58, 60 154 –158 . See also Cardinal Francesco Paul, St., 32, 44, 49, 50, 104–105, 108, 171, 202, Todeschini-Piccolomini 203, 204–205, 206 Pico della Mirandola, 25, 50, 171, 196, 206, 242, Pavia. See Italy 254 Perugino, Pietro, 150 , 163 Apologie, 243 Adoration of the Magi, 163 Oration on the Dignity of Man, 160–161, 199 Assumption, 163, 176, 203 Pietrobono, 137 Baptism of Christ, 167, 170, 191 Pisano, Lorenzo, 23 Circumcision of Moses’ Son, 167–168 Enchiridion, 23 Giving of the Keys, 165, 213 Commentary on the Song of Songs, 23 Pharaoh’s Daughter Finding Moses, 163, 184 Pisano, Nicola, 42 Peter, St., 49, 74, 121, 163, 165–166, 170, 172, 205 Pius II, Pope, 137, 168 Peter Martyr, St., 42 Planisio, Matteo. See Bible Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca), 5, 8, 11, 16, 30, 39, Platina (Bartolomeo Sacchi), 162, 163, 173 43, 54, 93, 94–124, 142, 150 , 162, 207 Plato, 38, 39, 40, 50, 114, 196, 197 and Aristotle, 8, 20, 60, 120, 240 Academy, 151 and Arqua, 11, 100, 115 in the Renaissance, 2, 7–8, 127, 137, 151 , 152 , Ascent of Mont Ventoux, 99–106, 114 153 and Augustine, 2, 28, 99–100, 101, 102–107, Phaedrus, 160 114, 119, 122–123 (Confessions), 99, 108, Timaeus, 210, 212 114 (De civitate Dei ), 99 (Enarrationes in portrait of, 24, 58, 210 Psalmos), 3, 13, 20–21, 23, 27, 38, 93, 98. Symposium, 22. See also Augustine; Cardinal See also Mont Ventoux Bessarion; Marsilio Ficino; Neoplatonism; and Augustinian Hermits, 4, 8, 33, 35–37 Petrarch; Platonism; Girolamo Seripando and Bartolomeo da Urbino, 10 Platonic Academy of Florence, 14 and Boccaccio, 13, 60 Platonism, 14, 98, 150 . See also Neoplatonism; and Bologna, 10 Plato and Francesco Carrara il Vecchio, 52 Pletho (Georgius Gemistus), 21–22, 23, 153 and Colonna family, 51, 98, 229 De rebus Graecis, 243 and friendship, 15 Pliny, the Elder, 15 and Giovanni d’Andrea, 13 Natural History, 16, 113, 137, 228 and Luigi Marsili, 16, 60 Plotinus, 21, 22, 23–24, 25, 26, 50, 127, 129–130 and Michelangelo, 3 Enneads, 238 and Padua, 48 poetry, 2, 13–14, 24, 95, 123, 136, 150 , 210. See and poetry, 98, 99, 117–119, 120, 181 also Michelangelo; Petrarch on painting, 15 Poliziano, Angelo, 16, 151 , 152 , 162, 242 and Platonism, 8, 20–21, 38, 108, 109, 120, Pollaiuoli, family, 24 127–128 Polyclitus, 98, 113 portrait, 210. See also Padua Pomponazzi, Pietro, 152 , 205–206 De otio religioso, 115, 117, 120 Ponticianus, 104 De remediis utriusque fortunae (Remedies for Pontius Samson, 120 Fortune Fair and Foul ), 96, 111–115 Poppi, Counts of, 14 De sui ipsius et multorum ignorantia (“On His Porphyry, 21 Own Ignorance and That of Many Posidonius, 112 Others”), 60, 119–120 Possidius De viris illustribus, 95, 97 Vita, 9, 32, 34, 43, 68–69, 72–73, 75 De vita solitaria, 35, 36, 115, 116, 117, 120, 222 Prato. See Italy Eclogues, 127 preaching, 169, 171, 193–194, 256. See also Secretum, 11, 38, 43, 95, 99, 106–111, 122 oratory; sermons

278

INDEX

prisca theologia, 39, 40, 196, 212 Rule prophecy, 27, 138, 171 of Augustine, 6, 9, 12–13, 18, 29–31 , 32, 33, 34, prophets, 24, 38, 152 , 158 (as seers), 162, 200, 35, 44, 55, 60, 116. See also Regula sororum; 204–206 De vitam et moribus clericorum suorum on Sistine Chapel Ceiling, 171–172, 176 of Benedict, 30–31 Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini, 19–20 Protogenes, 113 Sacraments, 57, 191–192, 197. See also Eucharist Pseudo-Ambrose, 32, 33, 56 Sadoleto, Jacopo Pseudo-Augustine, 152 , 153 Phaedrus, 245 Ad fratressuos in heremo, 56, 75, 116 saints, 42, 43, 122, 146–147, 160, 210 Commentary on Psalm 2, 48 Sallust, 114 Letter to Cyril of Jerusalem, 1169, 70–72, 75, Salutati, Coluccio, 5, 10, 13–14, 15 , 18, 96, 100, 92, 128–129, 136, 235 120, 123–124, 152 , 179, 181, 182 Liber exhortationis, vulgo De salutaribus documentis De seculo et religione, 120 ad quemdam comitem, 221 San Gimignano. See Italy Manuale sive speculum Augustini, 152 Sangiorgio, Giovanni Antonio, 194 Miracle of the Trinity, 71, 92, 119, 128. See also Sano di Pietro Vittore Carpaccio; San Gimignano, St. Augustine Visited by St. Jerome, 235 Church of Sant’Agostino, Founding of the Sansovino, Andrea (Contucci), Augustinian Order and the Miracle of the St. Anne, the Virgin, and Child, 158 Trinity Sapientia, 26, 98. See also Wisdom Sermo de Passione, 32 Savonarola, Girolamo, 150 –151 Soliloquies, 18. See also apocrypha Schedel, Hartmann, 58 Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, 24, 39, 49, scholasticism, 11, 16, 20, 26, 109, 112, 123, 150 , 196, 198 152 , 183, 190 Caelestis Hierarchia, 49–51 science, 12, 25, 26, 54, 93, 102, 120, 133, 139, 144. Pygmalion, 97 See also “allegory of knowledge” Pythagoras, 38, 39, 127, 210, 211, 233 scientia, 12, 116, 122, 139, 143, 211 Pythagoreanism, 36, 133, 211–212 Scipio, 110 sculpture, 2, 25, 95, 96, 97, 112–114, 128 Querini, Vincenzo, 26 Scutellius, Nicolaus Tridentinus, 153 , 243 Quintilian Sebastian, St., 92 Institutio oratoria, 114 seeds, 107–108, 185, 187, 198, 199, 204 Seneca, 13, 15 , 24, 96, 114, 228 Rachel, 121, 234 senses, 1, 2, 3, 23, 26, 27, 93, 97, 126–127, 129, Rampegolus, Antonius, 12, 143, 181, 182, 249 134, 137, 139, 144, 145, 185, 196, 206, 210 Figurae Bibliorum, 12, 182 Augustine on, 9, 23, 105, 110, 135 Raphael Ficino on, 138 Isaiah, Church of Sant’Agostino, Rome, 158 Petrarch and, 98, 99, 100, 108, 112–113, 114, portrait, 212 120, 122, 123 tapestry designs, 170 Seraﬁni, Seraﬁno Paul Preaching at Athens, 204. See also Citta` Augustine and the Allegory of Knowledge, 58 del Vaticano, Vatican Palace, Stanza della Seripando, Girolamo, 5, 151 –152 , 185, 213, 248 Segnatura Quaestiones, 151 Reason (as “Ratio”), 111–113, 114 sermons, 9, 17, 18, 20, 37, 153 , 168 Redemption, doctrine of, 193, 194 Sette, Guido, 120 Reformation, 4, 202, 206, 212 sibyls, 19–20, 22 Reginald of Chartres, Archbishop of Rheims, on Sistine Chapel Ceiling, 19–20, 171–172 39 Oracula Chaldaica, 22 resurrection, 165, 186, 198, 236, 237, 253 Sybilline Oracles, 19, 20, 172 (as Oracula rhetoric, 19, 44, 61, 63, 65, 67, 85–86, 95, 123, Sibillina) 124, 134, 148, 150 , 153 , 214 sight, 3, 7, 40, 121, 127–128, 129–130, 131–132, Riario, Raffaele, Cardinal, 151 , 154 144 (as vision), 146–147, 152 (as vision), Rimini. See Italy 212 Romulus, 95 corporeal, 3, 129–130, 140 Rosselli, Cosimo, 24, 163 (Sermon on the Mount spiritual, 3, 129–130, 140. See also eye, divine and Healing of the Leper), 164, 168, 191 illumination, light, senses (Crossing of the Red Sea) Signorelli, Luca, 165, 203, 204

279

INDEX

signs, 97, 177, 179, 190 time, 93, 102, 150 similitude, 96, 179, 181, 189 Augustine on, 3, 183, 184–187, 199 Simone da Cascia, Fra, 37 Michelangelo on, 3 Simone Martini, 95, 228 Petrarch on, 101 (Confessions), 102, 106, 119 portrait of Laura, 95, 97–98 tituli, 58, 84–86, 165, 171 (as inscriptions), 172, Simplicianus, 32, 33, 44, 56–57, 67, 68, 80, 92, 246 104 Titus, 95 Sistine Chapel. See Citta` del Vaticano Tintoretto ( Jacopo Robusti), 53 Sixtus IV, Pope, 34, 146, 162–172, 173, 208, 213 Tobias and the angel, 92 De sanguine Christi, 167 Todeschini-Piccolomini, Francesco, Cardinal, 87, Socrates, 38, 114, 127, 160, 233 155 , 169 Sodoma (Giovanni Antonio Bazzi), 208, 212 Totis, Timotheus de, 171 solitude, 1, 30, 31 , 34, 36–37, 105, 110, 115–117, Transubstantiation, dogma of, 210 169. See also Petrarch, De otio religioso, De Traversari, Ambrogio, 18, 50 vita solitaria; active and contemplative Trinity Solomon, 119, 165 dogma of, 185, 186, 194, 197, 211 soul, 1, 25, 26, 39, 40, 49, 50, 51, 53, 91, 135–136, representation of, 109, 133, 183, 194 and 202 (as 144, 145, 155 , 158 , 169, 171, 178, 185, 193, threefold Godhead), 208, 210, 213 194, 196–197, 198, 199, 204–205 Trebizond, Andreas of, 170 Augustine on, 4, 23, 27, 91, 104, 126–127, 129, Trebizond, George of, 219 130, 134, 146, 160–161, 183, 185, 186, 187, Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, 105, 196–197, 237. See also De animae quantitate 192 immortality of, 25, 152 , 153 , 204 Trent, Council of, 14, 213 Bessarion on, 21 truth, 7, 119, 121, 131, 136, 142, 189 Ficino on, 138, 153 , 160–161, 185, 239 Truth, 104, 106 Michelangelo and, 4, 182 Petrarch on, 98, 107–109, 117, 119. See also Valeriano, Pierio, 158 ecstasy; frenzy Valerius, 68 Speculum Perfectionis, 145–146 Valerius Maximus, 229 spiritus, 138, 253 Valla, Lorenzo, 26, 27, 50 Staupitz, Johann, 153 Var ro, 38 Stefano, Master Vasari, Giorgio, 96, 188, 200, 203, 235, 245, Healing of the Possessed, Santo Spirito, Florence, 257 12 Vegio, Maffeo, 154 , 183, 228, 244 Navicella, Santo Spirito, Florence, 12 Venice. See Italy Transﬁguration, Santo Spirito, Florence, 12 Ventoux, Mont. See France Stigmatiziation, 140. See also Giotto, Bardi Venus, 54, 135 Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence Venus and Youth, Strambi, Fra Domenico, 15 , 76–80, 83, 85 Veranus, the hermit, 120 Strasbourg, 20 vernacular, 23 studia. See Bologna, Florence, Padua, Paris, Vespasiano da Bisticci, Perugia, Rimini life of Pope Nicholas V, 16 Subiaco. See Italy Vespucci, Giorgio Antonio, 235 subjectivity, 1, 2, 27, 95, 105, 122, 134, 207 vices, 58, 107, 195, 248 Suger, Abbot, 50 Victorinus, 104 sun, 49, 125, 145, 151 Vio, Tommas de. See Cajetan Sun and Young Adulthood, 54 Virgil, 13–14, 15 , 22, 41, 95, 172, 197 Sweynheym, Conrad, 19. See also Arnold Aeneid, 107, 154 , 197, 217 Pannartz Fourth Eclogue, 198 Symmachus, 61 Virgin, 49, 163, 176 (as Mary), 203 virtues, 13, 42, 43, 58, 248 Tertullian Visconti, 10, 42, 43 De resurrectione carnis, 256–257 vita actuosa, 9 theology, 1, 15 , 21, 39, 48, 58, 123, 148, 150 , 160, vita contemplativa, 9, 38. See also contemplative 210, 212. See also Raphael, Stanza della vita mixta (vita composita), 9, 95, 105, 141 Segnatura, Disputa` Vitruvius, 15 Theophrastus, 137 De Architectura, 228 Thomas of Celano, 170 Vives, Juan Luis, 20, 206

280

INDEX

Voragine, Jacobus de, 9–10, 50 wisdom, 19, 38, 121, 132, 172, 194 Legenda aurea (Golden Legend ) 9–10, 43, 67, 73, Wisdom, 25, 26, 27, 81, 94, 98, 116, 122, 125, 75, 140 151 , 190, 193, 194, 211 Sermon on Ambrose, 9 wonder, 132, 139 Tractatus de libris a Beato Augustino editis, 9 word, 11, 35–36, 44, 109, 123, 158 , 171, 178–179, 210, 239 will, 21, 23, 25, 26, 35, 50, 95, 102, 104–105, Word, 179, 180, 184, 185, 190, 193, 198 107, 108, 109–110, 113, 117, 120, 135, 150 , 194, 196, 197, 205, 206, 207, 236. See also Yves de Chartres, Augustine, De libero arbitrio; Robert Decretum, 216 Grosseteste, On Free Will William, Brothers of St., 6, 29 Zaroaster, 212 Wind, Edgar, 4 Zechariah, Prophet, 202

281