Quellen Und Forschungen Aus Italienischen Archiven Und Bibliotheken Band 50 (1971)

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Quellen Und Forschungen Aus Italienischen Archiven Und Bibliotheken Band 50 (1971) Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken Band 50 (1971) Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut Rom Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publikationsplattform der Max Weber Stiftung – Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht- kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. EIN SAMMELBAND ÜBER PAPST PIUS II.* von FRANK RUTGER HAUSMANN Vom 20.-22. Mai 1965 fand in Siena ein Kongreß zur Feier des 500. Todestages von Enea Silvio Piccolomini statt. Die aus diesem Anlaß gehaltenen Festvorträge liegen jetzt in einem von Professor Domenico Maffei, dem Direktor der Accademia degli Intronati, her­ ausgegebenen Sammelband vor. Einige Vorträge wurden überarbeitet und bibliographisch erweitert, zum großen Nutzen des Lesers und zum Vorteil des ganzen Sammelbandes. Haben auch nicht alle Artikel das gleiche Niveau, so läßt sieh doch von einigen Arbeiten (ich denke vor allem an die von Avesani, Franceschini, Olitzky Rubinstein, Ruys- schaert und Strnad) sagen, daß sie weit mehr als akademische Fest­ vorträge sind und ihren festen Platz in der Humanismusforschung finden werden. Rein äußerlich ist zu bemerken, daß der ganze Sammel­ band drucktechnisch hervorragend gestaltet ist und durch sorgfältige Register besticht. Da drei kodikologische und ein kunstgeschichtlicher Aufsatz darin enthalten sind, die von z.T. mehrfarbigen Kunstdruck­ tafeln begleitet werden, wird auch der Freund des schönen Buches auf seine Kosten kommen. Es galt, die vielseitige Persönlichkeit Pius’ II. durch Einzelbei­ träge zu schildern und daraus einen Gesamteindruck des großen Pap­ stes zu vermitteln. So wird uns Pius II. als Mäzen, Bücherfreund und Gelehrter, Dichter und Schriftsteller, Staatsmann und Rechtsdenker vorgestellt. Wir wollen im folgenden möglichst knapp den Gedanken­ gang der einzelnen Artikel nachzeichnen, um so einen Eindruck von der Reichhaltigkeit des Materials zu vermitteln. In den Anmerkungen *) Enea Silvio Piccolomini - Papa Pio II. Atti del Convegno per il Quinto Centenario della Morte e altri Scritti da Domenico Maffei. Siena (Accademia Senese degli Intronati) 1968. 455 S. EIN SAMMELBAND TTBEB PAPST PIUS II. 463 werden weitere bibliographische Hinweise gegeben, die nur kleine Details erhellen können, aber vielleicht doch von Nutzen sind. Den Reigen der Beiträge eröffnet der inzwischen verstorbene Franz Babinger, der sich um die Erforschung der Beziehungen zwi­ schen Abendland und Orient im Quattrocento große Verdienste er­ worben hat, mit „Pio II e l’Oriente maomettano“ (S. 1-13). Pius II. ist der letzte „Kreuzzugspapst“, der sich mit seiner ganzen Kraft für ein gemeinsames Unternehmen der Christenheit gegen den Islam ein­ setzte. Seine Kenntnisse des Islams, die er von seinen Ratgebern Nikolaus von Kues, Juan de Torquemada und Niccolö Sagundino Veneto1) bezogen hatte, waren jedoch oberflächlich. Bis heute ist seine berühmte „Epistola ad Mahumetum“, worin er Mohammed II. den politischen Primat über das Abendland für den Fall der Taufe an­ bietet, rätselhaft. Wann wurde der Brief geschrieben ? Wer beein­ flußte sein Zustandekommen ? Wurde er wirklich abgeschickt ? Warum wurde er gedruckt ? Auch Babinger kann diese Fragen nicht klären, aber durch seine anschauliche Darstellung bekommen wir einen Ein­ blick in die außenpolitische Hauptfrage des Pontifikats Pius II. J) Babinger hat in „Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissen­ schaften, Phil. Hist. Klasse, München 1961, Heft 5“ in seinem Beitrag „Jo­ hannes Darius 0414-1494) Sachwalter Venedigs im Morgenland und sein griechischer Umkreis“ Wesentliches zur Biographie von Niccolö Sagundino beigetragen. Er will dessen Todesdatum und Ort jetzt zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen haben: „Tatsache ist, daß er am 22. 3. 1464, und zwar zu Venedig, das Ziel seiner Tage erreicht hat“ (S. 44). Als Beleg gibt Babinger das Protokoll des Senato Terra vom 22. 3. 1464, in welchem die Kinder des N. S. finanziell sicher­ gestellt werden. Babinger wertet dies als „Totenschein“ des N. S. In besagtem Protokoll steht weder wann noch wo N. S. gestorben ist. Ich halte es für aus­ geschlossen, daß schon an seinem Todestag der Senat sich mit obengenannten Fragen befaßte. Das letzte sichere Zeugnis über Sagundino stammt vom Som­ mer 1462. Babinger scheint jedoch einen Brief des J. A. Campanus (Epistolae et poemata ed. 1707, ep. I. 2, 13-23), der auf Anfang Januar od. Februar 1463 zu datieren ist, nicht gekannt zu haben. Wir wissen natürlich nicht, ob dieser Brief den N. S. noch zu Lebzeiten erreicht hat. Campano hatte Rom nach dem 20. 10. 1462, dem Tag der Ernennung zum Bischof von Cotrone, verlassen, so daß N. S. zu diesem Zeitpunkt in jedem Fall noch gelebt hat. - Der in Babingers obigem Artikel auf S. 22 nicht identifizierte Briefadressat des N. S. mit Namen „Narcyssus“ ist Narcisso de Verduno, der spätere Bischof von Mileto, über den Vespasiano da Bisticci in den Vite (ed. Ancona-Aeschlimann, S. 182-184) ausführlich handelt. 464 FRANK RUTGER HAUSMANN Der zweite Aufsatz trägt den Titel „Epaeneticorum ad Pium II Pont. Max. libri V“ (S. 15-97) und stammt von Rino Avesani, der durch seine subtilen Untersuchungen der Bibliothek des Agostino Patrizi hinreichend bekannt ist. Avesani untersucht Cod. Chig. J VII 260 der Vatikanischen Bibliothek, eben jene „Epaenetica“. Es handelt sich um eine Sammelhandschrift in Form einer Anthologie, in der die namhaftesten Dichter aus Pius’ II. Gelehrtenkreis vertreten sind. Wir kennen mehrere ähnliche Sammelhandschriften auf erlauchte Per­ sönlichkeiten aus dieser Zeit (Hinweise bei Avesani, 91 ff.), doch keine auf eine lebende Person. - Das Bild des „musenfeindlichen“ Pius, der auf dem Mincio den ihn anbettelnden Dichtern schlagfertig mit seinem „Discite pro numeris . .“ antwortete, ist zu korrigieren, denn Avesani weist einleuchtend nach, daß der Codex Chigianus von Pius II. selber in Auftrag gegeben wurde (wie sein Triestiner Zwilling, Cod. Rossetti Piccol. II 25 der Biblioteca Civica). So vermittelt die Sammlung, in der Männer wie Porcellio Pandoni (auf dessen „De poetis et oratoribus sui temporis“, eine erste Literaturgeschichte vor Campanos ähnlichem Werk, Brief VI. 1, sei in diesem Zusammenhang noch einmal verwie­ sen), Campano, Crivelli, Tridentone u.v.a. vertreten sind, einen leb­ haften Überblick über die enkomiastischen Dichter des Pius-Kreises. Avesanis gelehrte Anmerkungen und seine überaus reichhaltigen und vollständigen bibliographischen Angaben verleihen dem Ganzen den Charakter einer Literaturgeschichte für die neulateinische Dichtung des Quattrocento, die leider immer noch fehlt. Aber auch der Histori­ ker, der sich mit Pius II. und seiner Zeit beschäftigt, wird reiches Material finden, da alle Höhepunkte seines Pontifikats dichterisch hier ihren Niederschlag gefunden haben. Eine Edition und Kommentierung der ganzen Sammlung sollte uns Avesani bald vorlegen2). Acht Tafeln erläutern das Gesagte anschaulich. s) Zur Person und literarischen Tätigkeit - vor allem als Übersetzer - des Niccolö della Valle (S. 84) wäre die Arbeit von A. Khomentovskaia, La famiglia della Valle nella storia dell’epigrafia umanistica, ( = Areh. D. Societä Romana di Storia Patria LVIII, 1935, 99-118) noch zu nennen; zu einigen Dichtern Hinweise bei Leicester Bradner, The neo-latin epigram in Italy in the fifteenth Century, (= Medievalia et Humanistica VIII, 1954, 62-70) und in der bis heute unübertroffenen Darstellung von Georg Ellinger, Italien und der deutsche Humanismus in der neulateinischen Lyrik (Berlin-Leipzig 1929) Bd. I. EIN SAMMELBAND ÜBER PAPST PITJS II. 465 Der dritte Beitrag von Remo Ceserani, „Note sull’attivita di scrittore di Pio II“ (S. 99-115), der wieder Vortragscharakter hat, soll zeigen, daß Werk und Leben des Piccolominipapstes miteinander harmonieren, daß er alle Gedanken in die Tat umsetzt, daß diese Taten wiederum ihren Niederschlag in der Reflexion, in seinen Schrif­ ten, finden. Dies wird vor allem an einigen Passagen der Commentarii gezeigt („che egli non solo tende a trasformare le parole in gesti, ma anche i gesti in parole. Tende ... ad accompagnare i periodi di azione con quelli di riflessione . .“ S. 104). Ceseranis Beobachtungen sind jedoch eher feuilletonistische Marginalien, als daß sie in die Tiefe Vordringen. Cecil H. Clough widmet in „The Chancery letter-files of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini“ (S. 117-132) der Rekonstruktion von Piccolo­ minis Epistolar einige Überlegungen, deren Ziel es ist,,. to illustrate how a calendar of the Chancery archives’ letter-files could be produced, and to suggest the rewards of such a task.“ (S. 121). Die Aufgaben, die das Epistolar Pius’ II. bietet, sind hinreichend bekannt. Cloughs Auslassungen, die i.ü. vorwiegend aus Hypothesen bestehen und sich z.T. recht vage anhören (z.B. S. 130 die Vermutungen über die Druck­ legung der Briefe Pius’ II.) mögen als Arbeitsgrundlage interessant sein, zu gleichen und besseren Ergebnissen müßte aber auch die syste­ matische Fortführung der von Wolkan begonnenen Edition kommen. Kein Herausgeber wird die Recherchen in italienischen Archiven unter­ lassen, um Briefe von
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