CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE L- Lazarists by James Strong & John Mcclintock
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY REFERENCE CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE L- Lazarists by James Strong & John McClintock To the Students of the Words, Works and Ways of God: Welcome to the AGES Digital Library. We trust your experience with this and other volumes in the Library fulfills our motto and vision which is our commitment to you: MAKING THE WORDS OF THE WISE AVAILABLE TO ALL — INEXPENSIVELY. AGES Software Rio, WI USA Version 1.0 © 2000 2 L La'adah (Heb. Ladah', hD;[]li, order; Sept. Laada> v. r. Mada>q), the second named of the two sons of Shelah (son of Judah), and founder (" father") of Mareshah, in the lowlands of Judah (I Chronicles 4:21). B.C. cir. 1873. La'adan (Heb. Ladan', ˆD;[]li, arranger), the name of two men. 1. (In <132307>1 Chronicles 23:7-9, Sept. Leada>n v. r. Ejda>n, Vulg. Leedan; in <132621>1 Chronicles 26:21, Leda>n v. r. Lada>n, Laada>n, Ledan.) The first named of the two sons of Gershom, the son of Levi; elsewhere called LIBNI (<130617>1 Chronicles 6:17). 2. (Sept. Galaada>v v. r. Lada>n, Lada>n,Vulg. Laadan.) Apparently the son of Tahan and father of Ammihud, of the posterity of Ephraim (1 Chronicles vii 26). B.C. post 1612. Laanah. SEE WORMWOOOD. Labadie, Jean De, a French enthusiast, and the founder of the religious sect known as Labadists. was born at Bourg, in Guienne, Feb. 13, 1610. Educated in the Jesuits' school at Bordeaux, he entered their order, began the study of theology in 1626, and soon distinguished himself as a preacher. Struck with the abuses existing in the Romish Church, he clamored for reform. but, meeting with no encouragement in his order, he left it to join the Fathers of the Oratory in 1639, and very shortly afterwards the Jansenists. In 1640 he was appointed canon of Amiens, and at once inaugurated various reforms. He held conventicles for the purpose of Bible reading, and administered the Lord's Supper in both kinds to the people. To prevent his progress, he was removed in 1646, and sent as preacher and inspector to the convents of the third order of St. 3 Francis in Guienne. Still persecuted by the Jesuits, he joined the Reformed Church at Montauban in 1650, and entered the Protestant ministry under very auspicious circumstances. In 1657 he became pastor in Orange, and in 1659 in Geneva. In both situations he exerted himself to the utmost for the restoration of apostolic religion on Pietistic principles, and gained many partisans, especially in Geneva. In 1666 he became pastor of a Walloon church in Middelburg, but, by the machinations of his enemies, was obliged to leave it, and in 1669 went to Amsterdam, where his followers soon formed a distinct religious sect, known as LABADISTS. Peter Yvon was one of their preachers. Having been expelled from the country as a separatist, Labadie went in 1670 to Hereford, where, through the influence of his disciple, the learned Anna Marie von Schurmann (who appears to have become his wife afterwards), he was protected by the princess Elizabeth. But, again driven away (in 1674) by the authorities as an Anabaptist, he went successively to Bremen and Altona. Here he managed, with the assistance of Peter Yvon and De Lignon, to hold private meetings and to disseminate his doctrines. He died at Altona Feb. 13, 1674. His principal works are, Le herault du grand roi Jesus (Amst. 1667, 12mo):- Le vseitable exorcisme, ou l'unique moyen de chasser le Diable du monde Chretien (Amsterd. 1667, 12mo):-Le chant royal du roi Jesus-Christ (Amsterd. 1670,12mo):-Les saintes Decades (Amst. 1671, 8vo):-L'empire du St. Esprit (Amst. 1671, 12mo): — La reformation de l'iglise; La jeune religieuse; L'carrivee apostolique; Abregy du Christianisme (transl. into German, Frankf. 1742); etc. According to their confession of faith (Declaration d. reinen Lehre u. d. gesunden Glaubens d. Joh. de L., etc., Heref. 1671), the Labadists did not entirely differ from the Reformed Church, whose symbolic books they accepted. They supported themselves by manual labor. and, after the example of the primitive Church, possessed everything in common; they insisted that great stress is to be laid on the internal light, and that it alone can make the outer revelation intelligible. They, however, declared against infant baptism; also against the second baptism of the Anabaptists; and rejected the observance of the Sabbath on the plea that for them life was a perpetual Sabbath, etc. The reproach of immorality which some Roman Catholic writers have preferred against them is unfounded; they recognised and honored the institution of matrimony. After Labadie's death his followers removed to Wiewert, in the duchy of Cleves, but gained few adherents, and the sect gradually disappeared about the middle of the 18th 4 century. At the opening of the 18th century they attempted to establish themselves in the United States of America; a few of their number settled on the banks of the Hudson River as missionaries, but they do not seem to have taken a special hold. See A. Pauli and J. Hund, Antilabadie (Hamm, 1671,4to); L. G. Engelschall, Richtige Vorurtheile d. heutigen Welt (1716), p. 652-682; Dr. Schotel, A. M. v. Schurmann (Hertogenb. 1853); Arnold, Kirchen u. Ketzergesch, ii, 680; Hagenbach, Gesch. der Reformation, 4:407 sq.; Gobel, Gesch. d. christl. Lebens in d. Rheinisch- Westpholischen evangel. Kirche (Coblenz, 1852), vol. ii; Zeitschr. d. histor. theol. 1853, 1854. Labadists. SEE LABADIE. Labagh, Peter, D.D., a Reformed (Dutch) minister, was born in 1773 in New York city, of French and Hollandish descent. After receiving his classical education from Dr. Peter Wilson, of Hackensack, N. J., his theological studies were pursued under Drs. Froeligh and Livingston, professors of theology in the Reformed Dutch Church. He was licensed in 1796, and immediately went to Western New York on a tour of missionary exploration, and afterwards proceeded on horseback to Kentucky, where he organized a Church in Mercer County. Returning to New York, he settled as a pastor in Greenbush, Rensselaer County, where he remained until 1809, and then removed to the united churches of Shannock and Harlingen. He retained the pastorate of the latter Church until 1844. He died among his own people in 1858, revered and beloved by all. Dr. Labagh possessed an active, acute, and powerful mind, rapid in its movements, sound in its conclusions, and distinguished by great accuracy of judgment. In ecclesiastical assemblies he was always a leading debater and counsellor. In the endowment of the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, and in all the great movements of his denomination, he was a vigorous and successful worker. He was a clear, strong, and experimental preacher. During the great revival of 1831 his Church experienced a work of grace which " shook the whole community for miles around." This was the crowning glory of his long ministry. His latter years were spent in patriarchal retirement. He was cheerful, happy, overflowing with good- humor, mother-wit, and strong common sense, and, above all, with a deep 5 piety which illumined his ministry and consecrates his memory. A Memoir of him was published in 1860 by Rev. John A. Todd, D.D. (12mo). (W. J. R. T.) La'ban (Hebrew Laban', ˆb;l;, white, as frequently; comp. Simonis, Onon. V. T. p. 100; Septuag. La>ban, but Lobo>n in <050101>Deuteronomy 1:1; Josephus La>banov, Ant. i, 16, 2), the name of a man and also of a place. 1. An Aramwean herd-owner in Mesopotamia, son of Bethuel (<012805>Genesis 28:5), and kinsman of Abraham (<012415>Genesis 24:15, 29), being a grandson (ˆBe, not simply "son," as usual; see Gesenius, Thesaur. p. 216) of Nahor (<012905>Genesis 29:5). During the lifetime of his father, and by his own consent, his sister Rebekah was married to Isaac in Palestine (<012450>Genesis 24:50 sq.). B.C. 2024. SEE REBEKAH. Jacob, one of the sons by this marriage, on leaving home through fear of Esau, complied with his parents' wishes by contracting a still closer affinity with the family of his uncle Laban, and while seeking the hand of his daughter Rachel at the price of seven years' toil, was eventually compelled by Laban's artifice to marry first his oldest daughter, Leah (Genesis 29). B.C. 1927-1920. SEE JACOB. When Jacob, having fulfilled the additional seven years' service thus imposed upon him, and six years more under a contract to take care of his cattle (in which time he managed to repay his overreaching uncle by a less culpable stratagem), was returning by stealth across the Euphrates, Laban pursued him with intentions that were only diverted by a preternatural dream, and, overtaking him at Mt. Gilead, charged him with the abduction of his daughters and the theft of his household gods, which Rachel had clandestinely carried off, and now concealed by a trick characteristic of her family, but was at length pacified, and formed a solemn treaty of amity with Jacob that should mutually bind their posterity (Genesis 30, 31). B.C. 1907. Niemeyer (Charakt. ii, 246) has represented Laban in a very odious light, but his conduct appears to have been in keeping with the customs of the times, and, indeed, of nomades in all ages, and compares not unfavorably with that of Jacob himself. (See Kitto, Daily Illustra. vol. i; Abulfeda, Anteislam, ed. Fleischer, p. 25; Hitzig, Geschichte Israel [Lpz. 1869], p. 40, 49 sq.; Ewald, History of Israel [transl. London, 1869], i, 346 sq.) — Winer, ii, 1 sq.