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Burgundian Gothic Architecture

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BURGUNDIAN GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE ROBERT BRANNER DEPARTMENT OF ART HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK A. ZWEMMER LTD LONDON tjj V1 © 1960 A. ZWEMMER LTD, 76-80 CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON WC2 MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BLOCKS ETCHED BY W. F. SEDGWICK LTD, LONDON SEI TEXT AND ILL USTRATIONS PRINTED BY PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES AND CO. LTD, BRADFORD BOUND BY KEY AND WHITING LTD, LONDON NI Contents List of Plates I. Auxerre Cathedral, the interior of the chevet 2a. Anzy Ie Due, the nave 2b. Paray Ie Monial, the nave 3a. Fontenay, the nave 3b. Pontigny, the nave 4a. Fontenay, the chapter house 4b. Vermenton, detail of the nave sa. Bar sur Aube, St Pierre, the exterior of the chevet sb. Bar sur Aube, St Maclou, detail of the nave 6a. Chablis, St Pierre, the nave 6b. Montreal, the crossing and apse 7a. Langres Cathedral, the interior 7b. Bar sur Aube, St Maclou, the nave Sa. Sens Cathedral, the interior of the chevet sb. Chablis, St Martin, the hemicycle 9a. Auxerre, St Eusebe, the nave 9b. Vezelay, the interior of the chevet 10. Pontigny, the interior of the chevet lIa. Canterbury, a detail of Trinity Chapel IIb. Geneva, former Cathedral, a detail of the choir 12a. Troyes, Madeleine, a detail of the choir I2b. Sens Cathedral, a detail of the north tower wall 13a. Auxerre Cathedral, the north aisle of the chevet 13b. Clamecy, St Martin, the ambulatory wall 14. Auxerre Cathedral, an exterior detail of the hemicycle clerestory IS. Auxerre Cathedral, a detail of the clerestory and triforium 16a. Dijon, Notre Dame, a detail of the choir 16b. Troyes, St Urbain, a detail of the choir 17a. Dijon, Notre Dame, the north transept Vlll BURGUNDIAN GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 17b. Reims, St Remi, a detail of the inner face of the west fac;:ade IS. Dijon, Notre Dame, the interior 19. Dijon, Notre Dame, the porch 20. Chalon sur Saone Cathedral, the interior of the chevet 21. Semur en Auxois, Notre Dame, the interior 22a. Nevers Cathedral, part of the nave 22b. Semur en Auxois, Notre Dame, a detail of the north transept 23a. Auxonne, the apse 23 b. Sens, St Jean, the ambulatory and chapel 24a. Bourges, St Pierre, the interior 24b. Bourges, St Pierre, the pier at the entrance to the southern chapel 24C. St Seine, the nave from the east 25a. Rougemont, a detail of the nave 25b. Cluny, Notre Dame, the nave from the east 26a. St Pere sous Vezelay, the interior 26b. Villeneuve sur Yonne, the interior of the chevet 27a. St Julien dll Sault, the ambulatory 27b. Villeneuve sur Yonne, the ambulatory 2Sa. Auxonne, a detail of the eastern bays of the nave 2sb. St Julien du Sault, the south aisle of the nave from the east 29a. Lyon Cathedral, a detail of the triforium passage in the north transept 29b. Lyon Cathedral, the interior 30a. Macon, former Cathedral, a view from the west by J. B. Lallemand (Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale, Estampes, Ve 26 p, 2 IS) 30b. St Thibault, a detail of the St Gilles chapel 30C. Macon, former Cathedral, a detail of the north aisle wall of the nave 31. St Thibault, the apse 32. Auxerre, St Germain, the interior 33. Auxerre, St Germain, the ambulatory and chapel 34. Dijon, St Benigne, the interior 35. Mussy sur Seine, the apse 36a. Chalon sur Saone Cathedral, the nave LIST OF PLATES IX 36b. Varzy, St Pierre, a detail of the nave 37a. St Satur, the hemicycle 37b. Nevers Cathedral, the interior of the chevet 38a. Flavigny, St Pierre, anonymous view of the nave in the XIX c. (Paris, Bibliotheque NationaLe, Estampes, Ve 26 p, 145 rO) 38b. Troyes. St Etienne, anonymous view in the late XVIII c. (Troyes, Musee Historique de Troyes et de La Champagne) 39a. Flavigny, St Pierre, a detail of the nave 39b. Flavigny, St Pierre, a detail of the narthex 39C. Troyes, St Etienne, capital (Troyes, Musee de La Ville [St Loup]) 39d. Flavigny, St Pierre, a detail of the trumeau (now at Seigny) 40a. Boiscommun, the nave 40b. Blecourt, the nave 4OC. L'Epau, the north transept and part of the north aisle from the west 41a. Minot, the nave 41b. Aignay Ie Duc, the nave 41C. Petit Ouges, the apse 42a. Chalon sur Saone Cathedral, a detail of the intermediate respond in the choir 42b. Vezelay, a detail of the passage running across the western wall of the narthex 43a. Nevers Cathedral, a detail of the north arm of the west transept 43b. Nevers Cathedral, a detail of an ambulatory respond w. Aignay Ie Duc, a detail of the nave 44b. L'Epau, a detail of the nave 45a. Sens Cathedral, the capitals of the south weak pier of the ambulatory 45b. Ste Colombe les Sens, the capital unearthed by Brullee (now in the garden) List of Text Illustrations PAGE I. Map of eastern France and the Yonne Valley IS 2. Rib profiles: a. Pontigny, nave; b. Pontigny, nave, western bay; c. BIeneau, crossing, and Sementron; d. Ligny Ie Chatel; e. St Sauveur; £ Vezelay, narthex and Avallon, St Martin du Bourg; g. Vaux (schematic) 17 3. Vermenton, elevation of the nave 21 4. Bar sur Aube, St Maclou, ground plan with suggested original eastern termination 24 5. Pier plans: a. Dijon, St Benigne (after Chomton); b. Irancy; c. Bar sur Aube, St Maclou (not in scale) 25 6. Base profiles: a. Chablis, St Pierre, crossing pier; b. Montreal, collegiate church, crossing pier; c. Bar sur Aube, St Maclou, crossing pier; d. Langres Cathedral, axial chapel; e. Langres Cathedral, ambulatory; f. Dijon, St Benigne, XII c. nave (after Chomton); g. Dijon, St Philibert (not measured); h. Flavigny, St Pierre, narthex trumeau 27 7. Arras Cathedral, chevet plans: a. suggested original plan; b. suggested plan as executed 33 8. Auxerre Cathedral, chevet, longitudinal section (after King) 41 9. Auxerre Cathedral, suggested elevation of choir as projected 42 10. Auxerre Cathedral, entrance to chapel 44 II. Auxerre Cathedral, detail of entrance to chapel (after Viollet-Ie-Duc) 44 12. Clamecy, St Martin, interior 47 13. Clamecy, St Martin, plan with restored western end 48 14. Clamecy, St Martin, exterior massing as projected 49 IS. Dijon, Notre Dame, plans (afterJolivet, 1762): I. ground plan, showing foundations; II. plan at triforium level, showing vaults; III. nave pier; IV. triforium support (strong); V. iron clamp holding detached shafts in triforium; VI-VIII. crossing tower 55 16. Dijon, Notre Dame, apse exterior 57 17. Dijon, Notre Dame, longitudinal section of western end 61 18. Semur, Notre Dame, plan with destroyed north transept porch and fourteenth-century portions 66 .. Xll BURGUNDIAN GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE PAGE 19. Nevers Cathedral, plan (after Congres archeologique, 1913) 69 20. Map of XIII c. sites in Burgundy 72 21. Premery, nave, detail 77 22. Nevers, St Gildard, suggested original disposition (looking west) 78 23. Lyon Cathedral, elevation of south transept, south bay 85 24. St Julien du Sault, suggested original ground plan, pier plans and ambulatory rib profIle 87 25. Sens Cathedral, axial chapel 89 26. Sens Cathedral, clerestory tracery (hemicycle) 90 27. Macon, former Cathedral, section (after 1797 drawing) 92 28. Map of sites in Catalogue 102 29. Aignay Ie Duc, plan and responds 103 30. Appoigny, plan and rib profIles 104 31. Asnieres en Montagne, plan 106 32. Auxerre Cathedral, plan of the chevet with XII c. sacristy 107 33. Auxerre, St Germain, plan with 1277 and 1362 campaigns 109 34. Auxonne, plan and piers 110 35. Bar sur Aube, St Maclou, ogive profues I II 36. Bar sur Aube, St Pierre, plan and piers with wall-responds 112 37. La Benissons Dieu, profIle of nave rib II4 38a.Beze, eastern elevation of the chevet 115 38b.Beze, schematic sketch of the crossing, from the north-east 116 39. Blecourt, plan and rib profile II7 40. Bleneau, plan and pier II8 41. Boiscommun, plan with XV c. western end, and rib profiles 119 42. Bourbonne les Bains, plan 120 43. Bourges, St Pierre, plan, ambulatory rib profile and base profIle of pier at entrance to south chapel 121 44. Chablis, St Martin, plan 123 45. Chalon sur Saone Cathedral, plan 124 46. Chaumont, nave piers from the south [ue: a. eastern weak; b. eastern strong; c. western weak; d. western strong 126 LIST OF TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS XUl PAGE 47. Citeaux, plan (after Dimier) 127 48. Clairvaux, plan (after Dimier) 128 49. Clamecy, profiles of ribs from the fIrSt campaign: a. ogive; b. transverse arch; c. wall-rib 128 50. CIWlY, St Pierre et St Paul, profiles of ribs from the narthex (after Conant): a. eastern bay; b. western bays 130 51. Cluny, Notre Dame, plan 131 52. Cussey les Forges, plan 13 I 53. DUon, St Benigne, XIII c. plan, with campaigns, and XII c. portal 134 54. DUon, Ste Chapelle, plan (after Vallery-Radot) 135 55. Entrains, plan 137 56. L'Epau, plan (after Barat) with rib-profile and respond from the apse 137 57. Epoisses, plan and piers 138 58. Flavigny, St Pierre: a. rib from the main vault of the nave; b. rib from the aisle vault of the nave (now in Museum) 140 59. Flavigny, St Genes, plan 141 60. Gerland, plan 142 61. Guillon, plan 143 62. ]oinville, plan 144 63. Langres Cathedral, plan 145 64. Langres, St Martin, plan, and profIle of apse ogive 146 65. Lyon Cathedral, plan and details: a. base; b. triforium rib profile; c. respond plan, all from north transept, west wall, south bay; d. base from the second pier from the west, south fIle, nave; e. rib profile from the crossing and nave; f.
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  • The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance

    The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance

    •••••••• ••• •• • .. • ••••---• • • - • • ••••••• •• ••••••••• • •• ••• ••• •• • •••• .... ••• .. .. • .. •• • • .. ••••••••••••••• .. eo__,_.. _ ••,., .... • • •••••• ..... •••••• .. ••••• •-.• . PETER MlJRRAY . 0 • •-•• • • • •• • • • • • •• 0 ., • • • ...... ... • • , .,.._, • • , - _,._•- •• • •OH • • • u • o H ·o ,o ,.,,,. • . , ........,__ I- .,- --, - Bo&ton Public ~ BoeMft; MA 02111 The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance ... ... .. \ .- "' ~ - .· .., , #!ft . l . ,."- , .• ~ I' .; ... ..__ \ ... : ,. , ' l '~,, , . \ f I • ' L , , I ,, ~ ', • • L • '. • , I - I 11 •. -... \' I • ' j I • , • t l ' ·n I ' ' . • • \• \\i• _I >-. ' • - - . -, - •• ·- .J .. '- - ... ¥4 "- '"' I Pcrc1·'· , . The co11I 1~, bv, Glacou10 t l t.:• lla l'on.1 ,111d 1 ll01nc\ S t 1, XX \)O l)on1c111c. o Ponrnna. • The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance New Revised Edition Peter Murray 202 illustrations Schocken Books · New York • For M.D. H~ Teacher and Prie11d For the seamd edillo11 .I ltrwe f(!U,riucu cerurir, passtJgts-,wwbly thOS<' on St Ptter's awl 011 Pnlladfo~ clmrdses---mul I lr,rvl' takeu rhe t>pportrmil)' to itJcorporate m'1U)1 corrt·ctfons suggeSLed to nu.• byfriet1ds mu! re11iewers. T'he publishers lwvc allowed mr to ddd several nt•w illusrra,fons, and I slumld like 10 rltank .1\ Ir A,firlwd I Vlu,.e/trJOr h,'s /Jelp wft/J rhe~e. 711f 1,pporrrm,ty /t,,s 11/so bee,r ft1ke,; Jo rrv,se rhe Biblfogmpl,y. Fc>r t/Jis third edUfor, many r,l(lre s1m1II cluu~J!eS lwvi: been m"de a,,_d the Biblio,~raphy has (IJICt more hN!tl extet1si11ely revised dtul brought up to date berause there has l,een mt e,wrmc>uJ incretlJl' ;,, i111eres1 in lt.1lim, ,1rrhi1ea1JrP sittr<• 1963,. wlte-,r 11,is book was firs, publi$hed. It sh<>uld be 110/NI that I haw consistc11tl)' used t/1cj<>rm, 1./251JO and 1./25-30 to 111e,w,.firs1, 'at some poiHI betwt.·en 1-125 nnd 1430', .md, .stamd, 'begi,miug ilJ 1425 and rnding in 14.10'.
  • “Cathedral-Style” Churches

    “Cathedral-Style” Churches

    “Cathedral-Style” Churches After the turn of the century, Ukrainian congregations often grew to a size where their small church buildings were impractical. The years from about 1920 to 1940 thus witnessed the construction of many large Ukrainian churches in Manitoba. These were no longer simple log or light wood frame structures like those built by the early settlers. The new churches were more elaborate structures, larger in scale and often more sophisticated in ornamentation; similar in conception to the large Ukrainian Baroque churches like the restored St. Sophia in Kiev, the Church of the Holy Trinity and the Chapel of the Three Saints. Although not technically cathedrals – which are the seats of bishops – these churches are so extraordinary, especially in a rural landscape, that they are frequently called “prairie cathedrals.” Considering the modest nature of the log or wood frame churches examined previously in this study, the large churches designed for Ukrainian Catholic and Ukrainian Orthodox congregations in Manitoba during the 1920s, 30s, 40, and 50s are remarkable. Foremost among these are the Ukrainian Catholic churches designed by Father Philip Ruh. His designs for “cathedral‐style” churches adorn the countryside outside Manitoba from Edmonton, Alberta to St. Catharineʹs, Ontario. Research to date attributes 33 structures to this amazing man. Ruh’s influence also spread to other communities in less direct ways. He was often called upon by various congregations to discuss the designs for new churches and the two main contractors working for Ruh relied on his designs for the churches they built without his supervision. Ruh was prolific and his designs influential.