DOG S :

THEIR ORIGIN AND VARIETIES

D IREC TIONS AS TO THEIR

GENERAL M ANAGEM ENT,

AN D SIM PLE INST RUCT IONS AS TO

THE I R T R E A T M E N T U N D E R D I S E A S E

DS D. H R ON H. RIC A ,

” r h um a n o r THE NATURAL m arow or THE 1 11 e rossu, Du n, ” D OM ESTIC F OWL, l TC ETC

W TH NUM E US IL LU S T NS ON WO I RO T RA IO OD .

NEW YORK

E D I) O R A N G J U C O M P A N Y,

AG ICULTU L BOOK PUBLI S RS R RA HE ,

24 B W 5 ROAD AY. m4 3 z,

AKE ES . J IO W. B R UN R A. , Q, ,

OF BALLYTOBIN, CO. KILKI NNY.

Mr DEAR Sm , f Pe rmit me to in scribe to you the ollowing p ages, with the hope th at you will not deem them a ltogether unworthy

a ar of you r accept ance . I know th t you e , like myself, a w arm friend and admi re r of the noble anim al whose hi story and h abits they are designed to illustrate and trust th at you will receive, in the spirit in which it is tende red, this, the

r ff r r only tribute in my powe to o e , in etu rn for the ve ry kind and v alu able assistance you extended to me in the prep ara i t on of the work .

Be lie ve me, my de ar Sir,

You r grateful Friend,

HAR S H. D . RIC D ON

CONTENTS .

C PT I HA ER .

0 3 m m or 1 8 ! Doc

C PT II HA ER .

EAR LY HIS TORY OF THE DOG m

CHAPTER III .

' — Va nrs n ms o r T HE Do e Wu .» Do e s . Th e Dingo of Au stra lia 28 W l ld Dog o f C hina ’ The Karal ah é Of Ne w ze aland " 3 0 Agu a m Of SU nIh America . t 0 0 o 0 0 0 o The Dh ol e o f I ndia 3 0 De e b o f Egy pt . J ungl e K oo la 3 ] Wi l d Dog o f S ou th

C I HAPTER V.

— - — Cu es l . G nnr nous ns . S r mm v x sro u A . Rou o n a vfloux ns .

36 e rs ian G re hou nd tw s b-v a i P y , o u r e Il igh 51 tie s 56 S cottish G reyho u nd 54 G ree k G re yhou nd Russian G reyhound 55 Arabia n G reyhound

CHAPTER V.

— — ' G nnv n ou x ns . S unm vrsx o n B S mo o t n a r nou x ns . Co mmon B ritish G reyh ou nd 57 T urkish - ta ian re h ound . 60 i e r h ound of ou th m eri I l G y T g S A ca.

C PTE VI HA R . — SE CO ND CLA S S G ROUP I . 62 Cattle Dog of Cuba ‘ 65 Pa rla h o f l ndia u n u " 6 u Afri ca n Bloodho u nd . 7 M e x ica n Taygote 68 Fl orida Wo lf 68

CHAPTER VII

Hous n C LL s s nopx nmr s o A I D . The Tal bot 71 Th e O tte r-h ou nd The 72 The Spanish Po m te r Th e S taghou nd 74 The Portugue se Pointe r Th e O rie nta l 75 The Fre nch Pow te r The 76 The I tal ian Po i nter Th e 76 Th e E ngl is h Poin te r Th e Beagle . o o o o o 77 The Da lm a tia n . o o o o o o o o o o ¢ o o o o o o o o The Ke rry Be agle 1 0 CONTENTS .

TERRIERS .

PAG E h me rican The R ussian 89 Sou t A T he co ttish two v arie ti e s 83 M e x ica n rairie S , P The I sl e o f Syke T e rrier 83 T urns E nglish 84 hialte se Te n ler o o o o o o o o . . o o o o o o o o o o 84

CHAPTER VIII . - nm nn on Wow Do e G OUP . NEwr oux , R ‘

-n u u n n u Ne wfou ndland Dog -u 87

-o Labrador Dog 89 G re e nland Dog n u I ta l ian o r Pyre ne an Wo lf-Dog 91 L a pl a nd Dog ’ ’ 92 h e h e rd s Do o f Sco tla nt or o le Po m e rania n Dog . S p g y ’ l 92 he he rd s Do of . Hare I ndian Dog . S p g C ’ Th e M ai le d Dog 93 S he ph e rd s Dog of France . ’ E sq u imau x Dog 93 Drove r s Dog . Sibe ri a n Dog

C PT IX HA ER .

THE SP ANIELS . S e tter or a nd a nie three varie rin e r L Sp l , Sp g 97 Ble nhe im Wa te r Spanie l 98 Ki ng Cocke r

- WAT ER DO G S .

G reat Rough Water-Dog 1 03 Littl e Ba rbe t Poodle . o o o o o o o " 0 0 0 1 03 Lion DO

C PT X HA ER . — THIRD G REAT CLA S S . M ASTI F F S .

DOg Of Thibe t O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 05 ' ernard or Al in astifi 1 06 P u Dog o f S t. B p e M g S panish or C uba M astiff . 1 09 B ri tish

E CHAPT R X I.

M O NG RELS . 1 1 3 1 1 3

DrO‘Ipe r o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o 1 1 3 G riffin B u ll 1 1 3 K angaroo Al icant 1 1 3

C PTE X II HA R .

G E NERAL M ANAG E M E NT or T HE DOG , I NC LUDING Ca or r mo , AND TE E RE M O

C PT X III HA ER .

DISEASES o r THE DOG .

1 2] Dis te m pe r . o o o o . . o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Dumb M adne ss . ’ cw ke l in the Ear -0 0 0 0 1 29, c o stlve ne ss o o o o o o o o O O O O O Q O O O O Q O O O Q

au ndi 23 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o c o -c o l ce 1 HOW tO blee d 0 . c o .

Worm s . .

"w e 0 0 . DOGS

THEIR NATURAL HISTORY, ETC.

CHAPTER I .

RIGIN - DR T E D G; W H . O

“ IT is in far remote age s of The E arth and Anim ated ” Nature th at we h ave to seek for trace s of the origin of this noble and generou s anim al , which , while some h ave pl aced an s s as s of a s h s the lion , d ome the hor e , the fir t qu druped , a enjoyed the especi al privilege and well -merited honor o f

ll nce F E M AN . s has a being ,par ex ce e , the RI ND OF Thi dhered fa and r all vi i to him in adv e rsity , since the ll , th ough c ssi s s a a s a a tude s . I should be di po ed to w rd to thi nim l the next a m an s a f at all s r successive pl ce to in the c le o , event , mo al i n s a f a a s r being . True th at phy ic l orm tion , the v riou t ibe s o f Simi a and Or an s would appea r to a pp roxim ate the most closely to hum anity but i n intellectu al development I think th e y will be gene rally conceded to be inferior to ou r noble

f D . ri e nd , THE OG n i f a So ne a rly aki s the intelligence o the dog to re son , th at we a re sometimes puzzled to account for the actions

. A s which result from it Pope says, when apostrophizing the eleph ant

Twix ha and e as on ha a nice a i t t t r , w t b rr er ” o e se a a e F r ver p r t , yet forever ne ar. s a E s ay on M n.

But Pope , among the m any poets, has al so fu rni shed a ve ry e a a s a f its a i s an r m rk ble illu tr tion , rom be uty, t celebrity, d, a all s f i s s s bove , the widene s o t cope , o f the e high pre ro ative s of do o f r rs a and a s of r gb the g, thei unive lity, l o thei — e ute I allude to th at far famed p assage in the E ssay on , an 1 2 NATURAL HISTORY or THE DOG .

’ dian hose nt tor d m in Lo ! the poor In , w u u d S s and he a s him in the ind e es G od in storm , r w ,

it 416 it

A nd hinks adm i ed to ha e u a sk t , tt t t q l y , ” e i His F AITHF UL DOG sha ll b ar h m com pany.

“ ” a fr the The m any poets h ave been lluded to : ye s, om f ld d ays of Home r, who hymned the fidelity o A rgu s, the o f s ss o r o wn s dog o Ulysse , in the Ody ey , to u time , when n his a his fa Lord Byro , in youth , penned the epit ph upon ith " ful favorite at Newste ad ; and the l ate Thom as C ampbell ne o f his a a a s o f ld ar sang , in o celebr ted b ll d , the o h per by — the Sh annon and his dog when the simple t ale o f Colin and “ his poor dog Tray (the old sh e pherd and the old Shep ’ herd s dog) w as adorned with pl aintive verse . The po e ts o f v a rio u s ages and of v ariou s l and s would s eem to h ave delighted in commemorating the virtues of this fa r a ar r vorite anim al , pe h ps, in p t , as though they ecognised w f f m an ith poetic orce o perception in their devotion to , som e thing of the prim al love with which m an once looked up is a e a nd a f I no t to h he v nly F ther a lmighty Friend . I be a s s a s f s f mi st ken , thi impres ive comp ri on orm the s ubject o ’ “ one o f Lord B acon s famou s ESSAYS . “ Should it be deemed th at this prefato ry ch a ra cte r and “ eulogium o f the dog p a rt ak e s too much o f favor and af ” fe c ti n i ha s cient ic for a a f o , s not , per ps, fi enough tre ti se o s a I s s a so m a thi n ture , till tru t th t much y be conceded to a r e i very ze alou s a utho in the comm ncement o f h s work , and s s s are a uch eulogistic notice not, though rarely , indeed , so * r e a m a ichly merit d , unusu l in history , they ay, perh ps, be

a n tur l his tor a s . f llowed in a a y l o Though here , rom the f r n ature o the s ubject , th e s e rem ark s a e necessarily pl aced rs as fa s a f r n o f fi t, pre tory , in te d o being int oduced i the body m n a a the work , yet ay I ot be excused , as the mor l mi able a f lo a re so nd s qu litie s o the ( g rem ark able a notoriou , th at f in f f they orm them selve s a kind o de scription o the s pecies , ' a o f s a rad o f f sort peci l g e chiv alry , giving dogs a rank o hono r among anim al s from the chiv alrous ch aracte r of thei r — m any virtues vi rtue s so numerous and so gene rally known and r f r expe ienced , th at were they to receive a ull deg ee f n ir o tribute , these rem a rk s would extend to the e t e limits of my volume ? I therefore humbly crave indulgence for

o instanc and an o h . See Rollin, f r e , m y t ers NATURAL HISTORY or THE DOG . 1 8

th us linge ring a little upon thi s ple asing portion of mv

theme .

a a for s e . It would ppe r th at ome tim , I know not why, ( un less it be expl ained on the same principle th at c aused the ” s a f s s r a The o tr cizing o Ari tide , fo being c lled Just ) there has been a strange infatu ation a mong n atural histori an s for f his a s a o f a withholding rom the dog cl im to origin lity cre tion , — for a n f i , in Short, attainde r o h s line age ; ne arly all f who o l ate h ave written upon thi s s ubject, h aving ze alou sly a to a his s a ende vored tr ce de cent to the tre cherous, cow ardly, and f n s e n r- r ap aciou s wol , th at skulki g, c av ge like m ara uder, a r f nd f the j ck al ,o the cra ty a plotting ox some even referring ’ for his primitive type to the s urly hy aen a, with th at anim al s

unsoci al and indomit able congeners . s a o s far a Some writer , on the other h nd , g o s to admit, a a and e d w as th t true g nuine og , indeed , origin ally c re ated a f mong the other tribes o anim al s ; but they, at the same a a a f e time , m int in him to h ve been orm d with a Wild , un s and sa a e s s and w i oci al , v g di po ition ; to o e h s pre sent posi s fa f nd a f f m n tion a the ith ul a v lued riend o a , to the recl a im in f a nd a ra f a g power o hum n re ason , a to t in o dventitiou s circumst ance s long s ubsequent to the cre ation of the anim al and s ra o f his world , con equently to the e primitive existence . These are the person s who love to de sc ant upon , as they are “ as a the s r-t -be -f r n ple ed to c ll it , gloriou , neve o o gotten co f ” quest o re ason over in stinct . e r has s a s a o f and hi u s su Cuvi id , pe king the dog s s ppo ed b ’ a l n uéte la s la s jug tion , C e st a co q plu complete , plus ingu ’ liér la s fa an i a e , e t plu utile que l homme a ite ; d h s transl tor, * - o r ra a r . rifiith ha re a a ther comment to , Mr G , s echoed , pp rently

at s is sin. without attempt inquiry, Thi the most complete , j nd se fu u s m n gul a r, a u l conq e t a has Al as ! to this f absurd system o blindly following in the w ake of the g re at, we o w e much of the ignorance which at pre sent envelope s f a m an r s the study o zoology . Let but , by endering in ome o n r n a ta e o more i st ance s service to science , obt in a cer in n f — a a m — and be positio in the world o letters a cert in n e , hold we h a ve s ucceeding write rs crouching to his dicta as nd u a though they were oracul ar, a , witho t t king the trouble of s his s na inve tigating thei r correctne ss, adopting opinion , y,

i ’ Gr ffith s C uvier. ' 1 ' B ark a os ide n ica e en in ex resswn in ht! ufion has m ade a re m lm t t l , v p , ” Introduction to the Nat ural History of the HORSE. 2 1 4 NATURAL HISTORY or THE nos .

and s s r r his ve ry errors , with a blind uper titious e ve ence . w r a a a a r Cu vie r as undoubtedly a g e t , very gre t n tu alist ; i r and r an h s w ritings a e to be re ad with reverence espect, d ff f his s f if we feel dispos ed to di er rom theorie , the eeling should only be given w ay to a fte r the most c areful ex amin a f fa s r s an a a a u tion and re se arch . I ct p e ent equ l b l nce , let s wn s and by all me an s ab andon ou r o skeptici m , yield to the authority of his m aste r geniu s ; but if facts decidedly pre f r f r his a a s ponde rate in avo o ou doubt, even gre t n me mu t f s nd not deter u s rom t aking an independent cour e , a adopting r has s s f a a a r of o u own views . Cuvier hown him el p rt ke hum an fallibility

o Indignor si quando bonus d rm itat Hom erus .

f f ss r of a for s a In the c ase o the o il dee Irel nd , in t nce, he for a long time almost deprived u s o f o u r cl aim to the ex l iv s ss f o f c us e po se ion o th at stupendous relic olden time , by describing rem ain s of wh at he conceived to be the s ame

a nimal as h aving been exhumed in France . The se rem ains h ave since be e n recognised a s belonging to quite a diffe rent tribe of a nim al s ; and in this in st ance al so I c annot but ob ff s serve , th at the very obviou s di erence ubsisting between the

ss a s f the a a s is s ffi . o eou s rem in o nim l in que stion , u cient to in duce c aution towa rd s an author who could thus strangely f w f con ound them with e ach othe r . It as le t to Colonel ’ — H a milton Smith to e xpose Cuvie r s mistake he alone hav ing the spirit to ex amine this s ubj ect when so gre at a m an d r f r ha once t e ated o it, a nd to rem ark upon the e rors which f he ound . m as s o f To re sume , howeve r : so then an bo t a mysterious a nd i a control over n tural in stinct , a th at he s ble to s ubdue , r a m nd r r f ecl i , a conque fo himsel wh at anim al s he wi shes ; and th at he further possesses a powe r o f rendering those ani a s a a nd s a f his s m l , n tur lly fierce a e tr nged rom ociety, his fa f and i ith ul , willing , unch ange able s ervant s ! Truly it s a a if s r s s n w pity th t uch a power eve exi ted , it hould be o so

s . f r ne utterly lo t I , o o , would be gl ad , indeed , were it still a a f s ars s c p ble o being exercised . I h ave pen t ye in triving to recl aim the wild c re atu res o f the fo rest I h ave expended upon them my attention and my c are ; I h ave given them of m ff and a s and much my ti e , my a ection , my me n ; ye t I a a f r all fa a a f h ve , te , but s ucceeded in the p arti al mili riz tion o ' fe w a r r r a individu al s, whose qflspring h ve inv a i ably etu ned ra a r s and f ra a s of e r ra e to the int ct ble, fe ociou , e l h bit th i c . L or THE NATURA HISTORY DOG . 1 5

And h ave othe r experimentalists fared bette r ? How el se does it h appen th at the gri m wol f s till prowl s amidst the a s of his a f r f a g loomy gl de n tive o e sts, th at cra ty Reyn rd still r s s his nd n p e erve wild a m ar a uding in stincts, a d th at the ste althy j ack al is still but the prowling Sc avenge r o f the e astern h aml e t Why doe s not the be auti ful zebra h abitu — ally grace the equip age s o f our citie s why does not the gracefu l g a zelle become the h appy and conte nted orn ament o f o u r a ks s f r a . p r Why doe the uriou s bison stil l o m , in nu s a k e a the s f hi h c l d gr ndeur , wild o s n ative pl ain s, while his s a n w f kin men , the p tie t ox , dre the b aggage o the primev al nd k p atri arch s, a the Brahminee bull w a l s in m aje stic tran nd f quillity a mong the topes a l awns o Hindostan , and the pl acid Indi a n cow furnish e s her nutritiou s milk to thou sands f ? I e e — l o Gentoos n d , I think , h ardly observe as al who — re ad mu st be alre ady a w a re o f the fact th at fa r more p ain s h a ve been be stowed upon ende avoring to re cl aim these a a fe ra a s a w e s f n tur lly l cre ture , th n h ave the slighte t proo w e re ever bestow e d upon the im agin ary recl am ation of those “ ” r f a s an which a e asserted to be th e ir de s cend ants . I , s y ’ eloquent writer in L ardner s Cyclop aedi a if this power a had u s in se s ass re lly been given to , the n e the ertion evi de ntl s the instinct o f a a s u y implie , nim l wo ld be under the f m n a f a control o a , in ste d o being immut bly fixed by the — ALMIGHTY th at power to whom m an him s e l f is indebted for his fa f as : e a a a culty o re on not, inde d , th t it might be m de , s in s a an and a a as bu t a this in t nce , idle rrog nt bo t , th t it Should be u sed to gi ve honor and reverence to his M ake r . The r d more the wondro u s work s o f the Cre ator a e stu ied , the — more w ill this truth become incontes t abl e th at it is He r a s only who has given to certain anim als, o to cert in tribe , f r a a n inna te pensity to live , by ree choice , ne a the h unts w pfp f m n s e s s cheer u ll and willin l o a , or to ubmit th m elve f y g y to ” his dom e stic ation . Why s hould we s e ek to s et limits to the powe r o f HIM who ? fra med the univers e Why Sho u ld we seek to affix bounds to the power o f th at BEING whose powe r is infinite ? Wh at r a a a s s a positive , t angible , o even n logic l evidence exi t th t the dog w as not o rigin ally formed at the cre ation or th at if form w a r a f a f w as f ed then , it s unde er l type , rom which it le t , by e rs of m an r a ? the Supreme , to the inv ntive powe to ecl im him a a IS it not fa r m ore re ason able to su ppose , th t benevolent Deity Should h ave formed the dog for the express purpose of f n and an of be coming the sl ag; faithful , co nst ant rie d comp ion 1 6 L r THE NATURA HISTORY o DOG . m n d n a , an o e who would rem ain his friend a fte r the unh appy F ALL should h ave deprived him o f the service s or society o f a a ? i d l other nim l s This , however, s too much like me re e c a m ation let u s proceed to something more like proof o f m y s po itions .

‘ s ss s s s as f In di cu ing ubject uch the origin o the dog , it will tha e roof is n a ai s e f be evident t dir c u tt na ble; I mu t, th re ore , be satisfied if I confute the argument s on which my opponents as s and be s b e their theorie ; then it will more e a y to deduce , s re a bilit and fir t , the g teg pr oba y, secondly , the gre ater pl ausi il f t o s . b j y, . my own view With the supposed Lupine or Vulpine origin o f this anim al m ay be cl assed the theory which d e rive s him from a feral or " wild , yet app arently genuine dog . for in — st a nce , thinks th at he has discovered a wild dog the bu ansu - a the e of to h ve been primitiv type the whole c anine race . fe s r r is hn r s s a s r o f a a r Pro so K e c e de cribe o t j ck l , pre se ved in ra f nd s f r as f the F nk ort mu seum , a put it orw a d the type o the s f r nd s a a s dog o ancient Egypt ; with m any othe theorists a v nt , all o f as a to whom the re oning which I hope to dduce will , I f think , apply , as well as to those who uphold the theory o the

Lupine o r Vulpine origin . Perh aps the mos t conci se view o f the Side of the question f “ i . e hi rom which I dissent , s given by Mr B ll in s Briti sh is a as Qu ad rupeds . He say s It necess ry to ce rt ain to f wh at type the anim al app roaches most ne a rly, a ter h aving, f r a s a f o m any gene ration s, existed in wild t te , removed rom f nd a a a the influence o domestic ation a ss oci tion with m nkind . f s f Now , we find the re are seve ral in stances o the exi tence o dogs in s uch a st ate of wildness as to h ave lost even th at r o f a a o f and common ch a racte dome stic tion , v riety color f r a a e s a re m arking . O these , two very em rk ble on the dhole i f nd f s a a . s s s a o Indi a, a the dingo o Au tr li There , be ide , f- f a and h al recl aimed race among the Indi an s o North Americ , another p arti ally tam e d in South Americ a , which de serve pe c uliar attention ; a nd it is found th at the se race s in di ffe rent d r nd a a r e r a a re eg ee s, a in gre te d g ee s they more wild , ex d e s bibit the l ank an gaunt form , the l ngthened limb , the long n r nd a a s n a d slende muzzle , a the gre at comp r tive tre gth, which ch aracterize the wolf ; and th at the t ail of the A u stra m as s f li an dog, which ay be con sidered the mo t remote rom a f r f state of domestic ation , assume s the slightly bu shy o m o

Letters from Africa NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . 1 7

a a W r a s ra a rox im a th t nim al . e h ave he e , then , con ide ble pp - f sa s tion to a well known wild anim al o the me genu , in races d f s a which , though doubtless descende rom dome tic ted an nd i i ce stors, h ave gradu ally ass umed the Wild condition a t s f r k a a a of f and worthy o espe c ial em a r , th t the n tomy the wol , its s r ar d s ff r f at of s o teology in p a ticul , oe not di e rom th dog in ff r gene ral , mo re th an the di e ent kinds o f dogs do from e ach r ra is a s s ar and so are all or othe . The c nium b olutely imil , , l r ia ar s and s r ne a rly a l, the othe essent l p t ; to t engthen still f r r r f r do and f u the the p ob ability o thei identity, the g wol will

r nd r r i f r . e adily breed together, a thei p ogeny s e tile The obliquity o f the position of the eye s in the wol f is one of the ch aracters in which it diffe rs from the dog ; and although it Q is ve ry desirable not to re st too much upon the effects of h abit or s r r is not ' erha s s a a r t uctu e, it , p p , tr ining the point, to tt ibute

‘ the forwa rd di rection o f the eyes in the dog to the constant a f r ra s f r r h bit, o m any s ucceeding gene tion , o looking fo w a d to ” its as his . m ter, and obeying voice In my opinion this mode f a r f i a o ccounting fo the di rection O the eye s, to s y the least, * r r s a . athe im agin ative th an philo ophic l But to continue . f ‘ ” M r . nd Anothe r crite rion , s ays Bell , a a sound one , is 8 f r the identity of gestation . m m? d ays o m the period du ring which the bitch goes with young ; precisely the same f r el apses before the wol give s bi th to he r offsp ring . Upon ’ — Buffon s in st ance of seventy-three d ays or r athe r the possibil ity of s uch a du ration in the gestation o f a p articul ar she -wolf —w l s r s r e do not ay much t es , when opposed to the st ong evi ‘ s - dence of the us u al period being ixty three d ays . The young of f nd d a re r and a s a r a both wol a og bo n blind ; t the me , o bout ra f f the s ame time , viz . , about the expi tion o the tenth or twel th ’ r day, they begin to se e . Hunte s import ant ex periments r f n p oved , without doubt , th at the wol a d the j ack al would ' a s ffi a a for breed with - the dog but he h d not u cient d t coming l r r n to the conclusion that al th ee we e identic al as species . I ' s f the se e x e rim ents be as rt a a a the cour e o p , ce ained th t the j ck l went fifty-nine d ays with young,while the wolf went Six t - r nOr s r r a r and y th ee doe he eco d , th t the p ogeny the dog would b reed together ; and he knew too well the value of the ar b ra f m a f r y n t a gument to e ld wn ro e rtile p ogen , o to h ve — dwelt upon the fact if he had p roved it not to have m e ed ‘ it a r t le ast, even if he had hea d

' ’ It is tob ik e ada a i o d o s or — l an pt t on f Lofd M nlfodd The y, vim that

mankin o an wo e t e m awa b constant sittin . d had riginally tails, d r h y y g “ “ a ? 1 8 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

s r - ‘ M r . Bell concludes his ob e v atIOns as follows Upon f f the whole , the argument in avor o the view which I h ave a f the f all a e t ken , th at the wol is prob ably origin al o the c nin a s m be s s r f a i a is r ce , ay thu st ated . The t ucture o the n m l identic al , or so ne a rly as to afford the stronge st a priori evi do s a r f an dence In its favor . The g mu t h ve been de ived rom a f f and nim al s usceptible o the highest degree o domestic ation , a a f a aff n for a h a c p ble o gre t ectio m nkind , which as been bun d n f a tly p roved o the wolf. Dogs h aving retu rned to a wild n ra state , a d continued In th at condition through m any gene r tion s, exhibit ch aracte rs which app roxim ate more and mo e to s of the f r i f a tho e wol , in propo tion as the rfilue nce o civiliz w d as s act . t o a n r an tion ce e to The im al s will b eed together,

f . produce ertile young The period of ge station is the same . To this b rief a nd intelligible s umm ary of the points on

M r . a his i i r fe w s which Bell b se s op n on , I eply In word : — s l r I. The expre sion near y identic al is too v ague fo phi loso hical is ss and r a n t f p d cu ion , I con side th t I need ot here ore r s eply to this first position at all. To avoid mi construction , r a ass a M r s ass r s ide nti howeve , I sh ll ume th t . Bell po itively e t t f r . s i s of y o structu e I positively deny it . The inte t ne the f ar o s a s r a of d wol e c n ider bly horte th n those the og, evidently m arking him as an anim al of mo re strictly c a rn i vorou s h abits .

The orbits are pl aced higher and mo re forw ard in the skull . — The proportion between the bones o f the hind legs differs ao r f e e r does the numbe r of toe s . The st ructu e o the te th is diff f r n a r ent, these being in the wol much l arge , a d the m ol teeth

f in ar the wol , a peculi r s ervice able for r a infinitely mo e . b e king f not ound in the dog . “ — a f h t II . I deny th t the wol is su scept ighes r do s ti nd f for deg ee of me tica on, a c ap able o tion n m ankind, which has been abund antly . Whe ' “ has it been p roved ? I h ave se en m an tam e ” n wolves, but never one did ot, ff r r i a e and when opportunity o e ed , eturn to h s fierce n tur wild s t o s ar a (lo/I h abits . The whelp , o , produced by the e p ti lly nw r n ticated wolves, a e ot in the sm alle st degree influenced by the l cal dome stic ation of thei r p arents . The Roy al Z oo o gi Soc iety d ars r a dens of I rel and ha , some ye ago, in thei g r , Ph oenix

f s . Park , a p air o ve ry t ame wolve These produced young, nd i r r r which bec ame t ame likewise , a n thei tu n p oduced cubs. The Socie ty ve ry kindly presented m e with one of the last A NATUR L HISTORY OF THE DOG . 1 9 mentit ne d s e l cub , which, though only five w eks o d when I s dam w as as and took l . im from hi , fierce violent in his own e w a as s sa a of f s u littl y the mo t v ge denizen the ore t . I bro ght up this anim al among my dogs ; for them he conce ived a con sid r bl f aff or s a s f r s i e a e degree o ection , re pect perh p , o u bmiss on w as the most striking fe ature of his conduct tow a rds them and w as doubtle ss induced by the frequent and s ubstanti al f ” c astigation s he received rom Bevis, a noble dog of the true breed of bloodhound ; but beyond thi s he w as any thing but i t ame . He never, it s true , ex actly d a red to att ack me in f a s s ront, but he once s howed di po ition to do so , when I pulled him down by the t ail as he w as ende a voring to get ove r my

a a . r on s e ra as g rden w ll He , howeve , ev l occ ion s, ch arged at f e a w me rom behind , wh n he thought my ttention as othe rwi se a w as e r a a on r eng ged . I , how ve , inv ri bly my gu a rd , eve nd s as c a rried a good stick , a on the e occ ions the wol f alw ays He s got the worst o f it . once only ucceeded in inflicting a severe bite ; and as by this time I had utte rly de sp aired o f — m aking any thing o f him he w as about eighteen months old - I sent him about his busine ss . He s ubsequently fell into f and a s i the h and s o a showm an , s umed h s p roper position a the c arav n . As s a r s to s n r to dog , when ccident d ive them subsi t o thei own s s s r fa of re ource , thu rendering them wild , I g ant the ct f a a e s as their ass um ing eral ch r ct r ; but to their thu s acquiring, f fe w a s a n r in the course o a gener tion , the h bit a d aspect,o the I s hu m bl n as general s imilitude O wolve , I y conceive it to be a s n has s ertion only , and o e th at yet to be proved . Even uch f r d f dogs as h a ve been thu s driven into e al an independent li e , n will be found ever re ady to acknowledge the cont rol of m a , nd m a ara r re a y, with comp tively little t ouble , be induced to Nor s o f s tu rn to thei r allegi ance to him . will the whelp uch redomesticated s born wild as is as s dog be ,\ the c e with the cub

f . is as of r m o the t amest wolve s It , in the c e these dogs,ci cu na ra s a a r stances, and not tu l in tinct , th t h ve d iven them wild nd r a s as ra s a n a , these ci cumst nce ce ing to Ope te, dome tic tio return s . s a a I would ask another que stion . How doe it h ppen th t the dog is to be met with in eve ry qu arte r of the globe to which f a n r m an has penetrated , while the true wol h s eve yet been f r ? r are not s a dis met with south o the equ ato Furthe , ever l tinct specie s of wolf admitted to exi st ? IS there not more th an one distinct species of wol f admitted by n atu rali sts to exi st in North Ame rica alone ? It has not e ven bee n attempted to be 2 L H1 STORY 0 NATURA or THE DOG . proved th at these species are identic al thei r distinctne ss has been more th an tacitly admitted . Yet they re semble e ach other f r n f s a more closely th a any wol does the dog . Ha the dog , f nd all f s then , been derived rom e ach a o the e wolve s , o r has r f r a f f and r the o igin al wol , o igin like o wol dog , been yet p op erly indic ated ? Should not this fa ct be duly asce rt ained pri o r a s a ar r e f to th t in que tion Ag in , e the e not numb rs o wild s— a r r dog e there not wild c anine s in South A meric a, Au st e lia r - l , A abi a, Indi a admitted on al h and s to be essenti ally di stinct , which no n atu ralist has as yet attempted to deduc e from a common o rigin ; yet are not the se far mo re ne arly allied to the dog th an to the wol f ? A re the re not likewise seve ral admitted s pecie s o f fox Why not fi rst cle ar up these f r r doubt ul po ints , ere p oceeding to s uch as a e mo re remote from the point at iss ue I likewi se deny th at the wol f and the dog will b reed to i a s at n f r gether n t e of ature . In thei r n ative orests they cle a l y will not , or the wild dog would not still rem ain distinct fr f s r is a om the wol , who e l ai in the immedi te neighbo rhood ’ o f hi . a ff r and s a s own M n s e o ts kill , combined with p a rti l s a m a dome tic tion , y, indeed , induce a union between them , but na ra n a r nd a tu lly they shu e ch othe , a mutu lly exhibit a s r r s a — f trong n atu al antip athy . No will the e nim al s the wol and — r r ss f t a the dog b eed togethe , unle one o them , a le st , be s a all a s r thoroughly dome tic ated . How el se h ve ttempt to p o duce a breed between the wol f and Au st rali a n dingo so s ig n ally failed i r f a a nd Neithe r s the simple b reeding togethe o nim l s , a the

' f r f t e r ffs ffi f f f s e tility o h i O pring , a s u cient proo o identity o pe f u r r ra s s ar a s cies . Some o o uninqui ing n atu li t , who e s ti fied to f f f r r s rs m a ollow quietly in the ootsteps o thei p edece so , y,doubt ss r a am ss r ar le , sta t t my assertion but I not the le p ep ed to f Z M r . r s o m aint ain its truth . Hodgson (P oceeding oologic al — h a ra tharalw a Society , 1 83 4 ) as shown th at the c p the go t of — r N e pa ul a nd the domestic goat b reed togethe . The hunch r i r a an bae ke d zebu of Indi a will b eed w th ou common c ttle , d s a a ar s ar the offspring is prolific . P all as has t ted th t in v iou p ts r o f Russ i a the s heep and the goat h a ve b red togethe . The ff a r Chinese and the Eu rope an pigs, di ering , cco ding to a ar a s so i Eyton , in import ant osteologic l p ticul r , will do l ke f Z a wise ; and in the Proceedings o the oologic l Society , sa r a of a and p age 66, we find the me el ted the h re d a ffs ri of rabbit. To thi s I m ay ad , th t the mule , the O p ng

lso r d ced f als. Now as to for the horse and ass, has a p o u o ,

22 U L H S Y o NAT RA I TOR r THE DOG . — slende r and rapid greyhound the stunted yet form idable — — bull -dog the diminutive and sen sitive Blenheim spaniel and s i and a a f the till more d minutive , now lmost extinct , l pdog o a a— al ar s fr r f r f M lt l i e om a b ace o ou s I they did , to wh at are we to attribute the v arieties now exi sting ? We a re d n an . A s r told , breedi g to b eeding, how could it ’ operate when there was but a single p ai r to breed from ? f f How , i the v arieties o dog proceeded but from one origin al type , could development thu s be produce d extending beyond the limits of the faculties and powers prope r to th at type ? Will ch ange of clim ate eve r conve rt a greyhound into a bull ? r dog Will it trunc ate the muzzle , raise the f ont al bones, ar fr a s r f enl ge the ont l inu ses, or e ffect a positive alte ation o the poste rior branches of the lowe r m axill ary bones Or will a f a r ch nge o clim te , on the other h and , ope rate to conve t a - f r bull dog into a greyhound , produce a high and slende r o m , s f a s s s a a f s s dimini h the ront l inu e , deprive the nim l o the en e of s at s ra r r nd mell , le a t compa tively , togethe with cou age a othe r mo ral qu alitie s depe nding on organization ? I s ay noth ing I only ask my i ntelligent r e ade rs , do they believe this ss f r r H po ible Thu s a a very eminent n atu alist , Colonel s a al a a e ad ilton Smith , goe with me , h and in h nd ; l th t I h v du ce d f r a ar a . he admits , but he re we un o tun tely p t comp ny

r ff r s a . Colonel Smith seek s to account fo the se di e ence , by c ll f f f x ing in the i ntervention of a s upposed admixtu re o wol , o , r f nd o ae a di e . a an r a a hy n , He dmits o igin lly ormed dog, one v ariety only ; and refers for the alterations th at h ave t aken pl ace in him to c ro ss ing with the se wild anim al s . Now ,I con . side r this theo ry as even le ss ten able th a n th at o f the wolfish r V r f d is r o ulpine o igin o the og, as the colonel obli ed to b ing ra r do his d and m a g r seve l aces of wild gs to ai , y ventu e to r r t r ? s s a r f r inqui e , whe e is heir o igin Be ide s thi , we h ve to e e to the decided antip athy s ubs isting be tween these anim al s in a f a r n ff a r r r state o n tu e , a d thu s e ectu lly p ecluding inte mixtu e , unless through hum an inte rvention and agency , which cle arly r r w as neve r exe rted in th at condition fo r this pu pose . F o m a fa s a my own p art, I a content th t the l se theorie which h ve been advanced should be ove rth rown and confuted and I am s ati sfied to admit th at an impenetrable veil of myste ry a ppe ars nd a am a to h ang ove r the s ubject , a the s ugge stion s th t I bout to adv ance are s ubmitted to my re a de rs w ith extreme dith r n dence and eluct a ce . Whethe r mo re th an one v ariety of any species of animals i r a s s a uestion u h was for med at the C re ation s, pe h p , till q ,tho g NAT URAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . 2 3

m s a ra i s a a r r o t n tu l sts , I mu t dmit , h ve pe empto ily decided to r f r a so far as the cont ary . I would , o my own p rt , venture s a a be a a do w as f r to y th t , let it once gr nted th t the g o med prgphetica lly by the Cre ato r in orde r th at he might be the f n f m a n a f fa s a riend a d assist ant o , ter the ll hould h ve de ri a is s a p ve d him o f the all e gi ance of other anim l s, it c rcely f too much to s uppos e th at two v a rietie s we re then ormed . w One would s c a rc e ly seem suffici e nt for the pu rpose , while t o might h ave been so ; and by their intermixtu re and su bse n r a s quent breeding , we c a re adily im agine how the othe r ce m add a s is might h ave been produced . I ay th t thi view in strict accord ance w it h the divis ion s into which osteologi c al a n a a o f r skulls inve stig tion , a d more p articul a rly ex min tion thei , re solve the m any v a rietie s of dog with which we a re now ac for s s u ainte d . r e an ss q I do not , howeve , se y nece ity in i ting — n on this point I merely throw o ut the s ugge stion . No o e c an ra n a o f s a sfa cont dict it, neithe r h ave we a y me n s ti ctorily a o f s a s r e st bli shing it . A n impenetrable veil my tery h ng ove f d f a the origin o the og, th at I much e r will never be removed f r nd a ac until time itsel sh all be no mo e , a we Sh ll become u ainte d r nd for r s a s r s q with thi s amongst othe ,a , the p e ent b t u e and ar s d k , my terie s o f n atu re .

P CHA TER II .

EAR LY HISTORY OF THE DOG .

T w as one f s HAT the dog o thos e anim al th at did not, at the ” fa s r f a a a ll , we ve rom their allegi nce , but m int ined thei r e m an c an fid lity to , s ca rcely be que stioned . The e arlie r portions o f the sacred writings m ake frequent mention of as a s s him , but ever ettled , dome tic a nim a l , as one th at had e so f and r i ev r been rom the beginning , neve once hint at h s a a f d so h ving been recl imed rom a wild st ate . Ha he been

‘ a recl imed , I h ave no doubt but it would h ave been noticed , fo r a fa r — le ss import ant event is actu a lly record e d viz . , the s o f f b is fa r di covery the mode o reeding the mule it only i , at s a a r the me time , to acknowledge th at s ome tran sl tors e ad ” s wa rm s rin n s . a re thi word p gs , a d not mule We told that this was th at An ah th at found the mule s in the wilde r 24 NATURAL HIS TORY OF THE DOG .

’ w r w r is fa . n ess, hile he as he ding h the s ass e s While ’

f r f . r a he rding his athe s asses, i my e ding be corre ct, they f we re , doubtless, vis ited by a d rove o wild cou rse rs ; inte r w and s i course as the con sequence , mule the ult m ate res ult, — is ss ass no a v alu able acqu ition , doubtle , to the , but still t h alf so v alu able as the dome sti c ation of so u se ful an anim al

as the dog would h a ve been . r r f f a In the l atte p a t o the Book o Genesi s, we find J cob, hi s f f f when bless ing s son , employing the erocity o the wol as r f f a famili a simile . In the account o the departu re o the — I sraelites from pt e u event which occu rred a bout two — hund red ye ars a te rwards w e find the dog fa mili arly men

ion d nd i a f a n . t e , a h s w tch ul powe rs d barking cle arly re as o f r N r a a h cognised things cou se . o Sh ll dog ope n is ” m ar a m a fr v r mouth . I a aw e th t some y deduce om this e y ci rcumst ance the opinion th at the dog was only a recl aimed f f J ’ wol , unknown to the world until the pe riod o the e ws r and an m sojou n in Egypt ; th at the Egypti s, e inent as they r f r art and d a r a s we e o invention , ha , mong othe cqui itions, f d m sti a i h f f and his achieved th at o the o e c t o o the wol , con r n s ve sion into a dog ; I sh all not admit a y uch induction , f r f r . and at s rs o r howeve A te the flood , the di pe ion the p o ct r f r f a r a ar an j e o s o the towe o B bel , the wo ld lost m ny ts d othe r acquisitions th at they be fo re possessed the Egypti ans r f n f u s rs f r we e , as a r as history c a in orm , the fi t to o m them r a nd a ar selve s into a nation , a fte th at event , to cultiv te the ts and r ra r r a r f r r sciences, o the , pe h ps, to evive o me known , but - long neglected studies , i ar d ar It s to the Egypti an s, contr y indee to popul opinion , ss o f but no less ce rt ainly , th at we owe the posse ion the r and i a s a a of ho se , it s likely to them l o th t we owe th t the r a se a a s r dog ; this , howeve , doe s not p rove th t the nim l we e f r the o and not p reviou sly in a dome stic ated st ate , be o e flo d the s ubsequent con fu sion o f tongue s at B abe l had produce d n k a a a a so m a y stri ing ch nge s, and thrown so m ny v lu bl e

b ranche s of knowledge into the gul f of oblivion . w r r r The fe g aphic touches with which Solomon , in P ove bs 1 a s r has xxx . 3 , by compound epithet, like tho e in Home ,

d r and a a r s a a . esc ibed a renowned noble nim l , t an l ted grey ” a a r a r ria e hound , invite speci l notice , in ddition to thei pp op t ’ r f a ra ar ne ss , from the ecollection o th t celeb ted mon ch s ’ f has e r ; fame for knowledge o God s work s, as b en ecord 3 3 s a of r s fr t ed in 1 Kings, iv . And he p ke t ee , om he

- r . cedar tree th at is in Lebanon , e ven to the hyssop that sp ing NATURA L HISTORY OF THE nos . 25

f a a s of as s and of f eth out o the w all ; he sp ke l o be t , owl , n f r and f s s — fr a d o c eeping things, o fi he om which has “ ’ been t aken the be a utiful description of him in Hebe r s ” Palestine

H sa ose est ess n e , the ge , wh r l m i d ’ ’ Through Na ture s m aze s w ander d unconfined ; Who e e bird and be as and ins ec kne v ry , t , t w , ” And spake Of every pl ant that quatfeth dew.

t a fr the a assa o f r s m a I hink th t , om bove p ge P ove rb , we y ’ f a d d s arr in er th t the og ha , by Solomon time , ived at m any v a rietie s ; and a re not the famili ar us es of the dog likewis e

s f sa a . 1 1 1 and hown orth in I i h , lvi 0 , , in the account of ’ Tobit s dog in the A pocryph a s a e m a r r r fa r From cr d we y, howeve , tu n to p o ne hi sto y . a s a f a s a s The Egypti n h ve , rom the very e rlie t ge , held the dog in particul ar e stim ation ; and a F rench write r of much ingenuity fu rni s he s u s with a ve ry pl au sible re ason for thei r “ ” a s s a s . ar a predilection . The Egypti n , y M Elze Bl ze , “ seeing in the horizon a s upe rb st ar, which a ppe ared al w ays at the precis e time when the overflowing o f the Nile d a a o f r s ar r b commence , g ve to it the n me Si iu , !the B ke ,] e c a us e it a ppe a red to s how its el f exp re ssly in orde r to w arn ‘ ’ a . r i the l bo rer ag ainst the inund ation This Si ius s a god , — ‘ s aid th e y t he x iog re nders us se rvice ; it is a god Its a ppe a rance corres ponding with the pe riodic al overflow of the as f Nile , the dog s oon bec ame reg a rded the geniu s o the r n r s r d iver, a d the people re p esented this geniu , o go , with the body o f a m an and the he ad o f a dog . It had al so a e f s son of s r g ne alogy ; it took the n a me o Anubi , O i is ; its Im age w as pl aced at the entrance of the temple of Is is and s nd f all f O iris, a subsequently at the g ate o the temples o f w . do e s o it as s Egypt The g b ing the ymbol _ thu intended to w arn pri nce s of thei r constant duty to w atch w ove r the wel fare Of thei r people . The dog as worshipped m s r uchm on princip ally at He rmopolis the Gre at , !Chem i o O nei n in modern A rabic and soon afte rw ard s In all the towns f o Egypt . J uven al w rite s

’ Oppida tota cauem (Anubim) ve nerantur ; nem o Dianam .

’ Who e i ies hi the do Anubis no one D ana l c t wors p g, ( i ]

’ a s s of do At ubsequent period , Cynopoli , the City the g , no w S a m a l i r and r riests ! l out w as built In ts ho no , the e the p ” r i r celeb ated its fest val s In g re at splendo . 3 or TH 26 NATURAL HISTORY E DOG .

Othe r w rite rs s ay th at Anubis was rep rese nted as be au ng ’ a e a se s r s r e d his d a a dog s he d , b c u when O i i p oc ede upon In i n i s a a him ed i n the sk o f exped tion , A nubi ccomp nied , cloth in

. h e r is at s r th at an imal This, owev , mo t ve y dubious , as r s m any w rite rs asse t A n ubi to ha ve been clothed, on this 0 0 s s o f a h and a f c a ion , with the kin s eep, not th t o a dog . Be m a the rs of d r this as it y, wo hip the og god a pidly t ra vell ed r and s i r t e r we stwa d , oon be ca me nte mingled wi h th eligious a rite s o f othe r n ations . L uc n says

” os in tem a uarn Romans acce i s can a N pl t pm m Iain, emi e qne deco.

W h e rece ived in o 0 1 1 : Rom an te m es sis e av t pl thins I , and divinifiss ha lf

The fire-wors hippe rs o f Pe rs i a al so paid divine hono rs to r r se r f r i l the dog , by ep e nting , unde his o m , the good rinc pe , by whose aid the y we re enabl ed to re pe l the assau ts o f the powe rs o f evil and he is still held in deep vene ration by the

mode rn Parse es . The ancient B ri tons would like wise appe ar to h ave held re f r d the d in high spe ct , o when esi rou s of ibr h ves es o f h r or d s e t e ms titl ono i tinction , th y seen his u a ua f th ri n ame . C , in the l ng ge o e ancie nt B tish, sign ifies a d and we re o e the l ames f Cuno be in og ; do not c ll ct nob e n o l , lin an rd a m a h r Cynobe , d C anute A cco ing to n e inent ut o , o f the wo rd Khan, a title dignity in the East , is ide n i se de r ed fr m h id o f d a and s l t e e a a . with C n, ikewi iv o og is I n the Erse , o r n ative I r h, the word Cu signifies at once a do and a ch am pion . five n the awful gates o f Hades we re fu rn ishe d by the ancient poets with a faith ful and fo rm id able gu ardian in the s h ape o f a dog ; but as the tas k o f watchi ng those r w d l rded rd r n p ec incts as, oubt ew, re ga as no o in a y o e , Ce r r -d f e v rn r was a be us , the w atch og o th A e ian po tals, warde d r h f n r r f th ee e ads instead o o e , to e nsu re a t ipl e deg ee o watch

fulness . Seldom has the dog b rought down obloquy u pon his n ame ; l his a s has h i but e ven he , with a l noble qu litie , ad h s mo m f r r e nts o fra ilty . Ce be us him se l f listen ed to the p romptings of rd nd ma a r se a so id appe tite , a , like ny nothe ntinel , cc epted

Cannte was a a an is a el a iv herefo e l D ne , d th pp l t e, t r ,nhom tho e m. u nnection between ths Celtic and Toatonic or Sch m nic. NATURA L HISTORY or THE nos . 27

f r and a his s a - s o a b ibe , betr yed tru t . The w tch dog , too, f a a r s — u s o the Rom n c pitol once slept upon thei po t , th , but for the al arm given by the w ake ful and cl amorou s gee se , s urrendering devoted Rome to the r uthle ss arm o f inv ading s a r fa u r f r r Gaul . A imil il e o duty is noticed in Sc iptu e , as occu rring among the Jewis h dog s His w atchmen a re blind they a re all ignora nt ; they ar e all du mb dogs ; they r — e c annot b a k s leeping , lying down , loving to slumbe r . Y a, ” are re d s an r they g edy og , which c neve h ave enough .

Isa i ah , lvi . 1 0 , 1 1 . La a f r r A ccording to De Veg , the Pe r uvi an s likewis e o me l rs the s a a so y wo hipped dog , while , ingul rly enough , they l ' t i a e f s a and a e h s fles h t th ir e tiv l s ; , according to a modern * a s a a is r J a uthority , thi nim l ev e n yet wo shipped by the n e e f r r f s pa es , und r a o m simil a to th at o the Egypti an Anubi ,

a d f mida . r r n under the n ame o A Nor a e we to fo get Virgil , b who notices this no l e anim al in m any p assage s, among which I c annot omit the following

Ne c t1 hi c ura ca nu m fue rit post re m a : se d una Ve l oc es S pa rtte C a t ul es ac re m que M o loss um Pasc e se ro Piugu i : 1 1 u 1 1 q ua 1 n c ustodibus illis Noc t urnu m S ta bulls fure m , inc urs usq ue Iuporum , a t s a o e bis A ut im p c a o tergo h rr Ibe ros . Ste pe e tla m c urs u tim ldos agitabis onagros E a us le o r m a m us ve na a t c m b p e , c b be re d m es . S te pe volutabns pul ses silve s tribus apros Latrat a turba bis age ns ; m ontesq ue pe r altos ” Inge nte m cl a m ore pre m es ad t e t na ce rv um .

G eor ie . Lib. I II . Line 0 g , 4 4 .

F rom the e a rlie st periods the dog has comm anded atten nd r — in a s a s as tion a espect m ny in t nce , I h ave shown , even worship ; and in no in st ance do we find his n a me confounded f f a a r f x has with th at o the wol , j ck l , o o such not only been f m h a the re sult o my own inquiry , but I a ap y to be ble to

‘ adduce the ve ry high a uthority of Colonel IIam ilton Smith , who write s A tho rough philological inqui ry would most ass u redly show , th at in no l angu age and at no pe riod did m n f f r f x a positively con ound the wol , the j ack al , o the o , with ” r a e al dog . f d F u rthe r p articul ars rel ative to the e arly hi story o the og, will be elicited in the cou rse o f o ur de s c ription of the seve ral v ri a eties . T Y NATURAL HIS O R OF THE DOG .

R CH APTE I I I .

VARI ET IES 0 ? D0 6 .

I M AY p re mise th at I sh all fi rst t re at o f the wild dogs a b th at I sh all do so as a sep rate cl ass , which I e lie v b — am n t d s o r n wi r e n ely , o ome tic d gs u ld , no yet as the t e o f ou r e s do but as a se a ra e s ec i s yp dom tic g ; p t p e , r i i n a n entitled to con side at on this pl ce , as co nstituti a d a nd f a nd a betwe en og wol , as be ing s pec ies stiIl ne arly allied to the common dog th an by no m e ans s pe cific ally ide ntic al — ” - ing leopard the felis juba ta is said f s eline and the c anines, rese mbling the g re yhound f r d d fr h s o m , a n i ffe ring om t e t ru e fe line in not

c r tra ctilc cla ws i e . c , — The most rem a rk abl e o f the wild dogs a re the Dingo of A u st ralia the K ara tebe; the Dhole and J ungle hee ls o f d th w d o f h a the s o r f I n i a e ild og C in bu h d g, o A uara, o - South A m e ric a the Deeb o f Egypt . Of the so c a led wild “ ” do f r fr the a s s f D m r gs o Southe n A ic a, c m pictu o cs a es t, I s h all say nothing in the p re se nt volume , as these are not at all to be c onside red as dogs, be ing far mo re nea rly allied to the hymns .

‘ ' I IIE BINGO.

“ f ra W . The Din 0 , c alled by the n atives o A u st li a, ar ” r i ni s f d fo r r egal, s cut the ize o a mi dling xhound , o f om

. hre -f r s t at s o r twenty t e to twenty ou inche in heigh the h ulde . In fo rm he pa rtakes of m any o f the characte ristics o f both d and f and is not r r ss r d og wol , ve y unlike the c o p o uce d by ' r the inte rmixtu re o f the se two anim al s . Ili s e a s are e rect, his his a us is a of d r muzzle pointed , t il b hy , h co t mo e ate '

i r r . length, and h s colo u su ally a buflo bay M any a uthors r i ass e rt th at the Dingo neve e re ct , h s t ail , but alway s c arr ies r ar l y it in a pendent pos ition it is not so . The Dingo o din i c arries his t ail cu rled ove r his back ; it is only when im o ad a tated or al arm ed th at he lowe rs it . I h m ny oppo rtunities of obse rving a ve ry fine spec imen lately in the gardw d

3 0 NATURAL HISTORY or m r oe . decortic ation : at the commence ment of the skinning r e m e m w u pon the face , the only pe ce ptibl ov e nt as was r a rd d at the time as quive ring of the lips, which eg e , , m an a f me re ly m usc ul ar i rrita bilit . The , te r skinning a

ft yut r i n f and r . ve ry s m all po rtion, le the to sh a pe n h s k i e , e ma l u ta a tu rning found the ani sitti p, with the flayed in g ment h anging ove r on one side 0 the face . ‘ A nothe r t ravelle r re late s anecdotes ill ustrative o f the ted i s are ten acity of life e xhibi by th is a nim al , but the deta l so re volting that I re frain from q uo ting the m . r ts h b w F requ e nt expe i me n ave ee n in stituted, ith a vie w to p rocu re a hyb rid race be twee n the Dingo ahd the common do but t su c ess . M r. i am t ces a h r d g, wi hout c Cunn ngh no i yb i f d r i as a s h d n e w a d bu race o this e sc ipt on , est bli e i N Holl n ; t s e i d r d d to as he has gi ven no p c fic esc iption , I am is pose

r o f hi r r . e r re q uestion the accu acy s epo t Eve n , how ve , we ’ M r ha s s s i s re a con rm ed the fact of . Cunning m uppo it on lly fi , the Dingo and domes tic dog b re eding togethe r woul—d not milit ate in any dcgree against the t ruth o f my positions u I have no hes itation i n admi tting that gro ups o f animals may be, d s so near l though s pecific ally i tinct , ye t y allied, as to inte rmix d e an eve n p roduce re p roductiv offs p ring . The question as to f rt is i n in the ffs ri of s h io s inter ac m st e ility ex t g o p ng uc un n , u , f s be sa f r se e r o n e ces ity , tis ac to il y ttle d e ide ntity c an be e ve n m a a e e i th ati s ugges ted . He y h v b e n mposed u pon by e n ves or m ay have con fo unded w ith s uc h a s uppos ed mong re l race f a n f a b ree d o f Dingos o a bl ck a d tan colo r, which are ar mo re e as ily tamed than the com mon v ariety . Of these the re was a fine air a ars a o th a rde o f the p , bout ye g , in e g ns d h e 2 0 0 ] i a e an re r a r . I ri s h c l Soc i ty , t ey w em k ably ge ntle I n Ne w ala nd the re has be en fo und an appare ntly fe ral h a i s t n i dog, c alled by t e n t ve Ka u a t ut , res pec ti g wh ch a t radition e xists th at he was given to them som e ce ntu ries t r w s by ce tain divinities ho vi ited the i r sho res . I n aspe ct, fi; r m b e rs log ve y clos ely rese bl es the Dingo , ut h appea to have d bee n pa rtially domestic ate .

r im arm re st

f h s l The Dhol e is a n ative o Indi a, ove r w ich pe nin u a it ex m r n tend s in g re at nu be s, a d be ars diffe re nt n ame s in diffe re nt

' ' “ ’ e Wi i o l O fi l he Dhelo in agre ably du cribed in ll u m n riental Field ' NATURAL m sroav or m e nos . 3 1

w a r a r M ns . It s o igin lly desc ibed by r . Hodgson as the ' * gis um and t of Cam s P r imcev us a , by hin given the title , s,in i w f h his as o t e s 2 1 . Opin on , it the origin dome tic dog , ( 0 0 Pro

. 1 83 3 a nd sa f roc w c oe d , in the me volume o p eedings e re ad r s s r a y nd r a communic ation a dd e ed to the sec et r , a d esc ibing a f dh l r wild dog by the n a me o o e, as found in the P e sidency o f ’ a . a o f . H d s s w a Ne fil Bomb y The loc lity Mr o g on dog s p , the e aste rn and we ste rn l i mits o f its ra nge being the S utle tj and

B urliam pootra . 1 8 d s a In 3 1 , Co lonel Sykes e cribed wild dog from the M ah ra us a s e w f tt , which he c ll th ild dog o the Decc an . Colonel Syke s s ubs eq uently compared specimen s of his wild dog with a sc r ed M r s and f r th t de ib by . Hodg on , ound them to co res pond in e a r rs f the mos t minut p ticul a , even to the ci rcum st ance o an the r r a r tooth‘ ' o f r w and W ting hinde tube cul l the lowe j a , — v a rying only in qu antity and qu ality o f coat a v a ri ation depending cle arly on individu a l pe culi a rity a nd on clim ate . sam e o r s —fo r a r The Dhole , , Kol un these n me s a e synony s— is bo s o f a s a f r mo u a ut the ize m ll wol , but is much mo e w rf ll its s a r r e u y built , limb , in pa rticul , be ing rem a k ably e r o- e and s a r r r to its s its ars g bon d , mu cul , in p opo tion ize ; e re a r a nd r d d r a l ge , oun e at the tips ; the muzzle is mode ately te s a a o f r r oin d , omewh t like th t the g eyhound ; the t ail ve y

push its is a s a r d o r ff. y ; color ndy e , bu s e s ll f fe r In h abit , th se dogs pre ent a the ch a racteristic s o o

f r e w n a . cic u a be asts o p ey . Th y pro l by night a d by d y in r a nd f f disc imin tel y , a hunt in p acks o rom ten to sixty . While rs r a e a and is o n s and in pu uit , they utte p culi r yelp , it cent ,

s a the fo r s ss . r not on ight , th t y m ainly depend ucce Thei is e r nd r s a a ra and speed , howev , con sid e rable , a thei v ge cou g e endu rance rende r them a terro r to the most formid able rangers

f . u h r o the wild The p a nthe r, the wild b ll , t e tige , the l s a f an as r f a a o f dho c . eleph nt , all e y p ey be ore p ck On they e r a f r of an a a s we p , coming upon thei g me with the o ce v al nche , r a nd ove rwhelming thei r victim in a living to rent . The m i m s hunted anim al ay, indeed , kill m any of h s ene ie ; but he aff r for r r s a of r ss has little time o ded him exe tion , o di pl y p owe ,

Original or prim eval dog. f Has a ny o ne o f m y zool ogic al re aders eve r found the hinder tube rcul ar t e o e aw abse n ? If so I o u d be hankfu for the in tooth of h l w r j t , w l t l a T e c o nnec ion o f de cie nc o ha ir cover in i h deficie nc form tion. h t fi y f y g w t y

. e a d o n ed out b ha e m nen na u a is Col. of te th, has b ee n l re a y p i t y t t i t t r l t , o a ces in o os i io n to han cone H . Smith ; but I have m e t with m re inst n pp t t r i es e c fi m atory of h s opinion in this r p t. 2 NATURA L m sr oar or m s nos .

for the de ad or wounde d are hardly missed ere others have r r ushe d into thei pl aces .

Co lonel Babcr says, ( Trans . A si at . Soc . As o fte n as l n i ar a n f h ave m e t with the m , they h ave we nv i bly i packs o f e from thi rty to pe rh aps s ixty . The y m ust be ve ry orm ida bl , r e r m r m r e t] as all anim als a e v y uch a f aid o f th e . F equ n remains of hogs and dee r have bee n b rought to me w

h d a as. h ave bee n taken ove rnig t by thes e wild ogs . The n tives nd an e r d ft s e rt that the y kill tige rs a chee tahs, d th e is no oubt o he ’ a r a the ho bl fact . It would ppea th t D le e of be ing if a ad s are e an t tamed , t ken you ng ; ult not y hing f f d . n he re is a rie o f a o , ( Ho gson ) I Ce ylon , t a v ty Dhole o a r r e bu m re l r in a b y colo , ve ry fie c , t o so ita y its h bits . In m r e d d of sm al e r s ze e r l e f x Su at a, th re is a wil og l i , v y ik a o , f s r m nd n r r a u a k h rs . o a as hy g ay colo , with h p zzle bl ac w iske J a r s d e f f I n av the e exist a wild og about th size o a wol , of a es h b rowni sh colo r. Colonel Syk b ro ug t a Dho le to England and p rese nted him to the Z oological Society f t me e r o Landoa fi rst speci n , I be lie v , e ve brought r to Eu ope .

THE Wl LD DOG O? CB lNA .

r l th e is us ual l This dog is ve y ike e Dhol , but ly ess in size, and its e ars are s malle r and mo re pointed ; its colo r is a ts in its at e c w b right bay . Of i ha bits n iv ount e know 1 f e a r i e th se f i nd u rthe r than that th y e , l k o o ts ian con e ne r, w at o nce predato ry and grega rious . 1 sa one that h gbeen is r and h h a ar b rought ove r to th count y , w ic ppe ed e xce edingly

f . f d e r i w v t ame and pl ay ul I oun , howev , that t as e had s uff red w t re ache rous, for although it e me to carem it i d f my h and, and had e ve n t ake n b re a rom m e , the mome nt I d ed ft r me and a tu rn ed to epart, it plu ng a e s n apped t my legs f r e r s uffe red b o tun ate ly , how ve , nothi ng ut the cloth of m r ha e d a h s i d w t ouse rs . l v bee n tol th t t i w ld eg 1 8 id e ntica l i a of but I a da a h c f u d i th t Ce ylon , w nt t on w i h to o n an opnion .

THE AGUARA OF SOUTH AM ERICA .

W ne w r d w rs d he n the wo l as fi t iscove red, the n atives we re f i n ssess of d es ated d s r di re ound po ion om tic og , ve y ffe nt in ap " pe arance from any of the Eu rope an races ; and beside s these ere fou se e ra a i s a ed A ua w nd v l wild c n ne , c ll g m . The

' ’ ‘ h this tact to bo lost sight ott S ‘ T NATURAL HI I ORY OF HE DOG . 3 3

-do s r s of d n ative s c all them bus h g , o dog the woo s, and asse rt that they a re only tame dogs run wild . s r a is a The wild dog mo t common in South Ame ic sm all , r - d f - a a s ar sho t legge , stout , ox like nim l , but omewh at l ge r than f f r i s an the fo x . It is o ten hunted o ts kin , d s uch o f its r r as m a a a r a r a d b eth en y h ve been p ti lly ecl ime by the n atives, m ake no s c ruple o f joining in the ch ase . The se dogs a re ve ry

and re r r . a ar s ilent, a g e at ogu es They ppe , indeed , to thieve fr a r and a r s r f r om pu e inn te p open ity to thieve y , o they will ste al and hid e article s fo r which they c an h ave no poss ible

use .

THE D888 OF EGYPT . — P rincip ally inh abiting Nubi a and A by ss ini a the Thou s — f . a rs re s ar Anthu s o H Smith e e ct , muzzle not h pe ned at the L e ndul us a s r and a r r point , lips se m p o , t il ho t h i y , colo , a m ix r f d r a and ff r tu e o i ty white , bl ck , bu , p roducing a se ie s o f s a a s s a se o f s f m ll bl ck pot , c u d by the union the tip o the longe r

a r . has se r r h i s This dog likewi been , by some n atu alists, e garded as the o rigin o f o u r dome stic dogs and it is ce rtainly f v r f o e r ancien t origin , as has be en p oved by he ads o dogs

' taken fiom the c at acombs , which evidently belong to a simil ar a v riety . Of the h abit s of the Dee b I h ave not be en able to obtain an r f r f r a y ve y satis a cto y in o m tion , excepting th at it appe ars m r d s s r and o e cowar ly than wild dog u u ally a e , th at it is e asily

a d r affe a . t me , when it becomes ve y ction te Its height is abo ut e ighte en inche s . We now a rrive at the m ain subject of this vol ume

THE DOMESTIC DOG .

E a a a a o f d d ven when t ken in det il , the n tomy the omestic og n r r be sa ff r a r a fr c a , pe h aps, s c a cel y id to di e m te i lly om th at f f r w s di o the wol o the ild dog , the points in which any s c re pancy exists not being s ufficiently st riking to c atch any r but an expe rienced eye . Such discrep ancie s, howeve , do exist , and when combin e d with othe r and impo rt ant physio a fa ar f s a s - o f logic l ct s, e s u ficient to e t bli h the non identity the

n fa . a r s c anine a d lupine milies I h ve , howeve , noticed ome of r a s a r a and is ssar t e these disc ep ncie l e dy , it unnece y to a c pitul ate them he re . s The dog be longs to the MAMMALIA , or anim al posse ssing teats for the nou rishm ent of thei r young to the CARNIVORA, 3 4 r um “ . m sros r or m nos .

r —for f r s the e f arti le o f h o Wh eaten flesh o m chi c is diet. i ts He is d gitigrade , fo r in w alking he s uppor himse lf on the - f i r i . e is us u e xtre m ities o h s toes , o d gits H ally w f . d r t ith the wol , fox , j ac k al, &c , un e he ge ne ric tion of eanis, and is mo re partic ularly separated ’ — animals by the te rm camis f anulzh ns A he familiar or do westie dog . The den tition o f too dog is as follows

n the e r aw six mason or c tti -tee th . upp j , , u ng ; w t o canine teeth, o r t us ks i r ri de rs n s x molars, o g n , o each side . w In the lowe r j a , six inciso rs ; two ca nin es ;

seven molars on e a ch side .

r ee h are als e lar w Of the uppe r mola t t , th ree f mo s, t o are - - is o r f r ra r tubercolor ,and one c wmu d ” ,o o med the h r f ending f r m ars f ur w than grindbvg . O the lowe o l , o are fals e , t o

a r a i r. s i tube rc ul ar, and one c n m e I n ome w ld canines , the second tube rc ular molar-tooth o f the lowe r j aw is co nstant] d i ho l &c . an n e wanting , as in the D es , ; one ( M galotis, d — Smith) the re e xists a redun ancy 4 M re be ing, in the uppe r

w m lars each side and in the l w r e i h . j a , se ve n o on , o e , g t as fiv t f re fee The true dog h e oes on the o t, and fou r teen i bu all a fiflh toe occ u rs on t—he h nd ; t w easion y on the hind fee t sometime s on one , and sometimes on both . This toe is lled the d w-cla w and is trsn all re m ed b the s rtsman ca e , y ov y po while the anim al is yo u as its p rese n ce ts calculate d to w im pede its move me nts . gme w rite rs s pe ak of this cla as

peculiar to ce rtain breeds . l have had m uch ex pe rie nce in r a d it as an u uesti able e i f dogs, and eg r nq on v dence o im w ‘ p urity o f b ree d, he re ve r e xis ting . Va rious atte m pts have bee n m ade by mode rn w rite rs to f e arieties of the do mesti d int r c l assi y th v c og o g oups . A ve ry recent autho r ( M r . M a rtin) has adopted the fo rm r l a size o f the car as a c ite rion . Co one l Smi th pe ars to have

in r meas u re u l r . de pe nded, a g e at , pon co o ideas are ak d u both ve ry ood, when t e n as a j ncts to anothe r syste m of h f d t but f f a mo re phigosop ieal oun a ion , are o themselves alse

and deceptive .

’ 0 M n e will ottea mi nifu t itself m n ~ . or imp r , y gon oration the a m hu tam cq m d whcn nflothu appem u u NATURAL m sr oav or m e DOG . 3 5

1 am d i spos ed to t ake the l amente d F rede rick Cuv i e r as n uid e and f r ar s o f r y g , to o m the v ietie dog into g oups , ia dicated by the least vari able po rtion of thei r os teologic al r — st uctu re c raniologic al development . This a rrange ment m ay be form ed with reat e as e and ll h a r s f s r r a simplicity . A t e v ietie o the dome tic dog a e e dily i r r a ass s f divis ible nto th e e g e t cl e , as ollow rese r r r a I . Such dogs as p nt a conve gence of thei p a iet l c es side-walls f s as r a nd the on , (the o the kull , it we e ,) condyles o f whos e lowe r j a w a re somewh at be low the level f h r r f r n o t e mol a o c hee kd ee th o the uppe r . These e sent a nd s r nd e long ated muzzle , a high a somewh at lende ra me , a a re fa r more rem ark able for the i r powe rs o f sight and s wift ss ha fo r a r h o f s se o f s ne , t n ve y hig development the en mell .

II . The se cond g roup cons is ts o f dogs which p res ent ar s a ra o r at e as e r a a r p ie t al bone p llel , l t n ithe pp ently con r nd f r w vergent no divergent , a the condyle s o the lowe j a on e r r r a a level with the upp mol a te e th . The s e a e us u lly dogs o f r a s a and e r oss ss se s f g e t ag city , g ne ally p e the n e o s mell in r h d r . is r r g in a ve y hig e g ee It , howeve , somewh at p e r f r r m atu e to s pe ak o the m , p evious to a desc iption of the r thi d g roup .

. r s s div r t and ”I Pa iet al bones e n ibly e g en , the condyles of the lowe r j aw m uch above the line o f the uppe r mol ar teeth . r r ro r This g oup p e se nts a st ngly m arked cont as t to the fi rst, a nd the v a rieties o f which it is constituted a re gene rally r r e r bu f rf r cha ac te iz d by g eat lk o body , by powe ul st ength , i a r a f s nd ndomit ble cou age , pugn city o dispo ition, a not any r ve y g reat development of ment al powe rs . Although the v a rietie s constituting this roup appe ar to posse ss a large f f r a the ra is fl development o o ehe d , appe a nce chie y owing ra r a o f bone s r s a to s a the to thickenin bg m tho e eogion th n uch development o f brain as would predicate a high deg ree o f m r te llectual powe . n r r res r e ll h The fi rs t a d thi d oups p ent , mo e s cia y t e f r r r a r orm e , strong m a ks 0 o igin lity the secon looks ve y m uch as if it owed its o rigin to the intermixtu re of the fi rst f r f r sa and thi rd . O the o igin o the dog I have , howeve , id e nough and I h ave now only to enume rate and desc ribe his r v a ieties . ls a m o Unde r a fou rth he ad I sh all de sc ribe mongre , nd a them such fe w c ross-bre eds as have bee n found judicious 3 2g ofitab a me m st e le nd a c s . n , h ve now , onsequently, beco al o t tie d v arieties . 3 6 m m “ . m sronr or m Doe .

The first group is repre se nted by the greyhound ; and may b- appropriate ly be divided into two s u varieties, de pe ihr thei r distinction chiefly on the length and texture of

hair . These sub wa rie ties are the rough , or long haired i um and the smooth, or shomha red . I may en erate them as follows

ria - I h wol f dog , H ighl and deerhound ,

G reek grey

Arabian greyhound .

Common British re yhou nd , Ital ian greyho uog S mooth Tu rkish g reyhound, i - S T ger hound of outh A me rica .

A l tholl h I have here separated the I rish wol h t e B ig8 Fand dee rhou nd , and from the I have only done so, partly

the descenda nt of the I rish in some respects diffe rs from wha t that noble and the Scottish yboun , again , is j ust as ' “ difle rent from In: prototype the g rho un d

CHAPTER IV.

-d ‘ ' CLASS Io IBB GREYHOUNDS .

- — The Irish Wolf dog f Canis Gram mmu

d i om renowned and redoubte an mal , fr to age, in “ tradition and in song, one of the lori es of he Sacred ” Isle, and with his kindred unriv ed race, the I rish giant

88 tu m msr oar or rm: nos .

men of a compa rative ly common breed of , called the m ll t Gm r DAN E, an ani al that sha be trea ed in this l . i the w l d ume in his p ro per pl ace Had th s been I rish ol og, it it were absurd to s peak of his scarc y, far les s of his s x r mc A m thou ht his w - o r rox . That Lord lta ont g dogs ere wol f d gs, I do not doubt ; and it is very possible that , some gen erations k had o f the r in m bac , they might have a true b eed the , suh eq ue ntly los t b crowing and I li ke wise make no doubt in but that the Great e , troduw d w D anis h invaders , as o ften used in ol a a imals the w in the chase of the s vage n , olf in particular, with which our wo ods abou nded bu t is it not m t abs urd to ’ t s es r i e find wri ters adopting M r . Lamber d c ipt o and figu r of ' n

ifl and d e the n . his Danish m ast , yet a h rin to a cient nomencla ’g - ture of Canis Grains Hi bernicus the I rish greyhound '

. d No r would thes e mastiti like ogs have , alone, proved equal - o . m d to the task o f w l f hunting The y ight , in e ed, i f very — ’ — fine spec ime ns but not suc h as Lo rd A ltamo nt e hav e been s ufi ciently powerful to grapple with their grisly fee ; but th at foe was very swi ft o f fo ot , and he had fe at that dogs of their hea vy make wou in flee tnem nee w ar to perform . Want g the y an animal, the would run him do wn y scent.

m ualiti at ta t e . sl uggish te mpe ra ent , q a gre ly h ir fi ve r as boar i d i n a bounds, the purpose to wh ch the y are applie thei r n tive t r if country , fi n i f they were oo eager o too sw t be the boa r, there would very but few of alive but such q ualitiee swoul be am t am in the chas e of an ani ma l characterized by

“ The

’ e - I t is e v ident, then, that the dw de ratum in a wol f dog was w a combi nation of extre me s iftnm ,to enable him to overtake a and o r and his r pid f rmidable quar y , vast stre ngth to seize ,

l him v . m e m e , and s ay when o e rtakm s bo five I may here ob erve that, a ut or six years ago, I pub lished an article on this subject in the “ Irish Pe nny which every writer on do who has published since that time has done me the hone a ?appropriati some with full a nd fair acknowledgment, others with on y such a partial ao

Kay. NATURAL m sr oar or m e nos . 3 9 knowled m ent i r g as was calculated to m slead the reade . I now lay cl aim to my own prope rty , and finally embody it in na o a s . foll wing pages, with many ddition ,the result of subse * quent investigation . Pliny relate s a combat in W hich the dogs of Epirus bore a '

. H i s e part e descr be th m as much taller than m as tifls, and of greyhound fo rm ; detailing an account of their contests

and . This s with a lion an elephant , l hould think , s uffices to establi sh the identity of the Irish wolf dog with the far f s amed dogs of Epiru . Stra bo d e sc ribes a gigantic greyhound as having bee n in use among the Ce ltic and Pictish nations and as being held in such high estee m , as to have been imported into Gaul r u e fo the p rposes of th chase . Sili us de scribes a large a nd po werful greyhound as having been imported into I re l a nd by the Be ige} ; thus identifying - the I ri sh wol f do g with the cel e brated Belgic dog of antiq u ity , which we re ad o f i n so m any places as h aving been brought f r o s o f t e to Ro me o the c mbat h amphithe atre . Ho llin s hed says of the I ris h They a re not without wolves, and gre yhound s to hunt th e m , bigge r of bo ne and limb than ” “ a a r a colt . C mpion lso speaks of him as a g eyhound of ” great bo ne and limb . the a s - E velyn , d e scribing sav ge ports of the bear garden , bu lLd I h says The ogs did exceeding well , but the ris wolf d a hou d s ag exceeded , which was a t ll g rey n , a tately creature , and did beat a cr uel Here we hav e an actual com . ri n s s do a so of power , which mark the to h ve been a grey Ez e s o m astit und , and quit di tinct fr m a ’ In the second editio n o f Smith s Hi s tory of W aterford , ' - o is m ifi the Iris h wol f d g desc ribed as much taller than a ast , u and as bein of the gre yhound form , uneq alled in size and

. K strength . Smith writes Roderick , ing of Con to a e n u ht, was obliged furnish h wks and gr yhounds to Hen lg Sir Thomas R ue obtained great favor from the Gre at bp 6 5 for s ogul , in 1 1 , a brace of I rish greyhounds pre ented by

V . Dess ara es a him . Hen ry II I presented the Marquis of g , f i Spanis h grande e, with two goshawks, and our Ir sh grey hound s .

f a . s In the reign o Rich rd I I , land were still held under the crown , and amongst other fa mili e s, by that of E ngaine , on

In ce I us s a te a accoun in uest on was on j usti , m t h ere t th t the t q i ly

. R. subscribed with m y initia ls, H. D ' 40 NATURAL m s roar or rm: DOG .

r conditio n of the holde rs k e e ping a c e rtain n u mbe of wol f. dogs

fitted for the ch ase . ( H . Smith . ) ” J a e s a e has his A u s f Sir m W r , m ntiq itie o Ireland , col lected u o a o e a e this do m ch i nf rm ti n r l tiv to g, fro m which I o o e a : I us e e a o o f give the f ll wing xtr ct m t h r t ke n tice those, o s o e o f r h und , which , fr m th ir hunting wolv e s , a e commonly a o s e a u s a c lled wol f d g , b ing cre t re of gre t strength and s ize , a nd of a fine sh ape . I c ann ot but think th at th ese are the d ogs which Symm achus m e ntion s in an e pi stle to his brothe r ‘ ’ ‘ F la v ianus . a sa s he fo r th I th nk you , y , e present yo u e o f ca Scolici s mad me some nes , which were hown at the Cir c e nsian e s to the e as o s e o f o gam , gr at t ni hm nt the pe ple, who co uld not j udge it poss ible to bring them to Rome otherwise ’

a o e s . se s e . B o th n in i r n cag I am n ibl Mr urt n , (Itinerary of A e a the oo s e s o f J us s i sius E nton , tr ding f t t p tu L p , ( pist .

B . e . i. . e no s u ad elg C nt , p mak s cr ple to say , that the o s e a us e s m astive u d g int nded by Symm ch wer Briti h s . B t, a h w with s u bmi ss io n to s uch gre t name s , o co uld the British m stiv e e a Sc lions a e a g t the ppe llati on of o , in the g Symmachus live d ? Fo r he w as Co n s u l o f Ro m e in the l atte r e nd o f the e fo r fo urth c e ntu ry ; at which tim , and so me time be fore , nd f r a e a w as a o m a n y c e nturie s ft r , Ire l nd w e ll kn own by the

o f Scotia s a e s o o a . . B s name , a I h v h wn bef re , (Ch p I ) e ides , the E ngl i s h m astive w as no wa y compa rabl e to the Iri sh wol f dog 1 1 1 s ize or e le gant s h a pe no 1 wo uld it m ake an astonish fi u he s e e t e s O h mg g re m t pect acl e s xhibit d in h circu . n t e

w o lf. d as e u o th e r h a nd , the Iri sh og h be n thought a v al able t e a e s a a nd is so n pre se nt o the gr t t mon rch , ught afte r , a d is se nt a broad to all q u a rt e rs o f the wo rld ; and thi s has bee n one c ause why th at n oble cre at u re has grown so scarce a mong u a i h t e s e e s, as nother s t e negl e ct of h pecies sinc the xtine nd e he tion of wolve s i n I rel and a , e v n of what rem ain , t size

seem s to h av e dwindl e d fro m its ancient st ateliness . When Sir Tho m as Ro we was a mbassador at the court o f the Great 6 to M og u l , in the y e ar 1 1 5, th at emperor des ired him send i oun as for so me Ir sh g reyh ds , the most w e lcome present he o u s o e could mak e him , which being d ne , the Mog l h w d the n gre atest re s pect to Sir Thom as, a d presente d him with his

f u . picture , and se v e ral things o v a l e We se e in the public record s an earli e r in sta nce o f the d e sire fore i ners have had - n a for hawk s and w olf dogs o f Iri sh growth . I privy seal V o e u o fro m King Hen ry III . to the L rd D p ty and C uncil of ‘ his e a e s o e the n I re l a nd , wh e re in maj sty t k n tic , that at i stant Albe rk rke S i suit of the D uke of y of pain , (of the Pr vy Coun NATURAL m sr oa v or THE DOG . 4 1

n a the a u s of De s rr oil to Henry o the be h lf of M rq i a ya, nd his s n a e as his a e s to a to a o , th t it might pl e m j ty r nt the nd his son and the o e e 0 gti em e said m arqui s, a , l ng r liv r , y ar l ou e a tw o os a s and o u e o u s a nd y t of Ir l nd , g h wk f r gr yh nd ; fo ras m u ch as the s aid d u k e h ath don e the king acce pt a bl e i a s nd h is o e d a the s a se rvice in h s w r , a th at t e king inf rm th t id a s e a t e s a o od- l he the re fore rants m rq ui b re th o him pe ci l g wi l , , ,g the s a s u and o a ds a the e u fo r the e e id it , c mm n th t d p ty tim b ing sh all tak e o rd e r for the d e l iv e ry o f the s ai d h awk s and gre y o u s u o the o e o f the s a a u s a nd his s on a nd h nd , nt rd r id m rq i , f th l the o e e o e e a and a e e as u e s a . l ng r liv r th m , y rly ; th t tr r r h l ’ n ta k e the ch ar e s o f b uying the s aid h a wk s a d ho unds . It is tr ue th at ritis h hounds a nd beag les w e re in re put ati on a s r s n T us o the o a fo e e e a d u s e . m ng R m n , th i r p d q ick c nt h , N e m ian his une ti ks es , in C ge c

Divisa Brita nni a m itttt ’ Ve o es nos tr1 ue or s v e natibus a l c , q bi ptos.

G e a B a n se nds s ou nds r t rit i wift h , ’ F ttte st to unt u on our o unds h p gr .

‘ And A ian a s the B ritish hound dx fih a i veul o a do pp c ll , g x fig g, g th at s cents the track o f the game . B ut th i s ch a ra cte r d oes -do is n f not hit the Iri s h wol f g, which ot r e m a rk abl e o r any h e a s a a u t e os e . ss e s A ldr v a ndu gr t g city in h nting by n Uly o s , ' s e a e e e s o s of the Ca m s S coticus a n and G e n r, h v giv n d cripti n , d two prints o f th e m v e ry littl e di ffe re nt fro m the co mm on h u nt ’ - d . e are s a s e s e e ing h ou n Th y , y G n r , som thing l a rge r th a n th u - o u o f a o r s a s o l e common h nting h nd , br wn o ndy p tte d co r f s a nd a r o n th o e s b o , q u ick o me ll ing , e e mpl oye d e b rd r e r twe e n E ngl a nd and Scotl and to foll o w thi e v e s . The y a e ’ - n h f f c all e d sle u t h ou nd . I t e Regia m M aj es ta em o Scotl a nd is thi s pass age N ull us pe rt u r be t a ut im pe diat Canem tra s se ntem a ut ho min e s trassante s c u m ips o ad se q ue ndum I atro ’ ne t a d c a ie ndum latrone s z No o s a a n s, au p b dy h ll gi ve y t t -do s or m n dis turba nc e or hinde rance o racing g , e e mpl oye d ’ a e r a r with the m to tr c o ppre h e nd thi e ve s o m al e factors . Thi s ch a racte r no w ay agre es with the Iri s h w olf-dog and the a e s se e h and Aldrov andu s re d r mu t ob rv , t at wh e n Ges ner o e the s mo rn o a w as e wr t , in ixte e nth c e nt u ry , de Sc tl nd w ll o the a e f o a w as not the o u kn wn by n m o Sc ti , which it in f rth e u e s a d e e and c nt ry , wh e n Symm ach u s wrote the a fo r i pi stl . b ldr vand th e re fo re , the Ca ni s S coticus de scribe d y A o us and ” e s e G n r, w e re dogs o f diffe re nt spe ci e s . Th us far we h a ve prov e d the Iri s h wol f-dog to h ave bee n a 4 * 4 2 NATURAL m sr omt or run nos .

f r l arge greyhound , of size and strength a s uperior to ordinary

e o rigin al gre yhou nd was unques tionably a long haired do t s oa now g, and he mod e rn mooth c ted and thin animal , known

a a i a . by th at name , is comp r t vely of recent d te Of this we 1 n the o n a v e s uffici e nt evid e nce ancient m numents of pt, in e s a and r h un wh e re , as w e ll as P r i India, roug g e y o of great s ize and powe r still exist . A dog of he same kind has

be . t ll o a be e n d e scri d by H Smi h , as we kn wn in A rabi and a gig a ntic ro ugh greyho u nd was fou nd by Docto r Cl a rke, on t o a nd he c n fines or Circ ass i , a by him desc ribed as id e ntical ’

r o u . k s Tra v with o u old I ri s h greyh nd ( Clar e els in Russia,

Ta ta r nd Tu k . r y, a r ey ) find a the s o its fi We th t mooth greyh und was , on rst intro “ ” o s a - o r a ducti n , known a g ze h und , being rem a k ble solely fo r s and s . ight peed , ( H Smith and in process of time the a e a e o e e r l new pp llati o n b e c m f rgotten , and m rg d in the o igina a nd e o n e a e w ll kn wn o e of gr yhound , up to th t p riod given e l n . s e to the o a a e . exclu iv ly h i red v ri ty , (H Smith ) We ma e a nI w as the s o - re h unt th n in fer, th t not o y I ri h w lf dog a g y o i s - r \V e n but al o l ong l1 ai ed . h ce he origin ally c a me wo uld , a s ffi i if perh p , be di cult to dete rm ne with any preci sion ; but I to a a e s m ight be pe rmitted h z rd a conj cture , I hould refe r his o s s w find s r r n . rigin to W e te rn A i a , where e a di tinct e p ese ts tiv e o f him still e xisting . From thence he was bro ught by ’ the Sc lla the o e s Scoti s . . y , pr g nitor of the , or ancient I ri h Per h ans the best mod e of defining the true character o f the an e wo lf do be to his e r t ci nt g, will to point modern r p esen ative

s a n ffi u . and thi c , I conceive , be done without di c lty I may ” l . u a he e o te dia . he re q ote write r in t P nny Cyc p , ( A rt I re who oss ss o o f a The Scoti , were in p e i n the i sl nd at he f u a a t time o the introd ction of Chri sti a nity , ppe a r to h ve been , to a gre at e xt e nt , the s ucce ssors of a peopl e whose name and mo num e nts indic ate a close affinity with the Be lgze (a

' M end G eo Pe e the e e te I u an ua an w o y fri , rge tri , c l bra d r b tiq ri , h has publis hed a n i nte res ti ng accou nt of C ycl opea n arc hitect ural rem ai ns as d i I a nd is dis e d to conn ese e m a ns the m s ous foun n re l , m ec t th r i with y te ri r eha c ot Pe as i o f He odo us c a e en se to m an Pe as an y ( l g r t , whi h h v giv ri y l gi

He a so ound an c o s ac es G eece 1 I e and. theo rte s. has l f m y uri u tr of r 1) r l s Tu Now the Ir s a nna s &c . ace ew co on e s as w e ll as the a i h li t , , tr th l i , ths ’

D anaa ns a ro annon. Is not M r. Pe ie s o n on e e da , (Da n i f m G tr pi i , th r o e a to a coun we owe the do des e n of a e n on and l f r , th t th t try g . rvi g tt ti ; wi l ' o fio s i t e as to m own de a on n t this a rd so m e sort o f pl au ibil ty, a l t , y riv ti of ' — — — the nam e of the gre yhound : Canm Grai ns Graj as sive Gre ene G reek ho und ? NATURAL HISTOR Y or TRE nos . 4 3

Teutonic tribe) of So uthern Britain . A peopl e al so, called r ui ore the s w r fi C th by Iri h ann ali s ts , ho a e id e nti abl e with the s o f No e B a n ue to a a o f Pict rth rn rit i , co ntin d inh bit po rti n o the a e a i sl and d i s tinct from the Scoti , u ntil ft r the Chri sti n mi ss i on and it is o bse rv abl e th a t the n am e s o f mo u ntain s and e a a e a e s a s s fll s e se e the r m rk bl pl c in th t di trict , t trikingly r mbl topographic al nom e nclatu re of those p art s of North Brit ai n a e not e aff which h v be n e cte d by the Scotic conq ue st . The mo n u me nts and re lie s which a tt e st the pre se nc e of a pe ople o s a a a t c n ider bly dv nced in civiliz ati on , a so m e pe ri od in Ire — u as o a u n land s ch Cycl pe n build ings, se p ulchral mo nds co a s o e a e s e s o s e ts and e t ining t n ch mb r , min , br nze in trum n we p ons o f ass o and e e a a s — ou a e a , cl ic f rm l g nt w orkm n hip w ld pp r to be e a e to so e o f e d s s s f nd r fe r bl m th pre e ce or o the Scoti , a ind ic ate a cl os e affinity be twe e n the e a rl i e st inh abit ants e f l re ” a W m e a nd a a e eo e . e a e a a l nd th t nci nt p pl y inf r , th n , th t s a w as e o e the lte l oe the Be do o f a u Irel nd p pl d by g , lgic g ntiq i t w so u we d r s u y as the rc e wh e nc e e ri v e d o u Iri h greyho nd . — We are i nforme d by two v e ry e min e nt a u tho rities the Ve n Be e and the o s h his o a a o — a o crabl e d , Sc tti t ri n , M j r th t Sc t w W n a nd a e s o l and as peo pl ed fro m Ire l and . e k o w , I h v h wn as u e a o J e s a a the a r m ch in my xtr ct fr m Sir a m W re , th t by e l s o a was s e and e a y write r Sc tl nd tyl d Scoti a M in o r , I r l nd , Sco tia M aj o r ; and it is sc a rce ly n e ce s sa ry fo r m e to m ak e any re m ark as to the id e ntity o f the n ative l ang u age s of the prim . ti a o f t e w e a i v e inh abit nts h t o co u ntri e s . Th col oniz ti on , e f a the o u o f th e re for , o Scotl nd fro m I re l and , u nd e r c nd ct R uda e a e c an w u e a the o o s s ou e ,b ing dmitt d , e s ppos th t c l ni t w ld o mit t aking with th e m s pe cime n s o f s uch a n obl e and g all ant do one a us o s s e a e to e e a g, and th t m t pr v e o ervic bl th ir migr nt and a too a e m e n e e e d u o m as te rs ; th t , , t a pe ri od wh n d p nd p n f r su ? ue s is but an e the ch ase o thei r bs i ste nc e Tr , thi inf r i n to b we find a ence ; but s it ot e re ce iv e d as a fact , wh e n th t d e do e tall rou h powe rfu l an n obl g, the Highl and de rhou nd , a , g a e e e o e its o o gre yho u nd , to h v b n kno wn in Sc tl and s inc c l ni zation Fo rmerly it w as c all e d the wol f-dog bu t with ch ange f e a f e a d o s e o occ u patio n ca m ch nge o n ame . In Ir l n , w lve w re c e rtainl y in ex i ste nce l onge r th an in Scotl and ; but wh e n the o the se anim al s c e ase d to e xi s t in the fo rme r co untry , w l f o u Not so o a e e d gs be c ame grad ally l ost . in Sc tl nd , wh r e a e the a s ab u nd ant e mpl oym e nt re m ain e d fo r th e m , e v n ft r d y of w ol f-h u nting we re o ve r the RED DEE R still re m ain e d and - h use ful as had these s u pe rb d ogs pro v e d as wolf dogs, they e am e a a u a e as s . c e , p rh ps, e ve n mo re v l bl deerhound 4 4 NATURAL m sr onv or run nos .

S uch re l ics of Celtic verse as have esca ped the merciless nts t b hand of time ,and amongst other f , hose collected y’ s Macpherson , under the title of he Poem of Oss ian , “ in form us that the ancient Scoti possessed a gigantic grey i a hound , e u anim al of vast size and prod gious strength, qu li b his s ur sm s ties more than equalled y pas g peed , which was used by warriors of olden time in the chase of the wol f and ” ” ee was BR N Boundin B e d r . Such A , g ran , Whit ” “ ” “ B Hw w ted B . 8m m s breasted ran , yf ran 1 —, who e very n ndic of his c o f c . ame is beauti full—y i ative haracter the har acter o f his race signi fying , as Celtic scho lars info rm us, ” ‘ B a a mountain torrent . Such , i ndeed , was r n , the f vorite - c m al o wolf dog of Fionn Ma Co h , p pularly known as Fin Mac e o s t i Coul ; and be it recollect d , Fi nn was an I ri h chief a n, kno wn to mod e rn cars as Fing al . :l: w That the Iris h dog as imported into Sco tl and, and even at a i a l ater period th a n that to which I h ve all uded , is suffic e nt ly evident from the following doc ument , bei ng a co py of a letter add ressed by Deputy Falkl and to the Earl of Co rk, in 1 623

Mr Lo an, 1 have lately received letters from my Lord Duk e w of Buccle ue h, and others of my noble fri e nds, ho have e n treated me to send them some gre yho und dogs and bi tches out i a e v of th s kingdom , of the l rgest sort, which , I perc i e , they intend to present unto divers e rinces ,and other noble pe rsons le 1 and if you can possibly , t em be white , which 3 the color

0 Irish or Scotch indiflbre ntly. f T e se e i e s s on re mind the a de of How h p th t will tr gly re r , and will go to sho w ho w nea rly the dic tion of all ancie nt l anguage will be found to ” ” a ox ma e Do - d A a e m no n S - oo ed l ppr i t g face g m , wift f t Achi les, Go ld " ' " n J ooted T e tio. The oimile Moun a n n is n h ot t i torre t he re given , an - m o ed Oa rian to to the i e ooi . e pl y by , mp tu ty of the wo lf dog Scott as e de l n n of is e u d w vi nt y thi ki g epith t , th us applie , whe n he used al ia esc a n d ribi ng torre t , “

A tawny torre nt ” L e the m ane of a c esn ik h ut h on e.

F a s ] o F io na M ac Com hal oon- a o t l g , r , ia l w f Corinne, m onarch of I e and of o m w read a he w as th s r l , wh e th t e m o t accom plished of all the M es an nc es e e as e is a o so d e or sc —w s il i pri , wh th r l g l t r, l i r, hol ar a , according the e e o l is s o a s to g ne ra l r p rt of al h hi t ri n , the m onarc h a nd ne ral of the " famed F ia nna Eirian ancie n I s — n, or t ri h m ilitia . (M oor s Ire la nd - pp. 1 3 0 1 33 ,

4 6 NATURAL nisr oar or m s nos .

M b — Mo unt Louise, cou nty on an s pecimens of whose stock s e o h nds o s a e Es o f V a have pa s d int the a Franci C rt r, q , ic rs

. as Field , county Dublin . Mr Carter h been most assid uous n kee ping up the breed , by cross ing it with the best Scottis h and Wel s h dogs he co u ld obtain and I n e ver could perceive iff e any d erence between them , xcept that the I rish d were i thicker, and not so h gh on their l e gs, as either the ttish “ o f s or Wel sh . One these d og , sent by Mr . Carter to A mer ica, coursed and k illed a wol f, upon the o n prairie , without assi s tance . Few dogs can do this ; and refer for my au

rit r . a e tho y to M C rt r . As s is w l a to the ize to which the I r h o f dog att ined , Gold smith says th at he saw above a dozen , and one was about ” o fo ur feet high; or as tall as a c al f o f a year old . Buff n says he neve r saw more than one , and that it was five feet e high when sitting . Ray call s it the greatest dog h had ”

n . ever se e n . I the same communication from Sir W Be ’ t a v l e a e ntle man ham , which I h e a r dy quot d , that says, “ J . f - Sir Browne allo wed the m to co me into ie dining room , wh e n they put their h e ads over the s houlders of those who sat at table . If Goldsmith mean t that he saw a wol f-dog four feet hi h at the head, we may believe him ; and so m a we be ie ve ' y n Bufio , i f we are to underst and him as measu ring the sitting d o og with a line along the back . I c rdially ree that it was “ ” the gre atest dog Ray had e v e r seen ; bug am uncertain as to the man ner in which the dogs desc ribed by Sir William “ ” Betham put th e ir he ads over the s houlders of the guests e seat d at table . Did they place , as dogs are apt to do, their forefe e t on the back ru ng of the chair ? I think the y did i e d still , howeve r, even with these limitat on s, th y must be a mitte d to h ave been gigantic do w h A large s kull as re ce ntly fifund in a og in Westmeath , i e es b a collector of anti( uit es and oth r curiositi , named J ame s y — Uhde rwood a m an long and favorably kno wn to men of sci f ence , o r his unwearied dil igence, patient research , and ac ute is w s discernment . O f th skull an account as ubsequently published in several of the n e wspapers, by M r . Glennon, of - i i s 3 ,Suffolk street, D ubl n , descr bing it as the k ull of ou r I rish - wol f dog . Every allowance must, however, be made for Mr . ’ Glennon s zeal and anxi e ty to bring the m atter forward in a i s n and hurry . The length of th s k ull was betwee seventeen

- Made to M r Ha tfield in l Si l. NATURAL m sr oar or THE nos . 4 7

eighteen inches, which wo uld have fu rnish e d a living he ad o e o f of u pwards of tw e nty inches . The living wn r the s kull must h ave been at l e ast fo u r and a hal f or fiv e feet high at u no a e the sh o ld e r . I do t, ho we ver, believe this to h ve b e n t e s of ou r o -do a ou at sa h kull w l f g ; lth gh I cannot , the me wh s u he s u time , agree with those o ppose it to be t k ll of a a o f e se e e e a re o a a e a a s be a r . M ny th g ntl m n c mp r tiv n tomist , and th e ir o pinio n s are d e serving o f some atte ntio n ; but to the s ue be to e se a clo se o bserv e r, kull in q sti on will found pr nt f u m any di screpancies , fro m the ch a racte rs o the u rsin e gro p ff s a o o a the of animal s . It certainly di er l s fr m the c nine s, in f u w a nd absenc e of the l ast mol a r tooth o the pper j a , so me own o is a s is s u other partic ul a rs . My pinion , th t thi the k ll to a s e a of an e xtinct animal , allie d , but by no me n id ntic l with the dog ; and a n anim al with which we are now u n acq uaint e s e so a o f th a a e s s o f e d ; pa rtaking , lik wi , mewh t e ch r ct ri tic s d fe s o the a s a s a so h mna . f be r , and perh p , l , the y It i r fr m the skull o f the liyts na e v e n mo re th an it doe s fro m th at o f the b a w s u s a all a o e s he a r . The only e r to hose k ll thi t ppr ach is a s us a us os e e a is n t the Gre at White Be r, (Ur M ritim ,) wh h d o

f s e u . s s e at all u nlike that o a h a ve d d e rho nd Thi kull , th n , t n s I only me nti on , in o rd e r o av oid a y mi conce pti o n a ri sing rel ativ e to it ; o r any mis re pre se ntatio n as to my ow n views

re s pecting it . h a e u s o u e at T e c nin s k ll f und by S rg on Wild e , Dun h u h in aff a a e f d s a g l , o rd a v e ry r tion l mod o e termining the s r the e e e s e o f the -do ize , o at l e as t , xtr m iz , w ol f g in anci e nt times . The l onge st o f th e se skull s ( at prese nt preserved in th i a u e Royal Ir s h A c d e my) m e asures in l e ngth , as acc rately

a m b h e . s a a a om s ay e , eleve n inches in t e bon Thi , t s m ll c u a a o e s and o e ss e p t tion , ll wing for muzzl , hair, kin , th r ti u s .

wo uld give fo urtee n inch es as the l e ngth o f the hea d in li fe . r f u w d A s the skull s a e th ose o gre yho nd s, e m u st t ake the h e a * of u s an a o . O a o do a greyhound to f rni h nal gy sc r, the n ble g.

f . . n o J J . No a so o a o pr perty o Mr l n , which l ng pro ved rna ment to o u r Z oo l ogical Gard e n s, Ph oenix Park , m e as ure d nine t c u : his e and a hal f inch e s, fro m muzzl e o oc ip t h ight at the - u is u shoulde r w as twe nty nine inches . The calc l atio n th s resolved into a common s um in proportion : which m ay be ’ stated thu s for the sak e o f brevity we assume Oscar s head to have m e as ured ten inches

fi gured in our frontispiees 48 ru m “ . m sroar or w e nos .

This would gi ve a height of three feet four inches ; but th is sk ull was much superior in size to an others ; and t cone l m may , herefore , fai rly come to the us on , that fro thirty six to forty inches was the ordinary stature of the — wol f-dog a height attained to by none of our modern Hig h s a l and deerhound , or b any dog with which we are cquainteo. 1 as r h been asse , that the la ge dogs tn pos session of the w late celebrated Hamilton Rowan, were I rish olf do ’ s fin . as ertion which I d contradicted by M r Martin , ( Kg t s V H D0 ” Weekly olume , istory of the 3 the authority of a “ ” tn2) i Dublin Correspondent , who has rmed h m they were '

wolf do s e bloodltos ads . truth is not g , but larg The , Mr . Rowan possess ed several fine dogs, of the bre ed cal le d the n s m l G reat Dane , a imals of a laty blue ottled co or but Mr . i Rowan was well a ware of thei r proper des gnation , and never H by any chance called them by a wrong name . ow any rson could be so ignorant of natural history as to call them

nds . . blloooodhon , I cannot conceive M r Rowan also possessed w suc h him a olfidog, and k new him to be , cal ling the l ast

. d ve l e r of his race This og was a arg eyhound, f l simillt r cu o f an tro n ray color, per ect y to mgand dee r e h m hound . r . Carter, a g ntleman to w o I have al ready rfw tl ffi m i all uded , recollects this dog y, and a r s h m to have e s l d Tts an in i n every r spect re emb e own , but was rior size . R s s e u d o M r . owan sub eq uently this wol g to Lord J tper dcogtethdat M r . esse me ntions as havi ng possessed so wondrous a power of detecting , by the i l scent , the presence of the I r sh b ood royal s m the l d i The I ri h wol f dog for s subject of severa tra it ons . “ ” is n B a a u d The fo llowing, m ti g to r n , the f vorite ho n of ’ 8 Casino . Fingal , the hero of M acpherson , may not prove an inte restin There are two accounts of this tra nsa ction , one

n. iven by Grant, in his work on the Gael , and the other m cu g M r . Scro pe , tn his delig htful volu e

! hey differ to the resul t of the encou nter . I

the fo rest of Sledale , tn company m fo r s his cote porary , the purpo e of tryi ng the comparative merits of their dogs . Pings] brought his celebrated dog B ran to Su therl and , in order to NATURAL m sr oav or w e nos . 4 9

com pete with an e qually fa mous dog belonging to the Suther. l and chi e f, and the only one in the country supposed to be f any match or him . The approaching contest between these fine animal s created great intere st W hite-breasted Bran w ’ as s uperi o r to the whole of F ingal s other dogs, even to the ‘ s ur ly strength of L ua h but the Sutherland dog , k nown by the l- di e P hor ful s oun ng nam of p, was incomparably the best ’ and most powerful dog that ever eyed a deer in his master s

When Fingal arrive d in the fores t with his reti nue and o s d ‘ d g , he was s al ute with a welcome that may be translated thus

W ins a ith your s gre t dogs, W m l a e - ' ith yo ur ni ne s a ler g m C aning dogs, W ith yo ur ni ne spears, Unwie ldy weapons ! And our n ne a s a - s with y i gr y, h rp e dge d words, ’ F am o us we re you in the M m ost fight.

The Sutherland chief al so made a conspicuous figu re , i i nd w th h s follo wers , a his dogs and weapons fo r the chase . O the l s B ra n and P ho f llowin d sc ri f two riva dog , rp, the b g e p tions have still s u rvived am ongs t some of the oldest people in B r S uth e rland . an is th us repres ented

The hiu l li e a o r bent d sg k book bow. T a o ’ he bre ast l ik e th t f a gam n, ’ The car lik e a l ea f.

’ n t Such would Fi gal , he chief of heroes, select from - am ongst the youth of his h unting dogs . P M }? was black in color, and his points are th us described

Two ye llow fee t suc h as Br an had ; Two black eye s ; And a white bre ast ; A w and a back narro f ir, As requ ired for h unti ng ; ’ a s of a A nd two erect e r dark brown red.

“ Towards the close of the day , after some severe ru ns, l m r v e which , however, still eft the co m ati merits of the two f B dogs a su bject o hot di spute, ran and P M were brought n front to from, to prove their cou rage and they were o sooner n untied , than the y s pra g at each other,and fought desperately . Pho rp seemed about to o vercome Bran, when his mas ter, the

A stout gs lding. 5 60 tu rm r. m sr oa r or m a non.

Sutherland chief, unwilling that either of them should be ’ l L us his . kil ed , called out , et each of take away dog u he objected to this ; where pon the Sut rl and chief said , ‘ in ali taunt, that it was now evident that the F g ans did not ’ possess a do th at co uld match with P horp. ' r f F al i t Ange egand morti ied , immed ately ex ended his ’ w IS t venomous pa , as it called , or the tradi ion represents him l as poss essing supern atura power,) and with one hand he b the neck , and with the other, which was ’ a charmed and es tructive one, he to re out the brave animal s e heart . Thi s adv nture oc curred at a lace near the March, d between the paris hes of Clyne and il onan, still called ’ ’ t e Lee k na Con , The s on of the dogs , there having been s placed a large tone on the spot where they fought . The ground over which Fingal and the S utherland chief hun ted ’ ’ - - a s ufl . that day is called Dirri leck Con . B r n e re d so se vere ly in the fight that he died in Glen Loth befo re leaving the fo rest, and was buried there . A huge cai rn was heaped over ‘ him ,which still remains, and is known by the n ame of Cairn ’ Bran . In a work publis hed at Bel fas t , in the year 1 829, entitled ” The Biography of a Tyrone Family , there is a note at rr th s foot of page 7 4 , ua atin e mode of the de truct ion of the s i t l ast wol ves in I re l and . hat note I hall abr dge h us

t e . In the mountainous parts of he county Tyron , the in habitants su ffered much from the wolves , and fo r public fund , as much the head of one of as they would now give for the capture of a notorious robber on r s the highw a y . The e lived in those day an adventu rer, w ho, s e o s alone and unas ist e d , mad it his ccupation to de t roy those e ravagers . The time for attackin th m was in the night, g n and midnight was the best time or doi g so , as that was d e their wonte time for leaving th ir l air in search of food , was when the country was at rest, and all still then , issu d ing forth , they fe ll on their defenceless prey , an the ca rnage a c s fo r commenced . There was spe ie of dog the purpose o f - h unting them , resembling a rough , stout, hal f bred grey . bound, but much st ronger . In the county Tyrone there was - then a large space of ground enclosed by a h igh stone wall, having a gap at the two 0 posits extremities, and were secured the flocks of t e su rrounding fa rmers . Still, sec ure though this fold was deemed , it was entered by the w n . olves, a d its inmates sl aughtered The neighboring pro prietors having heard of the noted wolf-h unter above men NATURA L m sr oav or rm: DOG . 51

ne d fo r ff tio , by name Ro ry Carragh , sent him , and o e red the he ou e a to u s u al re w a rd , with so me add ition , if w ld und rt ke d es troy the two re m aining wolv e s th at had committe d s uch g devastation . C a rra h , undert aking the task , took with him - nd bo o o ou re two wol f dogs , a a littl e y, the nly pers n he c ld p n t and a r vail o o accompany him , at the pp oach of midnight, repai red to the fold in q ue stion . ” N a a o the s ow , s aid C rr gh t boy, as the wolves u ually att ack the oppos ite e xtre miti es o f the sheepfold at the same m s ti e , I must l e ave you and one o f the d ogs to guard thi

t e . s e a s a one , while I go o the oth r He t l with all the c ution a ca n r ou e a but do of t, o will y h r him , the g will , and will pos itive ly give h i m the fi rs t fall i f you a re not active,wh e n he is o to e is e t the o s s a d wn , riv t h n ck o gr und with thi pe r, ” e h will ri se u p and k ill bo th you a nd the dog . “ ’ n the e I ll do wh at I ca , said the boy , as he took sp ar ’ - from the wol f h unte r s h a nd . The d e e a o f boy imme iately thr w open th g te the fold , and his se he e a he a hi a took at in t inn r p rt , close to t entr nce , s f ith o i e nd e e min e e tl ful c mpani o n crouching at h s s id , a s p rf c y w a w a re o f the d ange rous b us in ess he as e ngag in . The w a n and bo e n ight as ve ry d rk a d cold , the poo r littl e y b ing u the ir w as to a o ben mbed with chilly a , be ginning f ll int a o f s e at a s do a oa kind l ep , when th t in tant the g, with r r, e a a s and a hi o a e u the e a . l ped cros him , l id s m rt l en my pon rth The boy was roused into do u ble activity by the voice o f his ’ companion , and d rove the s pe a r thro ugh the wol f s n e ck , as had at a e is a he been directed , which time C rragh mad h p e a ran e p c with the he ad of the oth e r . We possess no accurate inform ation as to the date o f the e f a w as a e s d struction o the l s t Iris h wol f. There pr ent

e fo r 1 7 1 0 . m nt killing wol v e s granted at Cork , in A n old e e his g ntl m an , l a te ly dece ase d , info rmed m e that mother had often told him she recollecte d wolves having been killed V th u V x fo rd a — and in e co nty e so l te ly as 1 74 0 50 , it is as se r a w as e te d by credible person s, th t a ve ry old one kill d

how . in the cou nty Wickl o w in 1 77 0 ! The se asse rtions, n eve r, d e pending only on hearsay evidence, are ot implicitly on to be relied .

THE HIGHLAN D DEERHOUND .

h i e n i T is dog s, as I have shown , the modern repr se tat ve . - u n . ncha ged , save as to stature, of the Irish wolf dog 0 2 NATURAL m s roar or m DOG .

The deerhound presents the general as pect of a all the t greyhound , es pecially in poin s on which i m nn power depend but he s built ore co ely, and altogether on a large r and more ro bust scale . The sho u lder is also n e mo re e levated ,the eck thicker,th head and muzzle coarser,

and the bo n e more mass ive . The deerhou nd stands from twenty -eight to thi rty inches i in h e ight at the shoulder ; h s coat is rough , and the hai r s a i o - - stro ng colo r u u lly r n gray , sandy yello w , or w hite ; all o s i col rs hould have m uzzle and t ps of cars black . A ttempts have been made to improve the dee rhou nd b crossing him with other breeds, such as the Py renean wol y f dog , the bloodhound o Cuba, and the British blood hound ; but all these atte mpts have failed of their obj e ct, and pro duced only deterioration . The cross with the Cuban blood

hound has ro ved least objectionable . It was of this breed ’ M id that Sir alter Scott s dog, a s, bred and presented to

him by Glengarry, run . 1 must not omit to mention that

ir g . a tu ft, or pencil of ark ‘air on the tip of the ea r, is like

wis e a proo f o f high blood . In my opi nion the Persian grey . nd r s a r bo und s bo u , o a ve ry imil r e y at pre ent used in the ‘ w hills of Macedo ni a , oul be found a real ly valuabl e cross, and wo uld impro ve , i nste ad of deteriorating this v al uable w breed , which e may otherwis e e xpect soon i f not who lly disa ppea r, fro m the bane ful effects “ t e i ing wi hin too clos consangu nity , or, as it is ca lled , in

Her maj es ty possesses a magni ficent specimen of de er “ ” hound , c alled Bran . This noble animal st a nds ove r t o e thirt inches in height at he sh uld r, and is suppos ed to be fi e s am the nest specim n of the breed in exi tence . I not sure whether Bran was the gi ft of Lord Glenlyon , but I know that that nobleman presented her majesty with some fine

speci mens of this breed . - The following description of deer cou rsing, extracted ’ w M r . Scro pe s ad mi rable vol ume , ill , I am confident , be with interest No time was to be lost : the whole party immedi moved forward in silent and breathless ex the dogs in front, straining in the slips, and on our reaching to o f the hillock, we got a fu l view of the noble stag, f wpo having heard our ootsteps, had sprung to his legs, and

r oe-em p ss.

a or 64 s n ow marc r m nos .

w w deer, ho as still going at speed , and a with him . Bran was then le di ng, and was at his heels, and immediately seized his

i d them along at a most ext raord n ary rate, in de fi i t i i ance oithe r utmos exert ons to deta n him , more than once in kicking Bran off . But lu tb exha usted the dogs succeeded in pul anfthough he made several attempts to rise ,

lete l his . O mi p y 5ned legs n co ng up, we fo und him per fectl ( 123 3 h S w I ave seen smoot deerhounds in cotland , but they ere not deerhounds pro perly so called, being merel a c hess be . tween the ordinary greyhound and foxhound . In s uch b w it is be tter that the greyhound should e father, as you il i i nd e thus be more likely to obta n s ze a pow r, combined with swiftness . This is more pa rticul arly it is the rough g reyhound to which yo i the rough greyho unds, and m ore ally t and Scotland , there exists a gre a er ispa ri m ale and fe male, than betwee n the sexes 0 r ba of the canine family . For i nstance , of a a dog shall gro w to the height of, say, thi rty a fe male of the same l itter shall exceed twenty -four inches m in height at the shoulder. This is a very re arkable fact, and worthy of attention . d ro The bloodhound has been employe as a cross. but the geny are too slow and beav fo r deer coursing , whate ver £e y l r may be worth as finders, r which atter pu pose why not use the bloodhound at once , without reso to any all ? It is a pity that the deerhound should so scarce i lbr suffe red to become extinct, we may seek in va n that shall combine in his single person so many qualities .

m SCOTTIS H sam om . — This is but a degenerate deerho und a deerhou nd rendered inferior in size , less shaggy i n cos t, less ardent com n in w r i » geo s the chase, less po e l , and therefore less serv ce NATU RAL m sr oar or THE DOG . 55

a e for - s bl deer cour ing , by the e ffe cts o f bre e ding too long e s s a u o r e a s o within the d gree of con ng inity , , p rh p , fr m having e e oss e o e e s the b n cr ed with so m th r bre d , m o t probably l urch e r the s oo e e u s a , or m th gre yho und . Und r th e s circ m t nces I do no t thi nk any descripti o n o f him n e c e ssa ry : his h e ight sel do m e e d - i xce s twe nty sev e n inche s ; h s colo r is us u ally white , o r ra o u o y , th gh fte n brindl ed . Tm : Luncntza is a mongre l , bre d from greyhound and any ’ e do us u a the s e s e o u fo oth r g, lly heph rd dog , or t rrier ; th gh r -s a o e e deer t lking , ft n the bloodho und o r fo xho u nd . Th y are w e a o o e o . not cr d it ble f ll ers , being in gre at r d e ma nd by p achers s do w l o Thi g i l be n ticed in his pro per pl ace as a mongrel .

THE R US S IAN G R EYH OUND .

The true R ussi a n gre yhound is a dog o f tremend ous size — and power cl ose l y re s e mbling the Highland dee rho und tn t to a fa r every phys ic al q ua lity ; bu I am sorry s y, in fe rio r to him in co urag e . Two of these d ogs will not unfrequently a s a o fo r e a s e e race long ide w l f many hundr d y rd , before ith r of them can m a k e. u p his mind to grappl e with him . A wol f is o a e fo a s o a nd do be , h wever , v ry rmid ble cu t mer ; a g might e h f w hi tus ks w e a littl s y o expe riencing the po er o f s , hil he would ru n g ayly into a d e e r ; ! there fo re think th at the Ru s . s ian gre yh o u nd wo uld prov e a good cr oss fo r the pu rpose of im roving o u r Highland stock . he R uss ian g reyho u nd s t a nd s fro m t w e nty -e ight to thirty The o a e e se inches at the sh ould e r . Emper r l t ly pr nted a e s f e s t a s w u s l a h o th s e dog o her M je ty , hich , in the p blic print , e e s a to be thr ec ct hi h a e a s o a w r t ted fc g It pp r , h wever, th t this w as in te nded to apply to the he ight fro m the grou nd to — the to p of the hea d the height a t the sho uld e r be ing not o m u ch ver thi rty inche s . This is the sa m e as the T art a ri an dog ; the same with that e m e w on r . a e me ntion e d by D Cl rk , as having b en t ith by him h a nd is e s o e t e confines o f Circ ass i ; a , without qu ti n , d rived — fro m the an cient dogs of E pi ru s and A lbania the sa m e so u rc e

- o . wh e nc e w e perh aps obt ain e d ou r Iri sh wol f dog . C lonel H Smith says th at the R ussian greyho und is u s u ally white, s with bl ack clo ud s j udging fro m su ch as I h ave s e e n , I hould say th at the co l o r is u s ually an iron or s l aty gray : wh e re an cloudi s e a s o u s usoect r s w at y ng app r, I h ld a c o s ith the Gre e r Dan o Fre nch M a tin . 56 tu r ns “ . m srox r o r m e nos .

THE PERSIAN G REYHOUND .

The Persian gre yhound is one of the most be autiful dogs w The re with hich we are acquainted . are two varieties of this dog : one of a tan color, with very hair upon the barns and under-su rface of - m very long , and dispos ed in fan like for , while the coat upon

r is w. the est o f the bod is cloce and sho rt . This a most po f l i e r u crea ture , frequently ex ceeds thirty nches in height at the shoulder . The other variety is fu rnished all over the body with long silky hair, of the length of from five to eight inches, according to the purity of blood , and the ea rs are fe ath s ered like those of a spaniel . This latter dog eldom ex ceeds

tly happens, how . ever, that the j ackals unite in a body , and turn on their as. sa l i ants, in which case , unless the sports men be well up wi th their the latter sta nd a fair chance of being torn to ' pieces : nee , too h h a rate of going is not cons idered as a des ideratum , but ra er the contrary . The Persian reyho und diffe rs from all the varieties of re ho uncfin n s t i u rough g y his hair, it bei g of a of , s lky text re , i like that of the spaniel . In disposit ion , the variet es present — a st riking di fference the black va riety be in docile and gen . ntil : tle as the spanic i , which he so closely rese es the tan va ri t — e y, fie rce and intractable , but yet amenable to training n r p o cess, however not uired by the other . w I have been told by agl ish sportsmen , ho have resi - ded in India, that the smooth , fan tailed variety of eastern l n greyhound , is a match fo r the Ca rs o n] or Persian y i , and n - ca kill that very formidable animd , si ng le handed ; while - the other sym iel-li ke variety is only fit tbr M eow sing ; and, as Thomson says

for f and that purpow far in e rior to our own smooth breeds , m r a v T NATURAL s o or HE DOG . 57

f fi of rom a de ciency speed , which he does not make up for in

strength or endurance .

THE G REEK GREYHOUN D

Is not unlike the Lurcher ; but its hair, though ong, is f so t and not wiry .

THE ARAB IAN G REYHOUND . This dog is called by some naturalists the Bedouin grey o f e h und , and by others the greyhound o A kaba . H is large f and fierce is urnished with a short coat , save on the tail , which is very bushy ; his ears stand perfectly erect ; color - f f usually bluish gray , but o ten brown , and not un requently re white , with yellow cloudings . This dog bears a close he f semblance to t wild dog o Egypt , named by Colonel T o A m Smith , h us nt/ s ; and is the same to be frequently found

figu red on various Egyptian monuments . Some naturalists have asserted the A rabian greyhound to be the primitive dog— the original stock whence the whole c f a anine amily sprung . That greyhound was the primitive d og , l have no doubt ; but it must have been a pu re one, f which that o A rabia evidently is not .

CHA PTER V .

T H E G R E Y H O U N D S .

SUBD IVIS ION B.

T M D — C M N B D ’ HE S OOTH GREYHOUN S q HE O M O RITISH G REY HOUN . T HE common greyhound is the most elegantly formed , and f f most grace ul o the canine race , and surpasses, also, all

. f his brethren in speed He is evidently , however, a actitious f dog , prod uced by care, and , perhaps, crossing, rom his rough ' or! inal . f - to fin height, the greyhound stands rom twenty six twenty f eight inches at the shoulder, and the emale does not present r that very st iking disparity o f si ze, so remarkable in the ffi deerhound . This fact alone is su cient to warrant the sup i the posit on , that the smooth greyhound owes something to 58 nam ar. msr oav or m e Doe .

' - n i the e flec t of cross breeding . I dis posi t on, ybound is gentle and affectionate ; indeed he, perh aps, e h its the lat

ter quality too indisc riminate ly . The greyhound was brought to the highest state of per fec tion by Lo rd Orford and Maj or Topham . Those cele brated sports men owed their unparalleled sucoew to the ia - w troduction of a cross with the bull dog , and though the t o dogs may appear very different from each other at first view , a very little reflection will show , that from the bull - dog, the greyho und could deri ve all the wished for excel le ncH o ura c ar - dos ge, smal l , whip tail , l arge and On a g8 and eneral firmnem of muscle . the other h n , goun m was d to be recove re d undiminished , while al l the a e points were retained , at the m onth remove from the bull do g w f no aa t t , perhaps the fastest dog that ever ran , came o r - thir tl ree this stock ; he won four cups, and thi ty two or ty r

w lds . matches , at Max ton , and on the Yorkshire e

t S ! a s Ah , an nowball wh t remain , ' ’ ' U a e i p ordon banks, o er Fliaton pla ns , O l — e f a l thy stre ngth thy ein wy force , Which rathe r fiew than ran the coun e ? Ah ! what rem ains ? a r e that thy breed ’ M ay to their father s fame succeed ie And whe n the prize appears in v w, ” a ro S M y p ve that the y are nowball. too.

Many t ri als of spee d to asce rtain the comparati ve powers of the horse and greyho und have been ins tituted . It appears - from these, that on a flat course , a first rate racer will beat a hound h in c t s cc my , but t at a hilly ountry he mus u umb to

re ho un The y d has been sometimes crossed , and that to much van with the re h Scotch breeds . The eels . brated G ilbe eld , who beat al that ever he encountered , was : G il r h thus bred be tfield excited so much atte ntion in is day, that I think the following account of him will rov e inte rest. and ing , may also prove serviceable to our I ris breeders The reiterated suc cess of this old dog (Gilbe rtfield) ma y well excite a smile at thos e who would talk or write him down t - f as a hird rate, or stigmatize him as a lu rcher ! I he be a third. rat h e , the march of in tellect among t e knights of the long tai ls must verily be retrograde ; and if he be , indeed , a

lurcher, it becomes necessary to know , by what name are to be called the n in ety unsuccessful competi tors for the Glasgow NATURAL m sr oav or THE DOG . 9

. P f Gold Cup erhaps, a ter all , it will turn out that these se eming detractions are but a cunning device of t he friends of Gilbe rtfie ld, intended to impres s the public with the idea , t f hat the achievement o f a reputation , greater than that o any f other dog in the United Kingdom , is but a small part o his th f victory , and that e greate r part is the accom lishment o an a p absol ute ch nge i n language , so that hence orth , the word r r f f iu chc is to designate su pe riority , instead o , as hereto ore , f i w - in er ority of blood ; and the ord third rate , to apply to the ascending scale in degrees of c omparison , or in other words, to denote the super lative d egree o f excellence . B ut be this y fi a n it may , we are happ in being enabled to be the rst to blis h o f ilbe rtfte ld u the pedigree G , supplied us at our request W y his owner . e give only three generations , both because f these carry us to the common ancestors o his sire and dam , and because the ancestors o f Blu e he r and Tickler never ran ilb l in public . G e rtfie d (brindled and rough) was pupped in J une 1 83 1 Girafle , ; and is first , by (brindled and smooth)

f V y . out o en us, ( ellow and rough ) “ ’ S u l w as a ill . econd , C i r l o by C p y (brindled and smooth , bro P thc r o ut z . to Oscar) of u z le , ( brown and smooth , sister to M r ’ - B J F ox . V rum s well known Charles ames ) enus, by M r . H f ’ f amilton , o Greenbank s , A l red (white and red , and smooth , f o S P L dz . si re Captain , May , erpent , omni , ady Mary , c ) out o f Ca ill O r Marion , (brindled and rou gh , sister to p y , scar, O il F . Ca l lando urioso , and Bu rr ) Third , p y and Marion were Illu r f W by che (black and smooth) out o Sir illiam Maxwell , f w ’ ld r . o Ca e ood s Tickler, (white and rough ) This pedi ree f runs co unter to many of the pet theories o breeding , which ‘ f ’ would see m to be the mere idols o the kennel , as Lord

Bacon would have styled them , rather than the conclusions f f . o reason , or the result o experi ments f n f Bred rom fi rst cousi s , and sprung rom three successive i e crosses betwixt the smooth and the rough , G lb rtfield, him f sel rough , is a great public winner, notwithstanding, it is said , that breeding in destroys spirit , and that every cross a fle r the first, betwixt the smooth and rough , more and more banishes the good qualities o f the greyhound . O a pinion , or rather c price , even among those friendly to one cross with the rough , is diverse as to which parent should

be rough . It so happens , that in this pedigree the dams were

the rough . B ut this cannot be held to establish much , when ’ f it is remembered that Gilbe rtfie ld s own progeny , out o a - m oth bitch , ( Black Eyed Susan ,) have distinguished them 60 NATURAL nrsr o av or m Doe . selves more than any othe r puppies of this t are thoroughly smooth , and par t h ning of hi m and his lurcher race, eq ual y

i be rtfie d u r makes G l l look not si ng l arly fast up to his ba e . S c c D l a da e ond ,the ra e with usty Mi ler, on the l st yof the cup runnl put an end to all ske pticism as to b “ilbc ' i man bottom fie r br ces of his ances tors, Oscar, Capilly, x and Charles James Fo , m the Lanarkshi re and Renfrewshire Club, and of Orlando F urioeo, B urr, and Giraffe, in Eas t Lo — thian his own success, du ring fo ur seasons, in ev er y club to

v i . A ss Bi e r which he belongs, z , the rdro an , gg , Clydesdale, t d f w Dirleton , and he Lanarkshi re an Re n m s i be ing rough, he ts ex cluded from running at Winchbu g) mhis tri umph at E the commenced care er of his V Goth , andal , Ca , Haf p, Guitar, and the 0 ai i “23d (one litter suppl best evidence, that —G lbo not only inherits , iut can trau ma winning blood the great

d . aim , it is to be presume , of every sagacious breeder of grey ” - Wate r e ournal 1 83 8. hounds. n ck J ,

THE ITA LIAN G REYHOUN D.

r hound i The Ital ian e y is, as m ght be supposed , a native countr w nee s a ve r small of the y it derive its n ame ; it is y , r be a hi delicate creatu e, a mini ture portrait of a gh bred greyhound of the ve ry rst class ; and i t has been occasionally res ofled m as a e m to gin reate r fine ness of fonn and coat to a coarse stoc k of the o gre yhound . The Ita lian Is fl t 0 b greyhound ve ry ee , but is, cou rse, too fee le to be of any service in cou rsi , as he could not hold a he re , i f even v he succeeded in o e ing her . I have known some , however, lees dimin utive than usual,

f e . emplo ed success ully in coursing rabbits. They are x y c hfe and me y eager and viva ious, full of and rit, make i most engaging pe ts . The I tal an gre yhou from be ing m ! — such esteem wit the fair se x , fetches a high price from five t uineas lc in rded as b no me a s unusual if he to en g g y n , t l animal be e high b and hands ome speci men . ’ N l r - Mr . olan , of Eac he o s walk , Dubl in, has some of the finest I have ever see n, and also, I think, the smallest — grey hound in the world 4 dog, now very old, not ex ceeding nine

sr 62 NATURAL m oar or m DOG .

CHA PTER VI.

Tm: sacox n c u ss of domes tic dogs m ay be most b a a rep rese nted by the H OUNDS ; ut, from wh t I h ve al r dil said in my int roducto ry re ma ks, it will re a th at not only does this class p resent l ess appe arance of origin . ls a e rs i ality th an eithe r o f the othe rs, but a o th t its m e m b w ll re re a r s bd s i in r r as t e heir requi g te u ivi on , p opo tion h y , in t r s h rs r ass ch aracte rs, app roac h mo re o les to t e fi t o thi rd cl es,

f re s o r m astitis. ds r r so . th se o h u H e viz , to o g y o nd oun , p op ly a tr u o f his as m s c ll ed, and mo re p rope rly the e type t cl s, u t be t rea ted o f se pa ra te ly . A mong the most st rik ing me mbe rs o f the fi rst doubtful por d r a tion o f this se cond cl ass o f ogs, o those th at app roxim te fa — e are most ne arly to the g reyho und mily whil the y , at the i s r re h n s —l m a e ume ra e same t me , by no m ean t ue g y ou d y n t

f r The G rea t D anish Dog, type o this g ou p ; The Spanis h Bloodhou nd ; The A frican Bloodho und ; The F re nch M atin ;

The Fe ral t ‘ of St . Domiago The Cattle gbgo f C ub a ; Th Par a r a e i h , o Indi n St ree t Dog ; The Me xican or Taygote he W lf-Do 0 rid T o g Flo a.

‘ m a (m an nas a .

d f a i st t re i This is a og o gig nt c a u ; he s, indeed, pe rhaps, one of the ve ry l a rges t dogs with wh ich we are at p rese n‘ f m - acq uainted, st andin ro thirty to thi rty two inch es in

e i h s e r r m . h ght at t e houl , o e ven ore I n fo rm, the Dane is v rf e t ra e f i head l e ry powe ul , but y g c ul h s is e ongated, but t d s ta r a — is e he m uzzle oe not pe to point it , on th con trary , some wh at trunc ated, looking as if it had bee n origin ally in tended to be longe r, but had bee n ab ru ptly cut s ho rt within f a s l a h T an inch o wh t hou d h ve bee n t e m uzzle . he coat of i se and s r r the D ane s clo ho t, and its colo , although cc

I m a re mind my m den that thin dog hu aho boen oot forwn d u yz T R s NA U AL m roar or m s D0 6 . 63 casionall f r y ulvou s o yellow , is more frequently a bluish , s a ar r f l ty white, m ked with spots, o rathe r blotche s, o b rown and a . The ars of a ar r nd dr bl ck c the D ne e sho t, a oop, but

w ve ry slightly . I neve r yet s a a n imported s pe cimen th at r had not the e a rs c opped off clos e to the skull . In its n ative count ry the Dane is employed chie fl y in bo a r-hunting ; it was e lm forme rly u se d in the ch ase o f the elk . It is not im p robable th at the D anes b rought this dog with them to I rel and w e a a w h n they inv ded that country , and th t it as employed n au r - a r as a xilia y in wol f hunting . Once the m tte c ame to a r ar ra fe w r rv egul pple , dogs could h ave p roved mo e se ice a ' ble angfe w could h ave afio rded a be tter c ross with our f- own ancient wol dog . That s uch c ross ing did actu ally take pl ace , is more th an p robable ; and hence the m any miscon ce ptions th at have since a risen rel ative to the re al ch aracte rs f r - had s o ou genuine I rish wolf dog . H amilton Rowan ome — ve ry fai r s pecimens ; so had Lo rd Altamont also Lord ’ O N e il but by fa r the fine st I eve r had the good fo rtune to “ ” se e was r r of , Hec to , the p ope rty of his G race the Duke at a Buccleuch , still living, about ten ye ars ago, D lkeith * a a r r r - s p l ce . Hecto stood a t rifle mo e than thi ty two inche in height at the shoulde r notwithst anding th at when I ;

Since dead an rew rv r Carfrae of Edinbu h , d p ed by M . rg 64 s n ou t. m sr oav or run DOG .

meas r 1 m w hi u ed h he as close upon s twentieth y ear, and ad ho r consequently much d rooped . I h the no of recei an inte rest ing commun ic ation from the duke res pec ting i r s at a t r ha r in which h s g ace t ed , th t H ec o d bee n pu ch ased hi r r r fr a s r s by s b othe , Lo d John Sco tt, om tudent at D e de n, and a r ed r a d e r an nd a th t the b e we e c lle , in G m y a S xony, - boa r dogs . H1 s race also informed m e th at He ctor was he o h e t t alles t d g e hu ge v r se e n .

o r was ve r od- r f r . Hect y go n atu ed, and far rom be ing qua re l r some . He f e que ntly took a walk into the little town of Da l w keith , on which occ as ions he as often followed by the street d s nd e og , a th y would sometimes even ve ntu re upon an at a an w d t ck . Until abso lute aggre ss ion as m a e , howe ve r, Hector co nte nted himse l f with proce eding on his way in d if a w f n m f o r ignified contempt but Ne oundla d, astil , other do at all a r is dd g pp oaching to h own size , dared to me le with “ ” r im u in a and ra him , he would tu n h p twinkling , , i sing his i d l re a him r s a r of h n eg, t t with the st ong e t m k c anine contume ly . ’ had a f r r ru e d bu r I son o Hecto s , not, howeve , t b re , t p o du d f d f h so - a ed i ce rom a Sou th Ame rican am , o t e c ll t ger o ree d i co l wa his ame . his was i h h und b . L n n s n T , w t

e d e r . me and out xce ption , the best og I e v knew In attac h nt his sagacity he mo re than eq u alled the s paniel , and cou rage was f e fi e s im o th mos t indomit able kind. O en hav I een h fro m my window engaged in conflict with two o r thre e l arge e fou d h and av N w n l and dogs reside nt in the ne ig bo rhood, h e r t b ri s u shed to he resc ue , ut h ave as o fte n found him victo ou ’ re s fa u was a r i e I co uld inte rfe re . L incoln only lt p ope ns ty a w d n f to kill c ts and of this he as e ve ntu ally cu re , by o e o m mis those anim al s, at whom he rushed with ope n outh, ta his f r fo r l and ru n r f rr n a ai st king u y p ay , bbi g he se l , pu i g , g n r the ve y j aws that we re ope n to c ru sh he r . ’ s r r s sa a i I mu t he re ec o d an instance of this nobl e dog g c ty . I w as in the h abit o f bathing e ve ry mom in at the ext re mity of the ch ain pie r of N e whave n a bo ut the 51 81 81 1 0 6 of a m ile r w of mcdL from whe e I dwelt . At thi s time I as a student nd r r o s ded the an cine , a , du ing the s um me m nth , atten Bot ical r f r r a r d the ta ar lectu es o D . G ah m , delive e in Bo nic G den , i w w ro t se a and er Inve rle th ro , on my ay home f m he , v y f n ear the house o f m res pe cted and kind step athe r, Dr . le i these c asi s Cheyne . I used to ta L ncoln with me on o c on ,

i a the arden ate . and, on my retu rn , used to dis m ss him t g n recolgected en and go in to l ecture . O one occasion I wh NATURAL m sroar or THE DOG . 66

a f wa a ad f r about h l y home , th t I h o gotten my towel , in the sh ed app rop ri ated to the accommod ation o f bathe rs at the pie r

. r s a ar s r and s a end Mo e in je t th n e ne t, I tu ned to the dog , id . s a s L a s howing my empty h nd , incoln , I h ve lo t my towel , ”

o and s . s r s sa a s a r g eek it To my u pri e , the g ciou cre tu e , af r o for an s a s at a s te lo king in t nt , fir t my empty h nd , and ' f r nd then at the towel o my companion , tu ned a se t o tl at a r r apid pace ba ck tow a d s N e whav e n . At the moment I thought but little o f the m atte r ; fo r I concluded th at the r ra his s s fo r a s r s a and dog would et ce tep ho t di t nce , then re turn ; but he had not re a ppe ared when I re ached the g ate of so d a nd the Bota nic G arden I entere , , as u s u al , he a rd r b t a w as as s r lectu e u wh t my toni hment when , lectu e being r ft ar s and f fa f and ove , I le the g den , ound the ith ul intelligent an a a fo r ss his im l w iting me , with my mi ing towel in mouth .

. M m . . . a . s Colonel H Smith ( N t Lib a , vol . x ) de cri be s the -d as an al ied br d a a boa r og l ee to the D ne , yet not ltogethe r “ nd s a o f a s identic al with him , a pe k s one th t tood little le ss ” w than fou r feet high at the s houlde r . It as doubtle ss so re putad ; but Colon e l Smith did not him sel f eithe r se e o r d h me as u re the dog in question . I o u t not but th at the a ni m al w a bu s s r s a n as very t ll , t I mo t t enuou ly deny y dog a o s am a s s s be ing as l arge as h r e . I l o di po ed to the belie f a is true and his r r th t the s mooth D ane the dog , ough brothe s a r- a cros s . Colonel Smith al o style s the bo dog the S a liot ” i a r s o f c . s a a dog Now Suli ve y limited di trict Alb ni , c in r s ix r s a re s a n c u py g sc a cely hund ed qu mile in extent , d sou th as s s are a s o f lying , where the e dog n tive chiefly the r a ha egion s north o f the B alk an . I think th t Colonel Smith s ’ bee n led into this misnome r from a hasty view o f Gmelin s nis u i lus L atin de s ign ation o f the gre at D ane , Ca S l , derived evidently from the employment to which the dogs were de sus o r and fr a voted, viz . , hunting the hog , not om the loc lity w r a - he re they we re bred . In the olde p intings , the bo ar dogs a f the are evidently o f the g re at D a nis h stock , with a d s h o gr e at rough g reyhound ; and p robably s uch we re m any of r f- s f r a r had ou l ate r I ris h wol hound , a te the origin l b eed r g own somewh at sc arce .

THE SPANI S H BLOODHOUND .

This is the dog rende red so in famous by its employment in the chase o f r un aw ay neg ro sl aves in South A me rica and

the Spanis h West Indian Isl ands . 6* 66 T R m s'roar or NA U AL m Doc .

' In fo rm it is inte rm e diate betwee n the m aatifl and the r m re g eyhound , but app roxim ates o close ly to the l atte r than f to the orm e r . Its colo r is us u ally tan or live r color ; whe n i d r f s p e , the pu ity o the breed is usce ptible o f do ubt ; the coat is ext remely fine ; the ears are se mi -e rec t when the h anim al is e xcited , t ey are p ricked somewh at fo rward ; the muzzle and tips of the ears are d ark ; the tail is fine as r a us h . The Sp an is h bloodhound sta nds fro m twe nty-six to twenty i ht es in e i a — e inch h ght t the shoulde r s e ldom more , and f g . s 0 en less Col umbu , whe n he invaded A me rica, num be red ’ a sta tl f f r o twenty bloodhounds as pa rt o his army . Mo e re ce ntl y , in 1 7 95 , a hundred o f these fi e rce dogs we re se nt to J a a fr a d a r maic o m the H vana, to be employe in the M oon ” w r a . D allas , in his H isto ry of the M a roons, tells us that Ge n e ral Walpole o rde red a review o f these dogs and their cha ss e ur s r rs r r a ards , o kee pe , p incipally colo ed Sp ni , that he . m ight obse rve thei r conduct ; and acco rdingly rocecded to a pl a ce ca ll ed Seve n Rive rs, accompanied by lone l Skin r w w a d N f ne , ho as ppointe to co nduct the attack . otice o his c a ded r d f e h s r oming h ving pre ce him , a p a a e o th c as e u s w as rd and di e f t o e re d, the y we re take n to a stanc rom he

se r b a a . hou , in o rde to e dvanced whe n the nard lighted i r e h r r On h s a rival , th commiss ion e r, (who p ocu ed the do s a in his re s was des red to a rade he . g ,) h v g paid s pect , i p t m The Spaniards soo n appe a red at the e nd of a ge ntle ac livit d u a l ards o f fo r c y, rawn o t in in e , conta ining upw ty m e n r d in fr u and tton , with thei ogs ont, nmuzzl ed, held by co ‘ ’ . On r a d sc ar e ropes eceiving the com m nd , f t c, they i h g d

f se s n U r a a . his w th e ir u e , a d adv anced as pon a e l att ck T as inte nded to asce rt a in wh at e ffect would be p roduced on the

do s if a d d r a r f ar ns . The e g , e ng ge un e fi e o the M oo voll y was no soon e r d isc h arged than the dogs rushed forw ard with r f a a ard the g e ates t u ry , m id st the shouts o f the S p ni s, who

w e re d ragged on by the m with i rres istible force . Som e of d ed hi he k the dogs, m a den by the shout of attac k w le ld bac s ns in the ha d by th e rope , se ize d on the stocks of the gu n s

nd e . r im . of thei r keepe rs, a tore pieces out of th m Thei pe tuod ty was so g re at th at they we re with difficulty stopped f r w e essa r be ore the y re ached the gene al , ho found it n c y to nd if get into the ch ai se from which he had alighte d, a the mos t strenuous exe rtion s had not bee n m ade , they would ” r me wr te rs the have se ized u pon his ho ses . So i on have con found ed the Sp anish bloodhound with the Cuban R s a or m s NATU AL m r o r DOG . 67

' tifl a r r a rr r as s mas ; ve y g e t e o , no two dog could well be

r ss a and a i M r . ar mo e di imil r ; m one public t on , by M tin , e n ’ ” e s a a titl d Knight Weekly Volume , we h a ve ctu lly a figu re ' given o f the Cuban m as titis some time s ince kept in the “ r a r a f g r a towe men ge ie , t ken rom the Men a e ies , public a “ tion under the p at ron age of the Society for Promoting ” r a f a Ente t ining Knowledge , but with the new title o Cub n ’ z ou o r Jlfa r B loodh nds stgfls . N atu ali sts who m ake s uch m is t akes mu st be satis fied to s ubmit to the friendly cor rection of saw w dogf a nc iers . I a fe ye ars ago a be auti ful bitch o f thi s - r e ss ss o f o ur r ir r . b e d in po e ion Su geon Gene ral , S Philip C amp - . w as e f ton She light color d , evidently very highly b red ,o most ra f f r a nd he r a r a g ce ul o m , gentle in deme no , but by no me ns

to trifle d . i r r r be with It s to be eg e tted th at, no tho ough r d he r r b ed m ate be ing to be ha , p ogeny h ave not been pre se rved pu re . Closely allied to the Spani s h bloodhound is the A F RICAN a ra f a nd a f r a re a r HOUND , g ce ul be uti ul c e tu , p t aking also , to f s a r s a nd a f . g e at extent , o the h pe a pect o the pointe r A s f s s nd r le a h o the e , two m ale a one fem ale , were b ought ove r a rs a o r nd some ye g by Colonel (then m ajo ) Denh am , a by r s s r e a him p e ented to the then exi ting Towe M n gerie . The - s a e to a a . o d s f colonel t t d the c re t ker, Mr C ps , th at he ha him el often hunted the gazelle w ith them and th at they we re pos f a a r s f s a s ss o s s nd . e ed extr ordin y wi tne , cent , cunning The se s r a s at e r d s d r d dog we e l o , one p io , u e , as othe bloo hounds , in fu o r ar r i r r tracking a gitive enemy m aude to h s et e at . Co ’ lone l Denh a m s hound s a ppe a red quite s ubdued in confine m e had s all r a fire and s s ent ; th y lo t thei n tural prightline s, ra a r s a nd f and had g du lly become mo ose , ullen , spite ul , no r efforts could induce them to pe rpetu ate thei race . f s a r r Neither o thes e dog e , howeve , properly entitled to the e pithet o f bloodhound ; th e y a ppe ar to h ave acqui red it only nd r a o w r r from thei r employment, a p ob bly e thei o igin to a r - c ross at so me remote pe iod between the t rue , long c ared bloodhound o f B rit ain and the more eage r and active g rey r r f hound . I am the mo e confi med in this opinion rom the f a s s s r s cross -bred act , th t both the e dog clo ely e emble the r s s a s o f a dee hound , sometime u ed in the Highl nd Scotl nd , fa r a a whe re th at anim al 1 s thu s b red . It 1 s only i th t th t gentle — — and affection ate anim al the genuine bloodhound a dog far f r s s t se from being either c ruel or e ocious, hould be di tinc ly p

isr a am sa s . arated from these , his d eput ble n e ke 69 NATURAL HISTORY or THE nos .

THE FRENCH MATIN .

M any contradictory d e scription s o f thi s dog are given by f s as a s sim n aturali sts, some o whom de cribe him mooth dog, - ilar to the D ane others as a rough and lurcher like mongrel . ff s a an Bu on , the fir t who brought the m tin into y thing like no f h s e s and s a . as a s o tice , de crib figure him (qu rto ed ) ort roug f nd a co ated gre yhound , o only mode rate stature , a not rem rk

a b r r a . a s s l e fo a ny physic al o mor l qu ality . Mr M rtin de cribe * w a a s a m atin which he sa in P a ri s as a smooth co ted , gl ucou f and as re m m din colored dog , st anding three eet high , g him o f the v ast st ature and be a uty which ch aracterized the I rish f- wol dog .

M m . . . s s Colonel H amilton Smith (N at . Lib . a vol x ) de cribe this dog as equ alling the D ane in st ature , but h aving a fl atter f d a s a ore he ad , a more pointe d nose , go h ir,color u u lly white , h n f the e a s a s are wit o e or more cloud s o brown r , l o, more a nd the s s e a tri ngul a r, a tip bent down , howing upon the whol

f . e c e rt ain intermixture o the olde r G allic dog It is fierc , but ” k f a s s a not rem ar abl e o r d aring . Ag in t this de cription I h ve a a an u su nothing to object ,except s to stature . The gre t D e , a as a a r a s a s r s lly , I h ve l e dy t ted , exceed thi ty inche in height nd a b aw a at the s houlder, a I do not think ny ody ever s a m - nd e d s s a a tin th at stood over twenty eight : i e , I hould y th t ' - ix s i a . B ufion twenty s inche s bout the a verage height , with na he a f pe rh aps p a rdon able tion ality , but in t bsence o both nd s has f sound re asoning a common sen e , put orw a rd the a f nd hi fa f m atin s the origin o the dog, a , in s very nci ul gene r a m alogy , de ive s m ny noble and valu able breeds i m e diatelv

T . HE F ERAL DOG OF S T DOMINGO .

s is f s W Thi dog ully de cribed by Colonel Smith , ho al so

s a o f . a a s f give figure him It ppe r to be a sort o wild hound , a a s f f ppro ching clo ely to the orm o the greyhound , but some nd wh at coarser , a to be the de scend a nt o f the bloo dhound s f s a a s ff ormerly u ed by the Sp ni rd , to e ect th e i r conquests in

s . the western hemi phere In st ature , Colonel Smith describes thi s dog as at le ast e qu al to the l arge st Scotti sh or Ru ssi an a e - s greyhound , or bout tw nty eight inche high at the shoulder,

4‘ ’ I hink ha the fine anim a hich a ac t t t l w ttr ted M r. M artin s notice s e mu t hav be en the Gre at D ane.

T 70 NATURAL HISTORY OF HE DOG . while it was month s before I recovered the use of m y right r h a nd and a m . In the West Indie s these dogs are employed to convey and a s to aid a f c attle across rivers , l o them in l nding rom the “ f s hip s in which they a rrive . We h ave O ten witne ssed, when vessel s with live -stock a rrive in ou r West Indi an nd are s ut a ass colonie s, a the oxen hoi ted o , by sling p ed a f e r s s round the b se O th ir ho n , the gre at as ist ance they

aff an . r x s s ord to bring them to l d F o when the o , first u pend i e and a fa ed by the he ad , s lower d , llowed to ll into the m e n a and w ate r, gener lly swim , guide it by the horn s but t r r n r a othe times thi s se vice is performed by o e o two dogs, a a a n n who, c tching the bewildered anim l by the e rs, o e o f f e ach side, orce it to s wim in the direction o the l anding n r f pl ace , a d in st antly rele as e thei hold when they eel it ’ s touche the ground .

THE MEX ICAN DOG .

- - a a n t a r A long b acked , ill sh aped nim l , o unlike lu cher ; r legs comparatively sho t ; and e ars u s u ally cropped . This is identic al with the Te chichi de scribed by Fern andez .

THE IVOLF -DOG OF FLORIDA

a fr Is described by Mr . B rtram as di fferent om the loc al wolves only in its powers of b arking . His anecdote Of one which w as trained by his wild m aster to gu ard a t roop of n a r horses, without a y hum n s uperintendence , p ove s it to be ’

nd e a a s a s . highly docile a intellig nt, (B rtr m Tr vel ) This dog st and s upw a rd s o f twenty-sev e n inches in height ; the

is f and s . e ars a re e rect the t ail ull , bu hy

- THE PARIAH , OR E G YP TIAN STREET DOG . “ ” f This is prob ably the Keleb O antiquity, degraded by

fa nd . m ange , mine, mongrelis m , a general neglect its i This dog, miser able as is condition , s not destitute of is s a a s and i w goo d qu alitie s . It g ciou , will not quit ts o n f r qu arter O the town , whe e it acts as a gu ard upon the prope rty Of the inh abitants ; none will tran sgress the limits f r r O their particul a district, even though Offe ed the most tempting baits x f

N at. Lib. M am . v ol. x .

” 1 The do s Of is esc S u eo W d g L bon, d ribed by rg n il e, present a similar trait of character. o 7 1 N ATURAL HISTORY OF THE D c .

an Nor is the P ari ah dev oid of cour age . l recollect “ t a a on r a anecdote , old , I think , by C pt in Brown , O ient l ’ a a was as a r s a Field Sports , Of a P ari h th t c t into tige c ge , his s r u s to se rve th at anim al for a me al , seizing mon t o enemy nd his s by the nose whenever he appro ached , a by pirited conduct in spiring the tige r with s uch re spect, th at it not only a a s r ce ased attempting to de stroy, but actu lly conceived t ong attachment for the dog .

CHAPTER VII .

HOUNDS PROPERLY S O CALLED .

The ani sh oin e . The Talbot . Sp P t r e The P ortu ue se oin e . The Bl oodhound . P t r

o The re nch P om te r . The Stagho un . F The Orie ntal Hound The I tali an P oInte r.

d The n i sh oi n e r . The F o x houn . E gl P t Th e a m a i an o r arn a e The H arri er . D l t , C g

D o . The B e agl e . g The Ru ssian oin er The K e rry B eagl e . P t . h ho nd T e Otte r u .

TERRIERS .

Th e a e s . The Russ1 an Terrier. M lt e The S cotti sh . The S outh Am erican .

o . Th Tu rn i The I sl e f Skye e sp t . The Harle um T The E ngli sh . q em er THE TALBOT

a f d Is, pe rh p s, the Olde st O ou r slow hound s . He ha a bro ad mouth ve ry deep chops ; ve ry long and l arge pen “ s w a fin - a nd n a r r dulou s e a r s e co ted , a ot, s some w ite , ough ” hi w as u on the belly ; s color u su ally a p re white . Thi s ’ ” f a r w as the hound ormerly known s St . Hube t s breed ,

nd w as s f the n. a di tinct rom bloodhound , though by some co w founded with th at dog . It as rem ark able for its deep and sonorou s voice and it w as this hound o f which Shakspe are w as evidently thinking, when he wrote

M hounds are b ed out of the S a a kind y r p rt n , ’ S O fie d so sanded and i w , , the r he ads are hu ng ’ With e ars that sweep away the m orning s de w ’ C ook -k ne ed and de - a i ssa ian u s r , w l pp d l ke The l b ll ; ’ S o in u su i bu ik e e s l w p r t , t m atch d in m outh l b ll , ” Each u nder e a ch. w This as the same with the old Southern hound, and not, ‘ as Colonel Smith seem s to suppose , di stinct from i 7 2 N ATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

THE BLOODHOUND .

It is prob able th at the Bloodhound sp rung di rectly from a a r the preceding dog , h ving origin lly been me ely indi f a n a vidu al hounds selected from the p ack o T lbots, o ccount r r r o f thei r supe rior s cent or s peed ; o , pe h aps, thei a cci r d s o f and dentally being d a rk in colo an le ss noi y tongue , from these circum sta nces less li able to be detected by the n is a felon Of whom they we re in pu rs uit . The bloodhou d

a f r s a a t all , s howy hound out, In state O pu ity, eldom tt in s, n a s - a d ce rt inly never exceed , twenty eight inche s in height at — the shoulder the ave rage height is twenty -six inches for - f nd . em ales , a twenty seven for m ale s The e ars are singu rl and nd f la y long pendulous, a should , in a pe r ec t specimen , ’ an or o f n a s fr i be within inch two the a im l height , om t p to s a r as tip acros the he d . The gre at L andsee h immort alized n a f the Bloodhou d in m ny o his s uperb p aintings . Among “ the rs l m a a his r o , y n me Dignity and Impudence , e pre f his e s enting a noble Bloodhound looking o ut rom kenn l , in grave and dignified m aj e sty ; whil e a little wire -h aired te r r r is i r ie at h s feet, apparently impudently g owling at some a r a r r r pp o ching int ude . Those who h ave seen the o igin als Of s ainti a r a a a a ful thi p ng h ve p onounced M lvin , be uti NATURAL HISTORY or THE DOG . 73 a a of r nd r wn nim l the breed , b ed by me, a ecently in my o

f r r E . f possess ion , but now the p roperty o Robe t Sp oule, sq , o Kilde vin r ra , to be gre atly s uperio r to the Bloodhound po t yed ’ “ ” a s r . r is r a w a by L nd ee M alvin a s s i e , Bev , figu ed bove , s k r li ewis e tran sfe rred to c a nv ass by my friend C . G ey , who, as an anima l p ainter, c an be reckoned second only to the a as r a - a a s a s -six gre t m te bove mentioned . M lvin t nd twenty s and a s as -five inche in height , her e r me ure twenty in extent , and a s o f r of upw rd five in bre adth . The colo the Blood is tan o r nd tan e an s if hound , bl ack a , lik Engli h terrier ; f white be present, the breed is impure . The jowl o the i nd . bloodhound s deep , and his air m ajestic a solemn The r f r nd ve tex o the h e ad is rem ark ably protube ant, a thi s pro tube ran is ce ch a racteristic of high breeding . The Blood “ is f l hound not , as Colonel Smith s uppose s, s ilent while o lowing the scent but he is certainly le ss noi sy th an othe r s nd nd his ba hound , a only open s occ as ion ally , a even then y is as s ft a ar fr e ily di tinguished , a er h ving once been he d , om a f th t o every othe r de scription of dog . It has been frequently s u gge sted th at the Bloodhound s hould r - be once more employed in tracing felon s to th e i hiding pl ace . a a n s r o f its s s c ru M ny h ve obj ected to this , o the co e uppo ed e lt r n t a s a ar a r s y but they a e o , perh p , w e th t the B iti h Blood hound does not inj ure the Obj ect o f his pursuit ; he merely a s its a nd his o ha in a s its tr ce it to l ir, a then , by l ud y g, indic te i r h s . m far f positio n to hum an a uxili arie s I a , howeve , rom — advoc ating a ny thing o f the kind I le ave the matte r whe re

f fo n a . I und it, to be c a v asse d by othe rs as they pl e s e ” 803 — f r In 1 , the Thrapston A ssoci ation a society o m ed — in Northam ptonshire for the suppression Of felony p rocu red d a - a n a f r o f s s a s . tr ined Bloodhound , o the detection heep te ler r f d a m n w as s a In orde to prove the utility o the og, a di p tched f rom a spot , where a gre at concourse of people were assem

‘ ’

a . d n r a r a s . an f bled , bout ten O clock , A M , a hou te w rd the w Af f an r n hound as l aid on the s cent . ter a ch ase o ho u a d a a f th f m r r a h l , e hound ound the an s ec eted in a t ee, m ny

s f . mile rom the pl ace of st a rting . ” M r . his a s n ir f us a a e r Boyle , in Tre ti e o A , in orm s th t p son o f a r a qu lity , in orde to sce rtain whether a young Blood had n f i s a s to hound b e en well trained , c aused o e o h s erv nt a a f r f d a r w lk to town ou miles o f, an the n to a m rket town th ee f w s . d s m an as mile rom thence The og, without eeing the he s f s to a o - to pur ue , ollowed him by the cent , the b ve mentioned s tw - pl ac e , no ithstanding the multitude o f m arket people th at 7 74 N ATURA E HISTORY T OF HE DOG .

en a s r and f r w t long the ame o ad , o t avellers th at had occ asion r ss and n a f m r to c o it ; whe he c me to the chie a ket town , he p ass ed th rough the streets without t aking any notice o f the as n a people the re . He ce ed ot till he h d gone to the hou se m n s s s f nd whe re the a he ought re ted him el , a where he found r r f him In an uppe oom , to the wonde r o those who had accom panie d him in his purs uit . The only modes of e sc aping the une r ring scent of the blood r hound we e crossing w ate r or s pilling blood upon the tr ack . ” s La o f as Sir In the note to the y the L t Minstrel , W . Scott s f r w ays, B a rbour in o ms us th at Robe rt Bruce as repe atedly * - a . tr cked by sleuth dogs On one oc c asion , he esc aped by

a a r nd a . w ding a bowshot down b ook , a thu s b ffled the scent The pursuers c ame u p

R eht to the a ass a y burn th i p yt w re , But the s e u h-h und ade s a i l t o m l nt ng there , A nd w a er t an im e ta and fra v y l g t , That he n a cert ain gait c outh ga Till at the l ast J ohn of Lorn ’ Pe rse u vit the Hund the sl e uth had borne .

The Bru ce, Book VI] .

A s u re way Of stopping the dog w as to spill blood upon the s a f t rack , which de troyed the discrimin ting fineness o his scent . w A c aptive as sometimes s acrificed on such occ asion s . He n s f a f u ry the Min strel tell s us a rom antic tory o W ll ace , o nded ’ r s a had on this circumstance . The he o little b nd been joined n or F ad an a a s a a by a Iri shm an , n amed F awdon , ze , d rk , v ge , r f a s ar s s at a and s uspiciou s ch ara cte . A ter h p kirmi h Bl ck n id a was f r r r a s Er e s e , W ll ace o ced to et e t with only ixteen s a e s - ac ' followers . The English pur ued with bord r leuth br h ,1 r r a awd n r or aff to or Bloodhound . In the et e t , F o , ti ed , ecting

r . a be so , would go no farthe W all ace , h aving in v ain rgued r ff hi and with him , in h asty ange struck O s he ad , continued r s a r s a the etre at . When the Engli h c me up, thei hound t yed ” a u pon the de d body .

THE STA GHOUN D .

n ft ss As the b reed Of English horse s incre ased i swi ne , sportsmen found th at it bec ame necess ary to inc re ase in an r s cir u e qu al ratio the s peed Of thei r hounds . F om thi c rn

— h or s o tra ck s cial of b ood. From sleut , l t , e pe ly l ” k- a le. f Literally, trac be g NATURAL HI STORY OF THE DOG . 75

f stance , we h ave a cquired the Staghound , a cross rom the Talbot or Old southern hound or bloodhound with some lighte r s a r — a f r a tock , prob bly the g eyhound c re ully b ed b ck to the

desired stand ard . f a In stature , individu al St aghounds requently equ l the

. s r r bloodhound Few p ack , howeve , a e to be met with ex ce e ding an ave rage Of twenty -six inche s ; and twenty -five s at f e -s is a a a inche , the or houlder, more ne r the gener l m rk . a r n e u i a f- In ppe a a c , the St agho nd s h al bre d bloodhound , and he certainly possesses one v e ry striking pe culi arity in common — a . f a a t with th t dog viz , o pertin ciously dhering o the firs t scent on which he is l aid . The tru e St aghound has g radu ally di e d aw ay since the d ays o f Ge orge and has be e n repl aced by a dog more a the f u and a for ne rly allie d to oxho nd , th t the very re ason al — e a a e as a a f . r dy dduc d h ving produced the St ghound itsel viz , a fu rther incre ase of sp e ed in the horse s employed in the a a s s e - ch se . Hunting h ving ub equ ntly become ste e ple ch asing e e a e a s f r in disgui se , v n the old St ghound b c me too low o mod as a nd has a e e a on s f ern t te , he ccordingly b n l id the hel . The ” f u has a f oxho nd now become , liter lly ,the hound o all work . f u r Represent ation s o dogs, very like o Staghound , are found

a mong anci e nt Egypti an p aintings . We m ay fitly de scribe b e a the dog indicated y th m s the orient al hound .

THE ORIENTAL HOUND . i f Thi s hound s more like the s t aghound th an the oxhound , ff f the a a r o f i di ering rom l tter dog in the gre te height ts legs,

and the shortne ss o f its body . a f n f Colonel Smith giv e s figure o o e O these dogs, from a drawing m ade in Persi a o f one of several belonging to a Coord ”

f. N at. . M am . v l . . ish chie ( Lib , o x ) These are said to posse ss so fine a nose as to be able to trace — dee r several hours a fter the y h ave p assed a fineness of nose a f nd r that , con s idering the he t O the clim ate , a con sequent apid f f a ev aporation o the particles o s cent, indic te the se dogs as n r — if r superior in nose to a y Eu ope an hound , pe h aps, we ex

cept the bloodhound . Thi s is by some refe rred to the hound

f n ou r . a f . s a s c lled the breed o St Loui , rom P le ti e , to which

hounds owed much improvement from crossing . ’ f a In Wilkinson s M anners and Cu stom s o the Egypti n s,

- An ardent admirer and patron of stag hunting. 76 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

is a o f a a of s s fr the re representation given p ck the e dog , om

s o f s . e u f which Mr . J e sse , (Anecdote Dog , p not b ing s ficie ntly acqu ainte d with the s ubj e ct to distinguish the st ag hound from the foxhou nd ,t ake s occ asion to a rgue th at th e l atte r i de a e as and s n o f dog s i ntic l with the tern hound , con eque tly a f as a a is of a e y ve ry anci e nt , in ste d O , he ctu lly , compar tiv l is f s r d s f the modern origin . It rom thi dog th at the e hound o u f nd f s for continent , sed , in the ourte e nth a fi teenth centurie , f nd u d e u hunting the wol a bo a r, spr ng ; they ha be n bro ght

f a e s . thither rom P l tine by St Louis, in the thirteenth centu nd ry z their princip al ch aracteristics we re speed , bottom , a high courag e in genera l aspect they seem to h ave re sembled r nd ou bloodhound s, but were rather lighter , a more like the st aghound .

THE FOX HOUND

Appe ars to h a ve been produced from the staghound by a

f nd a a s o f a . is ss cross o greyhound , a prob bly l o terrier He le in size th an the staghound ; has sm all e r and less hound -like a s a re a r Off e u . The e r , which ls o u s u ally ounded wh n yo ng foxhound w as unknown to u s until within the l ast two hundred * a ye rs . is a a bou nd u to all s s o f s and He bold , d shing , p ort port , “ ” h aving more o f the devil in his composition th an any Of his u fu a is a su congeners . He is now fo nd so u se l th t he m de to

e rs d all nd is to s &c . a p e e other hound s , a bred ize , , ccording x - is to the s port fo r which he m a y be require d . F o hunting — no longer h u nting it is nothing but steeple -ch asing ; a nd I n asu w e on c annot dwell upon it with a y ple re , hen I r flect the

f as is now f . ba rb aritie s which spring rom it , it ollowed

THE HARRIER . w This as a sm aller hound th an the preceding , exhibiting n a a a f nd s a a ppe r nce o higher breeding , a re embling a mini ture o f the old t albot . Its height averaged about eighteen inches ; it w as rem ark able for possessing a delightful f d f r n m e lody o voice , an o the leisurely a d methodic m anne r - w its a . a a e in which it pu rs ued g me H re hunting s , wh n

’ In the accoun of uee n E izabe h s hu in es ab ish e no m en t Q l t nt g t l m nt , tion is m ade of the fox hou nd and the first m e nt ion of him of whic h we

d is a e he a e r an on t. rea , r th r within t bov pe iod th be y d i

H 78 NATURAL HI STORY OF T E DOG .

f ld r r . genuine d es cend ants o the O Southe n hound , b ed some rn ast and a re se what lighte r, to suit mode t e, u d exclusively - for dee r hunti ng .

THE OTTER -HOUND

his s has Mr . Jess e , in Anecdote , evidently mistaken this

nd its a s o f f a . do g, a peculi ritie con orm tion The Otte r-hound appe ars to h ave sprung from a c ross be tween the Southern hound and a rough terrie r ; at le ast so

i a ara a s . His a and a s ar oo h s ppe nce indic te he d e r e s m th , and r e s nd the l atter a e very p ndulou while the neck , a the re m ainde r f a re a s and o the body, covered with co r e wiry h ai r . f - is s a s a The color O the Otter hound u u lly ndy red . A s the otter is no longe r hunted with s uch form and ce re f - s r f mony as o Old , the genuine Otter hound a e ast becoming nd r a is s r - lost , a thei pl ce upplied by the rough , wi e h ai red r s a a a Scotch te rrie , e peci lly th t breed c lled Skye terrier . A cross Of the bull -dog is an imp rovement ; and even ordin ary - for bull terriers a re not to be de spi sed , when it comes to the - l r r s a a a a . de ath tusse , the otte equire g me nt gonist Attempts h ave frequently been m ade to breed or ma ke - r a s - a Otter hound s, esembling the ncient mooth he ded , rough s ss f im bodied so rt , but without ucce ; it h aving been ound n s as e r a possible to produce a y but uch w re eithe ll rough , e r- rta s r s o r all s mooth . Ott hunting ce inly require e olute dogs ; but as the purs uit is now only followe d to destroy this n s ar pisc atory m a ra uder, we eed not be o very p ticul ar as to r is r the modus operandi . The otte no longer reg a ded as a a as a f and his s r ai g me , but br nded elon , de t uction h led with

delight .

THE SPANISH POINTER

s is a a - s a n Thi l rge , big boned hound , t nding high o its legs, n with ve ry he avy e a rs, a d a d e ep jowl . The Spanish Pointer is us u ally white , with occ asion ally s ome brown o r re d is r a a f r his s a p atche s . He em rk ble o t nchness , and for the

facility with which he c an be t aught his duty . It appe ars to o f a r and s - admit no doubt th t the pointe , other etting dogs, were origin ally hound s a ccu stomed to tra ce thei r ga me by the nd rushin in se r s cent, a then , g , cure it ; but, p evious to this h wa a a to a s for a s rus , it s n tur l them to p u e econd or so to

collect thei r ene rgies for the spring . Thi s momentary p ause has been , by training, conve rted into a decided step and the NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . 7 9 do s his r s as g has be en t aught to uspend intended u h , it is the v f his s and s f s pri ilege o m a ter, not him el , to fini h the work the is r a s f dog has only begun . Such the he edit ry in tinct o the - e e a a w n t e a highly br d Sp anis h Point r , th t help , o mor th n five an s months old , has been known , when , without y previou a b f r nt tr ining , ro u ght o the first time into the field , to poi

s e a t a . a on s a a t dily a lying g me I he rd e in t nce , indeed , re l ted f f s a nd e r o a whelp o thi ge , a und s uch circum stance s as ] da e s b ckin its m i oi . d cribe , actu ally a g n her p nt This sounds strange ; but the pa rty to whom I am indebted fo r the ane c d is no t a u s s a a o u ote , merely thoro gh port m n , but thor gh

e e a is s s . g ntl m n , whos e word beyond u picion The Sp ani s h Pointe r is app a re ntly a dog of very ancient bu as his a u m o f ish extraction ; t not , n me wo ld i ply, Span — origin at l e ast not re mote l y so ; for the primitiv e breed is

a . e s a e tr ace able to the E st Ind ed om e nci nt Egypti an figure s, s Cailland d s n e se a publi hed by , i ti ctly repr nt dog , beyond in f s a act o f . ld question o thi v riety , the pointing The o a is w e f u e d r a a Sp nis h Pointer , h n per ectly thoro ghbr , em rk ble s s l t nos ar the a pos ess ing a c ef e, Simil to Russi an v a riety, b s e pres ently to e d e crib d . This dog w as found too he a vy for the ardor of Briti sh nd ld a r a r s ports men , a , with the o T lbot , o M ncheste hound , s unk grad u ally into dis u se and has since become su ppl ant a a and e s ed by lighter, more ctive , energ tic dog , better uited f r s to the tas te s o ou e age r countrymen , viz . , the Engli h

Pointer .

THE PORTUGUESE POINTER

‘ Is lighter than the Sp anis h ; thas a fe athered tail ; is un s e nd d ste ady and qu arrel om a by no me ans to be commende .

THE FRENCH POINTER

' ‘ f u r W ants the st anchne ss O o English dog . He is less oh tion bl a a s s bu s j e c a e th n the v riety j u t de cribed , t till not the thing .

THE ITALIAN POINTER .

I-thu s n ame a dw ar f v ariety of pointe r th at I form e rly de ” a s is a fe a v a scribed in the Sports m n . Thi per ct mini ture f - s rie ty o a very highly bre d Englis h pointer, eldom exceeding

'

n f . w e e a s a o os o e oot in h e ight I s a one abo ut tw lve y r g , in p f s f s e n f Es . o ss r ssm O St e w a rt Mente ith , q Clo eburn ,Dum rie hi e , 0 80 NATURA L HISTORY or THE D 6 .

ss f M r . a and anothe r abo ut the s ame time ,in po e ss ion o M ther, an a rtist, resident in Edinburgh . These little dogs had ex i s nd se t a as s a as an e r quis te nose , a would g me t nchly y oth

f s s a for use . pointe r, but we re , o cour e , too m ll field

THE ENGLISH POINTER .

Thi s has evidently been produced by a c ross between the Sp ani sh v a riety and the foxhound and it is to thi s ci rcum re his and stance th at we a to attribute energy fire . The Engli sh Pointe r is rem ark able for his extraordinary and r o f a st anchne ss . Pluto Juno, prope ty the celebr ted for an and a ar e r act Colonel Thornton , stood hour qu t in the f the o f a o pointing , without moving during entire th t time, while they were being drawn and p ainted by the l ate eminent

Mr . . a rtist , Gilpin - is a a and f a A well trained Pointer very v lu ble , will etch r a a s high p ice . D sh, a fine pointer, l o belonging to Colonel

w 1 6 f a nd . Thornton , as sold for £ 0 wo rth o ch amp gne a Bur n f an a and a r gundy , o e hogshe ad o cl aret , eleg nt gun , nothe if an a s a an Pointe r, with the p roviso, th at y ccident hould t y s a the w as r at time di ble dog , he to be eturned to the colonel , ’ the price o f £ 50 ! (Sportsm an s Repos . ) The following anecdote prove s the perfection of training to which Pointe rs m ay be b ro ught by proper discipline . A ’ “ f o f ss s n out s a a riend Mr . Je e we t hooting with gentlem n celebrated for the goodness o f his breed : they took the field f on e all r s with eight of these dogs . I e point d , the e t imme diate l a f a ar w as s all y b cked ste adily . I p tridge hot, they r a nd r w as a d opped to ch rge , a whicheve dog c lled to bring the ” r r bi d , the re st never stirred till they we e told to do so .

(Aneo . Dogs , p . A Pointer h ate s a bad shot my old friend C apt ain B rown a s f a a rel te the ollowing c apit al an e cdote . A gentlem n h ving r f wa f equested the lo an o f a Pointe r dog from a riend , s in orm ed by him th at the dog would beh ave very well so long as he his if ss th could kill bird s ; but he freq u ently mi ed them , e dog a nd e r w as a would run home le ave him . The Point ccording l s and f d w for a n y ent, the ollowing ay as fixed tri l ; but , u f r a hi a r a a o tun tely , s new m aster h appen e d to be em rk bly bad s . af r n w at s s e hot Bird te bird rose a d as fired , but till pur u d its a a s n flight untouched , till at l ast the dog bec me c rele s, a d f sse hi A s if s o ten mi d s game . eemingly willing , however, to a s at f r s give one chance more, he m ade a de d top a e n bu h, NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . 81

his s a f f n with no e pointed downw rd , the ore oot bent , a d the s t ail straight and ste ady . In this po ition he re m ained firm till the w h an d sportsm an as close to him , with both s cocked ; then f a fo r a fe w a s at as s ds moving ste adily orw rd p ce , he l t too till f a a ss a f ne a r a bunch o he ther, the t il expre ing the nxiety o r n t the mind by moving I egula ly backw a rds a d forwa rds . A

as s a a . a a l t . out prung fine Old bl ckcock B ng, b ng, went — both barre l s but the bird esc aped unhurt . The p ati ence of w s e nd a f r the dog as now quite exh au t d , a , in ste d o d opping to a a his a his ch rge , he turned boldly round , pl ced t il between e n and and se t Off as fas as l gs, gave o e howl , long loud, t he i wn could to h s O home . Pointe rs h a ve been known to go out by them selves in se arch Of a nd if ound fOr e r as and g me , a they f , to return th i m ter, , a his and f by ge s ture s , induce him to t ke gun , ollow them to

the spot . The comp arative merits o f Pointer and Sette r h ave been a f m m de the s ubject o con siderable controversy . Much ay s a n s and a f a a fe w rds be id o both ide s, I sh ll mysel h ve wo to sa f r y when I come to tre at o the l atte dog .

* H R D G . T E DALMATIAN, O CARRIAGE O

i r Thi s s a very h and some dog , in every e spect simil ar to

. i n t it e s s a f the pointer It s o , in s pr ent t te , rem ark able or se gac ity or fineness of s c e nt but the se deficiencies m ay h ave a ri se n from the disu se of its n atur al powers through so m any e a s a of a a a a a br gen r tion s . One in t nce D lm ti n h ving been o the fe a s a o e ken to gun , ll , some ye r g , und r my Own observ a and f f i tion , the dog proved him sel worthy o h s training . Co lone l Smith figures a l a rge and showy dog as the s upposed ori ’ in f i u is ke f g al O the D alm ati an . H s fig re t a n rom a print pub lishe d at C adiz a number of ye a rs ago . The origin al had f n a . s is r be e brought rom Indi Thi figure , howeve , ve ry dis a f ou r a a - and r s s far r simil r rom c rri ge dog , e emble mo e the - T a a e s . ige r hound , lre dy d cribed

THE RUSSIAN POINTER .

s do is a s a Rus . Thi g covered with co r e , wiry h ir, like the s i s s a. i an terrie r . He s omewh at le s in st ature th an the ordin His s is c r nd is r s r . l ry pointe , a lowe in the houlde no e eft,

“ 4 This is e Gr ea ane a pe rfectly distinct varie ty from th t D , and by no ans me to be confounded with him . H 82 NATU RAL HI STORY or T E DOG .

is f a - s r hence he requently c lled the double no ed pointe . ' is stanc a d is s s a He very ln n held in de ervedly high e tim tion ; ' a i v n to s a a his is u n ield but I h ve been g e . under t nd th t temper y n r ui s a a and a a ing , a d th at he eq re gre t c re c ution in tr ining . ‘ Vhen a good dog of this breed is well and thoroughly broken e r a a and f s a in , he is con sidered v y v lu ble , etche long price . n a s is a Ru The prevailing opi ion mong s port men , th t the s s a r r s f s r a a x a h i n Pointe requi e re h t aining , to cert in e tent, t t e f s commencement o e ach e ason ; but so, indeed, do most Of his s - a moo th co ted brethren .

THE TERRIERS .

TH E R U S S I A N T E R R I E R .

T r rs are a a a of s f f r HE Ter ie very h rdy r ce dog , ull o cou fa nd s . a age a pirit They will ce ny thing , no m atte r wh at m a s f s and y be the di p arity o ize , will fight with the gre atest vigor and fury . The Ru ssi an Te rrier exceeds his brethren in size and - strength , frequently attaining to the height of twenty six inch e t s r . s a s and s a n is s a the houlde He t nd high tr ight o h legs, and is not altogether unlike the m astiff in general form a but w - is lighte r and more active . T o well s ized dogs are con sid r d fli ie nt to a an a f an e e s u c gr pple with ordin ry wol , d h al f a a r a ar dozen e more th n enough to puzzle a be . The Ru s si an Terrie r is in con side rable reque st in Scotl and as a w atch d — fo r is a og a post which he eminently qu lified , uniting, as f as ff he does, the force o the m ti with the vigil ance of the - r r . i a s a and a r and Ter ie He s l o good willing w te dog , is,on - this account , a v alu able auxili a ry in otter hunting . He would a r f a is f m ake good retrieve but , un ortun tely , o too fierce a l ar nd is r temper, wi l not be the whip , a wh at sportsmen te m h rd-mout d— to a his a he being given injure the g me with teeth . The colo r o f the Ru ssi an Te rrier is u s u ally bl ack and ta n ; but the l argest dogs o f the breed th at I h ave seen were o f a r - r saw s Of s r a o eddish brown colo . I two dog thi colo b ut ten r ne of r -s ye ars ago, in Edinbu gh ,o which measu ed twenty even , and the other twenty -eight inches in height at the shoulde r nd s equ al al so in bulk a bone to some m astiffs . The e are “ a s G r a r are a ara known l o in e m ny, whe e they c lled . bo ” s ar r e che s . d NATURAL HISTORY o r THE DOG . 83

THE SCOTCH TERRIER.

r ne re a re two v arietie s o f the common Scotch Ter ie r . On a a n his s is s a of a e wh ich st nd s r ther high o leg , u u lly s a -r d r nd s a — e s a s a ndy e colo , a very trongly m de h t nd bout e r w s and i a ighteen o t enty inche in height, s commonly c lled ” - k d r e . is r ba the Highl an te ri r The other lowe , long c ed, and s t- a the hor legged h ir more wiry , but not so long as in f nd . s ormer ; mouth also not so broad , a muzzle longer Thi a e a is e a a s l tt r v riety the dog cel br ted by Sir W . Scott the e d a r e an s a e . r a s C P pp r Mu t rd ,or D andi Dinmont breed F nci

te r Es . f a r s , q , the sam e g e ntlem an o whom I h ve al e ady po ke n as s f a f pos essing the deerho u nds , has a p air o be uti ul lit e r — a the s do s a a tle Dinmont t riers bout be t , the g e peci lly , th t a r I h ve eve seen .

THE SKYE TERRIER,

S O c alled from its being found in g re ate st pe rfection in the W s s s of a and s f e tern I le Scotl nd, the I le o Skye in par

tic ula r s e a e s s t he , om wh t r emble preceding , but is even e w on n long r in the body , lo er the legs, a d is cove red with bu t a s a its e a r very long , not co r e h ir rs a e e rect , and tufted at e “ ” the xtremiti e s . All the Scotch terriers are varmint e d r in the xtreme , an a e on thi s account gre at favorites with e f r young gentlem n when home o the holid ays , be ing equ alled b y no other breed o f dog in the ardor with which they hunt a nd s r rat c at a — de t oy the , , we sel in short, eve ry thing that ha s T 84 NATURAL HISTORY or HE DOG .

ht and a h e a e a and fig in it ; , l cking ot r g m , they will gl dly

fie rcely engage in comb at with e ach other .

THE ENGLISH TERRIER ,

nd ra f s a of A light, active , a g ce ul little dog, u u lly a bl ack — — and tan color and those Of this tint are the best but some If a and tan s times white . bl ck , they hould not pre sent a f and if s f speck o white white , they hould be entirely o th at

color . i a as as The English Terrier s, in comb t, g ame the Scotch , but less h ardy in enduring cold o r con st ant immersion in w a r u r ter . It appe a rs most prob able th at the o gh o Scotch w as r s and a s or breed the p imitive tock , th t the mooth Eng

s r f a a r . a li h v ari e ties a e the re s ult o rtifici l cultu e A s m ll , w - a s e s s ell m rked Engli h Terri r, under even pound weight , “ ” if as ood a f f as . will , g s he look s, etch rom five to ten guine ” a r ra s The celebr ted dog Billy , who killed the hund e d t in s w r les th an five minutes, as a white Engli s h Terrie , with a a a s f is d rk p tch on the ide o h he ad .

THE MALTESE .

Thi s is by s ome n atu rali sts cl assed with the sp aniel s but f f i its and in the orm o ts Skull , in erect e ars, rough muzzle , de f s s a a termin ation in the pursuit o vermin , it pre ent ch r c te ristics sufficient to induce me to pl ace it in the pre sent — . is a s ih an group It u su ally bl ck , but sometime white y f ad c ase it s hould be but Of one color . An uncle o mine h ” n “ o e n a med ironic ally Lion , who, a lthough under five f w s pound s weight , killed an enormous rat in a e second , in - s a h. my pre ence , in the Hill street B th s, Edinburg s w i Thi dog as well known to the ancients, s figured on

a a an w a . m ny Rom n monuments, d as de scribed by Str bo His s a his m ll Size , and w a nt of strength in proportion to . a a do cour ge, h ve , however, long reduced this spirited little g to the condition of a mere l apdog and as he has been s upe r de d a s nd ' l s as Oh s e by , perh p , prettie r, a at a l event more e ily ain a s r t ed pets, he has now become almost extinct . L nd ee has no r a , t long since , int oduced one into a splendid p inting, f ” his a . as, The L ast o R ce

THE SO UTH AMERICAN TERRIER

r nd Is something like the p eceding, but le ss h airy, a with a

r i r ar a do. mo e pointed muzzle . It s em k able as be ing keen

86 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

nised a and f its r a o f v riety ; rom ext eme be uty,b th o form ant. ll s a s as color, combined with a uch qu litie terriers should pos s s s e e o f e f i es , developed in the highe t d gr e p r ection , it s richly

s r f u a . f is de e ving o being c ltiv ted In orm , it , as it we re , a r ct s e r e is s a - pe f e Engli h t ri r in color, it blui h Sl te color, m ark and a s and f ed with d ark e r blotche s p tche , O ten with tan i n f about the l e gs and m u zzle . It s o e o the most d e termine d f its a and is su as s s and a o r ce, rp ed by none in the kill ctivity wit s s a nd a s its a and n which it pur ue c tche g me , the resolu a nd a e s tion with which it b ttle s with a d estroys it . I h v een

a f r nd s e s ss ss o f . l tely a be a uti ul p ai a om puppie , in po e ion Mr ’ - k u n VV M r . a f a a d . il Nol n , o B chelor s w al , D blin ; the Rev f has a s fa for cock s , o P almerstown , l o long been mous this Wil clcs w as bree d of dogs ; I beli e ve Mr . co the first to intro e a duce them into thi s country ,but whenc they origin ally C me ,

I know not . f r f t r ri rs s e a a In o mer times ,a brace O e e u d to ccomp ny every ac r o f f s for s a e o f u e a p j oxhound , the k nk nnelling Reyn rd , in f s a a ha the event O his t aking to e arth . Thi ttend nce s long

ssa f x . been discontinued , as be ing no longer nece ry , the o be ing now run into too rapidly to admit of his giving the g all ant terriers this trouble some recent w rife rs do not appe ar aw a re o f s f s s r s thi circum stance, but gra vely urni h u with long ext act

fr s ra . om D aniel , &c . , rel ative to thi s now ob olete p ctice

CHAPTER VIII .

- THE NEWFOUNDLAND GROUP, OR WOLF DO GS .

e s a a a s an I AM compell d thu rbitr rily to g ive , perh p , u nde i n s erved n ame to the present group , but it s the only o e by me an s of which I c an accur ate ly indicate the family o f dogs a f to which I refer . The individu ls o which this group is ar all of a r a r o r ss s a composed , be , them , g e te le re embl nce to r - a — in and a the wolf, in erect o semi erect e rs long sh ggy

nd s a s . f a is f e n co ats, a bu hy t il The New oundl nd dog ully titled to be pl a ced at the head o f the group ; from his being f i r i bette r known th an the others , rom h s gre ate be auty, h s ~ ilit o f na and s s is t m an sagacity, nob y ture di po ition, h u ility to 8 NATURAL HILTORY OF THE DOG . 7

of s a is ki nd , and the high degree e tim tion in which he held in eve ry part o f the world where he is known . Those who h ave grouped th e s e dogs with the Sp aniels, are f a r f in e rror, for they possess none o the ch racte istics o th at group .

THE NEWFOUNDLAND D OG .

The true breed of New foundl and is a dog o f mode rate sta n -six or -s c s tu re , seldom exceedi g twenty twenty even in he in - - height long bodied , bro ad chested , sh aggy coat, pointed ,wolf

ish nd s - r r muzzle , e a rs s m all , a inclined to be emi e ect ; colo s a f nd a n u u lly bl ack , with a sh ade o brown through it , a occ sio a is a of a lly some white . There nother breed dog peculi r to f - nd a r - — n New oundl and ; Short coated , a sh p nosed a excellent w - a for f a ater dog , by some mist ken the true N e w oundl nd bre e d . f s The l arge dogs, u s u ally known as New oundl and in thi

f as ff . count ry, are evidently the res ult o a cross with the m ti r s a a s ss a They a e a fine howy anim al , but less s g ciou , le ctive , and more apt to di spl ay irregul arity of temper th an the origi * nal bre e d ; th e se Ofte n attain the height of thirty inche s .

“ 4 Thes e l arge dogs are rapidly becom ing the pecu lia r bree d of Ne w foundland d im or ted he eas our Ne w , and dogs of this S ort are gl a ly p , w r foundland friends have ne w l ittl e or nothin g but ours to offer in return . TH 88 NATURAL HISTORY OF E DOG .

hi f u In s n at i ve co u ntry , the New o ndl and dog me e ts with ffe a - worse th an indi rent tre tment ; during winter, he is ill fe d, and most severely worked ; his employment con sisting o f a a a s o f — a h s dr wing he vy lo d timber employment o severe , a a s are o ut and s f e a s be th t m ny dog worn , peri h rom xh u tion , f i . s a and c ore winter s over When ummer pproaches , the c f a s a s c upation o the n tive ch nge to fi shing, the poor dogs are f r f s f s . turned adri t , to hi t o them selve f s do is The origin o thi g question able , but I am disposed to trace him to a l arg e E u rope an v a riety, still in u se among the a f r as o f a d f w Norw e gi n s, o the ch e the be r an wol . It is no well known th at the origin al di scovery o f N e wfoundl and is to be a a s w ho f the 1 ttributed to the Norwegi n , , be ore ye ar 00 0, sa f a a a e f nd a iled rom Greenl nd on voy g O discovery , a th t the s ame people discovered North Americ a some time betwe en - h n n e e . L o t e a d s nd . G . . te th el v nth centurie o e g r J our vol .

. s a e tim e I a e s viii At the m , h v no wi h to deny th at this f m e bre e d o dogs ay h ave be n s ince modifi e d , by crossing with n the E sq u im aux a d L abrador v a rietie s . The N e wfoundl and dog has long be en famed fo r his aqu atic s and e f power , m any hum an live s h av , rom time to time , been a e is s te n o f s v d by him . It not long ince the true breed were t a s and e impor ed into P ri , mployed in w atching the b ank s Of the S e ine -e xperienc e d t rainers being d aily employed in e a f the a s ffe f t aching them to dr w , rom w ter, tu d figure s o men and child re n : h and som e k e nnel s h ave been erected for them o n the nd a a a bridges , a they h ve lre dy proved their utility , in saving a n umber o f poor pe ri shing h u m an cre atures from a a e a r a Of this e w t ry de th . I ecollect noble dog bre d , the proper f f f u w as a s ty o Pro e ssor Dunb ar , o Edinb rgh , which ccu tomed t the a a of a to go o u with the young people , in c p city protector, nd f ffe r a a most efficient one he prov e d himsel , s u ring neithe m an his a . s a s w a nor brute to appro ach ch rge Thi dog , l o, s ’ a at his as s a w ccu stomed to apply to the b e ll m ter g te , hen it

a b nd e s a a . h ppened to e s hut , a h de ired dmitt nce The true f u f e as a r e r New o ndl and dog has b e en re quently u s d etriev , and is rem ark able for his fe arle ss m anne r o f penetrating the m a o f f thicke st cover . I sh all close y ccount the New ound ’ f s f s a f l l and , with the ollowing line rom Lord Byron be uti u epitaph on his favorite Bo atsw ain

fe the firm e s frie nd The poor dog ! in l i t , to e c om e fore m os to de fe nd The firs t w l , t ’ Whos e hon est he a rt is still his m aste r s own

abo s fi h s iv es bre athes for him a one . Who l r , g t , l , l 89 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE D OG .

The true breed is about twenty -Six inc he s in height at the shoulde r .

THE LABRADOR DOG .

This is a much l arger anim al th an the p receding , standing is is from twenty eight to thirty inches in height h muzzle

s r r and e r m s ho te more trunc ate d , the upp lip ore pendulou , a e s far r the co t coarse r, and the whole dog pr enting mo e m ark s of gre at strength th an the N e w fo u ndl and . The following a re the me as urements o f a dog o f this “ ’ — “ breed , given in Knight s Weekly Volume Tu ta1 i f s t length , including the t ail , s x e et three inche ; height a \ s u f f 0 the ho lder, two feet s ix inch e s ; l e ngth o he ad rom 0 ci ut f s fe o f s p to point o nose , eleven inche ; circum rence che t , f on a a s a e s a re s three eet e inch . In L br dor, the e l rg dog u ed nd r in drawing sledges loaded with wood, a a e of gre a t ” s ervice to the se ttl e rs . The fine st Specimen of the L abrador dog th at I h ave eve r s is f a a of a een , Rollo, property o L dy Bellew , l dy Sir P trick l of Ba rm h s a is s Be lew, e at , who e b ronetcy the Olde t in Irel and . Rollo st and s above twenty-nine inche s in height at the sho ulde r A s a a fa f a o f him de . t z we h ve given ith ul portr it , scri i l pt on s u nnece ssary .

THE DOG . LABRADOR SPANIEL , OR LESSER LABRADOR

This dog presents an app e a ra nce intermediate between the Y Newfoundl and dog and the L and Sp aniel ; he is gene rally 8* 9 THE 0 NATURAL HISTORY OF DOG . ca lled by the above n ame , but whether or not he is fully en is at as s a titled to it, in my j udgment le t que tion ble . These f r dogs are rem ark able o their diving powers . I saw one n ff w a u some ye ars ago with a o icer, who s q artered at Porto be llo B arrack s , Dublin , which dived repe ate dly to the bottom f a locks fu of a n o the c an l , between the , when ll w ter, a d

&c . . fe tched u p s uch stones , , as were thrown in I s ubjoin ’ f a a f S au nd r w the ollowing necdote , on the uthority o e s s N e s in a e r a ar of a e 2 letter , which p p it ppe ed , d te S ptember 1 , if 6 . an se a s 1 84 I c only ob rve , th t trictly true , it pl aces the s agacity a nd gratitude of this dog in a most inte resting light — TH G THE . PEELER , E DO OF POLICE During the recent in v e stigation rel ative to the m anner in which the policem an i a a s a a and c a me by h s de th t King town , little ctive inqui si f the a a w as se e f to tive dog , o L br dor breed , n rom time time du ring e ach day r u nning in and o ut of the roo m as if he w too k a pe rson al intere st in the inquiry . The dog as ad nd a e e s a s w a mired , a g ntl m an in the police e t bli hment s ’ ’

. w a sked to whom it belonged Oh , said he , don t yo u kno ’ im Z on e e h . e o f we thought every knew P ler, the dog the ’ e a n r polic e . The g ntlem n then proceeded to give the i te r f s a f ogator the hi story o this ingul r dog . It appe a red rom f w a s a o the story , th at a e ye r g poor little Peeler tempted the f f a u . a r a c anine appetite o Mo nt St Bern rd , o New oundl nd do and w as o f s a for a g, in peril being w llowed up by him a nd a o f luncheon , when a policem n interposed , a with blow his a e e e ass a a and ass a . b ton , l v ll d the il nt , re scued the iled ’ From th at time Peeler has united his fortune s with those of the he r f r a police ; w reve they go , he ollows ; whethe p cing ’ e a a a r e h with m sured tre d the tediou s be t , o engaged in the r a e ge tic duty o f a rre sting a disturber of the public pe ce . i f- - He s a s el con stit u ted gener al superintend e nt o f the police , a f nd a f has a his OI) vi siting st tion a te r st ation , a te r he m de s rv tions s hi w . e a in one di trict , wending s ay to the next He is frequently seen to ente r a third cl ass c arri age at the a a e t out at Kingstown R ilw y , g Bl ack Rock , visit the police his r o f térstown station there , continue tou in spection to Boo , e f r f nd on re ach th re in time o the train as be ore , a go to ‘ Dublin to t ake a peep at the metropolitans and h aving ’ f ll is r an a sati sfied himsel th at a ight , return by e rly even in a s a s a s an g tr in to King stown . He ometime s t ke di like to nd a s his a at individu al, a shun s him as anxiou sly as he w g t il h nd f s s a f f a r for m t e appro ach , a ri k bout the eet o nothe who or TH NATURAL HISTORY E DOG . 51

as a r a r he h eg rd . The e is one m an in the force for whom has s a a and a da r he thi ntip thy ; y o two ago, se eing him in ‘ ’ a f a a and a fo r the tr in , he le t the c rri ge , w ited the next , pre f f f n erring A del ay o h al a hour, to such comp any ; and

when the bell rang , with the e agerne ss with which protracted ov IS s r an his a s a ‘ . j ought, he to ccu stomed e t in the third ’ as Hi a f r cl s . s p rti ality o the police is extraordin ary ; whe re s s a m an the ar f a s a e ss s ever he ee in g b O con t ble , he expr e his e as a r n nd pl ure by w lking ne a him , rubbing agai st a da a f a or ncing bout him nor does he orget him in d e th , f he w as at hi ihe f f s post in uneral O D aly, the policem an who w as s a a f w killed in King town . He is ble to recognis e e in

a s bu t a e old f s of his . pl in clothe , they mu st h ve b en riend e f a t on Wherev r he goes , he gets a cru st , a piece o me at , pa ad a i ss a f he a the he , or rub down u pon h s glo y b ck , rom t h nd o f a policem an and he is as well known a mong the body as n m n . f he a s a y a in it We h ave h e ard o t dog o f Mont rgi , ’ ’ s s the e a s and o f the oldier dog , blind b gg r dog , the dog the

s f . a nd f r monk o St Bern rd , a been delighted by stories o thei and s a r r a fidelity g acity , but none a e more inte e sting th n ’ ‘ e f s a Peel r, the dog o the Police , who e he rt , enl a rged with ’

n f ll . gratitude to o e , grow s bounti u l to a

- THE ITALIAN OR PYRENEAN WOLF DOG ,

’ s al a and s s of C alled , al o , the C abri n , hepherd dog the e s s a a -n n or Abruzzo . Th se dog t nd bout twenty i e thirty r f a w inches in h e ight at the shoulder , a e u su ally O hite one r a s o f a ff o r tan l on color , with o two p tche bu co or the no a nd are a f he ad or side s ; the e a rs are t h iry , a h l erect ; u m a s s a ss of f a when pe ndent , yo y u pect cro New oundl nd ; nd is a e a s r the t ail is very bu shy , a c rri d , in curl , clo e ove nd the a s Of the b ack the nose is pointed , a gener l a pect the r s - s o f a a and he ad w olfish . They a e the heep dog the It li n a s s bu t are a r a a s a Sp ni h Shepherd , they r the gu rdi n th n herd f as of r s f s s is s dogs . The chie occ ion thei u e ulne in ummer, n ar e of ss w hen the wolve s are a bund ant o the hill s, but le s s s de v alue in winter , wh e n the hepherd with their flock scend into the pl ain s . a f a -s n had a Doctor B rker, o Cumberl nd treet , Dubli , l tely f- s e how a very fine specimen o f the Pyrene an wol dog , inc , has f as . s ever, un ortun ately , dece ed Thi dog been very

a . You att s str nge ly con founded , by Mr , with the old Iri h “ lf- a 66 u a of a a or wo dog . At p ge , nder the he d the It li n 92 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

r a f- s a s The W f-do is no Pome ani n Wol dog, he y ol g hi s r longer a n ative Of Gre at Britain , bec au se s ervice s a e is s f a s a s of not required there , but he u e ul in v riou p rt the n Of s f a a Of Continent , in the protectio the heep rom the tt cks ” u t is a s a s the wol f. Mr . Y o a t l o incorrect in c lling thi the ” — Pomerani an the true Pomerani an being, as I sh all Show f a . a 4 0 s a o s a ve ry diffe rent nim al At p ge , pe king the Iri h - r Y u a t a a f s do M . o t wol f dog, g in con ound him with the g o at present under con side ration . I sh all h ave t a dve rt to u a t has a a v a more mistake s Mr . Yo t m de rel tive to the do an a m s be cOm e lle d so his rie tie s o f g ; d I orry to p to do , volume being so v alu able for its phys iologic al and pathologi cal detail s . H T E POMERANIAN DOG,

f a r i By some writers con ounded with the l st de sc ibed , s a f a s r i r s m all dog , o u su lly a white color . In tatu e , it s unde s at the s its e a s are tl twenty inche houlder ; r perfec y erect, o f a fox a nd a is not rin d Of like those , the t il f g e like th at the

bu t a ll r und a o f fox . Pyrene a n dog , bu shed o like th t the ” f f - fr i e Thi s is O ten c alled the ox dog , om ts re s mbl ance to th at anim al . e r i a s a ne s a f do so s re Th e s m ll Chi e v riety o g, clo ely b s em ling the Pomerani an , (except in color, being u s u ally a f yellow or bl a ck ,) th t they c annot be di stingui sh e d rom one e an f u r anoth r . I knew O ficer in Edinb rgh , a bout ten o e s a o had hi ss ss o f s twelv ye ar g , who in s po e ion two the e

s f w r a a for his . Chine se dog , one o which as em rk ble com bativ e s f s o f his own power , requently conquering dog treble f size and orce .

THE HARE INDIAN DOG .

rs s b . ar s and f Fi t de cribed y Dr Rich d on , ound by th at emi a n f a nent n atur list o the M ackenzie River . It is o sm ll size , a nd e a t slend rly m de , with bro ad , erect e ars, sh arp a the tips ; the a is e a s e t il p ndent, with light curv upw ard s, ne ar the tip . n Th e se resemble the preceding dog in siz e , a d somewh at in a nd s e a e f appe rance ,a their re mbl nc to the ox is al so con sider

o s s as oo Thes e a re the d g u e d f d by the n atives. There are regul ar ’ o -butche rs in m os of the Chines e o ns a nd do s fl sh s i c g t t w , g e , e pe c a lly roas e d is he d in hi h es e em . It is not on since ha not on w as t . l g t l g , t t ly ” oas ed do re ard d as the e uin ess e nce of ood i in but ha r t g g e v ry q t g l v g, t t , ” ik e i e u e am on us its om ised a e ar an e at t e boa l l v ly t rtl g , pr pp c h rd was re ou ced as n a ac o to the in i ed es gul ar ly ann n a ttr ti n v t gu ts.

94 T NATURAL HISTORY OF HE DOG .

f r h r a a o t e sledge . They a e gener lly b dly u sed by their uh f e nd a a s s of and a eeling m as t rs, a ppe r con ciou it, nxiou s for n a fr s n s ve ge nce, not un equently purpo ely overtur ing the ledge .

H T E ICELAND DOG .

o f Kam t atk n About the size the sch a , but co ated and col r d a c i a . e like the E squim ux . It s s id by Colonel H Smith to a to a the r e a s and s u h ve been brought Icel nd by No w gi n , he p s s it a r a a f Skr lin s po e to h ve been o igin lly obt ined rom the e g , r s o E quim aux , by the adventurers who first visited Green l and.

HE T GREEN LAND DOG .

s is a a f r . Its . Thi v riety o th e E squim aux , but is sm alle col

r r nd . o s a e u su ally gray a white It is ve ry h ardy, and endu n f - ring, a d five o the se dogs will draw a he avily l aden sledge, r at a apid r ate . THE LAPLAND DOG

“ v l. . Is thus des cribed by Cl arke , ( Sc andin avi a, o i p age 4 3 2 We had a v alu able comp anion in a dog belonging to

f . w as f a a r one O the bo atmen It o the true L pl nd b eed , and f a w in all re spects simil a r to a wol , excepting the t il , which as f nd s o a a a . bushy a curled , like tho e the Pomer ni n r ce This a f a if his as r a his dog , swimming ter the bo t , m te merely w ved s a as f as as a r h and , would cros the l ke o ten he ple ed , c r ying h al f his body and the whole o f his he ad and t ail out of the a s all rass w ater . Wherever he l nded , he coured the long g f a o f f and a a by the side o the l ake , in se rch wild owl , c me b ck his a and to u s, bringing wild duck s in mouth to the bo t , then , his r his m as r s an h aving delivered p ey to te , he would in t tly ” set off ag ain in se arch of more .

’

R . THE SHEPHE RD S DOG , O COLLEY

’ The genuine origin al Shepherd s dog is now ne arly alto " a a gethe r confined to Scotl nd ,where he is c lled the Colley . He stands about twenty-one inches in height at the shoulder is ve ry gracefully sh aped muzzle pointed e ars h alf erect

’ nd a nd a f n a r coat long, but fine a s ilky t il a h m s ri ged with h i , n r colo r u su ally bl ack and ta , o s andy yellow . This anim al is rem ark able for his sag acity ; and his dispo a s and ar sitiou to tend sheep appe r to be inherent heredit y . r Che l ate l amented Hogg,bette r kno wn as the Ettrick Shep 5 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

he r r a e Sirrah f o d, had a dog of this b eed , n m d , to whom , r m hi r n a s s s d s ext aordin ary intelligence, o e would lmo t be di po e

to allow the possession of re ason . Mr . Hogg has immortal ize d his fa vorite ; and perh aps the following anecdote m ay not p rove unintere sting to the re ader of a One night, a l arge flock l mbs th at were under the ’ t s e s a sh e pherd s ch arge , startled a om thing, c mpered aw ay in ' difie re n s a s s s s hi ff three t direction cro the hill , de pite s e orts to ” “ ’ . a sa th s keep them together Sirr h , id e hepherd , they re ” a w a l It was too d ark fo r dog and m aste r to se e e ach other at any ” a bu t a s and ff f dist nce ap art ; Sirr h under tood him , set O a d i f s . ass on an n ter the ugitive The night p ed , Hogg a d h s

‘ assistant trave rse d every neighboring hill in a nxiou s but fruit ss s a f d le e arch , but could he r nothing o either l ambs or og ; and he w as returning to his m aste r with the doleful inte lli

e his a s . ou r w a h w g nce th at ch rge were lo t On y home , o ” s f ever, s ays he , we di covered a lot o l ambs at the bottom ’ o f a a a s nd inde fati deep r vine , c lled the Fle h Cleuch , a the a a f of g ble Sirrah st nding in ront them , looking round for some

“ ” r f r i elie , but still t ue to h s ch arge .

’ THE SHEPHERD S D OG OF ENGLAND

Is ar and s r r a and a l ger t onge th n the preceding , h s m uch of the a a a o f a r ss t r a a r-( m ppe r nce c o wi h the g e t rough w te g . ’ 96 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

is ar r n d and s s of i It co se i the muzzle an in coat , i de titute ta l. sa is f a ts r n r In gacity , however, I believe it ully equ l to i mo e o m a ther rel tive .

’ THE SHEPHERD S DOG OF FRANCE .

f r Thi s dog is not to be con ounded with the MATIN . He e s e f s e nd - embl s, in o rm , iz , a di sposition , the common sheep dog o f a and k a a a r Engl nd , , li e th t nim l , u su ally possesses little o no

a . W a h f t il Mr . hyte B ker as avored me with the following s o f do f intere ting notice this g In France , where , rom the a s f f a re n of a b ence o e nces , the dogs pl aced i c are the v riou s s i u a for s a a t of n m as flock ,it s u s l the e nim l s, a the bidding the a n e r a f ter, to keep r ngi g round th i ch rge , rom flock to flock ,till w f n a ff a a . as a d he c lls th e m O g in In one c ase this orgotten , the faithful anim al continu e d his round s till he died of the fa — tigue a p arallel c ase a mong anim al s to the celebrated one ’ a a f a ra s son mong the hum n kind , o the French dmi l in the ‘ ’ — s t a f of M rs . hip Orient , a the B ttle o the Nile the theme ’ f ’ s a bianc a . Hem an be uti ul song , J asa

’ THE DROVER s DOG

nd s a s f Is l arger th an the colley , a seem to h ve prung rom a ’ e is a s a s as s cross with the lurcher . H s gaciou the hepherd s a nd nd dog , but more cour geous ; a will pin a pull down a bul

if hi a . lock in a moment , direct e d to do so by s m ster

THE CUR-DOG

i n r d . a a d a an Is the colley mongrelize He s bully a cow d , d f r af r s o f a rs is very ond of unning te the heel ho e ; but , with is fa s is s a - s and is on a all h ult , the be t w tch dog in exi tence , , th t t a r of s a ccount ,v alu abl e o the poor cott ge , who e humble dwell r r a ing he is eve a faithful gu a di n .

CHAPTER IX .

THE SPANIELS .

r r i n f THE be autifu l l ace at which we a e now ar ived , s o e o especial celebrity ; and is peculiarly endeared to us from the NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . 97 nany intellectu al and moral qu alities by which it is ch aracter ’ f a and aff . A s s ize d, and rom its sag city ection the hephe rd s dog is the faithful friend of those in the humble r w alks Of ’ f s i fs and a — li e , so a re the Sp aniel to ch e l dies bright to the nc and s r and gentler se x ,par ex celle e, to tho e high in hono in ” a s of a s o f s s are pl ace . Ex mple the good qu litie the e dog ’ A s s s d everywh e re notorious . the hepherd o represents the ” ’g m a s r r s . f util e , so y the e ep e ent the dulce The ormer, the rough and honest comr ade o f the rough and honest as — r ass a f r nd pe ant the l atte , the oci te o luxuriou s cou tiers, a f f s o power ul princes ; but till , though moving amidst tin sel nd f r s s nd a al sehood , neve lo ing the primitive hone ty a purity d o f intention which ch aracterizes its isposition . f s a s ub- a s a s m Sp aniel s are o ever l v rietie , mong t which I ay e numerate

- H R . T E SETTER , O LAND SPANIEL w Thi s Spaniel as first b roken in to set p artridges,and othe r n ass s a n fe athered g ame , as a i t nt to the et, by Dudley , Duke “ f a . . 1 3 5 nd M r . a r o Northumberl nd , A D 3 ; a D niel , in Ru al ” s f a 1 685 a Sports, give a copy o document , d ated , in which s f f r a S a e yeom an bind s him el , o ten shillings, to te ch a p ni l to nd s et p artridge s and phe asants . Th at the Setter a the old -s n f r b origin al L and p aniel are identic al , there c a , there o e , e no doubt .

There are s eve ral v arieties of Sette r . The ordin ary old r a r a a a and s English Sette , with r the squ re he d he avy chop , looking as if he had a d ash o f Sp anish pointe r in him ; color r a r r n us u ally live r and white . The Iri sh Sette , n r owe i the

a s a of a or r . he d , finer in the muzzle , u u lly dun yellow colo This is a dog in ve ry high estee m ; no trace of the pointer is r s s e e n in him . These a e the genuine , unmixed de cend ants f a a -s a a nd so a are o the origin l L nd p niel highly v lued they , th at a hundred guine as is by no me an s an unus u al price for a s f s s n s ingle dog . A very uperior breed o the e dog , belo ging f a to Sir John Blunden , B art . , o C stle Blunden , in the County nd r r s Kilkenny , is described a figu ed in a wo k publi hed some

a o s L . r w as a s a ra time g , by Jenning , ondon The e l o celeb ted f s s— now — a breed o the e dog , I believe , extinct kept by th t ’ ' d r s fa n rs of Ofial : s a ncient an noble I i h mily , the O Co o y tho e ’ belonging to the l ate M aurice O Conor we re highly renowned , a and the bre ed is described by his gr andson as yet rem ining . The Scotch Sette r st and s high on his legs is u su ally bl ack and tan in color ; has the ape x o f the skull very p rominent 9 98 NATURAL HIs TOR Y OF THE DOG . the h air long and s ilky ; the t ail well fringed and fan-line a f i and is altogether a v e ry be uti ul dog . He s somewhat r and of f e f s s - n qu arrels ome, howeve , a org t ul di po ition wh e ce a a s he is not only h ard to bre k , but, in gener l , require 3 r o f ss at of a s as n . epetition the le on the commencement e ch e o . i a The bl ack Setter s s c arce dog very be a utiful and v e rj g s aw a a s r ra stanch . I l tely upe b b ce in Dublin , the property

a . of Mr . M ziere i s s r s f r The Setter s by ome po t men pre er ed to the pointer, ’ a r is o at as a a and whe re w te to be g t occ ion lly , during d ay s f c an o his s . s hooting , there be no doubt uperiority He c ann ot, so as r n a however, work without a drink long the pointe c a , i f an a a s f s an though i he c obt in u ficient upply , he c work still

. d r is longe r th an th at dog In isposition , the Sette more affec n nd a a his as tio ate a more tt ched to m ter, individu ally, th an the u s a a pointer is . He req ire more tr ining th n the l atte r dog ; but th at training must be of a v e ry mild and gentle de scrip blink d - tion , le st the dog be e or s pirit b roken .

THE W - ATER SPANIEL . I a r-s a is s r and a ly The genuine W te p niel t ongly comp ct . formed ; the nos e fine ; the forehe ad high ; apex of the bean

s a f or - of a r ve ry prominent , and furni hed with tu t top knot h i ; l fr or r c at “ l“ ears ve ry long, and dee p y inged ; col b own ; o f J RATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . 99

al r s s s ta z ot n ed l ove the body , in clo e ,cri p curl the l n f ri ged,

but covered with close curl s to the point . The s m a llest speck o f white m ay be reg a rded as indic ative of foul

breeding . k W - aw r i There is also a blac ater sp aniel . I s s eve al n

no s . Edinburgh, but I do t find them common anywhere el e e an Y u att a s e s s a ie s Som ( d Mr . o mong t oth r ) de cribe two v riet o f a — a and s a fa is a W ter sp anie l a l rge a m ll ; but the ct , th t — we might describe two dozen v a rieties the v ari ation s depend s s f r f n ing on size and color only , the re ult o whims o ancies o a f s ss the p rt o bre e ders, who, re orting to cro e s, h ave produced s o a ra s f and a m ny ab e r tion rom the pure origin l breed , which is th at I h a ve j ust d e s cribed . The a - e i m W ter sp anie l , how ver , s uch improved in be auty d a r f f by intermixtu re with the lan v iety . A em ale o this kind “ ” a u a e i s s f n m e d D ck , which we h ve figur d , s in po se sion o - nd - Mr . M a cneil , the well known a ju stly esteeme d mu sical s a -s e and is one of in trument m ker , C a pel tre t, (Dublin ,) the a u most b e ti fu l and affection ate cre ature s I h ave ever seen . “ ” M acneil reflects cre dit on Irish m anu facture ; but I pre s u me th at he and his e st ablishment a re too well known to re fu a fe a r a quire rther eulogy . M ny pre r medium , o even sm ll V s V ate r-s a e a nd fe ss a am o f s as ized p ni l , I con th t I thi number, !

b an . conceiv e th e m etter s uited to work , d more active as re

trie v e rs . n e a n s a Some , o the oth r h nd , co ceive th at m ll size is incomp atible with strength ; these accordingly t ake p ains nd s a r s to breed l arge dogs , a ome h ve even esorted to a cro s f ff s a r with the New oundl and to e ect thi object ; c oss is, how a — all a is s a se ever, unnecess ry th t requi ite being c re in the

‘ f s as a e a and s a r. lection o s uch whelp r to be re red , j udiciou p i f f ass m a s of ing . In proo o this ertion , I y mention the dog f f rth . o Ju stin M aca y, Esq , o Dublin , the highe st poss ible ' n at he s a e f r r m astifls s and blood , a d t me time littl in e io to in ize

‘ s a -s a is s and trength . The W ter p niel , I think , the mo t docile ffe of a i a and s do a s as a ction ate the c n ne r ce , the be t g th t uch c an re quire him as a companion could possibly keep . He be — f trained to do any thing but s pe ak an accomplishment itsel , w a ss ss s ars a o indeed , th at as , to limited extent , po e ed ome ye g

a 1 7 68. by a sp aniel In Germ any , (Leibnitz , Oper , - f a The W ater sp aniel i s o con side rable antiquity, h ving n a been known to the Rom ans, as we find him figured o m ny a id n i f . a s s e t o their monuments . Colonel H Smith reg rd it ” l r N e m esian . ca with the C ani s Tuscus, p aised by Some years ag J this dog was in g re at repute E Dublin 1 00 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

s a - w ‘ In tho e d ys, duck hunting as a fav orite amu sement ; i “ ” s r u ed to be p actised in the brackish c an al , ne a r the north - wa ll, and the brown W ater sp aniel w as found s upe rior to all o r s at t s s t fur w as s t- nd the dog hi por ; ther, he qf mouthed , a not s e a did inj ure the duck when he ucce ded in c pturing her, s f con equently, the s a me un ortun ate bird an swere d for a s ‘ econd hunt . Among m any othe r imp rovements th at h ave a a e m a ch r ct rized the pre sent generation , I y Ob serve th at thi s a s is no inhum n port longer permitted .

THE COOKER

Is a a a e a a -s a In ppe r nc diminutive l nd p niel , but with a s e e a a nd r hort r muzzle , a more rounded h d , longer c a s . He is a s n f a lively , mu ing little dog , a d a gre at avorite with the u o f k r fair se x . The se the Coo e is to spring woodcock s and phe asants in copses and thickets which l a rger dogs c annot ente r .

THE SPRIN GER f Is the same with the cocke r, but o somewh at l arger size i f . is ss h and he avie r orm He le lively in s movements, takes nd n s r m atters more coolly, a c a , con equently, bette st and a ’ h ard d ay s work .

THE BLENHEIM SPANIEL

a s f s w as f Blenheim C astle ,ne r Wood tock ,Ox ord hire , ormerly d s a f f an o . the re sidence o King Ethelred , ince th t , Henry II , as al so the birthpl ace of several prince s o f the royal line o f so f Engl and ; s ubsequently the pri n o Queen Eliz abeth , ’ during a portion of Queen M ary s reign ; and w as a fter u f w ards granted by Queen Anne to John D ke o M arlboro u gh , fo r obtaining illu strious victories ove r the French and Ba b a of S u a ia . . 1 7 04 v a ri an s, at the vill ge Blenheim , in , A D . has s for as In this s uperb m an sion been pre erved , the l t f s a and s a or com centu ry and a h al , the m ll red white p niel “ ” ’ r o f B ufion— a o f forter, the Py ame the Blenheim Sp niel the present day .

THE KING CHARLES SPANIEL — Is distinguished by the shortness Of his muzzle the round — and bulletJ ike sh ape of his he ad the prominence o f his — nd is be eye the length o f his ears, a h color, which m ust

T DOG 1 02 NATURAL HISTORY OF HE .

of these be autiful little c re atu re s . His Roy al Highness has, r e f r at no sparing outl ay, e ected a superb kenn l o them at r Windso . 0 The members of these Spaniel Clubs s ubscribe a s mall nd a a a s sum e ach , a with the mount contributed h nd ome c ol is r as a lar o f s ilver, with gold entabl ature , pu ch ed p articul a r d i a and e s are a a ay s then n med , j udg ppointed , when e ch r - d f hi r a membe brings to the club room a og o s own e ring , and th at dog adj udged to possess the gre ate st numbe r of

s a s r . a f good point , att in the coll a as a prize Mr . Nol n , o ’ s- a k l has o f s r nd B achelor w l , in Dub in , one the e coll a s, a ” i - s Of a a r i h s prize dog Blou e , which we h ve given figu e , s admitted by all j u dge s to be far s uperior to any thing o f the kind th at has ev e r been seen in any p art of the B ritish do

r . a as f s minions, o el sewhere Mr . Nol n h re u ed most ex r r inar ff s f r t ao d y o er o this dog, which he keep s as a s ire . r hi f No price will tempt him to p a t with s avorite, whom , we ve r f a a as r ho , I eel convinced , he will h ve gre t ple u e in s howing to any admi re r of the breed th at m ay c all upon him . King Ch arl e s and Blenheim Sp aniel s h ave been known in London to fetch the price o f from 1 50 to 200 guine as ! I h a ve al re ady det ailed the points on which excellence de pend s . The keeper o f a g aming hou se in Dublin had l ately a little bl ack and tan Sp aniel o f thi s breed for which he re fu sed the s u m of eighty guine as within a fortnight from is f s a a w as ru n a a r a and h re u al , the nim l over by c ri ge, killed upon the spot . Both the Blenheim and King Ch arles breed s are re m arka bly affection ate to thei r owners ; they are likewi se ve ry

f nd s s e s a a s . w atch ul , a in other re pect extrem ly g ciou I recollect re ading an account Of one which saved his Sleeping ’ m as s f his and s a a ter li e , by biting finger, thu w kening him in time to perceive th at a stone summer temple in which he d r a w as nd f u ha been e ding, tottering , a about to all pon him a d i a c tching the little og in h s a rm s, he ru shed h stily into the air h d a a te m le open , which he a no sooner re ched , th n the p r w as a m ass o f uins . Both the se dogs h ave al so been found perfectly fit for r nd as a e r se vice in the field , a if the pets were occ ion lly p m i te d a t to do duty there , the race would be gre tly improved n a nd n r a a e . i he lth a be auty, a d conside ably enh n ced in v lu NATURAL HISTORY or THE DOG . 1 0

- THE VVATER DOG .

THE G REAT ROUG H WATERzDOG .

his i o f s e F s a dog con ider able Si ze , b ing about the height ’ 0 a u e but f Hi sto t se tt r, much more pow e r ully built . s coat is long and curled the he ad is l a rg e and round ; the frontal s s s a a s nd f n w inu e mple ; e r long , a well ur i s hed ith h air ; s a a a nd leg r ther short ; color us u lly brown white , or bl ack and white ; he possesses g re at courage and s ag a city ; he is an e a e -do nd a e the u f exc llent w t r g, a well ad pt d to d ties o a w n retriever ; he , ho eve r , re q u ire s con s iderable tra ini g to in be nd f his a as he is a t duce him to te er o g me , p to drive in hi s e nd u i . t e th , a con seq ently m angle h s bird This dog is not to be con fo u nded with the poodle of either a i a and a Fr nce o r Germ any he s a more origin l , very dif f r e e nt dog . a n a f s a I recollect si gul rly l arge dog o thi breed , bout ten e f a s a o ss ss Of . e s o . a y r g , in po e ion Mr Gri r on , N H nove r s e a fo of the u d w tre t, Edinburgh , ne r the ot Mo n , which as poss essed o f un u su al intelligence . Among other ecce ntrici s do f e the fe ss of e a an tie , thi s g ollow d pro ion m ndic ncy , d re u f a s s -b r g l a rly solicited the ch a rity o the p s e r y . On e c eivin a a f hi a w as if g h l penny, s h bit , hungry , to proceed at e s f s at e o f s -s onc to the hop o Mr . Nel on , the corn r Ro e treet, and purch as e a biscuit ; but it som e times h appened th at he i a f a s of a e e e put by h s h l p e nc e until the c ll pp tit r turned , i s ake when he wo u ld go to h s repo itory , t the money to the ’

k s va o f . r a and a e hi u s e . b ker s, m s p rch a A er nt Mr Grie ’ son s accident ally c am e upon this s ag acio u s and provident ’ a - n as e f nim al s ho a rding pl ac e on o e occ ion , where w re ound - The a a bout fiv e pence h al fpenn y in h al fpenc e . dog ch nced ' to e n r a e and a o f te t the mom nt of the discovery , with growl and s a hi di sple as ure he r ushed to the spot , n tching up s t fu e s h and as e we alth , proc e ed e d a ll spe d to the op , d h d the n a k at the s a e money o the counter, b r ing vehemently m e n f a at e tim , prob ably dee mi g it s a er to turn it into bre d onc , s w as s ffe th an risk being robb e d by ke e ping it . Thi dog tu d

f N at . s r . at his a and is s . M u s . o de th , pre erved in the Ed Hi to y

THE POODLE . . The Poodle re semble s the gre at w ate r-dog in general ap e ran e m a as distin ishe d f p a c , but y be very e ily g l rom him by 1 04 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

the ci rcumsta nce of his being fu rni shed with wool ins te ad of a - is n hair . The Poodle is an excellent w ter dog , but ot so f a h ardy, and con se quently not c ap able o rem ining in the is r wate r so long as the p receding v a ri ety , he , howeve , m r and far r o e active , more eas ily t rained, more tende

. M r . ss i i a s s a mouthed Je e , n h s Gle ning , mention Poodle a fr f i f r r w as f belonging to iend o h s, o whom cor ection ound s : !the a nece sary , he being sometimes rathe r unruly gentlem n bought a whip , with which he corrected him once or twice ut f n when o w alking , on his retu rn he le t the whip o the

a nd w ss . a h ll t able , a in the morning it as mi ing H ving been f - nd a f ound conce aled in an out building, a , s be ore , u sed as e i n rr w as when occ ion r quired , co ecting the dog , it once r ss n d who w as s s of a mo e mi ed but o the og, u pected h ving s w a fr tolen it, being w atched , he as seen to t ke it om the h all a t ble , in order to hide it as before . a a s f In most mu ing p aper, entitled Sketche s o Burschen f ” Li e , published in th at excellent pe riodic al , THE DUBLIN V Z f r 1 84 6 is f UNI ERSITY MAGA INE , o July, , the ollowing l augh able a necdote of a Poodle and a short-sighted Pro fe ssor

r w r The e as a story , when we we e in Heidelberg, going a bout Of a certain student who had a rem ark ably fine white Poodle the intelligence and sagacity o f the anim al we re u n nd common , a as he u sed d aily to a ccomp any his m aster to r f f r w as r r the lectu re oom o a pro esso , who not very em a k for s ss f i s r a ble the di tinctne o h s vi ion , he would egul arly a his s a s his as and r i t ke e t upon the bench be ide m ter, pee nto i b s if r f h s ook , a he unde stood every word o it . -r r n One wet morning, the lecture oom , neve , at a y time , r ar a f r i f s w s a s em k ble o ts ulne s, as de erted , s ve by the tudent r had s who owned the Poodle . The dog, howeve , omehow a r a a h ppened to em in t home . ’ - f s r as . Gentlemen , said the short sighted pro e s o , he com m n e d hi ‘ e c s lecture , I am sorry to notice , th at the very attentive student in the white co at, Whose industry I h ave fa to s r is his s a s a not iled Ob e ve , , contrary to u u l cu tom , bsent ’ da l to y .

THE LITTLE BARBET

Is a a s rai h diminutive poodle, the he d bein :g covered with t g t — and silky h ai r the rest of the body h aving a cu rly and

woolly coat .

1 06 THE DOG NATURAL HISTORY OF .

sent and this rende rs it still more singul ar th at the dog and its de scription should be so mispl aced as at the he ad of the

grey hound group .

e is sa r In disposition , the Thib t dog id to be very fie ce , bu m uch att ached to his m aste r . They were origin ally noticed “ s as as a a by M arco Polo , who de cribed them being l rge s ” a b s s s a . asse s, a de s cription contr dicted y ome ub equent tr vel a au se f lers, but since amply confirmed . The prob ble c o these b a ff discrep ant accounts is, th at the Thi et m sti degenerate s a and s f rapidly if re moved to a milde r clim te , everal in e rior, ff r s f though simil ar b reed s, exist in di e ent portion o the Him al ay a ch ain o f mount ain s . The m astiff o f Thibet is well figured in th at intere sting nd f Z a work , Ga rden s a Men agerie o the oologic l Colonel Smith most j ustly refe rs to this dog as the typic al — a rc anus s of old a m astiff the C nis U de cribed by Oppi n .

THE DOG OF ST. BERNARD, OR ALPINE MASTIFF .

SO m any conflicting accounts Of this dog h ave appe ar ed fr i to r ra om time to time, th at it s impossible t ust to the accu c Of an of r y y them ; acco dingly , I h ave rejected all, and tur a u r f— s r ned to n t e itsel to the existing dog , and the ve bal 07 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . 1 ac counts of such faithworthy pe rson s as h ave actu ally seen them .

It is not every one whose de scription of a dog would h ave w s a f a — ih s eight with me . He mu t be lover o the r ce hort, ’ -fa — s a ihts and a dog ncier to under t nd the anim al s po , hence

. a give a correct description . By some write rs , the St Bern rd i as a a s ani f a and dog s de scribe d l rge p el with so t , curly co t ,

n f e e a s . s e e ld f e a a as lo g , ring d r My e t em d o ri nd , C pt in Thom ” B his e a u s f s a a l rown , in v ry m ing Anecdot e s o Dog , ctu l y v of s r e s a o gi e s a figure thi dog , epr enting him as a l rge co ker ! ’ d . at all Mr Je sse does not d e scribe the dog s a pp e a rance , an it would not be e as y to m ake out wh at the fig u re is intended to s e e a r s e e s ani repre ent , wh ther , inde d , dog , o om nond cript

m . a a a l Mr . M rtin pl ce s him with the New foundl and and

a a a s and a a is fa r as ra . C l bri n dog , , to cert in extent , he not t y - . N at . . and s a a r Colonel H Smith , ( Lib ) who e v lu ble wo k s o fu r i d ar . eems t h ave n She Mr . M tin wit h more th an the ground — f i . work o h s cl ass es the St . Be rn a rd dog al so with the wol f do he at s a u s a r g group but , the me time , in form s , th t mo e than one d e s cription of dog is trained by the monks of the

r a . a fo r s and a a os s G e t St Bern rd , their piou ch rit ble purp e . s r b - nd One o t he descri e s as being long co ated , a resembling e f a nd n s r - the N w oundl nd , a the other as bei g ho t coated, and r es the r a a and a ir . embling G e t D ne in color , h ' ‘ The anim l ' fi ure d b Colone l Sm ith o e i to a g y, d g b long ng 8 H 1 0 NATURAL HISTORY OF T E DOG .

Sir as a e and s a e a a to Thom Dick L ud r , t t d by th t gentlem n

f a . e a ir h ave been brought direct rom the Gre t St B rn rd , by S f — s a s his a Henry D alrymple , o North Berwick di pl y in p r ar f pe a anoe all the ch aracteri stics we might expect to ise ron . - mas ff f a. cross between the short co ated , mighty ti o the Alps and the slighte r and m o re h airy w olfldog of the Py renee s and s uch I believe to h a ve been the cross whence th at fine anim al sprang . a as a a r a at s a a s I h ve , I h ve l e ady st ted , been con ider ble p in to discove r the true ch aracte r and history of thi s noble breed o f dogs ; and the re s ult o f my inquirie s tend s to show th at r a r s s w as a a and the dog o igin lly t ained to thi ervice , l rge e f f - - f pow r ul m asti f, short coated , deep jowled , o a yellow color ’ w h a Am i as r 1 829. wit long , fine t ail . L , who b ought, in fr rn w f om the convent on the Gre at St . Be ard , as o this de w d s . an cription He as exhibited , in both London Liverpool, to a a t a of one s ad m ny thou s nd people , a the ch rge hilling w f w ~ m s . f r a h s I as a . o o i ion vo ed by Mr Cl rke Holborn , lith ’ ’ o ra h d m i nd is f n ar fan g p e I . A s portrait, a who himsel a dent r o f nd f a ar f a cie dogs, a o this breed in p rticul , with a ull o f O r f . r a a f count the t ue dogs o St Be n rd , Obt ined by him rom the e r a ars a a s v y best a uthorities . A good m ny ye go pe tilence a its a a r f nd m de ppe ance amongst the dogs o the convent, a all r s r s r s we e de t oyed save one single pecimen . Unde the e r s a n s h s ha n a a r ss ci cum t ce , t e monk d o ltern tive but to c o the r f do b eed , which they did with the Sp anish or Pyre ne an wol g — the most likely cross to which they cou ld h ave resorted ; a r s hence o e the r ace of dogs ordin arily known as St . Ber ’ w IIa rd s . Some o f the t rue ra ce h ave been no re sto red but a re s nd a r no ss ss u e they very carce , a e t to be po e ed nd r enor s r f n had fr at a ll mou p ices in act, ot to be om the convent

M I . Cl arke b e ing acqu ainted with a noblem an who Offe re d one

as f r r f s s s . hundred guine o a b ace o puppie , without ucce s H s a r m ri s s s s d ence the mi t kes a rising f o spu ou dog , uppo e to be origin al , me re ly bec ause they c a me from the mount ain . You at s a r f he s M r . t give very excell e nt figu e o t pre ent mos t

a f . common r ce o St Bern ard dogs ; but, notwithst anding the figu re he gives, pe rsists in n aming it a sp aniel . Perh aps the fine st o f this b reed in existence is the dog re c e ntly kept at S W n r s w as Chat OIth . I know ot whethe it be till living It d f f r a k a og o am azing statu re , o a yellow colo , with bl ac

l . r n as as e r s muzz e The e 1 3 al so o e at Elv ton C tle , In D by hire w i ft n r h r a as . fo n c Lord H a rington g ve fi y gui e In Dublin ,

s c s s De m . The v re ro d bv a .ne e og u ed to com on we int duce

1 1 0 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF DOG .

“ and is commonly known on the Continent as the Sp anish ” - bull dog . The dogs procured from Sp ain and Portugal will be found to an swe r my pres ent de scription more fully th an s uch as we m ay now procure from Cub a ; the l atter breed a in a s a s h ving , m ny in t nce , undergone much a lteration and

d ss . eterioration by cro ing with the Cuban bloodhound . J Ayl ’

. of 5 a s a has s of mer, Esq , , B chelor W lk , Dublin , the fine t h a s a i f e t e breed , perh p , in Brit in . He s r quently importing new and perfect specimen s from C adiz for doing which he fa osse sse s a s . s s D peculi r cilitie Colonel H . Smith conceive thi ra ce to h a ve been identic al with the b road -mo uthed dogs for

' which Britain w as cel e brated during the Rom an e ra ; and ‘ a f r certainly ,as this race nswers to ancient description a bett e r a - m f Ih n ou r common bull dog , I a di sposed ully to concur with him . a aw f Some ye ars go, I s a rem a rk ably fine s pecimen o this a e f since breed , t the Portob llo G ard e n s, which ell into the

f D r . Gil e o us f r w as a s a e s o o a a . poss s ion g , Demer There l o e s Z a good specimen r cently pre ented to ou r oologic l Society , r s is by Sir George P e ton , which , I believe , still in the Soci ’ ety s garden s .

- THE BULL DOG .

r s - is a a s one o f The B iti h Bull dog , when good dog , perh p m the most cou rageou s anim al s in exi stence . I a obliged to f f a f qu ali y my meed o prais e , however, as I h ve mysel seen ulLd S e f r f a a s e B og , not mer ly o ve y doubt ul cour ge , but b olut ly cowa rds . I attribute thi s moral degene racy to the practice “ ” f r nd — a a a o too close , o in a in breeding pr ctice cert in to s a or prej udice the ment al qu alific ation , even though extern l phys ic al con form atio n remain app arently the s a me . ‘ The Bull -dog need s little de scription : he u s u ally st and s — f a i the twe nty inches in height i sm ller, he s so much more — highly e steemed his he ad is l arge and round ; his eye s s m all and far ap art ; e ars sm all and p artly e rect ; muzzle r d s r aw r short , t unc ated , an turned upw ard unde j p ojecting r r beyond the uppe r, displ aying the lower inciso teeth ; colo i f r a u su ally brindled , but white s the ancy colo ; p rty col ‘ r h a nd &c . a is ors, as bl ack a white , , e to be condemned t il

m ust be fine as a ru sh . The Bull -dog is rem ark a ble for the Obstin a cy with which k s f s — and no eeps his hold , s uffe ring him el to be di membered

th ra e of h a na. the me rciless expe riment has, to e disg c um n TH NATURAL HISTORY OF E DOG . 1 1 1

t r r a — ra r a u e , been t ied more th n once the th n quit it . He is an a - fa f his a r excellent w ter dog, very ith ul to m ste ; but, un f has f ortun ately, become too notoriou s, rom the inhum an and a a s s for has a bl ckgu rd port which he been gener lly used , to be s uffered to follow the heel of any m an who does not de sire to se t s a a r f r be down a p t on o uffianism and infamy . - is s o f The Bull dog not wholly de titute good qu alities, as s a ome writers h ve represented him to be . Besides his cou r a e ss s s a a his ss a . g , he po e e trong tt chment to m ster M r . J os se a s an a of a a » rel te necdote Bull dog, th t h aving been accu s ’ tom e d his as r 5 a a i i n hi a to be m te tr velling comp n on , s c arri ge , for s s hi a e everal ye ar , on s pl c being allotted to a new favor r f e e at s nd . ite , e us d to , icken e d , pined , a died s a a A Bull dog ved Shipwrecked crew , by towing a rope f the e the f f rom vess l to Shore , a te r two fine New oundl and dogs had e l a p ris hed in the attempt . I shou d ttribute his success his e a n d to indomitabl cour ge , which pI e ve te him from giving hi s f up s exertion while li e rem ained .

THE PUG .

w as a s of a f - . This dog ort mini ture o the bull dog, but with w ou t his courage . His muzzle as u s u ally bl ack the re st of his body o f a buff color and the t ail curled tightly ove r the binde r end . ’ Pu has e a as a a s b The g b en repl ced , l dy pet , y the more e l

ant a a e and Ble nhei / and a e g It li n gr yhound , the m King Ch rles i e s e and w s sp aniel s . He s now very ra r ly to be e n , ill oon if has a e a hi fa become extinct, , indeed , s uch not lr dy been s te .

THE BRITISH MASTIFF .

Thi s dog app e ars to owe his origin to a mixture of the bull dog Of ancie nt Brit ain with the old Talbot hound . He is usu

r ff nd . ally Of a brindled color, o bu , with d ark e ars a muzzle do 4 3 d r Chicken , a gbelonging to the egiment, stood twen r w as ty nine inches and a h al f m height at the shoulde . He a s w as be trifled very gentle to hum n being , but not to with by his own kind for on one occ asion he killed his brothe r in com . w as ass -s at bat . Chicken once p ing up Union treet, Plymouth , w r f u rs at a a when he as beset by a t oop o o , who length ctu lly rn e d d hi a and his a on he I p e him in s w lk , excited nger, which

a s n f his s and as s all. p u ed , raised o e o hind leg , toni hed them

i Col one l Sm th. 1 1 2 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

The disposition of the M astiff is ch aracterized by cou rage, n f a a h a e r generosity , a d orbe r nce : even the midnig t m raud id r will be held by him uninj ured , until hum an a a rrive s, p o v ide d he re frain from s truggle or resi st ance . The att acks o f puny antagonists a re de spis e d but if they become intole r a e n le as ff is s a s s his bl , the ob M ti ti fied with howing contempt , o r inflicting ch astisement o f ra the r a humili ating th an a p ain '

ff . ful . t r of as a e a n ature The s o y the M ti th t , wh n gre tly an b f a noyed y the ince ssant b arking o little cur, took him by the a o f and e a a a b ck the neck , dropp d him over qu y w ll into the r i an s a e f iver, s well known but I recollect in t nc o thi s na for a e ture , when the M astiff, standing mom nt contempl ating u f his a e and e a the str ggl e s o l t tormenter , p rceiving th t the cur r w k a a a s n ent as li e ly to c arry him aw y , ctu lly pra g into the a nd u f hi a s s w ter, a re sc ed him rom s d ngerou po ition . e a s ff a d Henry VII . ord re d a M ti to be h nge , bec au se he had sing ly coped with and ov ercome a lion And in the reign o f a e u s w as a Que e n Eliz beth , wh n Lord B ckhur t mb assador at M iff i a f . a ast s s a n the court o Ch arle s IX , id to h ve , alone a d a e a a e a nd un assiste d , s ucc e ssive ly eng aged b r, l op rd , a a li

n and . a s n o , pulled them all down Stow rel te a eng agement f a a o s I. which took pl ce , in the reign J me , between three m as ff an f h s w d a . o t e e ti s lion One dog b ing put into the den , as s the a an oon di sabl e d by lion , who took him by the he d d

nd a a . r was neck , a dr gged him bout Anothe dog next let se the s a fa e loo , which sh are d me t ; but the third , on being the and put in , immedi ately s eized lion by the lip , held him f r a s ra e s his a o con ide bl time , till being everely torn by cl w s, w his and a the dog as obliged to quit hold the lion , gre tly ex a s f s a e h n ted by the conflict , re u ed to renew the eng g ment , but a a s fle d ar t king s udden le ap over the dog , into the interior p t f i n f f : b o h s de . Two O the dogs soon died o their wounds ut ’ n w as ar o f s s n the third recovered , a d t aken c e by the king o , d f of as s s who s aid , He th at ha ought with the king be t hould ” never after fight with any infe rior cre ature -a far noble r determin ation th an th at arrived at by the u s urper, Henry

as a a a . VII . , lre dy det iled ff i s a The Englis h M asti s now very ra re , even more o th n w f r th at Of the Alps . He as in high e steem o merly as a -d is a su s a d u w atch og, but now gener lly per eded in th t ty by the Newfoundl and, who is more th a n competent to s upply his a pl ce .

‘ 1 4 N H Y OF THE DOG ATURAL ISTOR .

THE SHOCK DOG .

a r s a of and the A sm all poodle , with silky h i In te d wool ,

- f . short, turned u p nose o the pug

‘ THE ARTOIS DOG .

i k and Between the sho c the pug .

THE GRIFFIN DOG .

ar a ss s and a r- App ently cro between the heep dog w te dog . f rr r and r r f With the exception o the bull te ie d oppe , none o thes e dogs are o f any u se .

THE KANGAROO D OG .

i a d a s do Thi s s a t all n h nd ome g, bred between a m astiff; r f a and a as o f - o New oundl nd , greyhound , with d h bull dog . It u su ally re ach e s the height of twe nty -seven or twenty-eight is s f s and f inche s at the shoulder ; wi t, trong , with a air av e a f and is s a rage s h re o courage , con equently , bout the best description o f dog th at could be employed in the ch ase of — k anga I OO a ch ase atte nded with con siderable d ange r to the s as a a f s do from w dog , the k ng roo o ten rip up a g j a to belly with a s ingle stroke o f the hind foot . A mongrel 1 3 therefore s for s a use as a s e the be t uch , it would not n w r to expose v al - u able or high bred dogs to s o m uch ri sk . In app e aran ce the K ang aroo dog is not very u nlike the tiger-hound of South

America .

CHAPTER XII.

GENERAL TREATMENT OF THE DOG .

THOSE who de sire to breed dogs of pe c uli ar excellence for a f s if n r thems elve s , will be cert in o s uc ce s , they attend to o e o b two s imple dire ction s . DO not e s atisfied with the appearance s a f r alone of either p arent . A cert in the pedigree as a as possi f a s a a - ble for it not un requently h ppen th t whelp , h aving all i a d u the appearance o f high breeding ,w ll be ccidentally pro ced n a i a s of a ff r r when o e p rent s b olutely di e ent breed , o h aply a NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . 1 1 5

n our : f s s r saf commo rom uch tock , howeve , it would be un e ‘ r a is s fa r f to b e ed, as the prob bility , in such c ase , in vo o the r a af had o r a is whelp s, more o le ss , t king ter the blood , , s it

a n ck . r r f r c lled , throwi g ba A scertain the pedig ee , the efore , o

at le ast four generation s . Let your next con side ration be the age and he alth of the nd a . a s t a w a s ld a p rents The m le hould be , a le st, t o ye r o , he f a at as f t em le le t fi teen month s . The m ale need not be r ti his r worn ejected as unfit un l eighth ye a , provided he h ave w l a s a d a i and e l, not been h rdly u ed , n h ve ret ained h s he alth f m r. a s m r vigo The e le , under i il ar ci cum stances, need not

be rejected until her sixth ye a r . a s s f m s Both p rent hould be in per ect he alth . The fe ale goe with young sixty-three d ays ; She has from four to thirteen

t a . e s a re and s young a birth The wh lp born blind , their eye I f d d m open about the eleventh O twe l th ay . The a should not e e f n r rs m t . b e te e t a e a b p r i ted to re dfo h n thre time s in two ye , n w a in r and if c she s e to re r o e th an five puppies deli ate , mu t f h e re a ou an not re ar so m any . I t e wh lps a very v alu ble , y c a n f be re dily procure a foste r nurse , who c a , without di ficulty , induced to adopt as m any whelps as you find it n e c e ss ary to

” re he s s move from the dam . T whelp should not be uckled ix ks bu fi e f is su flicien l longer th an s wee t v , or even our, t y if f r r a so s long , necess ity c all s o th e i r emov l oon , the only ffe m r at di rence being, th at In s uch c ase they require o e c are yiiey r h ands w ” A fte I n tire-t u s fe a s s we ani g , p p will ed vor ciou ly , but hould i e at or s fe not be g ve n as much as they will , they will ur it ’ s - a the m elve s . Their diet m ay con si st o f well boiled o atme l ‘ r k porridge , m ashed pbtatoe s, with skim milk , o new mil , to nd n t add dilute the m e ss give it cool,a do o the milk until the ss a he a a one me be cool . Do not m ake more th n will w nted t

‘ f r sh nd resh and e ss s scr u time give the ood f e a f , k ep the ve el l a a f over pulous y cle an . Let the whelp s h ve bed o cle an straw pine s h avings, or pine sawdust ; the turpentine contained in ‘ f f s l a s as . a s o the \ wood wi l b ni h fle Let there be upply re h Wa r r and “ a a f te alw ays within their e ach , let them h ve ree ,

. e s . ass open , airy court , in which to di sport thems lve A gr plot is a g re at adv ant age and if you h av e no s uch accom m o . a t or a k d tion , ge t some nice fresh gr ass ou twice thrice wee , a nd la is es s a y i t down in your court . The dog the b t phy ici n his o wn s nd e s ass in Sicknes , a will r ort to the gr with much r satis faction if his stomach be out of orde . f ld s set of or At about ou r month s o , the fir t teeth , milk 1 1 6 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

r ou t and are r a a t teeth , begin to d op , epl ced by the perm nen t s and s set, which ch ange is comple e between the ixth eventh s s a a f a month . The tu k h ve cquired their ull length bout the ld f r . a a s o a twel th o thirteenth month At bout two ye r , yellow ci rcle m ake s its appe a rance around the base Of the a a s f r and tusk s, which gr du lly develops it el , with mo e more

a . s int e n sity , until the third ye r About thi time you will f fr r find the e dges o the ont , o cutting teeth , begin to be worn n i f a ra s s down , a d the little n ck on the crown o the l te l inci or to s r A s f r ar a r a s s s s di appe a . the ou th ye pp o che , the tu k lo e r s nd r s a a a ss o f thei point , a the teeth p e ent gr du l progre de c a f r e s s y, until the fi th o sixth y ar , when the inci or begin to

f n r fa . all ,a d the tu sk s become dis colo red ove their enti re s ur ce The sixth o r s eventh y e ar find s the dog less lively th an of old ; he is evidently no longe r young ; as soon as his e ighth ar ha s a a a f w a a s s w s ye s p a sed w y , e gr y h ir ho them elve s a his and at s o f the m onth . s round eye s, the corner The e appe a rances incre ase in inte n sity to the eleventh or twel fth ar s a s s n r a ye , when actu al decrepitude u u lly et in , a d inc e se s so a b f e e a if a e r pidly , th at y the ourt enth y r, the nim al surviv so i s f and all long, he s a nuisance to him el with whom he comes in contact ; sore s b re ak out in diffe rent p arts Of his hi r a e fe s and s bod y , s whole c a c ss mits a tid mell , it i with f n a his a s a : is a di ficulty he c a dr g ged limb long it , then , s f nd s ource o congratul ation when de ath comes in, a rele ase f i s s him rom h s uffe ring .

DEWCLAWS .

It frequently h appen s th at puppies are born with a fifth toe u f is pon the hind oot ; this is c all e d a dewcl aw . It usu ally a fa t e only l se o , posse ss ing no connection with the bony str u c o f b n a b ut a s s e a off. M r ture the limb ; , in y c e , hould t ken . Yo u att a c ll s the pra ctice an inhum an one , and seem s to think a s a is s n th t thi cl w eldom a y hinderance to the dog . I se e no gre at inhum anity in it ; fo r if it be done at the prope r age — viz . , between the third and fourth week the ope ration is s a f b and the f he dam c rcely elt y the pup , tongue o t soon he al s

. a s a a o f a the wound Let it l o be properly done , with p ir l rge , s har s ss s e b on s p ci or let the pup be firmly h ld y e per on , while a s nd fe f r econd operate s, a let the operator el o the proper a and a s hi pl ce to cut , l so not be nervou , but do s work with decision . f n ar The dewcl aws, when le t o , e con stantly com n in ‘ wa r r i g the y, getting ent angled in g ass o roots, and

1 1 8 NATURAL HISTORY. or THE DOG .

a t a a and a a a w . inducing the anim al to repe , g in g in , wh t as re — quired not only would the dog be c ap able of perform ing that a a o f th a w as i s pecific act, but th t p rt e br in , which brought a ff r to activity by the me nt al e o t, would become more l a rge ly developed and hence a perm anent inc re ase o f me ntal pow e r s as is a a c th e be obt ained . Thi re oning in ccord n e with f f n s known l aws o the physiology o the nervou s system , a d i fr u s r a m a r f r he a ght with the mo t impo t nt re s ults . We y e e t re ade r interested in the s ubject , to the m asterly little work f an s o Doctor Verity, Ch ge produced in the Nervous Syst em ’ f s é a by Civilization . A ter thi introduction , M . L on rd spoke hi s his s a a nd f to s dog in French , in u u l tone , ordered one o r un them to w alk , the other to lie down , to , to g allop , h alt

f . & . a nd r crouch , o , which they per ormed s promptly a co rect ly as the most docile children . Then he directed them to go f e ma through the u s u al exercise s o th neg e, which they per ’ - formed as well as the best named ponie s at A stley s . He ix a o f ff r nd next pl aced s c rd s di erent colors on the floo , a , his a s ne u s itting with b ck to the dog , directed o to pick p the

nd r &c . a his s blue c ard , a the othe the white , , v rying order r d s a s a a a w as im ssi a pidly, an pe king in uch m nner, th t it po ble the dogs could h a ve executed his comm and s if they had f r n f o s . ot a per ect knowledge the wo d For in st ance , M . il x a r d a and ra Léon ard said , Ph a , t ke the e c rd , give it to B c ’ nd hi nd a a a P lax . a Brac , t ke the white c rd , give it to The did s and a ar s a r dogs in st antly thi , exch nged c d with e ch othe . Philax r a on r and He then s aid , , put you c rd the g een , Brac , ’ nd w f put you rs on the blue , a thi s as in st antly per ormed . nd a a n Piece s of bre ad a me t were pl ced o the floor, with nd a a of s r figu red c ard s, a v riety direction we e given to the d s r and a s og , so as to put thei intelligence Obedience to evere a a or ar s as a test . They brought the me t , bre d , c d , comm nd

t r . ed , but did not attempt to e a o to touch , unless orde red ilax w r a f m a nd Ph as then orde ed to bring piece o e t , a give it w Philax to Brac , and then Br ac as told to give it b ack to , il w he who w as to return it to its pl ace . Ph ax as next told f nd at f r had might bring a piece o bre ad , a e it but, be o e he his as r f r a and time to sw allow it, m te o b de him , directed him n in ahtl ro to Show th at he had not disobeyed , a d the dog st y p trude d the c ru st between his lips . “ f r f . While m any of the se e at s we e being pe r ormed , M d r a the a a s LéonaI sn apped a whip violently , to p ove th t nim l were so completely under di scipli ne th at they would not heed any inte rruption . NATURAL HISTORY or THE DOG . 1 9

é r A fte r m any othe r pe rform ances, M . L on a d invited a f gentlem an to pl ay a g ame of dominoe s with one o them . The younger and slighte r dog th e n se ated himsel f on a ch ai r

and and . é a s a at the t able , the writer M L on rd e ted them s s s . s r a s elve oppo ite ,Six dominoe we e pl ced on their edge in and a e b f the usu al m anne r before the dog , lik number e ore a a u e u e o one the writer . The dog h ving do bl n mb r, t ok up nd ut e o f a in his mouth , a p it in the middl the t ble ; the Write r pl aced a corresponding piec e on one side ; the dog immedi ately pl ayed anothe r corre ctly ; and so on until all S ix s r the piec e s were e ng aged . Other dominoe we e then given

a nd the e a a e a be . to e ach , writ r intention lly pl y d wrong num r k d s u r ris e d s a e a s a t the The dog loo e p , t red very rne tly writer, o

nd a a ke a . a no growled , a fin lly b r d ngrily Finding th t notice w k f his s a e s he u s a a as t a e n o remon tr nc , p hed w y the wrong his s e and k u a s a one f hi domino with no , too p uit ble rom s

w e nd a e its s e a . o n pi e c s, a pl c d it in t d The writer then

f e and a . pl ayed corre ctly ; the dog ollow d , won the g me Not é the s light e st Intim ation could h av e been given by M . L on a rd to the dog ; this mode o f pl ay m u st h a ve be e n entire ly the res ult of his own observation and j udgment . It s hould be

rf a s s . added , th at the pe orm nce were trictly private The of s w as a a o f f owner the dog gentlem n independent ortune , and the in struction o f his dogs had b e e n t aken up merely as ” a curious and amu sing investigation . a s a o a a a a G e rm ndi Some ye r g , Sp ni rd , n med o , exhibited a comp any of performing dogs in the different town s of Gre at

B a and a . a rit in Irel nd In Dublin , where he m de some stay , his he occupied , with comp any , the l a rge building at the ’ r o f D Olie r -s corne treet , which is now the h and some shop of

. f Messrs Kin ah an . The per orm ance s of these dogs were ex tre m e l s . a a and y curiou They d nced , w ltzed , pirouetted . s and a a f a a One , in the co tume ch r cter o l dy , sat down to - a spinning wheel , which he k e pt in motion for a con side rable time . The comp any w as divided into two group s : one -h al f ap a Of a pe ring in dre sse s red color , and the other being atti red

. s f f s in blue The blue occupied the mod e l o a ortres , which a f the red troop att cked , drawing up thei r a rtillery in ront, and e a a op ning he vy fire upon the enemy , which the blues r h r f r eturned wit thei c annon from the ortre ss . The ed s t f ss were , however, a length victorious ; the ortre tottered , and s f the red d ashed across the de ence s . Suddenly the W r s o k bl e w up with a t remendo us c ras h , and seve ral dogs, 1 20 U NAT RAL HISTORY OF THE DOG . on o s l b th ides, ay motionless as they fell , app arently seve rely a if d a . m imed , not entirely e d When the effects of the ex s had a a a n plo ion died w y , the proprietor dvanced , a d pulled f the per ormers a bout as de ad dog s, to the no s m all horror a nd a m aze ment o f the s pect ators ; but immedi ately on the f a ar dropping o the curt in , the app ently wounded or de ad s s a e f and r s r r dog pr ng to th ir eet, e umed thei p ope r pl aces . The next sc e ne introduced one of the dogs a c aptive be e of his a s all a m twe n two comr de , ttired in ilita ry costume . a e w The c ptive , b ing condemned as a de serter, as sentenced nd s e a f to be shot , a the entenc c rried orthwith into execution

his a . t f r by c anine comr des On being fired a , he ell , st uggled s fo r a fe w s s a a in convul ively/ econd , then pp rently died ; this state he w as dragged about the stage ; his com rades a n the n pl aced him in b arrow, a d wheeled him aw ay . He s ubsequently appe a red pl aced in a bier drawn by dogs, with r e s a r i likewis e a c anine d iv r, who flouri hed whip ove h s a s a nd a ss o f a at comp nion , with proce ion the whole comp ny tired as soldier s , move d slowly to the solemn de ad m arch , nd s deposited th e ir comrade in the g rave , a thu concluded e s s o f ar s de sc ri thei r perform anc . The e dog were v iou p — tion s pugs, poodles , mongrel s . w n r o f s w o There as a inte lude young puppie , h tumbled a ft r he ad ove r heel s in v ariou s dive rting ttitude s , a e which f - he introduced a fine s pecimen o bull dog , which the ex - w a hibite r c all e d his fire king . This dog s trained to exhibit f nd n in the mids t o f a brilli ant di spl ay o firework s, a nothi g could exceed the courage he pre se rved when wholly su r r a s s he a f s to ounded by fl me , or the re olution m ni e ted not quit his position until the fire w as entirely extinguished . r ss I adduce these inte re sting accounts, in o der to impre ’ f e ss a nd upo n my re aders mind the grand act , th at g ntlene , ” modus e andi s not cruelty , is the Op r likely to ucceed with an anim al c ap able o f so much intellectu al culture as is the dog ; and I hope th at the above anecdote s m ay touch othe r nd m a a r minds as deeply as they h ave mine , a save ny poo dog from the ill -usage to which he might othe rwise h ave been s ubjected .

1 22 NATURAL HISTORY or THE DOG .

f ss for his as r r a the empty air ; his ondne m te inc e ses, and — with it his p ropensity to lick the h ands and face a filthy d ne s a r - p ractice at any time, an o mo t d nge ou s the appetite i a ra f is becomes depraved , h s n tu l ood neglected , and, at r r of r s i r d the s ame time, eve y so t filthy t a h s g ee ily de m nt is an and vou re d eating his own ex cre e e arly symptom , so a a is s so s s ure a one, th t the moment dog een doing he hould f ll s ar . be destroyed , or, at a event , c e ully confined s a s f f s Rubbing the paw ag inst the ides o the mouth . I thi n n be done to remove a bo e, the mouth will rem ain ope but as r s of ra h a l e when it t akes pl ace the p ecur or bie s, t e j ws c os afte r the r ubbing ce ase s . Soon follows an insatiable thirst ; so insati able th at the poor animal often plunges his whole muzzle into the w ate r ; ' r f and he re you m ay obse ve spume le t upon the s u rface . fa or s a rs and s Soon the dog lls t gge , ometimes, but not in r v ari ably, becomes deli ious . De ath speedily en sues .

DUMB MADNE S S

Is chiefly ch aracte rized by stupidity, and , at the same f a r time , re stle ssnes s o de me no ; the tongue becomes of a n s a dark color, a d much wollen the nim al is also con stantly i if rubbing its j aws with ts p aws, as seeking to remove a bone from its th roat ; and is in general un able to keep its mouth shut, or the tongue within it . f r a s r I a pe son be bitten by dog upposed to be abid , let the r f nd bitten part be c a e ully exci sed , a liquid c au stic copiously f r applied to the wound thus o med . R abie s has been known to s upe r vene afte r seven months from the infliction o f the a a s r r bite , h aving l in dorm nt in the ystem du ing th at pe iod . Although horror at the sight of liquids is not p resent in thi s rr the d n f dise ase when occu ing in og, it is o e o its strongest ra r rr n ch a cte istics when occu ing in the hum an subject, a d

is r r . the dise ase then, with p op iety, termed HYDROPHOBIA

CANKER IN THE BAR

l a r- r a A dise ase to which a l w te dogs are ve ry s ubj e ct, p ob r a f a r s bly p roduced by a dete min tion o blood to the he d , e ult ing from th at p art not sh aring in the gene r al immersion . The ' re atm ent s r f r aff . hould ,the e o e, commence with keeping the ect e d s fr r e a a a the dog om w ate . The rliest symptom s re, sh king hand, holding it to one side , and viole nt scratching of the ear . NATURAL HISTORY OR THE DOG . 1 23

r When the se are pe rceived, the e a s should be well w ashed with w arm w ate r and soap and then sy ringed out with a so n f r of a a lutio o sugar of le ad , in the propo tion about te spoon r f s a r ful of the le ad to one pint of distilled w ate . I di tilled w te r u ra - a s s as c annot be procu ed , se in w ter . Be ide this, the w hing f sho uld be repe ated twice or th rice d aily,and the bowel s o the dog kept open by a d aily l ax ative ; if these r emedies fail , a r n r nd r seton m u st be u th ough the back of the neck , a st ong f f n a doses o aloes given every second day . I you c a , pply to a r r r vete in a y s u geon .

J AUNDICE .

r The dog appe a s very s ubject to this dise ase . Its symptoms “ ” a r f . are obviou s . The conj unctiv , o white o the eye , be ff a and s af r come s su used with yellow hue , oon te ,the same hue s pre ads ove r all the skin ; the nose and m onth a re dry and parched ; the dog lose s appetite s eek s concea lment ; nd a a s s become s we ak a em ci ted vomit greeni h m atter,some s s s s s s time tinged with blood , lo e con ciou nes ; dies . Much depends on taking this dise ase in time but it is so n i h in sidious a d deceptive in ts advance s, th at W o or three weeks f f r O ten el aps e be ore its discove y . In s uch c ases the anim al is lost . f I e a rly perceived , give Epsom s alts, combined with muci a of a a or - f l ge gum r bic , very Well boiled gruel . I you think s has it a a n the dise a e only j ust m ade s ppe ar nce , a emetic will f nd s a u I be o gre at servi ce , a common lt will an swer the p pose, f n s f nd i othing el se 1 5 at h and . Sm all do es o c alomel a colo f r o f n n cynth , in the o m pill , given at night, a d followed by a a r in ra r f If pe ient the morning, will gene lly p ove success ul . f r r s much eve be p esent, bleeding hould be resorted to . W a r f s hen ppetite retu n s, the ood hould be light, and given in sm all qu antities

WORMS .

The dog is ve ry s ubject to the accumul ation of wo rm s in he Ascarides o r s a s s . are f r s : . inte tine They o th ee kind , m ll

r a n f an . th e dlike worms, ot more th an h al inch in length These are chiefly pre sent in the rectum and hence the o rdi na ry symptoms of thei r p resence is the dog d ragging his fun. a a s are r s t t se d ment long the ground . Puppie ve y ubjec to he w r s o m . ‘ ‘ 1 24 HATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

f t r s k r he r - or n f and r T he e e , li e t ea th w m i orm appe a ance,

‘ ~ bu f t r . ia r a rm r t o a whi e colo The tazn , o t pewo , seve al inches w in and l t for ar its . i length , f a ne ly hole extent s al so i f r is r anothe r desc r ptio n o wo m th at , I think , pe culi a to very nd r r young puppies, a which appe a to be gene ated in thei r in i r a a r is f f r te st ne s in g e t qu ntitie s . This wo m rom two to ou " s of a d r r nd n t inche in length, irty white colo , ound , a poi ted a both ex tre mitiesv Sometimes the se worm s collect in b alls or " ' m ‘ a he niI b r r In . m sses, to t e of a dozen o more e ach m ass M any young puppie s fall aw ay in flesh, until they actu ally r a f s r and a e ch the extreme o em aci ation ; fits upe vene , de th s arr a s a re a to dis oon c ies them aw ay . The de th ttributed t m rm r an f e per ; but wo s a e the t ru e c au se , d the se o the de s r a - a f a c iption I h ve indic ated . I h ve found the ollowing tre t ment mo st effi c aciou s and I h ave had ve ry g re at expe rience in r a — n a a s a e ring puppies z Give , s ay o Mond y, m ll pill f r o f V e nd r fr s of a o med enic turpent ine a flou , om the ize very a f ar a s minute pe to th at o a sm all m ble , ccording to the ize nd f r r uf for r a age o the pup . The fo me will s fice Blenheim o

a s a a d s &c . a r for King Ch rle pups, It li n greyhoun , ; the l tte

s wfoundl nds as ffs &c . sda bloodhound , N e a , m ti , On Tue y , - f s r give a sm all dose of c aste r Oil a te aspoon ul to the m alle , b nf ‘ r s w a ta le spoo ul to the l arge r breeds in neithe c a e , ho e v e r f . ( n a othin rs a , quite ull O , Wedne sd y give n g ; on Thu d y n give the turpentine as be fore ; on F rid ay, the Oil o S atur da n n y , othing ; a d so On . ’ nd . n t Keep you r puppies beds dry, cle an , a swe et Do o f t f r on f f t i s a a . eed them oo o ten ,o oo d o oo nutrit ou qu lity Pup d pies should not be fed Oftene r tha n three time s a ay . The

. . d a morning and evening me al s m ay be gi ven a t 9 A M , an t 7 — m P . . nd a M , a should con sist o f veget able s pot atoe s, o t e al , & — - m a c . d well boile , and given with milk . At two, you y

‘

ive meat da . B g with the me ss, but not too abun ntly etween

nd a . the me al s give a drink of butte rmilk , or milk a w ter The gene ra l symptom s o f the presence of all or any of these w s are f r ve racit a ss orm , , etid b e ath , st aring coat , y, or tot l lo of a t a s a ppeti e, violent purging, or obstin te con tip tion , with a a a s is a gre t em ci tion , ometimes fits . Venice turpentine good n s are u s f for remedy , a d is effective in slight c ase s . Aloe e ul d ass i slodging worm s from the re ctum , as they p down the in n l a is the saf st testi es, a most unchanged but powde red gl ss e l d in and most effi c aciou s give it pills forms x ivith butte r an g e r nd r r g , a cove ed with soft p ape .

- NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DOG .

of filth and hunger and in these c ases the ch ange m ust be

to a and ene rous die t . a of f cle n bedding g , The ch nge ood , r n s r m howeve , should ot be udden , othe wise not only ay the r t r and e xisting dis order be agg av a ed , but othe less m an age a r ble affections m ay be supe induced .

DISTEMPER .

fa a s r r ra The m ost t l di o de , next to bie s, to which the c anine ar i r race is li able . Ne ly every dog s ce tain to h ave it at some

period of his exi stence ; but in gene ral it m ake s its appe ar.

r rs ar . If an do ance du ing the fi t ye old g get this dise ase,

you need not hope to s ave him . r is s r a its s Di stempe t ongly m rked in ymptoms,though they a a are not invari ably of the s ame ch r cte r . They are usu ally f a e ss f r a ss of loss o pp tite , dulne , eve , we kne the eyes, a dis f s s s ch arge rom the no e , a hort hu ky cough , disch arge from s and s a ar and f d s both eye no e , peculi eti mell , em aci ation , ts and r r sometime s fi , when they appe a , I should p ognostic ate

a fat al termin ation to the compl aint . Dogs in a fit are some f r ma d times mi s taken o let it be understood , th e n , fits are

never p re sent in rabies . r is a s a o f uc r n The distempe di e se the m ous s u faces, a d u su in asa ar f s a a lly commences n l c at rh . I the di e s e be detected f an a in the fi rst stage , bleeding will be most use ul, d th t pretty an nd f copiou s : give emetic , a ollow it up by a gentle purga — tive ; if as is gene rally the c ase when the above t reatment ff a re —inflam m ati n f rv does not e e ct cu o o the lungs s upe ene s, r e r you mu st take mo e blood , giv mo e ape rient medicine , with

as a s . If a a e a and is a occ ion l emetic , the nim l b come we k , p l n i n parent y sinking, give mild tonics, as Z e t a , quinine and f ‘ n at s s r f- I i r i he will ot e , put ome t ong bee ie ly down h s th oat . f f A seton in the back o the neck is often u se ul , but should

r l . not be u sed indisc imin ate y If possible , consult a veteri r r and a r in is n a y s u geon , pl ce you dog h h ands . The mo re generous the b reed , the mo re li able is the dog to r and r- of l have distempe , to sink unde r it . Cu dogs ow de ’ a r ree h ardly know wh t it is . The h ardy s hephe d s dog of if a at all r gcotl and , he h ve it , gets ove it u naided, in a day or two .

- BIAB RHGZA .

W f d as rta f r ait or a ay or two, to ce in i the dis cha ge will

r i s f if i . w cu e t el ; it continue, g ve caster oi1 , with a fe d rops of lau a d num . COSTIVENESS .

Change the diet ; give g ruel and slops and let the dog ha ve full liberty ; boiled live r will be found useful . If these

r fa s a s s f as e r oil. me asu es il , give m ll do e o c t I h a ve not gone into the s ubject of c anine dis e as es at any r r g e at length ; for I hold all qu ackery in gre at abhor ence . The less a dog is drugged the bette r and he will neve r be

f d. unwell if a llowed s ufficient exe rcise , and be j udiciously e W f f n r do so hen illness p resents its el , i you ca p ocure advice , f o at if u m r . u once you c annot , se so e simple emedy I y s f b d r d a a r his mu t yourse l le e you og, tie lig ture ound neck , and r d s a di on his f the vein will ise . Blee d the og t n ng eet ; r his a or a a s a r when he d oops he d , ppe r We k , cut the co d ; in i the bleed g will ste p of itsel f without the a d of a pin .

ma . W a rts y be removed by the aid o f c austic, and some s a r time a lig tu e . I do not think th at I h ave ne w left any necessa ry or useful f a in orm ation undetailed . I h ve been induced to p resent this to r a boo k the e der, by the conviction th at no work on dogs t a ha a a ha a a f f h t s yet ppe red , s em n ted rom the pen o a dog a i and a n r f f nc er, th t o othe r pe son is c ap able of satis actorily a r n h ndling the s ubject . Whether o ot I h ave s ucceeded in n doi g so, will speedily appe ar from the reception my work f l — will meet with rom the best of a l j udges the public .

TB) END . G ARD EN IN G F OR P ROF IT .

I n t h e M a r k e t a n d F a m il y G a r d e n

B Y P E E R H E N E R N T D S O .

F I N E L Y I L L U S T R A T E D .

Thi s is the first work on M ark e t Gard ening ever pu bli sh e d in this u Its au h is e k as a m a k et ar e e of n co ntry . t or w ll nown r g d n r twe ty ’ fu e e e e In s h years su ccess l xp ri n c . thi work e has recorded this e e e e and i en h ut ese a e ds e essa xp ri nc , g v , wit o r rv tion , the m tho n c ry to the profitable cu lt ure of th e com m ercial or

M A R I KE T G A R D E N .

It is a k for e e has b ee a em a d and on wor which th r long n d n , e l m m e tse f not those who e e e a es which wil co nd i l , only to gr w v g t bl for sa e bu t the u a of the l , to c ltiv tor

A EN FAM ILY G RD , to Whom it pre sent s me thods qu it e different from the old ones gen~ is an R G NA A ND P URELY A M ER CAN ork an o a a i e . It w d r lly pr ct c d O I I L I , not m a e u as bo k s on a e ni fte ar e b u a s d p, o g rd ng too O n , y q ot tion f from oreign au thors . fec a and the sub e t ea ed al Every thing is m ade per tly pl in , j c tr t in l its eta s f the se e of the s e a the d cts d il , rom l ction oil to pr p ring pro u for m a k et r . T CON ENTS.

M e n fi tte d fo r th e B u s in e s s o f G ar d en in g . Th e A m ou n t o f C a i al R e u ir e d an d p t q ,

W o r k in g F o r c e p e r A cr e . r fi s f M ar k e G ar d e n in P o t o t g . L o ca ion S itu a io n an d L a in Ou t t , t , y g . S i s D r ain a e an d P r e ar ation o l , g , p . M an u r e s I m l e m e n s , p t . U s e s an d M an a em e n t o f Co d F r am e s g l . F o rm ati n an d M an a e m e n t o f Ho t-b d o g e s. or cin P i s o r G r e n -h s F g t e ouse .

S e e d s an d S e e d R aisin g .

How , W h e n , an d W h er e to S e w S ee d s. Tr an s an in I n s ec t s p l t g . . P ack in Of V e e e s fo r S hi in g g t ab l pp g . P r e s er v a io n o f V e b l s in W in e r t g e ta e t .

V e ab e s h ir V ar i i s an d Cul iv a ion . e g t l , t e e t e t t

he ast a e the m s a u ab e k s are es be In t l ch pt r, o t v l l ind d cri d , t ea i d a t he cultu re proper o ch s giv en in e t il . - e n s t a id r ic e l. 5 0 S t po p , p s .

a Ne -Y rk ORANGE J UDD 82: CO 24 5 Broadw y, w o .