Structure of the Ordinary Ix

DICTIONARY OF BRITISH ARMS GENERAL EDITOR (1940–95) SIR ANTHONY WAGNER, K.C.B., K.C.V.O., M.A., D.Litt., F.S.A. sometime Garter King of Arms Dedicated to the memory of Lieutenant-Colonel George Babington CROFT LYONS DICTIONARY OF BRITISH ARMS MEDIEVAL ORDINARY VOLUME THREE Editors T. WOODCOCK, L.V.O., B.A., LL.B., F.S.A. Norroy and Ulster King of Arms SARAH FLOWER Assistant Editor THE HON. JANET GRANT Technical Editor TREVOR CHALMERS, Ph.D. Published by THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON MMIX First published 2009 by The Society of Antiquaries of London Burlington House Piccadilly London W1J 0BE www.sal.org.uk © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2009 The right of Thomas Woodcock and Sarah Flower to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. ISBN 978-0-85431-293-1 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Text preparation by Trevor Chalmers Text conversion by The Boydell Press, Woodbridge Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham Contents Acknowledgements vi Foreword vii History of the Project since 1996 viii Structure of the Ordinary ix Compilers xvii Sources Alphabetically by abbreviation xxvii Terminology Abbreviations and selected word list xxxviii Index of Headings liii The Ordinary Chief–Fess 1 Index of Names 521 Acknowledgements The Papworth Project has been supported by many institutions and individuals. These include: The College of Arms The British Academy Lord Howard de Walden The Marc Fitch Fund The Leverhulme Trust The Institute of Archaeology, University College London The University of Cambridge The University of Oxford The University of Waikato, New Zealand J. Paul Getty Jr Charitable Trust The Francis Coales Trust The President and Council would wish to record the Society’s gratitude for this generous support over many years. Within the Society the project has been steered by the Croft Lyons Committee and supported financially by the Croft Lyons and Research Funds. Foreword This is the third of a projected four volumes of the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary, an Ordinary being an arrangement of arms according to their design. This Ordinary covers the period from the beginnings of heraldry in the twelfth century to 1530 – the end of the medieval period for English and Welsh heraldic chronology, as the county surveys known as ‘Heralds’ Visitations’ started then. Work on this Ordinary originally began in 1940 under the direction of Sir Anthony Wagner, Garter King of Arms (as he later became). The Society of Antiquaries appointed him joint General Editor of the Dictionary of British Arms in 1940 and he was sole General Editor from 1944 until his death in 1995. Volume One was published in 1992 and Volume Two in 1996 and I am delighted that Volume Three is being published after a gap of some years. It is to be hoped that the momentum can be maintained to complete this part of the Dictionary of British Arms with Volume Four in the near future. The origins of this Ordinary lie in a card index containing approximately 114,000 cards. The decision to produce a medieval Ordinary using computers was taken in 1979, and the work has been overseen by the Croft Lyons Committee of the Society of Antiquaries, which was itself created as the result of a bequest to the Society by Lieutenant-Colonel G.B. Croft Lyons in 1926 for the encouragement of the study of heraldry, and which is also responsible for the Aspilogia series, presenting Rolls of Arms chronologically. The work producing this volume has been done largely at the College of Arms. Norroy and Ulster King of Arms has been responsible for the structure of the Ordinary. Janet Grant, also of the College of Arms, and Kate Owen, the Publications Manager of the Society, produced a brief for the computer software required and a debt of gratitude is owed to Dr Trevor Chalmers, the computer software consultant responsible for the computer program. Finally, the dedicated hard work of entering and editing more than 24,000 cards has been done by Sarah Flower. This has created the present volume and made available the work of many scholars who have worked on the project since 1940. Geoff Wainwright President History of the Project since 1996 Volume One of the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary was published in 1992, Volume Two in 1996 and the history of the project up to 1996 is narrated in articles in those volumes. Between February 1997 and January 2001 I worked out the structure of the Ordinary for Volume Three and arranged the cards in a logical sequence. In 2002 Dr Trevor Chalmers, a computer software consultant, was commissioned to work on the project by the Society of Antiquaries. Janet Grant, who had worked on both Volumes One and Two, and Kate Owen, Publications Manager at the Society of Antiquaries, produced a brief for the software required and Dr Chalmers then produced a new database programme for the Dictionary based on the manuscript structure which I had written. Other commitments prevented Janet Grant from continuing to work on Volume Three. In February 2005 Sarah Flower who was working at the College of Arms took on the work of compiling the Dictionary and by the end of May 2008 the text of Volume Three had been completed as a result of her sustained hard work. This volume of the Dictionary is compiled from more than 24,000 cards in twenty-nine card index boxes. T. Woodcock Norroy and Ulster King of Arms May 2009 Structure of the Ordinary In a codicil to his will dated 5 January 1926 and proved in the same year Lieutenant-Colonel G.B. Croft Lyons wrote: ‘I wish that a new edition of Papworth’s Ordinary should be prepared. And that in order that such edition can be generally useful I desire that the blazon of the Arms in such new edition shall follow the style of blazon in the present edition and that the new forms affected in recent years by certain writers be not adopted but that the blazon be full and exact and such that any person can as far as may be understand it.’ Papworth’s Ordinary of British Armorials was published in 1874 and was the work of two men, John Woody Papworth (1820–70), who edited the first 696 pages, and Alfred William Morant (1828–81), who edited the remaining 429 pages from material left by Papworth. Papworth’s Ordinary has no date restrictions. For the new Ordinary it was decided as early as 1941 that priority should be given to the Middle Ages which for heraldic purposes ended in 1530 when the county surveys known as ‘Heralds’ Visitations’ began. Volume One of the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary covered pages 1 to 224 of the old Papworth, Volume Two covered pages 224 to 554. The present volume covers pages 554 to 835 and Volume Four will cover pages 835 to 1125. They all cover the beginnings of heraldry in the twelfth century down to approximately the year 1530. The initial key to the structure of the present work is Papworth’s Introduction to his Ordinary in which he states: ‘The Plan of the Work is simply thus: the arms are blazoned (i.e. technically described) and are arranged in alphabetical order by the names of such of the respective charges as are first mentioned in the blazon; so that the inquirer has but to blazon the coat, and the first charge that he names shows under what title in this Dictionary the coat is to be sought ... some of the charges, such as the ordinaries and others much in use, form heads so comprehensive, that several divisions and subdivisions became indispensable: there it will be seen that further alphabetical arrangements have been observed ... This part of the plan will be best learned by inspection.’ As Papworth suggested, the best method of understanding the structure of his Ordinary is by inspecting it and this applies to the present Ordinary, which can be understood most easily x DICTIONARY OF BRITISH ARMS by examination of the index of headings which immediately precedes the text of the Ordinary. The achievement of Papworth as compared to other compilers of ordinaries was that he saw the necessity of exact order in the entries. He devised a mode of classification that could extend from the simplest to the most elaborate coats where each had one and only one correct position controlled by the blazon. As the blazon controls the structure there are cases where an ambiguous coat in Papworth occurs more than once blazoned differently. Papworth’s underlying principle is that once grouped under the first named charge the remaining charges in each blazon are to be considered in their degree of remoteness from the field or the centre of it. Those that are further from the centre of the shield are considered before those nearer the centre. In a section such as On a fess between ..., the fess as the first mentioned charge determines that the entry appears under fess. The charges which the fess is between are furthest from the centre of the shield so they next control the order of the entries rather than the charges on the fess.

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