History and Antiquities of Stratford-Upon-Avon
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IL LINO I S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Brittle Books Project, 2009. UNIVERSrryOF ILLINOIS-URBANA ' 3 0112 079790793 C) c)J U0 CI 0F 622-5 CV157 111STORY & ANTIQUITIES STR4TF RkDi U]PO~A I1 ONA"r III c iI1Pir . i r M t a r HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF 5TJRATFORDJPONAVON: fO MPRISI N C A DESCRIPTION OF THlE COLLEGIATE CHURCH,7 THE LIFE OF SJL4KSPEAJRJ, AN Copies of several Documents relating to him anti his Pamniy never before printed; WITH A 13IOGt4PII1C4L SKETCH OF OTHER -V MJNENT CILIRACT2PS , Natives of, or who have resided in STRITFORD, To which, is added, a particular Account of THE- JUBILEE, Celebrated at Stratford, in Honour of our immortal Bard, BYT R. B. WIIELER. 0 gratum Musis, 0 nornen. amabile Plwcbo, Qtam sociarn adsciscant, Minicius atque Meles. Ac tibi, cara hospes, si mens divinior, et te Ignea SiKSPEARI muss ciere queat; Siste gradum; crebroquc oculos circum undique liectas, Pierii lae inontes, hec tOb Pindus erit. &ttatfouYon5ivbon: PRTNTED AND~ SOLD BY J. WARD; SOLD ALSO BYVLONGISAN AND CO.PATERNOSTERa ROW, LONDON'S WILKS AND CO. BIRIMINGHAM, AN!) BY MOST OTHER BOOKSELLERS IN TOWN AND COUNTIRY W2,2. Z3 cws;-7 PREFACE., FIE want of a work in some degree sifilar to the. res sent undertaking eatcouraged the publication of the follow4 ilig sheets, the'offspring oft afew leisure hours; and it is hoped that the world will, on an impartial perusal, make aflowanees for the imperfections, by reflecting as well upon the inexperieace of the Jiuvenile author, as that they were originally collected for"his own private information. Nescire quil anten quatn natus sis acciderit, est serper esse pueruib. Cic. in tkrat. It has long been -asubject of' regret, that a work of this miature has not been published : Sir William Dugdale's to. ~luminous antiqusities of Warwickshire (containing the only 4kistoricalaccount of this town before printed) is scarce; I a-dded to which, it- records little of the modern, and nothing Srelative to the biographical history of the town. With rer Sspect to the latter, Stratford boasts of producing, not only y: the greatest dramatic poet that ever appeared in this or any Scountry, and whose name alone will render his native place Sfamous to latest posterity, but several other characters, highly eminent for their great learning and piety, who have 82327r LIled the most exalted situations both in Church and State- to whichl a'subject ould attain, and acquired the proudest honors their monarch could bestow. The author, being a native of Stratford, has been much in the. habit of contemplating and admiring whatever he thought worthy of notice in this place, particularly the ve. terable church, its greatest ornament; and he flatters him., self with a persuasion5 that an accurate description of that Collegiate structure, and the other public buildings, toge" thur with their history collected from indubitable authori- ties, *ill afford some atMsement, and probably iiformation, mat only to the inihabitanits, but to the numerous travellers Who come at every season of the year to pay a tribute of respect to that spot, Where his first infant lays sweet SHAICSPnAItn sung, "Where the last accents faulter'd on his tongue.)' In this compilation, much assistance has been .derived from the M'S. collections of the late learned and Reverend Josmutz GREENS, formerly Master of the Free Grammar School, at Stratford, ,and. Rector of Welford,,in Glouces-. tershire, which- were obligingly communicated by his rela. Live, Mr. Wright of Lichfield; to whom many thanks are thuns returned, for his so generously promoting this work. r 'I116M y IS TORY AND ANTIQUITIES Or STRATFORD-JPON-A VON. STRATFORD-UPON-AVON (in north lau 52 deg. and west longitude, 1 deg. 40miii.) is pleasantly situated near the south-west border of the county of War.. wick, on a gentle ascent from the banks of the river Avon: which derives its source from the village of Naseby, in Northamptonshire ; and continuing its meandering course in a south-west direction, passes by Warwick, Barford, and other places, and approaches Stratford in a broad and proudly-swelling stream, not to be equaled in any other part of this beautiful river. "1Avona denique flnvius, (says ' Leland,) qui ct numero quintuLs ceteris fama non cedit; Soritur Navesbhe circa limites Avonke mediterraneae. Ve.. cc rovicum urbern cum antiquam turn nobilem alluit : Chi- "6neglissi etiamn Castrum, quod nunc Killingworth, et "GStratofordam; postremo Eovesum, Versoram, ac Theoci.. "1Curiamn [Tewksburg], ubi Sabrinae conjugio se nobilitat. "6Sunt et alii passim fluvioli in Britannia Avonme nomine; "cat_ sufficiat in praesentia quinque maxime memorabiliunL ~meminisse." The name of Stratford is, 'undoubtedly, derived from its situation on the great north road, leading from London to Birmingham- Strcde, or Stret, signifying in the Saxon language, a street or highway; and the word ford, alluding to the passage through the Avon, parallel with the great bridge. This ancient town may be traced to a period as remote as 300 years before the invasion of England by William the Conqieror, at which ara was a monastery there, in the possession of iEthelard, a Viceroy or subordinate King over the Wiccians: this evidently appears from the words of Saint Egwin, consecrated the third Bishop of Worcester, A. D. 603, and founder of the once magnificent abbey of Evesham; who exchanged with IEthelard a monastery at Fladbury in Worcestershire, which came to him by inhe- ritance in right of his queen, (named Ostrith) for that of Stratford: -' Cum maxime florerem (says St. Egwin) in ' diebus IETIELKEDI. regis MEcroum, cepi eum benigne "- precari, ut mihi concedere dignaretur antiqun Ceno. " bium, quod JEL uti;buntt ij. nuncupatur; quod sibi evenit ex " haereditate suae uxoris, qua fuit Osrl'rls vocata: satis 'ille libenti. aniino quod poscebam concessit. hoc Cce.r "' nobium postea dedi JE'rHELARnoSub-Jegulo, quierat S rex illius provincia qua itca dicitur, pro alio. Ccenobio "quod tnzatfbro nominatur."-Thus St. Egwin says 11he tc was in; his utmost prosperity in the time of: Etheired, "the Saxon: king of the Mercians," who. afterwards be. came a monk, and resigned. his crown. to his nephew Ken:., red in, the year 704.._. However as the venerable Egwinr, .who had possession of Stratford, died,. according, to Bishop, Godwin, in the year 716,. consequently, from. that period; ,..only, to this present year 1806, Stratford must have con.. tinned lO9u years. The charter by which St. Egwin made his exchange of Fladbury for Stratford, is preserved.i Jieming's Chartulary, and runs thus: *' Other,writers ,ahlrm that he died in7774. 3 4.1Reverentissiinmsemper mcmoria pontificis Ostfori, " ego Ecucuine' Deo dispeusante successor in episcopatuni "c existo. Mo.nasterium autem, cui nomen est . tz :tutb, "cquod in hac eadem cartula ex altera ejus parte cideni £cprwdicto pradecessori meo subscriptione regali tradituim " asseratur, huic venerabili nostro secundui seculum prin.. "c cipi lf iheieardon, quantum id a me fieri potent, in pos.. ccsessionemn concedio, ea tamen coniditione, ut semper inibi ~cmnobialis vita~ statuta serentur. Pro recompensatione "cvero-hujus nostrae donationis, in l oco, cui nomen est, Itt ~trC tfovi , XX cassatorum terrain ab eo in j us ecciesias.- " ticum accepi. S ciendum' tamen, me, rationabili quadarn ,causa coinpulsum, id voluisse facere, ut ci XLIILI maneni.. " tium terrain pro viginti manentis darem, id est, ea con.. "c ditione, ut post diem ejus terra ista, sine contradictions is alicujus, ad Vuceogernensem ecciesiam in jus episcopale tcsit donafa m hi &illi Ostforoquc imeo antecessori in dce.. Emosinam sempiternam. Pax confirmantibus atquc ser.. cvantibus : minnentibus vero vel conitradicentibuus disper.. cc slo perveniat sempiterna.-I thelric.--Ltthelwceard.- c~./thelberht.--Ornulingwe, abbas.--IlHii suit confirmatores et et testes." From these ancient records it appears, that this con. tent was founded soon after~ the conversion of the Saxons to the Christian faith ; which event took place upon the accession of Peada, the first Christian king of the Men.. cins; who dying in the year' 659, was succeeded by Wuipher; a prince equally renowned for his piety and va.. lour, and whose intervals of repose from war were chiefly employed in giving encouragement to, and promoting that religion which he and his subjects had lately embraced, Wulpher' dying in 675, was succeeded by Ethelred his brother, a mild and humble prince, who had early imbibed a partiality for the clergy; and in the fourth year of his r4 reign, founded the see of Worcester, and there built a Ca.. thedral Church, in which Boselus was consecrated the first bishop A. D. 680, and presided in the episcopal chair ten years, being succeeded by Ostforus, who died in 693; when the before-named St. Egwin was promoted to the vacant see in the eighteenth year of Etheired's reign. There is therefore some reasou to conjecture, that Egwin was at.first advanced by his.sovereign to the dignity of Abbot of Fladhury, which he afterwards exchanged for the monastery of Stratford. Egwin could not have pre.. sided many years in the Stratford convent, before he filled the episcopal chair; which exalted station he resigned'in 714 for the more retired office of the Abbacy of Evesham. By whom he was succeeded as superior in the Stratford convent is unknown, for very little mention is made of it, till about a century after it was annexed to the bishopric of Worcester; when Berthulph the nineteenth king of Mercia, by his charter, granted at Tamworth A. D. 845, confirmed it, with many additional privileges, to Ieabert, the tenth bishop of that diocese: the charter referred to is as follows : " In nomine Dolini. Certe fugitiva et caduca ita;- "que est status istius mundi, et omnia quae videntur hic "vento velocius ad finem trahunt; et qua: non videntur, "fixa ac Mansura in acternum permaneant.