Domestic Dog Breeding Has Been Practiced for Centuries Across the a History of Dog Breeding Entire Globe
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ANCESTRY GREY WOLF TAYMYR WOLF OF THE DOMESTIC DOG: Domestic dog breeding has been practiced for centuries across the A history of dog breeding entire globe. Ancestor wolves, primarily the Grey Wolf and Taymyr Wolf, evolved, migrated, and bred into local breeds specific to areas from ancient wolves to of certain countries. Local breeds, differentiated by the process of evolution an migration with little human intervention, bred into basal present pedigrees breeds. Humans then began to focus these breeds into specified BREED Basal breed, no further breeding Relation by selective Relation by selective BREED Basal breed, additional breeding pedigrees, and over time, became the modern breeds you see Direct Relation breeding breeding through BREED Alive migration BREED Subsequent breed, no further breeding Additional Relation BREED Extinct Relation by Migration BREED Subsequent breed, additional breeding around the world today. This ancestral tree charts the structure from wolf to modern breeds showing overlapping connections between Asia Australia Africa Eurasia Europe North America Central/ South Source: www.pbs.org America evolution, wolf migration, and peoples’ migration. WOLVES & CANIDS ANCIENT BREEDS BASAL BREEDS MODERN BREEDS Predate history 3000-1000 BC 1-1900 AD 1901-PRESENT S G O D N A I L A R T S U A L KELPIE Source: sciencemag.org A C Many iterations of dingo-type dogs have been found in the aborigine cave paintings of Australia. However, many O of the uniquely Australian breeds were created by the L migration of European dogs by way of their owners. STUMPY TAIL CATTLE DOG Because of this, many Australian dogs are more closely related to European breeds than any original Australian breeds. Recently, there have been attempts to domesti- cate the dingo breed as well. DINGO Key characteristics of Australian breeds include a medium size build, upright, pointed ears, and innate AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOG HALLS HEELER LANCASHIRE HEELER herding and working abilities. Welsh Corgi JACKAL AFRICAN WOLF ARI DOG S G O D N Source: touregypt.net A I African and Egyptian dogs have been linked to humans T as companion and working dogs for centuries. This P picture shows a cave painting of what scientists have recognized as an ancestor to the Basenji. Y G Egyptian hounds, similar to Greyhounds, have been E represented in tombs, temples and Egyptian artifacts. Mummified Egyptian hounds have also been found & buried in tombs with their owners. N Key characteristics of Egyptian and African breeds A include slim, narrow bodies, long, pointed ears, and C I extended snouts. EGYPTIAN HOUNDS IBEZAN HOUND ITALIAN GREYHOUND R F A L A C AFGHAN MUDHOL HOUND O L SALUKI MAHRATTA GREYHOUND CHIPPIPARAI AFRICAN HAIRLESS CHINESE CRESTED HAIRLESS SLOUGHI PHAROAH DOG BORZOI SILKEN WIND HOUND Scottish Deerhound DONGGYEONG SAPSSALI JINDO ASIAN WOLF JEJU S G XIASI DOG JAPANESE SPITZ O D N A I S LAHSA APSO KYI LEO Source: ancient.eu, miami.edu A Maltese L In Central Asia, dogs were mostly used as companions A with few breeds devoted to herding or hunting. Versions R of these breeds are frequently depicted in Chinese and T Japanese art because of their significance to their owners. Flat nosed breeds and petite breeds were most INDIA PARIAH DOG N common, especially in Asian royal families. Certain E breeds, such as the Tibetan Mastiff, are seen as status JAPANESE CHIN C symbols, and are sold for over $200,000 today. L Key characteristics of smaller Asian dogs include long A coats and flat faces. Some stockier Asian dogs, such as C the Shiba Inu, feature more Spitz-style characteristics. TRAVELING MONK DOG O L There are also mollasser and shepherd type breeds PUG originating around Asia. However, these breeds gained more significance in the Middle East and parts of India as working dogs. Key characteristics of larger Asian dogs include large HAPPA bodies and very thick coats. Some dogs from India TIBETAN TERRIER resemble Greyhounds, revealing a migratory connection between people and wolves from Africa to India. CHONGQING DOG PEKINGESE CHINESE IMPERIAL DOG SHIH TZU ZUCHON Bichon Frise TOSA BONEMOUTH DOG SHAR PEI SHIBA INU CHOW CHOW KAIKADI BAKHARWAL DOG RAJAPALAYAM GEORGIAN SHEPHERD CAUCASIAN SHEPHERD DOG KOMONDOR KOMBAI HOUND BULLY KUTTA CENTRAL ASIAN SHEPHERD EAST EUROPEAN SHEPHERD Sapsali Tibetan Mastiff Central Asian Shepherd TIBETAN MASTIFF TORNJAK Alaunt KOREAN MASTIFF LUNDEHUND EURASIAN WOLF Xisi Dog SPITZ NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND Chow Chow Source: pomeranianproject.com Though very dissimilar in appearance to ancestor wolves, the Spitz breed holds a very close genetic EAST SIBERIAN LAIKA connection. The larger ‘hund’ or Hound-Spitz dogs of Eastern Europe and Russia bear more of a resemblance. The smaller Spitz breeds are believed to have been bred down in size and domesticated following both wolf and human migrations across Europe and Asia. Many basal Asian dogs show Spitz characteristics. S SAMOYED ELO Key characteristics in Spitz include small, pointed ears, a EURASIER Chow Chow Central Asian Indian Spitz G fluffy, curled tail, and a thick, short coat. Shepherd Pomeranian O D N A DANISH SPITZ FINNISH SPITZ I S A R U POMERANIAN INDIAN SPITZ E ITALIAN SPITZ L A C O L VOLPINO ITALIANO KEESHOUND AMERICAN ESKIMO DOG AFFENPINSCHER Happa BUHUND SWEDISH LAPPHUND SWEDISH VALLHUND AMERICAN BULLY MOLLASSER POLISH TATRA SHEEPDOG MEXICAN BULLDOG CHAMUCO BULL TERRIER RAFERIO DO ALENTEJO Old English Terrier BULLENBEISSER Source: modernmolosser.com Mollossers are one of the oldest types of dogs, predat- CARPATHIAN SHEPHERD BULLMASTIFF ing any other type of breed. These undomesticated Tibetan Mastiff English Mastiff VILLANO DE LAS ENCARTEONES dogs roamed the mountains of Europe, harsh landscapes of Russia, and parts of the middle east. They have years of hunting, fighting and herding instincts bred into them. The Romans turned some Mollossers into guard dogs ALPINE MASTIFF FRENCH BULLDOG because of their large stature and violent appearance. SPANISH BULLDOG BOSTON TERRIER They were frequently used in war. Many were also used English Mastiff Pug in dog fights, a practice that still goes on today. Spanish Mastiff However, these breeds are usually gentle giants with kind temperaments. Key characteristics of Mollossers types include extremely large bodies, thick, rolling skin and short or BARBADO DE TERCERIA PITT BULL AMERICAN PITT BULL TERRIER cropped ears. English White Terrier LEAVITT BULLDOG CAO DE SERRA DE AIRES ENGLISH BULLDOG ALAUNT OLD ENGLISH BULLDOG AMERICAN BULLDOG BRACO ITALIANO ARIEGE POINTER BRAZILLIAN DOGO ROMANIAN MIORITIC SHEPHERD DOGO CUBANO ROTTWEILER BLACK RUSSIAN TERRIER AERDALE TERRIER LAKELAND TERRIER Caucasian Shepherd Fox Terrier Dog Schnauzer Newfoundland BERGAMASCO SHEPHERD PERRO DE PRESA CANARIO DOGUE DU BORDEUX IBERIAN MASTIFF CAO DE BOU Spanish Mastiff BROHOLMER ANATOLIAN SHEPHERD ESTRELA MNT. DOG AKITA Tosa ENGLISH MASTIFF SWINFORD BANDOG SPANISH MASTIFF FILA BRASLERIO CANE CORSO NEOPOLITAN MASTIFF LOTTATARE BRINDISNO KARAKACHAN DOG Rottweiler English White Terrier DALBO BOXER GUATAMALAN DOGO English Bulldog PULI PUMI SENNEHUNDS POLISH LOWLAND SHEEPDOG Central Asian Shepherd Tibetan Terrier MUDI KARELIAN BEAR DOG Source: akc.org Some Mollossers and Hounds were bred into Mountain Dogs or “Sennehunds”. These dogs were most preva- ALPINE SPANIEL ST. BERNARD MOSCOW WATER DOG lent in Eastern Europe and aided in saving mountain Alpine Mastiff Newfoundland climbers because of their sure footing, great sense of Tibetan Mastiff Tosa smell, and ancient tracking instincts. They were also Great Dane used as ‘nanny’ dogs for wealthier European families to protect their children. Key characteristics of Mountain Dogs include larger BAVARIAN MNT. HOUND bodies, thick double coats, and large bushy tails. CAREA CASTELLA NO MANCHEGO LEAUVENAAR BEGLIAN SHEPHERD GERMAN SHEHERD SHILOH SHEPHERD DUTCH SHEPHERD DOG SCHIPPERKE WHITE SHEPHERD SOUTH RUSSIAN OVARKA KUVASZ SLOVAC CUVAC HOVOWART BERNESE MNT. DOG Newfoundland Bernese Mountain Dog FARM DOGS BRIARD BERGER PICARD BEARDED COLLIE OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG Source: oldtimefarmshepherd.org Collies and Farm Dogs were bred to aid farmers in hearding livestock. These dogs were mostly used in Scotland, Ireland, England, and Australia where farming was essential. They have great hearing, smell, and eyesight and are extremely smart. SCOTCH COLLIE BORDER COLLIE NEW ZEALAND HERDING DOG Key characteristics in Collies and Farm Dogs include medium sized bodies, large ears, and long coats. BEUCERON SMOOTH COLLIE KOOLIE Halls Heeler ROUGH COLLE SHETLAND SHEEPDOG CANE DI OROPA King Charles Spaniel Pomeranian Volpino Italiano PEMBROKE WELSH CORGI CARDIGAN WELSH CORGI EUROPEAN WOLF HOUNDS TALBOT BEAGLE HARRIER BEAGLE HARRIER BEAGLIER Bloodhound Cavalier King Charles Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Greyhound Spaniel SCHILLERSTOAVARE DACHSHUND ALPINE DACHBRAKE TEDDY ROOSEVELT DOG Rat Terrier PORCELAINE Source: ancient.eu DALMATIAN AMERICAN HAIRLESS TERRIER Rat Terrier Hounds are almost as old as Mollossers, but developed Rajapalayam more directly through human intervention. Hounds are shown to have existed across Europe and Africa about 10,000 years ago. They have been domesticated into REDBONE COONHOUND specific types of breeds that accomplish certain tasks. Coonhound Some of the oldest hounds are called “Celtic Hounds”, developed in Scotland, Ireland and Wales. BLACK AND TAN TERRIER NORFOLK SPANIEL Hounds are particularly adept in their sense of smell and sight and were used for hunting. Many hounds also developed into retrievers: dogs who are