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Home , Affenpinscher, Alaunt, American bulldog, American Bully, American Eskimo Dog, American Foxhound

ANCESTRY GREY TAYMYR WOLF OF THE DOMESTIC : Domestic has been practiced for centuries across the A history of dog breeding entire globe. Ancestor , primarily the Grey Wolf and Taymyr Wolf, evolved, migrated, and bred into local specific to areas from ancient wolves to of certain countries. Local breeds, differentiated by the process of evolution an migration with little human intervention, bred into basal present pedigrees breeds. Humans then began to focus these breeds into specified

BREED Basal , no further breeding

Relation by selective Relation by selective BREED Basal breed, additional breeding pedigrees, and over time, became the modern breeds you see Direct Relation breeding breeding through BREED Alive migration BREED Subsequent breed, no further breeding Additional Relation BREED Extinct Relation by Migration BREED Subsequent breed, additional breeding around the world today. This ancestral tree charts the structure from wolf to modern breeds showing overlapping connections between Asia Eurasia Central/ South Source: www.pbs.org America evolution, wolf migration, and peoples’ migration.

WOLVES & CANIDS ANCIENT BREEDS BASAL BREEDS MODERN BREEDS Predate history 3000-1000 BC 1-1900 AD 1901-PRESENT S O G D A N R A L I T S U

KELPIE Source: sciencemag.org A L

C Many iterations of -type have been found in the aborigine cave paintings of Australia. However, many O of the uniquely Australian breeds were created by the L migration of European dogs by way of their owners. STUMPY TAIL DOG Because of this, many Australian dogs are more closely related to European breeds than any original Australian breeds. Recently, there have been attempts to domesti- cate the dingo breed as well.

DINGO Key characteristics of Australian breeds include a medium size build, upright, pointed ears, and innate HALLS HEELER herding and working abilities.

JACKAL

AFRICAN WOLF

ARI DOG S O G D

Source: touregypt.net A N African and Egyptian dogs have been linked to humans as companion and working dogs for centuries. This

P T I picture shows a cave painting of what scientists have recognized as an ancestor to the . Y

G Egyptian , similar to , have been E

represented in tombs, temples and Egyptian artifacts. Mummified Egyptian hounds have also been found & buried in tombs with their owners.

Key characteristics of Egyptian and African breeds A N include slim, narrow bodies, long, pointed ears, and C

I extended snouts. EGYPTIAN HOUNDS IBEZAN ITALIAN R A L F

AFGHAN MUDHOL HOUND O C L

SALUKI MAHRATTA GREYHOUND

CHIPPIPARAI AFRICAN HAIRLESS CHINESE CRESTED HAIRLESS

SLOUGHI PHAROAH DOG

BORZOI SILKEN WIND HOUND

Scottish Deerhound

DONGGYEONG

SAPSSALI

JINDO ASIAN WOLF JEJU S G XIASI DOG JAPANESE O D I A N

LAHSA APSO KYI LEO Source: ancient.eu, miami.edu A S Maltese

L In , dogs were mostly used as companions

A with few breeds devoted to herding . Versions

R of these breeds are frequently depicted in Chinese and Japanese art because of their significance to their owners. Flat nosed breeds and petite breeds were most PARIAH DOG N T common, especially in Asian royal families. Certain breeds, such as the Tibetan , are seen as status C E symbols, and are sold for over $200,000 today.

Key characteristics of smaller Asian dogs include long A L coats and flat faces. Some stockier Asian dogs, such as the , feature more Spitz-style characteristics. TRAVELING MONK DOG O C

L There are also mollasser and type breeds originating around Asia. However, these breeds gained more significance in the Middle East and parts of India as working dogs.

Key characteristics of larger Asian dogs include large HAPPA bodies and very thick coats. Some dogs from India TIBETAN resemble Greyhounds, revealing a migratory connection between people and wolves from Africa to India.

CHONGQING DOG

CHINESE IMPERIAL DOG ZUCHON

Bichon Frise

TOSA

BONEMOUTH DOG

SHIBA INU

CHOW CHOW

KAIKADI

BAKHARWAL DOG

RAJAPALAYAM

GEORGIAN SHEPHERD

CAUCASIAN SHEPHERD DOG

KOMONDOR

KOMBAI HOUND

BULLY KUTTA

CENTRAL ASIAN SHEPHERD EAST EUROPEAN SHEPHERD

Sapsali

Tibetan Mastiff

Central Asian Shepherd

TIBETAN MASTIFF

Alaunt

KOREAN MASTIFF

LUNDEHUND EURASIAN WOLF Xisi Dog

SPITZ

NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND

Chow Chow

Source: pomeranianproject.com Though very dissimilar in appearance to ancestor wolves, the Spitz breed holds a very close genetic EAST SIBERIAN connection. The larger ‘hund’ or Hound-Spitz dogs of Eastern Europe and more of a resemblance. The smaller Spitz breeds are believed to have been bred down in size and domesticated following both wolf and human migrations across Europe and Asia. Many basal Asian dogs show Spitz characteristics.

S SAMOYED ELO Key characteristics in Spitz include small, pointed ears, a Chow Chow Central Asian Indian Spitz G fluffy, curled tail, and a thick, short coat. Shepherd Pomeranian O D N

DANISH SPITZ I A S A R

U POMERANIAN INDIAN SPITZ ITALIAN SPITZ A L E C O

L

KEESHOUND

AMERICAN ESKIMO DOG

AFFENPINSCHER

Happa

BUHUND

SWEDISH VALLHUND

AMERICAN

MOLLASSER POLISH TATRA SHEEPDOG

MEXICAN CHAMUCO

BULL TERRIER RAFERIO DO ALENTEJO Terrier

Source: modernmolosser.com

Mollossers are one of the oldest types of dogs, predat- CARPATHIAN SHEPHERD

ing any other type of breed. These undomesticated Tibetan Mastiff VILLANO DE LAS ENCARTEONES dogs roamed the mountains of Europe, harsh landscapes of Russia, and parts of the middle east. They have years of hunting, fighting and herding instincts bred into them.

The Romans turned some Mollossers into guard dogs ALPINE MASTIFF because of their large stature and violent appearance. SPANISH BULLDOG They were frequently used in war. Many were also used English Mastiff Pug in dog fights, a practice that still goes on today. However, these breeds are usually gentle giants with kind temperaments.

Key characteristics of Mollossers types include extremely large bodies, thick, rolling skin and short or BARBADO DE TERCERIA PITT BULL AMERICAN PITT cropped ears. English White Terrier

LEAVITT BULLDOG CAO DE SERRA DE AIRES ENGLISH BULLDOG

ALAUNT

BRACO ITALIANO ARIEGE BRAZILLIAN DOGO

ROMANIAN MIORITIC SHEPHERD DOGO CUBANO

ROTTWEILER AERDALE TERRIER

Caucasian Shepherd Dog

Schnauzer

Newfoundland

BERGAMASCO SHEPHERD

PERRO DE

DOGUE DU BORDEUX

IBERIAN MASTIFF CAO DE BOU Spanish Mastiff

BROHOLMER ANATOLIAN SHEPHERD

ESTRELA MNT. DOG

Tosa

ENGLISH MASTIFF

SWINFORD BANDOG

SPANISH MASTIFF

FILA BRASLERIO

CANE CORSO NEOPOLITAN MASTIFF

LOTTATARE BRINDISNO

English White Terrier

DALBO

BOXER GUATAMALAN DOGO

English Bulldog

PULI PUMI SENNEHUNDS Central Asian Shepherd

MUDI

Source: akc.org

Some Mollossers and Hounds were bred into Mountain Dogs or “Sennehunds”. These dogs were most preva- ALPINE ST. BERNARD MOSCOW lent in Eastern Europe and aided in saving mountain Alpine Mastiff Newfoundland climbers because of their sure footing, great sense of Tibetan Mastiff Tosa smell, and ancient instincts. They were also used as ‘nanny’ dogs for wealthier European families to protect their children.

Key characteristics of Mountain Dogs include larger BAVARIAN MNT. HOUND bodies, thick double coats, and large bushy tails.

CAREA CASTELLA NO MANCHEGO

LEAUVENAAR BEGLIAN SHEPHERD

GERMAN SHEHERD SHILOH SHEPHERD

DUTCH SHEPHERD DOG

SCHIPPERKE

SOUTH RUSSIAN OVARKA

KUVASZ SLOVAC CUVAC

HOVOWART

BERNESE MNT. DOG Newfoundland

Bernese Mountain Dog

FARM DOGS

BERGER PICARD

BEARDED Source: oldtimefarmshepherd.org and Farm Dogs were bred to aid farmers in hearding . These dogs were mostly used in Scotland, , , and Australia where farming was essential. They have great hearing, smell, and eyesight and are extremely smart. SCOTCH COLLIE Key characteristics in Collies and Farm Dogs include medium sized bodies, large ears, and long coats.

BEUCERON

Halls Heeler

ROUGH COLLE SHEEPDOG

CANE DI OROPA

Pomeranian

Volpino Italiano

PEMBROKE WELSH CORGI

EUROPEAN WOLF

HOUNDS

TALBOT BEAGLE HARRIER BEAGLIER Cavalier King Charles Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Greyhound Spaniel

SCHILLERSTOAVARE ALPINE DACHBRAKE TEDDY ROOSEVELT DOG

Rat Terrier

PORCELAINE

Source: ancient.eu AMERICAN HAIRLESS TERRIER Hounds are almost as old as Mollossers, but developed Rajapalayam more directly through human intervention. Hounds are shown to have existed across Europe and Africa about 10,000 years ago. They have been domesticated into REDBONE specific types of breeds that accomplish certain tasks. Coonhound Some of the oldest hounds are called “Celtic Hounds”, developed in Scotland, Ireland and Wales. NORFOLK SPANIEL Hounds are particularly adept in their and sight and were used for hunting. Many hounds also developed into : dogs who are skilled in swim- ming and retrieving in water. Others accompa- nied royalty in vast hunting exhibitions. Hunters would shoot their prey and the dogs would run out to find the ISTRIAN

dead animals. Because of this need, many hounds have St. John’s Water Dog thin, upright tails which hunters used to more clearly identify where their dogs were, and therefor, where their prey had landed.

Because there are so many kinds of hounds there is no OLD ENGLISH TERRIER IRISH one set of characteristics which define them except for VISZLA their amazing senses and hunting/sporting instincts. Many hounds do have large ears which graze the ground allowing them to pick up smells quickly and direct them, and long tails.

ENGLISH SETTER ENGLISH /POINTERS

OLD DANISH POINTER TRANSLYVANIAN HOUND

SLOVAK ROUGH COATED POINTER GERMAN POINTER Weimeraner

KERRY BEAGLE

PUDELPOINTER

Poodle

ST. JOHN’S WATER DOG CHESAPEAK BAY NOVA SCOTIA DUCK TOLLING RETRIEVER

Flat Coated Retriever

Irish Setter Greyhound

RUSSIAN TRACKER

St. John’s Water Dog Poodle

SCHNAUZER GREAT DANE DUTCH SMOUSHOUND

LOGOTTO ROMAGNOLO MINIATURE SCHANUZER SCHNOODLE

Affenpinscher Poodle

Miniature Poodle

MUNSTERLANDER

SOUTHERN HOUND GREYHOUND CHILEAN TERRIER Great Dane Greyhound Fox Terrier Beagle

Fox Terrier

IRISH WOLFHOUND BOUVIER DE FLANDERS

Greyhound RATANERO BODEGA ANDALUZ

GERMAN STAGHOUND Greyhound

PORTUGUESE WATER DOG

AMERICAN FOXHOUND

Fox Terrier POODLE HAVANESE

Bichon Frise

Tibetan Terrier

TRIGG HOUND

MINIATURE POODLE CAVAPOO

ST. HUBERT’S HOUND Miniature Schanuzer BRUNO JURA HOUND Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

POOCON

BASSETT HOUND Bichon Frise

YORKIPOO BLOODHOUND Yorkishire Terrier

GRAND BLEU DE GASCONE

GREATER SWISS MNT. DOG

WEIMERANER

Doberman Pinscher

LABRADOR RETRIEVER

Poodle

TERRIERS & RATTERS DOBERMAN PINSCHER Greyhound

Rottweiler

Beauceron

German Pinscher

St. John’s Water Dog

ENGLISH TOY TERRIER SKY TERRIER PAISLEY TERRIER St. John’s Water Dog Iliatalian Greyhound

WHIPPET Egyptian hounds MAJORCA

Source: akc.org

Terriers have been used for centuries to kill or find small prey. They were grouped into three general catagories: , Terriers, and Ratters. Silky Terrier GLENN OF IMAAL TERRIER Ratters were dogs adept in finding and killing rats in homes, ships, and businesses. Because of their short coats and small bodies they are easily able to fit into smaller spaces where rodents can hide. They are also very fast and have a keen sense of smell. They usually have flatter coats than Terriers and Spaniels.

IRISH TERRIER NORWHICH TERRIER Terriers are very similar to Ratters in function. However, they tend to have longer coats and serve more as a for slightly larger rather than rodents. Grifon type Terriers have wiry coats while Bichon types have fluffy, curly coats.

Spanyels or Spaniels are a type of terrier that was bred directly in , hence the name “Spaniel”. They tend to ENGLISH WHITE TERRIER WEST HIGHLAND TERRIER have curly or wavy coats and large ears. They were also Cairn Terrier used as hunting dogs, similarly to hounds. Many Span- iels were bred into smaller lapdogs, like the King Charles Spaniel, and accompanied royalty.

SEALYHAM TERRIER WHEATON TERRIER

FOX TERRIER GOS RATER VALENCIA

RAT TERRIER AMERICAN RAT TERRIER

DANDIE DINMONT TERRIER

GRIFON GRAND BASSETT GRIFON VANDEEN

JACK RUSSELL TERRIER

BEDLINGTING TERRIER BRUSSLES GRIFON

AMERICAN STAFFORDSHIRE TERRIER

OTTERHOUND

BORDER TERRIER

LOWCHEN

BICHON BICHON FRISE

BOLANKA SILKY TERRIER

BOLOGNESE MALTESE MALTIPOO

Miniature Poodle

FRENCH SPANIEL PAPILLON

EUROPEAN SPANYEL KING CHARLES SPANIEL ST.USUGE SPANIEL Brussels Grifon

English Cocker Spaniel

ENGLISH SPRINGER SPANIEL COCKAPOO

Miniature Poodle

RUSSIAN SPANIEL

GORDON SETTER SPANIEL

Irish Setter

ENGLISH WATER SPANIEL BLUE

English Setter

CURLY COATED RETRIEVER

English Setter

CAROLINA DOG

FLAT COATED RETRIEVER

English Setter

NEWFOUNDLAND NORTH AMERICAN WOLF Mollassers St. Bernard

GREENLAND DOG

ICELANDIC SHEEPDOG

European Spitz

Source: history.org, akc.org SIBERIAN NORTHERN DOG European Spitz North American dogs are a large mix of breeds resulting from the colonization and migration of people. Wolves

While the Dog and Thaltan Bear Dog stem S from North American wolf and European wolf ancestors,

G North American hounds are a combination of KLEE KLAI (migrating from Asia to North ALASKAN HUSKY Alaskan Husky O America) and local treeing dogs. D

American Eskimo Dog Modern husky breeds all stem their wolf cousins. They N greatly resemble wolves and were interbred with wolves A throughout their domestication process. They are also LABRADOR HUSKY C adept in sled pulling and hunting large game such as I and . SAKHALIN HUSKY Labrador Retriever

R Tosa

Wolves E Key characteristics of this breed include a warm thick coat, upright ears, and a keen instinct for working in cold M climates. A Other “original” American dogs were bred from breeds H that came over with European colonizers. Many directly

T resemble their European ancestors with little differentia- German Shepherd R tion in appearance. Dog breeding in America closely

O followed European culture as breeds began to form not for function, but for aesthetic qualities. In 1884, the N

American was founded and has been dedicated to identifying both ancient and modern pure

A L breeds today. TAMASKAN DOG

Siberian Husky

O C German Shepherd L

TALTHAN BEAR DOG

AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD MINI.

TEXAS HEELER

Halls Heeler BLACK & TAN VIRGINIA FOXHOUND

COONHOUND BLUE TICK COONHOUND

Greyhound

MAJESTIC TREE HOUND CATAHOULA BULLDOG

American Bulldog SALISH WOOL DOG

CURS CATAHOULA CUR

HAWAIIAN POI DOG

MOUNTAIN CUR

TREEING TENESSEE MEXICAN WOLF

TECHICHI CHIRIBAYA

Source: nationalgeographic.com PERUVIAN HAIRLESS Central and South American breeds have blurred origins Egyptian hounds because there is little written record of breed history. Most evidence comes from artifacts in Peruvian and Inca cultures. They show type dogs, usually hairless, used as companions but also as a connection S to their gods and beliefs. These dogs were also found

G carefully mummified in tombs, similar to dogs in ancient CHIHUAHUA BRAZILLIAN TERRIER

O Egypt, which reveals a deep connection owners had with these canines. Miniature Pincher

D

Chihuahua’s and Hairless dogs have similar characteris- N tics to ancient Egyptian hounds. They have small bodies A and large ears with very thin fur or hair. Though there is C no blood connection, Central American dogs bear I similar resemblance to hairless African dogs. Modern R central American breeds stem from European coloniza-

E tion: mixing local dogs with European breeds.

ALCO MEXICAN HAIRLESS ECUADORIAN HAIRLESS A M

L R A T N MAGENLLAN SHEEPDOG E C

L A C O L

Sources: www.akc.org, www.justdogbreeds.com