Dog Breeds - Volume 5

A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents

1 Russell Terrier 1 1.1 History ...... 1 1.1.1 Breed development in England and Australia ...... 1 1.1.2 The Russell Terrier in the U.S.A...... 2 1.1.3 More ...... 2 1.2 References ...... 2 1.3 External links ...... 3

2 Saarloos wolfdog 4 2.1 History ...... 4 2.2 Size and appearance ...... 4 2.3 See also ...... 4 2.4 References ...... 4 2.5 External links ...... 4

3 Sabueso Español 5 3.1 History ...... 5 3.2 Appearance ...... 5 3.3 Use ...... 7 3.4 Fictional Spanish Hounds ...... 8 3.5 References ...... 8 3.6 External links ...... 8

4 Saint-Usuge Spaniel 9 4.1 History ...... 9 4.2 Description ...... 9 4.2.1 Temperament ...... 10 4.3 References ...... 10 4.4 External links ...... 10

5 Sakhalin Husky 11 5.1 Appearance ...... 11 5.2 History ...... 11 5.2.1 Antarctic expedition ...... 11

i ii CONTENTS

5.3 The Sakhalin Huskies of the 1957-1958 Japanese Expedition ...... 12 5.4 References ...... 12 5.5 External links ...... 12

6 Saluki 13 6.1 Description ...... 13 6.2 Temperament ...... 13 6.3 Health ...... 14 6.4 History ...... 15 6.4.1 Introduction into the West ...... 18 6.5 References ...... 19 6.6 External links ...... 21

7 Samoyed (dog) 26 7.1 Appearance ...... 26 7.1.1 Size ...... 27 7.1.2 Eyes ...... 27 7.1.3 Ears ...... 27 7.1.4 Tail ...... 27 7.1.5 Coat ...... 27 7.2 Temperament ...... 27 7.3 Activities ...... 28 7.4 Health ...... 28 7.4.1 Genetic diversity ...... 28 7.4.2 Samoyed Hereditary Glomerulopathy ...... 28 7.4.3 Other health concerns ...... 29 7.5 History ...... 30 7.6 Use of fur ...... 31 7.7 Famous Samoyeds ...... 31 7.8 References ...... 33 7.9 Further reading ...... 34 7.10 External links ...... 34

8 Sapsali 35 8.1 Description ...... 35 8.1.1 Appearance ...... 35 8.1.2 Temperament ...... 35 8.1.3 Height and weight ...... 35 8.2 History ...... 35 8.3 See also ...... 36 8.4 References ...... 36 8.5 External links ...... 36 CONTENTS iii

9 Šarplaninac 37 9.1 Appearance ...... 37 9.1.1 Size ...... 37 9.1.2 Coat ...... 37 9.1.3 Colour ...... 37 9.2 Temperament ...... 37 9.2.1 Working life ...... 39 9.3 See also ...... 41 9.4 Notes ...... 41 9.5 References ...... 41 9.6 External links ...... 41

10 Schapendoes 42 10.1 History ...... 42 10.2 Appearance ...... 42 10.3 Temperament ...... 42 10.4 Health ...... 44 10.5 See also ...... 44 10.6 References ...... 44 10.7 External links ...... 44

11 Schillerstövare 45 11.1 Appearance ...... 45 11.2 History ...... 45 11.3 Health and temperament ...... 45 11.4 References ...... 45 11.5 External links ...... 45

12 Schipperke 46 12.1 Description ...... 46 12.2 Health ...... 47 12.3 Grooming ...... 47 12.4 History ...... 47 12.5 See also ...... 48 12.6 References ...... 48 12.7 External links ...... 49

13 Standard Schnauzer 50 13.1 History ...... 50 13.2 Appearance ...... 51 13.3 Care ...... 52 13.3.1 Grooming ...... 52 13.3.2 Docking and cropping ...... 53 iv CONTENTS

13.4 Temperament ...... 53 13.5 Health ...... 54 13.6 Famous Schnauzers ...... 56 13.7 See also ...... 56 13.8 References ...... 56 13.9 External links ...... 57

14 Schweizer Laufhund 58 14.1 History ...... 58 14.2 Appearance ...... 58 14.3 External links ...... 58

15 Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund 60 15.1 Appearance ...... 60 15.2 History ...... 60 15.3 References ...... 60 15.4 External links ...... 60

16 Scotch Collie 61 16.1 History of Rough and Smooth Collies ...... 61 16.1.1 Origin ...... 61 16.1.2 Breed Standards ...... 62 16.2 Coat Colours ...... 62 16.3 Health ...... 63 16.4 Temperament ...... 64 16.5 Famous Scottish Collies ...... 65 16.6 See also ...... 66 16.7 References ...... 66 16.8 External links ...... 66

17 Scottish Deerhound 67 17.1 History ...... 67 17.2 Description ...... 67 17.3 Temperament ...... 68 17.4 Health ...... 69 17.5 Miscellaneous ...... 69 17.6 Notable deerhounds ...... 69 17.7 See also ...... 70 17.8 References ...... 70 17.9 Further reading ...... 70 17.10External links ...... 71

18 Scottish Terrier 72 CONTENTS v

18.1 Description ...... 72 18.1.1 Appearance ...... 72 18.1.2 Coat ...... 72 18.1.3 Temperament ...... 75 18.2 Health ...... 75 18.2.1 Cancer in Scottish Terriers ...... 76 18.2.2 Scottie cramp ...... 76 18.2.3 Craniomandibular osteopathy ...... 76 18.2.4 von Willebrand's disease ...... 76 18.3 History ...... 77 18.4 Famous Scotties and popular culture ...... 80 18.5 See also ...... 81 18.6 References ...... 81 18.7 External links ...... 83

19 Sealyham Terrier 84 19.1 History ...... 84 19.2 Appearance ...... 87 19.3 Temperament ...... 87 19.4 Health ...... 88 19.5 References ...... 88 19.6 External links ...... 90

20 Segugio Italiano 91 20.1 Appearance ...... 91 20.2 Utilization ...... 91 20.3 References ...... 91 20.4 External links ...... 91

21 Seppala Siberian Sleddog 93 21.1 Description ...... 93 21.1.1 Appearance ...... 93 21.1.2 Temperament ...... 94 21.2 History ...... 94 21.3 References ...... 94 21.4 External links ...... 94

22 Serbian Hound 96 22.1 History ...... 96 22.2 Standard ...... 96 22.3 Temperament ...... 97 22.4 See also ...... 97 22.5 References ...... 97 vi CONTENTS

23 Serbian Tricolour Hound 98 23.1 History ...... 98 23.2 Standard ...... 98 23.3 Temperament ...... 99 23.4 See also ...... 99 23.5 References ...... 100

24 Seskar Seal Dog 101 24.1 Appearance ...... 101 24.2 Behavior ...... 101 24.3 History ...... 101 24.4 References ...... 101

25 Shar Pei 102 25.1 Description ...... 102 25.1.1 Appearance ...... 103 25.1.2 Temperament ...... 105 25.2 Health ...... 106 25.3 History ...... 107 25.4 See also ...... 108 25.5 References ...... 109 25.6 External links ...... 109

26 Shetland Sheepdog 112 26.1 History ...... 112 26.2 Description ...... 112 26.2.1 Coat and colors ...... 113 26.2.2 Height and weight ...... 115 26.2.3 Ears ...... 115 26.2.4 Grooming ...... 115 26.3 Temperament ...... 117 26.4 Health ...... 118 26.4.1 Eyes ...... 120 26.4.2 Breeding ...... 120 26.4.3 MDR1 Gene Mutation ...... 120 26.5 Working life ...... 121 26.5.1 Activities ...... 121 26.6 Famous Shetland Sheepdogs ...... 121 26.7 See also ...... 121 26.8 References ...... 121 26.9 External links ...... 123

27 Shiba Inu 128 CONTENTS vii

27.1 Etymology ...... 128 27.2 Description ...... 129 27.2.1 Appearance ...... 129 27.2.2 Temperament ...... 130 27.3 History ...... 131 27.4 Health ...... 132 27.4.1 Life span ...... 133 27.4.2 Grooming ...... 133 27.5 See also ...... 134 27.6 References ...... 134 27.7 External links ...... 135

28 Shih Tzu 136 28.1 Appearance ...... 136 28.2 Temperament ...... 137 28.3 Coat colours and quality ...... 137 28.4 Etymology ...... 137 28.5 History ...... 138 28.6 Health ...... 139 28.6.1 Hypothyroidism ...... 140 28.6.2 Intervertebral Disk Disease ...... 140 28.6.3 Breathing problems ...... 140 28.6.4 Health issues ...... 141 28.6.5 Life span ...... 141 28.7 Variations ...... 141 28.7.1 Kennel club differences ...... 141 28.8 References ...... 143 28.9 External links ...... 145

29 Shikoku (dog) 146 29.1 Comparison to other Japanese breeds ...... 146 29.2 Characteristics and temperament ...... 146 29.3 Varieties ...... 147 29.4 Health ...... 148 29.5 In popular culture ...... 148 29.6 See also ...... 148 29.7 References ...... 148 29.8 External links ...... 148

30 Shiloh Shepherd Dog 149 30.1 Characteristics ...... 149 30.1.1 Appearance ...... 149 viii CONTENTS

30.1.2 Temperament ...... 150 30.2 Health ...... 150 30.3 Titling and competition ...... 150 30.4 History ...... 152 30.5 References ...... 153 30.6 External links ...... 153 30.6.1 Registries ...... 153 30.6.2 Clubs ...... 154 30.6.3 Rescue ...... 154

31 Siberian Husky 155 31.1 History ...... 155 31.2 Description ...... 157 31.2.1 Coat ...... 158 31.2.2 Eyes ...... 158 31.2.3 Nose ...... 158 31.2.4 Tail ...... 159 31.2.5 Size ...... 159 31.2.6 Behavior ...... 159 31.3 Health ...... 160 31.4 Famous Siberians ...... 160 31.5 See also ...... 163 31.6 References ...... 163 31.7 External links ...... 164

32 Silken Windhound 165 32.1 Description ...... 165 32.1.1 Appearance ...... 165 32.1.2 Temperament ...... 166 32.2 Training ...... 166 32.3 Health ...... 166 32.4 History ...... 167 32.5 Event Venues ...... 167 32.6 See also ...... 168 32.7 References ...... 170 32.8 External links ...... 170

33 Sinhala Hound 171 33.1 See also ...... 171 33.2 Notes ...... 171 33.3 References ...... 171

34 Skye Terrier 172 CONTENTS ix

34.1 Appearance ...... 172 34.1.1 Coat ...... 173 34.1.2 Colour ...... 173 34.1.3 Types ...... 173 34.2 Upkeep ...... 173 34.3 Health ...... 174 34.4 History ...... 174 34.5 Under threat ...... 175 34.6 See also ...... 175 34.7 References ...... 175 34.8 External links ...... 176

35 Sloughi 177 35.1 Description ...... 177 35.1.1 Appearance ...... 177 35.1.2 Temperament ...... 177 35.2 Health ...... 177 35.3 History ...... 178 35.4 Notes ...... 178 35.5 References ...... 178 35.6 External links ...... 179

36 Slovak Cuvac 180 36.1 History ...... 180 36.2 Description ...... 180 36.2.1 Appearance ...... 181 36.2.2 Height and weight ...... 181 36.2.3 Temperament ...... 181 36.3 Care ...... 181 36.4 References ...... 181 36.5 External links ...... 181

37 Slovak Rough-haired Pointer 182 37.1 Origin ...... 182 37.2 Appearance ...... 183 37.3 References ...... 183 37.4 See also ...... 183

38 Slovenský kopov 184 38.1 Appearance ...... 184 38.2 Temperament ...... 184 38.3 History and use ...... 184 38.4 Recognition ...... 184 x CONTENTS

38.5 See also ...... 185 38.6 References ...... 185 38.7 External links ...... 185

39 Smaland Hound 186 39.1 History ...... 186 39.2 Description ...... 186 39.3 Temperament ...... 187 39.4 Health ...... 187 39.5 References ...... 187 39.6 External links ...... 187

40 Small Greek Domestic Dog 188 40.1 History and etymology ...... 188 40.2 Appearance ...... 188 40.2.1 Coat ...... 188 40.2.2 Tail ...... 188 40.2.3 Eyes ...... 189 40.2.4 Muzzle, nose and jaws ...... 189 40.3 Temperament ...... 189 40.3.1 Health ...... 189 40.4 In popular culture ...... 190 40.5 References ...... 190 40.6 External links ...... 190

41 Irish Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier 191 41.1 History ...... 191 41.2 Appearance ...... 191 41.3 Health ...... 192 41.4 Temperament ...... 193 41.5 References ...... 193 41.6 External links ...... 194

42 South Russian Ovcharka 195 42.1 See also ...... 195 42.2 References ...... 196 42.3 External links ...... 196

43 Southern Hound 197 43.1 Notes ...... 197 43.2 References ...... 198

44 Spanish Mastiff 199 44.1 Appearance ...... 199 CONTENTS xi

44.2 Temperament ...... 200 44.3 Exercise ...... 200 44.4 See also ...... 200 44.5 Notes ...... 201

45 Spanish Water Dog 202 45.1 Description ...... 202 45.1.1 Appearance ...... 202 45.2 Temperament ...... 203 45.3 Grooming ...... 203 45.4 Health ...... 204 45.5 History ...... 205 45.5.1 Revival of the breed ...... 206 45.6 References ...... 207 45.7 Bibliography ...... 207 45.8 External links ...... 207

46 Spinone Italiano 210 46.1 Description ...... 210 46.1.1 Appearance ...... 210 46.1.2 Temperament ...... 212 46.2 Health ...... 212 46.2.1 Life expectancy ...... 212 46.2.2 Known medical issues ...... 212 46.3 History ...... 214 46.4 Notes ...... 215 46.5 See also ...... 215 46.6 References ...... 215 46.6.1 Books ...... 215

47 Sporting Lucas Terrier 216 47.1 Appearance ...... 216 47.2 History ...... 216 47.3 Recognition ...... 216 47.4 See also ...... 216 47.5 References ...... 217 47.6 Further reading ...... 217

48 St. Bernard (dog) 218 48.1 Appearance ...... 218 48.2 History ...... 219 48.2.1 Naming ...... 221 48.2.2 Related breeds ...... 221 xii CONTENTS

48.2.3 Kennel Club recognition ...... 221 48.3 Modern activities - Great St Bernard Pass ...... 221 48.4 Health ...... 223 48.4.1 Temperament ...... 223 48.5 Notability ...... 223 48.5.1 Record size ...... 223 48.5.2 In media ...... 223 48.5.3 Famous St. Bernards ...... 225 48.5.4 Legends ...... 227 48.6 See also ...... 228 48.7 Bibliography ...... 228 48.7.1 Footnotes ...... 228 48.7.2 References ...... 228 48.8 External links ...... 229

49 St. John's water dog 230 49.1 History ...... 230 49.2 Appearance and characteristics ...... 230 49.3 Extinction ...... 231 49.4 References ...... 231

50 Stabyhoun 235 50.1 History ...... 235 50.1.1 Origins ...... 235 50.1.2 The working Stabyhoun ...... 236 50.2 Description ...... 237 50.2.1 Temperament ...... 237 50.2.2 Appearance ...... 237 50.3 Health ...... 239 50.3.1 Care ...... 239 50.3.2 Breeding ...... 240 50.4 Further reading ...... 241 50.5 References ...... 241 50.6 External links ...... 241

51 Staffordshire Bull Terrier 242 51.1 Description ...... 242 51.1.1 Appearance ...... 242 51.1.2 Temperament ...... 242 51.1.3 Affinity with people ...... 243 51.1.4 Breed-specific legislation ...... 243 51.2 History ...... 243 CONTENTS xiii

51.3 Breeding ...... 245 51.3.1 England ...... 245 51.4 Health ...... 245 51.5 See also ...... 246 51.6 References ...... 246 51.7 External links ...... 247

52 Stephens Cur 248 52.1 History ...... 248 52.2 Description ...... 248 52.3 References ...... 248

53 Styrian Coarse-haired Hound 250 53.1 Appearance ...... 250 53.2 History ...... 250 53.3 Recognition ...... 250 53.4 Related breeds ...... 251 53.5 See also ...... 251 53.6 References ...... 251 53.7 External links ...... 251

54 Sussex Spaniel 252 54.1 Description ...... 252 54.2 Temperament ...... 253 54.3 Health ...... 253 54.3.1 Intervertebral disc syndrome ...... 255 54.4 History ...... 255 54.5 References ...... 256 54.6 External links ...... 256

55 Swedish Lapphund 257 55.1 History ...... 257 55.2 Today ...... 257 55.3 See also ...... 258 55.4 References ...... 258

56 Swedish Vallhund 259 56.1 Etymology ...... 259 56.2 Description ...... 260 56.2.1 Color and coat ...... 260 56.3 History ...... 261 56.4 Gallery ...... 262 56.5 References ...... 262 xiv CONTENTS

56.6 Further reading ...... 262 56.7 External links ...... 262

57 Tahltan Bear Dog 263 57.1 Appearance ...... 263 57.1.1 Coat and colour ...... 263 57.2 History ...... 263 57.3 References ...... 264 57.4 External links ...... 264

58 Taigan 265 58.1 Origin and history ...... 265 58.2 Appearance ...... 266 58.3 Use and activity ...... 266 58.4 References ...... 266 58.5 External links ...... 266

59 Talbot (dog) 267 59.1 History ...... 267 59.2 Cultural legacy ...... 268 59.3 References ...... 268 59.4 External links ...... 270

60 Tamaskan Dog 271 60.1 Description ...... 271 60.2 Health ...... 271 60.3 History ...... 271 60.3.1 Breed Clubs ...... 271 60.4 Famous Tamaskan Dogs ...... 272 60.5 References ...... 275 60.6 External links ...... 275

61 Teddy Roosevelt Terrier 276 61.1 Breed history ...... 276 61.2 Appearance ...... 277 61.3 Common characteristics ...... 278 61.4 Health problems ...... 278 61.5 Footnotes ...... 279 61.6 References ...... 280 61.7 External links ...... 280

62 Telomian 281 62.1 History ...... 281 62.2 Characteristics ...... 281 CONTENTS xv

62.3 See also ...... 281 62.4 References ...... 281

63 Treeing Tennessee Brindle 283 63.1 History ...... 283 63.2 Description ...... 283 63.2.1 Appearance ...... 283 63.2.2 Temperament ...... 283 63.3 References ...... 283

64 Tenterfield Terrier 285 64.1 Appearance ...... 285 64.2 History ...... 285 64.2.1 Breed development ...... 287 64.3 Health and temperament ...... 287 64.4 See also ...... 287 64.5 References ...... 287

65 Terceira Mastiff 288 65.1 History ...... 288 65.2 Appearance ...... 288 65.3 References ...... 288

66 Thai Bangkaew Dog 289 66.1 Appearance ...... 289 66.2 History ...... 289 66.3 Health and temperament ...... 289 66.4 Sources ...... 290 66.5 External links ...... 290

67 Thai Ridgeback 291 67.1 Appearance ...... 291 67.2 Health ...... 291 67.2.1 Temperament ...... 292 67.3 Genetics ...... 292 67.3.1 Ridge ...... 292 67.3.2 Color ...... 293 67.4 History ...... 294 67.5 See also ...... 295 67.6 References ...... 295 67.7 External links ...... 295

68 Tibetan Mastiff 296 68.1 Names and etymology ...... 296 xvi CONTENTS

68.2 Description ...... 296 68.2.1 Appearance ...... 296 68.2.2 Temperament ...... 299 68.3 Health ...... 300 68.4 History ...... 302 68.5 Gallery ...... 304 68.6 Popular culture ...... 304 68.7 See also ...... 304 68.8 References ...... 304 68.9 External links ...... 305

69 Tibetan Spaniel 306 69.1 Description ...... 306 69.1.1 Appearance ...... 306 69.1.2 Temperament ...... 306 69.2 History ...... 307 69.2.1 Tibet ...... 307 69.2.2 Western World ...... 308 69.2.3 Genetic History ...... 308 69.3 Health ...... 308 69.3.1 Progressive retinal atrophy ...... 308 69.3.2 Portosystemic shunt ...... 309 69.3.3 Other issues ...... 309 69.4 See also ...... 310 69.5 References ...... 310 69.6 External links ...... 311

70 Tibetan Terrier 312 70.1 History ...... 312 70.2 Description ...... 313 70.2.1 Appearance ...... 313 70.2.2 Temperament ...... 315 70.3 Activities ...... 315 70.4 Health ...... 316 70.5 See also ...... 317 70.6 References ...... 317 70.7 External links ...... 317

71 Tornjak 318 71.1 Appearance ...... 318 71.2 Temperament ...... 319 71.3 History ...... 320 CONTENTS xvii

71.4 Activities ...... 321 71.5 Care ...... 322 71.6 References ...... 322 71.7 External links ...... 322

72 Tosa (dog) 324 72.1 Appearance ...... 324 72.2 History ...... 324 72.3 Legal matters ...... 324 72.4 See also ...... 326 72.5 References ...... 326 72.6 Further reading ...... 327 72.7 External links ...... 327

73 Toy Bulldog 328 73.1 References ...... 328

74 Toy Fox Terrier 329 74.1 Description ...... 329 74.1.1 Appearance ...... 329 74.1.2 Temperament ...... 329 74.2 Grooming ...... 329 74.2.1 Oral ...... 329 74.3 About ...... 330 74.4 History ...... 330 74.5 See also ...... 331 74.6 References ...... 331 74.7 External links ...... 331

75 Toy Manchester Terrier 332 75.1 History ...... 332 75.2 Appearance ...... 332 75.2.1 Black and Tan ...... 332 75.3 Similar breeds ...... 333 75.4 See also ...... 333 75.5 References ...... 333

76 Toy Trawler Spaniel 334 76.1 History ...... 334 76.2 Description ...... 335 76.3 References ...... 335

77 Transylvanian Hound 336 77.1 History ...... 336 xviii CONTENTS

77.2 Description ...... 336 77.2.1 Appearance and weight ...... 337 77.2.2 Behavior and temperament ...... 337 77.3 References ...... 337 77.4 External links ...... 337

78 Treeing Cur 338 78.1 Description ...... 338 78.1.1 Appearance ...... 338 78.2 External links ...... 338 78.3 References ...... 338

79 Treeing Walker Coonhound 339 79.1 Description ...... 339 79.2 Temperament as a pet ...... 339 79.2.1 Diet and housebreaking ...... 342 79.3 Hunting ...... 343 79.4 See also ...... 343 79.5 External links ...... 343 79.6 References ...... 343

80 Trigg Hound 348 80.1 History ...... 348 80.2 Description ...... 349 80.2.1 Appearance ...... 349 80.2.2 Temperament ...... 349 80.3 References ...... 349

81 Tweed Water Spaniel 350 81.1 History ...... 350 81.2 Appearance and temperament ...... 350 81.3 Legacy ...... 351 81.3.1 Golden Retriever ...... 351 81.3.2 Curly Coated Retriever ...... 351 81.4 References ...... 352

82 Tyrolean Hound 353 82.1 Description ...... 353 82.2 History ...... 353 82.3 References ...... 353

83 Cimarrón Uruguayo 354 83.1 Appearance ...... 354 83.2 Temperament ...... 354 CONTENTS xix

83.3 History ...... 354 83.4 Health ...... 355 83.5 See also ...... 355 83.6 References ...... 355 83.7 External links ...... 355

84 Vanjari Hound 356

85 Villano de las Encartaciones 357 85.1 References ...... 357

86 Vizsla 358 86.1 Description ...... 358 86.1.1 Appearance ...... 359 86.1.2 Temperament ...... 360 86.2 Health ...... 361 86.3 History ...... 362 86.3.1 Vizsla in the UK ...... 362 86.3.2 Vizsla in the U.S...... 362 86.4 In popular culture ...... 364 86.5 See also ...... 364 86.6 References ...... 365 86.7 Further reading ...... 366 86.8 External links ...... 366

87 Volpino Italiano 367 87.1 History ...... 367 87.2 Clubs and organizations ...... 368 87.3 Temperament ...... 368 87.4 Health ...... 368 87.5 See also ...... 368

88 Weimaraner 369 88.1 History ...... 369 88.2 Description ...... 369 88.2.1 Appearance ...... 369 88.2.2 Temperament ...... 372 88.2.3 As a hunting dog ...... 374 88.2.4 Behavior disorders ...... 374 88.3 Health ...... 375 88.4 References ...... 376 88.5 External links ...... 377

89 Cardigan Welsh Corgi 378 xx CONTENTS

89.1 History ...... 378 89.1.1 Origins ...... 378 89.1.2 Legend ...... 378 89.1.3 Popularity ...... 378 89.1.4 Name ...... 379 89.1.5 Modern breed ...... 379 89.2 Description ...... 379 89.2.1 Temperament ...... 380 89.3 Use as working dogs ...... 381 89.4 Health ...... 381 89.5 Pictures ...... 382 89.6 References ...... 382 89.7 External links ...... 382

90 Pembroke Welsh Corgi 384 90.1 Description ...... 384 90.1.1 Appearance ...... 384 90.1.2 Temperament ...... 384 90.2 Health ...... 385 90.3 History ...... 385 90.4 Activities ...... 386 90.5 In popular culture ...... 387 90.6 See also ...... 388 90.7 References ...... 388 90.8 External links ...... 388

91 Welsh Sheepdog 389 91.1 History ...... 390 91.2 Activities ...... 390 91.3 References ...... 390 91.4 External links ...... 390

92 Welsh Springer Spaniel 391 92.1 History ...... 391 92.2 Description ...... 392 92.2.1 Appearance ...... 392 92.2.2 Temperament ...... 393 92.3 Health ...... 394 92.3.1 Eye disorders ...... 394 92.4 See also ...... 396 92.5 References ...... 396 92.6 External links ...... 398 CONTENTS xxi

93 Welsh Terrier 399 93.1 Description ...... 399 93.1.1 Appearance ...... 399 93.1.2 Temperament ...... 400 93.2 Health ...... 401 93.2.1 Notable Welsh Terriers ...... 401 93.3 In popular culture ...... 402 93.4 References ...... 402 93.5 External links ...... 402

94 West Highland White Terrier 403 94.1 Appearance ...... 403 94.2 Temperament ...... 403 94.3 Health ...... 404 94.4 History ...... 406 94.5 In popular culture ...... 409 94.5.1 In public life ...... 409 94.5.2 In branding ...... 409 94.5.3 In film ...... 409 94.5.4 In television ...... 410 94.6 References ...... 410 94.7 External links ...... 412

95 West Siberian Laika 413 95.1 Origins ...... 413 95.2 History ...... 413 95.3 Appearance ...... 414 95.4 Reproduction ...... 414 95.5 Character and Behavior ...... 415 95.6 Utilitarian qualities ...... 415 95.7 References ...... 416 95.8 Citations ...... 417

96 Westphalian Dachsbracke 418 96.1 Appearance ...... 418 96.2 History ...... 418 96.3 Names and etymology ...... 418 96.4 See also ...... 419 96.5 References ...... 419

97 Wetterhoun 420 97.1 Appearance ...... 420 97.2 History ...... 420 xxii CONTENTS

97.3 Temperament ...... 420 97.4 References ...... 421 97.5 External links ...... 421

98 Whippet 422 98.1 History ...... 422 98.1.1 Racing ...... 423 98.2 Description ...... 424 98.2.1 Appearance ...... 424 98.2.2 Temperament ...... 424 98.3 Health ...... 425 98.4 References ...... 425 98.5 External links ...... 426

99 White Shepherd 428 99.1 History ...... 428 99.2 Appearance ...... 430 99.3 Temperament ...... 431 99.4 Activities ...... 431 99.5 Genetics ...... 431 99.6 In popular culture ...... 433 99.7 References ...... 434 99.8 Further information ...... 434 99.9 External links ...... 435

100Wirehaired Pointing Griffon 436 100.1Appearance ...... 436 100.2History ...... 436 100.3Health and temperament ...... 437 100.4Shedding ...... 437 100.5See also ...... 437 100.6References ...... 437 100.7External links ...... 438

101Wirehaired Vizsla 439 101.1Description ...... 439 101.1.1 Appearance ...... 439 101.1.2 Temperament ...... 440 101.2History ...... 440 101.2.1 Official Recognition ...... 442 101.3Common illnesses ...... 443 101.4See also ...... 444 101.5References ...... 444 CONTENTS xxiii

101.6External links ...... 444

102Yorkshire Terrier 445 102.1History ...... 445 102.1.1 Huddersfield Ben ...... 445 102.1.2 In North America ...... 447 102.2Appearance ...... 448 102.2.1 Coat ...... 448 102.3Temperament ...... 450 102.4Health ...... 453 102.4.1 Teeth ...... 453 102.4.2 Docking ...... 457 102.5Similar breeds and crosses ...... 457 102.6“Teacup Yorkies” ...... 458 102.7Yorkie Gatherings ...... 458 102.8Notability ...... 458 102.8.1 Show dogs ...... 460 102.8.2 Small dogs ...... 460 102.8.3 War dogs ...... 460 102.8.4 White House dogs ...... 460 102.9See also ...... 460 102.10References ...... 460 102.11External links ...... 462 102.12Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses ...... 463 102.12.1Text ...... 463 102.12.2Images ...... 479 102.12.3Content license ...... 491 Chapter 1

Russell Terrier

The Russell Terrier is a predominantly white working terrier with an instinct to hunt prey underground. The breed was derived from the Reverend John Russell's working terrier strains that were used in the 19th century for fox hunting. The Reverend's fox working strains were much smaller than the Show Fox Terrier and remained working terriers. The size of the Russell Terrier (10″ to 12″) combined with a small flexible, spannable chest makes it an ideal size to work efficiently underground. Their unique rectangular body shape with the body being of slightly longer length than the leg makes them distinctly different from the Parson Russell Terrier and the JRTCA Jack Russell Terrier. The Russell Terrier originated in England, but the country of development was Australia.

1.1 History

The name“Jack Russell Terrier”was never used to describe a breed of dog. Rather, it became a common name for any predominantly-white earth-working terrier after the death of the Reverend John Russell. The only requisite was color, the instinct combined with the will to employ earth-work, and the size to work efficiently underground. Still today, the name is widely used for working terriers of the Parsons Reverend's style. It was in the country of development, Australia, that this 10-12 inch dog was first standardized by Kennel Club recognition with the official name “Jack: Russell Terrier”applied to the breed. This ultimately led to recognition of the breed by FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) countries including Ireland and most recently the USA. Unfortunately, due to the previous use of the name in the USA and England, the name Jack Russell Terrier is conflicting. In the USA, a Terrier conforming to the Australian/FCI standard is simply called a Russell Terrier. The Russell Terrier is a very popular companion breed in the US. First and foremost the breed is a working breed not a companion breed. They are bred by dedicated fanciers to preserve their working functional conformation and the instinct to employ their original purpose as earth terriers. This makes them an excellent performance breed participating in a variety of events; natural hunting which includes earthwork, agility, rally, obedience, tracking, go-to-ground, and conformation, just to name a few. They are also found as therapy and service dogs.

1.1.1 Breed development in England and Australia

In the early 1970s, the Jack Russell Terrier Club of Great Britain was formed, and this body instituted a very primitive form of registration. Soon, Jack Russell Terrier Clubs were being formed worldwide, including Australia. The Jack Russell Terrier Club of Australia was formed in 1972 . This national organization set up a particularly comprehensive registration system, along with a formal breed standard. This club also initiated discussions with their KC regarding the possibility of the breed being accepted for registration as a pure breed. The ideal height for the Jack Russell Terrier in Australia was to be 10″ to 12″.

1 2 CHAPTER 1. RUSSELL TERRIER

1.1.2 The Russell Terrier in the U.S.A.

The Russell Terrier, also known as the F.C.I. type Jack Russell Terrier is a recognized Kennel Club breed and is maintained separately from the AKC Parson Russell Terrier, and the UKC Parson Russell Terrier. In 2001, the United Kennel Club accepted the application from the English Jack Russell Terrier Club to give dogs in their registry the official “FS”designation. UKC officially recognized the breed as the Russell Terrier because the name Jack Russell Terrier was already in use for the longer legged dog in 2001. The UKC breed standard was changed in 2005 from the original standard of 2001. In 2009 the UKC changed the name to Jack Russell to go back to their original standard and aligning themselves with the rest of the world . The American Kennel Club AKC accepted the breed into the FSS Program on December 8, 2004 based on the F.C.I. Jack Russell standard also submitted by the E.J.R.T.C. aka the American Russell Terrier Club . The American Rare Breed Association recognized the “Russell Terrier” in 2003, with the old UKC standard originally written by the UKC. This standard was based on the same standard written by Australia *[1] and used also in Ireland. The Australian National Kennel Council recognized the breed in 1990 . The original ARBA*[2] standard was then changed by the NRTFC to a new standard and different standard in Nov of 2008, than again on Jan 1, 2010. The AKC parent club for the Russell Terrier changed the F C I breed standard in 2010 and introduced their own standard which is now different from the rest of the world and F C I. The NRTFC*[3] was the first and is the only organization in the world and history of the breed, to recognize only the Smooth coated dog *[4] and create a history different from the rest of the world. The FCI Jack Russell Terrier was accepted into the AKC FSS known as the “Russell Terrier”in December 2004 on the application submitted by the ARTC using the FCI standard. The Parson Russell Terrier, Hunt Terrier and the Jack Russell Terrier/Russell Terrier (Australian/FCI JRT) will forever be linked in ancestry. However, after 15 years of maintaining the Russell Terrier in the US and longer internationally as a distinctly separate breed with the selection of the rectangular appearance unique only to the Jack Russell/Russell Terrier they can no longer be considered variations.

1.1.3 More

The breed originated in England and was developed in Australia with a well-documented history. The history of the breed detailed in the standard is as important as the definition of the description of the Russells. The AKC Parson Russell Terrier and the AKC FSS Russell Terrier are maintained as distinctly separate breeds in AKC and in Europe. The American Russell Terrier Club *[5] in October 2007 was designated the AKC Parent Club. On January 1, 2010 the AKC Russell Terrier moved forward into the Misc. Class. The AKC FSS books are still open and 2 of the 3 clubs listed on the AKC website are still accepting registrations for the Russell Terrier.*[6] The AKC breed standard and other information regarding the breed can be found here:*[7] The American Russell Terrier Foundation Club is a recognized Russell Terrier registry for single dog registration for FSS AKC.

1.2 References

[1] “letter from United Kennel Club to English Jack Russell Terrier Club recognizing the Russell Terrier”. shortjackrus- sell.com. 2001-01-23. Archived from the original on 2014-01-13. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

[2] “American Rare Breed Association”. Arba.org. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

[3] “NRTFC- National UKC Russell Terrier Club”. Ukcrussellterrier.com. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

[4] “Russell Terrier”. Arba.org. 2010-01-01. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

[5] “The American Russell Terrier Club, Inc. - The Americsn Russell Terrier, Inc, the ARTC, Inc”. Theartc.org. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

[6] “American Kennel Club”. akc.org. 2014-01-23. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

[7] “Russell Terrier Page”. Akc.org. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

• Burns, Patrick. “American Working Terriers”. 2005. ISBN 1-4116-6082-X

• Lucas M.C., Jocelyn M. “Hunt and Working Terriers”First published 1931. Reprinted in 1979 by Tideline Books 1.3. EXTERNAL LINKS 3

Profile of a smooth Russell Terrier.

1.3 External links

• American Russell Terrier Club Chapter 2

Saarloos wolfdog

The Saarloos wolfdog (Dutch: Saarlooswolfhond) is an established breed of dog originating from wolfdog hybrid crosses.

2.1 History

In 1935, Dutch breeder Leendert Saarloos (1884-1969) started cross-breeding a German Shepherd Dog male to a female European Wolf (Canis lupus lupus) which he obtained from the Rotterdam Zoo (Dutch: Diergaarde Blijdorp). Although he was passionate about the German Shepherd, he found most dogs to be too domesticated and wanted to breed in more natural properties in order to get better working dogs.*[1] The result wasn't entirely what Saarloos had hoped for. This breed is cautious, reserved and lacks the ferocity to attack. Until Leendert Saarloos died in 1969, he was in full control over the breeding of his “European wolfdog". The Dutch Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1975. To honour its creator they changed the name to “Saarloos Wolfdog”. In 1981 the breed was recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). In the past, some Saarloos wolfdogs were trained as guide dogs for the blind and as rescue dogs, but most dogs of this breed are currently kept as family dogs.

2.2 Size and appearance

The Saarloos wolfdog is a fairly large dog, up to 76 cm (30”) at the shoulder and weighing up to 40 kg (88 lbs). It is an athletic dog in build, with medium bone, and a strong and muscular body. They move lightly on their feet and have an elegant march. Its coat is short and dense, providing good protection from the weather. There are 3 colours: wolf- grey, red and white. Because the wolf-grey genes are dominant, this is the most common colour. Genes for white colour are recessive, making this uncommon although this colour is accepted. The Saarloos has wolf-like expressions, as well as a wolf-like head.

2.3 See also

• Czechoslovakian Wolfdog

2.4 References

[1] Saarlooswolfhond (PDF), FCI, retrieved 25 September 2014

2.5 External links

• Saarloos wolfdog at DMOZ

4 Chapter 3

Sabueso Español

The Sabueso español (Spanish Scenthound)*[1] is an scenthound breed with its origin in the far north of Iberian Peninsula, included in Group VI of F.C.I. classification. This breed has being used in this mountainous region since hundreds of years ago in all kind of game: wild boar, hare, brown bear, wolf, red deer, fox, roe deer and chamois. It is an exclusive working breed, employed in hunting with firearms.

3.1 History

The first description of Iberian scenthounds appears in chapter 39 of Libro de la Montería de Alfonso XI or The Hunting Book of Alfonso XI, a medieval tome of the 14th century for a Castillian king.*[2] After that, diverse descriptions of Iberian scenthounds appeared in various Spanish hunting books of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries: two examples include Tratado de la Montería, or A Treatise on Hunting *[3] and Molina's late Renaissance book Discurso de la Montería, or A Discourse on Hunting, written in 1582.*[4] During these centuries Spanish scenthounds of the type that would become the Sabueso were used mainly in brown bear and wild boar hunting. Also they were very used to track wounded game by hunters called Ballesteros (because they used crossbows). Of course these hounds have been used since very ancient times in “caza a traílla”(leashed hound-hunting) to know previously of the hunt the resting location of bears, boars and wolves. When firearms were getting common in northern Spain and big game populations decreased, hunters diversified their quarry and began directing their hounds to hunt rabbits, called “caza de la liebre a la vuelta”, although the hunting of wild boar and roe deer continued in other areas. Today big game populations in northern Spain have increased substantially and use of the Spanish scenthound has been revived, with a fixed standard since 1982,*[5] mainly in wild boar hunting, in the traditional type of boar hunting called “caza a traílla”.

3.2 Appearance

The Spanish Hound is a medium-sized dog, with a body that is longer than it is tall. Its total height should be a maximum of 52-57 cms (20-22 inches) in males, and 48-53 cms (18-21 inches) in females. It has very long ears similar to other hound breeds bred for tracking scent; the ears when stretched out should reach past the tip of the nose and commonly twirl away from the head in a slight corkscrew.The legs and feet that are compact, but strong, similar to the Beagle. The eyes should be amber, with a dignified, baleful expression. The tale should be tapering and whip-like, often with a white splash of fur at the tip. Typically the coat should be smooth, short, and glossy; it should have a white base with any combination of lemon, orange, or red-brown patches painted on it without any mottling or merle patterning, like a Paint Horse. The overall temperament is gentle and easy going, but relentless in tracking and brave when faced with a large animal like a male boar.

5 6 CHAPTER 3. SABUESO ESPAÑOL

Boar hunting in Cantabria. Year 1952.

Spanish scenthound. Female of ancient harehound type. 3.3. USE 7

3.3 Use

The Spanish hound is a scenthound with a great sense of smell; characteristically it is an old type of European hound with a cold nose style of hunting. It has a distinctively loud, booming howl. Hunters can know the different phases of the hunt by listening to the hound: as it hunts, its voice changes from a loud, long bay to choppy short barks, indicating it has found its quarry. In far northern Spain, the call the short pattern of choppy barks the “latido”or “llatido”. In the South, the hound is primarily used in hunting rabbits, similar to the better known Basset Hound. Its favorite traditional method is to let the hare have a head start so the hound can work the trail until it catches up and wears its prey down, driving it into the path of the hunter.This kind of hunting is called“caza de la liebre a la vuelta”(coming back hare hunting). In the mountains of Northern Spain, the Sabueso is very often used in wild boar hunting. Mostly this type of hunting is called“caza a traílla”, where the dog leads the hunters on a leash. This type of hunting is very old and traditional, whose origin is lost in ancient times. This kind of hunting consists in looking for the wallowing location of the wild boar during the daylight with the help of a leashed scenthound. The hunter (called“montero”) and the scenthound will track the boar until they know the resting location of the wild boar. When this location is sure (because hunter and scenthound have rounded the wood and there are not a boar track getting out the wood) some hunters with firearms wait rounding the wood and some scenthounds are unleashed on the track. They jump the boar and run it at least until the hunters can shoot it. This hunting dog possess a marked independent character because it has been bred to hunt alone or with one or two more hounds, because of that this breed is not properly a packing breed. This hound is not a good pet. It needs lots of exercise and space, and it is unjustified not to allow what it loves to do: Hunting.

Male of Spanish Scenthound. 8 CHAPTER 3. SABUESO ESPAÑOL

3.4 Fictional Spanish Hounds

• Cash in The Fox and the Hound 2

3.5 References

[1] See F.C.I. web

[2] See “Libro de la Montería de Alfonso XI”Ch. 39: Cuales hechuras deben ser los sabuesos y las sabuesas.

[3] See “Tratado de la Montería”written by a hunter from Sierra de Segura (15th century)

[4] See “Discurso de la Montería”written by Gonzalo Argote de Molina (1582)

[5] See official web of Spanish Scenthound

3.6 External links

• Spanish Scenthound Club Web • Monteria

• Scenthound Chapter 4

Saint-Usuge Spaniel

The Saint-Usuge Spaniel (or Épagneul de Saint-Usuge) is a breed of Spaniel originating in the Bresse region of France.*[1] The breed has origins dating back to at least the 16th century, but was nearly extinct by the end of World War II. Through the efforts of Father Robert Billard, the breed was resurrected during the second half of the 20th century; its national breed club was founded in 1990. The breed was recognised by the Société Centrale Canine (French Kennel Club) in 2003.

4.1 History

The history of this breed can be traced to the 16th century, however by the mid 20th century it had nearly become extinct. Following World War II, Robert Billard, a priest, was given a parish in Saône-et-Loire in the Bresse region of France. Billard was an active hunter and began to search for a suitable hunting dog. He was told of a local dog breed known as the “Epagneul de Saint-Usuge”, and contacted the Société Centrale Canine in order to find what happened to the breed.*[2] Father Billard found that the last recording of the Saint-Usuge Spaniel was in a dog show in 1936 in the nearby town of Louhans, and he located the breed standard from that show. He proceeded to visit the hunters in his parish until he found a dog which matched the breed description, a female named Poupette.*[2] In 1950 he found a male spaniel named Dick, who was a son of Braco, the dog which won best in show at the show in 1936. He continued to find other male dogs around the region to include in the reconstruction of the breed. In 1962, a Small Münsterländer female named Bianca von der Rumerburg was used in the breeding programme, chosen as that breed's standards mostly closely resemble the Saint-Usuge's. In 1980, the work on reconstructing the breed was handed over to Serge Bey, a local conservationist. Father Billard's breeding programme bred nearly 250 dogs over a 33 year period.*[2] The national breed club for France was set up in 1990 and known as the Club de l'Epagneul de Saint-Usuge. The Société Centrale Canine recognised the Saint Usuge Spaniel on January 8, 2003,*[2] placing it within Group 7 with other continental spaniels.*[3] While the breed is not fully recognised by the American Kennel Club,*[4] it is listed as a breed in the club's companion animal recovery scheme.*[5]

4.2 Description

It is a small French pointing breed,*[6] measuring 16–21 inches (41–53 cm) at the withers according to the breed standard.*[7] They have a typical spaniel appearance, with ears that are located below the eyeline that have fringes long enough to reach the tip of the nose. The body should be well muscled with a broad, deep chest. The only color that the coat comes in is brown, but it may have white markings including a white “star”on the forehead, which some dogs can lose as their adult coat grows in.*[7] In addition to the ears; the tail, shoulders and chest should also be fringed with fur. The tail of the Saint Usuge is never docked, and should be long and curved.*[6] *[7]

9 10 CHAPTER 4. SAINT-USUGE SPANIEL

4.2.1 Temperament

Described by its French breed club as easy to train, it is an obedient, passionate and affectionate breed.*[7] In the field it is suited to a variety of terrains, including swamps, water and thickets; quarry that the breed specialises in includes waterfowl and woodcock.*[6]

4.3 References

[1] The commune of Saint-Usuge; the name Usuge for Eusebius is a local variant (P. Siraud, L. Lacomme, Dictionnaire des lieux habités du département de Saône-et-Loire1892:41) that does not figure in William Smith and Henry Wace, A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines.

[2] “De l'Abbé Billard à Serge Bey...” (in French). Club de l'épagneul de Saint-Usuge. Retrieved 17 January 2011.

[3] “Standard S.C.C. (2003) Epagneul de St Usuge” (PDF) (in French). Société Centrale Canine. Retrieved 17 January 2011.

[4] “Breeds”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 17 January 2011.

[5] “Welcome to the AKC CAR Online Enrollment System!". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 17 January 2011.

[6] “Rassenbeschreibung” (in German). Club Suisse de l'Epagneul Breton et autres epagneuls de France. Retrieved 17 January 2011.

[7] “Standard Morphologique” (in French). Club de l'épagneul de Saint-Usuge. Retrieved 17 January 2011.

4.4 External links

• “Club de l'épagneul de Saint-Usuge” (in French).

• “Club Epagneul de Saint Usuge” (in German). Chapter 5

Sakhalin Husky

The Sakhalin Husky, also known as the Karafuto-Ken (樺太⽝), is a breed of dog used as a sled dog.

5.1 Appearance

This breed is a spitz type related to other Japanese dogs, and considered to be a precursor to the Akita Inu. The size varies between 56 cm and 66 cm at the withers with a weight range from 30 kg to 40 kg. The ears are small, pointed, sometimes slightly tilted forwards or sometimes falling. This breed comes in many colours, including but not limited to russet-red and black. The hair is fine and thick, with an undercoat of very dense hair, similar to the hair of the Greenland Dog.

5.2 History

Karafuto-ken breaks down as Karafuto, the Japanese name for Sakhalin and Ken, a Japanese word for dog; hence, this provides the breed's geographical origin. This breed is used rarely now; therefore, few breeders remain in Japan. As of 2011, there were only two surviving pure bred members of the breed, which never recovered from the ill effects of World War II.*[1]

5.2.1 Antarctic expedition

This breed's claim to fame came from the ill-fated 1958 Japanese research expedition to Antarctica, which made an emergency evacuation and was forced to leave behind 15 sled dogs. The researchers believed that a relief team would arrive within a few days, so they left the dogs chained up outside with a small supply of food; however, the weather turned bad and the team never made it to the outpost. Incredibly, nearly one year later, a new expedition arrived and discovered that two of the dogs,“Taro”and“Jiro”, had survived and they became instant heroes.*[2] Taro returned to Sapporo, Japan and lived at Hokkaido University until his death in 1970, after which he was stuffed and put on display at the university's museum.*[3] Jiro died in Antarctica in 1960 of natural causes and the remains are located at the National Science Museum of Japan in Ueno Park. The breed spiked in popularity upon the release of the 1983 film, Nankyoku Monogatari, about Taro and Jiro. A second 2006 film, Eight Below, provided a fictional version of the occurrence, but did not reference the breed. Instead, the film features only eight dogs: two Alaskan Malamutes and six Siberian Huskies. In 2011, TBS presents the much waited drama, Nankyoku Tairiku, featuring Kimura Takuya. It tells the story of the 1957 Antarctica Expedition led by Japan and their Sakhalin Huskies. The breed and the expedition are memorialized in a monument near Wakkanai, Hokkaido,*[4] a monument under Tokyo Tower,*[5] and a monument near Nagoya Port.*[6]

11 12 CHAPTER 5. SAKHALIN HUSKY

5.3 The Sakhalin Huskies of the 1957-1958 Japanese Expedition

Few sources provide the names of the fifteen Japanese sled dogs that were stranded, as well as the photos and de- scriptions of the huskies. The names of the dogs are listed here: 1. Riki: Seven-year-old male with light gray coat and white markings, leader of the team. (Disappeared) 2. Anko: Three-year-old male with brown coat and white streak on chest. (Disappeared) 3. Aka: Six-year-old male with dark gray coat, has a tendency to pick fights with other team members. (Deceased) 4. Kuma from Monbetsu: Five-year-old male with black coat, white socks, and white chest, sometimes served as lead dog. (Deceased) 5. Kuma from Furen: Five-year-old male with black coat and ripple of white on chest. Father of Taro and Jiro. (Disappeared) 6. Pesu: Five-year-old male with brown coat, black mask, and black ears, almost resembles a Belgian Tervuren. (Deceased) 7. Goro: Four-year-old male with black coat and white stripe on face, almost resembling a collie. Served as wheel dog of the team. (Deceased) 8. Deri: Six-year-old male with gray coat and black saddle. (Disappeared) 9. Pochi: Four-year-old male with light-brown coat and a ravenous appetite. (Deceased) 10. Moku: Four-year-old male with black coat and white socks on front feet. (Deceased) 11. Jakku: Four-year-old male with black-and-white coat, almost resembling a collie. (Disappeared) 12. Kuro: Five-year-old male with black coat and white markings on face, muzzle, chest, and legs. (Deceased) 13. Shiro: Three-year-old male with snowy-white coat, sometimes served as lead dog. (Disappeared) 14. Taro: Three-year-old male with black coat. Son of Kuma from Furen and older brother of Jiro. (Survived) 15. Jiro: Three-year-old male with dark brown coat, a ripple of white on chest, and white socks. Son of Kuma from Furen and younger brother of Taro. (Survived)

5.4 References

[1] “Karafuto Ken (Sakhalin Husky)". All About Japanese Dogs. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

[2] Yasukazu Kitamura; The truth of Antarctica expedition team and Taro, Jiro. Shoggakukan Bunko. 2007. in Japanese; a quote is found online at http://keiji-hagiwara.blogspot.com/2011/01/sakhalin-husky-dogs-who-survived-in.html

[3] http://img86.imageshack.us/my.php?image=jiro9ve.jpg

[4] “Antarctica Expedition Taro and Jiro Sakhalin Husky Monument (Wakkanai)". Retrieved 17 March 2013.

[5] “Antarctica Expedition Monument” (in Japanese). Asahi. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

[6] “Monument to national heroes Taro and Jiro in Nagoya, Japan”. Nagoya, Japan: digitaljournal.com. 24 February 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

5.5 External links

• Sakhalin Husky Dog Photos • “Hana, Karafuto Ken (Last surviving Sakhalin Husky)" (VIDEO). Retrieved 17 March 2013. Chapter 6

Saluki

This article is about the dog breed. For the passenger train service, see Saluki (Amtrak). For the college sports program that uses this animal as a symbol, see Southern Illinois Salukis.

-Arabic: ᏯᏋ৒ীू / ALA-LC: salūqī / also known as the (Slougui) (Arabian Grey / ﺳﻠﻮﮐﯽ,ﺳﮓ ﺗﺎزی :The Saluki, Persian hound) (Arabischer Windhund) (Sloughi Moghrebi) (Arabian Sighthound) (Levrier Marocain ) Royal Dog of Egypt or Persian Greyhound is one of the oldest known breeds of domesticated dog. The Saluki is a sighthound and his- torically traveled throughout the Middle East and Silk road with caravans and nomadic tribes over an area stretching from the Sahara to the Caspian Sea and China. They have been used to hunt quarry such as gazelles and hare in many countries especially in ancient Iran . Shaped like a typical sighthound, they come in two varieties, smooth and feathered. Though they are an independent breed that needs patient training, they are gentle and affectionate with their owners.

6.1 Description

Salukis are “sight”hounds, which means they hunt by sight, run the quarry down, catch it, and kill or retrieve it. The normal size range for the breed is 23–28 inches (58–71 cm) high at the withers and 40–60 pounds (18–27 kg) in weight, with females being slightly smaller than males.*[1] The Saluki's head is long and narrow with large eyes and drop ears.*[1] The tail of the breed is long and curved.*[1] It has the typical deep-chested, long legged body of the sighthounds.*[2] Their coats come in a variety of colors, including white, cream, fawn, red, grizzle and tan, black and tan, and tricolor (white, black and tan).*[3]

• • • •

The overall appearance of the Saluki is one of grace and symmetry. There are two coat types evident in the Saluki gene pool, smooth and feathered. The feathered variety has light feathering on the back of the legs and thighs.*[2] The fur on both varieties is silky to the touch,*[4] and is low shedding compared to other breeds.*[5]

6.2 Temperament

Historically, Salukis were used by nomadic tribes for hunting. Typical quarry included gazelles, hares, foxes and jackals.*[2] In one Bedouin method of hunting hares, the hunter rides close to the quarry on a camel while holding the Saluki, which he throws towards the prey while at speed, giving the dog a running start.*[6] Another method, primarily used in hunting gazelles, involved the use of a hawk to gouge out the eyes of the prey, so that a Saluki can then bring down the blinded animal.*[7]

13 14 CHAPTER 6. SALUKI

Saluki with a light colored coat.

A true modern Saluki retains the qualities of hunting hounds and may seem reserved to strangers. An independent and aloof breed, but gentle and affectionate, they can be difficult to train and any such training should be gentle and patient.*[8] They can get bored easily, and should not be left at home unattended for long periods.*[9] Sensitive and intelligent, the Saluki should never be trained using force or harsh methods, and typically does not enjoy rough games or typical dog games such as retrieving balls. Early socialization is required to prevent timidity and shyness in later life.*[8] Given their hunting instincts, they are prone to chasing moving objects.*[5] While the Greyhound is credited as being the fastest dog breed up to distances of around 800 metres (2,600 ft), both the Saluki and Whippet breeds are thought to be faster over longer distances. The 1996 edition of the Guinness Book of Records lists a Saluki as being the fastest dog, reaching a speed of 68.8 kilometres (42.8 mi) per hour.*[10] Due to its heavily padded feet being able to absorb the impact on its body, it has remarkable stamina when running.*[4]

6.3 Health

Hip dysplasia is uncommon in Salukis, with the breed ranking joint lowest in a survey by the British Veterinary Association in 2003. The breed scored an average of 5 points, with a score of 0 being low, while 106 is high.*[11] In a 2006 breed specific survey conducted by The Kennel Club and the British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee, responses highlighted several health issues. The primary cause of death identified was that of cancer, being responsible for 35.6% of deaths, with the most common forms being that of liver cancer or lymphoma. The secondary cause of death was cardiac related, with forms such as heart failure, or unspecified heart defects. Old age is listed as the third most frequent cause of death.*[12] 6.4. HISTORY 15

Sensitive and intelligent, the Saluki should never be trained using force or harsh methods.

Health issues in salukis include cancer and cardiac problems. Cardiomyopathy, heart murmur and other cardiac issues were present in 17.2% of responses while dermatolic conditions such as dermatitis or alopecia were reported by 10.8% of responses.*[12] Salukis have an average lifespan of 12 to 14 years,*[8] which is similar to other breeds of their size.*[13] The breed seems suffering from frequent early sudden death from various causes - common enough to have been labeled Saluki Sudden Death Syndrome with a research fund set up.*[14]

6.4 History

There are petroglyphs and rock arts in Golpaygan and Khomein in central Iran that shows saluki-like hounds and falcons accompanying hunters chasing preys (ca. 8000–10,000 BCE).*[15] Also on the potteries found in Susa, Iran (ca. 4200 BCE) are images of saluki-like hounds chasing ibex or lying next to pools.*[16]*[17] and from the period of the Middle Kingdom onwards, Saluki-like animals appear on the ancient Egyptian tombs of 2134 BCE. They have connections to the Avesta,*[18] Bible, Koran *[19] and Imperial China. Modern breeding in the west began in 1895 16 CHAPTER 6. SALUKI

A close-up Saluki

when Florence Amherst imported a breeding pair of Salukis from Lower Egypt and began working to popularize the breed. The first registered Salukis in the western studbook were Cyrus and Slongha Peri imported from Iran and registered with the DWZRV.*[20] DWZRV also records the first litter in 1922.*[21] Salukis were recognized by The Kennel Club in 1923, and by the American Kennel Club in 1929. The breed is also the mascot of Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Salukis are considered to be one of the oldest dog breeds in existence. The name Saluqi has many theories. Linguistics agree the word Saluqi in Arabic is an adjective referring to where an individual was from. Sir Terence Clark*[22]*[23] reports on four possible locations for the place Saluq including today's Yemen, Iraq and Turkey. In Persian the dog is referred to as Tazi, which means to run and in Kurdish areas Tazi is also used.*[24] Also there are two more places with similar names in Northwest Iran near to the other four locations mentioned in Clark's report. Modern science tells us the origins of all dogs are to the east in China,*[25] but we do not know the point of origin for the Saluki breed. Along the Silk Road, its presence has been known for almost as long as the dog has been domesticated, a testimony to its prowess as a hunter and its beauty as a companion. Accordingly, Saluki images are found in many cultures. Petroglyphs and rock art in Golpaygan and Khomein in central Iran depict Saluki-like hounds and falcons accompanying hunters chasing prey (ca. 8000-10,000 BC),*[15] and recent excavations of the Sumerian empire dating to c. 7000-6000 BC also contain Saluki-like finds. Saluki-like images adorn pottery found in Susa*[16]*[17] and appear on the Egyptian tombs dating to 2100 B.C. The nomadic tribes spread the breed across the Middle East from Persia and Egypt, to as far east as Afghanistan and India,*[3] and as far south as Sudan.*[26] They were considered to be the“Royal Dog of Egypt”.*[3] Salukis appear on Egyptian tombs increasingly commonly from The Middle Kingdom (2134 BC – 1785 BC) onward,*[27] and have often been found mummified alongside 6.4. HISTORY 17

Saluki-like hound horseback falconer painted on the wall of a cave in Golpaygan, Iran about 10000BC

the bodies of the Pharaohs in the Pyramids.*[28] It was during the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt that Salukis rose to their place of prominence,*[29] replacing the Tesem (thought to be similar to modern Pariah dogs,*[30] or a generic term for a dog).*[31] The breed is thought to be the type of dog mentioned in The Bible.*[28] Salukis have appeared in medieval paintings regarding the birth of Christ, including Paolo Veronese's 1573 work The Adoration of the Magi (also known as the Adoration of the Kings), currently located at the National Gallery, London.*[32]*[33] Veronese also painted the breed into some of his other religious work, including The Marriage at Cana and The Finding of Moses.*[34] In China examples of the breed were painted by the fifth Ming Emperor Zhū Zhānjī, known more commonly as the Xuande Emperor during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). The inscription on the painting reads “playfully painted [by the] imperial brush”in 1427. Additional red seals were added in later years by owners of the painting, which also reveals that the painting was in the Imperial Chinese collection in the 18th century.*[35] Iran has a long and rich visual history with the Saluki, from early representations on pottery found in Susa, miniatures painted by Master Kamal Uddin Behzad, book illustrations By Abd al-Wahhab ibn 'Abd al-Fattah ibn 'Ali (1516). It is an illustration from manuscript of Khamsa (Quintet) of Nizami, metalsmithing from the reign of the Injuid prince, Jamal al Dine Abu Is'haq, created between 1342 and 1353.*[36] One of the more amazing pieces of art in Iran is the Savashi Canyon Relief, carved around 1800, commissioned by Fath Ali Shah Qajar to commemorate his hunting exploits.*[37] Today, the breed is still held in high regard throughout the Middle East, and have been hunting dogs for nobles and rulers around the region. They are considered clean by the Bedouins, and are allowed to be in women's quarters, while other dogs must be kept outside.*[38] Sheik Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain during the 1930s, was known for a pack of Salukis that accompanied him throughout the Arab world on hunting trips. Following his death, his son Salman ibn Hamad Al Khalifa attempted to keep the lines pure-bred but they became interbred with other breeds. However, the pure-bred lines of the royal kennel were saved by the efforts of Dana Al Khalifa who was given two pure-bred puppies by the King, and about a decade later had around pure-bred Salukis registered with the Kennel Club of Bahrain.*[38] 18 CHAPTER 6. SALUKI

Two Salukis, painted by the Xuande Emperor of China (1398–1435).

6.4.1 Introduction into the West

The breed was first brought to Europe in the 12th century, with troops returning from the Crusades in the Middle East, as living proof of the pilgrimage.*[3]*[34] A dog noted as being a Gazelle Hound is featured in a painting of Henry IV, Duke of Saxony, painted in 1514, by Lucas Cranach the Elder. The dog wears a collar decorated with a scallop shell, which was the badge of the pilgrim.*[34] It was not until 1840, that the Salukis were first brought to England. Referred to as Slughis, they and the modern Sloughi were treated as the same breed,*[34] however in recent years genetic tests have shown that the two breeds are not interbred.*[40] The first successful modern breeding line of Salukis began in 1895, with Florence Amherst (daughter of the 1st Baron Amherst of Hackney). Having seen Salukis on a Nile tour in that year, she imported a breeding pair from the Al Salihah area of Lower Egypt. A champion of breed purity, she struggled alone for nearly three decades, and real Saluki popularity did not take hold until the early 1920s, when officers returning from the war in the Middle East and the Arab Revolt brought their pet Salukis home with them.*[41] One of these was Brigadier General Frederick Lance of the 19th Lancers, and his wife, Gladys, returned to Britain with two Salukis from Sarona, where he was stationed during the post-war occupation. The Lances were both keen hunters, and rode with their pack of dogs, including both Salukis and terriers, to course jackal and Dorcas gazelle whilst stationed in the desert. They imported a male, called Sarona Kelb, who became an influence on the breed in the West.*[42] Together, the Lances and Florence Amherst mounted a campaign for recognition of the Middle Eastern breed, that coincided with the phenomenon of “Tutmania”caused by Howard Carter's discovery of Tutankhamunʼs tomb in late 1922. In 1923, the Saluki or Gazelle Hound Club was formed, and the Kennel Club granted official recognition to the breed. Popularity of Salukis dramatically increased, and the Saluki Club of America was founded in 1927, with recognition by The American Kennel Club following in 1929.*[5]*[43] Imports to England during the inter-war years were chiefly from areas of British military influence and commerce: Bahrain, Egypt, Transjordan, and Iraq. Both Florence Amherst and the Lances imported breeding stock from the latter two countries. Despite substantial populations of Salukis in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, none of 6.5. REFERENCES 19 these were imported to England.*[44] English Salukis (chiefly descendants of Sarona Kelb) were exported to many countries,*[45] but by the mid-1930s, interest slackened, and with the outbreak of World War II, breeding and show activities almost entirely stopped. The number of litters was minimal – just enough to keep the breed alive. Food rationing reserved all edible meat for humans, and to prevent the Salukis from dying from starvation or being killed by bombs, some owners euthanized entire kennels.*[46] A small number of Saluki kennels survived the war, and along with fresh imports belonging to a second wave of soldiers returning from the Middle East, the slow process of re-establishing the breed began again.*[46] The popularity of the Saluki in the United States, according to the American Kennel Club, has remained relatively stable over the past decade, with the breed ranked 107th in 1999, had decreased to 118th in 2008, but by 2008 had increased once again to 112th.*[47] Between 2000 and 2009, 1215 Salukis were registered with The Kennel Club in the UK,*[48] while this does not approach the numbers of the more popular breeds,*[49] it is in line with similar breeds in the Hound Group such as the Borzoi, which had 1399 puppies registered in the same period.*[48] In September 2007, The Kennel Club Art Gallery's 12th exhibition celebrated the Saluki, The Saluki in Art showed a range of exhibits including terracotta and bronze works, along with contemporary artists and a range of trophies from Saluki breed clubs.*[50]

6.5 References

[1] Palika (2007): p. 342

[2] Case, Linda P. (2005). The Dog: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-8138-1254-0.

[3] Hale, Rachel (2008). Dogs: 101 Adorable Breeds. Andrews McMeel. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7407-7342-6.

[4] Alderton, David (2006). Top to Tail: The 360 Degrees Guide to Picking Your Perfect Pet. David & Charles. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-7153-2589-6.

[5] “AKC Meet the Breeds: Saluki”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 7 January 2011.

[6] Vine, Peter (1997). Natural Emirates: Wild Life and Environment of the United Arab Emirates. Trident Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-900724-02-9.

[7] Ash, Edward (1934). This Doggie Business. pp. 155–156.

[8] O'Neil, Amanda (2006). What Dog?. Interpet Publishing. pp. 162–163. ISBN 978-1-84286-117-2.

[9] “Saluki”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 6 January 2011.

[10] Murgai, R. P. (1996). Hand Book of Dogs. New Age International. p. 108.

[11] “Breed Average Hip Scores”. British Veterinary Association. Vetrica. Retrieved 7 January 2011.

[12] “Summary Results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for the Saluki Breed” (PDF). The Kennel Club. Retrieved 7 January 2011.

[13] http://users.pullman.com/lostriver/weight_and_lifespan.htm Dog Longevity Web Site, Weight and Longevity page. Com- piled by K. M. Cassidy. Retrieved July 5, 2007

[14] Carole Adley (1996). “Breeding for Genetic Health”. Reprinted with permission from both Sighthound Review (the article appeared in the January/February 1996 issue). Retrieved 2014-08-23.

[15] , No.13 in The Album of Petroglyphs in Akhale state web directory, Golpaygan, Iran.

[16] , Susa Bushnell, Salukis and Ibex, at louvre.

[17] , Susa Beaker, Saluki-like running dogs, Ibex, and Stork-like beards

[18] , Avesta Vendidad the sacred book of Zoroastrians (2300BCE - 2500BCE)

[19] , They ask you, [O Muhammad], what has been made lawful for them. Say, “Lawful for you are [all] good foods and [game caught by] what you have trained of hunting animals which you train as Allah has taught you. So eat of what they catch for you, and mention the name of Allah upon it, and fear Allah.”Indeed, Allah is swift in account.

[20] , Der DWZRV ist der älteste Windhundzuchtverein in Deutschland. 20 CHAPTER 6. SALUKI

[21] , First litter in Gernmany, 1922 [22] R, Sir Terence Clark. [23] , Saluqi.net . .D9.86.D8.A7.D9.85, the word “Tazi”in Persian poems.#سلوکی (سگ):fa [24] [25] Heredity (2011-11-23). “Heredity - Origins of domestic dog in Southern East Asia is supported by analysis of Y- chromosome DNA”. Nature.com. Retrieved 2014-01-26. [26] Ki-Zerbo, J, ed. (1981). General History of Africa: Methodology and African Prehistory. University of California Press. p. 603. [27] Allsen, Thomas T. (2006). The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0- 8122-3926-3. [28] “Pet Fact File: Dogs”. BBC Science and Nature. Retrieved 3 January 2011. [29] Goldwasser (2002): p. 106 [30] Goldwasser (2002): p. 93 [31] Goldwasser (2002): p. 109 [32] Branigan, Cynthia A. (2004). The Reign of the Greyhound. John Wiley & Sons. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-7645-4445-3. [33] “The Adoration of the Kings”. The National Gallery. Retrieved 6 January 2011. [34] Leighton (1907): p. 478 [35] “Imperial Salukis”. Harvard Magazine. Retrieved 6 January 2011. [36] , Injuids vessel [37] File:Qajari relief.jpg [38] Whelan, John (1983). Bahrein: A MEED Practical Guide. Lynne Rienner Pub. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-9505211-7-6. [39] Mason, W. E. (1915). Dogs of All Nations. Panama-Pacific International Exposition. p. 36. [40] Crapon de Caprona, Dr. Dominique; Fritzsch, Dr. Bernd. “Sloughi, Saluki, Saluqi…Genetic Data Help Separate Seman- tics From Evidence”. Dogs in Review. Sloughi Fanciers Association. Retrieved 7 January 2011. [41] Duggan (2009): p. 36 [42] Duggan (2009): p. 127–128 [43] Duggan (2009): p. 150 [44] Duggan (2009): p. 154 [45] Duggan (2009): p. 181 [46] Duggan (2009): p. 242 [47] “AKC Dog Registration Statistics”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 7 January 2011. [48] “Comparative Tables of Registrations for the Years 2000 - 2009 Inclusive (Hound Group)" (PDF). The Kennel Club. Retrieved 7 January 2011. [49] “Comparative Tables of Registrations for the Years 2000 - 2009 Inclusive (Gundog Group)" (PDF). The Kennel Club. Retrieved 7 January 2011. [50] “The Kennel Club Art Gallery presents the Saluki in Art”. The Kennel Club. 15 August 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2011.

• Leighton, Robert (1907). The New Book of the Dog. Cassell and Company. • Goldwasser, Orly (2002). Prophets, Lovers and Giraffes. Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-04590-2. • Palika, Liz (2007). The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-00921-5. • Duggan, Brian Patrick (2009). Saluki: The Desert Hound and the English Travelers Who Brought It to the West. McFarland & Co Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-3407-7. 6.6. EXTERNAL LINKS 21

6.6 External links

• Saluki at DMOZ 22 CHAPTER 6. SALUKI

The painting of Henry IV by Lucas Cranach. 6.6. EXTERNAL LINKS 23

A Gazelle Hound from Dogs of All Nations (1915), its country of origin listed as India.*[39] 24 CHAPTER 6. SALUKI

The popularity of the Saluki in the United States, according to the American Kennel Club, has remained relatively stable over the past decade 6.6. EXTERNAL LINKS 25

Two Salukis racing . Chapter 7

Samoyed (dog)

The Samoyed (/ˈsæməjɛd/ SAM-ə-yed or /səˈmɔɪ.ɛd/ sə-MOY-ed;*[1]*[2] Russian: Самоедская собака) is a breed of dog that takes its name from the Samoyedic peoples of Siberia. These nomadic reindeer herders bred the fluffy white dogs to help with the herding, and to pull sleds when they moved. An alternate name for the breed, especially in Europe, is Bjelkier.*[3]

7.1 Appearance

Samoyed

26 7.2. TEMPERAMENT 27

7.1.1 Size

Height: AKC Standard : 21–23.5 inches (53–60 cm) at the shoulder for males, 19–21 inches (48–53 cm) for females. UK Kennel Club Standard : 51–56 centimetres (20–22 in) for males, 46–51 centimetres (18–20 in) for females.

7.1.2 Eyes

Samoyed eyes are usually black or brown and are almond in shape. Blue or other color eyes can occur but are not allowed in the show ring. It is in the “brown and black section”in its family, the Spitz family.

7.1.3 Ears

Samoyed ears are thick and covered with fur, triangular in shape, and erect. They are almost always white but can often have a light to dark brown tint (known as “biscuit”), usually around the tips of the ears.

7.1.4 Tail

The Samoyed tail is one of the breed's more distinguishing features. Like the Alaskan Malamute, the tail is carried curled over the back; however, unlike the Malamute, the Samoyed tail is held actually touching the back. It should not be a tight curl or held flag-like; it should be carried lying over the back and to one side. In cold weather, Samoyeds may sleep with their tails over their noses to provide additional warmth. Almost all Samoyeds will allow their tails to fall when they are relaxed and at ease, as when being stroked or while eating, but will return their tails to a curl when more alert. NZKC Standard: Tail: Long and profuse, carried over the back when alert; sometimes dropped when at rest. UK Kennel Club Standard : Tail : Long and profusely coated, carried over the back and to the side when alert, sometimes dropped when at rest.

7.1.5 Coat

Samoyeds have a dense, double layer coat. The topcoat contains long, coarse, and straight guard hairs, which appear white but have a hint of silver coloring. This top layer keeps the undercoat relatively clean and free of debris. The under layer, or undercoat, consists of a dense, soft, and short fur that keeps the dog warm. The undercoat typically sheds heavily once or twice a year, and this seasonal process is sometimes referred to as “blowing coat”. This does not mean the Samoyed will shed only during that time however; fine hairs (versus the dense clumps shed during seasonal shedding) will be shed all year round, and have a tendency to stick to cloth and float in the air. The standard Samoyed may come in a mixture of biscuit and white coloring, although pure white and all biscuit dogs are common. Males typically have larger ruffs than females.

7.2 Temperament

Samoyeds' friendly disposition makes them poor guard dogs; an aggressive Samoyed is rare. With their tendency to bark, however, they can be diligent watch dogs, barking whenever something approaches their territory. Samoyeds are excellent companions, especially for small children or even other dogs, and they remain playful into old age. When Samoyeds become bored, they may begin to dig. With their sled dog heritage, a Samoyed is not averse to pulling things, and an untrained Samoyed has no problem pulling its owner on a leash rather than walking alongside. Samoyeds were also used to herd reindeer. They will instinctively act as herd dogs, and when playing with children, especially, will often attempt to turn and move them in a different direction. The breed is characterized by an alert and happy expression which has earned the nicknames “Sammie smile”and “smiley dog.”*[4] 28 CHAPTER 7. SAMOYED (DOG)

An active Samoyed

7.3 Activities

Samoyeds can compete in dog agility trials, carting, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, mushing and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Samoyeds exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[5]

7.4 Health

7.4.1 Genetic diversity

The Samoyed is a primitive dog belonging to the spitz or northern dog group, specifically the laikas: a Eurasian dog type used for a variety of purposes, namely hunting, herding, guarding, and sledding. The Samoyed is descended from the Nenets herding laika, a dog that comes in not only white, but also a wider variety of colors. Like many breeds, the Samoyed was bred from a small number of founders (in this case, from Siberia). The founder effect then led to a reduction in genetic diversity, which may explain why some Samoyeds today are affected by the genetic disorders below.

7.4.2 Samoyed Hereditary Glomerulopathy

Main article: Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy

Samoyeds can be affected by a genetic disease known as “Samoyed Hereditary Glomerulopathy”, a renal disease. The disease is known to be caused by an X-linked dominant faulty allele and therefore the disease is more severe in male Samoyeds.*[6] Carrier females do develop mild symptoms after 2–3 months of age, but mostly*[7] do not go on to develop renal failure. The disease is caused by a defect in the structure of the type-IV collagen fibrils of the glomerular basement membrane. As a consequence, the collagen fibrils of the glomerular basement membrane are unable to form cross-links, so the structural integrity is weakened and the membrane is more susceptible to “wear- and-tear”damage. As the structure of the basement membrane begins to degenerate, plasma proteins are lost in the urine and symptoms begin to appear. Affected males appear healthy for the first 3 months of life, but then symptoms 7.4. HEALTH 29

A male Samoyed

start to appear and worsen as the disease progresses: the dog becomes lethargic and muscle wastage occurs, as a result of proteinuria. From 3 months of age onwards, a reduced glomerular filtration rate is detected, indicative of progressive renal failure. Death from renal failure usually occurs by 15 months of age. Also known as Hereditary nephritis, it is caused by a nonsense mutation in codon 1027 of the COL4A5 gene on the X chromosome (glycine to stop codon), which is similar to Alport's syndrome in humans. The disease is simply inherited X-linked dominant, with males generally having more severe symptoms than females. Clinically, proteinuria is found in both sexes from the age of three to four months; in dogs older than this, renal failure in combination with more or less pronounced hearing loss occurs swiftly and death at the age of 8 to 15 months is expected. In heterozygous females, the disease develops slowly. The disease can be treated to slow down the development by use of cyclosporine A and ACE inhibitors, but not be stopped.*[6]*[8]*[9]*[10] If a carrier female is mated with a healthy stud dog, the female offspring have a 50% chance of being carriers for the disease, and any male offspring have a 50% chance of being affected by the disease. A genetic test is available for this disease.*[11]

7.4.3 Other health concerns

For the Samoyeds in the veterinary literature several breed-specific hereditary diseases are described:

• Diabetes mellitus similar but not identical to human Type I (insulin deficiency): The disease occurs in middle- aged Samoyeds, the mean age at diagnosis is seven years. The cause is a chronic inflammation of the pancreas and / or autoimmune destruction of beta cells of islets of Langerhans. Moreover, in affected dogs autoantibodies were found to insulin. Currently, several genetic markers are discussed as possible causes.*[12]*[13]

• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) caused by a frameshift mutation in the RPRG locus of the X chromosome. The disease leads to a slowly progressive loss of vision, which eventually leads to blindness. The first symp- toms appear between two and five years of age. The disease corresponds to the X-linked PRA type 3 in humans.*[14]*[15] 30 CHAPTER 7. SAMOYED (DOG)

Samoyed pup

• Short legs in conjunction with eye abnormalities: Due to a genetic defect at the COL2A1 locus occurs on disproportionate dwarfism with short limbs in connection with cataracts, malformations of the retina and / or retinal detachment, liquefaction of the vitreous and a persistent hyaloid artery. The malformations of the retina are dominant (i.e. before coming in heterozygous dogs); the other symptoms are recessive, so they only come to expression in homozygous affected dogs. A connection with Opticin is not.*[16]*[17]*[18]

• Pulmonary stenosis occurs more frequently in Samoyeds in comparison with other breeds. The disease can cause shortness of breath, cardiac arrhythmias and tiring on motion and increases the risk of congestive heart failure.*[19]

• Hip dysplasia is also a concern for Samoyeds.*[20]

• The breed can also be affected by Sebaceous adenitis, an uncommon idiopathic autoimmune skin disease.*[21]

Life expectancy is about 12–13 years.*[22]

7.5 History

Samoyeds are descended from the Nenets herding laika, a spitz-type dog from Siberia used for sledding, herding, guarding, and keeping their owners warm. 7.6. USE OF FUR 31

Samoyed circa 1915

Fridtjof Nansen believed that the use of sled dogs was the only effective way to explore the north and used Samoyeds on his polar expeditions. His plan to feed the weaker dogs to the stronger ones as the former died during the expedition ultimately consumed nearly all of his dogs. Roald Amundsen used a team of sled dogs led by a Samoyed named Etah on the first expedition to reach the South Pole. Recent DNA analysis of the breed has led to the Samoyed's being included amongst the fourteen most ancient dog breeds,*[23] along with Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Malamutes, the Chow Chow, and 10 others of a diverse geographic background. The Samoyeds have been bred and trained for at least 3,000 years.

7.6 Use of fur

Shed Samoyed fur is sometimes used as an alternative to wool in knitting, with hypoallergenic properties and a texture similar to angora. The fur is sometimes also used for the creation of artificial flies for fly fishing. Samoyed fur sweaters have been reported to handle temperatures well below freezing.

7.7 Famous Samoyeds

• Kaifas and Suggen, the lead dogs for Fridtjof Nansen's North Pole expedition.

• Etah, the lead dog for Roald Amundsen's expedition to the South Pole, the first to reach the pole.

• Samoyeds serve as the sled dogs of Stone Fox in the book of the same name. 32 CHAPTER 7. SAMOYED (DOG)

Samoyed

• Xiah Junsu, member of South Korean boy band JYJ formerly from TVXQ, owns a Samoyed named Xiahky (which translates as “Raised by Xiah”).

• Denis Leary owned a Samoyed named “Little Bastard”.

• Michelle Collins, star of British television soap operas EastEnders and Coronation Street owned a Samoyed called Jingle.

• Annabel Karmel (a British children's cookbook author) owns a Samoyed called “Hamilton”.

• Sangchu is the name of the Samoyed in the 2012 Korean drama To The Beautiful You.

• King, the dog that appears in South Korean boy band EXO's 19th teaser with Lay, Baekhyun and Chen, is a Samoyed.

• Johnny is the name of the Samoyed owned by Academy Award winning Actress Helen Hunt.

• Soichiro is the name of Kyoko Otanashi's Samoyed in Maison Ikkoku. 7.8. REFERENCES 33

7.8 References

[1] “Merriam-Webster Pronunciation” (WEBSITE). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

[2] “Pronunciation of Samoyed” (WEBSITE). inogolo. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

[3] “Exploring Genetic Diversity in Samoyeds With a Genome-Wide DNA Analysis”. Retrieved 2014-12-04.

[4] “AKC MEET THE BREEDS: Samoyed” (WEBSITE). American Kennel Club. Retrieved 8 October 2011.

[5] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.

[6] Jansen, B; Tryphonas, L; Wong, J; Thorner, P; Maxie, MG; Valli, VE; Baumal, R; Basrur, PK (1986).“Mode of inheritance of Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy: an animal model for hereditary nephritis in humans”. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 107 (6): 551–5. PMID 3711721.

[7] Rawdon, TG (2001). “Juvenile nephropathy in a Samoyed bitch”. The Journal of small animal practice 42 (5): 235–8. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02027.x. PMID 11380016.

[8] Zheng, K; Thorner, PS; Marrano, P; Baumal, R; McInnes, RR (1994).“Canine X chromosome-linked hereditary nephritis: a genetic model for human X-linked hereditary nephritis resulting from a single base mutation in the gene encoding the alpha 5 chain of collagen type IV”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91 (9): 3989–93. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.9.3989. PMC 43708. PMID 8171024.

[9] Grodecki, K; Gains, M; Baumal, R; Osmond, D; Cotter, B; Valli, V; Jacobs, R (1997).“Treatment of X-linked hereditary nephritis in samoyed dogs with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor”. Journal of Comparative Pathology 117 (3): 209–225. doi:10.1016/S0021-9975(97)80016-3. PMID 9447482.

[10] Chen, D.; Jefferson, B; Harvey, SJ; Zheng, K; Gartley, CJ; Jacobs, RM; Thorner, PS (2003). “Cyclosporine A Slows the Progressive Renal Disease of Alport Syndrome (X-Linked Hereditary Nephritis): Results from a Canine Model”. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14 (3): 690–8. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000046964.15831.16. PMID 12595505.

[11] “Samoyed Hereditary Glomerulopathy”. Veterinary Genetic Services. Retrieved 3 February 2013.

[12] Kimmel, SE; Ward, CR; Henthorn, PS; Hess, RS (2002).“Familial insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Samoyed dogs” . Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 38 (3): 235–8. doi:10.5326/0380235. PMID 12022409.

[13] Short, A. D.; Catchpole, B.; Kennedy, L. J.; Barnes, A.; Fretwell, N.; Jones, C.; Thomson, W.; Ollier, W. E.R. (2007). “Analysis of Candidate Susceptibility Genes in Canine Diabetes”. Journal of Heredity 98 (5): 518–525. doi:10.1093/jhered/esm048. PMID 17611256.

[14] Dice Pf, 2nd (1980). “Progressive retinal atrophy in the Samoyed”. Modern veterinary practice 61 (1): 59–60. PMID 7366567.

[15] Zangerl, B.; Johnson, J. L.; Acland, G. M.; Aguirre, G. D. (2007). “Independent Origin and Restricted Distribution of RPGR Deletions Causing XLPRA”. Journal of Heredity 98 (5): 526–530. doi:10.1093/jhered/esm060. PMID 17646274.

[16] Meyers, VN; Jezyk, PF; Aguirre, GD; Patterson, DF (1983). “Short-limbed dwarfism and ocular defects in the Samoyed dog”. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 183 (9): 975–9. PMID 12002589.

[17] Acland, Gregory M. (1991). “Retinal dysplasia in the Samoyed dog is the heterozygous phenotype of the gene (drds) for short limbed dwarfism and ocular defects”. Transactions of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmology 22: 44.

[18] Pellegrini, B; Acland, GM; Ray, J (2002). “Cloning and characterization of opticin cDNA: evaluation as a candidate for canine oculo-skeletal dysplasia”. Gene 282 (1–2): 121–131. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00842-3. PMID 11814684.

[19] McCaw, D; Aronson, E (1984).“Congenital cardiac disease in dogs”. Modern veterinary practice 65 (7): 509–12. PMID 6749116.

[20] Martin, SW; Kirby, K; Pennock, PW (1980). “Canine hip dysplasia: breed effects”. The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne 21 (11): 293–6. PMC 1789813. PMID 7459792.

[21] Craig, Mark (2006).“Clinical refresher: Canine sebaceous adenitis”. Companion Animal 11 (5): 62–8. doi:10.1111/j.2044- 3862.2006.tb00066.x.

[22] “Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey”.

[23] “Collie or Pug? Study Finds the Genetic Code”. The New York Times. 21 May 2004. Retrieved 11 June 2011. 34 CHAPTER 7. SAMOYED (DOG)

7.9 Further reading

• Bernard, MA; Valli, VE (1977).“Familial renal disease in Samoyed dogs”. The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne 18 (7): 181–9. PMC 1697612. PMID 884645. • Meyers, VN; Jezyk, PF; Aguirre, GD; Patterson, DF (1983).“Short-limbed dwarfism and ocular defects in the Samoyed dog”. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 183 (9): 975–9. PMID 12002589.

• Kimmel, SE; Ward, CR; Henthorn, PS; Hess, RS (2002). “Familial insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Samoyed dogs”. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 38 (3): 235–8. doi:10.5326/0380235. PMID 12022409.

7.10 External links

Samoyed (dog) at DMOZ Chapter 8

Sapsali

The Sapsal is a shaggy Korean breed of dog. The word is followed in Korean by either gae (meaning “dog”) or the suffix ee/i, but is most commonly romanized as “Sapsaree”. Traditionally, these dogs were believed to dispel ghosts and evil spirits.*[1]

8.1 Description

Sapsaree, just like the Korean Jindo dog, was designated as a National Treasure (No.368) in 1992 by the Korean Government. The Sapsaree has been identified and recognized by both leading Korean dog societies, the Korean Canine Club (FCI affiliate) and the Korean Kennel Club.

8.1.1 Appearance

The Sapsaree has been called a “lion dog”for its bulky and strong upper body and its large and imposing paws. Sapsarees are medium-sized and slightly tall. Their adult coat is long and abundant, and comes in various colors, including solid and/or mixed shades of black, golden yellowish-blonde, reddish-orange, browns, and salt-and-pepper greys. Their hair falls over the eyes in the same manner as that of the Old English Sheepdog.

8.1.2 Temperament

The Sapsaree's friendly outer appearance is matched by its innate patience and congeniality towards other animals and human beings. They are known to be playful in a group setting and have long been acknowledged and valued for their loyalty.

8.1.3 Height and weight

Male: 50–58 cm (20–23 in) / 18–28 kg (40-62 lbs) Female: 48–55 cm (19–22 in) / 16–25 kg (35-55 lbs)

8.2 History

The breed was very popular among aristocrats of Silla and may have been used as military dogs. After the collapse of Unified Silla, the Sapsaree breed became popular throughout the Korean peninsula, appearing in classic Chosun era literary works such as “Chunhyangjeon”and “Yeolha Ilgi”. Near extinction in the mid-1980s, the breed was revived using the eight remaining dogs.*[2]

35 36 CHAPTER 8. SAPSALI

8.3 See also

• Korean Jindo Dog • Pungsan Dog

• Korean Mastiff

8.4 References

[1] “Sapsaree Dispeller of Evil Spirits”. Worldly Dogs, 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2012.

[2] “Man Saves Rare Sasparee Dog Breed From Extinction”. Global Animal. September 27, 2011.

8.5 External links

• sapsaree.org

• Photos • National Dog, Volume 7 Number 5, May 2004 •

• Chapter 9

Šarplaninac

The Šarplaninac, Šarplaninec or Illyrian Sheepdog (in Albanian: Deltari Ilir, Qeni i Sharrit, meaning Illyrian Dog or Dog of Sharr; Macedonian: Шарпланинец; Serbian Cyrillic: Шарпланинац, literal translation: [Dog] of the Šar Mountains or Šar Mountain Dog, also known as Sharplaninac/Sharplaninec or Yugoslav Shepherd Dog- Šarplanina*[3]*[4]*[5]) is a dog breed of the livestock guardian type originally from the border area between Kosovo*[a], Macedonia and Albania (the Šar mountains).

9.1 Appearance

The Šarplaninac is a large, strongly built dog. The body is slightly longer than the height at the withers, and the front legs account for approximately 55% of the height. The head is large but proportional to the body, with dark eyes.

9.1.1 Size

The Šarplaninac is a robust, well proportioned dog with plenty of bone, of a size that is well above the average and with a thick, long, rather coarse coat that emphasizes the short coupled appearance. According to the FCI breed standard males should weigh between 35 and 45 kilograms (77 and 99 lb) with females slightly smaller at around 30–40 kilograms (66–88 lb).*[3] The average height is quoted as 62 centimetres (24 in) for males with females at 58 centimetres (23 in).*[3]

9.1.2 Coat

The coat is dense, about 4 inches (10 cm) in length, and can be rough or smooth.

9.1.3 Colour

All Šarplaninac are solid in colour: fawn, iron grey, white or almost black; usually sable or gray with darker“overalls” on the head and back, the undercoat being paler. The colour need not be completely uniform, and most Šarplaninac have several different shades of the same colour fading into one another. There are no bicolours and no uniformly black-coated dogs among purebreds, but odd-coloured specimens do exist. The dogs must not have large white patches in their coat.

9.2 Temperament

The temperament of the breed is described as independent, reliable, protective but not snappy, incorruptible and devoted to its master. The breed is aloof with outsiders, and calm until a threat to the flock presents itself. The breed has an extremely protective nature. In the absence of a flock of sheep, the Šarplaninac will often treat its humans as sheep - herding them away from danger or undesirable areas. They are serene and majestic, gentle with children and

37 38 CHAPTER 9. ŠARPLANINAC

Sarplaninac 9.2. TEMPERAMENT 39

Šarplaninac guard sheep near Lake Peak in Kosovo. smaller dogs. They are also highly intelligent and bred to work without human supervision while guarding the flocks in the high pastures. Young pups can kill small animals until trained not to hunt. Like many of its cousin Mountain dogs, the Šarplaninac is a very serious and dedicated guard dog. Due to this, they are naturally suspicious of strangers and will need good socializing at a young age to lessen this innate personality trait. They are calm and gentle with their family but when faced with danger they become a formidable foe, not a suitable breed for all. Consistent and firm training is essential to ensure compliance.

9.2.1 Working life

The Šarplaninac is a reserved and intuitive breed, stubborn and undemonstrative, but if properly trained and handled with authority, it excels at a variety of tasks. Dog-aggression and wariness of strangers are common traits of the Šarplaninac, which is why early socialization is of utmost importance. Heavily-boned and muscular, the dog has a full top-coat, with an abundant dense undercoat, making it weatherproof and suited for an outside life. The Šarplaninac has been known to fight or chase off wolves, lynxes and even bears. The breed can also work cattle and serve as a guard dog. They were first used as military dogs in 1928 by the army of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and later under Josip Broz Tito in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Nowadays these dogs are used by the Military of Serbia as guard dogs in mountainous regions. Since 1975, successful exports have been carried out to the United States and Canada to control coyotes, and the Šarplaninac is now gaining recognition as a hard-working, able flock guard in these two countries.

• Šarplaninac •

•

• 40 CHAPTER 9. ŠARPLANINAC

Šarplaninac service dogs of the Royal Yugoslav Army

Training of Šarplaninac in Yugoslav People's Army 9.3. SEE ALSO 41

•

9.3 See also

• Karst Shepherd

9.4 Notes

9.5 References

[1] Gino Pugnetti; Elizabeth Meriwether Schuler, ed. (1980). Simon and Schuster's Guide to Dogs, New York : Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0-671-50696-X, ISBN 0-671-25527-4, ISBN 0-671-25526-6, p. 67 – Illyrian Sheepdog

[2] The Fédération Cynologique Internationale breeds nomenclature

[3] Official FCI-Standard N° 41

[4] The breed was initially standardised by the Yugoslavian Federation of Cynology (Jugoslovenski kinološki savez, JKS) and recognised as a Yugoslavian breed with two types by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1939 under the designation Ilirski ovčar (Illyrian Shepherd Dog), FCI-Standard N° 41. Kraški ovčar and Šarplaninac were considered Type A and B of the breed. In 1957 the General Assembly of the F.C.I. accepted a motion proposed by the Yugoslavian Federation of Cynology to change the name of the breed to Jugoslovenski ovčarski pas Šarplaninac (Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina), and this is the official name of the breed. After the collapse of Yugoslavia, Macedonia and Serbia were recognised as the countries of origin. In 1968, type B was recognised as a separate breed under the designation Kraški ovčar (Karst Shepherd Dog), FCI-Standard N° 278.

[5] United Kennel Club: Official U.K.C. Breed Standard, Revised 1 July 2009. – Retrieved on 30 March 2010.

9.6 External links

• Šarplaninac at DMOZ Chapter 10

Schapendoes

The Schapendoes (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsxaːpəndus]) or Dutch Sheepdog, is a breed of dog originating in the Netherlands. The Schapendoes was originally a herding dog and general farm dog, but today also participates in dog sports such as agility and flyball.

10.1 History

The Schapendoes descends from a general type of farm and herding dog popular in the Drenthe province of the Netherlands, and the Veluwe, an area of forests and swampland. The dogs there had many names, and were not a specific breed as we use the term today. They were the local working dog, adapted to the people, environment, and types of work needed. They were exhibited in early dog shows (in the 1870s) as Domestic herding dog. The dogs became nearly extinct during World War II, and the modern day breed descends from the few survivors. The Dutch Raad van Beheer (national kennel club) first recognised the breed in 1952, and the first standard was written in 1954. Related breeds are the Bearded Collie, the Puli, the Owczarek Nizinny, the Old English Sheepdog, the Briard, the Bergamasco Shepherd Dog (Cane da pastore Bergamasco) and the Old German Sheepdog (Schafspudel), all of which are small versions of the “mountain type”herding and livestock guardian dogs.*[1] The breed was recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1971, as breed number 313 in Group 1, Section 1: Sheepdogs.*[2] Exported to the North America, the breed is recognised by the Canadian Kennel Club (as Dutch Sheepdog)*[3] and the United Kennel Club (USA) in their respective Herding Groups. The American Kennel Club has listed the Schapendoes as part of its Foundation Stock Service, the first step in breed recognition.*[4] In addition it is recognised by numerous minor kennel clubs and internet-based dog registry businesses.

10.2 Appearance

The Schapendoes is a medium sized dog with long, thick fur on the body, legs, tail, and face. Small ears hang down, covered with long fur. The face has a moustache and beard. The coat is of any colour. Height is up to 50 cm (19.7 in) at the withers and 12–20 kg (26–44 lb), up to 25 kg (55 lb) for males, in weight.

10.3 Temperament

The breed standard describes the Schapendoes as friendly, high spirited, and affectionate. He is not a guard dog or aggressively protective, and if properly socialised while young, would most likely make a good family dog, as well as a good dog for active sports. Lively and intelligent dogs must receive regular training and outings. Temperament of individual dogs may vary. The Schapendoes is furthermore very independent and cooperate with its trainer rather than obey orders.

42 10.3. TEMPERAMENT 43 44 CHAPTER 10. SCHAPENDOES

10.4 Health

Health problems or claims of exceptional health have not been documented for this breed. Before acquiring a puppy, make sure that sire and dame have all health clearances.

10.5 See also

• Landrace

10.6 References

[1] Brief Historical Summary, in the breed standard (DOC file)

[2] Group 1, Section 1

[3] Canadian Kennel Club Breeds

[4] Schapendoes, American Kennel Club

10.7 External links

• Schapendoes club in the Netherlands • International Schapendoes Federation a group working to coordinate breed development internationally

• The American Kennel Club lists two breed clubs, but when the breed is accepted, there will be only one parent breed club. The Schapendoes Club USA will be vying with the Schapendoes Club of America Chapter 11

Schillerstövare

The Schillerstövare, translated as the Schiller Hound in English, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating as a hunting dog in Sweden in the late 19th century.

11.1 Appearance

The Schillerstövare is a medium to large sized running hound for hunting fox and hare, standing 53–61 cm (21-24 ins) at the withers and weighing 18–25 kg (40-55 lbs). The coat is harsh and not too short, lying close to the body. The colour is black and tan, a tan body with a black mantle on the back. The drop ears are broad and not excessively long, and the long tail is carried on a line with the back when running. Faults in the breed (which indicate the dog should not be bred) include items of structure that would impede running, such as obtuse angle between shoulder blade and upper arm and restricted hind movement, along with dish faced and aloofness.*[1]

11.2 History

The Schillerstövare originated in southern Germany as a mix of Swiss hounds and the Harrier, and is named after a Swedish farmer, Per Schiller (1858–1892), who exhibited the breed at the first Swedish dog show in 1886.*[1] The Swedish Kennel Club recognised the breed in 1907. It is recognised internationally by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as breed number 131. The breed is still used as a hunting dog, and was recognised by the United Kennel Club in the United States in 2006.*[2] The breed is also recognized by a number of minor registries, hunting clubs, and internet-based dog registries.

11.3 Health and temperament

No unusual diseases or claims of extraordinary health have been documented for this breed. The breed standard describes the ideal temperament as lively and attentive.

11.4 References

[1] Breed Standard

[2] United Kennel Club, Schiller Hound

11.5 External links

• Schillerstövare at DMOZ

45 Chapter 12

Schipperke

A Schipperke (/ˈskɪpərkiː/; Dutch: [ˈsxɪpərkə]) is a small Belgian breed of dog that originated in the early 16th century. There has been a long informal debate over whether this type of dog is a spitz or miniature sheepdog. In their home country of Belgium they are considered a small shepherd.*[1]

12.1 Description

A Schipperke showing the ruff around the neck area.

46 12.2. HEALTH 47

Their small, pointed ears are erect atop the head. Schipperkes are double coated with a soft, fluffy undercoat that is covered by a harsher-feeling and longer outer coat. One of the breed characteristics is a long ruff that surrounds the neck and then a strip trails down towards the rear of the dog. They also have longer fur on their hind legs called culottes. The breed is black, or blonde (some blondes have a silkier coat), and the coat is shiny. Dogs of this breed usually weigh 3–9 kg (7–20 lbs). Puppies are born with tails in different lengths. In Canada and the United States, the tail is usually docked the day after birth. In countries that have bans on docking, Schipperkes display their natural tails, which vary in type. Known for a stubborn, mischievous, and headstrong temperament, it also chases small animals. The Schipperke is sometimes referred to as the“little black fox”, the“Tasmanian black devil”, or the“little black devil”. They are naturally curious and high-energy dogs and require ample exercise and supervision. Schipperkes are very smart and independent; and sometimes debate listening to owners, instead choosing to do whatever benefits them the most, and are not necessarily the proper dog for a first-time dog owner. Schipperkes require training and a secure, fenced-in space to run. They are formidable barkers and can be aggressive with other dogs. Otherwise they are all over good dogs, and their personality is a matter of how they are raised, and who they are around. They often have a high prey drive, focusing on rodents and small animals, and can excel at obedience and agility competitions.*[2]

12.2 Health

The Schipperke has no particular health problems. The UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of the breed at 13 years old, with about 20% living to 15 years or more. Of the 36 deceased dogs in the survey, the oldest dog was 17 1/2 years old.*[3] Nonetheless, inactivity, lack of exercise and over-feeding are very harmful, and can lead to joint and skeletal problems and tooth, heart, lung or digestive conditions. Schipperke's primary orthopedic problem tends to be luxating patella and Legg-Perthes syndrome. Some Schipperkes have demonstrated tendencies to epilepsy, although there are no tests: these seem to be related to genetic transmission...*[4] The one caveat to the Schipperke's good health is MPS IIIB, a genetic mutation that occurs in at most 15% of the total breed population. It only occurs in Schipperkes. The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine has developed a test for the disease and began accepting samples in April 2003.*[5] Clinical signs appear between two and four years of age, and there are no known cures or treatments. The disease affects balance, negotiation of obstacles (such as stairs), and is similar to such lysosomal storage diseases in humans as Tay Sachs disease and Gaucher disease.*[6] The Schipperke is also prone to some other physical problems as reported by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals.*[7]

12.3 Grooming

The Schipperke does not need expensive or excessive grooming. This breed is a moderate shedder, however. A brush that can reach the undercoat is the best. Regular weekly brushing is usually enough to keep the coat in good condition. There is no need for cutting or trimming and the ruff (hair around the neck) fluffs up naturally. Schipperkes can “blow”their coats up to several times a year, and usually females more frequently than males. When this happens, they lose their undercoat. Owners typically find warm baths helpful during this time to remove the undercoat, rather than getting fur all over the home. Blowing their undercoat can last several days or weeks, and can take up to 2–3 months for Schipperkes to grow back.

12.4 History

Schipperkes were first recognized as a formal breed in the 1880s, their standard being written in 1889. Much of what is known of their origins and early history comes from Chasse et Pêche (French for “Hunting and Fishing”) magazine, articles of which were translated into English and published by the English magazine The Stockkeeper. The breed name of “Schipperke”, in English-speaking nations, was thought to mean “little boatman”. However while they were occasionally seen on barges it was not their original or primary function, and in the areas of Leuven and Brussels “schipper”was the word for shepherd, making the name translate as “little shepherd”.*[8] Before the name“Schipperke”was officially taken, the breed was also known colloquially as“Spits”or“Spitzke” 48 CHAPTER 12. SCHIPPERKE

Schipperkes circa 1897

, a name commonly used to describe a small dog with pointed ears. They were also occasionally called “Moorke” , meaning “little black animal”. Schipperkes are widely referred to in the United States, albeit erroneously, as “Belgian barge dogs”or “Belgian ship dogs.”Apparently, however, their history dates to a seventeenth century black shepherd dog commonly called the Leuvenaar, a 40-pound dog often found in the Louvain region of Belgium and employed to guard flocks and transport. These dogs are apparently the foundation breed for both the modern, and smaller, Skipperke and the modern, and larger, Black Belgian Shepherd Dog, also known as the Groenendael.*[9] In World War II, the Belgian Resistance used the dogs to run messages between various resistance hideouts and cells, to which occupying Nazi Forces were none the wiser. A Schipperke is intermittently featured in the tiger-centric movie Two Brothers (2004).

12.5 See also

• Belgian Shepherd Groenendael, also known as the Black Belgian Shepherd. • Belgian Shepherd Laekenois • Belgian Shepherd Malinois • Belgian Shepherd Tervuren

12.6 References

[1] http://www.schipperke.be/mainen/index.php/artikels/breed-name 12.7. EXTERNAL LINKS 49

[2] Schipperke Club, Club Flyer AKC, Sept. 2008.

[3] “Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey”.

[4] Skipperke Club, p. 2

[5] University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mucopolysaccharidosis IIB (MPS IIIB), 2008

[6] University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine,“New DNA-based Test for Inherited Diseases in Schipperkes.” The Bellwether 56:Sept. 2003, pp 7, 9.

[7] Schipperke health survey. Orthopedic Foundation For Animals. offa.org

[8] http://www.schipperke.be/mainen/index.php/artikels/breed-name

[9] American Kennel Club, History of the Skipperke, AKC, 2013.

12.7 External links

• Schipperke at DMOZ Chapter 13

Standard Schnauzer

The Standard Schnauzer is the original breed of the three breeds of Schnauzer, and despite its wiry coat and general appearance, is not related to the British terriers. Rather, its origins are in old herding and guard breeds of Europe. Generally classified as a working or utility dog, this versatile breed is a robust, squarely built, medium-sized dog with aristocratic bearing. It has been claimed that it was a popular subject of painters Sir Joshua Reynolds, Albrecht Dürer and Rembrandt, but actual proof remains elusive.*[1]*[2] Standard Schnauzers are either salt-and-pepper or black in color, and are known for exhibiting many of the “ideal” traits of any breed. These include high intelligence, agility, alertness, reliability, strength and endurance. This breed of dog has been very popular in Europe, specifically Germany, where it originated. The breed was first exhibited at a show in Hanover in 1879, and since then have taken top honors in many shows including the prestigious “Best in Show at Westminster Kennel Club" in the United States in 1997.*[3]

13.1 History

In the Middle Ages, schnauzer-type dogs of medium size were developed from herding, ratting and guardian breeds in Western Europe. A dog of the peasant farmer for centuries, with the advent of dog showing in the 19th century they finally captured the interest of German dog fanciers, who began to standardize their look and temperament for the show ring. Standard Schnauzers were mixed with the German Black Standard Poodle and the German Pinscher, giving the Standard Schnauzer a “regal”look. In the earliest days of the show schnauzer, puppies from a single litter could be classified as either German Pinschers (short-haired puppies) or schnauzers (long-coated wire-haired puppies), dependent only on coat length. Some of the original coat types German Pinscher breed may have been lost during WWI (it has since been brought back from different stock) the pepper-and-salt coat that is the trademark of the Standard Schnauzer breed in North America could be seen in the German Pincher (called the silberpinsch), attesting to the close relationship between the two breeds in modern times. It was also in the late 19th century that the medium- sized schnauzer was developed into three different breeds/sizes: the Miniature, the Standard (the original), and the Giant. Speaking on the more distant origins of the breed, writers from the late 19th century proposed that the grey Wolfspitz and black German poodles contributed to the early development of the schnauzer, though this has yet to be confirmed through genetic work. The three schnauzer breeds take their name from one of their kind, a medium-sized show dog named“Schnauzer”, who won at the 1879 Hanover Show in Germany. The word Schnauzer (from the German word for 'snout', recalling the long hair on the muzzle) appeared for the first time in 1842 when used as a synonym for the Wire-haired Pinscher (the name under which the breed first competed at dog shows). The schnauzer was first imported into the United States in the early 1900s. In modern history, the Standard Schnauzer has taken on a variety of roles. The Red Cross used the dogs for guard duty during World War I. Both German and (in one documented instance) American police departments have put the dogs to work as well. Several Standard Schnauzers have been used in the USA for drug and bomb detection, and also as search-and-rescue dogs.

50 13.2. APPEARANCE 51

Schnauzer of medium size in 1915.

The current Standard Schnauzer excels at obedience, agility, tracking, herding, therapy work and, in Germany, schutzhund. Despite being a popular pet in Europe, the Standard Schnauzer has never gained wide popularity in North America. For the past 20 years, the American Kennel Club has registered only ~540 Standard Schnauzer puppies a year (compared with ~100,000 Labrador Retriever puppies each year).

13.2 Appearance

Distinguished by their long beards and eyebrows, Standard Schnauzers are always pepper and salt or less commonly black in color, with a stiff and wiry hair coat on the body similar to that of other wirehaired breeds. Their hair will perpetually grow in length without properly shedding, but contrary to popular belief Standard Schnauzers are not hypo-allergenic and they all shed to some degree. The more wiry – and correct and weather-resistant – the coat, the more that the coat will shed, though the hair dropped from a single dog is said to be nearly unnoticeable. 52 CHAPTER 13. STANDARD SCHNAUZER

Black cropped-ear female (1.5 y/o) and Pepper-and-salt natural-ear male (9mo) out of same U.S. kennel

13.3 Care

13.3.1 Grooming

Twice a year, when most other breeds of dog are shedding their coat, a Schnauzerʼs coat will become dull and relatively easy to pull out and is said to have ʻblownʼ. At this point the coat can be stripped or pulled out by hand and a new wire coat will re-grow in its place. Stripping is not painful for the dog and can be performed at any stage of hair growth although it is easier to do when the coat is ʻblownʼ. Alternatively, the coat can be regularly clipped with shears. Clipping as opposed to stripping results in a loss of the wiry texture and some of the fullness of the coat. Dogs with clipped fur no longer ʻblowʼtheir coat but the coat loses its wiry texture and becomes soft. The fur of clipped dogs tends to be more prone to tangling and knots, particularly when long, and is duller in color than that of stripped coats. In the case of the salt and pepper Schnauzers, the characteristic banded color of the hair is completely lost when maintained through clipping; each shaft of hair becomes entirely gray rather than being banded with multiple shades of gray, white, and black. Clipping is most common in the U.S. as it can be difficult to locate a professional willing to hand strip (the process is quite labor-intensive). In Europe, it is very uncommon to see a wire-coated dog which is clipped. It may not be possible to hand strip a poor quality coat, i.e. one that is soft in texture, but soft coats (while relatively common in pet-quality Miniature Schnauzers), are not a widespread problem in Standards. Regardless of whether the body of the coat is stripped or clipped, the 'furnishings' or longer hair on the legs and face must be scissored or clipped regularly and require daily brushing to remain free of potentially painful mats. Whether a Schnauzer is stripped or clipped, his coat requires a great deal of grooming. In most cases this means an owner must either take care to learn the required grooming - for which the dog's breeder should be a great resource - or the owner must take their dog in for regular, often expensive, trips to a grooming salon. 13.4. TEMPERAMENT 53

Two female Standard Schnauzers, natural ears on the left from a Canadian kennel, cropped ears on the right, from a U.S. kennel.

13.3.2 Docking and cropping

Inside the U.S. and Canada, ears and tail and dewclaws are typically docked as a puppy. Veterinarians or experienced breeders will cut tails and dewclaws between 3 and 7 days of age. Tails are traditionally docked to around three vertebrae. Ear cropping is usually performed at about 10 weeks of age in a veterinary clinic. Many breeders inside North America have begun to crop only those puppies retained for show purposes, or those puppies whose owners request it. There is still somewhat of a bias against natural ears in the North American show ring. However, there is a growing sentiment among breeders and judges that both ear types are equally show-worthy, and many North American show breeders enjoy both cropped and natural eared dogs in their kennels. However, unlike in Europe, the majority of North American breeders believe that the choice of whether to cut ears and/or tails should continue to remain with the breeders and owners. Outside of North America, most Standard Schnauzers retain both their natural ears and tail as docking is now prohibited by law in many countries.

13.4 Temperament

The smallest of the working breeds, the Standard schnauzer makes a loyal family dog with guardian instincts. Most will protect their home from uninvited visitors with a deep and robust bark. Originally a German farmdog, they adapt well to any climatic condition, including cold winters. In general, they typically are good with children and were once known in Germany as “kinderwachters”. If properly trained and socialized early to different ages, races, and temperaments of people, they can be very patient and tolerant in any situation. Like other working dogs, Standard Schnauzers require a fairly strong-willed owner that can be consistent and firm with training and commands. Standard Schnauzers also widely known to be intelligent and easy to train. They have been called “the dog with a human brain”, and in Stanley Coren's book The Intelligence of Dogs, they are rated 18th out of 80 breeds on the ability to learn new commands and to obey known commands. Standard Schnauzers are extremely versatile, excelling at dog sports such as agility, obedience, tracking, disc dog, flyball and herding. Members of the breed have been used in the last 30 years in the United States as for bomb detection, search and rescue, and skin and lung cancer detection. 54 CHAPTER 13. STANDARD SCHNAUZER

Hand-stripped black female Standard Schnauzer.

Like most working dogs, Standard Schnauzers will be rambunctious until about the age of two; and lots of exercise will keep them busy. Owners must be prepared to mentally and physically stimulate their Schnauzer every day, even into their old age. Like other high-intelligence breeds, a bored Schnauzer is a destructive Schnauzer. According to the Standard Schnauzer Club of America, “The Standard Schnauzer is considered a high-energy dog. They need ample exercise not only for physical well-being, but also for emotional well-being. The minimum amount an adult dog should get is the equivalent of a one long walk a day. This walk should be brisk enough to keep the dog at a steady trotting pace in order to keep the dog in prime physical condition. The Standard Schnauzer puppy is constantly exploring, learning and testing his limits. As adults, they are always ready for a walk in the woods, a ride in the car, a training session or any other activity that allows them to be with their owner. This is a breed that knows how to be on the alert, even when relaxing by the feet of their owner.*[4]

13.5 Health

Overall, the Standard Schnauzer is a very healthy breed. The 2008 health survey done by the Standard Schnauzer Club of America revealed that roughly only 1% of dogs surveyed had serious health issues.*[5] The final, full report can be found here; a general summary is as follows:

• Data was collected for 10-15% of eligible dogs; • Median life span was 12.9 years • Only a few serious diseases were noted; • Potentially serious conditions affect less than 1% of dogs • Apparent progress has been made in reducing the incidence of hip dysplasia 13.5. HEALTH 55

Male Std. Schnauzer with natural ears.

The two major hereditary within the breed are: hip dysplasia and hereditary eye disease. Both problems can be tested for and identified in breeding stock before they pass the trait onto the next generation, so the Standard Schnauzer Club of America recommends that every kennel test their breeding stock for hip and eye problems before breeding and to breed only healthy animals. However, it is entirely up to breeders whether they choose to health test their animals and whether they choose use animals for breeding despite knowing they have tested positive for carrying a genetic disease. The SSCA also encourages all potential buyers to ask their breeder for up to date OFA and CERF certifications of the parent dogs before buying a puppy. 56 CHAPTER 13. STANDARD SCHNAUZER

The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals found at www.offa.org keeps a record of purebred animals that have passed an x-ray screening for hip dysplasia. Dogs must be a minimum of two years old to be OFA tested. The OFA results reported in the 2008 SSCA Health Survey are as follows: The cost of OFA testing is relatively high (about 150-200 USD per dog per year) and borne directly by breeders. OFA testing is not required for AKC registration of breeding stock or their offspring so the benefits of a good OFA test scores are more indirect and long range for individual breeders while a poor results represent a direct negative impact. Responsible buyers looking to buy from responsible breeders should only choose puppies from a litter where both parents have current OFA test certificates and scores of “excellent”, “good”, “fair”. The Canine Eye Registration Foundation is a registry for purebred breeding stock who have been certified free of any hereditary eye disease: results for this test can also be found at the OFA website. Dogs must be examined by an approved veterinarian who checks for the presence of heritable eye diseases. Testing is less inexpensive (about 20-40 USD) than OFA examinations but, like OFA testing, must be done annually to remain valid.

13.6 Famous Schnauzers

• From the AKC: "Rembrandt painted several Schnauzers, Lucas Cranach the Elder shows one in a tapestry dated 1501, and in the 18th century one appears in a canvas of the English painter Sir Joshua Reynolds. In the marketplace of Mecklenburg,*[6] Germany, is a statue of a hunter dating from the 14th century, with a Schnauzer crouching at his feet which conforms very closely to the present-day show Standard.”*[1]

• George, the cancer-sniffing dog, has received much acclaim. "*[7]

• Blu, Franklin's pet blue dog in the comic Monica's Gang

• Colin in the UK comedy series Spaced, became a regular feature in the middle of the first series.

• Shunaemon from the manga and TV series Fortune Dogs

• Junkers, a talking schnauzer from the anime film Junkers Come Here

• Asta, the dog belonging to Nick and Nora Charles, in the Dashiell Hammett detective novel The Thin Man, was a female Schnauzer (presumably a Standard, based on the size she's indicated to be). In the subsequent film series based on the novel, she was instead depicted as a male Fox Terrier.

13.7 See also

• Miniature Schnauzer

• Giant Schnauzer

13.8 References

[1] AKC Breeds: Standard Schnauzer - Retrieved September 7, 2008

[2] Schnauzers in Art

[3] - Westminster Kennel Club - Results - Retrieved September 1, 2008

[4] Standard Schnauzer Club of America Website - Retrieved September 7, 2008

[5] Standard Schnauzer Club of America - FAQs - Retrieved March 11, 2010

[6] Vogue. Condé Nast Publications. 1 November 1938. p. 39. Still further evidence of the breed's great antiquity is the statue in the market-place at Mechlenburg. It dates back to the fourteenth century and shows a hunter with a dog (unmistakably a Schnauzer) crouching at his feet. 13.9. EXTERNAL LINKS 57

[7] Standard Schnauzer Club of America - Helper - Retrieved September 7, 2008

• Fogle, Bruce, DVM (2000). The New Encyclopedia of the Dog. Doring Kindersley (DK). ISBN 0-7894-6130- 7.

13.9 External links

• Standard Schnauzer at DMOZ Chapter 14

Schweizer Laufhund

The Schweizer Laufhund is a breed of hound dog, originally from Switzerland.

14.1 History

The Swiss Hound has very ancient origins. Its presence in times of the Roman Helvetia is certified on a mosaic, discovered at Avenches, by the representation of packhounds corresponding to the varieties of Swiss hounds. In the 15th century, it was sought after by Italian dog lovers and in the 18th century, by the French, for its exceptional aptitude for hunting hare. Its native lines have certainly been influenced by scenthounds of French breeding brought back to Switzerland by mercenaries. In 1882, a standard was established for each of the five varieties of the Swiss Hound. In 1909, those standards were revised and the total disappearance of the hound of Thurgovie was noted. On 22 January 1933, one single standard was established for the 4 varieties of the Swiss Hound. Interestingly Adolf Hitler owned one of these dogs, giving it the name “The Schweizer Luftwaffe”. The ancient variety, the hound of the Jura type St. Hubert, is very rare nowadays. This ancient variety is still used for hunting in some areas in France and Canada.

14.2 Appearance

The Schweizer Laufhund is of medium size; it has good conformation indicating strength and endurance; it has a lean head and long muzzle with long leathers giving an air of nobility. There are 5 varieties of the Swiss Hound :

• Bernese Hound,

• Jura type St. Hubert • Bruno Jura Hound,

• Lucerne Hound, • Schwyz Hound.

14.3 External links

1. http://www.continentalkennelclub.com/Ads.aspx?BreedNum=2189, The continental kennel club.

58 14.3. EXTERNAL LINKS 59

Franz Rudolf Frisching in the uniform of an officer of the Bernese Huntsmen Corps with his Berner Laufhund, painted by Jean Preudhomme in 1785 Chapter 15

Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund

The Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund (FCI No, 60) (translated into English as the Swiss Hound, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type from Switzerland. Niederlaufhund means short-legged hound. The breed has a number of different varieties (all of the same breed).

15.1 Appearance

The general appearance is of a hound similar to the Schweizer Laufhund, with a smaller body and shorter legs. The breed has long drop ears and a long tail. Size is 35–43 cm (13.8 −16.9 ins) at the withers, females somewhat smaller. The varieties of the Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund are arranged by coat colour and texture:

• Small Bernese Hound (Berner Niederlaufhund) - tricolour: white, black and tan, tan marks over the eyes. • smooth-haired Small Bernese Hound - short and smooth coat • coarse-haired Small Bernese Hound - harsh single coat, small beard on the face • Small Jura Hound (Jura Niederlaufhund) -smooth single coat, black with tan markings above the eyes, some white. • Small Lucerne Hound (Luzerner Niederlaufhund) - smooth white coat speckled with grey or black to give a blue appearance, with black patches and tan marks over the eyes. • Small Schwyz Hound (Schwyzer Niederlaufhund )- smooth white coat with yellow-red to orange-red patches.

15.2 History

The smaller, shorter-legged hounds were bred from the Schweizer Laufhund in the early 1900s, for hunting in smaller areas. The Schweizer Niederlaufhund Club was formed in 1905.*[1]

15.3 References

[1] Breed Standard

15.4 External links

• Search The Open Directory Project (DMOZ) links for clubs and information about the chweizerischer Nieder- laufhund

60 Chapter 16

Scotch Collie

Scottish Collie or Scotch Collie was a Victorian-era term originally given to the collie dog derived from Scotland and nearby regions. Diversity of type was much more common during the 17th to very early 20th centuries. Type was varied, but the dogs could easily be discerned as being Collie dogs.“Scotch”was for the most part dropped from the name by the late 20th century. A small group of fanciers of the old-fashioned collie type have attempted to resurrect this type of dog, and utilize the name of Scotch Collie. Unfortunately, only a small number of “throwbacks”to the old-fashioned type exist, and so the fanciers have often resorted to using other breeds of the Collie family (most notably English shepherds, Australian shepherds or Border Collies) to help bring back the type they desire. Scotch Collie was the name given to what is now commonly known as the Collie (Rough-coated and Smooth-coated). Certain other breeds, most notably Collie descendants such as the English Shepherd, Australian Shepherd, and Border Collie, have sometimes also been referred to as the Scotch Collie. During the Victorian and Edwardian era the name was used to describe nearly all types of Collie dogs of English, Irish, and Welsh ancestry. In some regions, it described the dogs having the appearance and bloodlines deriving from the border regions of Scotland; in others, for dogs from the highland regions. In America, the term was mostly used to describe the entire land-race of collie dogs. After the turn of the 20th century in America, the AKC Scotch Collie was developed using dogs of primarily the highland regions of Scotland, the low country and border regions of Scotland and England. However, it is believed that Collie dogs from both Ireland and Wales were included as well(see Rough Collie). The Highlander's Collies tended to be a bit larger, yet lighter-boned and longer legged than the border country Collie dogs, requiring the ability to survive on as little as possible, yet still be able to handle the large and surly“black face or Colley sheep.”Just a few of the other names that the breed was once known by include: Colley, Shepherd Dog, Cur Dog, Ban Dog, Scottish Shepherd of Sheepdog, English Sheepdog, Smooth English Sheepdog, among other names for the same breed or landrace of dog.*[1] Books such as Bob, Son of Battle (Alfred Olliphant) and Lassie Come Home (Eric Knight; later turned into a major movie) were written about the Scotch Collie which is one and the same as the Collie. It was sometime during the mid 1900s that the use of the prefix Scotch was generally dropped as the breed had become extremely popular and the prefix Rough or Smooth differentiated the two coat types as “Rough Collie " and “Smooth Collie.”*[1] The Scotch Collie was utilized in the development of a multitude of modern dog breeds such as the Shetland Sheepdog, Australian Shepherd, English Shepherd, Border Collie, Gordon Setter, Australian Kelpie, Australian Cattle Dog, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, etc. See Collie for other types of Collie and related dog types.

16.1 History of Rough and Smooth Collies

16.1.1 Origin

The origin and history of the Scotch Collie is not entirely known, but we do know that it included ancestors originating in Scotland and northern England. Before this time, however, the breed has an ancestry that spans thousands of years as the Scotch Collie's ancestors had been used to herd sheep and cattle for many centuries in both the Highlands of Scotland and throughout early England. The word “collie”is thought to come from the word for “black”or “coal”in Old English. But the word could also trace to Gaelic or/and Irish, in which the words for “doggie”are, respectively, càilean and cóilean. It is also possible the word collie is of mutual English and Gaelic derivation.

61 62 CHAPTER 16. SCOTCH COLLIE

The Scotch Collie breed consists of both the Rough Collie and the Smooth Collie. Both coats have existed as far back as the breed is known. However, it is believed that originally the long-haired version may have been smaller than the current dogs. Larger size could have been bred for, or it could be the result of better health and vet care. Although the Scotch Collie and its ancestors had been used for a number of centuries as a working dog herding sheep and cattle, it was in England in the 19th century that the dog became popular as a pet and show dog rather than a working dog breed. Queen Victoria took an interest in Scotch Collies and the rest of the country soon followed suit. It was also rumoured during this time (never confirmed) that certain other breeds may have been interbred with the Collie to further physical changes in the Collie as well as to make improvements in certain other breeds like Borzoi or Gordon setter. It is not believed that any purported interbreeding, if any, made it into main lines in the breed. At this point, Scottish Collie breeders began to standardize the breed and keep written pedigree records. Scottish Collies were shown in dog shows in England as early as 1860and made its way to the United States by 1880. However, Collies reportedly arrived as early as the 1600s along with livestock shipments. By about 1886, the Scottish Collie breed was fully standardized and remains roughly the same as today. It was in this same year the Collie Club of America was formed, becoming one of the first breed clubs of the American Kennel Club which was founded in 1884. A surge in popularity occurred in the United States during the very early 1900s, and later in the 1940s and 1950s with the release of the movie “Lassie Come Home”in 1943 and the subsequent television series that began in 1954 and ran for seventeen years. Books written by popular author Albert Payson Terhune also heloped to further popularize the breed. Mr. Terhune began his writing career in the early 1900s, and his books are still popular and available to this day.*[1]

16.1.2 Breed Standards

As is the case with many breeds of dogs that are still used for their original purposes, breed standards vary depending on whether the registry is more interested in a dog that performs its job superbly or a dog whose appearance meets an ideal standard. The Scottish Collie, on the whole, has been treated mainly as a companion and show dog after its sudden rise in popularity. However, they are also used for many different types of work and sport such as agility, obedience, sledding, therapy dogs, service dogs for the disabled, etc. While the Scotch Collie (Collie) was the favored dog of farmers and ranchers since its arrival to the United States and Canada, since approximately the 1920 onward the newly named Border Collie (a Collie descendant bred primarily for work) has been the global leader as a working sheepdog and herding trials dog. Other breeds, such as the Australian Shepherd, Australian Cattle Dog, Australian Kelpie, and Ebnglish Shepherd (all Collie descendants) are also used frequently, but on a much lesser degree also dependent upon country herding dog Border Collie. Few handlers of working herding dogs participate in conformation shows, as working dogs had primarily been bred to a performance standard rather than one based on appearance. Likewise, breeds bred primarily as companion, work/sport, or show dogs are infrequently seen on the Border Collie-type sheepdog trial field, except in Kennel Club- sponsored or speciality breed club-sponsored events. Dogs registered with either working- or conformation-based registries are seen in other performance events such as agility, obedience, tracking, rally-o or flyball, however these dogs do not necessarily conform to the breed standard of appearance as closely as the dogs shown in the breed rings as this is not a requirement in performance events, nor do they necessarily participate in herding activities. This has all been changing as well̶for example the Border Collie, heretofore once only bred as a working dog only, has changed dramatically in physical appearance and behavior with the recognition of the breed in The Kennel Club (England), the American Kennel Club, and other modern breed registries. The conformation, temperament and character bred dogs have taken on a standardized appearance, are calmer in demeanor (trial lines Border Collies generally have OCD̶ obsessive compulsive disorder), coatier, with heavier bone, and squarer bodies. The availability of a variety of colors have exploded with the advent of the Border Collie in the“breed ring”(conformation ring) -- besides the commonly seen black and white, there are blue merles, black and tans, solid blacks, pale cream and white, diluted colors, etc.*[1]

16.2 Coat Colours

Both Rough and Smooth varieties are available in four distinct colours:

• Sable collies are generally the most recognizable, the choice of the Lassie television and movie producers. The sable colour on these dogs can range from a light blonde colour to a deep reddish-brown, with or without 16.3. HEALTH 63

A blue merle Smooth Collie.

mahogany, and with any hue in between possible.

• Tricolour dogs are mostly black and white with rich tan markings.

• Blue merle collies are best described as tricolour or black-and-white dogs whose black has been diluted to a mottled gray-blue colour.

• White collies are usually mostly white on the body with a head colouration of any of the three previous. They may also have some colored body patches.

As modern-day “Lassies”, both Rough and Smooth Collies have become successful assistance, and therapy dogs. At least one guide dog school (Southeastern Guide Dogs in Florida) currently trains Smooth Collies as guide dogs, and a number of Scottish Collies are currently partnered with disabled individuals around the United States.

16.3 Health

The Scottish Collie is typically a very healthy breed, and is known to inherit few health conditions that are both serious and prevalent. Some health conditions of note include Collie eye anomaly, progressive retinal atrophy, gastric torsion, dermatomyositis, grey collie syndrome (a type of neutropenia), collie nose (discoid lupus erythematosus), and demodicosis. Seizures, canine hip dysplasia, microphthalmia, and cyclic neutropenia are also occasionally seen.*[2] The Collie Health Foundation (http://www.colliehealth.org) maintains a website and database on disorders affecting collies. Some Scottish Collies (and other collie breeds) have a particular allele of the multi-drug resistance gene, MDR1. This is also known as “the ivermectin-sensitive collie”, however the sensitivity is not limited to ivermectin, a common drug used to treat and prevent various ailments in dogs including heartworm disease. More than 20 drugs are expected to cause adverse reactions including milbemycin and loperamide. A study by the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at 64 CHAPTER 16. SCOTCH COLLIE

A rough tri-colour puppy.

UC Davis concluded that all dogs with this mutation are descendants of a single dog which most likely lived in Great Britain during the middle of the 19th century.*[3] The mutation of the MDR1 gene is found in Scottish Collies and related breeds worldwide and affects approximately 80% of Scottish Collie dogs in the United States. Dogs with this mutation are predisposed to various sensitivities and some may suffer a potentially fatal neurotoxicosis. Ivermectin is a popular choice in the prevention of heartworm disease in dogs, an extremely serious and potentially fatal condition. Despite the high prevalence of sensitivity in Scottish Collies to this medication, the low dosage provided is generally considered safe and preventative drugs such as Heartgard are advertised as approved for Scottish Collies, having a wide margin of safety when used as directed. A simple test, recently developed at and provided by Washington State University, can determine if a dog is a carrier of the mutation which causes sensitivity. Scottish Collies typically live an average of 12 to 14 years.

16.4 Temperament

Scottish Collies are known to be generally sweet and protective. They are generally easy to train due to a high level of intelligence and a willingness to please. Some are a bit clingy, but this is often seen as an overdeveloped sense of loyalty. They are excellent herding dogs and benefit from the companionship of a family or other dogs. Scottish Collies are very playful and gentle around children. They can also exhibit a strong herding instinct, especially around children. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Scottish Collies exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[4] 16.5. FAMOUS SCOTTISH COLLIES 65

An adult tri-color Scotch collie.

16.5 Famous Scottish Collies

• Lassie

• Rob Roy and Prudence Prim (among others), owned by former United States President Calvin Coolidge

• Colleen from Road Rovers

• Laddie from The Simpsons

• Flo and the other puppies in All Dogs Go to Heaven

• Blanco, owned by former United States President Lyndon Johnson

• Reveille, official mascot of Texas A&M University

• Lad of Sunnybank, from the series of novels by Albert Payson Terhune

• Wilson, of the 1984 manga series (and 1986 anime) by Yoshihiro Takahashi, Ginga Nagareboshi Gin, and ex-circus dog.

• Murray, the dog of Paul and Jamie Buchman in the television series Mad About You

• Max, the dog of John and Rosie Marshall in the life series You and Me in Threes, a favoured Australian docu- mentary on life in Melbourne

• Sam, Martin Riggs' collie in the Lethal Weapon movies

• Bobbie, of Silverton, Oregon, United States. In 1923, Bobbie travelled approximately 2,500 miles from Wol- cott, Indiana, to his home in Silverton, Oregon, over a six-month period from August 15, 1923 to February 15, 1924. Many books and articles exist regarding the authentication of his journey, including the Guinness Book of World Records. 66 CHAPTER 16. SCOTCH COLLIE

16.6 See also

• Farm Collie

• Old Time Farm Shepherd

16.7 References

[1] A Celebration of the Working Collie, Cindy M. Dorsten c. 2002

[2] Coile, Caroline, Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds, Barron's Educational Series, 2005

[3]

[4] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.

16.8 External links

Clubs, Associations, and Societies

• Collie Club of America • The Rough and Smooth Collie Training Association

Information about the MDR1-defect

• American Working Collie Association

Rough and Smooth Collie Info

• Collie Dog Owners

Scotch Collie Breed History and Restoration Efforts

• Old Time Farm Shepherd Chapter 17

Scottish Deerhound

The Scottish Deerhound, or simply the Deerhound, is a large breed of hound (a sighthound), once bred to hunt the Red Deer by coursing.

17.1 History

The Scottish Deerhound's antecedents will have existed back to a time before recorded history. They would have been kept by the Scots and Picts, and used to help in providing part of their diet, mainly hoofed game. Archaeological evidence likely supports this in the form of Roman pottery from around 1st Century AD found in Argyll which depicts the deerhunt using large rough hounds (these can be viewed at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh). Other similar evidence can be found on standing stones from around the 7th century AD reflecting a hunt using hounds, such as the Hilton of Cadboll Stone. In outward appearance, the Scottish Deerhound is similar to the Greyhound, but larger and more heavily boned. However, Deerhounds have a number of characteristics that set them apart. While not as fast as a Greyhound on a smooth, firm surface, once the going gets rough or heavy they can outrun a Greyhound. The environment in which they worked, the cool, often wet, and hilly Scottish Highland glens, contributed to the larger, rough-coated appearance of the breed. The Deerhound is closely related to the Irish Wolfhound and was the main contributor to the recovery of that breed when it was re-created at the end of the 19th century. The Deerhound was bred to hunt red deer by “coursing”, and also “deer-stalking”*[3] until the end of the 19th century. With modern rifles and smaller deer-forests, slower tracking dogs were preferred to fast and far-running Deerhounds. In coursing deer, a single Deerhound or a pair was brought as close as possible to red deer, then released to run one of them down by speed, which if successful would happen within a few minutes - rarely were there sustained chases. With the eventual demise of the clan systems in Scotland, these hunting dogs became sporting animals for landowners and the nobility, but were also bred and hunted by common folk when feasible. As fast and silent hunters they made quick work of any game the size of a hare or larger and were highly regarded by nobility and poachers alike. One of the most precarious times in the breedʼs history seems to have been towards the end of the nineteenth century, when many of the large Scottish estates were split into small estates for sporting purposes, and few then kept Deerhounds. The new fashion was for stalking and shooting, which required only a tracking dog to follow the wounded animal, using a collie or similar breed. Although a few estates still employed Deerhounds for their original work, the breed was left in the hands of a few enthusiasts who made them a show breed. In Australia, deerhounds have been used to hunt the kangaroo and wild boar. In addition, according to Teddy Roo- sevelt in “Hunting the Grisley and Other Sketches”, some Canadian and American wolf hunters used them.

17.2 Description

The Scottish Deerhound resembles a rough-coated Greyhound. It is however, larger in size and bone. Height of males from 30 to 32 inches (75–80 cm) or more, weight 85 to 110 pounds (40–50 kg); height of females from 28 inches (70 cm) upwards, weight from 75 to 95 pounds (35–43 kg). It is one of the tallest sighthounds, with a harsh 3-4 inch long coat and mane, somewhat softer beard and moustache, and softer hair on breast and belly. It has small,

67 68 CHAPTER 17. SCOTTISH DEERHOUND

Scottish Deerhound circa 1910 dark “rose”ears which are soft and folded back against the head unless held semi-erect in excitement. The harsh, wiry coat in modern dogs is only seen in self-coloured various shades of gray (blue-gray is preferred). Historically, Deerhounds also could be seen with true brindle, yellow, and red fawn coats, or combinations. 19th century Scottish paintings tend to indicate these colours were associated with a wire haired coat, but, with show breeders preferring a longer coat, these genes now appear to be lost. A white chest and toes are allowed, and a slight white tip to the tail; a white blaze on the head or a white collar are not accepted. The head is long, skull flat, with little stop and a tapering muzzle. The eyes are dark, dark brown or hazel in colour. The teeth should form a level, complete scissor bite. The long straight or curved tail, well covered with hair, should almost reach the ground.

17.3 Temperament

The Scottish Deerhound is gentle and extremely friendly. The breed is famed for being docile and eager to please, with a bearing of gentle dignity. It is however a true sighthound which has been selected for generations to pursue game; consequently, most Deerhounds will be eager to chase. The Deerhound needs considerable exercise when young to develop properly and to maintain its health and condition. That does not mean it needs a large house to live in; however it should have regular access to free exercise in a fenced or otherwise “safe”area. Deerhounds should not be raised with access only to leash walking or a small yard, this would be detrimental to their health and development. City dwellers with conviction, however, can keep the dog both healthy and happy, as long as they are willing to take their Deerhounds to nearby parks for lengthy runs and rigorous fetching sessions within these wider running courses. Young Deerhounds can sometimes, depending on the individual, be quite destructive especially when they are not given sufficient exercise; however, the average adult Deerhound may want to spend most of the day stretched out on the floor or a couch sleeping. They do require a stimulus, preferably another Deerhound, and a large area to exercise properly and frequently *[4] . They are gentle and docile indoors and are generally good around company and children (however, due to their size, they require supervision with young children). 17.4. HEALTH 69

Scottish Deerhound

17.4 Health

Scottish Deerhounds live an average of 8 1/2 to 9 years. The serious health issues in the breed include cardiomyopathy; osteosarcoma; bloat; stomach or splenic torsion, called Gastric dilatation volvulus; and cystinuria. See current health studies.*[1]*[2]

17.5 Miscellaneous

Scottish Deerhounds compete throughout USA in conformation and lure coursing, in states where it is legal, they are used in hare coursing and for coyote hunting. Deerhounds can compete in obedience though few excel in it. Fewer still excel in dog agility or flyball because these competitions favor smaller dogs with lower body weight and a much shorter stride. At one point in history, no one of rank lower than an earl could possess a Scottish deerhound; the breed almost became extinct because of these policies.*[5]

17.6 Notable deerhounds

• A Scottish Deerhound named Foxcliffe Hickory Wind won Best In Show at the 2011 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show February 14–15, 2011.

• Maida was a cross-bred Deerhound belonging to Sir Walter Scott. 70 CHAPTER 17. SCOTTISH DEERHOUND

Scottish Deerhound running

17.7 See also

• List of domesticated Scottish breeds

17.8 References

[1] “Report from the Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee - Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Deerhounds” (PDF). The Kennel Club. Retrieved 2009-01-20.

[2] “Health Problems of Scottish Deerhounds”. Scottish Deerhound Club of America. Retrieved 2009-01-20.

[3] W. Bromley Davenport MP. “Sport”. Retrieved 2009-01-20.

[4] http://www.fernhill.com/about-deerhounds/deerhound-character/

[5] “Get to know the Scottish deerhound”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 6 November 2013.

17.9 Further reading

• Almirall, Leon V. Canines and Coyotes. Caldwell, Id.: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1941. • Barret, Kay. Living with Deerhounds • Bell, Weston. The Scottish Deerhound. 1892. (Reprinted by Hoflin Publishing Inc., 4401 Sephyr St., Wheat Ridge, Colorado, U.S.A. 80003.) • Benbow, Audrey. How To Raise and Train A Scottish Deerhound. Neptune City, N.J.: T.F.H.Publications, 1965, 1993. • Blaze, Elzear and Byng Hall, Herbert The Sportsman and His Dog London: Darling 1850 • Cassels, Kenneth. A Most Perfect Creature of Heaven: The Scottish Deerhound. K.A.H.Cassels, 1997. 17.10. EXTERNAL LINKS 71

• Crealock, Lt.-General Henry Hope. Deerstalking in the Highlands of Scotland. London: Longmans & Green, 1892. • Cunliffe, Juliette. Deerhound. Dorking, Surrey, U.K.: Interpret Publishing, 2002.

• Cupples, George. Scotch Deerhounds and their Masters. Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1892. (Reprinted in 1978 by Hoflin Publishing Inc.)

• Dalziel, Hugh. British Dogs - Their Varieties, History, Characteristics, Breeding, Management And Exhibition London: The Bazaar Office circa 1879

• Grimble, Augustus. Deer-stalking London: Chapman & Hall 1886 • Hartley, A.N. The Deerhound. 1986. (Available from the Scottish Deerhound Club of America and the Deer- hound Club (U.K.)) • Heidenreich, Barbara. Your Scottish Deerhound Primer, Fern Hill, Ontario, 1989,1999,2005.

• Macrae, Alexander. A Handbook of Deer-stalking Edinburgh: William Blackwood 1880

• Scrope, William. The Art of Deer-stalking. London: John Murray 1839. • Shaw, Vero. The Illustrated Book of the Dog. London: Cassell 1881

• St. John, Charles. Sketches of the Wild Sports & Natural History of the Highlands London: John Murray 1878 • Van Hummell: “The Deerhound”, in The American Book of the Dog Editor George O. Shields. Chicago: Rand Mcnally 1891

17.10 External links

• Scottish Deerhound at DMOZ Chapter 18

Scottish Terrier

“Scottie”redirects here. It is not to be confused with Scotty (disambiguation).

The Scottish Terrier (also known as the Aberdeen Terrier), popularly called the Scottie, is a breed of dog. Initially one of the highland breeds of terrier that were grouped under the name of Skye Terrier, it is one of five breeds of terrier that originated in Scotland, the other four being the modern Skye, Cairn, Dandie Dinmont, and West Highland White Terrier. They are an independent and rugged breed with a wiry outer coat and a soft dense undercoat. The First Earl of Dumbarton nicknamed the breed“the diehard.”The modern breed is said to be able to trace its lineage back to a single female, named Splinter II. They are a small breed of terrier with a distinctive shape and have had many roles in popular culture. They have been owned by a variety of celebrities, including the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, whose Scottie“Fala”is included with FDR in a statue in Washington, DC, as well as the 43rd President George W. Bush. They are also well known for being a playing piece in the board game Monopoly. Described as a territorial, feisty dog, they can make a good watchdog and tend to be very loyal to their family. Healthwise, Scottish Terriers can be more prone to bleeding disorders, joint disorders, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer than some other breeds of dog and there is a condition named after the breed called Scotty cramp. They are also one of the more successful dog breeds at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show with a recent best in show in 2010.

18.1 Description

18.1.1 Appearance

The Scottish Terrier is a small, compact, short-legged, sturdily-built terrier of good bone and substance. He has a hard, wiry, weather-resistant coat and a thick-set, cobby body which is hung between short, heavy legs. These characteristics, joined with his very special keen, piercing, “varminty”expression, and his erect ears and tail are salient features of the breed. The Scottish Terrier's bold, confident, dignified aspect exemplifies power in a small package. The eyes should be small, bright and piercing, and almond-shaped not round. The color should be dark brown or nearly black, the darker the better. The ears should be small, prick, set well up on the skull and pointed, but never cut. They should be covered with short velvety hair.*[1] Height at withers for both genders should be roughly 25 cm (9.8 in), and the length of back from withers to tail is roughly 28 cm (11 in). Generally a well-balanced Scottie dog should weigh from 8.5 to 10 kg (19 to 22 lb) and a female from 8 to 9.5 kg (18 to 21 lb). It is about 10 to 11 inches (25 to 28 cm) in height.*[2]

18.1.2 Coat

The Scottish Terrier typically has a hard, wiry outer coat with a soft, dense undercoat. The coat should be trimmed and blended into the furnishings to give a distinct Scottish Terrier outline. The longer coat on the beard, legs and lower body may be slightly softer than the body coat but should not be or appear fluffy.*[1] The coat colours range from dark gray to jet black and brindle, a mix of black and brown. Scotties with wheaten

72 18.1. DESCRIPTION 73

A black and a light coloured Scottish Terrier

A brown coloured Scottish Terrier

(straw to nearly white) coats sometimes occur, and are similar in appearance to the Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier or West Highland White Terrier. 74 CHAPTER 18. SCOTTISH TERRIER

Scottish Terriers in 3 colours

Scottish Terrier 18.2. HEALTH 75

18.1.3 Temperament

Scotties are territorial, alert, quick moving and feisty, perhaps even more so than other terrier breeds. The breed is known to be independent and self-assured, playful, intelligent and has been nicknamed the 'Diehard' because of its rugged nature and endless determination.*[3] The 'Diehard' nickname was originally given to it in the 19th century by George, the fourth Earl of Dumbarton.*[4] The Earl had a famous pack of Scottish Terriers, so brave that they were named“Diehards”. They were supposed to have inspired the name of his Regiment, The Royal Scots,“Dumbartonʼ s Diehards”.*[4] Scotties, while being described as very loving, have also been described as stubborn.*[5] They are sometimes de- scribed as an aloof breed, although it has been noted that they tend to be very loyal to their family and are known to attach themselves to one or two people.*[6] It has been suggested that the Scottish Terrier can make a good watchdog due to its tendency to bark only when necessary and because it is typically reserved with strangers, although this is not always the case.*[3] They have been described as a fearless breed that may be aggressive around other dogs unless introduced at an early age.*[7] Scottish Terriers were originally bred to hunt and fight badgers. Therefore, the Scottie is prone to dig as well as chase small vermin, such as squirrels, rats, and mice.*[7]

18.2 Health

Although black is the most traditional colour for a Scottie, Wheaten Scotties can also be found, as shown in this picture of a Scottie puppy.

Two genetic health concerns seen in the breed are von Willebrand disease (vWD) and craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO); Scottie cramp, patellar luxation and cerebellar abiotrophy are also sometimes seen in this breed. Common eye conditions seen in a variety of breeds such as cataracts and glaucoma can appear in Scotties as they age. There are no specific conditions relating the skin that affect the breed, but they can be affected by common dog related conditions such as parasites and mange.*[8] Scotties typically live from 11 to 13 years.*[9] 76 CHAPTER 18. SCOTTISH TERRIER

18.2.1 Cancer in Scottish Terriers

Scottish Terriers have a greater chance of developing some cancers than other purebreds. According to research by the Veterinary Medical Data Program (1986), six cancers that Scotties appeared to be more at risk for (when compared to other breeds) are: (in descending order) bladder cancer and other transitional cell carcinomas of the lower urinary tract; malignant melanoma; gastric carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma of the skin; lymphosarcoma and nasal carcinoma.*[10] Other cancers that are known to commonly affect Scotties include mast cell sarcoma*[11] and hemangiosarcoma.*[12] Research has suggested that Scottish Terriers are 20 times more likely to get bladder cancer than other breeds*[13] and the most common kind of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC).*[10] Dr. Deborah Knapp of Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine has commented “TCC usually occurs in older dogs (average age 11 years) and is more common in females (2:1 ratio of females to males).”*[10] Symptoms of TCC are blood in the urine, straining to urinate, and frequent urination ̶although owners noticing any of these symptoms should also be aware that the same symptoms may also be indicative of a urinary tract infection.*[10] The most common and effective form of treatment for TCC is Piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that “allows the cancer cells to kill themselves.”*[10] In order to help prevent cancer in a dog, an owner should ensure that their dog has minimal exposure to herbicides, pesticides, solvents and cigarette smoke; use caution when treating dogs with some flea medications; provide a healthy, vitamin-rich diet (low in carbohydrates, high in vegetables) and plenty of exercise.*[14]

18.2.2 Scottie cramp

Scottie cramp is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder which inhibits the dog's ability to walk. It is caused by a defect in the pathways in the brain that control muscle contraction due to a low level of serotonin in the body.*[15] Typically symptoms only show when the particular dog is under some degree of stress. The front legs are pushed out to the side, the back arches and the rear legs overflex, causing the dog to fall should they be moving at speed. The condition is not seizure related, and the dog remains conscious throughout the event, with symptoms abating once the cause of the stress has been removed.*[16] Vitamin E, Diazepam and Prozac have all been shown to be effective treatments should it be required. Scotty cramp is found in other breeds of terrier, including the Cesky Terrier.*[16]“Episodic Falling”, a condition found in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels is considered to be similar to this disorder.*[17]

18.2.3 Craniomandibular osteopathy

Also known as “Lion Jaw”, “Westy Jaw”or “Scotty Jaw”, this condition of craniomandibular osteopathy is caused by excessive bone growth in the bottom jaw, usually occurring between four to seven months of age. Like Scottie Cramp, it is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder, and can cause discomfort to the dog when it attempts to chew.*[18] The progression of the condition usually slows down between eleven to thirteen months of age, and is sometimes followed by a slow partial or complete regression.*[19] This condition has also been seen in other breeds of dog, such as the West Highland White Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Boston Terrier,*[20] as well as some larger breeds such as Bullmastiffs.*[21]

18.2.4 von Willebrand's disease

Von Willebrand's disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder found in both dogs and humans. It is caused by a lack of von Willebrand factor which plays a role in the clotting process of blood. This can cause abnormal platelet function and prolonged bleeding times. Affected dogs can be prone to nose bleeds, and increased bleeding following trauma or surgery. There are three types of this condition with Type I being the most common, while Type II and III being rarer, but more severe. Type I von Willebrand's disease is relatively common in the Scottish Terrier.*[22] Type I is more widespread in Doberman Pinscher, but is as common in the Shetland Sheepdog as the Scottish Terrier. The condition appears in most breeds to some extent, but other breeds with an increased risk include the Golden Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Basset Hound and Manchester Terrier.*[22] 18.3. HISTORY 77

18.3 History

A Scotch Terrier, published in 1859

Initial grouping of several of the highland terriers (including the Scottie) under the generic name Skye Terriers caused some confusion in the breedʼs lineage. There is disagreement over whether the Skye Terriers mentioned in early 16th century records actually descended from forerunners of the Scottie or vice versa.*[23] It is certain, however, that Scotties and West Highland White Terriers are closely related ̶both their forefathers originated from the Blackmount region of Perthshire and the Moor of Rannoch.*[24] Scotties were originally bred to hunt and kill vermin on farms and to hunt badgers and foxes in the Highlands of Scotland.*[25] The actual origin of a breed as old as the Scottish Terrier is obscure and undocumented.*[26] The first written records about a dog of similar description to the Scottish Terrier dates from 1436, when Don Leslie described them in his book The History of Scotland 1436-1561. Two hundred years later, Sir Joshua Reynolds painted a portrait of a young girl caressing a dog similar in appearance to the modern-day Scottie.*[4] King James VI of Scotland was an important historical figure featuring in the Scottish Terrier's history. In the 17th century, when King James VI became James I of England, he sent six terriers ̶thought to be forerunners of the Scottish terrier ̶to a French monarch as a gift.*[6] His love and adoration for the breed increased their popularity throughout the world.*[23] Many dog writers after the early 19th century seem to agree that there were two varieties of terrier existing in Britain at the time ̶a rough-haired so-called Scotch Terrier and a smooth-haired English Terrier.*[26] Thomas Brown, in his Biological Sketches and Authentic Anecdotes of Dogs (1829), states that“the Scotch terrier is certainly the purest in point of breed and the (smooth) English seems to have been produced by a cross from him”.*[26] Brown went on to describe the Scotch Terrier as “low in stature, with a strong muscular body, short stout legs, a head large in proportion to the body”and was“generally of a sandy colour or black”with a“long, matted and hard”coat.*[26] Although the Scotch Terrier described here is more generic than specific to a breed, it asserts the existence of a small, hard, rough-coated terrier developed for hunting small game in the Scottish Highlands in the early 19th century; a description that shares characteristics with what was once known as the Aberdeen Terrier and is today known as the Scottish Terrier. In addition, the paintings of Sir Edwin Landseer and an 1835 lithograph entitled“Scottish Terriers 78 CHAPTER 18. SCOTTISH TERRIER

at Work on a Cairn in the West Highlands”both depict Scottie type terriers very similar to those described in the first Scottish Terrier Standard.*[4]

Ch. Bapton Norman, a popular sire from 1914.

In the 19th century, the Highlands of Scotland, including the Isle of Skye, were abundant with terriers originally known by the generic term “short-haired terriers”or “little Skye Terriers.”*[27] Towards the end of the 19th century, it was decided to separate these Scottish terriers and develop pure bloodlines and specific breeds. Originally, the breeds were separated into two categories: Dandie Dinmont Terriers and Skye Terriers (not the Skye Terrier known today, but a generic name for a large group of terriers with differing traits all said to originate from the Isle of Skye). The Birmingham England dog show of 1860 was the first to offer classes for these groups of terriers.*[26] They continued to be exhibited in generic groups for several years and these groups included the ancestors of today's Scottish Terrier.*[26] Recorded history and the initial development of the breed started in the late 1870s with the development of dog shows. The exhibition and judging of dogs required comparison to a breed standard and thus the appearance and temperament of the Scottie was written down for the first time.*[4] Eventually, the Skye Terriers were further divided into what are known today as the Scottish Terrier, Skye Terrier, West Highland White Terrier and Cairn Terrier.*[27] While fanciers sought to identify and standardize the breed and its description through the late 19th century, the Scottish Terrier was known by many different names: the Highland, the Cairn, Diehard, and most often, the Aberdeen Terrier ̶named because of the abundant number of the dogs in the area and because a J.A. Adamson of Aberdeen successfully exhibited his dogs during the 1870s.*[26] Roger Rough, a dog owned by Adamson, Tartan, a dog owned by Mr Paynton Piggott, Bon Accord, owned by Messrs Ludlow and Bromfield, and Splinter II owned by Mr Ludlow, were early winners of dog exhibitions and are the four dogs from which all Scottish Terrier pedigrees ultimately began.*[4] It is often said that all present day Scotties stem from a single bitch, Splinter II, and two sires. In her book, The New Scottish Terrier, Cindy Cooke refers to Splinter II as the “foundation matron of the modern Scottish Terrier.”Cooke goes on to say“For whatever reason, early breeders line bred on this bitch to the virtual exclusion of all others. Mated to Tartan, she produced Worry, the dam of four champions. Rambler, her son by Bonaccord, sired 18.3. HISTORY 79

the two founding sires of the breed, Ch. Dundee (out of Worry) and Ch. Alistair (out of a Dundee daughter)"*[28] Show champions on both sides of the Atlantic descend from Splinter and her sires.*[29] Captain Gordon Murray and S.E. Shirley were responsible for setting the type in 1879.*[24] Shortly afterwards, in 1879, Scotties were for the first time exhibited at Alexander Palace in England, while the following year they began to be classified in much the same way as is done today.*[30] The first written standard of the breed was drafted by J.B. Morrison and D.J. Thomson Gray and appeared in Vero Shaw's Illustrated Book of The Dog, published in 1880; it was extremely influential in setting both breed type and name. The standard described the breed's colouring as "Grey, Grizzle or Brindle", as the typically Black colouring of Scotties did not become fashionable or favoured until the 20th century.*[26]

Scottish Terrier circa 1915

In 1881 the “Scottish Terrier Club of England”was founded, being the first club dedicated to the breed. The club secretary, H.J. Ludlow, is responsible for greatly popularising the breed in the southern parts of Great Britain. The “Scottish Terrier Club of Scotland”was not founded until 1888, seven years after the English club.*[30] Following the formation of the English and Scottish clubs there followed several years of disagreement regarding the breed's official standard.*[30] The issue was finally settled by a revised standard in 1930, which was based on four prepotent dogs. The dogs were Robert and James Chapman's Heather Necessity, Albourne Barty, bred by AG Cowley, Albourne Annie Laurie, bred by Miss Wijk and Miss Wijk's Marksman of Docken (the litter brother of Annie Laurie).*[4] These four dogs and their offspring modified the look of the Scottie, particularly the length of the head, closeness to the ground and the squareness of body. Their subsequent success in the show ring led to them becoming highly sought after by the British public and breeders. As such, the modified standard completely revolutionized the breed.*[4] This new standard was subsequently recognised by the Kennel Club UK circa 1930.*[30] Scotties were introduced to America in the early 1890s, but it was not until the years between World War I and World War II that the breed became popular. The Scottish Terrier Club of America (STCA) was formed in 1900*[31] and a standard written in 1925.*[4] The Scottish Terrier was recognized by the United Kennel Club in 1934.*[32] By 1936, Scotties were the third most popular breed in the United States. Although they did not permanently stay in fashion, they continue to enjoy a steady popularity with a large segment of the dog-owning public across the world.*[33] The STCA founded its Health Trust Fund (HTF) in 1995 which supports research on health issues in the breed. Scottish Terriers have won best in show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show more than any other breed except for the Wire Fox Terrier, a total of nine times.*[34] These victories began in 1911 with a win by Ch. Tickle Em Jock 80 CHAPTER 18. SCOTTISH TERRIER

and include recent victories such as in 1995 when Ch. Gaelforce Post Script (Peggy Sue) won, and in 2010 with a victory by Ch. Roundtown Mercedes Of Maryscot.*[35]*[36]

18.4 Famous Scotties and popular culture

“Come over here!" (1915) by Lilian Cheviot, showing the approximate differences in sizes between the Scottish Terrier, the Welsh Terrier and the Bulldog.

The Scottie and the German Shepherd are the only breeds of dog that have lived in the White House more than three times.*[37] President Franklin D. Roosevelt was renowned for owning a Scottie named Fala, a gift from his distant cousin, Margaret Suckley.*[38] The President loved Fala so much that he rarely went anywhere without him. Roosevelt had several Scotties before Fala, including one named Duffy and another named Mr. Duffy. Eleanor Roo- sevelt had a Scottish Terrier named Meggie when the family entered the White House in 1933.*[38] More recently, President George W. Bush has owned two black Scottish Terriers, Barney and Miss Beazley. Barney starred in nine films produced by the White House, including Barney Cam VII: A Red, White and Blue Christmas.*[39] Other fa- mous people who are known to have owned Scotties include: Queen Victoria, Eva Braun, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ed Whitfield, Rudyard Kipling and President of Poland, Lech Kaczynski.*[40] Actress Tatum O'Neal owned a Scottish Terrier. She was said to be so saddened by her dog's death to cancer and old age that she relapsed into drugs.*[41] The Scottie is also renowned for being featured in the popular board game, Monopoly, as a player token. When the game was first created in the 1930s, Scotties were one of the most popular pets in the United States, and it is also one of the most popular Monopoly game tokens, according to Matt Collins, vice president of marketing for Hasbro.*[42] A Scottish Terrier named Dulcinea is a scene-stealer in the 1998 Latin American novel Yo-Yo Boing! by Giannina Braschi.*[43] In May 2007, Carnegie Mellon University named the Scottish Terrier its official mascot.*[44] The Scottie had been 18.5. SEE ALSO 81

Fala at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial (bottom left), the only Presidential dog so honoured. a long-running unofficial mascot of the university, whose founder's Scottish heritage is also honored by the official athletic nickname of “Tartans.”*[45] During the opening of the May, 2007, Carnegie Mellon commencement ceremony, keynote speaker Bill Cosby, a Scottie fancier, led the university's new mascot, named Scottie, to the speaker's platform.*[46] Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia also uses the Scottie as their mascot.*[47] The dog's image is a symbol for the Radley brand of bags.*[48] The amateur athletics organisation Jogscotland has an anthropomorphic Scottish Terrier as its mascot.*[49]

18.5 See also

• List of domesticated Scottish breeds

• Scotty dog sign (radiological term)

18.6 References

[1] “STCA_Breed_Standard”. Retrieved 19 July 2012.

[2] Cunliffe, Juliette (2002). The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds. Parragon. p. 248. ISBN 0-7525-8018-3.

[3] “Scottish Terrier”. Dog-Breed-Facts.com. Retrieved 2008-08-13.

[4] “History of the Scottish Terrier”. MacTavish Scotties. Retrieved 2008-08-13.

[5] “Terrier Dog Breeds”. Buzzle.com. Retrieved 2015-02-17.

[6] “The Scottish Terrier”. Dog Owner's Guide. Retrieved 2009-08-14.

[7] Jones, Jewel R. “Profile of the Scottish Terrier”. BarkBytes. Retrieved 2008-08-13.

[8] “Overview of serious health conditions in Scottish terrier breed”. Scottish Terrier Dog.com. Retrieved 2010-02-18.

[9] Coile, Caroline (2005). Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds. Barron's Educational Series. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-7641-5700-4. 82 CHAPTER 18. SCOTTISH TERRIER

[10] Fry Owen, Carole. “CANCER: The Scottish Terrier's War On Terror”. Tartanscottie.com. Retrieved 2008-08-13.

[11] Morrison, Wallace B. (1998). Cancer in Dogs and Cats (1st ed.). Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-06105-4.

[12] “Protecting your dog from cancer”. scottiecancer.com. Retrieved 2008-08-13.

[13] “Bladder Cancer in the Scottish Terrier”. North of England Scottish Terrier Club. Retrieved 2008-08-13.

[14] “10 steps to protect your pet from cancer”. scottiecancer.com. Retrieved 2008-08-13.

[15] “What is Scotty Cramp?". Canine Inherited Disorders Database. 2001-10-30. Retrieved 2010-02-07.

[16] “Scottie Cramp”. Cesky Terrier.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-02-07.

[17] Slatter, Douglas H. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery (3rd ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. p. 1094. ISBN 978-0-7216- 8607-3.

[18] Vanderlip, Sharon Lynne (2001-08-31). Scottish Terriers. Barron's Educational Series. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-7641-1639-1. Retrieved 2010-02-08.

[19] “Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO): Page 3”. PetPlace.com. Retrieved 2010-02-18.

[20] Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.

[21] Huchkowsky S (2002). “Craniomandibular osteopathy in a bullmastiff”. Can Vet J 43 (11): 883–5. PMC 339767. PMID 12497967.

[22] “What is von Willebrand's disease?". Canine Inherited Disorders Database. 2001-10-30. Retrieved 2010-02-18.

[23] Ruben, Dr. Dawn. “Choosing a Scottish Terrier”. Pet Place. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[24] “Scottish Terrier”. Pet Planet. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[25] “Scottish Terrier”. Pedigree.com.au. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[26] Stamm, Miriam; Beauchamp, Rick (1998). An Owner's Guide to Scottish Terriers. TFH Publications. ISBN 978-0-7938- 2786-2.

[27] “Choosing a Cairn Terrier”. Pet Place. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[28] Harvil Ph.D., Joseph. “Deconstructing the Diehard” (PDF). Great Scots Magazine. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[29] Graham, Claribel. “The Origin of the Scottish Terrier”. Scottish Terrier Club of America. Retrieved 2012-07-12.

[30] “Scottish Terrier: About Breed”. PasOddy.com. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[31] Barrie, Carswell. “History”. Scottish Terrier Club of America. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

[32] “Scottish Terrier”. United Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 8 March 2015. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[33] “Guide to the Scottish Terrier Club of America Collection (1902-2005)". Retrieved 19 July 2012.

[34] “Best In Show Awards By Breed (1907-2009)". The Westminster Kennel Club. Retrieved 2010-02-17.

[35] “Scottie is Best Dog in U.S.”. Life. 26 February 1945. p. 65. Retrieved 2010-03-05.

[36] “Best in Show Winners”. The Westminster Kennel Club. Retrieved 2010-02-17.

[37] “Scottish Terrier: History”. PasOddy.com. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[38] “FDR's Fala, World's Most Famous Dog”. Bushy Barney. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[39] “Barney's Home Page”. The White House. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[40] Huber, Dr. Vandra L. “Famous People Owned by Scottish Terriers” (PDF). Mcvan Scotties. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[41] “Tatum O'Neal says her dog's death triggered her drugs arrest”. Welt Online. 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[42] Ward, Julie (2006-09-18).“Move over, Rover: Hybrid labradoodle replaces Scottish terrier token”. USA Today. Retrieved 2010-01-01. 18.7. EXTERNAL LINKS 83

[43] Braschi, Giannina (1998). Yo-Yo Boing!. Seattle: AmazonCrossing. pp. 50, 52, 53, 79, 118, 190. ISBN 161109089X. Retrieved April 20, 2013.

[44] “Carnegie Mellon Family Will Get a Dog”. Carnegie Mellon. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[45] Schackner, Bill (2007-01-29). “CMU dogs it on picking a mascot”. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[46] Banks, Gabrielle (2007-05-21). “Cosby urges CMU nerds to 'accept themselves'". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2008-04-23.

[47] “Photos from Alumnae Weekend 2008”. Agnes Scott College. Retrieved 2010-01-01.

[48] Craven, Neil (8 February 2009). “London pride at Radley”. The Mail on Sunday (via HighBeam Research (subscription required)). Retrieved 14 April 2012.

[49] “Jogscotland: Meet the Jog Crew”. Jogscotland. Retrieved 2013-01-25.

18.7 External links

• Scottish Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 19

Sealyham Terrier

The Sealyham Terrier is a rare Welsh breed of small to medium-sized terrier that originated in Wales as a working dog. It is principally a white-bodied, rough coated breed, developed in the mid to late 19th century by Captain John Edwardes at Sealyham House, Pembrokeshire. Following the First World War, it surged in popularity and was associated with Hollywood stars and members of the British Royal Family. Its numbers have dropped significantly since then, with the breed listed as a Vulnerable Native Breed by the Kennel Club; an all time low was recorded in 2008 when only 43 puppies were registered in the United Kingdom. This decline has been blamed on an influx of foreign and designer breeds, and the Sealyham's reduced usefulness as a working dog. This breed is equally suitable as a family dog or a working terrier, given the right training. It is affected by few breed specific breed disorders, with the only two prevalent conditions being lens luxation and canine degenerative myelopathy.

19.1 History

Sealyham House, where Captain John Edwardes originally developed the Sealyham Terrier

The breed was developed between 1850 and 1891 by Captain John Edwardes, at Sealyham House, near Wolfscastle

84 19.1. HISTORY 85 in the Welsh county of Pembrokeshire. Originally the breed was used for pest control, to hunt small game and to eliminate vermin particularly badgers which he usually relocated.*[1] The Welsh Corgi, Fox Terrier (Wire), and the now extinct English White Terrier all played a part in the make up of the Sealyham,*[1] although Edwardes did not keep records.*[2] He wanted a small white dog with a strong jaw, and a wiry coat. The white coat was particularly prized, as it meant that the hunter in the field could distinguish the dogs from the quarry.*[2] Edwardes culled weak dogs, and bred the stronger ones.*[3] After Edwardes' death in 1891, other breeders began to work with Sealyhams,*[2] including Fred Lewis who promoted the breed.*[3]

A modern, well groomed show dog.

The breed was shown for the first time in 1903, and the Sealyham Terrier club was created in 1908; the breed was officially recognised by the Kennel Club in 1911.*[3] The Sealyham Terrier now is recognised by all of the major kennel clubs in the English-speaking world.*[4] During the early stages of its recognition, the breed was alternatively known as the Welsh Border Terrier, or the Cowley Terrier.*[5] The American Sealyham Terrier Club was founded in 1913.*[6] During the 1920s and 1930s, Sir Jocelyn Lucas used the dogs to hunt badgers which he usually relocated.*[7] At this time he also used Sealyham Terriers for hunting otters, stoats and squirrels.*[7] Deciding that he wanted a better hunting dog than the Sealyhams, bred for conformation showing, he cross-bred the dogs with the Norfolk Terrier. This resulted in an unrecognised breed of dog he called the Lucas Terrier, which he described as “death to rats and rabbits”.*[2] The Sealyham surged in popularity after the First World War in the UK and the United States.*[2] Within the Holly- wood film industry, the Sealyham became a fashionable dog to own by the Hollywood elite. The terrier was owned by actors Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davies, Elizabeth Taylor,*[1] and by writer Agatha Christie.*[8] Cary Grant owned one which he named Archie Leach – Grant's real name.*[9] Alfred Hitchcock can be seen at the start of his 1963 film, The Birds, walking two of his Sealyham Terriers in a cameo appearance, although he also owned a third Sealy- ham not featured in the movie.*[9] The British Royal Family also favoured these dogs; King George V owned a dog named Jack.*[1] In 1959 one Sunday newspaper reported in the UK: “A notice has been posted in Clarence House and Windsor Castle giving explicit instructions that when Princess Margaret has breakfast in bed, her two Sealyhams must be brought to the room along with her breakfast tray.”*[10] These two dogs were called Pippin and Johnny, and were looked after by the Queen Mother when Princess Margaret fell ill.*[1] In the 1960s, children's author Maurice Sendak owned a Sealyham named Jennie, which he featured in his 1967 work Higglety Pigglety Pop!.*[11] 86 CHAPTER 19. SEALYHAM TERRIER

A Sealyham Terrier photographed in 1915

The Sealyham was once one of the more popular terriers,*[4] with over 2,000 puppies registered in the UK during the 1920s,*[12] and one of the best known Welsh breeds. Today, however, the Kennel Club (UK) lists the Sealyham as amongst the most endangered native breeds.*[4] In 2008, registrations of new puppies with the Kennel Club dropped to an all time low of 43, placing it among the bottom three on the list of Vulnerable Native Breeds. In October 2011, British magazine Country Life highlighted the breed on its front cover, with the heading“SOS: Save our Sealyhams” ,*[12] and launched a campaign to save the breed.*[1] End of year figures for 2011 showed that 49 puppies were registered with the Kennel Club in the UK, keeping them within the bottom three on the list of most endangered breeds.*[10] Another notable Sealyham Terrier, Ch. Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice, also known as Charmin, won Best In Show at Crufts in 2009, but his victory was not televised as the BBC had dropped the coverage of the competition earlier that year, following the controversy after the channel showed the documentary Pedigree Dogs Exposed.*[12]*[13] He had previous won the AKC/Eukanuba National Championship in the United States in 2007,*[14] and the World Dog Show in 2008.*[15] Harry Parsons, founder of the Working Sealyham Terrier Club, has stated that, “To sustain a breed...you need between 300 to 500 puppies a year”.*[1] The Kennel Club has blamed the decline of the breed on the availability of designer dogs and newer breeds such as the Shih Tzu, and the banning of tail docking which has reduced their ability as working dogs.*[1] Paul Keevil, formerly of the Kennel Club's vulnerable breeds committee explains:“Traditionally, soon after Sealyhams were born, their tails were docked by half their length, because they were small working dogs and they quite often got stuck down holes, meaning that they required short, strong tails for the owner to be able to pull them out.”*[9] As of 2010, the breed is ranked 152nd out of 168 breeds according to registrations by the American Kennel Club.*[16] 19.2. APPEARANCE 87

19.2 Appearance

A close-up of the face of a Sealyham Terrier

Sealyhams measurements vary by breed standard according to particular countries. The Kennel Club breed standard states that the height of a Sealyham Terrier should not exceed 12 inches (30 cm), measured at the withers or at the top of the shoulder blade. The ideal weight for a Sealyham is 8 kilograms (18 lb) for females, or 9 kilograms (20 lb) for males.*[17] They have a white double coat which requires regular brushing with a wire comb in order to prevent matting.*[18] It has a dense undercoat, while the outer coat is wiry and weather resistant.*[19] Markings on the face can be in a variety of colours including lemon, black, brown, blue, and badger, which is a mix of brown and black.*[20] Heavy body markings or patches or excessive ticking on the coat are discouraged.*[20] Sealyhams are low to the ground, and in muddy weather their long coats can become quite dirty.*[3] Sealyham coats are groomed by hand stripping, in order to keep the coat from becoming too soft.*[21]

19.3 Temperament

Although happy in the company of others, they are fine if left alone. Sealyham Terriers are suited for both the town and country.*[3] They can be stubborn, vocal,*[22] and boisterous but also full of personality.*[18]*[22] Whilst they make for loyal family companions, they can be trained to be working dogs, making them excellent mousers or ratters.*[2] They can also be taught as a puppy to get along with other animals, including cats and birds.*[18] 88 CHAPTER 19. SEALYHAM TERRIER

A Sealyham Terrier in the woods

Harry Parsons, described his Sealyhams thus: “They make great companions, and the way they bond with their owners is almost magical. I keep six indoors, and if someone rings about an infestation and asks us to go ratting, they will know and are out of the door in a millisecond. If you train them, they'll retrieve. They'll do anything to please you.”*[2]

19.4 Health

This is a hardy breed with few breed specific health problems.*[22] The main hereditary problem highlighted by the American Sealyham Terrier Club is an eye condition called lens luxation, for which there are DNA tests. Lens luxation is a condition in which the lens slips out of position in the eyeball due to the weakening of the fibers that holds it in place. This in turn blocks the flow of fluids in the eye, leading to a painful increase in intra-ocular pressure glaucoma and often irreparable optic nerve damage, leading to visual field loss and eventual blindness.*[23] As of November 2011, the Kennel Club has not highlighted any specific concerns regarding the breed's health to conformation show judges.*[24] Due to the low numbers of the breed, two of the most prevalent problems facing the breed today is the popular sire effect and the general problem of genetic diversity within the breed.*[25]*[26]

19.5 References

General

[1] Hough, Andrew (26 October 2011).“Campaign launched to save Sealyham terriers 'from extinction'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 December 2011. 19.5. REFERENCES 89

A Sealyham Terrier

[2] Waugh, Tessa (26 October 2011). “Country Life says: Save our Sealyhams”. Country Life. Retrieved 26 December 2011.

[3] “Sealyham Terrier”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[4] “An Introduction to the Vulnerable Native Breeds”. The Kennel Club. 20 December 2006. Retrieved 6 April 2011.

[5] Mason (1915): p. 34

[6] “Pembrokeshire Record Office Sealyham Terrier Clubs Records”. Archives Wales. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[7] Lucas M.C., Captain Jocelyn (1922). The Sealyham Terrier. T.H. Cumbie Ltd, Halford Street Leister. pp. 65–109.

[8] “The Sealyham Terrier - Back in the Spotlight”. The Kennel Club. 24 March 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[9] McCarthy, Michael (5 February 2009). “Final cut for Hollywood's favourite dog”. The Independent. Retrieved 26 December 2011.

[10] Webster, Isabel (25 December 2011). “Former Royal Favourite Dog Close To Extinction”. Sky News. Retrieved 25 December 2011. 90 CHAPTER 19. SEALYHAM TERRIER

[11] Hurtig, Jennifer (2007). Maurice Sendak. New York: Weigl Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-59036-485-7.

[12] Wilkes, David (26 October 2011). “The dog that's almost had its day: English terrier that's as rare as a tiger”. Daily Mail. Retrieved 27 October 2011.

[13] “Terrier wins controversial Crufts”. BBC News. 9 March 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.

[14] “Top dogs have the last bark at Eukanuba”. USA Today. 4 December 2007. Retrieved 25 December 2011.

[15] Deeley, Dawne (17 July 2008). “American Dog Win World Dog Show”. Dog Channel. Retrieved 25 December 2011.

[16] “AKC Dog Registration Statistics”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 8 January 2012.

[17] “Sealyham Terrier Breed Standard”. The Kennel Club. September 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[18] “Care Requirements”. Pedigree UK. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[19] “All About the Sealyham Terrier” (PDF). American Sealyham Terrier Club. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[20] “AKC Sealyham Terrier Breed Standard”. American Kennel Club. 9 February 1974. Retrieved 6 April 2011.

[21] “Sealyham Terrier”. PetMD.com. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[22] “Sealyham Terrier Breed Profile”. Your Dog. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[23] Packard, George. “Lens Luxation: a brief overview”. Sealyham Terrier Health Guard Database. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[24] “Breed Watch: Sealyham Terrier”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[25] Bell, Jerold S. (August 2004). “Popular-Sire Syndrome: Keeping watch over health and quality issues in purebreds”. AKC Gazette. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

[26] Bell, Jerold S. (March 2007). “Small Population Breeds and Issues of Genetic Diversity”. AKC Perspectives. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

Specific

• Mason, W.E. (1915). Dogs of All Nations. San Francisco: H. Judd.

19.6 External links

• Sealyham Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 20

Segugio Italiano

The Segugio Italiano [seˈɡudʒo itaˈljano] is an Italian breed of dog of the scenthound family. It comes in both short- haired and wire-haired varieties. It is thought to be an ancient breed, descended in pre-Roman eras from progenitor scenthounds in ancient Egypt. In 2009 ENCI (the Italian Kennel Club) registered 4,500 specimens of the short-haired variety and 1,740 wire-haired specimens,*[1] making this one of the top ten breeds in Italy.

20.1 Appearance

The Segugio is a square dog, whose length should be equal to its height at the withers. It is fawn-coloured or black and tan. The dogs are 45–52 cm tall at the withers and roughly 20–23 kg in weight.

• Shorthaired • Wirehaired, fawn • Wirehaired, black & tan

20.2 Utilization

The breed's determination to track a scent is similar to that of a Bloodhound, but unlike the Bloodhound the Segugio is also interested in the capture and kill of its victim. Its popularity in Italy is due to its outstanding performance as a hunter of game. Although Italians also use other hound breeds, such as Ariegeois, Petit Gascon-Saintongeois, Porcelaine, Posavac, Istrian Coarse-haired Hound and Istrian Shorthaired Hound, the Segugio Italiano has remained the choice of most Italian hunters due to its exceptional abilities. Hunters who hunt hare alone or in small groups find this dog to be ideal. The Segugio Italiano can also hunt larger game, such as wild boar (although it not considered a specialist for this quarry), wild sheep or goats or ungulates of the deer family. The Segugio Italiano works alone or in packs, depending on the quarry. This dog is first and foremost a working dog, and it is rarely kept as only a pet.

20.3 References

[1] http://www.enci.it/rivista/articolo.php?anno=2009&numero=07&ordine=3

20.4 External links

• Short-haired, Wire-haired at the Italian federation (ENCI). • Segugio Italiano Video • Segugio Italiano video 2

91 92 CHAPTER 20. SEGUGIO ITALIANO

• Segugio Italiano video 3

• Segugio Italiano Hunts Wild Boar in Piedmont Chapter 21

Seppala Siberian Sleddog

A rare working dog breed, the Seppala Siberian Sleddog is developed for the purpose of pulling a sled in cold country. It is a moderate-sized dog averaging 40 to 50 pounds (18 to 23 kg) weight and 22 or 23 inches (56 to 58 cm) height. Colours and markings are considered of little importance; eyes may be brown, blue or any combination of the two colours. Seppalas are active and energetic but very docile and trainable. Seppalas show a primitive canine type, never having been bred or selected for conformation or the show ring. The breed shares its ancestral base with the Siberian Husky and for half a century shared the same registry with that breed, but was bred always exclusively as a working sleddog breed in its own right and kept apart from show bloodlines. In the late 1990s, it was recognised by Canadian agricultural authorities as a new“evolving breed”and in 2002 a similar separate breed initiative was started in the USA.

21.1 Description

21.1.1 Appearance

Seppalas of today differ markedly from many other Siberian Husky bloodlines in physical appearance, being in general less flashily marked, longer in leg and body length, and lighter in weight and physical build than most Siberian Husky show dog lines. Pure-strain Seppalas have dense, smooth coats of medium length with an undercoat nearly as long as the guard hairs. Their ears are taller, set close together and strongly erect, the “stop”of the head less well-defined than that of Siberian Huskies. The tail is held high in a sickle curve over the back when alert, never “snapped”flat to the back or curling down the flank. Many Seppalas are pure white or buff and white. Others are very dark, black, or charcoal grey with dark faces and white only on the feet and tail tip. There are many varied shades of grey, brownish grey, and blue-grey. “Sable” reds with black-tipped guard hairs and black noses occur, but the liver-nosed “copper”phase seen in other lines of Siberian Huskies is unknown in pure Seppalas. Agouti “wild type”coloration and piebald spotting are common. Seppalas are known for their extremely smooth and well-coordinated gait and for the consistency and strength with which they pull in harness. Although they appear to the inexperienced eye to be rather small and lightly built for sled- dogs, actually they are far more efficient pullers than some larger northern breeds. They are capable racing sleddogs, particularly in mid-distance events, although perhaps not as speedy as world-class Alaskan huskies or pointer-crossed hybrids. Like other northern breeds, they shed their coats hugely once or twice a year, cannot safely be allowed to run free off leash, and love to hunt small game. They are generally robust and healthy, living twelve to sixteen years, usually working well in harness up to ten or eleven years of age. Health issues for the breed are those common to all northern breeds, such as allergies, cancer and eye problems. They are highly efficient in their use of food, eating relatively little but requiring very high-quality nutrition that is rich in animal protein, animal fat, and fish oil.

93 94 CHAPTER 21. SEPPALA SIBERIAN SLEDDOG

21.1.2 Temperament

The defining characteristics of the breed are its natural, primitive appearance, its highly developed work ethic, and its affectionate, cooperative, and highly bonded nature. They tend to be more trainable than other sled dogs and to be more highly bonded to their owners. The Seppala Siberian Sleddog disposition is active, merry, and often quite inquisitive, although sometimes showing great reserve with strangers. A stable and serious temperament, neither nervous nor aggressive, is characteristic. Natural, innate sleddog mentality is a primary characteristic of Seppala dogs. Their nature is highly cooperative. They show great seriousness in their work in harness.

21.2 History

Bred by the legendary dog driver Leonhard Seppala from dogs imported into Alaska from eastern Siberia, the Seppala Siberians became famous in Alaska for their domination of the All-Alaska Sweepstakes distance race in the period from 1914 to 1917. Later they became popular in New England when Seppala raced there and ran a kennel in Poland Spring, Maine. In 1939 the last Siberia imports, along with several of Seppalaʼs dogs, became the breed foundation for the“Siberian Huskie”in Canada. The Canadian Seppala Kennels of Harry R. Wheeler in St. Jovite Station, Quebec, developed and bred Seppala Siberians until 1950 in genetic isolation from the developing Siberian Husky breed in the USA, which gradually became oriented more and more toward conformation dog shows. A succession of Seppala breeders kept the strain alive through the 1950s and 1960s. In 1963, the third Seppala Kennels, run by C. S. MacLean and J. D. McFaul in Maniwaki, Quebec, closed without a successor kennel and by 1969 the unique Leonhard Seppala strain faced extinction. It was primarily saved by the timely action of two breeders: Markovo Kennels in Canada and Seppineau Kennels in the USA. The bloodline was then carried forward and developed as a serious mid-distance racing sleddog by Douglas W. Willett of Sepp-Alta Kennels in the state of Utah. The pure, original Seppala bloodlines are rare but found in small numbers in several Canadian provinces, the main population now occurring in Manitoba where the parent kennel relocated in 2008. The Seppala Siberian Sleddog Project that was started in 1993 by the protagonists of the Markovo rescue effort won Agriculture Canadaʼs recognition for Seppalas in July 1997. The fourth historic Seppala Kennels in the Yukon Territory carried the breeding forward. In July 2002, Doug Willett undertook a similar breed initiative through the Continental Kennel Clubʼs registry in the USA. At present two disparate populations use the same breed name: the original Agriculture Canada recognised population in Canada, identified by the Working Canine Association of Canada, and its descendants elsewhere, registered by the International Seppala Association; and the Continental Ken- nel Club population, which is not descended from the Canadian original. A third group of“Seppalas”is distinguished simply as an A.K.C.Siberian Husky bloodline.

21.3 References

• Bragg, J. Jeffrey (1976). The Seppala Siberian: A Breederʼs Manual, Vicksburg, Mississippi: Privately pub- lished.

• Bragg, J. Jeffrey (1996). The Seppala Siberian Sleddog: An Evolving Breed in Canadaʼs Yukon Territory, Whitehorse, Yukon: (Privately published brief submitted to Agriculture Canada).

• Ricker, Elizabeth M. (1930). Seppala: Alaskan Dog Driver, Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Com- pany.

• Willett, Douglas W. (1986) The Seppala Siberian, Viola, Idaho: Heritage North Press.

• Anonymous (2002). The International Seppala Siberian Sleddog Club, Seeley Lake, Montana: Privately pub- lished.

21.4 External links

• The Seppala Siberian Sleddog Project 21.4. EXTERNAL LINKS 95

Team of Seppala Siberians

• International Seppala Siberian Sleddog Club • International Seppala Association

• SSSD Breed Standard 1995 • SeppalaWiki online knowledge base Chapter 22

Serbian Hound

The Serbian Hound (Serbian: Српски гонич / Srpski gonič), previously known as the Balkan Hound (Балкански гонич / Balkanski gonič), is a pack hunting dog breed used in Serbia. It is red or tan with a black saddle, neck and cranium and red or tan face. Its head is flat and sloping, its muzzle pointed, with drop ears of the usual scent hound type. The Serbian Hound stands 17 to 21 inches (44–56 cm) in height and weighs about 44 pounds (20 kg). It is smooth-coated and coarse-haired. Described as pleasant natured and obedient, the breed is thought to descend from dogs left in the Balkan region by the Phoenicians in ancient times. The FCI changed its official designation of this breed to the Serbian Hound in 1996. The Serbian Hound is a very kind breed of dog, forming bonds with its family and owners. It is a lively breed and loves to walk and play with loved ones. The Serbian Hound is a very good worker with a tenacious nature that will not let it give up until it finds its quarry.

22.1 History

The Serbian Hound is one of a group of scent hounds that spread throughout the Balkans. The first record of the Balkan Hound comes from the 11th century where a man called Frank Laska described the breed in detail, along with other scenthounds of that time. The Serbian Hound has been a permanent fixture in the Balkans throughout history with the first standard written for the breed in 1924; however, it was not until 1940 that the Fédération Cynologique Internationale accepted the standard which had been accepted elsewhere. The Serbian Hound was spread most widely through Serbia and, at a FCI meeting in 1996, it was decided to officially change the name to the Serbian Hound.*[1] Today, the Serbian Hound can be seen throughout its native country, but remains very rare in other lands. Also called the black and tan.

22.2 Standard

Country of origin: Serbia Height (at withers/shoulder): Males: 46–56 cm/18–22 in; Females: 44–54 cm/17½–21½ in Weight: 44 lb/20 kg Coat: Hair is short, abundant, gleaming and quite thick, lying well all over the body. The undercoat is quite well developed. Hair is slightly longer over the back of the thighs and the underside of the tail. Colour: Red going from yellowy red to a rust tone, with a black mantle or saddle. The mantel or saddle goes as far as the head, which shows black marks on either side of the temples. Markings: A round white mark no longer than 2 cm on the chest. Lifespan: Average 12 years. A robust, medium-sized dog. The skull is slightly rounded with a well-developed muzzle and a nose that is always

96 22.3. TEMPERAMENT 97 black. The eyes are oval and slanting with dark irises. Ears are set high and of medium length and width; they are carried hanging down and close to the cheeks. The neck is strong and slightly arched. The body is slightly oblong, with a back that is well-muscled, long and powerful. The tail is slightly curved up and is carried below the line of the back, covered in abundant hair. Forequarters are powerful, well-muscled and parallel with muscular shoulder blades. The hindquarters are strong with well-muscled thighs.

22.3 Temperament

The Serbian Hound is a kindly breed with lively temperament which lends itself to both hunting in the field and life in the home. Tenacious, dependable, full of character and robust, this scenthound can make a good companion. Consistent and patient training required. Friendliness: Friendly Children: Can be good with children Trainability: Intelligent, but can be difficult to train Independence: Moderate Dominance: Can be dominant if allowed to be Decorum: May chase other pets Combativeness: Can be good if sufficiently socialised with other dogs Noise: Average barker

22.4 See also

• Hunting dog • Hound

• Šarplaninac • Scenthound Group

• Scent hound • Serbian Tricolour Hound

• Montenegrin Mountain Hound • Center for preservation of indigenous breeds

22.5 References

[1] Serbian Hound (PDF), Fédération Cynologique Internationale, archived from the original on 24 September 2014, retrieved 24 September 2014 Chapter 23

Serbian Tricolour Hound

The Serbian Tricolour Hound (srpski trobojni gonič or trobojac) is a breed of dog of the hound type. Formerly called the Yugoslavian Tricolour Hound, the name was changed for clarity after the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991. The breed was first exhibited at shows in 1950. At one time it was considered a variation of the Serbian Hound, but was recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as a separate breed in 1961.*[1] The Serbian Tricolour Hound is a medium-large scenthound that was bred as a running hound (free running to seek game on its own, not on a leash.) It is used on feral pigs or wild boar and other large game as well as hare and fox.

23.1 History

The Serbian Tricolour Hound is one of a group of scenthounds that has existed in the Balkans for a long time. For many years, the breed was regarded as simply a variety of other Serbian scenthounds, but in 1946 this was strongly refuted and the breed was granted independent status from other scenthounds and a standard was drawn up. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognized the breed in 1961. under the name Yugoslavian Tricolour Hound. Today, the Serbian Tricolour Hound is still popular in its native country of Serbia, although it is hardly seen beyond its borders.

23.2 Standard

Country of origin: Serbia Height (at withers/shoulder): Males: 45–55 cm/18–22 in; Females: 44–54 cm/17½–21½ in Weight: 44–55 lb/20–25 kg Coat: Hair is short, abundant, gleaming and slightly thick, lying well all over the body. The undercoat is quite well developed. Hair is slightly longer over the back of the thighs and the underside of the tail. Colour: The base coat is deep red or fox red with a black mantle or saddle. The back can go up as far the head where it forms black marks on the temples. The white star on the head and the blaze, which stretches down the muzzle, form a complete or partial collar under and around the neck. Markings: A white mark on the chest may extend as far as the tip of the breastbone, reaching the belly and inside of the legs. The end of the tail can be white. Lifespan: Average 12 years. A medium-sized dog with a slightly rounded skull and a muzzle which is shorter than the skull. The nose is well developed and black. The almond-shaped eyes are medium-sized and preferable as dark as possible. The ears are set high and medium in length, carried in a pendulous style, hanging close to the cheeks. The neck is strong and slightly arched. The rectangular body has a straight top line and well-muscled, strong back. The forequarters are strong, straight, well muscled and parallel with muscular and solid shoulders. The hindquarters are strong, straight and parallel with strong and powerful thighs.

98 23.3. TEMPERAMENT 99

Serbian Tricolour Hound

23.3 Temperament

The Serbian Tricolour Hound is a loving, lively and devoted breed that is completely loyal to its owner. Its kind and dependable nature has helped it to become popular both in the home and the field where its tenacity in the hunt is greatly admired. Friendliness: Reserved with strangers Children: Good if raised from puppyhood Trainability: Can be difficult to train Independence: Moderate Dominance: Can be dominant if allowed to be Decorum: May chase other pets Combativeness: Can be good if sufficiently socialised Noise: Average

23.4 See also

• Hunting dog • Hound • Scenthound Group • Scent hound • Serbian Hound 100 CHAPTER 23. SERBIAN TRICOLOUR HOUND

23.5 References

[1] Brief Historical Summary from the Fédération Cynologique Internationale Breed standard Chapter 24

Seskar Seal Dog

The Seskar Seal Dog (Seiskarinhyljekoira)*[1] is an extinct dog breed from Finland that was recently recreated. The modern dogs are not direct descendants of the original breed. Moreover, they are not used for the same purpose as the original breed. The original breed is typically called Seskar Seal Dog and the modern version Seskar (or Seiskari) Dog. Some 200 individuals in Finland represent the modern breed.

24.1 Appearance

According to traditional knowledge, the Seskar Seal Dog was a medium-sized, short-coated dog with a relatively light structure. Its head was wedge-shaped and muzzle relatively long and narrow. The ears were set forward and could be either erect or slightly folded. The tail was curled on the back. The short, shiny, and water-resistant coat was either black, brown, or white with black or brown markings. Males were approximately 47 to 53 centimetres (19 to 21 in) and females 44 to 50 centimetres (17 to 20 in) tall; both weighed 14 to 20 kilograms (31 to 44 lb).*[2] The breed standard is based on this information; thus, the same qualities also govern the modern type.*[2]

24.2 Behavior

The Seskar Seal Dog was friendly and social, both towards people and other dogs. These characteristics were impor- tant in its traditional work environment.*[2]

24.3 History

A Spitz-type seal-hunting dog was known in the Baltic Sea already during the Stone Age. In Finland, these dogs spread to the areas of Saaristomeri, Suomenlahti, Ahvenanmaa and parts of the Gulf of Bothnia. Dogs were used for searching nest caves and breathing holes of seals until the 1950s, but soon after this they died out*[2] - mainly because they were no longer needed in their original work.*[3] The breed is named after the isle of Seskar.

24.4 References

[1] Kääminen, A. (Oct 31st 2008). “Suomenpystykorva on suomalaisten suosikkikoirarotu”. Iltasanomat. Retrieved June 16th 2014.

[2] Seiskarinkoiran määritelmä. Seiskarinkoirakerho ry - Finnish Seiskari Dog Club. Retrieved May 10th 2014.

[3] Hänninen, P. Suomen koiraeläimet. Finnish Museum of Natural History. Retrieved June 16th 2014.

101 Chapter 25

Shar Pei

The Shar Pei, or Chinese Shar-Pei, is a breed of dog known for its distinctive features of deep wrinkles and a blue-black tongue. The breed comes from China. The name (沙⽪, pinyin: shā pí; English name probably derived from British spelling of the Cantonese equivalent, sā pèih) translates to “sand skin”and refers to the texture of its short, rough coat. As puppies, Shar Pei have numerous wrinkles, but as they mature, these wrinkles loosen and spread out as they “grow into their skin”. Shar Pei were named in 1978 as one of the world's rarest dog breeds by TIME magazine and the Guinness World Records. The American Kennel Club did not recognize the breed until 1991.

25.1 Description

Adult Shar Pei

102 25.1. DESCRIPTION 103

Shar Pei portrait

25.1.1 Appearance

Small, triangle ears, and a high-set tail also give the Shar Pei a unique look. For show standard, “the tail is thick and round at the base, tapering to a fine point”(AKC standard February 28, 1998). As puppies, Shar pei are a lot more wrinkly than adults and, although some adults can be wrinklier than their puppy self, an adult pei should have wrinkles mostly on the face, a few on their shoulder and at the base of the tail.

Colors

Their pigmentation resemble the Chow Chow as they've been crossed before, probably giving them the same blue- black tongue. There are over sixteen recognized colors in AKC. The coat must be solid in color, and any Shar-Pei with a “flowered coat”(spotted) or black and tan in coloration (i.e. German Shepherd) is a disqualification. Colors include black, blue, cream, fawn, red-fawn, red, sable, apricot, chocolate, and isabella. The nose may be black or brick (pink with black), with or without a black mask. A Shar-Pei can also have what is called a“dilute”coloration. Meaning the nose, nails and anus of the dog is the same color as the coat, (i.e. chocolate coat with chocolate nose, nails and anus). All of these color variations are acceptable and beautiful, but the coat color must be solid and well blended throughout the whole body of the dog.

Coat

Horse-coat (unusual but regaining ground), rough to the touch, extremely prickly and off-standing, soft in one direc- tion and harsh in the other; Brush-coat, with longer hair and a smoother feel; and Bear-coat (rare, and not recognized by the AKC; Bearcoats are due to the addition of other breeds). Examples of the breed were owned by the peas- ant class, and were used for working dogs and fighting due to their loose skin. Shar pei can be seen in Chinese art throughout history, and are considered to be one of the oldest dog breeds on earth. Western Shar Pei comes in three different coat types: horse, brush, and bear coat. The unusual horse coat is rough to the touch, extremely prickly 104 CHAPTER 25. SHAR PEI

A Shar Pei that shows the breed's compact body, curled tail, and small ears

Western type (A–C) and traditional type of Shar-Pei (D). Excess skin collects in certain areas such as the hocks (E). and off-standing and is closer to the original traditional Shar Pei breed in appearance and coat type than the brush or bear coat. This coat is fairly prickly and can be rough or irritating when petting in the opposite direction of the fur. The horse coat is generally thought to be more active and predisposed to dominant behavior than the brush coat. The brush-coated variety have slightly longer hair and a smoother feel to them. The brush coat is generally considered to be more of a “couch potato”than the horse coat. This breed sheds normally twice a year*[2] (see Moult). The Chinese Shar-Pei is a unique and intelligent dog most often recognized for its wrinkles. Initially developed as a Chinese farm and hunting and later fighting dog, the breed does well today in obedience, agility, herding and 25.1. DESCRIPTION 105

tracking, with skills that would have been needed on the farm. Because the name Shar-Pei means “sand coat”, harshness is a distinctive feature in its two accepted coat types, either horse (short) or brush (up to an inch long). Other unique qualities include black mouth pigment, a slightly “hippo-like”head shape, small ears, deep-set eyes and rising top-line. Any coat longer than one inch at the withers is called a “bear coat”and is not considered breed standard, as it only occurs when both the male and female carry recessive coat genes. This coat length resembles the coat of the Chow Chow and was probably inherited from the chows. The personality of the bear coat is very much like that of a brush coat.

Wrinkles

Shar Pei have a thick, curled tail

The traditional Shar Pei that is most popular in China is more faithful to the history of the breed (taller, less wrinkly, flatter mouth and nose, horse coated). As puppies, they have lots of wrinkles and as they get older, they get fewer wrinkles. Scientists from the Department of Genome Sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle, announced in January 2010 that they had analysed the genetic code of 10 different pedigree dog breeds. In the Shar-pei they discovered four small differences located in the gene HAS2 which is responsible for making hyaluronic acid synthase 2. That enzyme makes hyaluronic acid, which is one of the key components of the skin. There have been rare cases in which a mutation of the same gene has caused severe wrinkling in humans as well.*[3]

25.1.2 Temperament

All Shar-Pei puppies need early socialization with children, strangers, and other animals. Some people may experience a sensitivity to the harshness of the coat of either length. This is a mild, short-lived rash that can develop on the skin that has been in contact with the coat, most commonly on the forearms. The Shar Pei is often suspicious of strangers, which pertains to their origin as a guard dog. It is a very independent and reserved breed. Nevertheless, the Shar Pei is extremely devoted, loyal and affectionate to its family and is amenable to 106 CHAPTER 25. SHAR PEI

A Shar-Pei and a puppy playing

accepting strangers given time and proper introduction at a young age. If poorly socialized or trained, it can become especially territorial and aggressive. Even friendly and well-socialized individuals will retain the breed's watch dog proclivities (like barking at strangers). It is a largely silent breed, barking only when it is playing or worried. The Shar- Pei were originally bred as palace guards in China. Although Shar-Pei are sometimes stubborn, they are receptive to fair, compassionate training. With repetition and a clear reward system, training is not very difficult, however they do not respond well to negative and cruel treatment. Overall, the Shar Pei can be a dog that is loyal and loving to its family while being very protective. Shar-Pei do not like to be alone, preferring to be close to their humans, often lying nearby in the same room.

25.2 Health

Because of its popularity after being introduced to North America in the 1970s, the breed suffered much inexpe- rienced or rushed breeding. This resulted not only in a dramatically different look for the Shar-Pei (as its most distinctive features, including its wrinkles and rounded snout, were greatly exaggerated), but also in a large number of health problems. The American breed club states that few Shar Peis make it to age 10 and has a longevity program that records dogs that live 10 years or more.*[4] Allergy-induced skin infections can be a problem in this breed. Familial Shar Pei fever (FSF) is a serious congenital disease that causes short fevers lasting from 24 hours, some- times up to three days and is usually accompanied by accumulation of fluid around the ankles (called Swollen Hock Syndrome). These fevers may or may not recur at more frequent intervals and become more intense. Amyloidosis, a long-term condition, is most likely related to FSF, caused by unprocessed amyloid proteins depositing in the organs, most often in the kidneys or liver, leading eventually to renal failure. There is no early test for FSF, but as it is congenital, the dog is either born with it or without it, and if one attack occurs (usually brought on by improper diet, excessive emotional or physical stress), the dog will always be susceptible to another. With proper care, a Shar-Pei with FSF can live a completely normal and long life. Shar-Pei who demonstrate proclivity to fever episodes, should 25.3. HISTORY 107

Female dog never be allowed to eat any soy products, beef, or rawhide treats. Treatment for fever and swollen hocks is the use of NSAIDs, such as Rimadyl or Carprofen, every twelve hours to bring down the fever and reduce hock swelling. FSF episodes can last up to several days, during which the dog is lethargic, feverish, and has no appetite. Once the episode has passed and the dog is eating again, switching to a lamb and rice, soy-free kibble will help mitigate future fever episodes. The disease is associated with the western type and it is estimated that 23% are affected.*[5] The Australian breed standard was changed in 2009 to discourage breeding for heavy wrinkling.*[6] A common problem is a painful eye condition, entropion, in which the eyelashes curl inward, irritating the eye. Untreated, it can cause blindness. This condition can be fixed by surgery (“tacking”the eyelids up so they will not roll onto the eyeball for puppies or surgically removing extra skin in adolescent and older Shar Pei).*[7] In Australia, more than 8 in 10 Shar Peis require surgery to correct eye problems.*[8] The Shar-Pei is also prone to chronic yeast infections in its ears. This is due to tight inner ear structure with a wrinkled appearance, making cleaning very difficult; exacerbated by the tight “flap”that the ear creates over the canal, promoting a moist environment. Vitamin B-12 deficiency is a common problem in the Shar Pei and is suspected to be hereditary.

25.3 History

The Shar Pei breed comes from the Guangdong province of China. The original Shar-Pei from China looked very different from the breed now popular in the West. People in southern China, Hong Kong, and Macau differentiate the Western type and the original type by calling them respectively 'meat-mouth' and 'bone-mouth' Shar-Pei. The ancestry of the Shar-Pei is uncertain. It may be a descendant of the Chow Chow; however, the only clear link between these is the blue-black tongue. However, pictures on pottery suggest the breed was present even in the Han 108 CHAPTER 25. SHAR PEI

Puppies

Dynasty (206 BC). A statue on display at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts dating from the second century A.D. depicts a dog that strongly resembles a modern Shar Pei. For many years, the Shar-Pei was kept as a general-purpose farm dog in the Chinese countryside, used for hunting, protecting and herding stock and guarding the home and family. During that time, the Shar-Pei was bred for intelligence, strength and scowling face. DNA analysis conducted in the 2000s suggests that the Shar-Pei is one of a few ancient dog breeds, believed to have split from common ancestors earlier than other breeds. In 2004, the foundational analysis of purebred dog genetics was published in Science.*[9] The resulting tree was profoundly asymmetrical. After wolves, just four groups sat its base: Asiaʼs shar-pei, along with shiba inu, akita and chow chow; central Africaʼs basenji; malamutes from the Arctic, along with Siberian huskies and samoyeds; and from the Middle East, Afghan hounds and salukis. The Shar Pei's loose skin and extremely prickly coat were originally developed to help the dogs fend off wild boar, as they were used to hunt. Later, the breed was used for dog fighting; these enhanced traits made the Shar Pei difficult for its opponent to grab and hold on to, and so that if it did manage to hold on, the Shar Pei would still have room to maneuver and bite back; when grabbed by any loose wrinkle, a Shar Pei can actually twist in their skin and face in one's direction. In fighting, they would twist in their skin to bite the assailant back. During the Communist Revolution, when the Shar Pei population dwindled dramatically,*[10] dogs were rescued by a Hong Kong businessman named Matgo Law, who in 1973 appealed to Americans through a dog magazine to save the breed. Around 200 Shar Peis were smuggled into America. The current American Shar Pei population stems mainly from these original 200.

25.4 See also

• List of dog fighting breeds

• Foo Dog, dog breeds originating in China that resemble Chinese guardian lions and hence are also called Foo or Fu Dogs or Lion Dogs 25.5. REFERENCES 109

Traditional Chinese 'bone-mouth' Shar-Pei.

25.5 References

[1] Fédération Cynologique Internationale Standard No. 309 of April 14, 1999, translated August 9, 1999, retrieved 2009-04- 12 (English)

[2] Go Pets America: Dogs that do not shed – Retrieved September 7, 2008

[3] Amos, Jonathan (2010-01-12). “Shar-pei wrinkles explained by dog geneticists”. BBC News. Retrieved 2010-01-12.

[4] Libman, Roberta. “CSPCA Longevity Program”. Chinese Shar-Pei Club of America. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

[5] Olsson, M.; Meadows, J. R. S.; Truvé, K.; Rosengren Pielberg, G.; Puppo, F.; Mauceli, E.; Quilez, J.; Tonomura, N.; Zanna, G.; Docampo, M. J.; Bassols, A.; Avery, A. C.; Karlsson, E. K.; Thomas, A.; Kastner, D. L.; Bongcam-Rudloff, E.; Webster, M. T.; Sanchez, A.; Hedhammar, A.; Remmers, E. F.; Andersson, L.; Ferrer, L.; Tintle, L.; Lindblad- Toh, K. (2011). Georges, Michel, ed. “A Novel Unstable Duplication Upstream of HAS2 Predisposes to a Breed- Defining Skin Phenotype and a Periodic Fever Syndrome in Chinese Shar-Pei Dogs”. PLoS Genetics 7 (3): e1001332. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001332. PMC 3060080. PMID 21437276.

[6] Murphy, Bridget (18 March 2011). “How Shar-Pei dogs got their wrinkles”. Cosmos. Retrieved 18 April 2011.

[7] Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.) (1999). Veterinary Ophthalmology (3rd ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30076-8.

[8] Ryan, Kelly (18 April 2011). “Wrinkly dogs get nip and tuck”. Herald Sun. Retrieved 18 April 2011.

[9] Parker H.G., Kim L.V. et al. (May 23, 2004). “Genetic structure of the purebred domestic dog”. Science 304 (5674): 1093–5. doi:10.1126/science.1097406. PMID 15155949.

[10] “History”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 24 January 2015.

25.6 External links

• Shar Pei at DMOZ 110 CHAPTER 25. SHAR PEI

Matgo Law judging a Shar-Pei specialty show in Slovenia (2008)

• More on the traditional Bone-mouth Shar-pei 25.6. EXTERNAL LINKS 111

Two Shar Pei Chapter 26

Shetland Sheepdog

The Shetland Sheepdog, often known as the Sheltie, is a breed of herding dog. They are small to medium dogs, and come in a variety of colors, such as sable, tri-color, and blue merle. They are vocal, excitable, energetic dogs who are always willing to please and work hard. They are partly derived from dogs used in the Shetland Isles for herding and protecting sheep. The breed was formally recognized by The Kennel Club in 1909.*[2] The Shetland Sheepdog's early history is not well known. Although of obscure origin, the sheltie is probably a descendant of small specimens of the Scottish Collie and the King Charles Spaniel. It was developed to tend the diminutive sheep of the Shetland Islands, whose rugged, stormy shores have produced other small-statured animals such as the Shetland pony. Today it is raised as a farm dog and family pet.*[3] They were originally a small mixed- breed dog, often 10–13 inches (250–330 mm) in height and it is thought that the original Shetland herding dogs were of Spitz type, and were crossed with collie-type sheepdogs from mainland Britain.*[4] In the early 20th century, James Loggie added a small Rough Collie to the breeding stock, and helped establish what would become the modern Shetland sheepdog.*[5] The original name of the breed was Shetland Collie, but this caused controversy among Rough Collie breeders at the time, so the breed's name was formally changed to Shetland Sheepdog.*[4]

26.1 History

Unlike many miniature breeds that resemble their larger counterparts, this breed was not developed simply by selectively breeding the Rough Collie for smaller and smaller size. The original sheepdog of Shetland was a Spitz-type dog, probably similar to the modern Icelandic Sheepdog. This dog was crossed with mainland working collies brought to the islands,*[6] and then after being brought to England, it was further extensively crossed with the Rough Collie, and other breeds including some or all of the extinct Greenland Yakki, the King Charles Spaniel (not the Cavalier), the Pomeranian,*[4] and possibly the Border Collie. The original Spitz-type working sheepdog of Shetland is now extinct, having been replaced for herding there by the Border Collie. The Shetland Sheepdog in its modern form has never been used as a working dog on Shetland, and ironically it is uncommon there. When the breed was originally introduced breeders called them Shetland Collies, which upset Rough Collie breeders, so the name was changed to Shetland Sheepdog.*[4]*[7] During the early 20th century (up until the 1940s), additional crosses were made to Rough Collies to help retain the desired Rough Collie type – in fact, the first AKC Sheltie champion's dam was a purebred rough Collie. The year 1909, marked the initial recognition of the Sheltie by the English Kennel Club, with the first registered Sheltie being a female called Badenock Rose. The first Sheltie to be registered by the American Kennel Club was “Lord Scott”in 1911.*[8]

26.2 Description

The general appearance of the Sheltie is that of a miniature Rough Collie. They are a small, double coated, working dog, agile and sturdy. Blue merle Shelties may have blue eyes or one brown and one blue eye, but all others have dark colored eyes. Their expression should be that of alertness with a gentle and sometimes reserved nature. They are often very good with children. They carry their tail down low, only lifted when alert and never carried over the back.

112 26.2. DESCRIPTION 113

Photograph of a Shetland sheepdog from 1915.

They are an intensely loyal breed, sometimes reserved with strangers but should not be shy or showing timidness as per the AKC breed standard.

26.2.1 Coat and colors

Shelties have a double coat, which means that they have two layers of fur that make up their coat. The long, rough guard hairs lie on top of a thick, soft undercoat. The guard hairs are water-repellent, while the undercoat provides relief from both high and low temperatures. The English Kennel Club describes three different colors: “tricolour, blue merle, and sable (ranging from golden through mahogany), marked with varying amounts of white and/or tan.”*[9] Essentially, however, a blue merle dog is a genetically black dog, either black, white, and tan (tricolor). In the show ring, blue merles may have blue eyes; all other colors must have brown eyes.

Basic coat colors

• Sable – Sable is dominant over other colors. May be pure for sable (two sable genes) or may be tri-factored or bi-factored (carrying one sable gene and one tricolor or bicolor gene). “Tri-factored”sable and“shaded” sable are NOT interchangeable terms. A shaded dog (one with a lot of black overlay on a sable coat) may or may not be tri-factored or bi-factored.*[10]

• Tricolor – black, white, and tan. Tricolor is dominant over bi-black. May be pure for tricolor (2 tri genes) or may be bi-factored (carrying one tricolor gene and one bicolor gene).

• Bi-black – black and white. Bi-black is recessive. A bi-black Sheltie carries 2 bi-black genes; thus, any dog of any other color with a bi-black parent is also bi-factored. 114 CHAPTER 26. SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

A sable Shetland Sheepdog

“Modified”coat colors

Any of the above colors may also have a color modification gene. The color modification genes are merling and white factoring. Merling dilutes the base color (sable, tricolor, or bi-black) causing a black dog's coat to show a mix of black, white, and gray hairs, often with black patches.

• Blue merle̶blue, white, and tan. A tricolor with the merling gene. May have blue eyes.

• Bi-blue̶blue and white. A bi-black with the merling gene. May have blue eyes.

• Sable merle̶faded or mottled sable and white. Often born with a mottled coat of darker brown over lighter brown, they usually present as a faded or lighter sable or can appear as a washed out blue-merle. Sable merles are shown in the breed ring as sables; therefore, blue eyes are a major fault in AKC. Blue eyes are not faulted in sable merles in UKC.

White factoring affects the amount of white on the dog.*[11] It is hard to tell, without actually breeding, whether a dog is white-factored or not, though dogs with white going up the stifle (the front of the hind leg) are usually assumed to be white-factored. Breeding two white-factored dogs can result in color-headed whites̶Shelties with colored heads (sable, tricolor, bi-black, or blue or sable merle) and white bodies.*[11] For show dogs, dogs with more than 50% white are heavily penalized and thus are not shown in the breed ring; they are normal in every other way. Double merles, a product of breeding two merle Shelties together, have a very high incidence of deafness and/or blindness.*[12] There have been reports of a brindle Sheltie*[13] but many Sheltie enthusiasts agree that a cross sometime in the ancestry of that specific Sheltie could have produced a brindle. Unacceptable colors in the show ring are a rustiness in a blue or black coat. Colors may not be faded, no conspicuous white spots, and the color cannot be over 50% white. 26.2. DESCRIPTION 115

Blue merle Shetland Sheepdog

26.2.2 Height and weight

Shelties normally weigh around 5–11 kilograms (11–24 lb). In general, males are taller and heavier than females. Accepted height ranges may differ depending on country and standard used. In the USA and Canada, breed standards state that males and females can be between 33–41 centimetres (13–16 in), all other standards (Australia, New Zealand and U.K.) specify Males: 37 cm ± 2½ cm, Females: 35.5 cm ± 2½ cm except F.C.I. which specifies Females: 36 cm ± 2½ cm at the shoulder (withers), however, some shelties can be found outside of these ranges but are not considered truly representative of the breed. Variation can be found within litters, and height (in the 40–50 cm range) is above the breed standard in some lines.

26.2.3 Ears

To conform to the breed standards, the Shelties' ears should bend slightly or “tip”, this contributes to the “proper Sheltie expression”. The ear is to have the top third to a quarter of the ear tipped. If a dog's ears are not bent (referred to as prick ears) some owners brace them into the correct position for several weeks to several months.*[14] Wide-set (too much distance between) ears are also not a desired trait, nor are ears which tip too low down (referred to as 'hound' ears).

26.2.4 Grooming

Shelties have a double coat, and often shed a lot of the time, no matter the season. The topcoat consists of long, straight, water-repellent hair, which provides protection from cold and the elements. The undercoat is short, furry, and very dense and helps to keep the dog warm. Mats can be commonly found behind the ears, under the elbow on each front leg, and in the fluffy fur on the hind legs (the “skirts”), as well as around the collar (if worn). The coat 116 CHAPTER 26. SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

A tri-colour Shetland Sheepdog

is usually shed twice a year, often at spring and autumn.*[15] Females will also shed right before or right after giving birth. Male shelties technically shed less than females but fur still comes off constantly.*[16] Shaving these dogs is very bad for their skin and some do not regrow any significant amount of hair after being shaved, a condition known as alopecia.*[17] Spaying or neutering can alter coat texture, making it softer, more prone to matting and even more profuse. It should be noted that Shelties shed in clumps which can be pulled or brushed out of the main coat, rather than individual hair. This makes them much easier to groom and clean-up after than many smooth-haired dogs, which leave loose fur in their space. 26.3. TEMPERAMENT 117

A bi-blue Shetland Sheepdog with the merling gene causing blue eyes.

26.3 Temperament

Shelties have a high level of intelligence. According to Dr. Stanley Coren, an expert on animal intelligence, the Shetland sheepdog is one of the brightest dogs, ranking 6th out of 132 breeds tested. His research found that an average Sheltie could understand a new command in less than 5 repetitions and would obey a command the first time it was given 95% of the time or better.*[18] 118 CHAPTER 26. SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

Portrait of a sable-coloured Shetland sheepdog

26.4 Health

For the most part, Shelties are athletic and healthy. Like the Rough Collie, there is a tendency toward inherited malformation and disease of the eyes. Each individual puppy should have his eyes examined by a qualified veterinary ophthalmologist. Some lines may be susceptible to hypothyroidism, epilepsy, hip dysplasia, or skin allergies. Compared to other dogs, Shetland Sheepdogs have a four-fold increased risk of developing transitional cell carcinoma, a cancer of the bladder.*[19] Dermatomyositis may occur at the age of 4 to 6 months, and is frequently misdiagnosed by general practice veteri- narians as sarcoptic or demodectic mange. The disease manifests itself as alopecia on the top of the head, supra- and suborbital area and forearms as well as the tip of the tail. If the disease progresses to its more damaging form, it could affect the autonomic nervous system and the dog may have to be euthanised. This disease is generation- skipping and genetically transmitted, with breeders having no clear methodology for screening except clear bloodline records. Deep tissue biopsies are required to definitively diagnose dermatomyositis.*[20] Von Willebrand disease is an inherited bleeding disorder. In Shelties, affected dogs as a general rule are not viable and do not live long. The Sheltie carries type III of von Willebrands, which is the most severe of the three levels. 26.4. HEALTH 119

Shelties are significantly smaller than Rough Collies 120 CHAPTER 26. SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

There are DNA tests that were developed to find von Willebrands in Shelties. It can be done at any age, and it will give three results: affected, carrier and non-affected.*[21]*[22] Shelties may also suffer from hypothyroidism, which is the under-functioning thyroid gland. It is an Autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Clinical symptoms include hair loss or lack of coat, over or under-weight, and listlessness.*[23] Although small breed dogs are not usually plagued by hip dysplasia, it has been identified in Shelties. Hip dysplasia occurs when the head of the femur and the acetabulum do not fit together correctly, frequently causing pain and/or lameness.*[24] Hip dysplasia is thought to be genetic.*[25] Many breeders will have their dogs' hips x-rayed and certified by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals.

26.4.1 Eyes

The two basic forms of inherited eye diseases/defects in Shelties are Collie eye anomaly (CEA) and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). Collie eye anomaly: An autosomal recessive inherited trait which results in incomplete closure of the embryonic fissure; seen almost exclusively in Collies, Border collies and Shetland sheepdogs.*[26] CEA can be detected in young puppies by a veterinary ophthalmologist.*[27] The disease involves the retina. It is always bilateral although the severity may be disparate (unequal) between eyes. Other accompanying defects (ophthalmic anomalies) may wrongly indicate a more severe manifestation of CEA. CEA is present at birth and although it cannot be cured, it doesn't progress. Signs of CEA in shelties are small, or deepset eyes. That is, the severity of the disease at birth will not change throughout the dog's life. CEA is scored similar to the way hips are. CEA is genetic, inheritance is autosomal recessive, this means that even a dog that shows no phenotypic signs of the condition may be a carrier. Breeders should actively try to breed this disease out by only breeding with dogs that have “clear”eyes or very low scoring eyes.*[28] A CEA score considered too high to breed with may still be low enough not to affect the dog's life. These dogs live happy and healthy lives as pets but should be not used for breeding. The recent development of a DNA test for CEA makes control of this disease much more likely as more breeders take advantage of the test. PRA can be detected at any time but usually does not show up until the dog is around two years of age. Breeding dogs should be tested for genotype for this condition before breeding and only animals found “clear”should be used for breeding. PRA can occur in most breeds of dog including mix breeds. In Most breeds it is also an autosomal recessive condition, however it has been found in other breeds to be autosomal dominant and sex-linked in others.*[29] As the name suggests, it is a progressive disease which will eventually result in total blindness.*[30] Like CEA, an affected dog should not be bred with but these dogs can live happily as pets. Currently there is no treatment for either disease, but as both diseases (CEA and PRA) are hereditary it is possible to eliminate them using selective breeding.

26.4.2 Breeding

As with any dog, Shelties should be screened for inheritable genetic diseases before breeding. Both male and female should be tested for thyroid problems, Von Willebrands disease and brucellosis, as well as have hip x-rays cleared by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals and eyes cleared by CERF. Breeding colours is also a problem for many beginner breeders. Certain colour combinations can produce unwanted or potentially harmful results, such as mating blue merle to blue merle. Blue merle to blue merle crosses can produce what is called a“double merle”the result of which can be deaf and/or blind.*[31] Mating a sable and white to a blue merle can produce a sable merle, which is undesirable for the show ring. A tri-colour to a pure-for-sable (a sable and white which can produce only other sable and whites), will produce only sable and whites, but they will be tri-factored sable and whites (which means they have the tri-gene.) There are many more examples of breeding for color, so a good breeder will research color genetics prior to breeding. There are many different genes contributing to the different colors of the Sheltie, including the bi gene, the merling gene, the sable gene, and the tricolour gene.*[32]*[33]

26.4.3 MDR1 Gene Mutation

According to the College of Veterinary Medicine at Washington State University, the Shetland Sheepdog, and many other herding breeds, have a risk of being born with a MDR1 Gene Mutation, with about 15% of individuals affected. Cross-breeds are also affected.*[34] Dogs carrying Mdr1-1 share a common ancestor that experienced remarkable evolutionary success, having contributed genetically to at least nine distinct breeds of dog.*[35] Due to this genetic 26.5. WORKING LIFE 121 mutation, affected dogs may exhibit sensitivity or adverse reactions to many drugs. including Acepromazine, Bu- torphanol, Doxorubicin, Erythromycin, Ivermectin, Loperamide, Milbemycin, Moxidectin, Rifampin, Selamectin, Vinblastine, and Vincristine.*[36]*[37]

26.5 Working life

As the name suggests, Shelties can and have been used as sheepdogs and still participate in sheepdog trials to this day. Herding dogs conduct livestock from one place to another by causing fear-flocking and flight behavior.*[38] The instinct to herd is primarily a product of breeding. No amount of training can substitute this trait. *[39]

26.5.1 Activities

In their size group, the breed dominates dog agility, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Shelties exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[40]

26.6 Famous Shetland Sheepdogs

• Ch Halstor's Peter Pumpkin ROM*[41] - The Shetland sheepdog sire with the most Champions (160).*[42] • Badenock Rose - the first Shetland sheepdog registered with the English Kennel Club.*[8] • Pikku - Shigeru Miyamoto's Shetland sheepdog • Reveille II - a past official mascot of Texas A&M University • Forrest as Grace O'Keefe's dog Lady in Kill the Irishman • Mickey - main character of Canadian children's series Mickey's Farm*[43] • Sam - The Dog in the Lethal Weapon series, owned by Riggs.

26.7 See also

• Shetland animal breeds

26.8 References

[1] Cassidy, Dr. Kelly M. (1 February 2008). “Breed Longevity Data”. Dog Longevity. Retrieved 1 July 2012.

[2] “Sheltie information”. Retrieved 2 April 2011.

[3]“Shetland sheepdog.”The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. Credo Reference. Web. 17 September 2012

[4] Herbert, Beryl & Joan (1961). The Shetland Sheepdog. New York, New York: Arco Publishing Company, inc. ISBN 0-668-03976-0.

[5] Thornley, Barbara. “Breed History”. Retrieved 2 April 2011.

[6] The ancestral relationships of contemporary British herding breeds. Iris Combe & Pat Hutchinson 2004. Chart of relation- ships between various British herding dog breeds, and outline of their history.

[7] Clem McGowan, Charlotte (1999). The Shetland Sheepdog in America. Best Friends Ltd.

[8] Bowling, Sue Ann. “Shetland Sheepdog Breed History”. Retrieved April 4, 2011.

[9] “AKC Breed Standard for Shetland Sheepdogs”. Retrieved 11 August 2011. 122 CHAPTER 26. SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

[10] Dreger, Dayna. “Shetland Sheepdog Coat Color DNA Study”. Retrieved 11 August 2011. [11] “Basic Color Genetics of the Shetland Sheepdog”. sparkshire.com. [12] “Sheltie Coat Color Genes”. Athro, Limited. February 5, 2000. Retrieved April 4, 2011. [13] Miller, Bob. “Brindle Sheltie”. Barlo Shelties. Retrieved April 4, 2011. [14] “Shelty ear tipping”. [15] “Grooming the Sheltie”. [16] Foster; Smith. “Why Nursing Dogs Lose Their Hair or Blow Their Coat”. Retrieved 13 May 2011. [17] McDonough, Yona Zeldis (1 September 2010). “Shaving dogs in the summer”. webvet.com. Retrieved 13 May 2011. [18] Coren, Stanley (1995). The Intelligence of Dogs. Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-37452-4. [19] Clinical Medicine of the Dog and Cat, 2nd ed., ed. Michael Schaer, p. 528. [20] Clark, L.A.; Credille KM; Murphy KE; Rees CA. (16 December 2005). “Linkage of dermatomyositis in the Shetland Sheepdog to chromosome 35”. Veterinary Dermatology 6 (6): 392–394. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00469.x. PMID 16359306. [21] Brewer, George J. “Sheltie von Willebrand's Disease”. vetGen. Retrieved April 4, 2011. [22] Julie B. Anderson, DVM; Kenneth S. Latimer, DVM, PhD; Perry J. Bain, DVM, PhD; Heather L. Tarpley, DVM. “Von Willebrand's Disease”. Retrieved 2 April 2011. [23] “Canine Hypothyroidism”. Retrieved 2 April 2011. [24] “Canine Hip Dysplasia”. Retrieved 2 April 2011. [25] Leighton, E.A. (15 May 1997).“Genetics of canine hip dysplasia”. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210 (10): 1474–9. PMID 9154200. [26]“Collie.”Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. 17 September 2012. [27] “Collie-eye information”. Retrieved 2 April 2011. [28] Stitt, Katriona. “Collie-eye genetics”. Retrieved 2 April 2011. [29] “PRA Canine Health”. Retrieved 2 April 2011. [30] McCalla, Terri. “PRA in Dogs”. Retrieved 2 April 2011. [31] “Sheltie Coat Colors”. [32] Haderlie, Peggy and Jan (1983). Sheltie International presents Color Inheritance Charts For the Shetland Sheepdog. Sheltie International. [33] Bowling, Sue Ann (May 11, 2010). “Animal Genetics”. Retrieved April 4, 2011. [34] “MDR1 Gene Mutation FAQ”. [35] Neff, Mark W, Kathryn R. Robertson, Aaron K. Wong, Noa Safra, Karl W. Broman, Montgomery Slatkin, Katrina L. Mealey, Niels C. Pedersen, and Arno G. Motulsky. “Breed Distribution and History of Canine Mdr1-1δ, a Pharmacoge- netic Mutation That Marks the Emergence of Breeds from the Collie Lineage.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101.32 (2004): 11725-11730. Print [36] “MDR1 Gene Mutation- Flier” (PDF). [37] “Problem Drugs - MDR1 Gene Mutation”. [38] Serpell, James, ed. The Domestic Dog: its evolution, behaviour and interactions with people. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Print. [39] Palika, Liz (2000). How to train your Shetland sheepdog. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications. ISBN 978-0793836628. [40] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5. [41] Bowling, Sue Ann. “Register of Merit Shetland Sheepdogs”. Retrieved April 4, 2011. [42] Bowling, Sue Ann. “Ch Halstors Peter Pumpkin ROM”. Retrieved April 4, 2011. [43] “Mickey's Farm”. The Pet Network. Retrieved 4 May 2014. 26.9. EXTERNAL LINKS 123

26.9 External links

• Shetland Sheepdog at DMOZ 124 CHAPTER 26. SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

Shetland sheepdogs are lively and intelligent 26.9. EXTERNAL LINKS 125

Shelties are athletic and healthy. 126 CHAPTER 26. SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

This mostly white Sheltie has several conformational faults, such as pricked ears, too much white coloration (due to it being a double merle), microphthalmia, and pigment other than black on the nose. This dog would not be considered breeding stock. 26.9. EXTERNAL LINKS 127

A sable & white Sheltie.

Mickey - a real life Shetland Sheepdog - is the main character of the Canadian children's series Mickey's Farm Chapter 27

Shiba Inu

The Shiba Inu (柴⽝ ) is the smallest of the six original and distinct spitz breeds of dog from Japan.*[1] A small, agile dog that copes very well with mountainous terrain, the Shiba Inu was originally bred for hunting.*[1]*[2] It looks similar to and is often mistaken for other Japanese dog breeds like the Akita Inu or Hokkaido, but the Shiba Inu is a different breed with a distinct blood line, temperament and smaller size than other Japanese dog breeds.*[3]*[4] It is one of the few ancient dog breeds still in existence in the world today.*[5]

27.1 Etymology

A Shiba Inu in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan

Inu is the Japanese word for dog, but the origin of the prefix“Shiba”is less clear. The word shiba means“brushwood” in Japanese, and refers to a type of tree or shrub whose leaves turn red in the fall.*[6] This leads some to believe that

128 27.2. DESCRIPTION 129

the Shiba was named with this in mind, either because the dogs were used to hunt in wild shrubs, or because the most common color of the Shiba Inu is a red color similar to that of the shrubs. However, in an old Nagano dialect, the word shiba also had the meaning of “small”, thus this might be a reference to the dog's diminutive stature.*[6] Therefore, the Shiba Inu is sometimes translated as “Little Brushwood Dog”.*[1]

27.2 Description

A “white”(also called “cream”) Shiba Inu

27.2.1 Appearance

The Shiba's frame is compact with well-developed muscles.*[7] Males are 35 to 43 cm (14 to 17 in) at the withers. Females are 33 to 41 cm (13 to 16 in). The preferred size is the middle of the range for each sex. Average weight at preferred size is approximately 10 kg (22 lb) for males, 8 kg (18 lb) for females. Bone is moderate. The Shiba is double coated, with the outer coat being stiff and straight and the undercoat soft and thick. Fur is short 1 and even on the fox-like face, ears, and legs. Guard hairs stand off the body are about 4 to 5 cm (1 ⁄2 to 2 in) long at the withers. Tail hair is slightly longer and stands open in a brush. Shibas may be red, black and tan, or sesame (red with black-tipped hairs),*[7] with a cream, buff, or grey undercoat. They may also be white (cream), though this color is considered a “major fault”by the American Kennel Club and should never be intentionally bred in a show dog, as the required markings known as “urajiro”(裏⽩) are not visible; “Urajiro”literally translates to “underside white”.*[2] Conversely, a white (cream) coat is perfectly acceptable according to the British Kennel Club breed standard.*[8] The urajiro (cream to white ventral color) is required in the following areas on all coat colors: on the sides of the muzzle, on the cheeks, inside the ears, on the underjaw and upper throat inside of legs, on the abdomen, around the vent and the ventral side of the tail. On reds: commonly on the throat, forechest, and chest. On blacks and sesames: commonly as a triangular mark on both sides of the forechest.*[9] 130 CHAPTER 27. SHIBA INU

Sesame Shiba Inu

27.2.2 Temperament

Shibas tend to exhibit an independent nature*[7] and sometimes show dog aggression. This is more prevalent between female Shibas and is influenced by the breed's strong prey drive. The Shiba Inu is best in a home without other small dogs or young children, but consistent obedience training and early socialization can make all the difference. The breed also interacts fairly well with cats.*[2] From the Japanese breed standard:

A spirited boldness, a good nature, and an unaffected forthrightness, which together yield dignity and natural beauty. The Shiba has an independent nature and can be reserved toward strangers but is 27.3. HISTORY 131

loyal and affectionate to those who earn his respect. They can be aggressive toward other dogs.

The terms “spirited boldness”(悍威 kan'i), “good nature”(良性 ryōsei), and “artlessness”(素朴 soboku) have subtle interpretations that have been the subject of much commentary.*[10] The Shiba is a relatively fastidious breed and feels the need to maintain itself in a clean state. They can often be seen licking their paws and legs, much like a cat. They generally go out of their way to keep their coats clean. Because of their fastidious and proud nature, Shiba puppies are easy to housebreak and in many cases will housebreak themselves. Having their owner simply place them outside after meal times and naps is generally enough to teach the Shiba the appropriate method of toileting.*[11] A distinguishing characteristic of the breed is the so-called“shiba scream”. When sufficiently provoked or unhappy, the dog will produce a loud, high pitched scream. This can occur when attempting to handle the dog in a way that it deems unacceptable.*[1]*[12]*[13] The animal may also emit a very similar sound during periods of great joy, such as the return of the owner after an extended absence, or the arrival of a favored human guest.

27.3 History

Black and tan Shiba Inu with urajiro

Recent DNA analysis confirms that this Asian spitz-type dog is one of the oldest dog breeds, dating back to the 3rd century BC.*[5]*[14] Originally, the Shiba Inu was bred to hunt and flush small game, such as birds and rabbits. Despite efforts to preserve the breed, the Shiba nearly became extinct during World War II*[7] due to a combination of food shortage and a post-war distemper epidemic.*[1] All subsequent dogs were bred from the only three surviving bloodlines.*[15] These bloodlines were the Shinshu Shiba from Nagano Prefecture, the Mino Shiba from Gifu Prefecture, and the San'in Shiba from Tottori and Shimane Prefectures.*[6] The Shinshu Shibas possessed a solid undercoat, with a dense layer of guard-hairs, and were small and red in color. 132 CHAPTER 27. SHIBA INU

Shiba Inu puppy

The Mino Shibas tended to have thick, prick ears, and possessed a sickle tail, rather than the common curled tail found on most modern Shibas. The San'in Shibas were larger than most modern shibas, and tended to be black, without the common tan and white accents found on modern black-and-tan shibas.*[6] When the study of Japanese dogs was formalized in the early and mid-20th century, these three strains were combined into one overall breed, the Shiba Inu.*[6] The first Japanese breed standard for the Shiba, the Nippo Standard, was published in 1934. In December 1936, the Shiba Inu was recognized as a Natural Monument of Japan through the Cultural Properties Act, largely due to the efforts of Nippo (Nihon Ken Hozonkai), the Association for the Preservation of the Japanese Dog.*[6]*[16] In 1954, an armed service family brought the first Shiba Inu to the United States.*[15] In 1979, the first recorded litter was born in the United States.*[15] The Shiba was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1992 and added to the AKC Non-Sporting Group in 1993.*[1]*[17] It is now primarily kept as a pet both in Japan and abroad.*[18] In the United States, the growing popularity of the Shiba Inu is evident as the American Kennel Club Registration Statistics ranked the breed in 46th place in 2013; a drop from 50th place in 2012.*[19]

27.4 Health

Overall, the Shiba Inu is a healthy dog breed.*[20]*[21]*[22]*[23] Health conditions known to affect this breed are allergies, glaucoma, cataracts, hip dysplasia, entropion, and luxating patella.*[24] Periodic joint examinations are recommended throughout life of the dog but problems are generally discovered early in the dog's life. Eye tests should be performed yearly as eye problems can develop over time. By two years of age, Shiba Inus can be considered fully free from joint problems if none have been discovered by this point, since at this age the skeleton is fully developed. As with any dog, Shibas should be walked or otherwise exercised daily.*[25] 27.4. HEALTH 133

Shiba Inu portrait

27.4.1 Life span

Their average life expectancy is from 12 to 15 years. Exercise, especially daily walks, is preferred for this breed to live a long and healthy life.*[15] The oldest known Shiba, Pusuke, died at age 26 in early December 2011 and was the oldest dog alive at the time.

27.4.2 Grooming

These dogs are very clean, so grooming needs will likely be minimal. A Shiba Inu's coat is coarse; short to medium 1 length with the outer coat being 2.5 to 3.2 cm (1 to 1 ⁄4 in) long; and is naturally waterproof so there is little need for regular bathing. They also have a thick undercoat that can protect them from temperatures well below freezing. However, shedding, also known as blowing coat, can be a nuisance. Shedding is heaviest during the seasonal change 134 CHAPTER 27. SHIBA INU and particularly during the summer season, but daily brushing can temper this problem. It is recommended that owners never shave or cut the coat of Shiba Inu, as the coat is needed to protect them from both cold and hot temperatures.*[26]

• Shiba Inu

• Shiba Inu from profile

• A cream coated Shiba Inu

• Two red with a black and tan Shiba Inus

• A red Shiba Inu

27.5 See also

• Doge (meme)

• Dogecoin, which features a likeness of the breed.

• Japan Kennel Club

• Shiba Inu Puppy Cam

27.6 References

[1] “Dog Owners Guide: Shiba Inu”. Retrieved August 20, 2007.

[2] “Shiba Inu Breed Standard”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved August 20, 2007.

[3] “Japanese Kennel Club Classification”. www.jkc.or.jp. Retrieved July 2014.

[4] “Shiba inu”. www.japanesedog.org. Retrieved July 2014.

[5] Parker, Heidi G.; Kim, Lisa V.; Sutter, Nathan B.; Carlson, Scott; Lorentzen, Travis D.; Malek, Tiffany B.; Johnson, Gary S.; DeFrance, Hawkins B.; Ostrander, Elaine A.; Kruglyak, Leonid (2004-05-21). “Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog” (PDF). Science 304 (5674): 1160–4. doi:10.1126/science.1097406. PMID 15155949.

[6] Haskett, Gretchen; Houser, Susan (1997). The Total Shiba. Loveland, CO: Alpine Publications. ISBN 1-57779-049-9.

[7] “Get to Know the Shiba Inu”, 'The American Kennel Club', retrieved 14 May 2014

[8] “Japanese Shiba Inu Breed Standard”. The Kennel Club Limited. Retrieved November 16, 2012.

[9] “NSCA: Urajiro”. Retrieved August 23, 2007.

[10] Miriam Clews (Ed.). The Japanese Shiba Inu: A detailed study of the Shiba.

[11] “An Introduction to the Shiba Inu (part 2)". Retrieved August 20, 2007.

[12] “Shiba Inu Traits”. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2007.

[13] “The Misanthropic Shiba”. Retrieved August 21, 2007.

[14] Derr, Mark (May 21, 2004). “Collie or Pug? Study Finds the Genetic Code”. The New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2007.

[15] “Shiba Inu Dog Breeds”. Retrieved August 20, 2007.

[16] Atkinson, Maureen (1998). The Complete Shiba Inu. Howell Book House. p. 11. ISBN 0-87605-177-8.

[17] “Get to Know the Shiba Inu”'The American Kennel Club', Accessed 13 May 2014

[18] Holden, Jacey. “Shiba Inus”. Retrieved August 23, 2007. 27.7. EXTERNAL LINKS 135

[19] American Kennel Club 2013 Dog Registration Statistics Historical Comparisons & Notable Trends, The American Kennel Club, Retrieved 14 May 2014

[20] “Shiba Inu”. dogtime.com. Retrieved June 2014.

[21] “The Shiba Inu”. smalldogplace.com. Retrieved June 2014.

[22] “Shiba Inu”. pikimal.com. Retrieved June 2014.

[23] “About the Shiba Inu”. dogs.lovetoknow.com. Retrieved June 2014.

[24] Holden, Jacey. “An Overview of Health Problems in the Shiba Inu”. Retrieved August 20, 2007.

[25] “Get to Know the Shiba Inu”, 'The American Kennel Club', retrieved 13 May 2014

[26] “Shiba Inu Training - Grooming”. Retrieved March 2013.

27.7 External links

• Shiba Inu at DMOZ Chapter 28

Shih Tzu

Not to be confused with Shiatsu.

A shih tzu (English: /ˈʃiːtsuː/; Chinese: 西施犬; pinyin: xīshī quǎn) is a toy dog breed weighing 5–7.25 kilograms (11.0–16.0 lb) with long silky hair. The exact origins of the breed are unknown, but it is thought to have originated in Tibet and then been developed in China although various hypotheses exist.

28.1 Appearance

A Tricolor (black,white and gold) Shih Tzu in show coat.

The Shih Tzu is a sturdy little dog with a short muzzle and large dark eyes. With a soft and long double coat, it stands 1 no more than 26.7 cm (10 ⁄2 in.) at the withers and with an ideal weight of 4.5 to 7.3 kg (10 to 16 lbs). Drop ears are covered with long fur, and the heavily furred tail is carried curled over the back. The coat may be of any color, though white and with blazes of grey are frequently seen. The Shih Tzu is slightly longer than tall, and bigger dogs ideally

136 28.2. TEMPERAMENT 137

should carry themselves “with distinctly arrogant carriage”. A very noticeable feature is the underbite, which is required in the breed standard.*[1] The traditional long silky coat, which reaches the floor, requires daily brushing to avoid tangles. Because of their long coat and fast-growing hair, regular grooming is necessary, which may be costly and should be considered when looking forward to having this dog breed. Often the coat is clipped short to simplify care. For conformation showing, the coat must be left in its natural state, though trimming for neatness around the feet and anus is allowed.The shorter cut is typically called a “puppy cut”.*[2]

28.2 Temperament

Although a Shih Tzu's temperament varies from dog to dog, the breed has a personality and temperament that is loyal, affectionate, outgoing, and alert. Training and proper socializing must start at a young age for the Shih Tzu to obey basic commands, for the Shih Tzu is prone to stubbornness when it comes to training. While the Shih Tzu is an excellent watch dog because of its alert and active nature, it was not specifically bred for this purpose. Unlike the Lhasa Apso, which was bred to be a sentinel dog that enjoys high perches and is wary of strangers, the Shih Tzu prefers to be close to its companions and will often offer strangers its affection. Because of its friendly nature, the Shih Tzu tends to interact well with other dogs and with children and adults. Shih Tzu dogs have been observed to get peevish if provoked, so an owner should be mindful when the dog is in the presence of children. Improper training can also result in nipping and biting. Shih Tzu dogs can also become needy and cry if not properly disciplined at the correct age. Shih Tzu make excellent house pets especially if one lives in an apartment or does not have a large garden as they require minimal exercise. Over all, they are friendly and outgoing companions.The Shih Tzu is also a bit stubborn so be sure to train these dogs at a young age. These dogs are clever as well, so be sure to block out any open space ( holes under decks, fences etc.) they are flexible and once again clever and curious so will try to get under these sort of holes.*[3]

28.3 Coat colours and quality

Main article: Hypoallergenic dog breed The Shih Tzu comes in a range of colours that include various shades of gold, white, brown, and black. Other colours include black mask gold, black and white, solid black, solid liver, liver and white, brindle, white, red and white, and grey and white.*[4] Thus, when two Shih Tzu mate, there is a possibility that their offspring's coat will be similar to the sire's color, dam's color, tricolor, or a mix of both parents' color in one classification. An interesting point (and often a point of confusion) is that while the coat color of those with black pigmented skin (nose, lips, pads, also referred to as “leather”) is determined by the color of the coat itself; the coat color on dogs with either liver or blue pigment is categorized by the color of the pigment. Thus, a parti colored (white and another shade) Shih Tzu with blue pigment is a “blue and white”regardless of the tint of the hair which might very well appear similar to a gold and white or other colors. The same principle applies to solid blue, liver, and liver and white.*[5] Sometimes you might see dark brown pigments near the shoulders and between the armpits. The typical fine, straight, and silky Shih Tzu coat has also been listed by many popular dog information websites as being hypoallergenic. In comparison with many other breeds, Shih Tzu do not shed to the same degree, only losing small amounts when bathed or brushed. It is the dog's dander and saliva that trigger most allergic reactions. Allergists do recognize that, at times, a particular allergy patient will be able to tolerate a particular dog; but they agree that “the luck of the few with their pets cannot be stretched to fit all allergic people and entire breeds of dogs.”The Shih Tzu coat is said to fall out only when brushed or broken, or just said to not shed at all.*[6] The coat may also be wavy or coarse.*[7]

28.4 Etymology

The name comes from the Chinese language word for“lion dog”because this kind of dog was bred to resemble“the lion as depicted in traditional oriental art,”*[8] such as the Chinese guardian lions. (The Pekingese breed is also called “lion dog”in Chinese.) “Shih Tzu”is the Wade-Giles romanization of the Chinese characters 獅⼦, meaning lion; Wade-Giles romanization was in use when the breed was first introduced in America; but, in modern times, Pinyin romanization is used, rendering it shīzi. The Mandarin Chinese pronunciation is approximately SHIRR-dzə. The Shih Tzu is also known as the “Xi Shi dog”because Xi Shi was regarded as one of the most beautiful women of ancient 138 CHAPTER 28. SHIH TZU

Two red and white haired Shih Tzu littermates.

China.*[9] Shih Tzu were nicknamed the Chrysanthemum Dog in England in the 1930s.*[10] The dog may also be called the Tibetan Lion Dog; but whether the breed should be referred to as “Tibetan”or “Chinese”is a source of argument, the absolute answer to which “may never be known”.*[11]*[12]

28.5 History

DNA analysis placed the ancestors of today's Shih Tzu breed in the group of “ancient”breeds indicating “close genetic relationship to wolves”.*[13] Another branch coming down from the“Kitchen Midden Dog”gave rise to the Papillon and Long-haired Chihuahua and yet another“Kitchen Midden Dog”branch to the Pug and Shih Tzu. It is also said that the breed originated in China, hence the name“Lion Dog”, in 800 B.C. There are various theories of the origins of today's breed. Theories relate that it stemmed from a cross between Pekingese and a Tibetan dog called the Lhasa Apso.*[14] Dogs during ancient times were selectively bred and seen in Chinese paintings. The dogs were favorites of the Chinese royals and so prized that, for years, the Chinese refused to sell, trade, or give any away. The first dogs of the breed were imported into Europe (England and Norway) in 1930 and were classified by the Kennel Club as “Apsos”.*[14] The first European standard for the breed was written in England in 1935 by the Shih Tzu Club,*[15] and the dogs were recategorised as Shih Tzu. The breed spread throughout Europe, and was brought to the United States after World War II, when returning members of the U.S. military brought back dogs from Europe, in the mid 1950s. The Shih Tzu was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1969 in the Toy Group.*[14] The breed is now recognized by all of the major kennel clubs in the English-speaking world.*[1] It is also recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale for international competition in Companion and Toy Dog Group, Section 5, Tibetan breeds.*[1] In the United States, the Shih Tzu ranked the 15th most popular breed in 2013, falling slightly in popularity since 2012, when it was placed in 11th position.*[16] 28.6. HEALTH 139

A female Shih Tzu at around 18 months of age.

28.6 Health

A number of health issues, some of them hereditary, have been found in individual Shih Tzu, and are listed below. 140 CHAPTER 28. SHIH TZU

A Tricolor Shih Tzu with a black nose and grey ear tips.

28.6.1 Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland malfunctions and stops producing a hormone responsible for proper metabolism. This malfunction is commonly attributed to immune system problems. It usually affects middle-aged dogs and is seen in all breeds. Symptoms include hair loss, weight gain, muscle loss, and lethargy. This disease is usually diagnosed through blood tests. It can be effectively treated with drug therapy.

28.6.2 Intervertebral Disk Disease

Intervertebral Disk Disease in the dog is a common chondrodystrophic disorder manifested by acute back pain, loss of coordination, paresis, and loss of the ability to feel deep pain sensations. IVDD commonly occurs in certain toy breeds, such as Dachshund, Pekingese, French Bulldog, Beagle, Basset Hound, American Cocker spaniel, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, and Welsh Corgi.

28.6.3 Breathing problems

Shih Tzu have a number of respiratory problems related to the shape of their face and head. Brachycephalic syndrome is a common problem and mostly affects dogs with short noses (brachycephalic breeds). An obstruction in the upper airways causes the dog to have laboured breathing. Not every brachycephalic dog will develop respiratory problems, but most will to some degree. Severe problems may require surgery. 28.7. VARIATIONS 141

A solid white Shih Tzu with a black head and ears

28.6.4 Health issues

Some health issues in the breed are portosystemic shunt of the liver and hip dysplasia in standard sizes. There have been cases of Shih Tzu being epileptic, which in turn may lead to shortening of the life span of the shih tzu if untreated. Many Shih Tzu dogs are also prone to ear infections and need their ears to be cleaned often.*[17] Also note that Shih Tzu may be more prone than other breeds to get a blood disease called Anemia, which causes their immune system to attack itself and kill off their blood cells. This can be found through blood tests but among the signs are: yellowing of the skin/gums, tiredness, loss of appetite, and awful balance that occurs over two days.*[18]

28.6.5 Life span

The UK Kennel Club survey puts the median life span of a Shih Tzu at 13 years and 2 months, with most living between 10–16 years.*[19]

28.7 Variations

28.7.1 Kennel club differences

There is a difference between the American Kennel Club and the Kennel Club (UK) ShihTzu:

The AKC (American Kennel Club) Shih-Tzu

• Their front legs (forequarters) are straight. Their hindquarters are muscular. Neither should be too short nor too long. 142 CHAPTER 28. SHIH TZU

Chinese guardian lion at Mount Emei

• The standard head is big and round and is set high with face looking forward or up.

• The neck and body are the most important and should not be exaggerated.*[20]

• The eyes are large and face the front.

• The shoulders of the American type of Shih-Tzu are frontal.*[21] 28.8. REFERENCES 143

Shih Tzu puppy

28.8 References

[1] Federation Cynologique Internationale Breed Standard

[2] “United Kennel Club: Shih Tzu”. United Kennel Club. 2007-05-01. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

[3] Shih Tzu Training Information including Shih Tzu Potty Training and Obedience

[4] “Shih Tzu Colors | American Shih Tzu Club”. americanshihtzuclub.org. Retrieved 2010-05-16.

[5] “Coat Colors”. Retrieved 2010-05-16.

[6] Top 10 Dog Breeds that Don't Shed

[7] http://www.purebredpups.org/breed_info/134/shih_tzu.aspx

[8] Shih Tzu, by Jaime J. Sucher, pg 5, Barron's Educational Series, 2000, ISBN 0-7641-1043-8

[9] Steve Allison. “Shih Tzu”. FindOutAboutDogBreeds.com. Retrieved 2007-11-07.

[10] Shih Tzu For Dummies, by Eve Adamson, pg 257, For Dummies, Publisher, 2007, ISBN 0-470-08945-8 quote: “Lady Brownrigg, who brought the first Shih Tzu into England, coined the phrase Chrysanthemum Dog.”

[11] Shih Tzu For Dummies, by Eve Adamson, pg 27, For Dummies, Publisher, 2007, ISBN 0-470-08945-8 quote: "...dogs related to the modern-day Shih Tzu probably came from Tibet, but how long they were there and how much influence they had on the present day Shih Tzu may never be known.”The author then says “dog historians tend to have very strong opinions.”It is often mistakenly said that the Shih Tzu is Chinese royalty.

[12] See also Lhasa apso

[13] Derr, MARK (May 21, 2004).“Collie or Pug? Study Finds the Genetic Code”. New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-07.

[14] Clark, Anne Rogers; Andrew H. Brace (1995). The International Encyclopedia of Dogs. Howell Book House. pp. 416– 417. ISBN 0-87605-624-9. 144 CHAPTER 28. SHIH TZU

A cream coloured Shih Tzu

Shih Tzu puppy

[15] The Shih Tzu, by Audrey Dadds, pg 29, Howell Book House, 1975, ISBN 0-87605-309-6 28.9. EXTERNAL LINKS 145

[16] American Kennel Club 2013 Dog Registration Statistics Historical Comparisons & Notable Trends, The American Kennel Club, Retrieved 30 April 2014

[17] “All About Shih Tzu”. Shih Tzu Fanciers of Southern CA. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

[18] New Boston Creative Group. “Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia, Canine”. Clinton Parkway Animal Hospital, Veterinary Health Services. Retrieved 18 April 2015.

[19] “2004 Purebred Dog Health Survey” (PDF). KC/BSAVA. Retrieved 6 August 2010.

[20] “The Illustrated Guide To The Shi- Tzu Standard | American Shih Tzu Club”. americanshihtzuclub.org. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

[21] American Kennel Club Breed Standard

28.9 External links

• Shih Tzu at DMOZ Chapter 29

Shikoku (dog)

The Shikoku (四国⽝ Shikoku-inu, alternative names: Kochi-ken, Mikawa Inu, Japanese Wolfdog) is a native, primitive Japanese breed of dog from Shikoku island that is similar to a Shiba Inu. The Shikoku is not a recognized breed of the American Kennel Club, but it is recognized by the Japan Kennel Club, an organization recognized by AKC as an official foreign registry*[1] (AKC recognizes the Shiba Inu, however). The Shikoku is also in the Canadian Kennel Club Hound group and the United Kennel Club, awaiting full recognition. In 1937 the Japanese Crown recognized the Shikoku dog as a living “natural monument”of Japan.*[2]

29.1 Comparison to other Japanese breeds

The Shikoku is one of the native Japanese breeds intermediate in size between the large Akita Inu and the small Shiba Inu; all are within the Spitz family of dogs. The Shikoku was bred mainly for hunting deer and boar in the mountainous districts of Kochi Prefecture. It is sometimes called“Kochi-ken”and, along with the Kai dog, referred to as a deerhound. A study of the 1930s carried out by the Japanese cynologist*[3] Haruo Isogai classified all native Japanese dog breeds into three categories: large-, medium-, and small-sized. The Shikoku belongs to the Shika-inus, the medium- sized dogs. Other medium-sized dogs are the Kai Ken, the Ainu and the Kishu Inu. They are all very similar with overlapping colors and only minor differences in size and morphology.

29.2 Characteristics and temperament

It is cautious and brave with good judgment. It is also loyal to its master. It has sharper features than most Japanese dogs and is sometimes allowed to chase wild boar so it will maintain its nature. Shikoku dogs are tough and sufficiently agile to run through a mountainous region. They are the ideal companion for active outdoor people. They are very energetic and active outside but they are calm and quiet indoors. The Shikoku is a very intelligent dog and a quick learner. They are not as stubborn and independent as the other native Japanese breeds, but still it is not a dog for every person. The Shikoku stands 17–21 inches (43–53 cm) high and comes in sesame (red, black), black and tan (nonstandard color), or cream (nonstandard color). These colors consist usually of a light brown, a light red-brown, or a light black- brown. In addition, there is a cream colored coat that tends to be very rare. In all of these colors there is usually a mixture of white found around the underside of the body, near the eyes, snout, and legs. The Shikoku tends to shed its coat at least one to two times a year. The dog has a fairly thick coat with pointed ears and a curved tail. The body conformation is typically of the spitz-type: the square body, the wedge-shaped head, the prick triangular ears, and feathered curled tail. The Shikoku dog is somewhat unique in its appearance. It looks similar to an Alaskan Husky dog physically, but differs in its size and color. The Shikoku Inu ranges from thirty to fifty-five pounds (male; approximately 20 inches tall; female; approximately 18.5 inches tall). This dog would be considered medium-sized.

146 29.3. VARIETIES 147

29.3 Varieties

Three varieties of this breed have been identified: the Awa, the Hongawa, and the Hata all named after the area where they were bred on the island of Shikoku. The Hongawa breeding area being the most remote and least accessible, the dogs of the Hongawa line maintained the highest degree of purity and was considered the best type. 148 CHAPTER 29. SHIKOKU (DOG)

29.4 Health

With a life span of ten to twelve years or so, Shikoku need to be properly taken care of, like every other dog. Health is a big part of the Shikoku's life, because dogs such as these suffer from common illnesses when not given the proper things to eat, or not getting enough time outside. Common illnesses in the Shikoku can appear in the bones, joints, ears, muscles, and nerves. Disease also occurs from things such as trauma and infection. Other more serious issues relate to heart, lung, digestive, and urinary problems.

29.5 In popular culture

The anime-only characters of the series Ginga Legend Weed Ryo, Ryu, Heita, and Hanji (four dogs shown aiding Jerome) may be Shikoku. The series is by Yoshihiro Takahashi.

29.6 See also

• Honshū Wolf

29.7 References

[1] “Pet Publishing - Online Pet Media”. Pet Publishing.

[2] http://www.fci.be/uploaded_files/319gb99_en.doc

[3] Haruo Isogai was a dog breeder who worked up a classification system for Japanese dogs based on appearance, as a na- tionalist response to the adoption by dog enthusiasts in Japan of European breeds in the 1930s. ( in Dutch) ( in German) There is no evidence that he had any relevant scientific training or even that he ever called himself a “cynologist”.

29.8 External links

• First Shikoku Dog • Shikoku Canada

• Shikoku Dog Website

• Shikoku Inu @ The Canine Information Library • North American Shikoku Club (NASC) Chapter 30

Shiloh Shepherd Dog

The Shiloh Shepherd is a rare breed of dog that is still under development. They are not recognized by any major kennel club, but may be shown in rare breed organizations. Shiloh Shepherds are larger and have a straighter back than most modern German Shepherd Dogs;*[1] they are bred for intelligence, size, and stable temperaments. Their coats can be a variety of colors and color mixes. They compete in obedience, agility and herding events and work as therapy dogs, search and rescue dogs, livestock guardians and service assistance.

30.1 Characteristics

30.1.1 Appearance

According to the breed standard, the Shiloh Shepherd should have a regal bearing that shows intelligence and strength. The balance between elegance and strength is the key to their distinct appearance and fluid movement. Their larger size should not impede their movement or grace. The head should be broad and slightly domed with a gradually tapering muzzle; bite alignment is important since either an over or undershot bite is a disqualifying fault. Muzzles and lips should be black; though pink has been seen, it is a fault. Ears should be firm, triangular and well cupped; they are carried erect when at attention. Their eyes are always a shade of dark to light brown; no other eye colors are bred. Their broad and muscular backs should be straight with a gradual slope from the withers that complements their full chest. Tails should be long, plush and slightly curved; they may show a more pronounced curve when the dog is excited or exercising but should never be a ring or a hook shape.*[2]

Size standards

The Shiloh Shepherd is powerfully built and well-balanced and should have a proud carriage and smooth, effortless gait. The male Shiloh stands 30 inches (76 cm) or more in height with a minimum of 28 inches (71 cm); he weighs 120 to 140 pounds (54–65 kg) with a minimum of 110 pounds (50.5 kg). The female is smaller, standing 28 inches (71 cm) or more in height with a minimum of 26 inches (66 cm) and weighing 100 to 120 pounds (45-54.5 kg) with a minimum of 80 pounds (36 kg). With their even proportions, Shilohs should appear longer than they are tall.*[2] They are bigger than German Shepherd Dogs.

Coat types

Shilohs come in two distinct coat varieties: the smooth or double coat and the plush coat. The smooth coat should be of medium length and lie close to the body; the hair at the neck and on the back of the fore and hind legs may be longer and thicker than other areas. The outer coat will be dense, straight, and harsh. The plush coat is longer, with a soft undercoat and a distinctive“mane”which extends to the chest. The body coat should not be over 5 inches (12.5 cm) long but will have feathering inside the ears and behind the legs which should not be over 3 inches (7.5 cm) long.

149 150 CHAPTER 30. SHILOH SHEPHERD DOG

The smooth coat is easier to groom, though the plush coat may shed less. For show purposes, the tufts that grow between the toes and pads must be trimmed. Coats that are open, wooly or curly are serious faults.*[2]

Coat colors

Shilohs come in a wide range of coat colors. They may be bi or dual colored in black with tan, golden tan, reddish tan, silver, or sable. They can also be solid golden, silver, red, dark brown, dark grey, or black sable. Solid black and solid white are possible, but for show purposes, the nose, lips, and eye rims must be solid black. Blue and liver colors are possible but not bred for since they are disqualifying faults.*[3] Shilohs may have a small white blaze on the chest or white on the toes, but white in any other area is a fault. To meet the standard, this should blend in with the lighter color of their coat. Pale, washed-out colours are discouraged.*[2]

Movement and gait

The Shiloh's gait is smooth and rhythmic. Their long strides and flowing motion require good muscular development. Even while in a flying trot, the straightness of their back should be maintained. The full trot is steady and level, without swaying or rolling. To help keep their balance, their feet are brought in toward their middle line when running. Forward reach of the dog should be as long as possible, ideally extending past the nose, giving the Shiloh the impression of “flying”. Faults in movement or carriage are serious.*[2]

30.1.2 Temperament

Bred as companions, Shilohs have loyal and outgoing personalities. They were developed to be gentle and loving, able to work with animals and children, while still possessing a trainable drive for working applications, such as assistive service, obedience, or herding. With proper socialization they adapt easily to a variety of environments and are stable. Extreme aggression or shyness is severely penalized in the breed standard.*[2]

30.2 Health

Shilohs have an average life span of 9–14 years, on par with the German Shepherd Dog breed. As with other large/giant breed dogs, Shilohs may experience problems with bloat and torsion. Small intestine bac- terial overgrowth syndrome has also been reported and can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain and difficulty absorbing nutrients from food. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is another health concern although manageable with digestive enzyme supplementation. Each condition is serious and should be treated immediately by a veterinarian.*[4] *[5] Shilohs are susceptible to hip dysplasia and other skeletal disorders. An exhaustive and detailed genetic breeding program has greatly reduced the incidence of hip and elbow dysplasia. *[6] Panosteitis may occur during a Shiloh's growth stages.*[7]

30.3 Titling and competition

Using their speed and balance, Shilohs perform agility related activities with ease. However, due to slower bone growth they should not perform strenuous obstacles or jumping until they reach maturity. Shilohs have herding instincts that make them excellent partners in the arena. Shilohs have been recognized by the American Herding Breed Association (AHBA) since 2004.*[8] The AHBA's preliminary test for Herding Instinct is used to determine if a Shiloh has the instincts and interest for herding.*[9] Shilohs have been trained as search and rescue dogs. In March 2007, a Shiloh named Gandalf received national media attention after finding a Boy Scout lost in the mountains of North Carolina.*[10] Shilohs' gentleness and calm temperament allow them to be a part of therapy work.*[11] Their intelligence and willingness to please make them highly suitable for work as assistance dogs. They respond quickly to training and retain the capacity to make independent decisions when situations change. They are frequent recipients of the AKCs 30.3. TITLING AND COMPETITION 151

Child with Shiloh Shepherd Dog

"Canine Good Citizen" Award and have been awarded the Companion Dog title, the Companion Dog Excellent title, the Utility Dog title and been certified as Reading Education Assistance Dogs.*[12]*[13] Shilohs are easy to handle and even children can be successful in the show ring. Currently Shilohs can be shown in the American Rare Breed Association, the International All Breed Canine Association, Rarities, Inc., the Rare Breed Club of South Western Ontario, the National Kennel Club Inc. and the National Canine Association as well as special shows by two Shiloh dog clubs and an annual Homecoming held by the breed founder. 152 CHAPTER 30. SHILOH SHEPHERD DOG

30.4 History

German Shepherd Dog used as Foundation stock, circa 1978

The Shiloh Shepherd was developed by Tina M. Barber of Shiloh Shepherds (kennel) in New York, United States. In 1974, she began developing a new line of German Shepherd Dog. Her goal was to preserve the type of dog she remembered from her childhood in Germany: dogs that are good family companions, exceptionally intelligent, both physically and mentally sound, and large in size.*[14]*[15] Tina separated her foundation stock from the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1990, and the FIC (Federation of International Canines) agreed to register these dogs as a separate breed. FIC is not to be confused with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale – World Canine Organization (FCI). The name chosen for these dogs was“Shiloh Shep- herd”after the kennel of origin. Shortly thereafter, the Shiloh Shepherd Dog Club of America, Inc. (SSDCA, Inc.) was formed to preserve and protect the future welfare of the breed. In 1991, the International Shiloh Shepherd Registry (ISSR) was established and took over registry functions from the FIC.*[14]*[15] In 1993, The Complete Computer Place (TCCP), using a specially designed database program, officially started maintaining breeding records. This program tracked nine generations of pedigree and LMX (Littermate X-Ray Program) data and computerized all the older paper files. The ISSR used this program to document vital data on each Shiloh Shepherd in its registry. Tina Barber was active in the development of the breed as the President of the SSDCA, Inc. and Breed Warden for the ISSR.*[15]*[16] Tina Barber died at the age of 63 on May 30, 2011 in Warsaw, New York.*[17] Lisa Barber (daughter) has assumed the role of Breed Warden and Registrar of the ISSR since the death of her mother. In 1997, during a period when the SSDCA was inactive, The International Shiloh Shepherd Dog Club (ISSDC) was opened. In 1998, the ISSDC opened their own registry, calling it the ISSDCr. The Shiloh Shepherd Breed 30.5. REFERENCES 153

Association (SSBA) was opened shortly after and assumed registry functions for the ISSDCr. The National Shiloh Breed Registry (NSBR) was established in 2001 and The Shiloh Shepherd Registry (TSSR) in 2002. In 2004, the ISSDC was reorganized as a parent club for the NSBR, the SSBA, and the TSSR. In June 2009, the SSBA was closed.*[15]*[18]*[19]*[20] There are significant differences of opinion between the founding club and registry and subsequently established clubs and registries as to how best serve the breed.*[21]*[22]

30.5 References

[1] Source? [2] Barber, Tina M. (1990). “Shiloh Shepherd Breed Standard”. [3] TSSR (2003). “Shiloh Coat Color Guide” (PDF). [4] Lanting, Fred (2003). “Gastrointestinal Disorders in the GSD and Several Other Breeds”. [5] Marvistavet. “Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency”. [6] “OFA Hip Dysplasia Statistics”. [7] Padgett, George A., DVM (2002). Genetic Diseases and Estimated Carrier Frequency of the Shiloh Shepherd. [8] ISSDC, Inc. (January 2006). “The First “FAB FIVE”Herding Team ̶Marti and Tuck”. [9] ISSDC, Inc. (2006). “ISSDC Dogs at Work”. [10] Franken, Bob and Fiegel, Eric. “Father: Lost Scout had planned to hitchhike home”. CNN. [11] Linder King, Straja (October 2005). “Tangus Hero Award”. Spiritual Directions. [12] ISSDC, Inc. (November 2005). ""Nicki”, and the Reading Education Assistance Dog (R.E.A.D.) Program”. [13] Harrison, Audrey (June 2006). “Versatility Triumphs!". ISSDC, Inc. [14] Barber, Tina M. (1993). “The Origins of the Shiloh Shepherd In Word & Picture”. [15] Barber, Tina M (April 1, 2006). The Shiloh Shepherd Story....Against the Wind ̶A Breed Is Born. Mid-Atlantic Highlands. ISBN 978-0-9771978-2-8. [16] Barber, Tina M. (1982). “Practical Genetics”. German Shepherd Quarterly. [17] http://www.robinsonandhackemer.com/index.php/obituaries/christina_m._barber [18] SSDCA, Inc. (March 2004). “The Original Shiloh Shepherd ̶A Rare Breed Dog, Revision 6” (PDF). [19] Wendy Fullerton (1997). “Early History of the Shiloh Shepherd Dog Club of America”. SSDCA, Inc. [20] Setterlund, Gloria (2004). “Why are we here?". ISSDC, Inc. [21] Tina Barber (1999). “Why are There Two Shiloh Shepherd Registries and Two Breed Clubs?". SSDCA, Inc. [22] ISSDC, Inc. (2008). “The Other Side of the Shiloh Shepherd Story”.

30.6 External links

• ISSR Inc. (2003) Photographic Guide to Color Conformation • About Shiloh Shepherds - Your Guide to Shiloh Shepherds

30.6.1 Registries

• International Shiloh Shepherd Registry, Inc. (ISSR) (Illustrated Breed Standard) • National Shiloh Breeders Registry (NSBR) (Breed Standard) • The Shiloh Shepherd Registry (TSSR) 154 CHAPTER 30. SHILOH SHEPHERD DOG

30.6.2 Clubs

• Shiloh Shepherd Dog Club of America (SSDCA) • International Shiloh Shepherd Dog Club (ISSDC) (Breed Standard)

30.6.3 Rescue

• Shiloh Rehome Center • International Shiloh Shepherd Dog Club Rescue

• Shiloh Rescue Network Chapter 31

Siberian Husky

The Siberian Husky (Russian: сибирский хаски, “Sibirsky hasky”) is a medium size, dense-coat working dog breed that originated in north-eastern Siberia.*[2] The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family.*[3] It is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings. Huskies are a very active, energetic, and resilient breed whose ancestors came from the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic. Siberian Huskies were bred by the Chukchi of Northeastern Asia to pull heavy loads long distances through difficult conditions. The dogs were imported into Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush and later spread into the United States and Canada. They were initially sent to Alaska and Canada as sled dogs but rapidly acquired the status of family pets and show dogs.

31.1 History

The Siberian Husky, Samoyed, and Alaskan Malamute are all breeds directly descended from the original sled dog, which 2004 DNA analysis confirms is one of the oldest breeds of dog.*[4]*[5] It is thought that the term “husky” is a corruption of the nickname “Esky”once applied to the Eskimo and subsequently to their dogs.*[6] Breeds descending from the Eskimo dog or Qimmiq *[7] were once found throughout the Northern Hemisphere from Siberia to Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Labrador, and Baffin Island.*[8] With the help of Siberian Huskies, entire tribes of people were able not only to survive, but to push forth into terra incognita. Admiral Robert Peary of the United States Navy was aided by this breed during his expeditions in search of the North Pole.*[8] Dogs from the Anadyr River and surrounding regions were imported into Alaska from 1908 (and for the next two decades) during the gold rush for use as sled dogs, especially in the “All-Alaska Sweepstakes,”*[2] a 408-mile (657-km) distance dog sled race from Nome, to Candle, and back. Smaller, faster and more enduring than the 100- to 120-pound (45- to 54-kg) freighting dogs then in general use, they immediately dominated the Nome Sweepstakes. Leonhard Seppala, the foremost breeder of Siberian Huskies of the time, participated in competitions from 1909 to the mid-1920s.*[8] On February 3, 1925, Gunnar Kaasen was first in the 1925 serum run to Nome to deliver diphtheria serum from Nenana, over 600 miles to Nome. This was a group effort by several sled-dog teams and mushers, with the longest (91 miles or 146 km) and most dangerous segment of the run covered by Leonhard Seppala. The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race commemorates this famous delivery. The event is also loosely depicted in the 1995 animated film Balto, as the name of Gunnar Kaasen's lead dog in his sled team was Balto, although unlike the real dog, Balto the character was portrayed as half wolf in the film. In honor of this lead dog, a bronze statue was erected at Central Park in New York City. The plaque upon it is inscribed,

Dedicated to the indomitable spirit of the sled dogs that relayed antitoxin six hundred miles over rough ice, across treacherous waters, through Arctic blizzards from Nenana to the relief of stricken Nome in the winter of 1925. Endurance · Fidelity · Intelligence*[8]

In 1930, exportation of the dogs from Siberia was halted.*[9] The same year saw recognition of the Siberian Husky by the American Kennel Club.*[2] Nine years later, the breed was first registered in Canada. The United Kennel Club

155 156 CHAPTER 31. SIBERIAN HUSKY

A Siberian Husky with brown almond shaped eyes.

recognized the breed in 1938 as the “Arctic Husky,”changing the name to Siberian Husky in 1991.*[10] Seppala owned a kennel in Nenana before moving to New England, where he became partners with Elizabeth Ricker. The two co-owned the Poland Springs kennel and began to race and exhibit their dogs all over the Northeast. As the breed was beginning to come to prominence, in 1933 Navy Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd brought about 50 Siberian Huskies with him on an expedition in which he hoped to journey around the 16,000-mile coast of Antarctica. Many of the dogs were trained at Chinook Kennels in New Hampshire. Called Operation Highjump, the historic trek proved the worth of the Siberian Husky due to its compact size and greater speeds.*[8] Siberian Huskies also served in the United States Army's Arctic Search and Rescue Unit of the Air Transport Command during World War II.*[11] Their popularity was sustained into the 21st century. They were ranked 16th among American Kennel Club registrants in 2012,*[12] rising to 14th place in 2013.*[13] The original sled dogs bred and kept by the Chukchi were thought to have gone extinct, but Benedict Allen, writing for Geographical magazine in 2006 after visiting the region, reported their survival. His description of the breeding 31.2. DESCRIPTION 157

Gunnar Kaasen and Balto. practiced by the Chukchi mentions selection for obedience, endurance, amiable disposition, and sizing that enabled families to support them without undue difficulty.*[14]

31.2 Description 158 CHAPTER 31. SIBERIAN HUSKY

A sable Siberian Husky.

31.2.1 Coat

A Siberian Husky's coat is thicker than that of most other dog breeds,*[15] comprising two layers: a dense undercoat and a longer topcoat of short, straight guard hairs.*[2] It protects the dogs effectively against harsh Arctic winters, but the coat also reflects heat in the summer. It is able to withstand temperatures as low as −50 to −60 °C (−58 to −76 °F). The undercoat is often absent during shedding. Their thick coats require weekly grooming.*[15] Siberian Huskies come in a variety of colours and patterns, usually with white paws and legs, facial markings, and tail tip. The most common coats are black and white, then less common copper-red and white, grey and white, pure white, and the rare "agouti" coat, though many individuals have blondish or piebald spotting. Striking masks, spectacles, and other facial markings occur in wide variety. Merle coat patterns are not allowed. The American Kennel Club allows all coat colors from black to pure white.*[2]

31.2.2 Eyes

The American Kennel Club describes the Siberian Husky's eyes as “an almond shape, moderately spaced and set slightly obliquely.” The AKC breed standard is that eyes may be brown or blue; one of each or parti-colored are acceptable: (complete is heterochromia), and “parti-colored,”that is, half brown and half blue: (partial heterochromia). These eye-color combinations are considered acceptable by the American Kennel Club.*[16] The parti-color does not affect the vision of the dog.

31.2.3 Nose

Show-quality dogs are preferred to have neither pointed nor square noses. The nose is black in gray dogs, tan in black dogs, liver in copper-colored dogs, and may be light tan in white dogs. In some instances, Siberian Huskies can exhibit what is called “snow nose”or “winter nose.”This condition is called hypopigmentation in animals. “Snow nose”is acceptable in the show ring.*[15]*[17] 31.2. DESCRIPTION 159

A red/white colored Siberian Husky with heterochromia.

31.2.4 Tail

Siberian Husky tails are heavily furred; these dogs will often curl up with their tails over faces and noses in order to provide additional warmth. As pictured, when curled up to sleep the Siberian Husky will cover its nose for warmth, often referred to as the“Siberian Swirl”. The tail should be expressive, held low when the dog is relaxed, and curved upward in a “sickle”shape when excited or interested in something. It should be symmetrical, and not curved or deviated to the side; the tail can curl enough to touch the back.*[15]

31.2.5 Size

The breed standard indicates that the males of the breed are ideally between 21 and 23.5 inches (53 and 60 cm) tall at the withers and weighing between 45 and 60 pounds (20 and 27 kg). Females are smaller, growing to between 20 to 22 inches (51 to 56 cm) tall at the withers and weighing between 35 to 50 pounds (16 to 23 kg).*[15]

31.2.6 Behavior

The Husky has been described as a behavioral representative of the domestic dog's forebearer, the wolf, exhibiting a wide range of its ancestors' behavior.*[18] They are known to howl rather than bark.*[19] Behavioral issues include a tendency to roam and to make escape attempts - they have been described as escape artists; which can include digging under, chewing through, or even jumping over fences.*[1]*[20]*[21] The ASPCA classifies the breed as good with children. It states they exhibit high energy indoors, have special exercise needs, may pursue cats, and may be destructive “without proper care.”*[1] A 6 ft (1.83 m) fence is recommended for this breed as a pet, although some have been known to overcome fences as high as 8 ft (2.44 m).*[21] Electric pet fencing may not be effective.*[21] They need the frequent companionship of people and other dogs, and their need to feel a part of a pack is very strong.*[9] 160 CHAPTER 31. SIBERIAN HUSKY

Siberian Husky with two blue eyes.

A fifteen-minute daily obedience training class has been shown to serve well for Siberian Huskies.*[22] Siberians need consistent training and do well with a positive reinforcement training program. They rank 45th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of average working/obedience intelligence. They tend to run because they were at first bred to be sled dogs. They were historically bred to be working and companion animals by the Chukchi people, and should always be gentle in nature. The Chukchi people use Siberian huskies to look after their children.*[23]

31.3 Health

A 1999 ASPCA publication gives the average life span of the Siberian Husky as 12 to 14 years.*[1] Health issues in the breed are mainly genetic, such as seizures and defects of the eye (juvenile cataracts, corneal dystrophy, canine glaucoma and progressive retinal atrophy) and congenital laryngeal paralysis.*[24] Hip dysplasia is not often found in this breed; however, as with many medium or larger-sized canines, it can occur.*[25] The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals currently has the Siberian Husky ranked 155th out of a possible 160 breeds at risk for hip dysplasia, with only two percent of tested Siberian Huskies showing dysplasia.*[26] Siberian Huskies used for sled racing may also be prone to other ailments, such as gastric disease,*[27] bronchitis or bronchopulmonary ailments ("ski asthma"),*[28] and gastric erosions or ulcerations.*[29] Modern Siberian Huskies registered in the US are largely the descendants of the 1930 Siberia imports and of Leonhard Seppalaʼs dogs, particularly Togo.*[30] The limited number of registered foundational dogs has led to some discussion about their vulnerability to the founder effect.*[31]

31.4 Famous Siberians

Siberians gained in popularity with the story of the “Great Race of Mercy,”the 1925 serum run to Nome, which made dogs Balto and Togo famous. Though Balto is the more famous of the two, and was the dog to deliver the serum 31.4. FAMOUS SIBERIANS 161

A Siberian Husky warming its nose with its tail.

to Nome after running the final 53-mile leg, it was Togo who made the longest run of the relay, guiding his musher Leonhard Seppala on a 91-mile journey that included crossing the deadly Norton Sound to Golovin. A bronze statue of Balto that has been displayed in New York Cityʼs Central Park since 1925 is one of its enduringly popular features.*[32] Several purebred Siberian Huskies portrayed Diefenbaker, the“half-wolf”companion to RCMP Constable Benton Fraser, in the CBS/Alliance Atlantis TV series Due South.*[33] 162 CHAPTER 31. SIBERIAN HUSKY

Balto in New York City's Central Park

In 1960, the US Army undertook a project to construct an under the ice facility for defense and space research, Camp Century, part of Project Iceworm involved a 150+ crew who also brought with them an unofficial mascot, a Siberian Husky named Mukluk.*[34] Siberian Huskies are the mascots of the athletic teams of several schools and colleges, including: Northern Illi- nois University (Northern Illinois Huskies),*[35] the University of Connecticut (Connecticut Huskies, Jonathan), the Michigan Technological University (Michigan Tech Huskies, Blizzard) and University of Washington (Washington 31.5. SEE ALSO 163

Huskies, Harry).

31.5 See also

• Alaskan Husky

• Alaskan Malamute

• Canadian Eskimo Dog

• Greenland dog

• Laika (dog breed)

• Alaskan Klee Kai

31.6 References

[1] Sheldon L. Gerstenfeld (1 September 1999). ASPCA Complete Guide to Dogs. Chronicle Books. p. 190. ISBN 978-0- 8118-1904-6.

[2] “Get to Know the Siberian Husky”, 'The American Kennel Club', Retrieved 29 May 2014

[3] Elaine A. Ostrander; Anatoly Ruvinsky (2012). The Genetics of the Dog. CABI. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-84593-940-3.

[4] Derr, Mark (May 21, 2004).“Collie or Pug? Study Finds the Genetic Code”. The New York Times. Retrieved September 6, 2012.

[5] Parker et al. 2004 Science 304:1160-4

[6] “The Siberian Husky”. Siberian Husky Club of America. Retrieved August 27, 2010.

[7] Bryan D. Cummins, 2002. First Nations, first dogs. Detselig Enterprises Ltd., Calgary, AB. p. 82-97

[8] Pisano, Beverly (1995). Siberian Huskies. TFH Publication. ISBN 0-7938-1052-3.

[9] DK Publishing (1 October 2013). The Dog Encyclopedia. DK Publishing. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-4654-2116-6.

[10] “Siberian Husky - Official Breed Standard”. United Kennel Club. Retrieved 2013-10-22.

[11] “American Kennel Club - Siberian Husky History”. Akc.org. Retrieved February 2, 2009.

[12] “AKC Dog Registration Statistics”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 2013-10-23.

[13] American Kennel Club 2013 Dog Registration Statistics Historical Comparisons & Notable Trends, The American Kennel Club, Retrieved 30 April 2014

[14] “An iceman's best friend”. Geographical (magazine). December 2006. Retrieved 2013-11-19.

[15] “AKC Meet The Breeds: Siberian Husky”. AKC.org. Retrieved 2011-08-21.

[16] “American Kennel Club:Official Standard of the Siberian Husky” (PDF). American Kennel Club. Retrieved 24 May 2015.

[17] “Common Husky Questions - Siberian Husky Club of Great Britain - Huskies UK”. Siberianhuskyclub.com. Retrieved February 2, 2009.

[18] Hollander, Eric; Dan J. Stein (1997). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Diagnosis, Etiology, Treatment. New York: Dekker. pp. 109–110. ISBN 0-8247-9856-2.

[19] “Siberian husky (breed of dog) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia”. Britannica.com. Retrieved February 2, 2009.

[20] Lisa Duffy-Korpics (2009). Tales from a Dog Catcher. Globe Pequot. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-7627-5770-1.

[21] Diane Morgan (16 March 2011). Siberian Huskies For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-1-118- 05366-9. 164 CHAPTER 31. SIBERIAN HUSKY

[22] Childs, Nathan B. (2004). Shaping the Wolf Within Your Dog. Victoria, BC, Canada: Trafford Publishing. p. 146. ISBN 1-4120-1213-9.

[23] Long, Lori (May 1, 2007). Wayne Hunthausen, D.V.M, ed. The Siberian Husky. TFH Publications. ISBN 0-7938-3647-6.

[24] Monnet, Eric (2009). “Larageal paralysis” (PDF). AAHA/OVMA Toronto 2011 Proceedings. AAHA/OVMA Toronto 2011. March 24–27, 2011. Toronto, Canada. American Animal Hospital Association. pp. 443–445. Retrieved October 15, 2012.

[25] “Your Siberian Husky: Its Hips and Its Eyes”. Siberian Husky Club of America. Retrieved September 15, 2009.

[26] “OFA: Hip Dysplasia Statistics”. Offa.org. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2009.

[27] “Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Journal Information”. Jvetintmed.org. Retrieved February 2, 2009.

[28] “Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs as a Model of “Ski Asthma”- Davis et al. 166 (6): 878 - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine”. Ajrccm.atsjournals.org. doi:10.1164/rccm.200112-142BC. Retrieved February 2, 2009.

[29] “Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Journal Information”. Jvetintmed.org. Retrieved February 2, 2009.

[30] Gay Salisbury; Laney Salisbury (17 February 2005). The Cruelest Miles: The Heroic Story of Dogs and Men in a Race Against an Epidemic. W. W. Norton. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-393-07621-9.

[31] Alan H. Goodman; Deborah Heath; M. Susan Lindee (2003). Genetic Nature/culture: Anthropology and Science Beyond the Two-culture Divide. University of California Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-520-23793-3.

[32] “Central Park – Balto”. New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved 2014-11-18.

[33] Ken Beck (1 April 2002). The Encyclopedia of TV Pets: A Complete History of Television's Greatest Animal Stars. Thomas Nelson Inc. pp. 44–46. ISBN 978-1-4185-5737-9.

[34] “Proceedings - Did You Know - Camp Century”. U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved 2014-04-02.

[35] “About Mission”. Northern Illinois University Alumni Association. Retrieved 2014-05-01.

31.7 External links

• Siberian Husky at DMOZ Chapter 32

Silken Windhound

The Silken Windhound is a rare American breed of dog, a member of the sighthound family.

32.1 Description

32.1.1 Appearance

A Silken Windhound, pictured next to the larger-sized Borzoi.

The Silken Windhound is a graceful, small to medium-sized sighthound with a moderately long silky coat. This breed owes its unique appearance, elegant build, and the athleticism of a true coursing dog to champion Borzoi and Whippet

165 166 CHAPTER 32. SILKEN WINDHOUND ancestors. The Silken Windhound can be any combination of coat colors and markings, from spotted to solid, black and tan, saddled, brindle and sable, pure white and reds to deep black and blues, and a rainbow of colors in between.

32.1.2 Temperament

A black and white Silken.

Silken Windhounds are as comfortable in the sporting fields as they are on the couch at home with their humans. They are generally affectionate and playful, and make ideal family companions and good playmates for gentle children. They are unsuited as guard dogs due to their trusting and friendly nature. Like all sighthounds, Silkens excel in racing or lure coursing but have also proven to be intelligent and responsive enough to also enjoy less typical sighthound activities. They are successful in agility, therapy, flyball and obedience. They do well with smaller household pets indoors if socialized to them properly, but their sighthound nature means that any small, fast running animals in the field may be chased.

32.2 Training

The Silken Windhound is a gentle, intelligent breed, they train easily and most effectively using reward and affection based training in short, positive sessions. Using positive training methods, Silkens will work eagerly and form strong relationships with their owners. Harsher training based on corrections do not work well with this breed, and will often create a fearful Silken rather than an obedient one. Like many in the sighthound family, most Silken Windhounds can slip out of a standard buckle collar, and the collar most often used with these hounds is a martingale dog collar, or a semi-slip collar.

32.3 Health

With proper care, many Silken Windhounds will live into their late teens, with some living until they are 17 to 20. Bone and joint ailments like hip dysplasia are generally not a problem, nor is bloat. Some dogs in this breed are 32.4. HISTORY 167

sensitive to Ivermectin and related drugs; a simple test is now available to find out if a dog carries a defective MDR1 (multi-drug resistance) gene.*[1] Responsible breeders are working to eliminate this faulty gene from the breeding pool. There have been some cases of cryptorchidism, umbilical hernia, and lotus syndrome, as well as deafness and cataracts in geriatric dogs. Thanks to the efforts of the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Silken Windhounds are going to be the first dog breed to have their genome mapped.*[2]

32.4 History

The Silken Windhound was created by Francie Stull, a successful breeder of top show and performance American Kennel Club (AKC) Borzoi and Deerhound who utilized her decades of experience with AKC hounds in the formation of this breed, combining the best aspects of some of the top performance Borzoi and Whippet bloodlines in the Americas. The first Silken Windhound litter was whelped in 1987 and the breed club was formed in 1999. In early 2011, The Silken Windhound was recognized by the United Kennel Club. Silken Windhounds now are located all over the US, Canada, and Europe. Silken Windhounds were bred to be a small to medium-sized sighthound. Like other members of their group, they hunt by sight, and can course game in open areas at high speeds.

32.5 Event Venues

In addition to specialty shows held worldwide, in the US, the Silken Windhounds are registered with the United Kennel Club and are shown and participate in a variety of performance sports there. Silken Windhounds are also welcome to show in the rare breed show venues NAKC, IABCA, and NCA, competing as part of the Hound groups. 168 CHAPTER 32. SILKEN WINDHOUND

Breed founder Francie Stull showing off a Silken.

In Slovenia, the Silken Windhound is an accepted part of the Slovenian Kennel Club, member of the FCI, and also participates in the Hound group. Silken Windhounds are also able to participate in sighthound performance sports, and in addition to competing alongside other sighthounds in Finnish lure coursing and straight racing events, the ISWS has established a straight racing program, and an oval track racing program that enable Silkens to compete and win points towards performance titles. In late 2009, Silken Windhounds were accepted as a Limited Stakes breed in ASFA American Sighthound Field Association. Over forty dogs competed in ASFA limited stakes in their first month of acceptance. In late 2010, Silken Windhounds were accepted as a breed in NOFCA, the National Open Field Coursing Association and can participate in open field events.

32.6 See also

• Borzoi

• Whippet 32.6. SEE ALSO 169

A “straight race.” 170 CHAPTER 32. SILKEN WINDHOUND

32.7 References

[1] “Multidrug Sensitivity (e.g. ivermectin)". Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved 2008- 04-11.

[2] “Canine Genetic Heritage Projects”. UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-04-11.

32.8 External links

• Silken Windhound Breed Club

• Breed Standard • Finnish Silken Windhound Club

• Swedish Silken Windhound Club • California Silken Windhound Breed Club

• United Kennel Club • UC Davis Silken Windhound research project

• North American Kennel Club • International All Breed Canine Association

• National Canine Association

• International Silken Windhound Racing Association • American Sighthound Field Association Chapter 33

Sinhala Hound

The Sinhala Hound or Sinhalese Hound is a breed of dog from Sri Lanka, and parts of India. The skeletal remains of dogs from Nilgala cave and from Bellanbandi Palassa, dating from the Mesolithic era, about 4500 BC, suggest that Balangoda Man may have kept domestic dogs for driving game. The Sinhala Hound is similar in appearance to the Kadar Dog, the New Guinea singing dog and the Dingo. It has been suggested that these could all derive from a common domestic stock.*[1] The Vedda people used the breed for hunting, and it was prized after the bow and arrow, so much so that the dogs were given away with daughters on their marriage.*[2]

33.1 See also

• Pariah dog • Indian pariah dog

33.2 Notes

[1] Deraniyagala, Siran (1992), p. 454

[2] Deraniyagala, Siran (1992), p. 383

33.3 References

• Deraniyagala, Siran (1992). The Prehistory of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Department of Archaeological Survey. ISBN 955-9159-00-3.

171 Chapter 34

Skye Terrier

For other uses, see Skye (disambiguation).

The Skye Terrier is a breed of dog that is a long, low, hardy terrier and “one of the most endangered native dog breeds in the United Kingdom" according to The Kennel Club.

34.1 Appearance

Skye terriers

172 34.2. UPKEEP 173

34.1.1 Coat

The Skye is double coated, with a short, soft undercoat and a hard, straight topcoat. The shorter hair of the head veils the forehead and eyes, forming a moderate beard. The ears are generally well feathered and, in prick-eared examples, the hair normally falls like a fringe, accenting the form, and blending with the side locks.

34.1.2 Colour

Fawn, blue, dark or light grey, blonde, and black with black points (ears and muzzle) all occur. They may have any self colour, allowing for some shading of same colour on the body and a lighter undercoat, so long as the nose and ears are black. There is generally no further patterning on the body, but a small white spot on the chest is relatively common.

34.1.3 Types

Except for the shape and size of the ears, there is no significant difference nor preference given between the prick- and drop-eared types. When prick, they are medium-sized, carried high on the skull and angled slightly outwards.

34.2 Upkeep

Skye Terrier, light grey coat

The Skye Terrier is a hunting dog and enjoys a daily outing, exploring in a safe area. It also needs a short to moderate walk with its owner to stay in shape. The Skye enjoys life as a housedog, and prefers not to live outdoors. So, owners should not keep them outdoors as their natural habitats. Regular combing (about twice a week) is all that is needed to keep the Skye looking well and detangled. Many owners think that an occasional bath will soften the coat, as is often the case with other terriers, but that is not the case. An occasional bath will not soften the coat too much. Owners must pay attention to the area around their eyes and mouth, this may need frequent cleaning.*[1] 174 CHAPTER 34. SKYE TERRIER

34.3 Health

If a Skye is exercised too often, too young, especially before 8 months, they can damage their bone growth, leading to a painful limp and possibly badly bowed legs. Jumping up and down from objects, climbing over objects, running, even long walks, are all things to be avoided for the first 8 to 10 months to prevent later problems and allow for correct closure of the growth plate. Degenerative disc disease is also a common problem in short-legged dogs; as many as 10% of Skyes will suffer from it. Mammary cancer is the leading cause of Skye Terrier deaths, with hemangiosarcomas (a malignant tumour of the blood vessels), autoimmune disease, and hyperthyroidism*[2] as other concerns of the breed.

34.4 History

Scotland has long been a stronghold of small plucky terriers, and the Skye Terrier is among the oldest of them. They developed along the west coastal area, where they hunted fox and otter from among the rocky cairns. The purest of these dogs were found on the Isle of Skye, and the dogs were then named Skye Terriers. Skye Terriers were first described in the sixteenth century, when it was already noteworthy for its long coat. Some confusion exists in tracing its history because, for a certain time, several different breeds had the same name “Skye Terrier”. The loyal dog, present under the petticoat of Mary, Queen of Scots at her execution, has been ascribed as a Skye Terrier. In 1840, Queen Victoria made the breed fancy, keeping both drop-(floppy) and prick-(upwards) eared dogs. This highly increased its popularity in many of the high societies and among commoners, which are very high class. Soon enough, the Skye Terrier came to America because of its extreme popularity throughout its country and some others. The AKC recognized the breed in 1887, and it quickly rose to the show scene position. Even though this was a strong start and the breed's great appearance, its popularity has dropped. Now it is among one of the least known terriers. Many people are unaware of this breed's old popularity because it is not famous now.*[3] 34.5. UNDER THREAT 175

A statue of Greyfriars Bobby, a famously loyal Skye Terrier

34.5 Under threat

There are concerns that the breed is under threat of extinction with only 30 born in the UK in 2005.*[4] It is today the most endangered of the Vulnerable Native Breeds of that country, and within 40 years the breed may disappear completely.*[5]

34.6 See also

• List of domesticated Scottish breeds

34.7 References

[1] Coile, Caroline (2005). “The Terrier Group”. Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds (second edition) (2 ed.). p. 350. ISBN 0-7641-5700-0.

[2] Disorders by breed, Skye Terrier, University of Sydney, retrieved 24 September 2014

[3] Coile, Caroline (2005). “The Terrier Group”. Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds (second edition) (2 ed.). p. 352. ISBN 0-7641-5700-0.

[4] Savill, Richard (5 July 2006), “Skye Seven raise hope for breed's survival”, Daily Telegraph

[5] Elliott, Valerie (12 June 2006), “Fight is on to save dogs that fell out of fashion”, The Times 176 CHAPTER 34. SKYE TERRIER

34.8 External links

• Skye Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 35

Sloughi

The Sloughi /ˈsluːɡi/*[1] is a North African breed of dog, specifically a member of the sighthound family. It is found mainly in Morocco, which is responsible for the standard, and can be found in smaller numbers elsewhere in North Africa.*[2] Sloughis are likely closely related to the Azawakh, but not to the Saluki .

35.1 Description

35.1.1 Appearance

The Sloughi belongs to the Sighthound family. In appearance, it is a short-haired, middle-sized, strong sighthound with drooping ears. Its expression is often described to be melancholy. Its muscular system is “dry”, that is, the Sloughi has flat and long muscles, which must not be as brawny as those of Greyhounds or Whippets, even when in excellent physical condition. Its back is nearly horizontal (the lumbar region must be slightly vaulted). It has a moderate angulation and a tucked up underline. The Sloughi's eyes are ideally dark brown, though sometimes of amber colour. Its coat colour varies from light-sand, to red-sand, red- or mahogany with or without brindling, black mantle, black mask, black ears. According to the standard, a Sloughi may only have a small white patch on its chest. Extensive white markings and parti-colored coats are not allowed. The Sloughi's gait is feather-light, with a moderate and energy-efficient stride. The Sloughi's general view is compact and strong; it may not be too dainty.

35.1.2 Temperament

It is of a sensitive nature yet is an alert and intelligent hound. It is said that Sloughis have a mighty longing for moving and that is not easy to keep them in flats with families; however, a Sloughi does not need more exercise than other dogs of similar size. It loves variety, walking on the leash, romping in the countryside, and racing. A Sloughi is faithful to his owner and it needs him close by. Sloughis are easy to bring up and to train, if you know how to do it. Because the Sloughi is somewhat sensitive, its training should not be oppressive, and any punishment should be omitted. What it likes is a friendly confirmation of its behaviour.

35.2 Health

The Sloughi is largely unchanged from ancient times, and so retains a robust genetic health. Only a few genetic conditions have been noted in the breed, in particular Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). Fortunately the Sloughi is one of the breeds in whom this condition can be tested for with a small blood sample, and breeders are working to eliminate PRA from the gene pool. Like all sighthounds, the Sloughi is very sensitive to anesthesia, and can be sensitive to vaccines, worming, and other medications - so these routine treatments should be spaced apart instead of given all at once. Otherwise the breed tends to enjoy excellent health into old age.

177 178 CHAPTER 35. SLOUGHI

Dark-colored Sloughi

35.3 History

The Sloughi's origin is mostly a matter of speculation. It is thought that Sloughis originally came from the Orient or from what is today Ethiopia (the tributes to the Pharaohs included smooth Lop-eared Sighthounds from Nubia, south of Egypt). The Sloughi is one of the two African Sighthound breeds recognized by the FCI. On old fragments of earthenware (about 3000 B.C.), a short-haired sighthound with lop ears was discovered that looks like a Sloughi. Today, the Sloughi is found mainly in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Morocco is responsible for the breed's FCI Standard. It is not to be confused with the smooth Saluki of the Arabian peninsula and the Middle East, which is a variety of the Saluki breed. It is also not to be confused with the smooth Afghan Hound, which is a variety of the Afghan Hound. The Sloughi was and is still used for hunting in its native countries, and is also a reliable guarding dog.

35.4 Notes

[1] “Sloughi”. Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. 1997–2008. Retrieved 2008-12-05.

[2] FCI entry for “Sloughi”

35.5 References

• Sloughi: The Arabian Sighthound,1996, by Ermine Moreau-Sipiere, Alet Publishing.

•“Sloughi”, 2004, by Dr. M.-D Crapon de Caprona, Kennel Club books

•“The Sloughi 1852-1952”2008, by Dr. M.-D. Crapon de Caprona, Signature printing. 35.6. EXTERNAL LINKS 179

Arabian Greyhound circa 1915

35.6 External links

• Preserving the Sloughi

• Association for the Support of North African Sloughis • Sloughi World (including 'Preserving the Sloughi site')

• American Sloughi Association • Sloughi in Europe

• Sloughi Rescue • The Sloughi Fanciers Association of America

• Sloughi Pedigree Database Chapter 36

Slovak Cuvac

The Slovak Cuvac is a Slovak breed of dog, bred for use as a livestock guard dog. This mountain dog̶also known as Slovensky Cuvac, Slovak Chuvach, Tatransky Cuvac and Slovensky Kuvac̶is closely related to the Hungarian Kuvasz. The alternate German and English spelling Tchouvatch reflects the pronunciation: chew-votch. The breed is recognised under sponsorship from Slovakia by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale with the name Slovenský čuvač.*[1] Despite the multiple renderings in English, these refer to only one breed. The United Kennel Club in the US uses the English version of the name Slovak Cuvac.

36.1 History

Slovak sheep farming has a very old tradition. The Slovak Cuvac, together with mountain sheep, the Hucul horse, and typical inhabitants of the mountains, formed the fundamental economic preconditions for the utilization of pastures for cattle. The inhabitants of the Slovak mountains were mostly free people who defended the frontiers and paid duties in sheep's cheese. The institution of these people was called “Valassky Opasok”and its center, until the abolition of serfdom, was Košice. The members of this shepherd military system did their service on mountain meadows with their companions - the hearty white dog called the Slovak Cuvac. A good watchdog, guard, shepherd and companion, the dog proved itself also in watching cattle, turkeys, and other domestic animals - as well as its master's household. Holiday makers and visitors to the mountains and spas took to this breed and began to carry it to the lowlands.The Slovensky Cuvac is used on sheep farms and mountain ridges as well as homes and frontiers. He is boundlessly loyal and stout hearted. He resists every enemy - bears and wolves included. According to the time honored shepherd's tradition, he is always bred in white to be discernible from the beasts of the night. This breed has been well documented as far back as the 17th century. However, as wolves slowly began to disappear from European mountains and modern herding practices were instituted, the Cuvac was faced with the prospect of being seen as a relic of the past. What few specimens were left in the 1950s were bred carelessly. Credit for reviving the breed and fixing characteristics is due Dr. Antonin Hruza, in cooperation with the veterinary school of Brno. The registered breeding of the Slovensky Cuvac was established in Czechoslovakia by Professor Antonin Hruza from the Veterinary Faculty in Brno on June 4, 1929. The Club of the Breeders of Slovak Cuvac was established in 1933 and a written standard was established and approved in 1964 Dr. V. Kurz). The basic breeding material came from the vicinity of Liptovska Luzna, Kokava and Vychodna as well as from Rachov in the Carpathians.

36.2 Description

The body of Slovak Cuvac is slightly longer than higher. Strong and straight ridge goes - way to lower back - a little bit sloped. Strong square butt is slightly sloped, too. The low-placed tail is worn hanging, reaching hock joints. Chest reaching to elbow joint and chest's width can compared to circa one quarter of scapula's height. Ribs are well rounded and achieving long back. Belly and flanks are slightly pulled. Long scapulas are slant laid. The Slovak Cuvac has straight legs placed vertically to his body and well angled. The front paws are compact, rounded. The back paws are a little bit longer. The neck is as long as head.

180 36.3. CARE 181

The wide and elongated skull is a little bit arched, but the top of the head is flat. With side view are straight line of top of the head and straight line of nose's ridge parallel. The stop is well apparent. The supra-orbital arcs are marked, the frontal groove is flat. The wide and heavy mouth is slightly narrowed to top of the nose and is a little bit shorter than the skull. The lips fit tightly. The ears are placed high, reclined and fitted tightly to the head. The ear points are rounded. The eyes are oval shaped with caps fitting closely, straight placed at the head. The Cuvac has scissors occlusion. The fur is dense and rich, centre parting at the ridge is not allowed. Covering hair, which is constituted by hair with 5-15 cm length, completely covers the shorter, dense and soft undercoat. Male dogs have collar around the neck. The fur is pure white. A yellowish tinge by ears is permissible, but not desirable. The eyes are brown. Muzzle, lips edges and eyelids, like the paw pads, are black.

36.2.1 Appearance

The breed is an animal of imposing stature. It has a large head, half of which is taken up by the nasal canal. It has strong jaws, with a scissors bite. The oval-shaped eyes are dark and lively. The ears are long and hanging while carried on the sides of the head. The tail is thickly furred, and it hangs down when the dog is at rest. The coat is completely white, and the hair can be as much as 4 inches (10 cm) long.

36.2.2 Height and weight

The height for males can be as much as 28 inches (70 cm), while females at the most are 26 inches (65 cm) in height. The weight for males ranges 77 to 99 pounds and the weight for females is 66 to 88 pounds.

36.2.3 Temperament

The dog is known for its hardy constitution, sturdy frame and shaggy white coat. Its frame is massive, and his temperament is naturally lively, watchful, undaunted and alert. These dogs thrive best in an environment of a large family, children and livestock to care for. Farms and ranches make the best homes. These dogs are natural guard dogs. They are gentle and loyal with their family and possessions.

36.3 Care

Regular grooming keeps the white coat clean and attractive, and furniture free of white“mohair”. The annual shed of dense underwool requires vigorous brushing and bathing sessions in the Spring.

36.4 References

[1] FCI-Standard nr. 142: Slovenský čuvač

Simon and Schuster's Guide to Dogs

36.5 External links Chapter 37

Slovak Rough-haired Pointer

The Slovak Rough-haired Pointer is a recently recognized gundog breed developed after World War II in Slovakia. It is known by many confusingly similar names in English, including:

• Slovak Wirehaired Pointer*[1]

• Slovak Pointing Griffon*[1]

• Slovak Wirehaired Pointing Griffon *[2]

• Slovak Wirehaired Pointing Dog*[3]

Despite the nearly identical names, the SRHP is not the same as the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, a smaller but similar breed with a slightly longer coat developed for essentially the same purposes by the Dutch and now most common in France. In the original Slovak, the SRHP breed is known as the

• Slovensky Hrubosrsty Stavac (Ohar)*[1]*[3]

• Slovenský Ohař Hrubosrstý *[4]

In other languages, this breed is referred to as the

• Griffon d'arret Slovaque a Poil Dur

• Slowakischer Rauhbart

• Grifon de Muestra Eslovaco de Pelo Duro

At one point, the Slovaks who developed the breed asked the Weimaraner Club of Germany to recognize this dog under the name Rough-haired Weimaraner, but the request was rejected.*[1]

37.1 Origin

The breed was established by crossing German Wirehaired Pointers, Weimaraners, and the Cesky Fousek (also known as the Bohemian Wirehaired Pointing Griffon). The SRHP breed has had slight input from the German Wirehaired Pointer and Pudelpointer as well.*[1] The developer, Koloman Slimak, wanted a dog with great stamina which would track, point, retrieve in water or land, and be suitable for a range of prey from birds, hares and other small animals, and large game up to the size of deer.*[1] The breed was accepted by the FCI in 1985*[1] or 1995*[3] and categorized as a Continental Pointing Dog of the braque type. It is not yet recognized by the AKC in the U.S.

182 37.2. APPEARANCE 183

First introduced into the United Kingdom in 1997,*[5] they were featured in a “meet the breed”segment of the 2007 broadcast of the famed Crufts dog show in Britain.*[6] The breed is also recognized by the North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association and the Malaysian Kennel Association.*[7]

37.2 Appearance

With a body type much like the three breeds from which its foundation stock was derived, the SRHP has an intelligent, alert expression and a “rough”or “broken”coat, with harsh, wiry hair and whiskers (“facial furnishings”or, informally,“moustaches”) like those of the German Wirehaired Pointer or the Cesky Fousek. The coat is of moderate length in any shade between a tweedy gray-brown and the classic pewter-silver coat of the Weimeraner. The eyes may range from the deep amber of the German Wirehaired Pointer to the light shades seen in the Weimaraner. The FCI has developed a detailed standard which states the eyes of juveniles may be “azure”but those of adults must be amber. White is permitted on the chest and feet. Lighter and darker shades of gray are permitted throughout the coat, even to the point of speckling. The FCI standard further requires a dark nose, eyelids, and pads of the feet; a scissors bite; and a moderately sloped stop of about 45°. Per the FCI standard, the tail is docked at 50% of natural length, and the dewclaws are removed. The back is straight, and the height at the withers ought to be from 62–68 cm (24–27 in) for males and from 57–64 cm (22–25 in) for bitches. The FCI standard also states that “the ratio of length of the body to the height at the withers must be of 10:9 in the males and of 10:8 in the females.”*[2]

37.3 References

[1] Slovak Rough Haired Pointer history. Accessed May 28, 2007.

[2] FCI Group 7 Breed Listing. Accessed May 28, 2007.

[3] FCI Pointing Dog Group Accessed May 28, 2007.

[4] Griffon Accessed May 28, 2007.

[5] Slovak Rough Haired Pointer photographs Accessed May 28, 2007.

[6] Dog Shows and Competitions: Crufts Dog Show 2007 May 28, 2007 on Animal Planet cable channel in the U.S.

[7] List of MKA-Recognized Breeds Accessed May 28, 2007.

37.4 See also

• Griffon

• Pointing breed • Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Chapter 38

Slovenský kopov

The Slovenský kopov (translated into English as Slovakian Hound) is a medium-sized breed of hunting dog of the scenthound type. The breed originated in Slovakia, in Central Europe, and is bred for boar hunting. The name Black Forest Hound seems to have been created in North America for marketing purposes, since the breed has no connection with the Black Forest.

38.1 Appearance

The Slovenský kopov or Slovakian Hound is a typical hunting hound in appearance, with a muscular body, long legs, a long tail, and long drop ears. The short coat is always black in colour, with tan markings (black and tan). Dogs should be around 16 kg (35 lbs) in weight and 46 cm (18 ins) at the withers, with bitches somewhat smaller. Ideal size is described in the breed standard to discourage the breeding of overly large or excessively small dogs. Other measurements for the ideal hound are given in the Standard, in order to preserve breed type.*[1] The breed is more heavily built than the similarly marked American Black and Tan Coonhound, but is more lightly built than the otherwise similar Ogar Polski, the more strongly built hound from Poland. The eyes are always dark, deep-set, and have a look of livliness and courage.

38.2 Temperament

Though known to be independent, it is intelligent, and is easy to train. Also, it is blessed with a good sense of direction.

38.3 History and use

A well known type of hunting dog since antiquity, today's breed was first recognised in the 1870s. The breeds of Brandlbracke (Austrian Black and Tan Hound), Chart Polski, and Magyar Agar (Hungarian Greyhound) are believed to have been used in the breed's background. The etymology of the name seems to refer to the dog's colour. The breed club was established in Bratislava in 1988. The Slovenský kopov was s developed and is used as a hunting dog, not a pet or showdog. It is bred for hunting large game, especially wild boar. Although extremely common in its area of origin, it is rarely seen in other countries.*[2] The Slovenský kopov is similar to other east European scenthounds in appearance and hunting style.

38.4 Recognition

The breed is recognised in its country of origin with the name Slovenský kopov, and is listed for international dog sports competition with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale under that name as breed number 244, in Group 6, Scenthounds and Related Breeds, Section 1.2 Medium-sized Hounds. Exported to North America, the breed is

184 38.5. SEE ALSO 185

Boar and Slovenský kopov, for size comparison

recognised under the English translation of its name, Slovakian Hound, by the United Kennel Club in the United States. The breed also may be registered under a variety of translations of the name, or created English names such as Black Forest Hound,*[3] with minor kennel clubs, hunting clubs, and internet dog registry businesses, and promoted as a rare breed for those seeking an unusual hunting dog or a unique pet.

38.5 See also

• Hound • Scenthound

38.6 References

[1] Slovakian Hound breed standard

[2] Clark, Anne Rogers; Andrew H. Brace (1995). The International Encyclopedia of Dogs. Howell Book House. p. 425. ISBN 0-87605-624-9. Lay summary.

[3] DigitalDog, Slovakian Hound

38.7 External links

• Search The Open Directory Project (DMOZ) links for clubs and information about the Slovenský kopov Chapter 39

Smaland Hound

The Smaland Hound (Swedish: Smålandsstövare) is a breed of dog that originated in Sweden in the 16th century. Thought to be the oldest scent hound breed native to Sweden, it was first recognized by the Swedish Kennel Club in 1921. They are the smallest of the Swedish hound breeds, and have black and tan markings similar to the Rottweiler. Internationally, it is recognized by a number of kennel clubs and registries including the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and United Kennel Club. It is considered rare, even in its native Sweden where only around sixty puppies are registered each year.

39.1 History

The breed has existed in Sweden since the 16th century.*[1] The name originated from the breed's links with Småland in southern Sweden. During the time of the Swedish Empire a number of wars were fought, with soldiers returning to their native country bringing a variety of hound breeds with them.*[2] These hounds were bred with local spitz type dogs, and the offspring became the foundation stock of the modern Smålandsstövare.*[1] Farmers in Sweden preferred an all around hunting dog as they could often only afford to feed a single hunting dog,*[2] and so the breed became adept at hunting a number of quarry including hares, squirrels and foxes as well as birds and larger game such as moose. During this initial period the Smålandsstövare came in a variety of colors, sizes and lengths of tail with selective breeding not being put into practice until the 19th century.*[1] At the first dog show held in Sweden, in 1889, 444 dogs were entered, of which 189 were hound type dogs, including a number of Smålandsstövares.*[3] In the early 20th century, breeders worked to restore the breed to the old type, with a naturally occurring short tail.*[4] The breed was first recognized by the Swedish Kennel Club in 1921,*[2] the same year that the first breed standard was drawn up.*[1] The first of the breed to be registered was Skoj av Myren 789 V, owned by Mary Stephens from the Torne valley.*[3] At the time of the first standard, both long and short tails were allowed under the regulations.*[4] Baron Frederik von Essen is responsible for breeding short tailed Smålandsstövares, which was to become a trait of the entire breed after they were initially developed in Jönköping County.*[1] The most recent standard was drawn up in 1952, around the same time as other dogs of a similar type were used to inject new blood into the breed. This was the most recent time that dogs with an unknown background were allowed to be registered as a Smålandsstövare.*[4] Currently on average around sixty puppies a year are registered with the Swedish Kennel Club,*[2] and the breed is therefore considered rare. They are not normally seen outside of Sweden.*[1] Outside of Sweden, it is recognized by the American Rare Breed Association,*[5] Continental Kennel Club,*[6] and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.*[4] The United Kennel Club recognized the breed as the Smaland Hound in 2006.*[7]

39.2 Description

Often confused with the Rottweiler breed due to common coat coloring, the Smålandsstövare is the oldest scent hound breed native to Sweden.*[1] They have a medium length top coat with a shorter, dense undercoat; longer hair grows on the fringed tail and thighs. The most common coloring of the breed is a mostly black coat with tan markings,

186 39.3. TEMPERAMENT 187 although the markings can range in color from shades of amber to a reddish brown.*[1] They have a tough, robust body which is compact and almost square in shape. It is the smallest of the Swedish hounds,*[8] on average they measure between 16–21 inches (41–53 cm) at the withers with males being slightly larger than females. Average weight is around 33–44 pounds (15–20 kg) for both genders.*[1] The Smålandsstövare has a natural bobtail due to this being specifically bred into the breed, and a typical member of the breed should be well muscled in proportion throughout.*[1] The facial features include wide nostrils on a black nose, the jaw closes in a scissors bite and the eyes are typically dark brown. The skull itself is lean with a well defined stop. The ears have rounded tips, and are set fairly high on the skull, hanging flat down the sides.*[1]

39.3 Temperament

A popular Swedish hunting dog, members of the breed can form strong attachments to their master; but are also seen as household pets due to their gentle and protective nature.*[1] In hunting, they are used to drive the quarry for the hunter.*[8] They are a highly intelligent breed, and require a high level of exercise. They therefore are not best suited to living in a small apartment. Smålandsstövare are wary of strangers and can be territorial, but this can also make a Smålandsstövare a good watchdog.*[1] Participation in field trials for Smålandsstövares are becoming increasingly common.*[3] They remain active up until around twelve years old.*[8]

39.4 Health

The Swedish breed club for the Smålandsstövare commissioned genetic tests on a number of dogs between 1994 and 2008. The tests showed that there were no specific health issues unique to the breed, nor any major generic issues. They recommended that where rare health issues present themselves, that the dog involved should not be bred from in order to prevent that health issue from spreading through the breed.*[9] They have an average life expectancy of twelve to fifteen years.*[1]

39.5 References

[1] “Smålandsstövare Information”. Sarah's Dogs. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

[2] “Sveriges hundraser” (PDF). Svenska Kennelklubben. Retrieved 20 May 2011.

[3] “Historik över Smålandsstövaren” (in Swedish). Svenska Smålandsstövareföreningan. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

[4] “Smålandsstövare” (DOC). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

[5] “Smålandsstövare”. American Rare Breed Association. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

[6] “Smalandsstovare”. Continental Kennel Club. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

[7] “Smaland Hound (Revised July 1, 2009)". United Kennel Club. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

[8] “Smålandsstövare” (in Swedish). Svenska Jagareforbundet. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

[9] “Avel med smålandsstövare åren 1994 - 2008” (DOC) (in Swedish). Svenska Smålandsstövareföreningan. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

39.6 External links Chapter 40

Small Greek Domestic Dog

Kokoni (Greek: Κοκόνι) is the name used for the ancient Greek small domestic dog breed. They are widely found in Greece, have traditionally been more common in urban areas and were a popular companion of Greeks for centuries. Quite fearless for their size, they are quite territorial and possessive of their owners. The Small Greek Domestic dogs are ideal companions, extremely expressive, highly perceptive and they sigh and use their eyes like humans. They insist in sleeping in bed with the owners. They are adept hunters of small game and birds. This lovely breed still retains some of its working abilities and can be a good alarm dog and small animals herder. A large number of images on ancient friezes, pottery and amphorae show this ancient breed as a companion to women and children.

40.1 History and etymology

The name probably derives from the word “Kokona”which is another word for daughter in modern Greek. In past times the daughter's life was mostly in and around the house, so the Kokoni dog was the “daughter's dog”or the “dog for the house”, unlike the hunting dogs or the livestock guardian dogs. In some places in Greece the word Kokoni is used for any dog incapable of serious working duties (e.g. if a livestock guardian dog shows signs of fear, the shepherd calls it “kokoni”). In other places in Greece the word Kokoni is used for any small dog.

40.2 Appearance

This breed of dog is of a medium size ranging from approximately 4-8 kilos. They have dropped ears, short snout, long body, with long curved tail. This breed also comes in a large array of colors and combinations of colors, such as black and tan, blonde, cream, and white. They are not yet recognized by the FCI. They are often confused with the Longhaired Dachshund or a Cocker Spaniel mix. Their legs are longer than a Dachshund's which raises their belly and chest much more off the ground. The average height is around 28 centimeters.

40.2.1 Coat

The coat of the Small Greek Domestic Dog is of three lengths, of very good quality, and is easy to groom. Sometimes, it is slightly wavy, but it should always feel silky. The coat is rich, dense and weatherproof.

40.2.2 Tail

The sickle-shaped tail of the Small Greek Domestic Dog is usually long. The dog holds its tail up high, and has an elegant curve. It is always in motion, showing the dog's joy. The coat of this dog forms a brush under its tail.

188 40.3. TEMPERAMENT 189

A black and tan Small Greek Companion Dog.

40.2.3 Eyes

This breed of dog has large eyes which vary in shape from round to more of an almond shape. They are bright, intelligent, and are not deep-set. The color goes with the color of the coat, but they will never be transparent or blue.

40.2.4 Muzzle, nose and jaws

The muzzle “tapers easily to the nose”, and the topline is level. The nose of the Small Greek Domestic Dog has well-opened nostrils. It is not too large compared to the muzzle, and it is moist, flat, and level on the front surface. The Small Greek Domestic Dog has strong jaws with scissor-bite teeth.

40.3 Temperament

The Small Greek Domestic Dog has an even temper and gentle disposition. They are lively, cheerful, amiable and not generally aggressive or timid. They enjoy company, and although they may initially be standoffish with strangers, they are easily won over. They are very intelligent and are easily trained and famously devoted to their owners. They are very loving and protective. They have a loud, strong bark for their size though they do not bark much.

40.3.1 Health

This is a deep-chested, sturdy and agile breed, capable of great speeds and valued for its stamina. The breed has good longevity and lives into their late teens. Major health issues are unknown. 190 CHAPTER 40. SMALL GREEK DOMESTIC DOG

40.4 In popular culture

The blonde dog known as “Satchel”in the 2005 movie Bewitched with Nicole Kidman and Will Ferrell is a Small Greek Domestic Dog.

40.5 References

40.6 External links

• http://www.koe.gr/ellinikesfiles_kokoni.htm The Kennel Club of Greece's breed standard Chapter 41

Irish Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier

The Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier (Irish: An Brocaire Buí) is a pure bred dog originating from Ireland. The four coat varieties are: Traditional Irish, Heavy Irish, English, and American. These dogs have a single coat which sheds very little hair, so they can be more easily tolerated by people allergic to other breeds.

41.1 History

The Wheaten was bred in Ireland for over 200 years to be an all-purpose farm dog whose duties included herding, watching and guarding livestock, and vermin hunting and killing.*[4] They share a common ancestry with the Kerry Blue Terrier and the Irish Terrier but were not owned by gentry.*[4] Today, Wheaten terriers compete in obedience, agility, and tracking and are occasionally used in animal-assisted therapy as well. In Ireland, they were commonly referred to as the “Poor Man's Wolfhound.”Their tails used to be docked to avoid taxes and were often kept to a specific size.*[5] Despite its long history, the Wheaten was not recognised as a breed in Ireland by the Irish Kennel Club until 1937. In 1943, the British Kennel Club recognised the breed in the UK as well. The first Wheatens were exported to Lydia Vogel in the United States in the 1940s, but serious interest in the breed took another ten years to develop.*[6] Finally, in 1973, they were recognised by the American Kennel Club. In the 1970s, the first Wheatens were imported into Australia by Anubis Kennels. Since then, many more have been imported. Recent importation of Irish-style dogs have improved and broadened the gene pool.

41.2 Appearance

Puppies have dark coats of either red, brown, mahogany or white. Their muzzles and ears may be black or dark brown. The dark puppy coat gradually grows out to nearly white before maturing into a wheaten-coloured coat as they get older. The adult coat may contain black, white, or darker brown “guard”hairs in addition to the lighter wheaten-coloured hair. If adults ever have skin injuries, the resulting hair growth will be the dark colour of their puppy coat before it eventually grows out to the wheat color. It may also come out to a molten chocolate colour, either white or milky coloured. The Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier is a medium-sized dog, which ranges on average from 17 to 19 inches (43 to 48 cm)in height and about 30 to 45 pounds (14 to 20 kg) in weight. The breed has a square structure and is well built. Its hair does not shed like most dogs; like human hair and Poodle hair, it keeps growing; they do need trimming and should be brushed and combed once a day to avoid mats. They are very smart dogs, and are easy to train. They love people, and they rarely have aggression issues.*[7] The Irish coat tends to be thinner and silkier than the American variety. The Irish coat has a devoted following in Ireland and Europe. Breeders of the pure Irish type believe this is the original working terrier coat. The coat is not thin – breeders of the Irish type consider the American heavy coat to be“bouffant”, not that of the original working terrier type. There are a few breeders of the Irish type in the US and Canada. In the AKC conformation show ring, the judges do not always accept the Irish type well. The Irish is well received in the UK and Europe. The “Heavy Irish”coat is usually a result of cross breeding between coat types – American/English coat with an Irish type. The

191 192 CHAPTER 41. IRISH SOFT-COATED WHEATEN TERRIER

Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier

Irish coat still requires daily brushing to stay free of matted hair. The Wheatens seen in Ireland today are of the same size, shape and coat texture as those seen and documented well over 100 years ago. Evidence of this can be seen from the famous artwork“The Aran Fisherman's Drowned Child” by Frederic William Burton. The breed standards for the English, American and Irish Wheaten state a Wheaten must have a single, soft silky coat.*[8]

41.3 Health

Soft-coated Wheaten Terriers are generally a long-lived breed. They are susceptible to various heritable diseases, although are most known for two protein wasting conditions: protein-losing nephropathy (PLN), where the dogs lose protein via the kidneys;*[9] and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), where the dogs fail to fully absorb protein in their digestive tracts, causing it to pass in their stool. Both PLN and PLE are potentially fatal, but if caught early enough, can sometimes be managed with strict dietary changes and pharmaceuticals. Laboratory tests can aid in diagnosing PLN and PLE; Wheaten owners should check their country's advised testing protocols.*[10] These conditions have an unknown mode of inheritance, but research programs, mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom, are looking for answers.*[10]*[11] Other Wheaten health issues are renal dysplasia, inflammatory bowel disease, Addison's disease, and cancer. Some Wheatens can suffer from food and environmental allergies. Potential owners of Wheaten Terriers should discuss health issues with the breeder before deciding to get a puppy. The Soft-coated Wheaten Terriers are prone to devel- oping the skin disease atopic dermatitis.*[11] 41.4. TEMPERAMENT 193

Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier

41.4 Temperament

The Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier is an energetic and playful dog. It requires patience and consistent positive training. Harsh methods will often result in fear and/or aggression. A positive, even-handed approach works best with this intelligent yet headstrong terrier. It is an enthusiastic greeter, and will often jump up to lick a person's face, commonly referred to as the “Wheaten greetin”.*[12] Wheatens are considered less scrappy than other terriers, but they are true terriers and will be more active than many other breeds.*[4] For this reason these dogs do best when they are exercised regularly.*[4] They are cool weather dogs and can become easily overheated in hot weather. If socialised with cats and puppies, they may get along fine with them; if not, care should be taken in introducing them to cats, as the breed has a very strong “prey drive”because of its vermin-hunting origin. Wheatens can get along well with other dogs if properly socialised. They are extremely friendly and loving pets. Wheatens are very protective of their families and, although they may bark an alert at strangers, they rarely get aggressive. Many Wheaten owners thus say they make great watch dogs, but poor guard dogs. Wheatens are a great dog for kids and are generally friendly towards them.

41.5 References

[1] “Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers” (PDF). Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee.

[2] “Email General Health Survey (2000)". Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Club of America.

[3] “General Health Survey (1999–2000)". Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Club of America.

[4] “Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier”. AKC.

[5] “Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier History: Dog-Breeds.in”.

[6] Robyn Alexander - SCWTCA. “History of the Breed − Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Club of America”. 194 CHAPTER 41. IRISH SOFT-COATED WHEATEN TERRIER

[7] Go Pets America: Dogs that do not shed, Retrieved 7 September 2008

[8] Only the Irish coat fits this description for any of these standards.

[9] Delbert Carlson, DVM et al. “Protein-losing Nephropathy”. Go Pets America. Retrieved 25 October 2010.

[10] Robyn Alexander - SCWTCA. “Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Club of America – Wheaten Health”.

[11] “Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Health: Dog-Breeds.in”.

[12] Wheaten greeting Wheatendogs.com

41.6 External links

• Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 42

South Russian Ovcharka

A South Russian Ovcharka, also known as a Ukrainian Ovcharka, or South Russian Sheepdog, is a large, long-haired (12 centimeters), white sheepdog. Breeders have not yet developed a precise theory of the dog's origins. However, it is agreed that its ancestors lived in the Crimea region between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Males should stand no less than 25 inches (64 cm) tall,*[1] it has a long head, with dangling, small, triangular ears. Its coat consists of long, thick coarse hair, usually white (although sometimes white with yellow, or with shades of grey), that is bushy and slightly wavy.

Russian Sheepdog circa 1915

An undemanding dog, it can adapt to most weather conditions.

42.1 See also

• Caucasian Ovcharka

195 196 CHAPTER 42. SOUTH RUSSIAN OVCHARKA

• Central Asian Ovcharka

42.2 References

[1] “Breed standard”. UKC. Retrieved 13 February 2015.

42.3 External links

• Standard on Rusdog.ru (at Internet Archive) (Russian)

• http://www.pets-corner.net/breed/149.html Detailed information on the breed. • http://sro.rusdog.ru Russian National Club of SROs.

• http://www.southrussian.ru Data Base of SROs. Chapter 43

Southern Hound

The Southern Hound was a breed of dog that existed in Britain probably until sometime in the 19th century. The exact date of its extinction is not known; it is likely that it was gradually interbred with other breeds until the genuine Southern Hound bloodline ceased to exist. The origins of the Southern Hound are equally unclear. Most writers suggest that it is derived from the Talbot, which was a predominantly white, slow, deep-throated, scent hound, also of uncertain origin, though it is sometimes claimed that it came from Normandy. It is suggested that at some point the Talbot was crossed with Greyhounds to give them an extra turn of speed.*[1] However, in The Dog published in 1852, William Youatt states that the Southern Hound may have existed in Britain since ancient times rather than being brought from France by the Normans.*[2] The Southern Hound was a tall, heavy dog with a square head, and long ears. It had a deep chest, a long bony body and a deep melodious voice. It was a slow dog, but with excellent scenting abilities and was employed to follow the trail of the quarry during a hunt. Because of its lack of speed and deliberate nature, it was considered best used for hunting game such as hare or deer, which would eventually be exhausted by its relentless pursuit but, unlike a fox or rabbit, could not escape to the safety of a den or burrow.*[3] It was still common south of the River Trent in the 18th century. Further north the North Country Beagle or Northern Hound was favoured. This was a faster dog but probably lacked the delicate nose of the Southern Hound. In his The Dog, in Health and Disease in 1859, “Stonehenge”(the pen name of John Henry Walsh, editor of The Field) says the two breeds could be differentiated by the large dewlap present in the Southern Hound, but the illustration of the Southern Hound in the same book lacks this detail. How far the Talbot, Northern Hound and Southern Hound were intermixed is impossible to ascertain: authors writing in the mid-19th century were already having difficulty distinguishing between the three breeds.*[3] The Southern Hound seems to have fallen out of favour during the 18th century as the fashion for shorter hunts led to the development of the faster Foxhound. Youatt wrote that there were still packs in use in Devon in the 19th century and that the Southern Hound was sometimes used in conjunction with Foxhound packs to help pick up the cold trail when the pack lost the scent.*[2] Some were employed in Wales on polecat hunts (that could last several days), and they appear to have been used to hunt otter before being employed as breeding stock for the development of the Otterhound.*[4] The famous bloodhound breeder Edwin Brough reported that in 1881 he used a pure bred Southern Hound, 'Clara', (pictured in this article) as a cross to his bloodhounds, and this outcross was bred on from into the modern population of bloodhounds.*[5] Many of the modern hound breeds are believed to have Southern Hound blood: Beagles, Harriers, Foxhounds, Coonhounds and Bloodhounds among others.

43.1 Notes

[1] Smith p.209

[2] Youatt p.133

[3] Stonehenge pp.47-50

197 198 CHAPTER 43. SOUTHERN HOUND

[4] Leighton p.70

[5] Brough, Edwin (1907). Read, Tony, ed. Bloodhounds, History, Origins, Breeding & Training (excerpted from the Kennel Encyclopaedia of 1907) ISBN 978-1-4067-8733-7.

43.2 References

• Leighton, Robert (2004) [1934]. Dogs and All About Them. Kessinger Publishing. p. 292. ISBN 1-4191- 1636-3.

•“Stonehenge”, (J. H. Walsh) (1859). The Dog, in Health and Disease. London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts.

• Smith, Steve (2002). The Encyclopedia of North American Sporting Dogs. Willow Creek Press. p. 256. ISBN 1-57223-501-2.

• Youatt, William (1852). The Dog. Blanchard and Lea. p. 403. Chapter 44

Spanish Mastiff

The Spanish Mastiff, or Mastín Español is a giant breed of dog, originating in Spain, originally bred to be a guard dog whose purpose is to defend livestock from wolves and other predators. The Mountain dog type has a heavier coat.

44.1 Appearance

Spanish Mastiff,

199 200 CHAPTER 44. SPANISH MASTIFF

mastin de jesus

The Spanish Mastiff is a very large and powerful dog, similar in appearance to the other Mastiff breeds. They have a large powerful head and serious and vigilant expression Males in this breed are 70 to 85 centimetres (28 to 33 in) tall at the withers, and range from 50 to 70 kilograms (110 to 150 lb). Females are at least 65 centimetres (26 in), and weigh 40 to 60 kilograms (88 to 132 lb).*[1] It has small eyes and drop ears resembling triangles. This dog's coat is most often fawn-colored, but can also be brindle, black or 'wolf' colored. Reddish tones indicate miscegenation

44.2 Temperament

This noble giant is aloof, dignified, calm and intelligent. It is devoted to its family and may politely accept strangers if it has been socialized properly, although it will be wary of them. It can be aggressive toward other dogs. The Spanish Mastiff may be a less-than-ideal pet in urban situations, where its booming voice and massive size could be problematic. It is a wonderful protector of its home and family. Socialization and training should begin early to ensure this dog a stable and reliable pet. Supervised exposure in puppy-hood to a variety of unfamiliar but non-threatening dogs will help dampen a tendency to aggression toward other dogs. The breed is quite alert and food motivated but can bore easily; training must be consistent and firm but gentle. Once the trainer has established the dog's respect as leader, the Spanish Mastiff will be an extremely loyal pet.

44.3 Exercise

This dog is more inclined to lumber than gallop, but it can move quite rapidly when necessary. A long daily walk will be sufficient, although it will appreciate a fenced area where it can exercise at its own rate.

44.4 See also

• Las Meninas by Diego Velázquez features an impressive example of the breed. 44.5. NOTES 201

44.5 Notes

[1] The Spanish Mastiff Chapter 45

Spanish Water Dog

The Spanish Water Dog (perro de agua español) breed dates back several hundred years and has its origins most likely in Turkey from where it was imported into Spain as a general purpose sheepdog and guard. It is also used sometimes as a gundog, and is skilled at retrieval from water. The SWD has strong genetic links to other ancient water breeds such as the Portuguese Water Dog, the French Barbet and the Irish Water Spaniel.

45.1 Description

45.1.1 Appearance

The SWD is a medium size, athletic, robust dog that is slightly longer than tall. Their tails are usually docked in the US, but undocked tails are not a fault in conformation showing if the dog was bred in a non-docking country. The head should be strong and carried with elegance. The skull is flat and the top is parallel with the top of the muzzle. The nose, eye-rims and paw pads are the same colour as the darkest part of the coat or darker. The eyes are expressive and set fairly wide apart. They should be hazel, chestnut or dark brown in colour, depending on the coat colour. The ears are set at medium height on the skull, and are triangular.

Coat and colour

It has a distinctive curly coat which is woolly in texture and may form cords when long. The coat should not be clipped or groomed for aesthetic purposes. Instead, it should look entirely natural, as though it is not groomed at all. It should never be trimmed, but sheared down at least once a year. SWD puppies are always born with curly hair. The SWD can be seen in a variety of colours. It may be solid black, beige, brown, or white; bicolour where the second colour is white; or particolour . Tri-coloured dogs are strictly prohibited by the currently held (worldwide) standards for the breed as are black and tan or brown and tan colour combinations.

Size

The Spanish Water Dog is a medium-sized dog. The approximate measurements are:

• Males

• Height (at the withers): 44 to 50 cm (17 to 20 in) • Weight: 18 to 22 kg (40 to 49 lb)

• Females

• Height (at the withers): 40 to 45 cm (16 to 18 in) • Weight: 14 to 18 kg (31 to 40 lb)

202 45.2. TEMPERAMENT 203

More colours SWDs can be seen in.

45.2 Temperament

The SWD is diligent, loyal, affectionate, and intelligent. They have very strong natural herding and guarding instincts, leading them to become the “self-appointed”guardians of their homes. SWDs thrive on work and play. Their athleticism and extremely hard working nature leads them to excel at any number of tasks. They can be wary with strangers, and early and continuing socialization with a variety of people and other animals is essential for a well- adjusted, social dog. Good socialization at an early age greatly helps them cohabit with small children.*[1]

45.3 Grooming

SWDs require minimal grooming.*[2]

• SWDs should never be brushed, instead, as the cords grow they should be checked for matting. When matting does occur they should be gently pulled apart without tearing the cords. If there is too much matting the cords should be sheared.

• SWDs should be bathed only when dirty in lukewarm water. Use a neutral shampoo, never use human shampoo. SWDs should be allowed to air dry.

• The cords must be sheared one or more times a year.

• Ears and eyes should cleaned as often as they are dirty and excess ear hair may need to be plucked.

• As with all dogs nails should be trimmed.

• SWD puppies should be trimmed for the first time at around the age of 4 months 204 CHAPTER 45. SPANISH WATER DOG

Nine-week-old SWD brown and white boston coloured puppy

45.4 Health

The breed's life expectancy is thought to be about 14 years. Recent health testing has uncovered the following issues:

• Hip dysplasia*[3] • Progressive retinal atrophy (prcd-PRA) • Hypothyroidism

• Addison's disease • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency • Allergies • Cataracts • Congenital hypothyroidism with goitre (CHG) • Distichia • Cherry eye 45.5. HISTORY 205

This SWD is swimming in the ocean. Many SWDs love the water, but not all.

45.5 History

Many different theories exist as to its origin and history. Records suggest water dogs have been around the main wetlands of the Iberian Peninsula since ancient times. Portuguese and Spanish water dogs are clearly related and have a common ancestor. The SWD has been known by many other names such as“Perro Turco”,“Laneto”,“Perro Patero”,“Perro Rizado”,“Churro”,“Barbeta”, and, most recently,“Perro de Agua Español”(literally Dog of Water of Spain, i.e., Spanish Water Dog). In Southern Spain (Andalusia), the SWD was often called the“Andalusian Turk”and some thought the breed came with Turkish sheep boats, but this is very unlikely since originally there were three separated populations of SWD in Spain with somewhat different phenotypes and sizes. One of these populations was found in Northern Spain, in Asturias and Cantabria, these dogs were usually smaller and of lighter colour, becoming a new breed 22 March 2011, the Cantabrian Water Dog. The other group could be found in the marshes of western Andalusia, this type of dogs had coats made of long and thin cords. And finally the largest group came from the southern Andalusian sierras, this type of dogs were the largest and strongest since were mainly used for herding. Today, the breed is well mixed and most SWD are well rounded and have a balanced of traits. Regardless of its exact origin, a woolly coated Shepherd Dog is documented to have been on the Iberian Peninsula by around 1100 CE. This is clearly a very ancient and rustic breed, very well adapted to the climate and terrain conditions found in the wetlands and coastal mountains of the Spanish shores. Historically, the SWDs were primarily used as Herding dogs to move the flocks of sheep and goats from one pasture to another. The dogs were also called upon to work wherever a dog was required. For example, they were taught to work with fishermen as well as being taught to retrieve when hunting with the farmers. 206 CHAPTER 45. SPANISH WATER DOG

Spanish Water Dog

45.5.1 Revival of the breed

In about 1975, two enthusiasts, Antonio García Pérez and Santiago Montesinos, travelled around the countryside of Southern Spain, through the remote villages and farms of the mountainous region of Andalusia and bought or borrowed a number of dogs from the shepherds that they felt most fit the type they were looking for to establish a breeding program. In 1980, the Spanish Water Dog Club (Spain) was formed in order to promote the breed and help get it recognized in its own country. In 1985, after a lot of hard work and displaying the breed at various venues and dog shows the Spanish Kennel Club accepted it and gave it official status. It was provisionally recognized by Fédération Cynologique Internationale until 1999, when it was permanently recognized. The SWD was officially recognized in the United States by the United Kennel Club in 2001 and fully accepted for conformation events in 2004. Jerry and Ken Mann were instrumental in facilitating recognition in UKC. They presented the first SWD to be shown in an AKC Rare Breed Conformation venue in Inverness, Florida in January 2000. They presented an Introduction Seminar at a UKC venue in South Carolina in 2001 and showed the first SWD at a UKC Mult-Breed show in the Summer of 2004. They spearheaded the first International SWD discussion list and were the first owners to use their SWD for herding in the United States. They brought the natural ability and historic value of herding to the fore. As of July 1, 2013, the Spanish Water Dog will move into the Herding Group in the UKC. The American Kennel Club Foundation Stock Service recognized the breed in 2005 through the efforts of the Spanish Water Dog Club, Inc. The AKC approved the breed to begin competition in AKC herding, in dog agility trials, obedience, and tracking beginning January 1, 2008. In June 2012, the SWD moved into the Miscellaneous Group. As of January 1, 2015, the Spanish Water Dog will join the Herding Group. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Spanish Water Dogs that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[4] Additionally, the breed was recognized by the American Herding Breed Association in 2007. 45.6. REFERENCES 207

Spanish Water Dog

The Canadian Kennel Clubs Listed and Miscellaneous Breeds was amended to include the Spanish Water Dog as a listed breed effective as of 1 September 2008.

45.6 References

[1] “Breed Information”. Spanish Water Dog Club, Inc. Retrieved 17 May 2012.

[2] “Grooming”. Spanish Water Dog Club, Inc. Retrieved 17 May 2012.

[3] Spanish Water Dog Club, Inc.: Health

[4] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.

45.7 Bibliography

• Cristina D. (2003). Spanish Water Dog. NJ: Kennel Club Books, Inc. •“Health Issues.”Spanish Water Dog Club UK. Spanish Water Dog Club UK.

45.8 External links

• Spanish Water Dog at DMOZ 208 CHAPTER 45. SPANISH WATER DOG

Spanish Water Dog 45.8. EXTERNAL LINKS 209

Spanish Water Dogs are highly versatile. This one is herding sheep. Chapter 46

Spinone Italiano

The Spinone Italiano (Italian pronunciation: [spiˈnoːne itaˈljaːno]*[note 1]) is an Italian dog breed. It was originally bred as a versatile gun dog. To this day, the breed still masters that purpose. The Spinone is a loyal, friendly and alert dog with a close lying, wiry coat. It is an ancient breed that can be traced back to approximately 500 BC. It is traditionally used for hunting, pointing, and retrieving game (HPR), but, in addition to that purpose, the intelligent and strong Spinone may be practically anything ranging from a companion to an assistance dog.

46.1 Description

The Spinone is easy going, docile, and affectionate towards both people and dogs.

46.1.1 Appearance

The Spinone has a square build (the length of the body is approximately equal to the height at the withers). It is a strong-boned, solidly built dog with a well-muscled body and limbs that are suited to almost any kind of terrain.

210 46.1. DESCRIPTION 211

A brown and white Spinone can sometimes be confused with a German Wirehaired Pointer by someone unfamiliar with the breeds. However, the long head and pronounced occipital are unique to the breed. He has an expression that shows intelligence and understanding and is often described as having human-like eyes. The tail of the Spinone is customarily docked at half its length (approx 5.5 to 8 inches or 140 to 200 mm from the base of the tail), Even as adults, Spinoni retain disproportionate, puppy-like, webbed paws which make them powerful swimmers.*[1]

Coat

Solid white.

Orange roan with orange markings.

Brown roan with brown markings. Coat colors of the Spinone.

The coat is tough, slightly wiry, and close fitting. The preferred length is 1.5 to 2.5 in (3.8 to 6.4 cm) on the body; however, the ears, muzzle, head, and parts of the legs and feet are covered with shorter hair. Eyebrows have longer and stiffer hair; longer but softer hair covers cheeks and muzzle, creating a profuse moustache and beard. The Spinone should not have an undercoat. A long, soft or silky coat is undesired and is a sign of excessive grooming. 212 CHAPTER 46. SPINONE ITALIANO

Color

Acceptable variants (UK and US) are solid white, white with orange markings, orange roan with or without orange markings, white with brown markings, and brown roan with or without brown markings. Pigment of skin, nose, lips, and the pads on their feet should be a fleshy red-orange in white dogs, slightly darker in orange and brown roan dogs. The white and orange coloration is unique amongst the wire-haired gun dogs. .*[2]

Height and weight

Height at withers:

• Dogs: 60 to 70 cm (24 to 28 in).

Weight should be in the correct proportion to size and structure:

• Dogs: 34 to 39 kg (75 to 86 lb).

46.1.2 Temperament

The Spinone is easy going, docile, and affectionate towards both people and dogs. It is well known for being loving and gentle with children. Its extremely patient nature also helps with this, but children should be taught not to take advantage of this trait. It is loyal to those it knows and still friendly to those it does not. The breed is not known for any aggression, but any dog breed can develop fear aggression if not properly socialized during the “window of socialization”from ages 6 weeks to 14 weeks. Centuries of working with man as a hunting companion has created a loyal, intelligent dog that is easily trained, although some can be stubborn about performing a learned task if they see no point in it. Because they are sensitive, motivational training works best for this breed, as this gentle creature's feelings can easily be hurt when handled incorrectly. The Spinone can be a very active breed, but it is not a racy dog like most other hunting breeds. The Spinone typically moves at the relaxed trot that is characteristic of the breed. It has often been called the perfect dog to run or jog with, because it will not run off in front and leave its human companion struggling to keep up as it prefers the slower pace itself. It can be more than happy in a small yard and does not necessarily need acres of land. The small garden combined with regular walks would suit a Spinone well. In part due to its long beard and lip folds, the Spinone can have a tendency to slobber.

46.2 Health

Like all purebred dogs, it has its share of health problems, but careful breeding is helping the situation cease.

46.2.1 Life expectancy

In 2004, The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom conducted a breed health survey which found the average life expectancy of Italian Spinone to be 8.7 years.

46.2.2 Known medical issues

• Cerebellar ataxia: Cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a deadly hereditary condition that is known to affect Spinone puppies. It is a recessive gene; therefore, both sire and dam must have been carriers for any pup in a litter to have this condition. No puppy with CA has lived past the age of 12 months to date. Most puppies that have been diagnosed with the condition are euthanised at 10–11 months. However, the AHT (UK) has developed a test for this condition. Carriers can now be identified to a 95% certainty. 46.2. HEALTH 213

• Hip dysplasia: Like some large breeds, the Spinone can suffer hip dysplasia. This is when the hip bones develop abnormally. Abnormal joint motion causes early onset arthritis and makes it difficult and painful to do any exercise. Dogs diagnosed with severe hip dysplasia can have one of a number or surgical repairs including removal of the femoral head (FHO), surgical remodeling of the joint (triple pelvic osteotomy) or total hip 214 CHAPTER 46. SPINONE ITALIANO

replacement (implant of an artificial femoral head(ball) and acetabulum (socket)).

46.3 History

In his Camera degli Sposi (15th century), Andrea Mantegna depicts a Spinone, Rubino, as a symbol of loyalty. The dog is visible on the left, under the throne of its owner, Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua.

The breed is believed to have been developed in the Piedmont region of Italy. As the Spinone is a very ancient breed (it is believed to be one of the oldest gun dogs in existence), it is not known exactly what the origins of the breed are; there are many different theories. Some of these claim that the Spinone could have originated in Italy, France, Spain, Russia, Greece, or Celtic Ireland. Some people familiar with the history of the breed claim that the Spinone descended from the now-extinct Spanish Pointer, whilst others claim that it was the ancient Russian Setter that is responsible for the breed we know today. An even more popular theory is that Greek traders brought coarse-haired setters to Italy during the height of the Roman empire, where the dogs were then crossed with various others and the modern Spinone eventually emerged. The French claim that the Spinone has descended from crosses of several French pointing breeds, whilst the Italians believe the Spinone is the ancestor of the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, the German Wirehaired Pointer, and the Pudelpointer. Any one of these claims could be true; perhaps several of them are correct. During the Second World War, the Spinone became close to extinct. Both the war and the fact that Italian hunters had begun using other breeds (such as setters, pointers, and spaniels) in the hunt, whereas before it was primarily the Spinone. Many breeders had to resort to crossing the Spinone with other wire-haired breeds, such as the Boulet, Wirehaired Pointing Griffon and German Wirehaired Pointer. The breed was not officially known as“Spinone”until the early 19th century. Before then, some areas knew the breed as the“Spinoso”. The breed may have been named after an Italian thorn bush, the spino, which was a favorite hiding place for small game because for larger animals it was practically impenetrable. Only thick-skinned, coarse-haired animals could fight through the branches unharmed to locate the game. The Spinone was the breed most capable of doing so, and, perhaps, therefore the name was formed. Today the Bracco Italiano is the most popular hunting dog in Italy, although the Spinone is still common. The Bracco is a racier, higher energy dog, while the Spinone excels at hunting close or in dense cover, and in retrieving from water. 46.4. NOTES 215

The Duchess of Northumberland has a spinone, called Fuzzy. *[3]

46.4 Notes

[1] The plural Italian form is Spinoni Italiani pronounced [spiˈnoːni itaˈljaːni].

46.5 See also

• Bracco Italiano

• Griffon • Pointing breed

46.6 References

[1] “Breed description”.

[2] “Spinone Ital”. AKC.

[3] Tighe, Chris. “The Duchess of Northumberland and her £50m garden project”. Financial Times.

• Italian Griffon breed description at the Italian federation (ENCI). • The American Kennel Club official site

• The Italian Spinone Club of Great Britain • The Spinone Club of America

• Italian Spinone Sculpture

46.6.1 Books

• Larkin, Dr. Peter and Stockman, Mike (2003). The ultimate encyclopedia of dogs, dog breeds & dog care. Hermes House. ISBN 1-84309-128-3.

• Hall, Derek (2005). The ultimate guide to dog breeds. Regency House. ISBN 1-85361-516-1.

• Fry, Carolyn (1999). The Italian Spinone. Kingdom Books. ISBN 1-85279-084-9. Chapter 47

Sporting Lucas Terrier

The Sporting Lucas Terrier is a small breed of dog of the terrier type. The breed is named for Jocelyn Lucas.

47.1 Appearance

A short-legged working terrier that must be small and narrow enough in the chest to go to ground when required. About twelve inches at the withers, and about 15 lbs. in weight. The harsh shaggy coat is white with dark patches, or various combinations of brown, black and tan or grizzle and tan.

47.2 History

The Sporting Lucas Terrier was developed in Scotland (firstly in Mey, Caithness and later in Abington, South La- narkshire) from the Lucas Terrier, the Jack Russell Terrier, and various Fell Terriers by Brian Plummer in the 1990s, in an effort to create a good working terrier. In 1999 the Lucas Terrier Club de-listed all of Brian Plummer's dogs as they “did not want infusions of other terrier types introduced into their bloodlines”.*[1] Breed clubs were then set up for Plummer's dog, and it became the Sporting Lucas Terrier, despite the fact that the connection to the original Lucas terrier is tenuous. The Lucas Terrier was created by Major Jocelyn Lucas in the late 1940s, in an effort to breed a Sealyham Terrier that could go to ground, from Sealyhams and Norfolk Terriers. Today it has returned to being primarily a pet and showdog.*[2] Another breed of terrier developed by Brian Plummer is the Plummer Terrier.*[3] It is similar, but bull terrier was also used, and the dog developed a reputation for quarrelsomeness.

47.3 Recognition

Of the major kennel clubs in the English-speaking world, only the United Kennel Club (US) recognises the Sporting Lucas Terrier, in their Terrier Group.*[4] It may also be recognised by any of the very large number of specialty dog clubs, dog sports clubs, minor registries, and internet based breed registry businesses. The primary breed club for the Sporting Lucas Terrier, which was founded in 1999 after the split with the Lucas Terrier Club, is The Sporting Lucas Terrier Club.*[5] Mr. Plummer (Sept 11th 1936 - Sept 12th 2003) is deceased.

47.4 See also

• Terrier

216 47.5. REFERENCES 217

47.5 References

[1] Similar Name But Not The Same (Lucas Terrier Club)

[2] "Plummer Terriers, by P. Burns “Today the Lucas Terrier is a scruffy show ring dog”

[3] Plummer Terriers, what are they?

[4] Breed Standard

[5] The Sporting Lucas Terrier Club

47.6 Further reading

• Tales of a Rat-Hunting Man by Brian Plummer, Publisher: Lyons and Burford Publishers, 1997, ISBN 1- 55821-595-6 Chapter 48

St. Bernard (dog)

The St. Bernard or St Bernard (/ˈbɜrnərd/ or /bərˈnɑrd/)*[1] is a breed of very large working dog from Swiss Alps and north Italy, originally bred for rescue. The breed has become famous through tales of alpine rescues, as well as for its enormous size.

48.1 Appearance

A St. Bernard with short coat

The St. Bernard is a giant dog. The average weight of the breed is between 140 and 264 lb (64–120 kg) or more and the approximate height at the withers is 27½ inches to 35½ inches (70 to 90 cm).*[2] The coat can be either smooth or rough, with the smooth coat close and flat. The rough coat is dense but flat, and more profuse around the neck and legs. The coat is typically a red color with white, or sometimes a mahogany brindle with white. Black shading

218 48.2. HISTORY 219 is usually found on the face and ears. The tail is long and heavy, hanging low. Eyes should have naturally tight lids, with "haws only slightly visible"; they are usually brown, but sometimes can be icy blue.

48.2 History

Painting by John Emms portraying St. Bernards as rescue dogs, with the apocryphal “brandy barrel”

The ancestors of the St. Bernard share a history with the Sennenhunds, also called Swiss Mountain Dogs or Swiss Cattle Dogs, the large farm dogs of the farmers and dairymen of the livestock guardians, herding dogs, and draft dogs as well as hunting dogs, search and rescue dogs, and watchdogs. These dogs are thought to be descendants of 220 CHAPTER 48. ST. BERNARD (DOG)

A St. Bernard rescue dog in Valais molosser type dogs brought into the Alps by the ancient Romans, and the St. Bernard is recognized internationally today as one of the Molossoid breeds.*[3] The earliest written records of the St. Bernard breed are from monks at the hospice at the Great St. Bernard Pass in 1707, with paintings and drawings of the dog dating even earlier.*[4] The most famous St. Bernard to save people at the pass was Barry (sometimes spelled Berry), who reportedly saved somewhere between 40 and 100 lives. There is a monument to Barry in the Cimetière des Chiens, and his body was preserved in the Natural History Museum in Berne.*[5] The classic St. Bernard looked very different from the St. Bernard of today because of cross-breeding. Severe winters from 1816 to 1818 led to increased numbers of avalanches, killing many of the dogs used for breeding while they 48.3. MODERN ACTIVITIES - GREAT ST BERNARD PASS 221

were performing rescues.*[6]*[7] In an attempt to preserve the breed, the remaining St. Bernards were crossed with Newfoundlands brought from the Colony of Newfoundland in the 1850s, and so lost much of their use as rescue dogs in the snowy climate of the alps because the long fur they inherited would freeze and weigh them down.*[8] The dogs never received any special training from the monks. Instead, younger dogs would learn how to perform search and rescue operations from older dogs.*[9] The Swiss St. Bernard Club was founded in Basel on March 15, 1884. The St. Bernard was the very first breed entered into the Swiss Stud Book in 1884, and the breed standard was finally approved in 1888. Since then, the breed has been a Swiss national dog.*[4]

48.2.1 Naming

The name“St. Bernard”originates from the Great St. Bernard Hospice, a traveler's hospice on the often treacherous Great St. Bernard Pass in the Western Alps between Switzerland and Italy. The pass, the lodge, and the dogs are named for Bernard of Menthon, the 11th century monk who established the station.*[10] “St. Bernard”wasn't in widespread use until the middle of the 19th century. The dogs were called “Saint Dogs”, “Noble Steeds”, “Alpenmastiff”, or “Barry Dogs”before that time.

48.2.2 Related breeds

The breed is strikingly similar to the English Mastiff and Newfoundland. This can be attributed to a common shared ancestry with the Alpine Mastiff and the Tibetan Mastiff. It is suspected that these breeds were used to redevelop each other to combat the threat of their extinction after World War II.*[11] The four Sennenhund breeds, the Grosser Schweizer Sennenhund (Greater Swiss Mountain Dog), the Berner Sen- nenhund, (Bernese Mountain Dog), the Appenzeller Sennenhund, (Appenzeller), and the Entlebucher Sennenhund (Entlebucher Mountain Dog) are similar in appearance and share the same location and history, but are tricolor rather than red and white. St. Bernards have in common many characteristics of other Mountain dog breeds.

• 14-month-old longhaired St. Bernard Dog

• St. Bernard Dog in winter

• Two longhaired St. Bernard Dogs

48.2.3 Kennel Club recognition

The St. Bernard is recognised internationally by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as a Molosser in Group 2, Section 2. The breed is recognised by The Kennel Club (UK), the Canadian Kennel Club, and the American Kennel Club in the Working Dog breed group. The United Kennel Club in the United States places the breed in the Guardian Dog Group. The New Zealand Kennel Club and the Australian National Kennel Council place the breed in the Utility Group

48.3 Modern activities - Great St Bernard Pass

Main articles: Great St Bernard Pass and Great St Bernard Hospice

St. Bernard dogs are no longer used for Alpine rescues, the last recorded instance of which was in 1955. As late as 2004, the Great St Bernard Hospice still maintained 18 of the dogs for reasons of tradition and sentiment. In that year the Barry Foundation created breeding kennels for the breed at the town of Martigny down the Pass, and purchased the remaining dogs from the Hospice. The animals bred by the Foundation are trained to participate in a variety of dog sports including carting and weight pulling. The dogs at the Barry Foundation are reportedly smaller than the average St Bernard. 222 CHAPTER 48. ST. BERNARD (DOG)

St. Bernard demonstrating its strength.

A St. Bernard performing agility at the Rose City Classic AKC Show 2007, Portland, Oregon, USA. 48.4. HEALTH 223

48.4 Health

The very fast growth rate and the weight of a St. Bernard can lead to very serious deterioration of the bones if the dog does not get proper food and exercise. Many dogs are genetically affected by hip dysplasia or elbow dysplasia. Osteosarcoma (bone cancer) has been shown to be hereditary in the breed.*[12] They are susceptible to eye disorders called entropion and ectropion, in which the eyelid turns in or out. The breed standard indicates that this is a major fault. The breed is also susceptible to epilepsy and seizures, a heart disease called dilated cardiomyopathy, and eczema. US and UK breed clubs put the average lifespan for a St. Bernard at 8–10 years.*[13]*[14]*[15] A 2003 Danish breed survey (35 dogs) puts the median lifespan at 9.5 years while a UK breed survey in 2004 (53 dogs) puts the median lifespan at 7 years. In the UK survey about one in five lived to >10 years with the longest lived dog at 12 years and 9 months.*[16]*[17] A study of genetically related polyneuropathy in the breed was conducted.*[18]

48.4.1 Temperament

Known as a classic example of a Gentle Giant, the Saint Bernard is calm, patient and sweet with adults, and especially children. However St. Bernards, like all very large dogs, must be well socialized with people and other dogs in order to prevent fearfulness and any possible aggression or territoriality. The biggest threat to small children is being knocked over by this breed's larger size. Overall they are a sweet, gentle, calm, loyal and affectionate breed, and if socialized are very friendly. Because of its large adult size, it is essential that proper training and socialization begin while the St. Bernard is still a puppy, so as to avoid the difficulties that normally accompany training large dogs. An unruly St. Bernard may present problems for even a strong adult, so control needs to be asserted from the beginning of the dog's training. While generally not instinctively protective, a St. Bernard may bark at strangers, and their size makes them good deterrents against possible intruders.*[19]*[20]

48.5 Notability

48.5.1 Record size

St. Bernards were exported to England in the mid-19th century, where they were bred with mastiffs to create an even 1 larger dog. Plinlimmon, a famous St. Bernard of the time, was measured at 95 kg (210 lbs) and 87.5 cm (34 ⁄2ins), and was sold to an American for $7000.*[10] Commercial pressure encouraged breeding ever larger dogs until“the dogs became so gross that they had difficulties in getting from one end of a show ring to another”.*[10] An 1895 New York Times report mentions a St. Bernard named Major F. measuring 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) in length, who, if the claims are true, would be the longest dog in history.*[21] Another St. Bernard named Benedictine V Schwarzwald Hof (Pierson, Michigan - USA) also reached 315 lb (143 kg), which earned a place in the 1981 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records.*[22]

48.5.2 In media

St. Bernards are often portrayed, especially in old live action comedies such as Swiss Miss, the TV series Topper, and classic cartoons, wearing small barrels of brandy around their necks. Avalanche victims supposedly drank the brandy to stay warm while awaiting rescue, although this is medically unsound. The monks of the St. Bernard Hospice deny that any St. Bernard has ever carried casks or small barrels around their necks; they attribute the image to an 1820 painting by Edwin Landseer, perhaps Alpine Mastiffs Reanimating a Distressed Traveler (which became a popular engraving in 1831 by Charles Landseer).*[23] The monks did keep casks around for photographs by tourists.*[24] A Punch magazine cartoon from 1949 depicts a man with a St. Bernard and several puppies, all of which are wearing neck casks. The man explains, “Of course, I only breed them for the brandy.” A frequent joke in old MGM and Warner Brothers shorts is to depict the dogs as compulsive alcoholics who engage in frequent nips from their own casks. 224 CHAPTER 48. ST. BERNARD (DOG)

A female Saint Bernard Dog

St. Bernard puppy. 48.5. NOTABILITY 225

48.5.3 Famous St. Bernards

Real dogs

See generally: List of famous dogs

• Burtonswood (Bossy Boots). English and Irish Crufts Supreme Champion (1974), Breeder was the late Miss Marjorie Hinds.

• Bamse, a Norwegian dog honoured for exploits during World War II memorial statue in Montrose, Scotland where he died in 1944

• Barry, famous Alpine rescue dog

• Bernie, mascot of the Colorado Avalanche

• Bernie “Saint”Bernard, mascot of the Siena Saints

• Bernie, mascot of the Northampton Saints

• Gumbo, team mascot for the New Orleans Saints

• Porthos, J.M. Barrie's dog

• Schnorbitz, on-stage partner of British comedian Bernie Winters during his later career

• Schotzie & Schotzie “02”, beloved pets and mascots of Cincinnati Reds' owner Marge Schott

• Scipio Saint Bernard of Orville Wright*[25]

• Shirley Temple and a St. Bernard friend

• Wallace (currently Wallace VI), mascot of The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)

Fictional dogs

See generally: List of fictional dogs

• Båtsman, a St. Bernard in Astrid Lindgren's story Vi på Saltkråkan

• Beethoven (from the movie series of the same name) The 1992 comedy film Beethoven features a large, friendly but troublesome St. Bernard and, in later sequels, his mate and their brood of unruly pups. According to the producers of the sequel Beethoven's 2nd, the St. Bernards used in the film grew so fast during filming that over 100 St. Bernard puppies were cast to portray the sequel's four puppies (Tchaikovsky, Chubby, Dolly, and Mo) and a mother St. Bernard named Missy.

• Bolivar a/k/a Bornworthy and Bernie, Donald Duck's non-anthropomorphic pet, and Bolivar's son, Behemoth

• Buck, from Jack London's novel, The Call of the Wild, is described as half St. Bernard and half "Scotch shepherd dog",*[upper-alpha 1]*[upper-alpha 2] but was rendered as full St. Bernard in at least one of the six movie versions.*[upper-alpha 3]

• Cujo, a dog who contracts rabies and becomes crazed, terrorizing the residents of the fictional town of Castle Rock, Maine from the 1981 Stephen King novel Cujo and the 1983 film of the same name.

• George, from the 1971 movie George! and its 1972–74 spinoff television series.

• Nana, in the Disney and Columbia Pictures Peter Pan movies (but a Newfoundland in J.M. Barrie's original play and novel)

• Neil, the martini-slurping St. Bernard of George and Marion Kerby in the 1950s television series Topper. This was a follow up to Topper, Topper Takes a Trip, and Topper Returns. 226 CHAPTER 48. ST. BERNARD (DOG)

Drawing of Barry rescuing a small child. 48.5. NOTABILITY 227

Longhaired

Short haired

48.5.4 Legends

The famous Barry found a small boy in the snow and persuaded the boy to climb on his back, and then carried the boy to safety.*[8] 228 CHAPTER 48. ST. BERNARD (DOG)

A St Bernard named Major is often credited with being the dog that helped save Manchester United, currently one of the world's largest football clubs, from financial ruin. The legend goes that in 1902 when the club owed sizable debts, the then captain Harry Stafford was showing off his prized St Bernard at a fund-raiser for the club when he was approached by a wealthy brewery owner, J.H.Davis, who enquired to buy the dog. Harry Stafford refused the offer but managed to convince him to buy the club thus saving Manchester United from going bankrupt.

48.6 See also

• Dog sports

• Great St Bernard Hospice

• Great St Bernard Pass

48.7 Bibliography

48.7.1 Footnotes

[1] Buck in “Call of the Wild”is described thus: “His (Buck's) father, Elmo, a huge St Bernard, had been the Judge's inseparable companion, and Buck bid fair to follow in the J way of his father. He was not so large,̶he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds,̶for his mother, Shep, had been a Scotch shepherd dog. Nevertheless, one hundred and forty pounds, to which was added the dignity that comes of good living and universal respect, enabled him to carry himself in right royal fashion.”Call of the Wild (novel).

[2] The use of the term “Scotch shepherd dog”is an archaic Victorian phrase which probably refers to Scotch Collie, or Old Time Farm Shepherd, but might refer to English Shepherd. “Name That Breed – A Collie By Any Other Name… ". Old-Time Farm Shepherd. Retrieved 9 October 2012. “Defining a Breed: An Apologia of the OTFS”. Retrieved 9 October 2012.

[3] A St. Bernard was used in the Clark Gable version, The Call of the Wild (1935 film). Three Leonberger 'actors' (one was a female, and two males) played the starring dog“Buck”in The Call of the Wild: Dog of the Yukon (1997), “Call of the Wild - Dog of the Yukon”. Internet Movie Data Base. Retrieved October 8, 2012. a Canadian rendition of Jack London's Call of the Wild starring Rutger Hauer as John Thornton (narrated by Richard Dreyfuss). “Leonberger Facts”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved October 8, 2012. Nevertheless, films and television renditions have varied the dog breed. The book was also adapted in The Call of the Wild by D. W. Griffith (1908); a second silent film (1923) by Hal Roach; The Call of the Wild (1972 film) and Call of the Wild 3D (2009). It has also been the subject of three television programs or films: The Call of the Wild, a 1976 American TV film starring John Beck, with a screenplay by James Dickey; The Call of the Wild, a 1993 American TV film starring Rick Schroder; and Call of the Wild (TV series), a 2000 adventure series on Animal Planet.

48.7.2 References

[1] The pronunciation /ˈbɜrnərd/ is chiefly British and the pronunciation /bərˈnɑrd/ is chiefly North American.

[2] “Australian National Kennel Council”. Ankc.org.au. 2011-12-15. Retrieved 2011-12-19.

[3] “Breeds nomenclature” (PDF). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Retrieved 2014-01-15.

[4] St. Bernard, Vertebrate Animals Department, Naturhistoriches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, archived from the orig- inal on 2 September 2011, retrieved 10 October 2014

[5] “The Legendary Barry at the Natural History Museum”. Natural History Museum of Bern. Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgermendiz Bern. Retrieved March 20, 2011.

[6] Blumberg, Jess (January 1, 2008). “A Brief History of the St. Bernard Rescue Dog: The canine's evolution from hospice hound to household companion”. Smithsonian magazine. Retrieved June 12, 2011.

[7] “The Newfoundland”. Dog Owners Guide. Retrieved June 13, 2011.

[8] Clark, Anne Rogers; Andrew H. Brace (1995). The International Encyclopedia of Dogs. Howell Book House. pp. 381– 383. ISBN 0-87605-624-9. 48.8. EXTERNAL LINKS 229

[9] “Dogs Learn by Modeling the Behavior of Other Dogs”.

[10] “Dog Owner's Guide Profile: The St. Bernard”. Canismajor.com. Retrieved 2011-12-19.

[11] “The History of the Mastiff ̶English Mastiff ̶dog of dogs”. Webbusiness.no. Retrieved 2011-12-19.

[12] Bech-Nielsen; S.; Haskins; M. E. et al. (1978). “Frequency of osteosarcoma among first-degree relatives of St. Bernard dogs”. J Natl Cancer Inst 60 (2): 349–53. PMID 271748.

[13] “Breed Information”. The English Saint Bernard Club. Retrieved 28 March 2012.

[14] “Breeder Advertisements”. Saint Bernard Club of America. Retrieved 28 March 2012.

[15] Cassidy, Kelly M. (February 1, 2008). “Breed Longevity Data”. Dog Longevity. Retrieved September 18, 2012.

[16] Proschowsky, H. F.; Rugbjerg, H.; Ersbøll, A. K. R. (2003). “Mortality of purebred and mixed-breed dogs in Denmark” . Preventive Veterinary Medicine 58 (1–2): 63–74. doi:10.1016/S0167-5877(03)00010-2. PMID 12628771.

[17] “Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for the St Bernard breed”(PDF). Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee. Retrieved 28 March 2012.

[18] Ekenstedt, Kari J.; Becker, Doreen; Minor, Katie M.; Shelton, G. Diane; Patterson, Edward E.; Bley, Tim; Oevermann, Anna; Bilzer, Thomas; Leeb, Tosso; Drögemüller, Cord; Mickelson, James R. (October 2, 2014). “An ARHGEF10 Deletion Is Highly Associated with a Juvenile-Onset Inherited Polyneuropathy in Leonberger and Saint Bernard Dogs”. PLOS Genetics (PLOS). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004635. Retrieved 13 March 2015.

[19] Stenmark, Betty-Anne. A New Owner's Guide to Saint Bernards. New Jersey, U.S.A.: T.F.H. pp. 23–25. ISBN 0-7938- 2810-4.

[20] Walker, Joan Hustace (1998). Saint Bernards A Complete Pet Owner's Manual. Hong Kong: Barrons. pp. 14–22. ISBN 0-7641-0288-5.

[21] “A Large St. Bernard Dog Killed”. The New York Times. December 31, 1895.

[22] “Dogs from Our Past”. Schwarzwald Hof Kennels. Retrieved June 3, 2011.

[23] Legend of the St. Bernard Barrel/

[24] Pickow, George (1957).“The Great St. Bernard Hospice Today”(HTTP). National Geographic, January 1957. Retrieved January 26, 2006.

[25] McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino; Gardner, Joseph Sammartino (2003). Wilbur & Orville Wright: taking flight. Min- neapolis, MN: Carolrhoda,Inc. p. 103. ISBN 1-57505-443-4. Retrieved 6 January 2012.

48.8 External links

• St. Bernard at DMOZ Chapter 49

St. John's water dog

The St. John's water dog, also known as the St. John’s dog or the lesser Newfoundland, was a landrace (naturally occurring breed) of domestic dog from Newfoundland. Little is known of the types that went into its genetic makeup, although it was probably a random-bred mix of old English, Irish and Portuguese working dogs. The number of St. John's water dogs started declining by the start of the 20th century. By the early 1980s, the variety was extinct.

49.1 History

The St. John's water dog was the ancestor of the modern retrievers, including the Flat Coated Retriever, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, the Golden Retriever, and the Labrador Retriever. The St. Johnʼs dog was also an ancestor to the large and gentle Newfoundland dog, probably through breeding with mastiffs brought to the island by the generations of Portuguese fishermen who had been fishing offshore since the 15th century. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, St. John's dogs were exported from Newfoundland to England. These dogs were cross bred with other dogs to create the retrievers.

49.2 Appearance and characteristics

St. John's dogs were medium-sized, strong, and stocky – more closely resembling modern English Labradors than American Labs. They had characteristic white patches on the chest, chin, feet, and muzzle. This colouration occa- sionally manifests in modern labs as a small white chest patch – known as a “medallion”– or as a few stray white hairs on the feet. The classic tuxedo markings of the St. John's dog commonly manifest in Lab mixes. Writings as early as the 17th century mention hardy medium-sized black dogs that accompanied Newfoundland fishermen in their boats, and retrieved distant lines or nets of fish, hauling them back to the boat. The dogs were described as having a short thick coat, rudder-like tail, high endurance, and a great love of swimming. In his book Excursions In and About Newfoundland During the Years 1839 and 1840 Vol. 1,*[1] the geologist Joseph Beete Jukes describes the St. John's water dog with both bemusement and admiration: “A thin, short-haired, black dog came off-shore to us to-day. The animal was of a breed very different from what we understand by the term Newfoundland dog in England. He had a thin, tapering snout, a long thin tail, and rather thin, but powerful legs, with a lank body, – the hair short and smooth.”wrote Jukes. “These are the most abundant dogs in the country...They are no means handsome, but are generally more intelligent and useful than the others... I observed he once or twice put his foot in the water and paddled it about. This foot was white, and Harvey said he did it to 'toil' or entice the fish. The whole proceeding struck me as remarkable, more especially as they said he had never been taught anything of the kind.”

230 49.3. EXTINCTION 231

49.3 Extinction

The St. John's dog was made extinct in its homeland by a combination of two factors. In an attempt to encourage sheep raising, heavy restrictions and taxes were placed on dog ownership during the 19th century. Also their main overseas destination, the UK, imposed rigorous long-term quarantine on all imported animals, especially dogs (1885) as part of the eradication of rabies. However, in both Newfoundland and the Maritime provinces, there are still large black mixed-breed dogs with many characteristics of the original St. John's dog. The last two known St. John's dogs were photographed in the early 1980s (in old age) having survived in a “very remote area”,*[2] but both were male, bringing the St. John's water dog to an end. In the 1970s, Canadian author Farley Mowat had tried to save them by crossing his St. John's, named “Albert”, with a Labrador. Four puppies resulted, and all had the distinctive white markings of their sire. Two puppies died, the other two were given away. One was given to Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau and the other to Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin.*[3] In 1970, Mowat and Albert appeared in an episode of the CBC series Telescope. The episode includes Mowat telling a bedtime story to his dog.*[4]

49.4 References

[1] Jukes, Joseph Beete. Excursions In and About Newfoundland During the Years 1839 and 1840. Vol. 1. (London, 1842),

[2] Photos here . They are also published in Richard Wolters' book The Labrador Retriever according to that site.

[3] Boyle, Robert H (1975-01-06). “An Old Dog, New Chic”. Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2012-12-28.

[4] “CBC Digital Archives”. 232 CHAPTER 49. ST. JOHN'S WATER DOG

Modern-day Labrador mixes, such as this one from Atlantic Canada, may show their genetic ancestry through the manifestation of the tuxedo coat pattern of the St. John's dog. 49.4. REFERENCES 233

Newfoundland outport fisherman with his young St. John's water dog, photographed 1971 in La Poile, Newfoundland. 234 CHAPTER 49. ST. JOHN'S WATER DOG

The roadless outport community of La Poile, Newfoundland was probably the final habitat of the now-extinct landrace. Chapter 50

Stabyhoun

The Stabyhoun or Stabij is one of the top five rarest dog breeds in the world as of 2013.*[1] It is from Friesland and in particular from the Frisian forest area, a region in the southeast and east of Friesland. The breed has been mentioned in Dutch literature going back to the early 1800s, but has only extended its range from the 1960s outside of Friesland and not until the 2000s did the range officially extended beyond the Netherlands. The name Stabij translates roughly as “stand by me”with the last part simply Frisian, meaning dog, which is pronounced “hoon”. The dog is considered a Dutch national treasure. There are only a few thousand Stabyhouns in existence today worldwide.

50.1 History

50.1.1 Origins

Two rare Frisian breeds mixed, a Wetterhoun/Stabyhoun

235 236 CHAPTER 50. STABYHOUN

The Stabyhoun is found in historic literature from Joost Halbertsma, Waling Dijkstra and Nynke fan Hichtum dating back to the early 1800s. In earlier days it was used for hunting foxes, small game, and birds. While on farms, Staby- houns exhibited fine skills as a mole-catcher. During the hunting season, it was used as an all-round gundog. Today, the Stabyhoun remains a competent hunter, although British and German breeds are more popular. Renowned for its peaceful disposition, the Stabij is a soft-mouthed retriever, a fine pointer, excellent tracker, and a good watchdog. It has also been used by dairy farmers as a dog-carts. Historically, these dogs were nearly exclusively owned by farmers, whose limited financial means dictated the need for a single farm dog capable as an all-around working, hunting, guard and house breed. The breed's appearance and purpose have not changed. In order to optimize the working traits of the working farm dog in earlier days the Stabyhoun was often mixed with another old and rare Friesian breed, the Wetterhoun. However, in 1942 Stabij owners organized for official breed recognition and crossbreeding between the Stabyhoun and Wetterhoun was halted in an effort to prevent the extinction of the increasingly rare breeds.

Crossbred dog with a Stabyhoun mother and a Labrador father

In recent years some Dutch farmers started to crossbreed the Stabyhoun with the Labrador as these breeds are similar in physique, temperament and behavior. The crossbred puppies mostly resemble Labradors. Unlike Labradors, the crossbred dogs may have tuxedo markings and they may be more stubborn and slightly smaller than Labradors. Today the Stabyhoun enjoys a small but thoroughly devoted following among Dutch sportsmen and homeowners. Its numbers are increasing slowly but steadily. This breed has caught the attention of dog lovers in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia and North America.

50.1.2 The working Stabyhoun

Historically, the Stabyhoun was an all-around working dog for a farmer that might be only able to afford and support a single dog that was required to be an all-around able worker that shared the home. Apart from hunting, these dogs were used to guard property and to catch rats, moles, and bunzing. This versatility is still reflected in the breed today. It is also this lack of a working specialization, the Stabij's generalization an all-rounder but not an expert at any particular skill that caused the breed to not be as sought-after traditionally. The Stabyhoun is both a soft-mouthed retriever and a pointer with a strong tracking nose. It works very well on water, enduring the coldest rivers and lakes, and is easily controlled over greater distances. It brings in any game alive and undamaged. Although of medium build and size, it is a powerful and sturdy dog, and larger Stabyhouns of the past 50.2. DESCRIPTION 237 were occasionally used as draught animals to pull dog-carts . The Stabyhoun is now used in almost all types of dog trials and activities: dog agility, obedience, hunting, triathlon, endurance, frisbee, and others.

50.2 Description

50.2.1 Temperament

A Stabyhoun lying in the grass

The Stabyhoun has a gentle disposition. This breed is friendly, sensitive, intelligent, peaceful, patient, and willing to please, but may be stubborn on occasion. The Stabyhoun exhibits great tolerance of children and other animals. With steady yet gentle training, this breed will be obedient and devoted to its owner. Stabyhouns should never be vicious or snappy. Although a Stabyhoun can be very calm indoors, like all sporting breeds it enjoys plenty of physical activity. Staby- houns like to swim.

50.2.2 Appearance

A sturdily built silky coated breed, the Stabyhoun is greater in length than height. It should be of good physical scale and balance and neither muscular nor slender in build.

Coat

Most Stabyhouns have a black and white colored coat. Brown and white Stabyhouns are less common, but may be seen in the Netherlands, while the orange and white coated Stabyhouns are becoming increasingly rare.*[2] 238 CHAPTER 50. STABYHOUN

A 12-week-old Stabyhoun

Spotting and/or roan in the white are acceptable, but tricolor is considered a fault. Males are 53 cm (21 in) and females are 50 cm (20 in), measured at the withers. The ideal weight of a Stabyhoun is 45 lb (20 kg) for a female and 50–55 lb (23–25 kg) for a male.

Head

The head should show more length than width, with the skull and foreface equally long. The hair on the head is short. The skull should be slightly domed, but not narrow, and may never give the impression of being wide. The head is carried low on a strong, slightly arched neck. The stop is only slightly indicated. The foreface is powerful, tapering gently toward the nose without giving the appearance of a point. The bridge is straight and the muzzle is broad with a nose that is well developed and has wide nostrils. Lips are tight and cover the teeth, which are strong and have a scissor bite. The neck should be free of throatiness or dewlap. The expression of the face should always be gentle and intelligent. The ears are set fairly low, medium in size, and are strongly developed. The ears project from the head, and are moderately long and shaped like a mason's trowel. Feathering on the ears is typical, with hair growing longer at the base of the ear and steadily decreasing in length. The bottom-most third of the ear is covered with short hair. The eyes should lie level in the head, and be of medium size with tight rounded lids. There should not be the appearance of haw or a third eyelid. Dogs with black and white coats should have dark brown eyes, while brown and white Stabyhouns may have brown- or orange-colored eyes. Bird of prey eyes are considered to be a fault.

Body

The Stabyhoun's coat is long and sleek. Although a slight wave over the croup is permissible, it should never be curly. The hair behind a Stabyhoun's front and rear quarters is longer and fuller, but should never feather. Any curling of the coat suggests that cross-breeding has occurred in a dog's line, and for this reason cannot be considered a purebred Stabyhoun. 50.3. HEALTH 239

A young Stabyhoun pup

A Stabyhoun's body should be powerful with well-rounded ribs. Its back is straight with the croup sloping slightly. The loin is powerful, and the belly is only moderately tucked up. The tail is long, reaching to the hock. It is set low and carried downwards with a gentle bend upwards toward the tip of the tail. In action, the tail is lifted, but never so as to curl. Like the hair behind a Stabyhoun's front and rear quarters, the tail hair should be long, full, and bushy. However, the tail hair should not feather. The shoulder is well laid against the chest, the blades well laid back and angulated. The lower forequarters should be powerful and straight, likewise the forelegs straight. A Stabyhoun's pasterns should be strong. The hindquarters are powerful and well angulated with a low placed hock. The feet should be round and rather big, with toes that are well developed and arched. A Stabyhoun should have thick pads.

50.3 Health

The average life span of a Stabyhoun is 13–14 years.*[2] The Stabyhoun is a healthy dog. In the past the breed experienced some congenital issues, but with careful breeding, most of these problems were eliminated. Epilepsy occurred in the past, but is no longer a common genetic inheritance.

50.3.1 Care

The Stabyhoun does not require special care apart from regular brushing to minimize tangling. The dogs moult (shed) twice a year, and thorough brushing helps the process of shedding. Without brushing, Stabyhoun hair can get tangled and matted in the manner of dreadlocks. The hair behind the ears is particularly susceptible to tangling and matting. Washing with soap should be avoided when possible because soap strips the coat of its natural oils and shine. The 240 CHAPTER 50. STABYHOUN

Close-up of a stabyhoun.

Stabyhoun coat will naturally rid itself of dirt and mud. After a swim the dog is usually clean and dry in a matter of hours.

50.3.2 Breeding

Due to the limited size of the Stabyhoun population, careful breeding is essential. The Dutch Association for Staby- houns and Wetterhouns has breed advisors. In an effort to prevent inbreeding, the Association keeps breeding at a minimum and carefully considers prospective matings. Despite there being small populations of Stabyhouns out- side of the Netherlands, the breeding stock is small and the greatest genetic diversity remains in the Netherlands. Since Stabyhouns are viewed as part of the Dutch national heritage, breeders keep puppy and dog prices affordable; Stabyhoun breeders are commonly hobby breeders as a result. The average Stabyhoun litter size is seven. Bitches are limited to delivering no more than 5 litters in their lifetime. The bitch may only reproduce when she reaches a minimum age of 18 months, and cannot breed once she reaches the age of 9. At least one year should elapse between litters. The hips of prospective mating pair have to be x-rayed (not over FCI-C result), and the match between bitch and stud has to be approved by the Dutch Club's breeding committee. A stud must be 18 months of age or older to breed, and it must have with the same show and hip results as its female mate. A single pair of Stabyhouns may not produce over 8 litters in their lifetime. Stud dogs should not sire more than three litters a year. Stud-owners are expected to appear on breeders' days so that the dogs may be evaluated and paired with potentially suitable mates. 50.4. FURTHER READING 241

A Stabyhoun with 11 puppies

50.4 Further reading

Not many translated books exist on the Stabyhoun. The UK Stabyhoun Association offers more information in English.

50.5 References

[1] http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2416060/Now-thats-baby-boom-Just-litter-10-rare-Stabyhoun-puppies-DOUBLED-British-population-breed. html

[2] “Stabyhoun: Did You Know”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 2 August 2014.

50.6 External links

• UK Stabyhoun Association (United Kingdom) • Nederlandse Vereniging voor staby-en wetterhounen (Dutch association for staby-and wetterhounen). This is the official contact for the association on the Stabyhoun. • Ameri-Can Stabyhoun Association website (U.S. and Canada)

• U.S. web site • Dutch kennel, site with English content Chapter 51

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

The Staffordshire Bull Terrier (informally: Staffie, Stafford, Staffy or Staff) is a medium-sized, short-coated breed of dog.*[2] It is an English dog, the fifth most popular breed, and related to the bull terrier. Descended from bull baiting ancestors, it is muscular and loyal.

51.1 Description

51.1.1 Appearance

The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is a medium-sized, stocky, and very muscular dog, with a similar appearance to the much larger American Staffordshire Terrier and American Pit Bull Terrier, the latter of which has much longer legs and outweighs the Staffie Bull by approximately 14 kg (30 lbs.) It has a broad wedge shaped head (male considerably more so than female), defined occipital muscles, a relatively short fore-face, dark round eyes and a wide mouth with a clean scissor-like bite (the top incisors slightly overlap the bottom incisors). The ears are small. The cheek muscles are very pronounced. The lips show no looseness. The teeth form a scissors bite. The head tapers down to a strong well-muscled neck and shoulders placed on squarely spaced forelimbs. They are tucked up in their loins and the last 1-2 ribs of the rib-cage are usually visible. The tail resembles an old fashioned pump handle. The hind quarters are well-muscled and are what give the Stafford drive when baiting. They are coloured brindle, black, red, fawn, blue, white, or any blending of these colours with white. White with any other colour broken up over the body is known as pied. Liver-coloured, black and tan dogs can occur but are rare and it is advised not to breed from either as well as those with light eyes. The exception to the light eye rule are Blue staffies; all others should have dark brown eyes even if fawn coat. The coat is smooth and clings tightly to the body giving the dog a streamlined appearance. The dogs stand 36 to 41 cm (14 to 16 in) at the withers and weigh 13 to 17 kg (29 to 37 lb) for males; females are 11 to 15.4 kg (24 to 34 lb).*[3]

• A brindle Staffy portrait.

• The coat is smooth and clings tightly to the body giving the dog a streamlined appearance.

• The lips show no looseness.

• Liver-coloured, black and tan dogs can occur but are rare.

51.1.2 Temperament

Although individual differences in personality exist, common traits exist throughout the Staffords. Due to its breeding, and history, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier is known for its character of fearlessness and loyalty.*[4] This, coupled with its affection for its friends, its off-duty quietness and trustworthy stability, make it a foremost all-purpose dog.*[5] The breed is naturally muscular and may appear intimidating; however, because of their natural fondness for people, most Staffords are temperamentally ill-suited for guard or attack-dog training. Staffordshire Bull Terrier puppies are very easy to house train.*[6]

242 51.2. HISTORY 243

51.1.3 Affinity with people

A young white Staffie at home.

Staffordshire Bull Terriers are friendly, enthusiastic and usually extremely affectionate*[7] towards humans. They express their affection through jumping up, nuzzling, licking*[8] and pawing, and even when trained can still be 'fussy' with owners and others. Staffordshires are perhaps not suitable pets for those who prefer more reserved dogs. Staffordshires are notably adaptable in terms of changing home or even owners, and unfortunately this can make them easy prey for dognappers.*[9] RSPCA chief vet Mark Evans said: “Staffies have had a terrible press, but this is not of their own making̶in fact they're wonderful dogs. If people think that Staffies have problems, they're looking at the wrong end of the dog lead! When well cared for and properly trained they can make brilliant companions. Our experience suggests that problems occur when bad owners exploit the Staffie's desire to please by training them to show aggression.”*[10]

51.1.4 Breed-specific legislation

Main articles: Breed-specific legislation and Pit Bull

The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is subject to breed-specific legislation in various countries, which ban members of the Bull and Terrier family.*[11]

51.2 History

Before the 19th century, bloodsports such as bull baiting, bear baiting and cock fighting were common. Bulls brought to market were set upon by dogs as a way of tenderizing the meat and providing entertainment for the spectators; and dog fights with bears, bulls and other animals were often organised as entertainment for both royalty and commoners. 244 CHAPTER 51. STAFFORDSHIRE BULL TERRIER

As time went on the modern Staffordshire Bull Terrier breed has become one with a temperament suitable for a pet and companion.

Early Bull and Terriers were not bred to resemble the companion animals of today, but for the characteristic known as gameness, with the pitting of dogs against bear or bull and exotic animals testing this attribute along with the strength and skill of the dog. Landrace working dogs crossbred with bulldogs provided the ancestral foundation stock for the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, the Bull Terrier, the American Pit Bull Terrier and American Staffordshire Terrier. This ancestor is traditionally known as a“Bull Terrier”, believed to be around 200 years old by the time of the early 21st century, and is rather a class of races than a particular breed. These bloodsports were officially eliminated in 1835 as Britain began to introduce animal welfare laws. Since dogfights were cheaper to organise and far easier to conceal from the law than bull or bear baits, bloodsport proponents turned to pitting their dogs against each other instead. Dog fighting was used as both a bloodsport (often involving gambling) and a way to continue to test the quality of their stock. For decades afterward, dog fighting clandestinely took place in pockets of Britain and America. Dogs were released into a pit, and the last dog still fighting (or occasionally, the last dog surviving) was recognised as the winner. The quality of pluckiness or “gameness”was still highly prized, and dogs that gave up during a fight were reviled as “curs.”Despite being trained to be aggressive towards fellow dogs, they had to be of good temperament with people as the handler would have to bring the dog back to scratch for each round. As time went on the modern breed has become one with a temperament suitable for a pet and companion. It gained respectability, becoming a dog worthy to show, and was accepted by The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom as the Staffordshire bull terrier in 1935.*[5] 51.3. BREEDING 245

51.3 Breeding

A puppy of the breed.

51.3.1 England

The breed attained recognition by the Kennel Club on 25 May 1935. The Staffordshire Bull Terrier Club was formed in June 1935, one month after the breed was recognised by the Kennel Club. It is unusual for a breed to be recognised without a club in existence first, and even more unusual for there not to have been a breed standard in place. A standard was not drawn up until June 1935 at the Old Cross Guns, a Black Country pub in Cradley Heath in the West Midlands. A group of 30 Stafford enthusiasts gathered there and devised the standard, as well as electing the club's first secretary, Joseph Dunn, a well-known figure connected with the breed. Challenge certificates were awarded to the breed in 1938, and the first champions were Ch. Gentleman Jim (bred by Joseph Dunn) and Ch. Lady Eve (owned by Joseph Dunn), both taking titles in 1939. During the 1980s owners started to breed from old British lines also importing Staffordshire Bull Terriers from Ireland which they believed to be truer to the original of the pre showing days. These dogs are often referred to as Irish Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Media reports often refer to this as a cover name for breeders to sell pitbulls illegally.*[12] The breed was recognised in the U.S. by the American Kennel Club in 1975.*[13]

51.4 Health

Staffordshire Bull Terriers are known to suffer from Hereditary Cataracts (HC) and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA)̶a metabolic disorder resulting in behavioural changes and dementia-like symptoms̶both of which are detectable via DNA tests.*[14] Distichiasis (commonly known as “double eyelash”) and Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (or PHPV)̶a condition whereby the blood supply to the ocular lens fails to regress and fibrovascular tissue forms causing hazy vision 246 CHAPTER 51. STAFFORDSHIRE BULL TERRIER

̶both of which are checked by way of an ocular examination throughout the life of a breeding stud or brood-bitch to minimise the transfer and spread of these conditions. The breed is known to be at a higher risk from mastocytoma (mast cell tumours) than the general population of dogs.*[15] A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan at 12.75 years.*[16] UK vet clinic data puts the median at 10.7 years.*[17]

51.5 See also

• American Staffordshire Terrier

• American Pit Bull Terrier

• Breed-specific legislation

• Blue Paul Terrier

• Pit bull

• Rat-baiting

• Jock of the Bushveld

51.6 References

[1] “Staffies campaign launched by Edinburgh Dog and Cat Home”. BBC News. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.

[2] “Breed Information Centre – Staffordshire Bull Terrier”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 13 Nov 2014.

[3] “Staffordshire Bull Terrier Breed Standard”. The Kennel Club. September 2000. Retrieved 17 May 2013.

[4] Nicholas, Anna Katherine (2001). Staffordshire Bull Terriers. TFH Publications. p. 30. ISBN 0-7938-2335-8.

[5] American Kennel Club. “AKC Staffordshire Bull Terrier Breed History”. www.akc.org. Retrieved 2008-07-29.

[6] “Breed Standard – Staffordshire Bull Terrier – Terrier”. NZKC. Retrieved 13 Nov 2014.

[7] American Staffordshire Terrier, Meet the Breeds, American Kennel Club (AKC)

[8] "'Soft' Staffies sent to dog home”. BBC News. 18 January 2005.

[9] Lee, Clare (1 January 1998). The Pet Owner's Guide to the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Ringpress Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1- 86054-082-0.

[10] “K9 Magazine Article”. Dogmagazine.net. Retrieved 26 April 2011.

[11] Campbell, Dana (July–August 2009). “Pit Bull Bans: The State of Breed–Specific Legislation”. GP-Solo (American Bar Association) 26 (5). Retrieved July 30, 2009.

[12] (Staffordshire Bull Terriers..Tracy Libby..2007..Interpet Publishing)

[13] “American Kennel Club – Staffordshire Bull Terrier”. www.akc.org. Retrieved 16 February 2010.

[14] “Currently Available DNA Tests”. Caninegeneticdiseases.net. Retrieved 25 December 2008.

[15] “Percentage of deaths due to cancer suffered by dogs of different breeds compared with the percentage of the breed in the survey population (adapted from Michell, 1999)". Vetstreamcanis.co.uk. Retrieved 25 December 2008.

[16] “Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey”.

[17] oʼNeill, D. G.; Church, D. B.; McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Brodbelt, D. C. (2013). “Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England”. The Veterinary Journal. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020. 51.7. EXTERNAL LINKS 247

51.7 External links

• Staffordshire Bull Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 52

Stephens Cur

The Stephens Cur (aka Stephens' Stock Cur), is a scent hound that belongs to the Cur dog breed. They were originally bred by the Stephens family in southeastern Kentucky. The dogs known as “Little black dog”were bred by generations of that family for over a century. In 1970, they were recognized as separate and distinct breed of Cur. The dog is mostly black with white markings, but more than a third white is not permissible. It's good for hunting raccoon and squirrel, but can also be used to bay wild boars. They are registered with the United Kennel Club*[1]

52.1 History

Hundreds of years ago, the term“cur”referred to dogs of mixed ancestry, but it came to be used for a working type of dog in the Southern United States. The dogs that came to be known as Mountain Curs were used by early settlers for hunting and as guard dogs in Virginia, Tennessee and Kentucky.*[2] By the 1940s, the Mountain Cur was close to extinction. Four breeders started programs to save the breed: Hugh Stephens of Kentucky, Carl McConnel of Virginia, Woody Huntsman of Kentucky and Dewey Ledbetter of Ten- nessee. They founded the Mountain Cur Club, later renamed the Original Mountain Cur Breeders Association (OM- CBA),*[3] and continued the breeding of Mountain Cur strains. The Treeing Cur and the Mountain View Cur were developed from these strains.*[2] The Stephens' Stock Mountain Cur was identified in 1970 by its namesake Hugh Stephens who believed it was different enough from the original strains of Mountain Cur, and so the Stephen's Breeders Association (SBA) was formed.*[3] Starting 1 November 1998, the breed is now recognized by the United Kennel Club.*[2]

52.2 Description

A Stephens Cur is usually dark grey or black with white markings on the chest, neck and feet.*[4] The breed has a dome shaped head with a short muzzle and brown or dark colored eyes. They have a deep broad chest, medium length neck and have either a smooth or rough coat.*[5] They are a medium-sized dog, with Mountain Cur and Blackmouth Cur being larger varieties of Cur type dogs,*[4] the Stephens' Breeders Association standard requires the dogs to be between 16–23 inches (41–58 cm) in height and no heavier than 55 pounds (25 kg).*[5]

52.3 References

[1] .Official U.K.C. Breed Standard for Stephens' Cur

[2] “Stephens Cur Information”. Sarah's Dogs. Retrieved 30 October 2010.

[3] “History of the Mountain Cur”. United Mountain Cur Association. Retrieved 31 October 2010.

248 52.3. REFERENCES 249

[4] Smith, Steve (2002). The Encyclopedia of North American Sporting Dogs: Written by Sportsmen for Sportsmen. Willow Creek Press. p. 222.

[5] “Breed Standard”. Stephens' Breeders Association. Retrieved 31 October 2010. Chapter 53

Styrian Coarse-haired Hound

The Styrian Coarse-haired Hound (FCI No. 62), (German: Steirische Rauhhaarbracke) is a breed of medium-sized hound dog originated in the Austrian province of Styria. It is bred as a scenthound, for hunting boar in mountainous terrain. The breed is one of the large Austrian Bracke.

53.1 Appearance

The Styrian Coarse-haired Hound is a medium-sized hound, with height at the withers of 45–53 cm (17.5–21 in), and weight between 15–18 kg (33-40 lbs) with a well muscled body and a serious expression.*[1] The breed name refers to the coat, which is harsh and rough (although not shaggy). Coat colours are red and fawn; a white mark on the chest may be present. The breed tolerates extremes of temperature well, and has remained a healthy breed through “refresher breeding”(Auffrischungszucht, outcrossing).*[2]

53.2 History

The breed was created in the 1870s by Karl Peintinger, an industrialist from Styria.*[3] Peintinger crossed his“Hela 1”, from an old type of Hanoverian scent hound, with an Istrian Hound, and continued selective breeding until a rough-coated, hardy hunting dog was achieved.*[1] The breed is used by Austrians and Slovenians to hunt wild boar. It can also be used to track wounded animals through rough terrain and in high altitudes. As with many breeds bred for work, they are not generally kept as a companion dog and do not make good pets; they require a lot of space and exercise, and can be dominant and destructive.

53.3 Recognition

The Styrian Coarse-haired Hound is sometimes called the Peintinger Bracke after the creator of the breed in the 1870s. The breed was first recognised in 1889.*[3] It is recognised in its home country by the Österreichische Kynologenverband (Austrian Kennel Club) and internationally by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as a medium-sized scenthound, breed number 62. The breed is also recognised in North America by the United Kennel Club in the Scenthound Group. In Austria, breeding is overseen and hunt testing done by the Österreichischer Verein Brack (hunt club).*[4] The breed may also be listed by various minor kennel clubs and organisations under its original name, the English translation, alternate names, or various combinations of those, and promoted as a rare breed for those seeking an unusual pet.

250 53.4. RELATED BREEDS 251

53.4 Related breeds

The Brandlbracke (Australian Short Haired Bracke, or Vieräugl) (FCI 63), and the Tiroler Bracke (FCI 68) are short-haired breeds of large Austrian Bracke, descended from the same ancient types of hounds.

53.5 See also

• Scenthound Group

• History of Styria

53.6 References

[1] Breed Standard

[2] (German) Steirische Rauhhaarbracke

[3] Clark, Anne Rogers; Andrew H. Brace (1995). The International Encyclopedia of Dogs. Howell Book House. pp. 96, 97. ISBN 0-87605-624-9.

[4] (German) Breeding and hunt tests information

53.7 External links

• http://www.dmoz.org/Recreation/Pets/Dogs/Breeds Search the Open Directory Project (DMOZ) links for clubs and information for the Steirische Rauhhaarbracke Chapter 54

Sussex Spaniel

The Sussex Spaniel is a breed of dog developed in Sussex in southern England. It is a low, compact spaniel and is similar in appearance to the Clumber Spaniel. They can be slow paced, but can have a clownish and energetic temperament. They suffer from health conditions common to spaniels and some large dogs, as well as a specific range of heart conditions and spinal disc herniation. First bred in 1795 in Hastings, East Sussex for specific hunting conditions, they nearly became extinct during the Second World War. They are now more popular in the United States than any other country and are recognised by all major kennel clubs. Notably, a Sussex Spaniel won the best in show in 2009 at the 133rd Westminster Kennel Club.

54.1 Description

A Sussex Spaniel winning best in show at the 2009 Westminster Kennel Club show

The Sussex Spaniel is a low compact spaniel similar in appearance to a small, dark Clumber Spaniel. It is normally no taller than 13–15 in (33–38 cm) at the withers and the usual weight range is 35–45 lb (16–20 kg) with a roughly rectangular appearance.*[1] The Clumber Spaniel meanwhile is normally between 17–20 in (43–51 cm) high at the shoulder, and weighing 55–85 lb (25–39 kg).*[2]

252 54.2. TEMPERAMENT 253

One of the noticeable features is their golden liver-coloured coat which is unique to the breed.*[3] Historically how- ever, there have also been examples of both black and sandy coloured Sussex Spaniels.*[4] The coat is thick (some- times with a slight wave to it), feathering on the chest, legs and ears*[1] and consists of a weather resistant undercoat with a silky outer coat.*[5] The eyes are hazel in colour. The silky ears are lobe-shaped typical of the Spaniel, and set moderately low.*[5]*[6] The Sussex is a short, stocky kind of dog.

54.2 Temperament

The Sussex Spaniel is a slow paced, calm breed with somewhat clownish behaviour that normally keeps his energy and enthusiasm in check. He is always eager to be around people, is excellent around children, and can be quite protective of the family. They make excellent candidates for therapy dog work. Most Sussex Spaniels are primarily family pets, but they are competent enough to aid a hunter though quite stubborn to train. They tend to have a natural ability to quarter in the field, have excellent noses, and can be used to retrieve, given training. The breed is the only spaniel to howl once a game's scent is picked up.*[1]

54.3 Health

Sussex Spaniel

The breed is generally healthy with an average life span of 11 to 12 years.*[5] Hip dysplasia, a genetic malformation of the hip joint, may be a concern but because of the breed's compact nature is not often seriously debilitating.*[7]*[8] Surveys conducted by the Orthopedic Foundation For Animals showed that 41.5% of Sussex Spaniels were affected by hip dysplasia, and the breed was ranked 9th worst affected out of 157 breeds.*[9] Another common condition is otitis externa (outer ear infections), which is common to a variety of spaniels, as the long floppy ears trap moisture, making them more prone to recurrent infections than dogs with more upright ears. The infections can be caused by a variety of reasons including mites, ear fungi and generally dirt and germs. Treatment is relatively simple and can range from prescribed antibiotics to over-the-counter ear cleaning liquids.*[10] 254 CHAPTER 54. SUSSEX SPANIEL

Whelping sometimes presents difficulties and require caesarean section for successful delivery of the puppies.*[7]

A drawing of two Sussex Spaniels from 1859

Heart conditions in the Sussex Spaniel can include pulmonary valve stenosis, which is the most common of the congenital heart defects. Essentially, in an animal with this condition, the pulmonary valve is improperly formed which causes the heart to work much faster to pump blood around the body. The final results of this condition can be swelling of fluid in the chambers of the heart, thickening of the heart muscle known as ventricular hypertrophy leading to eventual heart failure.*[7]*[11] Patent ductus arteriosus also appears in the breed.*[7] It is a condition where a small blood vessel connecting two major arteries does not close following birth. It can cause complications as it is positioned to allow the blood flow to bypass the lungs. It also appears in American Staffordshire Terriers.*[12] A heart condition uncommon to the breed is tetralogy of Fallot, which is more common in the Keeshond and English Bulldog breeds relatively. It is actually a combination of up to four conditions, including the previously mentioned pulmonary valve stenosis, with a secondary condition of right ventricular hypertrophy. The other conditions are ventricular septal defect which is a defect or hole in the wall of the heart between the two ventricles and the aorta which carries the blood from the left to the right side of the heart can be mis-positioned. The effect on the dog depends on the severity of the condition, and can range from a heart murmur through to reduced activity levels to death. Symptoms in puppies are generally a failure to grow and a reduced tolerance for exercise. Active treatment is effective in around 50% of cases.*[7]*[13] 54.4. HISTORY 255

54.3.1 Intervertebral disc syndrome

Also commonly called spinal disc herniation, this is where the intervertebral disc bulges or ruptures into the vertebral canal where the spinal cord resides. When the cord is compressed, the dog can experience symptoms ranging in scope from mild back or neck pain to paralysis of limbs, loss of sensation, and loss of bladder or bowel control. It is most commonly seen in the mid-back area, but can occur anywhere along the spine. Mild cases that do not result in paralysis can be treated medically by confining the animal in a crate to restrict movement to a minimum for several weeks, which can be accompanied by pain medication. Surgery can restore sensation to a dog's legs following paralysis but the success rate depends on how severe the herniation was.*[7]*[14]

54.4 History

Sussex Spaniel circa 1915

In 1795, Mr. Fuller of Rosehill Park, Hastings in East Sussex, England began breeding gun dogs to work in districts where the terrain was rough and the undergrowth very dense which meant that a spaniel was needed which could give tongue or to alert the hunter on his quarry. Fuller crossed various breeds such as the liver and white Norfolk Spaniel (now extinct), the Field Spaniel, and possibly some early English Springer Spaniels. The Sussex was bred specifically to inherit the barking ability that was not common in most Spaniel breeds during this era.*[15] The Sussex Spaniel was one of the first ten breeds admitted into the stud book by the American Kennel Club in 1884,*[6] but lost what little popularity it had achieved in the 1940s. During World War II, breeding was discouraged but the Sussex saved from extinction by English breeder Joy Freer. All modern Sussex Spaniels are descended from the dogs she saved.*[16] In 1947, only ten Sussex Spaniels were registered in the English Kennel Club.*[15] In 2004 the breed was identified as a vulnerable native breed by Kennel Club of Great Britain which are described as having annual registration figures of less than 300 per year. In 2008, only 56 puppies were registered.*[16] In 2009 a Sussex Spaniel named "Clussexx Three D Grinchy Glee,”call name “Stump,”won best in show at the 133rd Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show. At 10 years old, Stump is the oldest dog to win this title.*[17] The breed is more popular in the United States than any other country.*[15] It is recognised by the Continental Kennel 256 CHAPTER 54. SUSSEX SPANIEL

Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, American Kennel Club, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Canadian Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, and the American Canine Registry.*[15]

54.5 References

[1] Smith, Steve (2002). The Encyclopedia of North American Sporting Dogs: Written by Sportsmen for Sportsmen. Willow Creek Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-57223-501-4.

[2] Smith, Steve (2002). The Encyclopedia of North American Sporting Dogs: Written by Sportsmen for Sportsmen. Willow Creek Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-57223-501-4.

[3] “Sussex Spaniel: AKC Breed Standard” (PDF). raritiesinc.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 27, 2007. Retrieved 2009-11-21.

[4] Lee, Rawdon B. (2008). A History And Description Of The Modern Dogs (Sporting Division) Of Great Britain And Ireland. Buchanan Press. pp. 453–459. ISBN 978-1-4437-5045-5.

[5] “Sussex Spaniel Information”. JustDogBreeds.com. Retrieved 2009-11-21.

[6] “AKC Meet the Breeds: Sussex Spaniel”. American Kennel Club. 1992-04-07. Retrieved 2009-11-21.

[7] “Sussex Spaniels: A Winning Breed in More Ways Than One”. VPI Pet HealthZone. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[8] Weston, Lee. “Medical Conditions Associated with the American Cocker Spaniel”. Bark Bytes. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[9] “Hip Dysplasia Statistics: Hip Dysplasia by Breed”. Ortheopedic Foundation for Animals. Archived from the original on 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2010-02-10.

[10] “Allergic Otitis-Ear Infections”. Petsdoc.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[11] “Pulmonic Stenosis: The Most Common Congenital Heart Defect”. TerrificPets.com. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[12] “The American Staffordshire Terrier and Congenital Heart Disease”. TerrificPets.com. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[13] “What is Tetralogy of Fallot?". Canine Inherited Disorders Database. 2001-10-30. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[14] Lundgren, Becky.“Intervertebral Disk Disease (Herniations of the Disk)". VeterinaryPartner.com. Retrieved 2009-11-21.

[15] “Sussex Spaniel Information”. Sarah's Dogs. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[16] “The History of The Sussex Spaniel”. Sussex Spaniel Association. Retrieved 2009-11-23.

[17] Johnston, Lauren (February 11, 2009). “10 fun facts about the Westminster dog show's 2009 winner: Stump the 10-year- old Sussex Spaniel”. New York Daily News. Retrieved 11 Nov 2014.

54.6 External links

• Sussex Spaniel Association

• Sussex Spaniel Club of America Chapter 55

Swedish Lapphund

The Swedish Lapphund is a breed of dog of the Spitz type from Sweden, one of three Lapphund breeds developed from a type of dog used by the Sami people for herding and guarding their reindeer. The expression “the black beauty of Norrland”is very often attributed to the Swedish lapphund, which is most likely one of Sweden's oldest breeds. The Swedish name of the breed is Svensk lapphund.

55.1 History

The Swedish lapphund has its origins among the ancient hunting tribes of northern Scandinavia, from the land that the Sámi people call Sapmi. One assumes that the lapphund followed the first Sámi, who migrated to Scandinavia in the neolithic era, about 9,000 BCE. In Sámi mythology it is said that the lapphund sought the post of worker amongst the Sámi people in exchange that it would always be well-treated. The lapphund has been used mainly for hunting and guarding, but studies have also shown that during the Stone Age, dogs were kept as pets. When the Sámi people started to keep domestic reindeer in the mid-18th century, the lapphund's repertoire was expanded to include herding. Historians and archaeologists have long agreed that the Swedish lapphund has an ancient ancestry̶a belief supported by the fossil record. Advancing gene technology has also shown that the breed is old and carries some genetic origins unique or very rare among currently existing breeds. Hard work in the barren landscape of northern Scandinavia has created a very resilient breed. The shifting climate demands a weatherproof coat that is easy to maintain. The rough terrain and the varied work demand a dog with endurance, agility, intelligence and independence. The resulting Swedish lapphund is a well-rounded working dog, well suited both for work as a farm, hunting, and herding dog, and as a pet.

55.2 Today

Like all spitz dogs in general, the Swedish lapphund demands a stable upbringing and both regular mental as physical stimulation to perform at its best. As a working dog they show their versatility in a number of different fields. Many compete with success in such widely different disciplines as obedience, dog agility trials, working contest, freestyle/heelwork to music, Rally obedience, and blood tracking. The Swedish Lapphund can also participate in herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Lapphunds exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[1] The breed also has a number of certificated search and rescue dogs and army dogs. The Swedish lapphund is also a very multifaceted hunting dog, mainly used for hunting elk and forest birds, but also deer, wild boar and bear. It is also a skilled tracking dog in searching for wounded or killed game. In addition to their versatility as working animals, the breed is also extremely popular as a competitive show dog.

257 258 CHAPTER 55. SWEDISH LAPPHUND

In Sweden dogs have their temperament tested by a system called mentalbeskrivning. Results for the Swedish lap- phund show a curious, intrepid, and friendly breed which is playful and non-aggressive. They are easily trained, strong, and very devoted to their family. Early training is essential to prevent excessive barking. The Swedish lapphund is a typical spitz. It is rectangularly built, slightly under medium size with a good carriage. It moves effortless with drive, light, springy and covering ground. Despite that they are gifted with a dense and long, shining coat, they are very easy to groom. Some brushings when the coat is shedding is enough to keep the coat in good condition.The special coat does not smell doggy and is cleans itself from dirt, so it requires little maintenance. The coat colour is black or bear brown, sometimes with white marks on tail, chest and feet. It has a profuse double coat with hair standing straight out from the body; undercoat is dense and very finely curled.

55.3 See also

• Finnish Lapphund

• Lapponian Herder

55.4 References

[1] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5. Chapter 56

Swedish Vallhund

The Swedish Vallhund called“Västgötaspets”in Swedish, after the Swedish county of Västergötland. The breed's name translates to:“Westerngothia Spitz Dog”. This dog breed is still very rare. It was saved from extinction during the 1940s. It is believed that the Swedish Vallhund originated during the age of Vikings, more than 1,000 years ago. It was developed for use as a drover and herder of cattle.*[1]

56.1 Etymology

Swedish Vallhund are athletic dogs. Dog competing in agility

The name vallhund is Swedish for herding/pasturing dog.

259 260 CHAPTER 56. SWEDISH VALLHUND

Swedish Vallhund born with a bobtail.

56.2 Description

Height for these dogs at withers: Males 33 cm (12.9 in). Females 31 cm (12.2 in). A variation of −1 up to +2 cm is permitted. Weight: No weight standard.*[2] They should be strong for their size and have a muscular body. They are quite a substantial dog, with short legs. A unique trait of the breed is that a certain percentage of the puppies will be born with a bobtail, regardless of their parents having tails or not. Some individuals have the traditional curly tail of the Spitz dogs, and some just have a very tiny stump.

56.2.1 Color and coat

The dog's coat should be short and harsh. The topcoat is close and tight and undercoat is soft and dense. The hair is short on the head and on the foreparts of the legs, while a little bit longer on the neck, chest and back parts of the hind legs. Colour vary from grey, greyish brown, greyish yellow or reddish brown with darker hairs on back, neck and sides of the body. Lighter hair in the same shade of colour as mentioned above can be seen on muzzle, throat, chest, belly, buttocks, feet and hocks. They have lighter markings on shoulders, also known as harness markings. Some dogs show white to a small extent as a narrow blaze, neckstop or slight necklace, as well as white markings on fore and hindlegs and on the chest. The maximum is 30% white.*[3]*[4]

Temperament

This breed makes a great companion and can also be used for herding and ratting. They love human attention and are very devoted to their owners. They are a clownish dog, and can be a show-off at times. The Swedish Vallhund is responsive and even-tempered with most people, but they can be wary of strangers and should be properly socialized and trained as a puppy as to avoid over-protective behavior as an adult. They are also known for heel nipping, due to their inbuilt herding traits. They will feel uneasy if their human family is spread out. This is a habit that can either be encouraged for working farm dogs or discouraged in companion pets. The Swedish Vallhund is a “big dog with short legs”and does not have the temperament of dwarf dog breeds. It is calm, balanced and intelligent. 56.3. HISTORY 261

Puppy

Health

The Swedish Vallhund is generally a healthy dog. Its small stature makes it often long lived. Its pointy ears mean that unlike dog breeds with long, hanging ears, ear problems are rare in the Swedish Vallhund. This breed does not do well in very hot climates, and as any pet, should never be left in a hot car. This breed does not do well in very deep snow because of their short legs. One thing to avoid with this breed is excessive jumping, which will put unnecessary strain on the dog's long back. They do not, however, suffer back problems to the same extent as other similarly built breeds.

Activities

The Vallhund can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, Rally obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Vallhunds that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[5]

56.3 History

The Swedish Vallhund is a very ancient national dog breed of Sweden and is often dated back to the 8th/9th century. It originated in the county of Västergötland, which lies just south of Sweden´s biggest lake Vänern. Here the small dog proved to be an excellent watch/guard and herding dog. They are known for their use in cow herding. These dogs temperament made them suitable as a working dogs and watch dogs. The breed followed the Viking settlement of England and is thought to have played a part in the modern Corgi and the Lancashire heeler. In turn, the Swedish Vallhund is related to larger spitz dogs and moose hunting dogs of Scandinavia. Large dogs of this spitz-type, have 262 CHAPTER 56. SWEDISH VALLHUND been found buried with their masters in stone-age settlements in Scandinavia. The Swedish Vallhund is also known as the Swedish cattle dogs.

56.4 Gallery

• Swedish Vallhund • Two dogs out in the woods

• Swedish Vallhund with long tail that is not curly • Swedish Vallhund in the lake, curly tail

56.5 References

[1] “Hundrasguiden/Svenska-raser” (PDF). www.skk.se.

[2] Breed Standard - Swedish Vallhund

[3] American Kennel Club - Swedish Vallhund

[4] Breed Standard - Swedish Vallhund

[5] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.

56.6 Further reading

• Serpell J., The Domestic Dog, Its Evolution. Behaviour and Interactions with People. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 1995.

• Hubbard Clifford. L B., Dogs in Britain; a Description of All Native Breeds and Most Foreign Breeds in Britain. London, MacMillan. 1948

• Swedish Kennel Clubs Magazines Special number:"Hundsport Special”5/86 • Gascoigne.Nicky., The Swedish Vallhund. Dalsetter Designs. Wakefield. UK. 1989

• Bayliss. J., A Study of the Swedish Vallhund (Västgötaspets) A Pictorial History - Owners' Hand Book. Eng. 2007.

• Darling, L., The Swedish Vallhund (Vastgotaspets): A legacy of the Vikings - Aus. 2005

56.7 External links

• Swedish Vallhund at DMOZ Chapter 57

Tahltan Bear Dog

The Tahltan Bear Dog was a breed of dog that was indigenous to Canada. This breed is believed to be extinct by most authorities.

57.1 Appearance

The Tahltan was built somewhere between the lines of the spitz and pariah types. The ideal dog was, above all else, athletic and agile As they were always bred solely for hunting value, appearance could vary significantly between dogs.

57.1.1 Coat and colour

A Tahltan Bear Dog was primarily black, dark brown or blue, with some white patches on the chest and sometimes the feet. Standing 14 to 17 inches high at the shoulder, with relatively large, erect pointed ears, with a refined, pointed muzzle. The glossy coat was of average length, with guard hairs covering a thicker undercoat. Paws some what webbed and relatively large for the size of the dog. They were also double jointed and gaited, enabling them to switch gaits as they moved through different terrain or heavy brush, as all the aboriginal dogs of the north and South American continents; were bred for their ability to change gaits to adapt to different terrains or distances Like others of their group, they had a peculiar yodel. Foxy in appearance, their main distinction among dogs is their novel tail. Short, bushy and carried erect, it has been described variously as a shaving brush or a whisk broom.

57.2 History

Raised by the Tahltan Natives to hunt bear, the Tahltan Bear Dog was a mighty power in a small package. Before a hunt, the dogs were ceremonially bled by stabbing them in the hindquarters with the fibula bone of a fox or wolf. The morning of the hunt, two dogs were carried in a sack over the Native's shoulder until fresh bear tracks were sighted. Upon release, these little dogs moved lightly over the crust of snow while the bear was slowed down by the deep drifts. Their fox-like staccato yaps harassed the bear into submission or confused it until the Natives could come close enough for a kill. To prepare for a foray against big cats, a claw from a dead lynx was used to ceremonially mark the dog's face. The Tahltan Bear Dog had the courage to face a bear, but was friendly and gentle with smaller animals and with humans. They lived in the tent with the family, sharing bed and board. Descended from pariah-type dogs that had come with prehistoric migrations, the Tahltan Dogs were centralized in the remote mountainous areas of northwestern British Columbia and the Southern Yukon. Their usual diet was small bits of birds, meat and fish, and they flourished in the bitter cold. Outside their native environment, they succumbed to distemper, heat prostration and problems due to dietary changes. As white explorers came into the territory, bringing a variety of other dogs, the Tahltan Dog became diluted.

263 264 CHAPTER 57. TAHLTAN BEAR DOG

There are no living descendants past 1960-70. Genetic references in the archeological record show no modern re- lationship of Tahltan dogs to any modern populations. No modern breeds have any known genetic relationship with extant dogs.*[1]

57.3 References

[1] Multiple and Ancient Origins of the Domestic Dog

57.4 External links

• Tahltan Bear Dog image

• The Complete 'Tail' of the Tahltan Bear Dog Chapter 58

Taigan

The Taigan (Kyrgyz: Тайган) also known as Kyrgyzdyn Taighany (Kyrgyzskaya Borzaya Taigan in Russian) is a sighthound breed from Kyrgyzstan, which is not yet recognized by the FCI. They have medium-length and slightly curly hair and are similar in shape to Greyhounds. They are a member of the sighthound family.

58.1 Origin and history

Same as Azawakh, Sloughi, Saluki, Afghan Hound and Mid-Asiatic Tazi, the Taigan is a member of the family of Eastern Sighthounds, which can be found from Northern Africa to Central Asia. During most periods of their history, the Kyrgyz have been a predominantly nomadic people, which has migrated through vast parts of Siberia and Central Asia. Therefore it is very unlikely that the origins of the Taigan can be traced back to one single ancestor. However, the Taigan in its present form is a pronounced mountain breed, perfectly adapted to its work in the alpine regions of the Tian Shan mountain range. In the 1930s, Soviet cynologists began to register the existing specimens in the Kyrgyz SSR, but this work had to be stopped after the German invasion of the USSR in 1941. In 1964, the USSR laid down the first standard for the breed. Different from many western countries, live coursing has always been legal in the Soviet Union; hunters were organised in kolkhozy and had to deliver certain amounts of fur to the collective farms. After Kyrgyzstan became independent in 1991, the role of the breed underwent a change. The collapse of the collective farms forced many people in the rural areas of Kyrgyzstan to return to the nomadic life of their ancestors. For some of them, hunting with the Taigan became again an occupation which helps them to earn their living. On the other hand, parts of the new urban upper class have discovered the Taigan as a prestigious symbol of national heritage during the past few years. In 1995, the Cinologist Council of the Kyrgyz Republic (a body connected with the Ministry of Agriculture) adopted a new breed standard, which was later approved by the hunting commission at the Ministry of Environmental Protection. A number of breed shows were held in Bishkek, but with only small attendance by hunters from the countryside. During a state visit to Norway in November 2003, the former Kyrgyz president Askar Akayev gave two Taigan puppies as a present to King Harald V and prime minister Kjell Magne Bondevik. This caused a small diplomatic turmoil, since the Norwegian import regulations require a quarantine of four months for dogs entering Norway from a non- European country, and neither the king nor the prime minister were willing to keep the dogs. To avoid hurting the feelings of the Kyrgyz delegation, the mayor of the city of Trondheim, Rita Ottervik, decided to take care of the two puppies, which were later given to experienced dog owners after they had passed quarantine.*[1] Since 2005, a national kennel club exists in Kyrgyzstan, which has been admitted to the FCI as a contact partner in 2009.*[2] This would now enable Kyrgyzstan to apply for international recognition of the Taigan, provided that an application will be sent to the FCI breed standard commission. However, the FCI member clubs in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland and Germany have already recognized the Taigan on national level.

265 266 CHAPTER 58. TAIGAN

58.2 Appearance

The Taigan is a sighthound, which is a bit larger than medium height. The minimal height for male specimens is 65 cm and for females 60 cm. The colours are black, black with white (most common), grey, brown and yellow (or other shades and variations of this color) and white. Areas of dark colored coat may have white marks. The coat is soft, long, and thick. In the winter, undercoat is developed. The ears are drooping, thick and covered with long, soft, wavy fur. A distinguishing mark of the Taigan is the ring on the end of the tail - the base vertebras of the ring are jointed, so that the ring cannot be unrolled. The large volume of the lungs, the (in comparison to other sighthounds) strong bone structure and the thick coat enable the Taigan to work in rugged terrain, and at elevations up to 4000 m above sea level.

58.3 Use and activity

The Taigan is a sighthound adapted to the extreme mountainous conditions in the Tian Shan. Typical prey are ibex, roe deer, wolf, fox and marmot. Some hunters also use the Taigan in conjunction with a trained bird of prey, especially with the golden eagle. The hunt for the Tolai hare (Lepus tolai), is, however, an exception. Due to the rugged surface of its native environment, the Taigan hunts with all senses, i.e. unlike other sighthounds not only by sight, but also by scent and hearing, which gives its hunting style some similarities with breeds like Ibizan Hound or Pharaoh Hound.

58.4 References

[1] “Diplomatisk hunderøre"; Article from the Norwegian newspaper “Dagbladet”, 28 November 2003

[2] FCI Partnership Contract: Kyrgyzstan (FCI Circular 94/2009), pdf

58.5 External links

• Association “Kirghizcynology” (Russian)

• www.taigany.republika.pl (Poland) Chapter 59

Talbot (dog)

The talbot was a white hunting dog which is now extinct because of its lack of purpose and need for constant care, but it has been credited with being an ancestor of the modern beagle*[1] and bloodhound.*[2] The term talbot is used in heraldry to refer to a good-mannered hunting dog.

59.1 History

Carter of Castle Martin Crest: A talbot standing above a crown.

267 268 CHAPTER 59. TALBOT (DOG)

The breed has been said to have originated in Normandy, perhaps to have been the white St Hubert Hound, and to have been brought to England by William the Conqueror, but this is not supported by evidence. There are no known references to the talbot as a breed of hound in Medieval French, and none have been found in English before the mid-16th century. In Medieval times, “Talbot”was a common name for an individual hound, so used before 1400 in Chaucer's Nun's Priests Tale (l 3383), and used as an example of a hound name in a 16th-century book of hunting.*[3] By the 17th century it clearly existed as a breed or type. Large, heavy, slow hounds were 'talbot-like', whatever their colour, though the 'milk white' was 'the true talbot'.*[4] William Somervile in his poem“The Chase”,*[5] published 1735, describes the former use of "lime-hounds" (leashed hounds) on the Scottish Borders to catch thieves, obviously referring to the bloodhound and the sleuth hound, but adding that the (white) talbot was the “prime”example of this type of hound. The origin of both the name and the animal is uncertain. The Earls of Shrewsbury, whose family name is Talbot, have as their family crest a white, short-legged hound. In a quotation from about 1449, the king referred to John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury as “Talbott, oure good dogge”, perhaps as a play on his name, or in allusion to the family badge.*[6] In a MS in the British Library *[7] John Talbot is shown presenting a Book of Romances to Queen Margaret, with a white dog standing behind him, which serves, symbolically, to identify him. It is obviously a small hound, and it seems unlikely that it could have been used in this way if “Talbot”had been associated in the mind of the people of the time with a large animal. The talbot and the greyhound were, apparently, the only hounds used in heraldry, and it could be that the talbot originated as an emblematic or heraldic hound.*[8] References to this heraldic talbot seem to be earlier than any references to a real dog.*[9] The talbot figures in many Coats of Arms, for instance in later ones of the earls of Shrewsbury, in which two talbots appear as supporters.*[10] It is quite a plausible idea that from these beginnings the name“talbot”was extended to any large heavy white scent hound, and from there helped to establish a breed or type. It was certainly similar to the bloodhound (and “white” is given as one of the colours of the bloodhound around the 16th and 17th centuries)*[11] as regards size, and use as a leash-hound.*[4] As earliest references to this dog are much later than those to bloodhounds it cannot convincingly be regarded as an ancestor of the bloodhound. The talbot seems to have existed as a breed, a little distinct from the bloodhound, until the end of the 18th cen- tury,*[12] after which, like two other large breeds to which it may have been related, the Northern and the Southern Hound, it disappeared. Some early dog-shows apparently offered classes for talbots, but they were never entered, and so were dropped.

59.2 Cultural legacy

“The Talbot”(or“Talbot Arms”) is most familiar as the name of some English inns or public houses, and it is usually depicted on the signs as a large white hound with hanging ears, sometimes with spots. This suggests that the talbot was quite well known at one time, as part of the idea of a sign was that it helped to identify the inn for the illiterate. However, nowadays one sometimes sees inns of this name with no dog and no coat of arms depicted, suggesting that many people are unaware of a connection either with a kind of dog or with heraldry. An inn called The Talbot in Iwerne Minster, Dorset, UK, showed as its sign a black dog, apparently the crest of the Bower family, who owned the manor from the late Middle Ages till 1876.*[13] The market town of Sudbury, Suffolk, in the east of the United Kingdom has a talbot on its town crest, which is also used for a local school and many local sports clubs. The dog is always depicted with its tongue protruding. The arms of the Carter of Castle Martin family (see Carter-Campbell of Possil) include a talbot.

59.3 References

[1] “The Beagle”. Buzzle.com. Retrieved 2014-05-13.

[2] “Mac Barwick's History: Chapter VI”. Bloodhounds.org.uk. Retrieved 2014-05-13.

[3] “Turberville, George (1575) ''The Noble Art of Venerie or Huntyng''". Archive.org. Retrieved 2014-05-13. 59.3. REFERENCES 269

Unusual black Talbot on an Inn sign at Iwerne Minster, Dorset

[4] Markham, Gervaise (1605). Country Contentments or the Husbandman's Recreations.

[5] Somerville, William (1735). The Chase Book 1 Ll282-335 .

[6] The Oxford English Dictionary

[7] “The British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts”. Bl.uk. 2003-11-30. Retrieved 2014-05-13.

[8] Lampson S M “The Mystery of the Talbot Hound”in Country Life 1965

[9] The Oxford English Dictionary

[10] “Earl of Shrewsbury”. Hereditarytitles.com. Retrieved 2014-05-13.

[11] Topsell, Edward (1607), The History of Four Footed Beasts

[12] Edwards, Sydenham Teak (1800), Cynographia Britannica

[13] Barrett, Barry. Iwerne Minster St Mary's Church & Village Story. 270 CHAPTER 59. TALBOT (DOG)

59.4 External links

• 15th-century English painting of a talbot

• Heathcoat Armory • The only public school in the United States known to have the talbot as its mascot is the Hampton Township School District Chapter 60

Tamaskan Dog

The Tamaskan Dog is a crossbred dog of sleddog type, created in Finland, and as of 27 November 2013, has been recognized by the American Rare Breed Association, and the Kennel Club of the United States of America, two related dog fancier and pedigree registries.*[1]*[2] It is a highly versatile dog that can excel in agility, obedience and working trials. It is also capable of pulling sleds, which is inherited from its Siberian Husky and Alaskan Malamute ancestors. Morphologically, Tamaskans have been bred to look like wolves and wolfdog-hybrids and have a notable lupine appearance. Although there are a little over 600 registered Tamaskan Dogs worldwide, increasing interest has resulted in their spread throughout continental Europe, the UK and the USA, as well as Canada and Australia.

60.1 Description

Tamaskans are large, athletic dogs; slightly taller in size than German Shepherds. With regard to build, they are substantially larger than their Siberian Husky ancestors but smaller than the Alaskan Malamute. They generally resemble grey wolves and wolfdogs. On average, Tamaskan adults measure around 24-28 inches (60–70 cm) tall at the shoulder and typically weigh between 55-88 pounds (25–40 kg)–the heaviest recorded Tamaskan males (to date) weigh just under 50 kg. Females are usually slightly smaller and lighter than males, with a distinct feminine appearance. Males are more heavyset with broader heads and a heavier bone structure. Tamaskans have a lupine appearance with a straight bushy tail and thick double coat that comes in three main colors: Wolf Gray, Red Gray, and Black Gray. Each individual guard hair is agouti banded along its length. The almond-shaped eyes range from yellow through to amber and brown, with lighter colored eyes being very rare. Blue eyes are not acceptable, nor are mismatched eyes.*[3]

60.2 Health

Overall the Tamaskan breed is healthy with only a few notable health issues, which affect a small percentage of the bloodlines to date. Roughly 10% of males suffer from cryptorchidism: undescended testes. With these cases, usually only one testicle fully descends within the scrotum, while the other testicle remains“hidden”up within the abdominal cavity. Epilepsy has been diagnosed in five dogs, affecting about 1 out of every 100 registered Tamaskan worldwide. Several dogs have been found to be carriers of degenerative myelopathy. As with all large breed dogs, hip dysplasia is a risk.

60.3 History

60.3.1 Breed Clubs

There are breed clubs in the United States (US Tamaskan Dog Club),*[4] Canada (National Tamaskan Club of Canada),*[5] France (Club Français du Tamaskan),*[6] Germany (Tamaskan Club Germany),*[7] the Netherlands

271 272 CHAPTER 60. TAMASKAN DOG

A Tamaskan puppy

(Nederlandse Tamaskan Club),*[8] Croatia (Hrvatski Tamaskan Savez),*[9] and the United Kingdom (“Tamaskan Dog Society of Great Britain”), *[10]

60.4 Famous Tamaskan Dogs

In October 2007, a Tamaskan named “Genghis Khan”featured as a wolf in a music video for the band Lucretia Choir.*[11] In September 2010, a TDR registered male Tamaskan named “Wave”became the official Live Mascot of North 60.4. FAMOUS TAMASKAN DOGS 273

An adult female

A Tamaskan

Carolina State University's football team: NC State Wolfpack. Wave (aka “Tuffy”) now attends most home games and can be seen stalking around the sidelines.*[12]*[13]*[14]*[15] In September 2012, four Tamaskan Dogs were featured on the Croatian HRT 1 television program“Kućni ljubimci” .*[16] 274 CHAPTER 60. TAMASKAN DOG

A prizewinning Tamaskan Dog 60.5. REFERENCES 275

60.5 References

[1] “International Tamaskan Forum - Login”.

[2] “Kennel Club USA - Tamaskan Dog”.

[3] “Tamaskan Pictorial Standard”.

[4] “US Tamaskan Dog Club”. US Tamaskan Dog Club.

[5] “National Tamaskan Club of Canada”.

[6] “Club Français du Tamaskan”.

[7] “Tamaskan Club - Startseite”. Tamaskan Club.

[8] Rahne Meeder. “Home - Nederlandse Tamaskan Club”. Nederlandse Tamaskan Club.

[9] “Hrvatski Tamaskan Savez / Croatian Tamaskan Club”. Facebook.

[10] “Tamaskan Dog Society of Great Britain”. Tamaskan Dog Society of Great Britain.

[11] Paul Hornsey. “Lucretia Choir: News”.

[12] “Local & North Carolina state news from Raleigh, NC - NewsObserver.com”.

[13] “The Daily Tar Heel :: N.C. State to use tamaskan dog for mascot”.

[14] “Celebrity Pets Must See Photos and Videos - PEOPLE Pets : People.com”. PEOPLE.com.

[15] “NC State's Live Mascot “Tuffy"".

[16] “1156. Emisija " Kućni ljubimci ", HTV 1, 22.09.2012. 10:10 sati - Facebook”.

60.6 External links

• The Florida Lupine News Volume 9 Issue 3 (Autumn 2007)

• Animal Wellness Magazine 7447079635 Volume 10 Issue 1 (Feb-Mar 2008) • Dogs Monthly - March 2009 Issue

• Dogs Today July 2009 Issue (Pages 24 & 25) • Dogs Today - November 2009 Issue (front cover)

• Dogs Today July 2010 Issue • Dogs Today August 2010 Issue

• Dogs Today September 2010 Issue • Das deutsche Hunde Magazin November 2011

• PDF German Edition • Chapter 61

Teddy Roosevelt Terrier

The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is a small to medium-sized American hunting terrier. Lower-set with shorter legs, more muscular, and heavier bone density than its cousin the American Rat Terrier. There is much diversity in the history of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier breed and it shares a common early history with the American Rat Terrier, Fox Paulistinha and Tenterfield Terrier. It is said the Rat Terrier background stems from the terriers or other dogs that were brought over by early English and other working class immigrants. Since the breed was a farm, hunting and utility dog there was little to no planned breeding other than breeding dogs with agreeable traits to each other in order to produce the desired work ethic in the dog. It is assumed that the Feist (dog), Bull Terrier, Smooth Fox Terrier, Manchester Terrier, Whippet, Italian Greyhound, the now extinct English White Terrier, Turnspit dog and or Wry Legged Terrier all share in the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier's ancestry.*[1] These early Ratting Terriers were then most likely bred to the Beagle or Beagle cross bred dogs (for increased scenting ability) and other dogs. Maximizing the influences from these various breeds provides the modern Teddy Roosevelt Terrier with a keen sense of awareness and prey drive, an acute sense of smell and a very high intellect. Although they tend to be aloof with strangers they are devoted companion dogs with a strong desire to please and be near their owners side at all times. The current UKC standard calls for a Teddy Roosevelt Terrier to range in height between 8 and 15 inches with their weight being proportionate to their height. It is not uncommon to see Teddy Roosevelt Terriers weighing as much as 25 lbs or as little as 8-10 lbs.*[2]

61.1 Breed history

Early American history shows that the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier, like the Rat Terrier, were often referred to as Feist or just plain terrier mixes. In the case of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier, “bench legged feist”.*[3]*[4]*[5] Being the breed was primarily a farm and hunting dog it was common to see and hear of crossing Rat Terriers to other breeds. One such early cross was with the Beagle and it is very possible it is this cross that reinforced the bench leg since the Bench Legged Beagle was a common hunting companion.*[6] Separating the long legged phenotype from the short legged phenotype in most cases did not occur and it was very common to see litters born from parents of either or both phenotypes displaying a variety of leg and body length yet all were still considered and labeled merely as Rat Terriers. In wasn't until the middle 1990's that an effort to segregate the types began in earnest but mixing of the two types in some cases still exists today. When the types were separated by the Rat Terrier Club of America the short legged variety was named in honor of Theodore Roosevelt, although he never owned Rat Terriers nor was he instrumental in developing the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier. The dog most attributed to being one of the foundations for the Rat Terriers was a black and tan mixed bred feist type dog owned by the Roosevelts. In one of his letters to his children President Roosevelt writes “There is a very cunning little dog named Skip, belonging to John Goff's pack, who has completely adopted me. I think I shall take him home to Archie. He likes to ride on Dr. Lambert's horse, or mine, and though he is not as big as Jack, takes eager part in the fight with every bear and bobcat.”*[7] Often confused with Skip the black and tan feist, the Roosevelts also had a dog named Scamp. Scamp is the only dog mentioned in Roosevelt's letters as ever hunting rats while in the White House, “Scamp is really an extraordinary ratter and kills a great many rats in the White House, in the cellars and on the lower floor and among the machinery. He is really a very nice little dog.”*[7] Unfortunately there are no pictures of Scamp nor descriptions other than one which describes him as a Fox Terrier.*[8] Another

276 61.2. APPEARANCE 277

Theodore Roosevelt's family, with terrier.

Terrier which often is confused with the Rat Terrier was Roosevelt's dog named Jack. In Mr. Roosevelt's letter dated July 27, 1902 to Mrs. Roswell Field he writes,“It is a real pleasure to send you a photograph of my boy Kermit, with Jack, the Manchester Terrier, who is absolutely a member of the family.”Indicating Jack was a Manchester Terrier, not a Rat Terrier. The first Standard for the breed was developed by the now defunct Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Club of America in 1996.*[2] There are currently several registration organizations all of which have their own standard but the most commonly accepted is the United Kennel Club *[9] and the United Kennel Club International.*[10] Although the UKCI still only recognizes them as a variation of the Rat Terrier. In 1999 both“Rat Terrier”and“Teddy Roosevelt Terrier”were accepted as a separate breeds by the United Kennel Club.*[9] Currently, the UKC accepts Single Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Registration Applications for dogs from 10 different registries where they are simply designated as “Rat Terriers.”.

61.2 Appearance

The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is a low-set, muscular, active, small-to-medium size hunting terrier. The preferred ratio of length of body (prosternum to point of buttocks) to height (withers to ground) is between 10:7 and 10:8. The head is broad, slightly domed, wedge-shaped, and proportionate to the size of the body. Ears are V-shaped, set at the outside edges of the skull, and may be erect or button. A docked tail is preferred, but a natural bob tail or a natural tail carried in an upward curve are also acceptable. The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier comes in solid white, other solid colors with markings, and white with a variety of colored patches. The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier should be evaluated as a working terrier, and exaggerations, or faults, should be penalized in proportion to how much they interfere with the dogʼs ability to work. Honorable scars resulting from field work are not to be penalized. Disqualification: A longer-legged, square-bodied dog, whose proportions vary significantly from the desired ratio lacks breed type, and must be disqualified. 278 CHAPTER 61. TEDDY ROOSEVELT TERRIER

Adult Male showing proper proportions while watching a squirrel

61.3 Common characteristics

Like the Rat Terrier, the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier of today is bred for versatility, including hunting instincts, soundness of health, great temperament, and good looks. The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier has a higher than average prey drive and will chase squirrels, rats, stray cats and any other animal they consider prey. They will also dig and follow mole trails leaving a vast array of trenches and holes behind. They make excellent watch dogs and can be very protective and territorial. Teddies share a love for their families and become very attached, craving human interaction and affection. Always by their owner's side, they will become a constant shadow, following their master around throughout the daily routine. Teddies are very smart and loyal, which makes them easy to train. They are energetic and playful, and their antics can make you laugh daily. However, when itʼs time to settle down they are just as content to be in your lap. Teddies can adapt to pretty much any lifestyle, whether you show in conformation rings, work in agility trials, or just want a great companion for your home or farm. Their small to medium size makes them suitable to apartment living as well. Today, the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is gaining a solid following and becoming a popular household companion.

61.4 Health problems

Less common problems may include allergies, bite problems (malocclusions), hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and subluxating patella as these are problems that appear in the dog's cousin, the rat terrier. Ectopia lentis is a congenital condition which also affects this breed. Although not currently well documented in the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier it is being seen in small numbers and populations according to the Orthopedic Foundation 61.5. FOOTNOTES 279

Adult Male Teddy Roosevelt Terrier for Animals but is still seen in higher numbers in the Rat Terrier and other terrier breeds*[11]*[12]

61.5 Footnotes

[1] Moore, Daniel History of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier

[2] Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Breed Standard 1996,1997 Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Club of America

[3]“The Bear Hunt, a Poem By Abraham Lincoln

[4]“Feist or Fiction?: The Squirrel Dog of the Southern Mountains”by Donald Davis, Jeffrey Stotkit, The Journal of Popular Culture 26 (1992) , pgs 193–201

[5] The Bench Legged Fyce by Eugene Field (1895)

[6] Hunter Trader Trapper 1922 Vol 44 page 79

[7] Bishop, Joseph Bucklin, ed. Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1919. Letters from 1898-1911

[8] Sports Illustrated November 02, 1981 E.M Swift, “The Mutt With A Touch Of Class”

[9] http://www.ukcdogs.com/WebSite.nsf/Breeds/TeddyRooseveltTerrier

[10] http://www.universalkennel.com/Standards/Standard%20Rat%20Terrier.htm

[11] Sargan DR, J Hered (2007) 98(5): 534-538 Mapping the Mutation Causing Lens Luxation in Several Terrier Breeds

[12] Orthopedic Foundation for Animals Public Database 280 CHAPTER 61. TEDDY ROOSEVELT TERRIER

61.6 References

• Moore, Daniel (2010) "History of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier"

• Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Breed Standard 1996,1997 Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Club of America • Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Breed Standard 1999 (Revised 2007)United Kennel Club

• Bishop, Joseph Bucklin, ed. Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1919. Letters from 1898-1911. • Kane, Alice J. (2004). Rat Terrier: a Comprehensive Owner's Guide (Special Limited Edition). Kennel Club Books ISBN 1-59378-367-1. • Rat Terrier Club of America. "What is Their Temperament Like?". Retrieved August 30, 2007.

• Orthopedic Foundation for Animals Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Primary Lens Luxation Test Results. Retrieved September 12, 2012.

61.7 External links

• United Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Club of America • The Bench Legged Fyce Chapter 62

Telomian

The Telomian *[1] is a breed of dingo or dog native to Malaysia. Though rare, it remains the only known Malaysian dog breed to live outside its homeland.*[2]

62.1 History

Telomians were originally bred as vermin-controlling hunting dogs by the Orang Asli indigenous people of Malaysia. Telomians developed an unusual climbing ability, as the Orang Asli built their houses on stilts in order to avoid contact with dangerous animals on the ground. Certain cynologists have proposed that the telomian may be the missing link between the Basenji and the dingo.*[2] Although the Malayan natives kept dogs, they considered them to be nonetheless unlucky, and treacherous animals which longed for the deaths of their master. To see a feral dog was considered doubly unfortunate, as such animals were considered to be evil spirits.*[3] They were officially discovered by the West in 1963 by anthropologist Dr Orville Elliot, who named the breed after the Telom River where he first found them. A pair of dogs was brought to the United States, with a Telomian Dog Club being established in 1970. A second pair of telomians was imported to the US in 1973 and it is believed that all Telomians in the West descend from these two domesticated pairs.*[2]

62.2 Characteristics

The telomian is a small breed with an elongated back. The short and smooth coat can be any shade of sable, with white and ticking. A black mask is not unusual. Adults are 15-18 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh 18-28 lbs.*[4] Like the chow chow, the breed has a blue tongue.*[2] Like its close cousins, the dingo and the New Guinea Singing Dog, the telomian has a single annual estrus cycle, which peaks during September through October.*[5]

62.3 See also

• Canaan Dog • Carolina Dog • Dingo • New Guinea Singing Dog • Indian pariah dog

62.4 References

[1] http://www.dibubasenjis.com/papers/comparison.pdf

281 282 CHAPTER 62. TELOMIAN

[2] Telomian (Malaysian Telemonian)

[3] Malay magic: an introduction to the folklore and popular religion of the Malay Peninsular, By Walter William Skeat, Charles Otto Blagden, Edition: illustrated, Published by Routledge, 1965, ISBN 0-7146-2026-2, 685 pages

[4] Telomian standard

[5] The Basenji Club of America African Stock Project, The Basenji Annual Estrus: A comparison to other Canids by James E. Johannes Chapter 63

Treeing Tennessee Brindle

The Treeing Tennessee Brindle is a breed of cur. Since 1995, its records have been maintained through the American Kennel Club's Foundation Stock Service Program.

63.1 History

The breed's development began in the early 1960s with the efforts of Reverend Earl Phillips. Because of a column he was then writing in a hunting dog magazine, Phillips became aware of the existence of brindle curs̶hunting and treeing dogs with brown coats, “tiger-striped”with black. He contacted their owners and fanciers, discovering that the type was highly regarded for its abilities, and in 1967 contacted them again to form an organization to“preserve and promote”the brindle cur.*[1] The Treeing Tennessee Brindle Breeders Association was established in Illinois on March 21.*[1] Foundation stock was obtained from various locations in the United States, particularly those between the Ozarks and Appalachian Mountains.*[1] The Treeing Tennessee Brindle's records have been maintained through the American Kennel Club's Foundation Stock Service Program since 1995.*[2]

63.2 Description

63.2.1 Appearance

Males stand 18 to 24 inches (46 to 61 cm) at the withers and weigh 35 to 50 pounds (16 to 23 kg), while females stand 16 to 22 inches (41 to 56 cm) tall and weigh 30 to 40 pounds (14 to 18 kg).*[3] The breed's coat is short and soft and may be either brindle or black with brindle trim.*[3]*[4] Small white markings on the chest and feet are permissible according to the breed standard, as are dewclaws.*[4]

63.2.2 Temperament

The Treeing Tennessee Brindle has a strong propensity for hunting, particularly treeing, and tends to be intelligent and fast with a keen sense of smell.*[3]*[4] Additionally, the way it barks during the hunt (“crying”or “giving tongue”*[5]) is part of the breed standard: individuals should be “open trailers with change over at tree”, and a “coarse chop”is preferred.*[4]

63.3 References

[1] “History/Purpose”. Treeing Tennessee Brindle Breeders Association. Retrieved July 11, 2011.

[2] “Treeing Tennessee Brindle Did You Know?". American Kennel Club. Retrieved July 11, 2011.

[3] Pugnetti, Gino (1980). Meriwether Schuler, Elizabeth, ed. Simon & Schuster's Guide to Dogs. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-671-25527-5.

283 284 CHAPTER 63. TREEING TENNESSEE BRINDLE

[4] “T.T.B.B.A. Breed Standards”. Treeing Tennessee Brindle Breeders Association. Retrieved July 11, 2011.

[5] Giannini, Lauren. “Hunting Terms”. Museum of Hounds & Hunting. Retrieved July 11, 2011. Chapter 64

Tenterfield Terrier

Australian in development, the forebears of the Tenterfield Terrier accompanied British settlers en route to Australia by ship. The forebears of these small dogs had been bred by hunters in Britain, typically for ratting. This type of dog suited shipboard life, where rats and mice were both a health hazard and a threat to food supplies. Today they are a strong, active, hardy and agile dog, their smooth short coat making them 'easy care' family companions.

64.1 Appearance

Tenterfield terriers are often predominantly white though the brown and black markings also present can be either restricted or extensive. Having a square or compact body, the features of a Tenterfield's construction are unexagger- ated. For instance, Tenterfields usually do not have an elongated head like a Fox Terrier. Rather, the head is wedge shaped with equal length from occiput to stop and stop to the end of the nose. This gives the head parallel head planes, making the head unique in this Group. The Tenterfield Terrier can also have pricked or erect ears or semi- erect ears. Tenterfield Terriers stand around 28 cm (11 inches) high and can come in tan and white, black and white, liver/tan/white tri-coloured or black/tan/white tri-coloured.*[1] Their unique feature is their naturally occurring bob tail which can come in any length.*[2]

64.2 History

The forebears of the Tenterfield Terrier accompanied Australia's first European settlers who sailed from Portsmouth in England's South. These dogs were vermin killers, and so the smallest of them were selected to play that role on ships, which is how they arrived in Australia.*[3] Large dogs may would not have fared as well in the cramped shipboard environment, where vermin find nooks and crannies. Thus small terriers had an advantage. Miniature individuals of the Fox Terrier breed suited the role, as their original breeding matched the new task closely. By the late 19th century a dog type known as the Miniature Fox Terrier (known colloquially as “Mini Foxies”) was well established in rural Australia as a vermin killer and family companion. By the 1920s the dog was a fixture in urban households.*[4] The name“Tenterfield”does not denote the terrierʼs place of origin as Tenterfield, New South Wales. Rather, the name derives from there. The dog was bred extensively in and around northern New South Wales.*[5] Tenterfield is one of many localities in Australia in which small terriers of this type were kept. The town of Tenterfield is significant in Australian history for the Tenterfield Oration on independence from Britain. Additionally, the owner of the town's saddlery a man named George Woolnough, was immortalized by his grandson entertainer Peter Allen as the “Tenterfield Saddler”. Tenterfield residents attest that Mr. Woolnough owned and loved a number of these terriers,*[6] though unfortunately no photographs of his dogs are known. Accordingly the name Tenterfield Terrier was suggested in the 1990s by television gardening personality Don Burke,.*[7]

285 286 CHAPTER 64. TENTERFIELD TERRIER

This is a photo of Rosie the Australian Champion Tenterfield Terrier. She can jump very high. 64.3. HEALTH AND TEMPERAMENT 287

64.2.1 Breed development

In 1991 a group of enthusiasts from the state of South Australia formed the autonomous Miniature Fox Terrier Club of South Australia, separate to the Miniature Fox Terrier Club of Australia, which had been operating for some time. In 1992 they met with owners from other states to discuss the future of the Clubs. At that time, it became evident that there were differences as to the preferred type of dog that would represent the Miniature Fox Terrier breed. Further, challenges to the name“Miniature Fox Terrier”were being mounted, and threatened to preclude recognition by the ANKC which was a priority among some breeders. The establishment of the Tenterfield Terrier Club of Australia Inc took place in January 1993, by approximately 85% of votes returned to the ANKC by fanciers across NSW WA and SA.*[5] In 2002, the Tenterfield Terrier was recognized by the ANKC and placed in Group 2, Terriers. The Tenterfield Terrier breed standard*[1] differs from that of the Miniature Fox Terrier, and although they are sometimes confused, the two dogs have been developing along divergent lines for some time and are now separate breeds.

64.3 Health and temperament

Despite its small stature, the dog is friendly with an outgoing, adaptable nature, bold in the way of terriers and is intelligent. The coat is low maintenance for grooming purposes. Although they can live to 20 years in good health, the average lifespan is from 12 to 14 years.*[7]

64.4 See also

• Miniature Fox Terrier • Fox Terrier (Smooth)

64.5 References

[1] “ANKC Tenterfield Terrier Breed Standard”. ANKC Ltd. Retrieved 24 Jan 2012.

[2] “Tenterfield Terrier”. Jane Harvey. Retrieved 24 Jan 2012.

[3] http://www.tenterfieldsa.com/history.html Breed history

[4] “Tenterfield Terrier Breed Information”. The Dog Site. Retrieved 24 Jan 2012.

[5] http://www.tenterfieldterrier.info/history.html

[6] http://tenterfieldterrieraust.com/Tenterfield-Terrier-History.php

[7] Burke's Backyard archive 1998 Tenterfield terrier article Chapter 65

Terceira Mastiff

The Terceira Mastiff (cão de fila da Terceira) is a landrace Portuguese dog breed, also known as the Rabo Torto*[1]*[2] (rabo=tail, torto=curled/twisted). Neither the Fédération Cynologique Internationale nor the local Clube Português de Canicultura has officially recognized it. It is a remarkable ancestor to both the Cão Fila de São Miguel and the Fila Brasileiro . This breed is fully different from the Barbado da Terceira

65.1 History

The Terceira Mastiff comes from the isle of Terceira, located in the Azores.*[1] It descends from local dogs, old Spanish and English mastiffs and bulldogs, the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Bloodhound. According to a legend, it once was very popular among the pirates of the region and soon became a popular fighting dog as well. In the 1880s, veterinarian Dr. Jose Leite Pacheco wrote the first breed standard and intended to make the nickname rabo torto as the official name of the breed instead of the cão de fila da Terceira.*[2] Unfortunately, the Terceira Mastiff was already extremely endangered that time,*[2] which was one of the reasons why - despite of the Portuguese standard - it was never accepted by the FCI. In the 1960s,*[2] the breed was tried to be revived with the aid of the Portuguese government.*[1] However, there was disagreement between politics and breeders,*[2] which led to the failure of the project.*[1] After this, the future of the Terceira Mastiff depended solely on the local farmers and fanciers of the breed.*[2] In the 1970s, it was already stated to be extinct, although there were still some individuals left in the Azores.*[1]*[2] With these few individuals, the recreation of the breed finally begun.*[1]

65.2 Appearance

The Terceira Mastiff is a medium-sized molosser that represents the Fila or Dogo type and resembles the Cão Fila de São Miguel. One of its most remarkable features is an innately short, corkscrew like tail.*[1] Its nose can be either black, pink, or even brown.*[2] The colour of the short, smooth*[2] coat can be either fawn or yellow, always with a light mask.*[1] Red, brindle, and black individuals are usually considered to be unpure.*[2] The height is approximately 55 cm (22 in).*[1]

65.3 References

[1] Krämer, E.-M. (2009). Der grosse Kosmos Hundeführer, 229. Kosmos: Stuttgart.

[2] Sicard, G. (Feb 23rd 2003). Terceira Mastiff. Molosser Dogs. Retrieved May 16th 2014.

{http://caodefiladaterceir.wix.com/caofiladeterceira}

288 Chapter 66

Thai Bangkaew Dog

The Thai Bangkaew Dog is an Asian dog breed. It is a medium-sized spitz-type dog.

66.1 Appearance

The Thai Bangkaew Dog is compactly built and square in profile. It is well proportioned, with a smooth gait. The double coat consists of a short undercoat, with longer guard hairs growing through it forming the outer coat. The coat is thicker and longer around the neck, chest, and back forming a lion-like ruff, which is more noticeable on male dogs than on female dogs. The plumed tail is carried with moderate upward curve over the back. The TBD comes in white with shades of red, gray, brown, and black in a wide variety of patterns.

66.2 History

Bangkaew is a village located in the Bang Rakam District, Phitsanulok Province in the central region of Thailand. In this district, near the Yom River, there is a monastery called Wat Bangkaew where it is believed that Thai Bangkaew Dogs originated. Legend has it that the third abbot of Bangkaew Temple, the respected Luang Puh Maak Metharee, was known for mercy and giving care to all living things. An old Bangkaew villager named Tah Nim gave the abbot a native bitch. Because she was pregnant without any dog in the area, her mating was thought to be either a golden jackal (Canis aureus) or a dhole (Cuon alpinus) living in the surrounding forest. A chromosome study of Thai Bangkaew dog confirmed that the breed is the result of domestic dog and jackal interbreed. The resulting litter produced longhaired puppies of black and dark brown coloration. Luang Puh Maak Metharee raised the resulting puppies, four females. Seasonal rain produced flooding, a natural barrier that limited the dogs contributing to the gene pool. Inbreeding that took place led to the creation of the Thai Bangkaew Dogs. From then on the breed has been selectively bred and has become one of the most favored varieties of Thai dogs.

66.3 Health and temperament

This is an intelligent, athletic, agile and robust breed. It will be a loyal and protective family companion as well as an excellent watchdog. The Thai Bangkaew Dog a loving, intelligent and alert dog that makes an excellent and devoted family companion as well as a good working and hunting dog. This breed will be affectionate with its family, will get along well with children and a properly socialized dog will be very gentle with smaller children. The Thai Bangkaew Dog is not an aggressive breed but can be aloof with strangers and is very territorial and protective. However, this breed is more likely to threaten than bite and attack. It makes a great guardian and watchdog that will loudly announce arrival of any visitor (friend of stranger). The Thai Bangkaew Dog is a breed that is known to be very aggressive towards other dogs. With other animals your dog will get along well if you start socialization from a very young age. This breed is definitely for an experienced

289 290 CHAPTER 66. THAI BANGKAEW DOG owner. The Thai Bangkaew Dog is an intelligent breed, but is independent and can be stubborn. Therefore, it's not always easy to train. This breed need consistent and short training with a lot of positive methods like treats or praise. Avoid repetitive tasks, as this dog gets bored quickly. The Thai Bangkaew Dog need a, confident, and experienced owner who can earn the dogʼs trust and respect. Socialization must start from a very young age.

66.4 Sources

• FCI

66.5 External links Chapter 67

Thai Ridgeback

The Thai Ridgeback (Thai: ไทยหลังอาน, rtgs: Thai Lang-An) is an ancient landrace of dog, recently established also as a standardized breed. The breed was formerly unknown outside of Thailand, but is gaining notice in the Western world.*[1] They are also known as a Mah Thai Lang Ahn. The Thai Ridgeback is one of only three breeds that has a ridge of hair that runs along its back in the opposite direction to the rest of the coat. The other two are the Rhodesian Ridgeback and the Phu Quoc Ridgeback.

67.1 Appearance

The Thai Ridgeback is a muscular, medium-sized pariah-type dog with a wedge-shaped head, triangular-shaped prick ears, and a very short, smooth coat. It has a pronounced ridge on its back formed by hair growing in the opposite direction that extends from behind the withers to the hips. Puppies are occasionally born ridgeless. Thai Ridgebacks have a muscular and streamlined body, making them extremely agile. The tail is carried upward called a sickle or sword tail. Its forehead wrinkles with enormous expression. Like many eastern breeds, the Thai Ridgeback has retained a 'scissor jaw' where upper and lower teeth interlock when the jaw bones clamp down. The tongue can be black or have black marks. Eyes are almond-shaped and brown but may be amber in blue dogs. The ears are set low and point slightly outward. The ears stand up progressively during the puppy growth period, they are not cropped. The back is straight and level. The coat is short, hard, and straight. Due to the length and density of the coat shedding is minimal, occurring once or twice yearly. Because this breed does not have an undercoat the hair does not usually bother people allergic to other breeds of dogs. Coat must be solid colors of blue, black, red or fawn with a black mask being acceptable on reds. However, brindle and white are also found but are not acceptable colors. For international show and competition, shoulder height should be 22-24 inches (56–61 cm) in males and 20-22 inches (51–56 cm) in females. The weight averages 35–55 lbs in females and 40-60 lbs in males. Eight distinctive ridge patterns have been identified: needle, feather, arrow, lute, violin, bowling pin, leaf, and sad- dleback. All patterns are acceptable, but must be clearly defined and symmetrical. The broader the ridge, the more highly it is prized.*[2]

• Blue Thai Ridgeback • Black Thai Ridgeback • Thai Ridgeback portrait • 6 month Thai Ridgeback • Thai Ridgeback

67.2 Health

Thai ridgebacks are a hearty, overall healthy breed with few inherent health issues. The breed has reproduced in Thailand almost exclusively by natural selection until the very recent past. The domesticated population is small.

291 292 CHAPTER 67. THAI RIDGEBACK

Thai Ridgeback

Inbreeding depression has not been observed in the breed. Thai Ridgeback Dogs are prone to dermoid sinus. Modern lines of Thai Ridgeback, resulting from interpopulation crosses, may also be prone to hip dysplasia and other genetic disorders.

67.2.1 Temperament

Thai Ridgebacks are an intelligent breed. The energy level is typically medium to high, with most of the day spent lounging and activity periods occurring in sporadic bursts. Well bred and properly socialized Thai Ridgebacks make loyal, loving family pets. They are naturally protective of their home and family and can be aggressive or shy when not properly socialized. They are best kept by consistent owners who have a thorough understanding of dog behavior. Because of prior geographic isolation and lack of human contact, the Thai Ridgeback remains independent minded and much of the original natural instinct and drives remain intact, particularly prey drive. Due to its nature, the Thai Ridgeback is not recommended for the novice dog handler. They have an excellent jumping ability and may seek to roam if not properly contained.

67.3 Genetics

67.3.1 Ridge

The ridgeback is under a control of two groups of epistatic genes. The first determines the existence of the ridge. The other determines the size of the ridge, from none to very large (down to the side). For the latter, the more the 67.3. GENETICS 293

Thai Ridgeback puppies.

Violin ridge genes in the dog, the broader is the ridge. The ridge will appear only if there is at least one dominant allele in both groups.*[3]

67.3.2 Color

Coat color is also under a control of two groups of epistatic genes. The first determines the color of the coat if it should be black, brindle, red or white. The series of dominance is black to brindle to red to white. The intensity of 294 CHAPTER 67. THAI RIDGEBACK

Saddleback Ridge

the coat color is under control of a set of modifying genes. The other group controls the dilution of the colors. Black can be dilute to gray/silver/blue, and red will turn fawn. The normal color is dominance over the diluted.

67.4 History

The origin of the Thai Ridgeback is undocumented, but the breed was developed in eastern Thailand. The history of the breed is the subject of numerous hypotheses. The other existing purebreeds of ridgeback dog are the Rhodesian Ridgeback from Africa and the Phu Quoc Ridge- back from Vietnam, which is somewhat smaller than the Thai Ridgeback. Based on genetic-based hypothesis, both Thai Ridgeback Dog and Phu Quoc Dog are likely to be descended from Funan Ridgeback Dog which originated over 1,000 years ago in Funan Era of the region. The Hottentot Dog or Ari Dog (as called by the tribe), a known African ridgeback ancestor of the Rhodesian Ridgeback, is now extinct. Its link to the Funan Ridgeback Dog is very likely in a historian opinion. The possible genetic connection among the three remaining breeds is being investigated through DNA studies. The relationship between the Thai Ridgeback and the Rhodesian Ridgeback is uncertain, but possible through the Hottentot Dog or Ari Dog. There is minimal scientific proof that they are related.*[3] 67.5. SEE ALSO 295

67.5 See also

• Phu Quoc Ridgeback

• Rhodesian Ridgeback • Canis lupus dingo

67.6 References

[1] Thai Ridgeback Dogs of the USA Breed Info

[2] Yvonne Kekkonen. “About the Thai Ridgeback”. Archived from the original on 18 May 2010.

[3] Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences study

67.7 External links

• Thai Ridgeback at DMOZ Chapter 68

Tibetan Mastiff

The Tibetan Mastiff (Wylie: 'dogs khyi;*[1] Lhasa dialect IPA: [tʰòcʰi]) is an ancient breed and type of large domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) originating with nomadic cultures of Tibet, China, Nepal, and IndiaThe dog is widely used by local tribes of Himachal Pradesh, India, to protect their sheep from leopards.*[2]*[3]*[4]

68.1 Names and etymology

The Tibetan Mastiff also known as “Dok-Khyi”*[2] (translated as “nomad dog”, “dog which may be tied”, “dog which may be kept”), reflects its use as a guardian of herds, flocks, tents, villages, monasteries, and palaces, much as the old English ban-dog (also meaning tied dog) was a dog tied outside the home as a guardian. However, in nomad camps and in villages, the do-khyi is traditionally allowed to run loose at night. The guardian type from which the modern Tibetan Mastiff breed has been derived was known across the ancient world by many names. Bhote Kukur in Nepali as bhote means someone from Tibet and kukur means dog. The Chinese name for the breed is 藏獒 (Mandarin: Zàng áo; Cantonese: Tzong ngou), meaning“Tibetan mastiff-dog”. In Mongolia, it is called банхар (bankhar).*[5] The name Tibetan mastiff is a misnomer; it is not a true mastiff. The term “mastiff”was used primarily because it meant “big dog”. Early Western visitors to Tibet misnamed several of its breeds: The "Tibetan Terrier" is not a terrier and the "Tibetan Spaniel" is not a spaniel. A better name for the dog would be Tibetan mountain dog or, to encompass the landrace breed throughout its range, Himalayan mountain dog.*[3]

68.2 Description

68.2.1 Appearance

Some breeders differentiate between two “types”of Tibetan Mastiff, the Do-khyi and the Tsang-khyi. The Tsang- khyi (which, to a Tibetan, means only“dog from Tsang”) is also referred to as the“monastery”type, described as generally taller, heavier, and more heavily boned, with more facial wrinkling and haw than the Do-khyi or “nomad” type. Both types are often produced in the same litter with the larger, heavier pups being placed in more stationary jobs versus more active jobs for the Tibetan Mastiffs that are better structured and well muscled. Males can reach heights up to 83 cm (33”). Dogs bred in the West weigh between 45–72 kg (100-160 pounds) although dogs in the upper range are often overweight. The enormous dogs being produced in some Western and some Chinese kennels would have“cost”too much to keep fed to have been useful to nomads; and their questionable structure would have made them less useful as livestock or property guardians. The Tibetan Mastiff is considered a primitive breed. It typically retains the hardiness which would be required for it to survive in Tibet and the high-altitude Himalayan range, including the northern part of Nepal, India*[4] and Bhutan. Instinctive behaviors including canine pack behavior contributed to the survival of the breed in harsh environments. It is one of the few primitive dog breeds that retains a single estrus per year instead of two, even at much lower altitudes and in much more temperate climates than its native climate. This characteristic is also found in wild canids

296 68.2. DESCRIPTION 297

Ten Prized Dogs series, Tibetan Mastiff. Artwork depicting a Tibetan Mastiff from the Qing Dynasty.

such as the wolf. Since its estrus usually takes place during late fall, most Tibetan Mastiff puppies are born between December and January.*[6] Its double coat is long, subject to climate, and found in a wide variety of colors, including solid black, black and tan, various shades of “red”(from pale gold to deep red) and bluish-gray (dilute black), often with white markings. Some breeders are now (2014) marketing“white”Tibetan Mastiffs. These dogs are actually very pale“gold”(like 298 CHAPTER 68. TIBETAN MASTIFF

Tibetan Mastiff at an international dog show in Poland

Tibetan Mastiff the Great Pyrenees), not truly white. Photoshop is often used to make dogs of normal color(s) appear “white”in advertisements. 68.2. DESCRIPTION 299

The coat of a Tibetan Mastiff lacks the unpleasant “big-dog”smell that affects many large breeds. The coat, whatever its length or color(s), should shed dirt and odors. Although the dogs shed somewhat throughout the year, there is generally one great “molt”in late winter or early spring and sometimes another, lesser molt in the late summer or early fall. (Sterilization of the dog may dramatically affect the coat as to texture, density, and shedding pattern.) Tibetan Mastiffs are shown under one standard in the West, but separated by the Indian breed standard into two varieties: Lion Head (smaller; exceptionally long hair from forehead to withers, creating a ruff or mane) and Tiger Head (larger; shorter hair).

68.2.2 Temperament

Tibetan Mastiff is a livestock guardian dog

As a flock guardian dog in Tibet and in the West, it is capable of confronting predators the size of wolves and leopards, although it uses all the usual livestock guardian tactics (e.g., barking, scent-marking perimeters) to warn them away and avoid direct confrontations.*[3] As a socialized, more domestic dog, it can thrive in a spacious, fenced yard with a canine companion, but it is generally not an appropriate dog for apartment living. The Western-bred dogs are generally more easy-going, although somewhat aloof with strangers coming to the home. Through hundreds of years of selective breeding for a protective flock and family guardian, the breed has been prized for being a nocturnal sentry, keeping would-be predators and intruders at bay, barking at sounds throughout the night. Leaving a Tibetan Mastiff outside all night with neighbors nearby is not recommended. They often sleep during the day, making them more active, alert and aware at night.*[3] Like all flock guardian breeds, they are intelligent and stubborn to a fault, so obedience training is recommended (although it is only mildly successful with some individuals) since this is a strong-willed, powerful breed. Unless they are to be used exclusively as livestock guardians, socialization obedience training is also critical with this breed because of their reserved nature with strangers and guardian instincts. They are excellent family dogs̶for the right family. Owners must understand canine psychology and be willing and able to assume the primary leadership position. Lack of consistent, rational discipline can result in the creation of dangerous, unpredictable dogs (although this is true of virtually every dog breed). The protectiveness of Tibetan Mastiffs requires alertness and planning by the owner in order to avoid mishaps when the dog is simply performing as a guardian. The breed is not recommended for novice dog owners.*[3]*[4] 300 CHAPTER 68. TIBETAN MASTIFF

Tibetan Mastiff in Tibet

68.3 Health

Unlike most large breeds, its life expectancy is long, some 10–14 years̶at least in some lines. Other, more closely inbred lines, produce short-lived, unhealthy dogs. The breed has fewer genetic health problems than many breeds, but cases can be found of hypothyroidism, entropion, ectropion, distichiasis, skin problems including allergies, autoim- mune problems including demodex, Addison's Disease, Cushing's Disease, missing teeth, malocclusion (overbite, 68.3. HEALTH 301

Tibetan Mastiff in Drepung Monastery. Lhasa, Tibet

underbite, wry mouth), cardiac problems, seizures, epilepsy, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), cataract, and small ear canals with a tendency for infection. As with most large breeds, some will suffer with elbow or hip dysplasia. Canine inherited demyelinative neuropathy (CIDN), an inherited condition, appeared in one of the prominent lines of Tibetan Mastiffs in the early 1980s.*[7] Unfortunately, known carriers were bred extensively and are behind many lines still being actively bred. Because the mode of inheritance appears to be as a simple recessive, continued in- breeding can still produce affected puppies. 302 CHAPTER 68. TIBETAN MASTIFF

A Chinese-bred Tibetan Mastiff

Hypothyroidism is fairly common in Tibetan Mastiffs, as it is in many large“northern”breeds. They should be tested periodically throughout their lives using a complete thyroid “panel”. (Simple T3/T4 testing is virtually useless.) However, because the standard thyroid levels were established using domestic dog breeds, test results must be con- sidered in the context of what is “normal”for the breed, not what is normal across all breeds. Many dogs of this breed will have “low”thyroid values but no clinical symptoms. Vets and owners differ on the relative merits of medicating dogs which test “low”, but are completely asymptomatic. Some researchers think that asymptomatic hypothyroidism may have been adaptive in the regions of origin for many breeds, since less nutrition is required for the dog to stay in good condition. Therefore, attempts to eliminate “low thyroid”dogs from the Tibetan Mastiff gene pool may have unintended consequences for the breed.

68.4 History

This is an ancient breed. It has been theorized that an early Tibetan dog is the ancestor to all Molossus breeds, although this is disputed by most experts. A highly questionable study at Nanjing Agricultural University's Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Genetics and Molecular Evolution in Nanjing, China, found that while most common dog breeds genetically diverged from the wolf approximately 42,000 years ago, the Tibetan Mastiff genetically diverged from the wolf approximately 58,000 years ago.*[8] In the early 19th century, King George IV owned a pair of Tibetan Mastiffs, and enough of the breed were available in England in 1906 to be shown at the Crystal Palace show. However, during the war years, the breed lost favor and focus and nearly died out in England. After 1980, the breed began to gain in popularity worldwide. Although the breed is still considered somewhat uncom- mon, as more active breeders arose and produced adequate numbers of dogs, various registries and show organizations 68.4. HISTORY 303

Tibetan dog from the 1850s

(FCI, AKC) began to recognize the breed. Since AKC recognition, the number of active breeders has skyrocketed, leading to over-production of puppies, many of which are highly inbred and of questionable quality. Initially, the breed suffered because of the limited gene pool from the original stock, but today's reputable breeders work hard at reducing the genetic problems through selective breeding and the international exchange of new bloodlines. However, some few breeders cling to the practice of inbreeding, do not perform health tests on their breeding stock, and do not support buyers of the puppies they produce. Many puppies and adult dogs end up in shelters and in rescue situations. In 2008, the Tibetan Mastiff competed for the first time in the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show. A Chinese woman was reported*[9] to have spent more than 4 million yuan to buy an 18-month-old purebred male Tibetan Mastiff, which she named Yangtze No. 2.*[10] In March 2011, a red Tibetan mastiff was reported to have been sold to a 'coal baron' from northern China for 10 million yuan.*[10] There have been other similar reports of dogs sold for astronomical prices; however, most of these appear to be breeders' attempts to drive up the prices of their dogs.*[11] Photos of dogs shown on web sites are frequently photoshopped to exaggerate color intensity, size, and “bone”. By 2015, due to copious production by breeders and unsuitability of the breed as a pet in urban situations, prices in China for the best dogs had fallen to about $2,000 and lower quality and cross-breed dogs were being abandoned.*[12] 304 CHAPTER 68. TIBETAN MASTIFF

68.5 Gallery

•

•

•

•

68.6 Popular culture

• A Tibetan Mastiff named Max is the central character in the 1993 horror film, Man's Best Friend. At least five different dogs were used in filming.

• A Tibetan Mastiff is the subject of the 2011 animated film The Tibetan Dog.

68.7 See also

• Dog of Osu

• Tibetan terrier

• Tibetan dog breeds

• Index of Tibet-related articles

68.8 References

[1] “The Tibetan & Himalayan Library”.

[2] Palika, Liz (2007). The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties. John Wiley & Sons. p. 374. ISBN 9780470175859.

[3] Messerchmidt, Don (2010). Discovering the Big Dogs of Tibet and the Himalayas: A Personal Journey.

[4] Tibetan Dogs - A Complete Anthology of the Breeds. Vintage Dog Books. November 18, 2010. ISBN 1445526719.

[5] “Tibetan Mastiff - mastifftibetan.ro”. Retrieved 31 January 2015.

[6] American Kennel Club - Tibetan Mastiff Did You Know?

[7]“The Tibetan Mastiff”by Ann Rohrer and Cathy J. Flamholtz

[8] Li Q, Liu Z, Li Y et al. (June 2008).“Origin and phylogenetic analysis of Tibetan Mastiff based on the mitochondrial DNA sequence”. Journal of Genetics and Genomics 35 (6): 335–40. doi:10.1016/S1673-8527(08)60049-1. PMID 18571121.

[9] “Rich Chinese Woman Pays More than US$500,000 for Rare Tibetan Mastiff Dog”.

[10] Bates, Daniel (March 17, 2011). “The million-pound mutt: Red Tibetan Mastiff becomes world's most expensive dog”. Daily Mail (London).

[11] “Dog 'sold for $2 million' in China”.

[12] Andrew Jacobs (April 17, 2015). “Once-Prized Tibetan Mastiffs Are Discarded as Fad Ends in China”. The New York Time. Retrieved April 18, 2015. waning interest has left many breeders with unwanted dogs.

• Alderton, David (1984). The Dog. London: Macdonald. ISBN 0356104435.

• Fogle, Bruce, DVM (2000). The New Encyclopedia of the Dog. Doring Kindersley (DK). ISBN 0-7894-6130- 7. 68.9. EXTERNAL LINKS 305

• “Tibetan Mastiff, 'Big Splash,' Becomes World's Most Expensive Dog”. The Huffington Post. May 25, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2012. • Kuang Ni [倪匡] (2000). 真的藏獒 (The Real Tibetan Mastiff). Beijing: Guo ji wen hua chu ban gong si. ISBN 7-80173-535-8. OCLC 229909428. • Messerschmidt, Don (2010). Big Dogs of Tibet and the Himalayas. Orchid Press ISBN 978-974-524-130-5.

• Palmer, Joan (1994). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds. ISBN 0-7858-0030-1. • Schuler, Elizabeth Meriwether (ed.) (1980). Simon & Schuster's Guide to Dogs. ISBN 0-671-25527-4.

• “World's most expensive dog costs a million pounds”. Sify News. IANS. March 16, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2012.

68.9 External links

• Tibetan Mastiff at DMOZ

• Tibetan Mastiff Craze Sweeps China̶slideshow by The Huffington Post Chapter 69

Tibetan Spaniel

The Tibetan Spaniel is a breed of assertive, small, intelligent dogs originating over 2,500 years ago in the Himalayan mountains of Tibet. They share ancestry with the Pekingese, Japanese Chin, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Terrier and Pug. This breed is not a true spaniel; its breeding and role differs quite a bit. (Spaniels are gun dogs.) The spaniel name may have been given due to its resemblance to the bred-down lapdog versions of the hunting spaniels, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. The Tibetan Spaniels are also called “Simkhyi”, which means house dog, room dog or even bedroom dog. They are the dog of highest order and are being kept as Lama dogs or with aristocrats. *[2]

69.1 Description

69.1.1 Appearance

The Tibetan Spaniel has a domed head that is small, in comparison to the body. It has a short blunt muzzle free of wrinkles. Teeth meet in an undershot or level bite. The nose is black. The eyes are medium but in keeping with the face and are set wide apart, these are oval in shape. The Tibetan Spaniel does not have extra skin around the eyes; this helps to tell the breed apart from the Pekingese. The ears hang down either side of the head to cheek level and are feathered with a v shape. The neck is covered in a mane of hair, which is more noticeable in the male of the breed. The Tibetan Spaniel's front legs are a little bowed and the feet are “hare-like”. This dog has a great feathered tail that is set high and is carried over their back. The coat is a silky double coat lying flat and is short and smooth on the face and leg fronts; it is medium in length on the body; it has feathering on the ears, toes and tail. Tibetan Spaniels come in all colours and be solid, shaded and multi-coloured. Colours that are seen are red, fawn, gold, white, cream, black and tan, and parti. Often there are white markings on the feet. By AKC breed standard,*[3] this breed grows to about 10 in (25 cm) at the shoulder, and the weight is 9–15 lb (4.1–6.8 kg). Slightly larger Tibetan Spaniels can often be found outside the show ring.

69.1.2 Temperament

Extremely intelligent, the Tibetan Spaniel is one of the most cat-like dog breeds. Their favorite pastime is looking out the window at the world. They will climb on the sofa, table, dresser, etc., to see what is going on outside. At the same time, they are highly affectionate and will often greet their owners by jumping into their lap and licking their face.*[4] Tibetan Spaniels are a social breed that needs regular contact with their humans. They do not respond well to being left alone for long periods of time. Having been developed as a companion dog by Tibetan monks they are emotional and empathetic to the needs of their owners. It is important to socialize Tibbies at an early age to a variety of people and situations. They are protective of their family. Even after socialization, they are typically aloof with strangers. If startled or uneasy, a Tibbie will express their distrust with loud alarm barking.

306 69.2. HISTORY 307

Parti-colored Tibetan Spaniel

While utterly devoted to their family members, Tibbies are fiercely independent with a tendency to wander off and explore rather than come when called. This quality - assertive, independent, and alert - is the standard temperament required by both the AKC and FCI breed standards.*[5]

69.2 History

69.2.1 Tibet

Small monastery dogs, thought to be early representatives of the Tibetan Spaniel, loyally trailed behind their Lama masters and came to be regarded as "little Lions" owing to their resemblance to the Chinese guardian lions that gave them great value and prestige. The practice of sending the dogs as gifts to the palaces of China and other Buddhist countries grew significantly, and more “lion dogs”were presented back to Tibet, continuing until as late as 1908. As a result of exchanges of Tibetan Spaniels between palaces and monasteries, the breed is likely to have common ancestors with Oriental breeds such as the Japanese Chin and the Pekingese. Not only was the Tibetan Spaniel prized as a pet and companion, it was a useful member of Tibetan monastic life. The little dogs would sit on the monastery walls, keeping watch over the countryside. Their keen eyesight and ability to see great distances made them excellent watchdogs. They would alarm bark to alert the monks and the Tibetan Mastiffs below. In addition to functioning as lookouts, the Tibetan Spaniels were trained to spin the monk's prayer wheels. They also slept with the monks at night to provide warmth.*[6] Village-bred Tibetan Spaniels varied greatly in size and type, and the smaller puppies were usually given as gifts to the monasteries. In turn, these smaller dogs used in the monastery breeding programs were probably combined with the more elegant Tibetan Spaniel-type dogs brought from China. Those bred closer to the Chinese borders were characterized by shorter muzzles. 308 CHAPTER 69. TIBETAN SPANIEL

Photograph of Tibetan Spaniels - 1899

69.2.2 Western World

Tibetan Spaniels were being bred in the United Kingdom by the 1890s. The first authenticated reference we find to Tibetan Spaniels in the United States is a litter born out of two imported dogs from a Tibetan monastery in 1965. In January 1971, the Tibetan Spaniel Club of America was formed with 14 charter members. An open secondary registry was maintained. After a period in the Miscellaneous classes, the Tibetan Spaniel was accepted for AKC registration and became eligible to compete as a Non-Sporting breed, effective January 1, 1984. The breed was recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1987 and placed in Group 9 Companion and Toy Dogs, Section 5 : Tibetan breeds.*[7]

69.2.3 Genetic History

Professor Ludvic von Schulmuth studied the origins of skeletal remains of dogs in human settlements as old as ten thousand years. The Professor created a genealogical tree of Tibetan dogs. It shows that the Gobi Desert Kitchen Midden Dog, a small scavenger, evolved into the Small Soft-Coated Drop-Eared Hunting Dog which then evolved into the Tibetan Spaniel, Pekingese, and Japanese Chin. Intermixing of the Tibetan Spaniel with the Tibetan breeds Lhasa Apso and Shih Tzu resulted in both the latter breeds birthing the occasional“Prapso”, a pup with a shedding coat closely resembling the Tibetan Spaniel.

69.3 Health

The Tibetan Spaniel is a generally healthy dog with a life expectancy of 13–16 years.*[8]

69.3.1 Progressive retinal atrophy

Progressive retinal atrophy is a genetic disease that can occur in the breed. The disease is an inherited form of blind- ness in dogs that has in two forms: generalized PRA and central PRA. Generalized PRA is primarily a photoreceptor disease and is the form found in Tibetan Spaniels. The clinical signs have been observed between 1½ and 4 years, but as late at seven years. The disease is painless and affected dogs become completely blind. Currently there is no treatment, but affected dogs generally adapt well to their progressive blindness. The earliest clinical sign of progressive retinal atrophy is “night blindness.”The dog cannot see well in a dimly lit room or at dusk. The dog will show a reluctance to move from a lighted area into darker surroundings. The night 69.3. HEALTH 309

Tibbies love cats

blindness develops progressively into complete blindness. The British institution Animal Health Trust (AHT) devoted intensive research for PRA in Tibetan Spaniels, isolating the responsible gene. The mutation was identified by Louise Downs, as part of her PhD studies. A DNA test based on this mutation became available July 8, 2013. Responsible breeders are working hard to eliminate PRA within the breed. Currently, the International Tibetan Spaniel Working Party*[9] collects health data including PRA history.

69.3.2 Portosystemic shunt

A portosystemic shunt is an abnormal vessel that allows blood to bypass the liver, one of the body's filters, so that it is not cleansed. This rare condition in Tibetan Spaniels is often referred to as a “liver shunt”. Most shunts cause recognizable symptoms by the time a dog is a young adult but are occasionally diagnosed only later in life. Since the severity of the condition can vary widely depending on how much blood flow is diverted past the liver it is possible for a lot of variation in clinical signs and time of onset. Often, this condition is recognized after a puppy fails to grow, allowing early diagnosis. Signs of portosystemic shunts include poor weight gain, sensitivity to sedatives (especially diazepam), depression, pushing the head against a solid object, seizures, weakness, salivation, vomiting, poor appetite, increased drinking and urinating, balance problems and frequent urinary tract disease or early onset of bladder stones. A dramatic increase of these signs after eating is a strong supportive sign of a portosystemic shunt.

69.3.3 Other issues

Like many breeds of dog, Tibetan Spaniels are susceptible to allergies. They can also experience cherry eye, a prolapsed third eyelid. Additionally, the shape of a Tibetan Spaniel's face makes it prone to a common cosmetic condition called weeping eye. 310 CHAPTER 69. TIBETAN SPANIEL

Tibbie in the Snow

69.4 See also

• Companion dog

• Companion Dog Group

• Toy Group

• Non-Sporting Group

• Utility Group

• Index of Tibet-related articles

• Foo Dog, dog breeds originating in China that resemble Chinese guardian lions and hence are also called Foo or Fu Dogs or Lion Dogs.

69.5 References

[1] “FCI-Standard N° 231 / 11. 05. 1998 / GB Tibetan Spaniel”. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Retrieved 2010- 10-16.

[2] https://books.google.com/books?id=zHUNBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT3&lpg=PT3&dq=Simkhyi%22,&source=bl&ots=SwN4nB4cDM& sig=IXJr0lt_2RoFLEeCrOSEydHzP6k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2Js9VZqaO8mhNryIgcAE&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage& q=Simkhyi%22%2C&f=false

[3] “AKC Tibetan Spaniel Breed Standard”.

[4] “Why the Tibetan Spaniel May Not be the Right Breed for You”.

[5] “FCI Tibetan Spaniel Breed Standard”.

[6] The Tibetan Spaniel - A Complete Anthology of the Dog. Vintage Dog Books. 2010. p. 20. ISBN 1445526735.

[7] Group 9, Section 5, Fédération Cynologique Internationale 69.6. EXTERNAL LINKS 311

[8] “Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey”.

[9] “International Tibetan Spaniel Working Party”.

• Miccio, Susan W. The Tibetan Spaniel: A Gift From The Roof of the World, OTR Publications, 1995. ISBN 0-940269-12-0

69.6 External links

• Tibetan Spaniel at DMOZ Chapter 70

Tibetan Terrier

The Tibetan terrier is a medium-size breed of dog which originated in Tibet.*[1] Despite its name, it is not a member of the terrier group. The breed was given its name by European travellers who first encountered it, because of its resemblance to known terrier breeds.*[2] The Tibetan name for the breed, tsang apso, roughly translates to“shaggy or bearded (apso) dog, from the province of Tsang". Some old travelers' accounts give the name dokhi apso or “outdoor”apso, indicating a working dog which lives outdoors. The history of the Tibetan terrier dates back to thousands of years.*[3]*[4] Bred and raised in monasteries by lamas, Tibetan terriers were kept as good luck charms, mascots, watchdogs, and companions. In addition to herding sheep, they were also used to retrieve articles that fell below mountain sides.*[5] Known as the“holy dogs of Tibet”, they were never sold but only given as gifts by monks to promote good fortune. As such, the early history of the breed is linked to only a handful of foundation dogs. Recent DNA analysis has concluded that the Tibetan terrier is descended from the most ancient dog breeds.*[6]

70.1 History

Because of the geographically isolated location of Tibet, Tibetan terriers were kept purebred for over 2,000 years.*[5] Monks and families referred to the ancient breed as “the little people”, for they were highly valued as companions who were eager to assist in protecting properties and flocks. Since the dog was considered a bringer of luck, mistreating or selling a Tibetan terrier was believed to cause bad luck to both family and village. The first Tibetan terrier to come to Europe came with Dr. A.R.H. Greig of England in 1922.*[7] She was given a gold and white female puppy“Bunti”for successfully performing an operation on a patient. After acquiring a second male “Rajah”, Dr. Greig established a kennel and began to breed them. The first litter was born in 1924, registered as Lhasa terriers. In 1930, the Kennel Club of India changed the breed's name to Tibetan terrier. The first Tibetan terriers in the USA were imported in 1956 by Dr. Henry and Mrs. Alice Murphy of Great Falls, Virginia. In 1973, the breed was recognized by the American Kennel Club and was classified into the non-sporting group.*[1] Tibetan terriers are related to and have contributed to the development of other Tibetan breeds, including the Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Spaniel,*[8] Polish Lowland Sheepdog,*[9] among others.

• Tibetan terrier, white coat with red patches

• Young Tibetan terrier (7 months)

• Cream coloured Tibetan terrier. The tail is set high, well feathered, and carried in a curl over the back.

• Tibetan terrier, black coat.

312 70.2. DESCRIPTION 313

Tibetan terrier portrait

70.2 Description

70.2.1 Appearance

The Tibetan terrier is a powerful, medium-sized dog of square proportions, with a shaggy coat. They vary widely in height and weight,*[10] ranging from 14-16 in (35–41 cm) and is 18-30 lb (8–14 kg), with 20-24 lb (9.5–11 kg) preferred for either sex. All weights are acceptable if in proportion to the size. Fully grown, the Tibetan Terrier resembles a miniaturized Old English Sheepdog. The head is moderate, with a strong muzzle of medium length, and 314 CHAPTER 70. TIBETAN TERRIER

Tibetan Terrier

a skull neither rounded nor flat. The eyes are large, dark, and set fairly far apart. The V-shaped drop ears are well feathered, and should be set high on the sides of the skull. Although the preferred colour for the nose is black, in showdogs, they are also sometimes brown. The body is well muscled and compact. The length of the back should be equal to the height at the withers, giving the breed its typical square look. The tail is set high, well feathered, and carried in a curl over the back. One of the more unusual features of the Tibetan Terrier is the broad, flat feet with hair between the toes. They are ideal for climbing mountains and act as natural snow shoes.

Coat

The hair of Tibetans has a long growth cycle. As a result, their coat grows quite long and pet animals will require occasional trimming.*[11] They do not shed like dogs with shorter hair growth cycles, but rather slough hair at a rate similar to that of most humans. The exception is at approximately nine months when puppies slough their entire coat in advance of acquiring their adult coat. The double coat is profuse, with a warm undercoat and a topcoat which has the texture of human hair. It should not be silky or curled, but wavy is acceptable. Long and thick, it is shown natural, but should not be so long as to touch the floor, as is typical in breeds such as the Lhasa Apso or Maltese. A fall of hair covers the face and eyes, but long eyelashes generally prevent hair from getting in the Tibetan Terrier's eyes, and the breed has very good eyesight. The coat of the Tibetan Terrier requires regular and careful grooming to keep tangles from forming. 70.3. ACTIVITIES 315

Tibetan Terrier

This coat has been verified by canine experts to help the Tibetan Terrier withstand temperatures as low as −50 °C for prolonged periods of time.

Color

All colors are permissible, barring liver and chocolate, and none are preferred. Gold is the rarest. Tibetan Terriers are available in any combination of solid, parti-color, tricolor, brindle or piebald, as long as the nose leather is black and the eyes and eye rims are dark.*[12]

70.2.2 Temperament

The temperament has been one of the most attractive aspects of the breed since it was first established. They are amiable and affectionate family dogs, sensitive to their owners and gentle with older children if properly introduced. As is fitting for a dog formerly used as a watch dog, they tend to be reserved around strangers, but should never be aggressive nor shy with them. Though not prone to excessive barking, the Tibetan Terrier has an assertive bark. Suitable for apartment living, the Tibetan is still an energetic and surprisingly strong dog, and needs regular exercise. The energy level of the Tibetan is moderate to high and its general nature is happy, active, lively, intelligent and agile. As a result, they are well suited for dog sports such as agility. They are steadfast, determined, and clever, which can lead to them being stubborn. Tibetan Terriers are usually charming and loyal. Some dogs of this breed can often be jealous, which can make it hard to live with another pet.

70.3 Activities

The Tibetan Terrier can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, rally obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and even herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Tibetan Terriers that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[13] 316 CHAPTER 70. TIBETAN TERRIER

Tibetan Terrier Puppy

70.4 Health

A UK Kennel Club survey puts the average lifespan of the breed at 12 years. About one in five lives to 15 years or more, with the longest-lived Tibetan Terrier having lived to 18.25 years.*[14] Though an athletic breed that has been bred for a natural look, the Tibetan Terrier is still susceptible to a variety of health problems, especially those related to the eyes and joints.*[15] These problems can include canine hip dysplasia, luxating patella, progressive retinal atrophy, lens luxation, cataracts and heart murmurs. Tibetans also have a history of being somewhat allergic to dairy, wheat and grains. Because of these potential health conditions Tibetan Terrier clubs recommend purchasing from breeders who participate in eye and hip testing, such as the Canine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF) and Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA). In addition, Tibetan Terriers can carry the genetic disease canine neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, called Batten disease in humans. The first symptom of the disease is night blindness. Blindness and neurological signs such as epilepsy, motor abnormalities, dementia and unexpected aggression will follow some years later.*[16] The gene responsible for the disease in Tibetan Terriers was identified in 2009 and there is now a DNA test for it.*[16]*[17] A German study showed that about 1/3 of Tibetan Terriers are carriers, but no affected dogs has been produced since the introduction 70.5. SEE ALSO 317 of the DNA test as the German breed club requirements forbid carriers from being bred together.*[16]

70.5 See also

• Companion dog • Index of Tibet-related articles

• Companion Dog Group

• Utility Group • Non-Sporting Group

70.6 References

[1] American Kennel Club (2013). Get to know the Tibetan Terrier. Retrieved from http://www.akc.org/breeds/tibetan_ terrier/index.cfm

[2] GotPetsOnline.com (2013). Tibetan Terriers. Retrieved from http://www.gotpetsonline.com/pictures/gallery/dogs/terrier-dogs/ tibetan-terriers/

[3] Pure-bred Dogs, American Kennel Gazette, Volume 105, p.135, American Kennel Club

[4] The Auburn Veterinarian, Volumes 28-30. Student Chapter of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 1971. p. 39.

[5] Tibetan Terrier Club of America (2012). About the Breed: History. Retrieved from http://ttca-online.org/html/history.html

[6] Ostrander, Elaine A. (2007).“Genetics and the Shape of Dogs”. American Scientist 95 (5): 406. doi:10.1511/2007.67.3724.

[7] Reif, Jane (1996). The Tibetan Terrier book. Southfarm Press. ISBN 0-9672628-0-1.

[8] Pugnetti, Gino. Simon & Schuster's Guide to Dogs. Simon & Schuster. p. 121.

[9] Dogs All-in-One For Dummies. Wiley. p. 532.

[10] Wikerd, Marjorie (2011). “Non-Sporting Group: Tibetan Terriers”. AKC Gazette (American Kennel Club) 128 (3): 70.

[11] Purina (2013). Breed Library: Tibetan Terrier. Retrieved from http://www.purina.com.au/owning-a-dog/dog-breeds/ Tibetan-Terrier

[12] American Kennel Club (2013). Tibetan Terrier: Breed Standards. Retrieved from http://www.akc.org/breeds/tibetan_ terrier/breed_standard.cfm

[13] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.

[14] “Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey”.

[15] Discovery Communications, LLC. (2013). Animal Planet Tibetan Terrier Guide: Care and Health Retrieved from http: //animal.discovery.com/breed-selector/dog-breeds/non-sporting/tibetan-terrier.html

[16] Kluth, S.; Eckardt, J.; Distl, O. (2014). “Selection response to DNA testing for canine ceroid lipofuscinosis in Tibetan terriers”. The Veterinary Journal. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.029.

[17] http://www.offa.org/dnatesting/ncl.html| administered by the Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals (U.S.A.)

70.7 External links

• Tibetan Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 71

Tornjak

The Tornjak is a mountain sheep dog native to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. FCI #355 as Bosnian- Herzegovinian and Croatian Shepherd Dog (official English name) or Tornjak (official original name).*[1]

71.1 Appearance

A Croatian female participating the European Winner Show 2008 in Budapest, Hungary.

Tornjaks are large and powerful dogs, with well proportioned, almost square-bodied features and agile movements. The dog's bones are not light, but nevertheless not heavy nor coarse. They have long and thick double coat with a thick undercoat. The bodies of these dogs are strong and well built, with harmonious and dignified movements. The

318 71.2. TEMPERAMENT 319 dogs have long and thick hair and this adequately protects them against poor weather conditions. The dogs typically possess shaggy tails, kept high like a flag. Tornjaks have a clear, self-confident, serious and calm disposition. In general the Tornjak is a long coated dog with short hair over the face and legs. The topcoat is long, thick, coarse and straight. It is especially long on the upper part of the croup, over the shoulders and the back it can be slightly wavy. On the muzzle and the forehead, up to the imaginary line connecting the ears, over the ears and on the front parts of legs and feet it is short. It is especially abundant around the neck (mane), dense and long over the upper thighs (breeches). It forms feathers along the forearms. With well coated dogs it is also especially abundant on the rear of hind pasterns. Tornjaks can be either solid colored or parti-colored, usually the color white predominates. The color of Tornjaks is unrestricted, all colors are accepted. It ranges from nearly completely white to almost black with yellow, red, brown and not-quite-desired gray in between. There are two main types: piebald and Irish spotting. Originally, it was made a goal to breed varying colors and patterns so shepherds could distinguish their dogs easily from a distance. Breeders also strife towards distinction compared to other breeds.

Head Lupine, wedge-shaped and elongated. Due to the heavy coat it could look too small sometimes. Powerful and long jaws, teeth complete, scissor bite. The back of the muzzle is straight. The zygomatic arches above the eyes may be slightly noticeable. Back of skull elongated but not narrow, straight from zygomatic arches to occiput. Top of the muzzle is straight, proportional, never pointed or excessively fleshy, lips fitted tightly to the jaws. Almond shaped eyes, eyelids close to the skull. Large ears, that are single turned downwards, set high up nearer to the vertex than in other sheepdogs breeds.

Neck Long, carried low, set at 45 degrees when alert. Neck muscles firm and taut. Skin quite thick especially at the nape of the neck and adheres to the inner tissue not only on the upper but also on the lower side of the neck. Covered with a rich crop of long hair (ruff).

Back Relatively short, firm, moderately wide and level.

Tail Long, can be saber-shaped, annular or hooked (slight upward turn at the tip), set medium high. Highly mobile, at rest hanging downwards. When in motion - trotting - or when alert or excited, always carried above the back.

Chest Very broad, conically deep, wide and rounded, but ribs not heavy. The breast is well-proportioned and forms a firmly connected unit between shoulder joint and chest. As a rule, the sternum (breast bone) tip is a little below the shoulder joint.

Belly Firm muscles, continuous lower line, moderately tucked-up from the back end of sternum to the inside of loins.

Coat As a rule, long coated with short hair on face and front part of legs. Top coat is long, hard textured (similar to goats) and straight. On the front part of shoulders and backside of rump it can be slightly wavy. Particularly well developed on the neck and also very rich and long below the tail, forming trousers. Feathering on the forearm and very rich feathering on the tail. Upper hair is especially long on the upper rump just before tail set. Firmly closed and not able to be opened in parting.

71.2 Temperament

Tornjak has a calm temperament. A typical adult Tornjak is very calm, peaceful, at first sight an indifferent animal, but when the situation demands it, it is a vigilant and very alert watchdog. The character of Tornjak is equal to the temperament, they are not nervous and not aggressive in general, they are very tough not too demanding sturdy dogs. With their human family they are very emotional. When the Tornjak live in a pack they are highly social animals and there isn't any fighting between the pack members. Towards strangers or other animals, as a rule, Tornjak is not overly aggressive. But when the situation calls upon it, Tornjak is quite decisive and it can without any consideration attack even much stronger rivals. Shepherds used to say that a Tornjak who guards the flock is a fair match to two wolves, and a couple will confront and chase away a bear without any undue respect. In these situations Tornjaks are very tenacious. 320 CHAPTER 71. TORNJAK

The coat is shorter in the Summer.

71.3 History

Tornjaks belong to the rare livestock protection breeds and share many characteristics with other Mountain dogs. The Tornjak is one of the very old breeds from ancient times, and it was mentioned in handwritten papers for the first time in the 9th century, in the documents of the Catholic Church. The breed was later mentioned in the 11th and 14th century. Description of Tornjak's from these documents are the very same as they are today, except for the name of the breed, which was Bosanski Ovčar, meaning Bosnian Shepherd Dog.*[2] It was also called the Hrvatski pas planinac, meaning Croatian mountain dog.*[3] The dogs in these documents were described entirely equal (in respect to their function and their appearance) as they are today: a protective guarding dog which keeps and watches all what their owners ask from them, but highly intelligent and selectively bred to be without excessive aggression. They are also pleasant against strangers that they meet outside of their domain. It is considered that the dogs of the Tornjak's type have existed in the area around and in Dinarides (Dinaric Alps), especially in the region around Vlašić (close to the city of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) as a central area of the 71.4. ACTIVITIES 321

A group of Bosnian and Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherds with Tornjaks from Bosnia being presented in international dog show, Budapest 2008. region since the Roman times. The Romans used their dogs for war and as guardian dogs, as well as for fighting in the arena. Although the Tornjak is a very old breed, with the vanishing of nomadic sheep herding the Tornjak also gradually vanished. In the early 1970s, a group of local cynologists began to collect the remaining dogs which best corresponded to the old writings about the breed.*[4] The first written traces about the existence of Tornjak dogs date back to the 9th century. Descriptions about the Tornjak were found in the writings of Peter Horvat, bishop of Đakovo, Croatia, which date back to the year 1374, those descriptions were also found in the writings of Peter Lukić, Canon of the Đakovo diocese, which were written in 1752. The term 'Tornjak' evolved from the Bosnian/Croatian word “tor”, which means an enclosed area where the sheep live in. To this day, these dogs are called Toraši (Torashi) in the surroundings of the city of Sinj and on the Kamešnica mountain, whereas the shepherds of the Dinara-mountains call them Dinarci. It is theorized (although not proven) that the Tornjak, as with other Livestock guardian dog breeds, are descended from the dogs that were developed somewhere around 9000 years ago in Mesopotamia following the domestication of sheep and goats in the same area.*[4] Tornjaks were first imported to the UK in 2013 with intentions of working towards UK Kennel Club Recognition.

71.4 Activities

Tornjak's exercise levels are usually not demanding, especially in the first 9–12 months (during the last intensive growth period). After that they can exercise as much as possible. They prefer long walks without a leash and a lot of playing with other dogs. They will also be just as satisfied with only a 20 minute walk if its owner is in a hurry. Tornjaks learn quickly and do not forget easily; they happily perform tasks and are therefore easy to train. Strong and hardy, during the snowy winter nights, these dogs lie on the ground and often get covered with snow without freezing due to their thick coats. They are primarily used for herding and protection of livestock. 322 CHAPTER 71. TORNJAK

71.5 Care

Tornjak is not recommended for the apartment life. They need space and will do best with at least a large yard. Because its thick coat protects it so well it can happily cope with living outdoors provided it has proper shelter. This breed is best suited to a family with lots of space surrounding the home where it can attend to its own exercise needs. Tornjak is a very healthy breed, but because they were very poorly fed in their past, they now do not need so much proteins in their food. For feeding Tornjaks a low protein diet is suitable. High protein diet can lead to the development of coat problems. Climbing up and downstairs the first six months can ruin theirs hock joints or lead to hip dysplasia (canine). Tornjak needs early socialization. Early experiences (before 9 months of age) has a very significant effect throughout the dog's life. They need to be confronted with all potentially fearful stimuli as early as possible in order to avoid later fear reactions. Traffic noise, big trucks and buses will provoke fear reactions in adulthood if the Tornjak has not previously faced these situations as a puppy. In this early age all Tornjak puppies have to meet as many unknown people as possible, and also other animals, dogs, and pets especially, for developing a good and stable behavior as an adult.

71.6 References

[1] Breeds Provisionally Accepted. FCI. Retrieved May 12th 2014.

[2] http://www.bhtornjak.com/en/

[3] http://www.tornjak.net/kingtor/en/standard.htm

[4] http://www.123dog.net/servlets/gateway/user/GalleryNews.jsp/id/256/typeid/3002/jlang/en/dogs.html

71.7 External links

• Tornjak History

• Tornjak info page

• Tornjak history and profile page

• Tornjak online pedigree database

• Kennel club “Tornjak”, Zagreb

• Tornjak info

• Tornjak

• Tornjak Dani Homepage

• Assertor Unicus Tornjaks kennel

• Boss-tor Tornjaks kennel

• Canmontana Tornjaks kennel

• Dalmatinski vrisak Tornjaks kennel

• Hrvatska dika Tornjaks kennel

• Iz Malega Vrhka Tornjaks kennel in Slovenia

• King-Tor Tornjaks kennel

• Les hauts de malforêt Tornjaks kennel

• Planinski vitez Tornjaks kennel 71.7. EXTERNAL LINKS 323

• Rumblerush's Tornjaks kennel

• Tertzo's Tornjaks kennel • Vala Liburna Tornjaks kennel

• Vom Lohhof-Rudel Tornjaks kennel • Zlatna Sapa Tornjaks kennel

• Tor Bohemia Tornjaks kennel • Tornjak UK on Facebook

• Tornjak UK Web page Chapter 72

Tosa (dog)

The Tosa (⼟佐, also called the Tosa Inu) is a breed of dog of Japanese origin that is considered rare. It was originally bred in Tosa (present day Kōchi) as a fighting dog and still is today.

72.1 Appearance

The Tosa varies considerably in size, with the Japanese-bred dogs tending to be about half the size of those bred outside the country. The Japanese breed generally weighs between 80 and 135 pounds (36 and 61 kg), while the non-Japanese breeders have focused on dogs that weigh from 130 to 200 lb (60 to 90 kg) and stand 24.5 to 32 inches (62 to 82 cm) at the withers.* The coat is characterized by its short and smooth appearance and is often red, brindle, or fawn. Occasionally it can be a dull black, but this is somewhat rare. Maintenance of the coat is usually minimal.

72.2 History

This breed originated in the second half of the nineteenth century. The breed started from the native Shikoku-Inu, an indigenous dog weighing about 25 kilograms (45 pounds) and standing about 55 centimetres high, which closely resembles the European Spitz. These dogs were crossed with European dog breeds, such as the Old English Bulldog in 1872, Mastiff in 1874, St. Bernard, German Pointer in 1876, Great Dane in 1924, and the Bull Terrier.* The aim was to breed a larger, more powerful dog. The heyday of Tosa breeding was between 1924 and 1933, when it was said that there were more than 5,000 Tosa breeders in Japan.

72.3 Legal matters

Ownership of Tosas is legally restricted in certain jurisdictions. In the United Kingdom ownership is regulated under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, and in Trinidad & Tobago under the Dangerous Dogs Act 2000.*[1] A specific exemption of a British court is required to own and import Tosas legally in the UK.*[2] Some insurance companies will not insure homes with dog breeds deemed dangerous. The Australian Customs Service prohibits the import of Tosas, along with other dog breeds considered dangerous, into Australia.* The Tosa is one of eleven breeds of dog banned in 2007 by the Dublin City Council from their properties, including council houses, flats and estates.* The breed is illegal/banned in:

• United Kingdom • Australia.*[3]*[4] • Cyprus • Denmark*[5]

324 72.3. LEGAL MATTERS 325

The head of a Tosa

• Hong Kong

• Iceland**

• Israel

• Malaysia where the country's government claimed that the Tosas are specifically bred for fighting; the step was made in order to combat the increasing number of dog attacks on humans, especially children.

• Malta

• New Zealand*

• Norway,*[6]

• Singapore,*[7]

• Turkey*[8]

• Tunisia*[9] 326 CHAPTER 72. TOSA (DOG)

Tosa Inu puppies 4 months

72.4 See also

• Dog fighting • Japan Kennel Club

72.5 References

[1] “Act No. 32 of 2000, Legal Supplement Part A” (PDF). Trinidad and Tobago Gazette (Fifth Session Fifth Parliament Republic of Trinidad and Tobago) 39 (156). 16 August 2000. Retrieved 16 May 2013.

[2] “Dangerous Dogs Act 1991”. London: HMSO/National Archives. 1991. Retrieved 8 February 2010. |chapter= ignored (help)

[3] “Importation of Pets in Malta”. MFGC. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2010.

[4] “Hayvanları Koruma Kanunu”. Retrieved 26 April 2012.

[5] “Vejledning om hundelovens forbudsordning” (in Danish). Justitsministeriet. Retrieved 2011-07-20.

[6] “Forskrift om hunder”. Lovdata. 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2009-08-25.

[7] “Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore List of Scheduled Dogs” (PDF). ava. Retrieved 2014-01-24.

[8] “Hayvanları Koruma Kanunu”. Retrieved 26 April 2012.

[9] “Prohibitions et restrictions”. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

1. ^ Fogle, Bruce, DVM (2000). The New Encyclopedia of the Dog. Doring Kindersley (DK). ISBN 0-7894- 6130-7. 2. ^ Cunliffe, Juliette (2004). The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds. Parragon Publishing. ISBN 0-7525-8276-3. 72.6. FURTHER READING 327

3. ^ Australian customs web page on dog importation

4. ^ Ireland.com report on Dublin City Council ban 5. ^ The New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs rules on dog control

6. ^ REGLUGERÐ um innflutning gæludýra og hundasæðis. As on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2010

7. ^ Hvaða hundar eða hundakyn eru bönnuð á Íslandi? As on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2010

72.6 Further reading

• Ostuni, Steve (2003). Japanese Tosa. Allenhurst: Kennel Club Books. ISBN 1-59378-336-1.

72.7 External links

• Tosa (dog) at DMOZ Chapter 73

Toy Bulldog

The Toy Bulldog is an extinct dog breed that existed in England at 18th and early 19th centuries. Breeders were working in two different directions to create this breed. One was to downsize the Bulldog. This was not very successful due to complications with breeding sub regular size dogs of this breed together. The dwarf size Bulldog puppies were and still are occasionally born out of regular size parents, but they were neither the healthiest, nor the most fertile dogs. As well, they often produced regular size puppies. Thus, this version of the breed had never been established. Another attempt of creating the Toy Bulldog was via crossbreeding French Bulldogs, English Bulldog, and their offspring to decrease the weight to desirable 20 Lbs or so. There were several dogs, and the breed was presented by “The French Toy Bulldog Club of England”to the Kennel Club. However, this version of the breed had not been developed to the point of recognition as well. English breeders and Kennel Club representatives rightfully refused to call a mixed breed dog a Bulldog.*[1] Nowadays term“Toy Bulldog”is occasionally used to describe a small variety of another cross known as a“Miniature Bulldog”. This is not an established breed, but a hybrid, resulting from crossbreeding English Bulldogs, Pugs and/or their offspring.*[2]

73.1 References

[1] Drury, W.D. (1903). British dogs, their points, selection, and show preparation. London, New York: L.U. Gill, C. Scribner's sons.

[2] http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/miniaturebulldog.htm

328 Chapter 74

Toy Fox Terrier

The Toy Fox Terrier is a small terrier breed of dog, directly descended from the larger Fox Terrier but considered a separate breed.

74.1 Description

74.1.1 Appearance

Toy Fox Terriers are small dogs with a muscular and athletic appearance. Notable characteristic traits include a short glossy and predominantly white coat, coupled with a predominantly solid head, and a short, high-set tail. The breed has been deemed elegant and graceful with V-shaped ears and large eyes. The tail can be short and straight or long and shiny, and breeders often shorten the tail a few days after birth by clipping it about three-fifth of the way from the tip (at the third or fourth joint). The coat is short, fine, and glossy in black with tan, with areas of tan on the face; there are two other variants, one with 'chocolate' replacing the black in areas (the UKC does not allow this variant to be shown), and another which is all white and tan with no black at all. These variants are often known as 'Tri-Color', 'Chocolate', and 'Tan and White', respectively. The height ranges from 8.5–11.5 inches at the shoulder (21.5–29.2 cm) and weight from 3.5-9 pounds. They are in many ways similar to the Miniature Fox Terrier.

74.1.2 Temperament

Toy Fox Terriers, like many active and intelligent breeds, can learn to respond to a number of words. Toy Fox Terriers were used commonly in circus shows by clowns, and they are said to make great companions for owners with a good sense of humor. As a terrier breed, they are often active, though perhaps not as active as the Jack Russell Terrier, and are said to be well suited for older owners. They are quite trainable and often cited as making wonderful companions for people with disabilities. They are also very lovable and loyal to their owners. In addition, dogs of this breed tend not to bark very much if they are trained well.*[1]

74.2 Grooming

The Toy Fox Terrier is easy to groom, although grooming is generally seen as unneeded due to how short the hairs are (under a centimetre in length most of the time). Sometimes, it is necessary to comb and brush the coat. The hairs shed very frequently.

74.2.1 Oral

A Toy Fox Terrier should be given denta-bones or other chewable toys to prevent, as with most small breeds, tartar build-up that can lead to periodontal disease. As well, daily brushing has been shown to be very beneficial as well as regular dental cleanings from the vet.

329 330 CHAPTER 74. TOY FOX TERRIER

An 8 year old Male Fox Terrier of the common 'Tri-Color' variant. Note that the tan on the face dulls with age.

74.3 About

Toy Fox Terriers adapt well to apartment life but love to have room to run. They are active indoors and will do without a yard, as they can usually take care of their own exercise needs. They often have trouble tolerating cold weather without careful acclimation. Their life expectancy is about fifteen years (since the breed has only been officially recognized by groups like the UKC and the AKC since 2000, there is little official documentation). Toy Fox Terriers are significantly healthful and resilient, however, as with many toy breeds, some are prone to patellar luxation (slipped stifle). Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome and von Willebrand's disease are uncommon. Some dogs are allergic to beet pulp, corn, and wheat. Some dogs are also allergic to tomatoes.

74.4 History

Some Toy Fox Terrier breeders can trace their dogsʼlineage back to a Smooth Fox Terrier called“Foiler”, the first fox terrier registered by the Kennel Club in Britain, circa 1875-76. It is believed that careful breeding from smaller 74.5. SEE ALSO 331

Smooth Fox Terriers without crosses to other toy breeds such as Manchester Terrier and Chihuahua resulted in the Toy Fox Terrier of today. Toy Fox Terriers were recognized by the United Kennel Club (UKC) in 1936 and placed in the Terrier Group, and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2003 (Toy Group).*[2]

Male and female Toy Fox Terriers of the common 'Tri-Color' variant.

74.5 See also

• Fox Terrier, for additional details on history, genetics, coat color, etc.

• Rare breeds

74.6 References

[1] American Toy Fox Terrier Club - ATFTC

[2] http://www.akc.org/breeds/toy_fox_terrier/index.cfm

• Davidson, John F., The Toy Fox Terrier - Wired for Action (a 2006 revision of The Toy Fox Terrier) • Hopkins, Eliza and Flamholtz, Cathy The Toy Fox Terrier

• Bielsky-Braham, Tanya, Send in the Clowns. AKC Gazette, December, 2002

74.7 External links

• Toy Fox Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 75

Toy Manchester Terrier

The Toy Manchester Terrier is a breed of dog, categorized as a terrier. The breed was bred down in size in North America from the Manchester Terrier, and is placed in the Toy Group by the American Kennel Club and the Canadian Kennel Club (the Manchester Terrier is placed in the Terrier Group.) Neither the Fédération Cynologique Internationale nor The Kennel Club recognize a Toy variety of the Manchester Terrier.

75.1 History

The Manchester Terrier, from which the Toy Manchester Terrier was bred, was developed in the 19th century from crosses between an old Black and Tan Terrier with the Whippet, along with other breeds, primarily for rat- catching.*[1]In England, another breed was also developed in the 19th century in Manchester, the English Toy Terrier, as a separate breed from the Manchester Terrier. The English Toy Terrier was a popular pet in Victorian England, and bred to be very small, some weighing as little as 1 kg (2.2 lbs.)*[2] The Toy Manchester Terrier breed was developed by breeding down the Manchester Terrier in size. In the United States in the 1920s the breed was called the Toy Black and Tan Terrier. The name was changed to the Toy Manchester Terrier and the American Toy Manchester Terrier Club was formed in the 1930s. The American Toy Manchester Terrier was recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1938, but by the 1950s the breed had declined and the breed club ceased to exist. Due to declining numbers of the breed, the Toy Manchester Terrier breed was re-defined as a size division of the Manchester Terrier in 1958 by the American Kennel Club, and the club name (including the two breeds as varieties) was changed to the American Manchester Terrier Club in 1958.*[3] In England, the very similar English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) has also declined, to the point where it is listed by the Kennel Club as being in danger of extinction.*[4] In order to rescue the breed, the Kennel Club has opened the stud book to allow certain selected examples of the North American Toy Manchester Terrier to be registered and bred as an English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan). However, the two breeds are not considered to be identical, and the standards for the two breeds show different requirements.

75.2 Appearance

The Toy Manchester Terrier in North America is a small, long legged dog with a short coat marked with tan, a long tail and ears which stand upright. In color and general conformation the Toy Manchester Terrier follows the standard for the Manchester Terrier. However, the Toy Manchester Terrier cannot exceed 12 pounds (5.4 kg) in weight; and, unlike the larger Manchester Terrier, for the Toy Manchester Terrier, cropped ears are a disqualification. Ears should be wide at the base and pointed at the tip. Flaring “bell”ears are a serious fault, meaning that it is undesirable to breed a dog with such ears; it does not mean that the dog has any disadvantages as a companion.

75.2.1 Black and Tan

Black and Tan is a dog coat colour that derives from one of the alleles known to exist at the genes mapped in dogs, and can be recognised with genetic testing (agouti gene, a*t a*t).*[5]

332 75.3. SIMILAR BREEDS 333

75.3 Similar breeds

The English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) is considered to be the same breed as the Toy Manchester Terrier. In contrast with the Toy Manchester Terrier though, the desirable size for the English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) is slightly smaller, and wider ears are also preferred. The German Miniature Pinscher is another toy dog that some think resembles the Toy Manchester Terrier, but they really are quite different and have a very different ancestry. The Russian Russkiy Toy is another similar dog, developed in Russia from early imports of the English Toy Terrier. They may be of various colours, not just Black and Tan, indicating a possible background in other breeds as well.

75.4 See also

• Toy Terrier

75.5 References

[1] Breed history from the American Manchester Terrier Club

[2] English Toy Terrier

[3] Breed History and Information

[4] Vulnerable Native Breeds

[5] Black-And-Tan, geneticist Sheila Schmutz Chapter 76

Toy Trawler Spaniel

The Toy Trawler Spaniel is an extinct breed of Spaniel which physically was similar to the King Charles Spaniel of the 16th century. It is considered to have descended from the original King Charles Spaniel, and the older variety of Sussex Spaniel. It was originally used as a sporting dog, but became used as a toy and show dog. It was considered to be on the verge of extinction by 1920. A preserved specimen is kept in Tring at the Natural History Museum.

76.1 History

Toy Trawler Spaniel, Rothschild Zoological Museum, Tring, England

334 76.2. DESCRIPTION 335

The specific origin of the species is unknown but in 1919 was thought to have been descended from the originally curly coated King Charles Spaniel and the old-fashioned curly coated Sussex Spaniel.*[1] Its original purpose may have been as a sporting dog, but became more frequently used as a toy dog. By 1907, the breed was more popular in Europe than in the UK, especially in the Netherlands and Italy.*[2] There is a preserved specimen at the Natural History Museum at Tring. Named Robin, it was bred by Lady Wentworth and was born in 1911. It died in 1920 when the breed was said to be “nearly extinct”.*[3] Lady Wentworth wrote about using Toy Trawler Spaniels to re-breed the original King Charles Spaniel in her book “Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors Including the History And Management of Toy Spaniels, Pekingese, Japanese and Pomeranians”published under the name of the “Hon. Mrs Neville Lytton” in 1911.*[4]

76.2 Description

The Trawler Spaniel was considered to be a throwback to the original King Charles Spaniel.*[5] The head was small and light, with an upwards tip on its short black nose. The top of the skull was flat and not dome shaped, and had long ears set forward. Its coat was generally feathered quite long and was described as curly but not woolly, and its body was quite solidly built.*[1] Its height was variable, ranging from 11–13 inches (28–33 cm) at the withers although examples were given at 9 inches (23 cm), with proportionate weight given for a 13 inches (33 cm) high dog weighing 15 pounds (6.8 kg).*[6] The preferred colour was black with a white waistcoat, then a red with white waistcoat but they also came in black and white, and red and white.*[1] They were described as being very sweet, but also very bold and courageous with timidity considered a fault in the show ring.*[1]

76.3 References

Specific

[1] Mrs. Leslie Williams (1919).“The Toy Trawler Spaniel”. A Manual Of Toy Dogs: How To Breed, Rear, And Feed Them. chestofbooks.com. Retrieved 2009-11-29.

[2] Leighton, Robert (1907). The New Book of the Dog (PDF). Cassell and Company Ltd. p. 440. Retrieved 2009-11-29.

[3] “Toy Trawler Spaniel”. Dogbreedtypes.com. Retrieved 2009-11-29.

[4] Lytton (1911): p. 81-82

[5] Lytton (1911): p. 80

[6] Lytton (1911): p. 160

General

• Lytton, Mrs. Neville (1911). Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors Including the History And Management of Toy Spaniels, Pekingese, Japanese and Pomeranians. London, England: Duckworth & Co. Retrieved 2009-11-29. Chapter 77

Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound (Hungarian: erdélyi kopó, also known as the Transylvanian Scent Hound or Hun- garian Hound)*[2] is an ancient dog breed of Hungary, historically primarily used for hunting. It is a strong, medium-sized scent hound, characterized by a black body, with tan and sometimes white markings on the muzzle, chest and extremities, and distinctive tan eyebrow spots. It has a high-pitched bark for a dog of its size. The breed was rescued from extinction by focused breeding efforts in the late 20th century. There were formerly two varieties, the long-legged and short-legged, developed for different kinds of hunting in the Middle Ages. Only the long-legged strain survives.*[2]

77.1 History

The ancestors of the Transylvanian Hound came with the invading Magyar tribes in the ninth century, who brought in hounds and crossed them with local varieties and with Polish hounds. The dog was the favourite of the Hungarian aristocracy during the breed's peak in the Middle Ages, for hunting various game animals*[2] Two height varieties developed to hunt different game in different types of terrain, and both varieties were kept together.*[2] The long-legged variety was used for hunting woodland and grassland big game, such as European bison, bear, boar, and lynx,.*[2] The short-legged variety was used for hunting fox, hare, and chamois is overgrown or rocky terrain.*[2] The breed declined, and was marginalised to the Carpathian woodlands, shrinking with the growth of agriculture and forestry.*[2] At the beginning of the twentieth century, the breed was nearly extinct,*[2] and not recognised and standardised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) until 1963.*[1] In 1968, efforts began to save it.*[2] Today, a substantial number of the long-legged variety of the dogs may be found in both Hungary and neighboring Romania.*[2] However, only the long-legged variety remains.*[2] The Transylvanian Hound is, naturally, recognised by the national dog breeding and fancier group, the Hungarian Kennel Club (using the FCI breed standard).*[3] The breed was recognised with a breed standard by one US-based group, the United Kennel Club (UKC), in 2006.*[4] The more prominent American Kennel Club publishes no stan- dard for it,*[5] though the organisation at least provisionally recognises its existence, announcing its acceptance in 2015 into the AKC Foundation Stock Service Program, for breeders hoping to establishing it in the United States.*[6]

77.2 Description

The breed is classified by the FCI as a medium-sized hound, with the general characteristics of the Mid-European type, in that breed registry's classification system.*[1] The UKC classifies the breed in that registry's Scenthound group.*[4] The Translvanian Hound is hardy, and able to tolerate rough weather conditions.*[2]

336 77.3. REFERENCES 337

77.2.1 Appearance and weight

The FCI publishes a detailed breed standard for the Transylvanian Hound,*[2] summarised below. The UKC stan- dard*[4] is mostly a summary of that of the FCI; where UKC contradicts or adds to FCI specification, this has been noted.

77.2.2 Behavior and temperament

The breed is described by the FCI standard as “good-natured, courageous, enduring”, with a basic character that is “quick, even, but also determined and lively”,*[2] and the UKC standard uses similar terms.*[4] Properly trained, the dogs can hunt comparatively independently, and at a considerable distance from handlers, singly or in groups.*[2] Hunting behaviors exhibited by the breed include tracking (by scent), pointing, and driving game.*[2] The dog has a high-pitched, ringing bark.*[2]

77.3 References

[1] “Erdélyi Kopó (241)". FCI.be. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. 2015. “FCI Breeds Nomenclature”section. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[2]“FCI-Standard N° 241: Hungarian Hound – Transylvanian Scent Hound”(PDF). Thuin, Belgium: Fédération Cynologique Internationale. 6 April 2000.

[3] “Erdélyi Kopó". KennelClub.hu. Budapest: Magyar Ebtenyésztők Országos Egyesülete [Hungarian Kennel Club]. 2013. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.

[4] “Transylvanian Hound: Official UKC Breed Standard”. UKCDogs.com. Kalamazoo, Missouri, US: United Kennel Club. 2006. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[5] “AKC Recognized Dog Breeds”. AKC.org. Raleigh, North Carolina: American Kennel Club. 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[6] “From the February 2015 Board Meeting”. AKC.org. American Kennel Club. 25 February 2015. “Foundation Stock Service News”section. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

77.4 External links

• Erdélyi kopó, Transylvanian Hound fancier site (Hungarian)

• Copoi ardelenesc, Transylvanian Hound portal (Romanian) (registration required) Chapter 78

Treeing Cur

The Treeing Cur is a purebred dog that originated in the Southern United States. It is used to tree squirrels, raccoons, and opossums, as well as to hunt big game.*[1]

78.1 Description

78.1.1 Appearance

Treeing curs are small or medium-sized dogs known for their speed and agility in rough terrain. The body should be slightly longer than the tail, however the tail is frequently naturally bobbed or artificially docked. The ears should be natural and floppy, not erect. The dog should have long legs and a smooth gait. The coat should be dense and close, and all colors except albinos are acceptable. The dog is built for stamina and should look like a working dog - in the United Kennel Club standard, scars are not penalized, nor used as a mark of a dog's working ability.*[1]

78.2 External links

• Treeing cur, breed standards

78.3 References

[1] “United Kennel Club - Treeing Cur”. United Kennel Club. Retrieved 16 January 2013.

338 Chapter 79

Treeing Walker Coonhound

The Treeing Walker Coonhound is a breed of hound descended from the English and American Foxhounds. They were first recognized as a separate breed in 1945.*[1] Thomas Walker had imported the English Foxhound to Virginia in 1742. The breed originated in the United States when a stolen dog of unknown origin, known as the “Tennessee Lead”, was crossed into the Walker Hound in the 19th century.*[2] The Treeing Walker Coonhound was recognized officially as a breed by the American Kennel Club in January 2012.*[3] The Treeing Walker Coonhound was bred to hunt small game, particularly raccoons and opossums. Some hunters use them for large game such as bear. They are a fast, alert, hot-nosed hunter with superb endurance, treeing ability and the desire to perform.*[4] They are vocal with a distinctive bay that allows their owners to identify their hounds from great distances. It has a clear, ringing bugle voice or a steady clear chop with changeover at the tree. These hounds are affectionate as family pets and enjoy living indoors, but they were bred for a life of action, and require a great deal of outdoor exercise.

79.1 Description

The Treeing Walker Coonhound has powerful, mobile shoulders. The ears are large compared to the head. The upper lips hang well below the lower jaw. The forelegs are long, straight and lean. They are medium to large hounds, weighing generally 45 to 65 pounds. The smooth coat is fine and glossy and comes in a tricolor and a bi-color pattern. Tricolor is preferred by breeders. Although they come in tan and white, they must never be called “red,”to distinguish them from the Redbone Coonhound. The hounds are bred for mouth, looks, and ability.*[5] They seem to mature more slowly than some breeds, and do not “grow up”until about two years of age. When kept in peak health, they often look younger than their actual age.

79.2 Temperament as a pet

Treeing Walker Coonhounds are loving, intelligent, confident, and enjoy interacting with humans. They make a splendid companion dog for an owner who understands the characteristics of the breed and is willing to work with their in-bred nature as a hunting dog. On the scent, they are tireless, alert, and intense. At home; they are mellow, sensitive lovers of comfort. They like having their own kennel or other space into which they can retreat at will, if provided with pillows and blankets, as they love to nest. Owners have noted that “getting a Walker hound out of a bed, off a couch or away from a fireplace will be a feat in itself.” Treeing Walker Coonhounds get along exceptionally well with other dogs and with children. Like most hounds, they are even-tempered and difficult to annoy or drive into aggression towards people or fellow dogs. With careful introduction, they will even live in happy harmony with the family cat, despite their nature as a small-game hunter. They are very energetic when young, and some people can be alarmed by their tendency to stand up on their hind legs to pursue their curiosity or to bark urgently out of a desire to meet a new dog.

339 340 CHAPTER 79. TREEING WALKER COONHOUND

Treeing Walker Coonhound Puppy, about 8 weeks old

This breed is highly intelligent, and consequently they require absolute consistency of training, as they look for loop- holes to exploit. They may attempt to negotiate, responding to human direction by offering an alternative course of action they prefer. They are close observers of human behavior and learn to respond to subtle gestures and a large number of words, though not always in a manner that the human might desire or predict. Their intelligence is thus sometimes underestimated or misunderstood. Because they enjoy interacting with people, teaching them commands and tricks will help prevent the boredom that leads to bad behavior. They have been known to use objects as tools or to manipulate their environment to accomplish a task (e.g., moving furniture to climb over gates, using household 79.2. TEMPERAMENT AS A PET 341

The Treeing Walker Coonhound is mellow and affectionate, but a tireless hunter objects to manipulate kennel mechanisms, etc.). They prefer complicated toys to simple chew-toys. They are most engaged by toys meant to be taken apart or stuffed with smaller toys, a toy that makes a variety of sounds, or toys with a hard-to-obtain treat inside. Walkers can be highly focused and idiosyncratically attracted to certain toys, locations, people, sounds, or objects. They will attempt to steal attractive items, and females in particular may maintain several caches of licit and illicit items. One recommended training regimen to encourage self-control is to repeatedly give and take back a toy to be held in their mouth, or to make them sit and wait for a treat or their food calmly until told to take it. Because of their nature as hunting dogs, they can become possessive of any human food they manage to steal, particularly raw meat, and rare outbursts of growling or aggression are often associated with the defense of their prize. These hounds respond even more poorly than most dogs to being physically punished, for instance by hitting or grab- bing them. Habitual punishment can lead to instinctive trust and personality defects, such as shyness, reclusiveness, 342 CHAPTER 79. TREEING WALKER COONHOUND

or trepidation. Erratic conditioning is principally the reason why these behavioral problems develop, as these dogs are highly perceptive and motivated by pain. For that reason, a static e-collar, particularly the warning tone, is an extremely effective training tool for this breed, especially for off-leash and boundary training. Upon hearing the warning tone they will immediately come to attention, without fail, even while on a scent. With proper training these dogs can be exceptionally obedient and loyal. However, it is important to reiterated that their psyche is as complex and delicate as a human child. For instance, if you call them to come after they did something wrong and they come, you can't get angry at them, otherwise they'll refuse to come altogether. Another example is letting them pull while on a leash, under no circumstance should they ever be allowed to pull on a leash, because it misleads them into believing they are in charge. If this is allowed it will become very difficult to work with them off leash, as they will believe they are pack leader and take point on any scents they find interesting. Much as a child would, they will test limits they don't agree with, like property lines for example. This type of behavior will cease with diligent conditioning, an electronic fence, or even just the occasional use of an e-collar, is all that is needed to reinforce these boundary limits. They are very loyal, can be trusted off-leash, and even trusted to stay within property bounds without supervision if you establish yourself as leader and train them properly. Walker Coonhounds are very rewarding companions with effective training. Substantial time for daily exercise and interaction is also necessary. If the hound is kept as a pet and not trained, even the most loving, well-behaved Walker cannot be allowed off-leash in an area without a high fence. Their “treeing”behavior makes them capable of scaling fences in excess of 6 feet (1.8 m). A secure yard alone will not provide the long walks, intense exercise, and “adventures”they require. Their nature is to run freely and for great distances, and they can be oblivious to commands when trailing a scent, much like a beagle or basset hound. Chasing after them provokes the pack-hunting response, and faster running. Strays are often found to have wandered as much as 50 miles from home in a relatively short time. On-leash hikes in a variety of settings are needed for a Walker kept as a pet, as well as the opportunity to run hard off-leash in a confined space. Personality traits are highly adaptable through classical and operand conditioning. They make excellent alert dogs, as even the smallest female has the vocal presence of a much larger animal. They instinctually bay and growl when they believe their territory is being encroached on, and intruders who have not seen the animal would believe a massive guard dog is within a residence. Even when face to face with an intruder their bay commands respect, and can be heard at great distances. As hunting dogs they are bred to corner game, into a tree, and then alert a hunter, they do not instinctively attack prey or potential intruders, so with modern animal control laws this is very beneficial.

79.2.1 Diet and housebreaking

Treeing Walker Coonhounds are generally refined in their eating and housebreaking habits. If there are no other animals to disturb their supply of food, many prefer to graze rather than eat the entire meal at once. They can be free fed, in fact If held in confinement at an animal shelter, their natural tendency to leanness can quickly turn to emaciation. Even in old age, they rarely become overweight, unless fed an inappropriate diet. High quality protein is always the primary requirement, followed by sufficient calorie sources to fuel their activity level. Regardless of how well they are fed they will frequently hoard food, such as bones, by burying them. Their inquisitive nature and powerful nose often gets them into trouble. They will eat anything they find agreeable, such as sweet tasting rat poison or a chocolate bar that was accidentally left out. Just as with a child, care must be taken to prevent them from inadvertently harming themselves with common household objects. They are intelligent enough to open doors to get to food or whatever else they want. Some owners report upsets from typical treats such as pigs' ears, rawhide, and bones, which produce shards that may irritate the digestive system and provoke regurgitation or diarrhea. This is rare however, and rawhides ability to provoke digestive problems is not specific to this breed. If these are withheld, primarily rawhide, the problem usually resolves itself, as Walkers are otherwise not prone to health problems. They are extremely attracted to human food, but a consistent base diet is recommended, consisting of high-quality kibble supplemented by moist food, either canned or home-prepared meats and vegetables. Because of their sensitive digestive system, these hounds may induce self- regurgitation through eating grass or houseplants more often than other dogs. Table scraps can be effectively utilized as treats, and occasionally feeding them human food is largely a matter of personal preference. Although hunting dogs, they are easy to house-train. When healthy and fed properly, they have an exceptional degree of bladder and bowel control, and are fastidious about taking care of these needs at some distance from the area they consider “home”. They may require longer walks than some dogs in order to relieve their bowels, and may even withhold a bowel movement in order to prolong a walk, since they love and require exercise. 79.3. HUNTING 343

79.3 Hunting

The breed's strong tracking instincts make them popular as hunting dogs. Carnivore researchers have used a single Walker and handler team to locate cougar-cached carcasses up to several months after the kill date. Hunting singly or in packs of two or more, they are used to track and tree raccoons, bobcats, cougars, and bears. Individual hounds may be adept at catching small rodents such as squirrels, roof rats, opossums, and skunks. Although the Walker is best known as a coonhound, it is not as cold-nosed as other coonhounds. It is therefore an ideal hound for competition hunts, since they excel at following a hot track. A typical hunt starts with getting the dog from the kennel. Since it has been in the pen all day, it is ready to run. Hunting is a hunting dog's exercise. The hound is checked for good health, then put into the truck. The handler then goes to the area where they plan to run the hound, usually next to or within a woods or forest. When the hound is let out of the box, it runs off happy to be free to run and excited to find a raccoon to chase. When it smells a track, the hound may begin to vocalize sporadically with short sounds that develop into longer, more anxious bawls. As the track becomes hotter, the vocalization becomes a louder, more assertive baying. The hound follows the track up to a tree, stands on its hind legs, rolls over a big whiny bawl as a “locate”, and begins a chop bark (a“woof, woof, woof”) bark. Meanwhile the handler is standing where he turned the dog loose, listening to all of the different barks, and understanding what the dog is doing and where the dog is going. Once the dog is “treed”with a solid chop the handler walks to the dog's location, looks for the game, and rewards the dog as necessary. This is repeated throughout the night. Some dogs track and do not tree. Other dogs tree and do not track. So, some handlers have one of each and hunt both at the same time. Other dogs do both and can be hunted by themselves. These types of dogs are hunted with other independent dogs, and handlers can also compete against one another, with objectives such as first dog to open bawl on track, first dog to tree, most raccoons found, etc.

• Walker Coonhound chasing after a small animal

• A Treeing Walker Coonhound may swim in pursuit of its prey

• Treeing Walker Coonhound in profile

• Treeing Walker Coonhound at 16 months (27 inches tall and weighing 65 pounds).

79.4 See also

• Coonhound

• Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore

• Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie

79.5 External links

• Treeing Walker Coonhound Rarebreeds Article on Treeing Walker Coonhound

• UKC Page on Treeing Walker Coonhound

• Video and more information on Treeing Walker Coonhounds

79.6 References

[1] American Kennel Club. “Treeing Walker Coonhound History”

[2] “Treeing Walker Coonhound”Official UKC Breed Standard

[3] American Kennel Club. “Getting to Know the Treeing Walker Coonhound” 344 CHAPTER 79. TREEING WALKER COONHOUND

[4] http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/breedinformation/hound/treeingwalker.html

[5] Ahring, Curt. “Treed.tv”. 314-315-6650. 79.6. REFERENCES 345

A Treeing Walker Coonhound exhibiting “treeing”behavior (the dog pictured is outfitted for a walk, not hunting) 346 CHAPTER 79. TREEING WALKER COONHOUND

Treeing Walker Coonhound, post track 79.6. REFERENCES 347

Baying is characteristic of the Walker as a hunter Chapter 80

Trigg Hound

The Trigg Hound (also known as the Trigg Foxhound or Hayden Trigg Hound) is a variety*[1]*[2] of the American Foxhound, developed in Kentucky by Colonel Haiden Trigg.

80.1 History

The Trigg Hound originated in Barren County, Kentucky, in the 1860s, when fox hunting enthusiast Colonel Haiden C. Trigg wanted to develop a faster hound than those available in his area. He used dogs from the Birdsong, Maupin, and Walker lines to develop his strain.*[3]

“Dick's Dog”, a Trigg Hound whelped in 1887

According to W. L. Porter in an article in The Chase, local fox hunters who saw the dogs purchased from Birdsong found them unattractive, but their performance was surprisingly good. Porter stated that the dogs were “racy built, crop ears, rough coated, bushy tails and chop mouthed and looked unlike any fox hound any of us had ever seen” .*[4] Eventually, Trigg's breeding program became successful on a local and national level.*[4]

348 80.2. DESCRIPTION 349

In 1910, well-known big-game hunter Paul J. Rainey purchased 25 hounds from Trigg and took them on a hunting trip in Africa, later buying more from Trigg, his son Alanson, and others. After Trigg's death, some fanciers began to lose interest and the strain declined in popularity, despite a small core of active breeders. After Rainey returned from his trips, however, he announced that the Triggs were the “best and most courageous hounds in the world,” causing their popularity to rise again amongst hunters.*[5]

80.2 Description

80.2.1 Appearance

Male Trigg Hounds stand 23 to 24 inches (58 to 61 centimetres) at the withers and weigh 45 to 55 pounds (20 to 25 kilograms), while females stand 20 to 22 inches (51 to 56 centimetres) and weigh 35 to 45 pounds (16 to 20 kilograms).*[6] The variety has a long snout, hanging ears, and a short, smooth coat, and though it may come in any color, the Continental Kennel Club allows only tricolor and bicolor dogs.*[7]

80.2.2 Temperament

The Trigg Hound is obedient but “tenacious”, and is well-suited to hunting because of its sense of smell and endurance.*[6]

80.3 References

[1] Wilcox, Bonnie; Walkowicz, Chris (1995). Atlas of Dog Breeds of the World (5th ed.). Neptune City, New Jersey: TFH Publications. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-7938-1284-4.

[2] Muszynski, Julie (2007). The Red Book of Dogs: Hounds, Terriers, Toys (1st ed.). New York: Harper Design. ISBN 978-0-06-123887-1.

[3] Trigg, Haiden C. (1890). The American Fox-hound. Glasgow, Kentucky. p. 25. Retrieved July 3, 2011.

[4] “The Trigg Foxhound”. Barren County Progress. April 27, 2000. Retrieved July 2, 2011.

[5] Collins, J. W. (April 1930). “The National & Trigg Hounds”. The Chase. p. 2. Retrieved July 3, 2011.

[6] Pugnetti, Gino (1980). Meriwether Schuler, Elizabeth, ed. Simon & Schuster's Guide to Dogs. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-671-25527-5.

[7] “Trigg Hound”. Continental Kennel Club. Retrieved July 2, 2011. Chapter 81

Tweed Water Spaniel

The Tweed Water Spaniel, or Tweed Spaniel, is a breed of dog extinct since the 19th century. It is most well known for being involved in the early development of the modern Curly Coated Retriever and Golden Retriever breeds of dogs. They were described as a generally brown athletic dogs from the area around Berwick-upon-Tweed near the River Tweed and close to the Scottish Borders. A type of water dog, the breed was not well known outside the local area. This breed may have been created by crossing local water dogs with imported St. John's water dog, another breed which is also now extinct.

81.1 History

The village of Norham, Northumberland, just south of the River Tweed was noted as being “long famous”for a breed of water spaniel of which were “invariably brown”.*[2] In 1816, Richard Lawrence wrote of the origins of the Tweed Water Spaniel, “Along rocky shores and dreadful declivities beyond the junction of the Tweed with the sea of Berwick, water dogs have derived an addition of strength, from the introduction of a cross with the Newfoundland dog, which has rendered them completely adequate to the arduous difficulties and diurnal perils in which they are systematically engaged.”*[3] Although the quote refers specifically to the Newfoundland breed, it is actually more likely to mean the now extinct breed of the St. John's water dog which was sometimes referred to by its homeland's location of Newfoundland and Labrador.*[4]*[5] Stanley O'Neil, an expert in Flat-coated Retrievers, wrote of the Tweed Water Spaniel in a letter during the late 19th century,“Further up the coast, probably Alnmouth, I saw men netting for salmon. With them was a dog with a wavy or curly coat. It was a tawny colour but, wet and spumy, it was difficult to see the exact colour, or how much was due to bleach and salt. Whilst my elders discussed the fishing I asked these Northumberland salmon net men whether their dog was a Water-Dog or a Curly, airing my knowledge. They told me he was a Tweed Water Spaniel. This was a new one on me. I had a nasty suspicion my leg was being pulled. This dog looked like a brown Water Dog to me, certainly retrieverish, and not at all spanielly. I asked if he came from a trawler, and was told it came from Berwick.” *[4] Linda P. Case, of the University of Illinois, speculated the Tweed Water Spaniel was so named because it was developed on the estate of Lord Tweedmouth, and in fact was simply the original name for a breed of dog that later became the Golden Retriever.*[6] However, this theory is against the documented evidence, as the early development of the Golden Retriever was fully documented and listed the three Tweed Water Spaniels involved specifically by breed.*[7]

81.2 Appearance and temperament

The Tweed Water Spaniel had a long tail and a curly, liver-colored coat, and looked similar to the Irish Water Spaniel except it had a heavier muzzle and a pointed skull. The dog also had thick, slightly feathered, hound-like ears, droopy lips, and fore legs that were feathered, but hind legs that were not.*[8] Their size was that of a small retriever, with a liver-coloured curly coat.*[9] Instances of offspring which were liver-coloured but tan below the knees were noted in Hugh Dalziel's 1897 work British Dogs: Their Varieties, History, Characteristics, Breeding, Management, And

350 81.3. LEGACY 351

Exhibition, although the author speculated this may have been due to Bloodhound ancestry in one of the parents of the litters.*[10] The breed was known for its intelligence, courage, and sporting ability.*[11]

81.3 Legacy

81.3.1 Golden Retriever

One of the first two dogs from which the modern Golden Retriever (pictured) is descended from was a Tweed Water Spaniel

Towards the end of the 19th century, Sir Dudley Coutts Majoribanks, Lord Tweedmouth, was developing a breed which was known at the time as a“yellow Retriever”. This was unusual, as typically during this period all Retrievers were black. The main pairing from which the modern Golden Retrievers are said to have descended were from a dog named Nous that was a rare yellow Wavy-coated Retriever,*[7] and a female Tweed Spaniel named Belle that was given to Majoribanks by his cousin David Robertson.*[1] Four yellow puppies were produced from this pairing, named Ada, Crocus, Primrose and Cowslip.*[12] Belle was not the only Tweed Spaniel in Majoribank's kennel. A further dog simply named Tweed was kept,*[12] although records show he was never bred, as he died at an early age.*[4] A second dog named Tweed was bred, to Cowslip from the previous Tweed/Retriever pairing which produced a further yellow puppy named Topsy.*[12] The two breeds were only crossbred two or three times, but began the development of the modern Golden Retriever.*[1]

81.3.2 Curly Coated Retriever

During the formation of the modern breed known as the Curly-coated Retriever, several breeds were used to bring their characteristics into this new breed. These included Poodles, Wetterhouns, Barbets, Irish Water Spaniels, and 352 CHAPTER 81. TWEED WATER SPANIEL breeds that are now extinct, including the Large Rough Water Dog and the Tweed Water Spaniel. The Curly-coated Retriever has been considered purebred since the early 20th century.*[13]

81.4 References

Specific

[1] Horter, Ria. “Vanished Dog Breeds (Part 1)" (PDF). Retrieved 11 September 2010.

[2] Quartogenarian, A (November 1833). “Spaniels”. The Sporting Magazine. 8 (new series): 95. Retrieved 19 September 2010.

[3] Lawrence, Richard (1816). The Complete Farrier, and British Sportsman. W. Lewis and Co. p. 405.

[4] Elliott, Mrs. Mark D.“Early Ancestors Of Golden Retrievers”. Golden Retriever Club of America. Retrieved 10 October 2010.

[5] Nichol, Bill. “Born to Hunt”. Ducks Unlimited. Retrieved 10 October 2010.

[6] Case, Linda P. (2005). The Dog: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-8138-1254-0.

[7] Cunliffe, Juliette (2001). The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds. Parragon Plus. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-7525-4156-3.

[8] Dalziel (1897): p. 149

[9] “The Golden Retriever”. Country Sports and Country Life.com. Retrieved 18 September 2010.

[10] Dalziel (1897): p. 150

[11] Hale, Rachel (2008). Dogs: 101 Adorable Breeds. Andrews McMeel. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-7407-7342-6.

[12] Ostrander, Elaine A. (2007). The Dog and Its Genome. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-87969- 781-5.

[13] “Curly Coated Retriever – Steadfast & True”. Dogs Monthly Magazine. Retrieved 18 September 2010.

General

• Dalziel, Hugh (1897). British Dogs - Their Varieties, History, Characteristics, Breeding, Management and Ex- hibition. “The Bazaar”Office. Chapter 82

Tyrolean Hound

The Tyrolean Hound is a breed of dog that originated in Tyrol.

82.1 Description

This medium-sized hound has broad flat ears set high on the head. They have a thick double coat including a coarse undercoat, and the rear legs are well feathered. There are two main colours, red, and black and tan, both of which may have white markings. It has a fast gait and can be used for either tracking or hunting.*[1]

82.2 History

The Tyrolean Hound is supposedly descended from the Celtic Hounds. It was first bred in Tyrol as a dog adapted to hunting in the snow.*[1] Emperor Maximilian I used this hound for hunting hare and fox and for tracking wounded game. Selective breeding began in 1860, which led to the breed being officially recognized in 1908. These dogs often hunted alone (not in a pack) and had a fine scenting ability.

82.3 References

[1] “Simon & Schuster's Guide to Dogs”. Simon & Schuster. 1980. Retrieved January 25, 2013.

353 Chapter 83

Cimarrón Uruguayo

The Cimarrón Uruguayo (Uruguayan Cimarron) is a breed of molosser type dog originating in Uruguay. The word cimarrón in Latin America is used to mean feral, referring to the breed's history. Other names by which it is known in English are Cimarron, Cimarron Creole, Cimarron Dog, Maroon Dog, Cerro Largo Dog, Uruguayan Gaucho Dog, Perro Cimarron, possibly others. The breed is officially recognised in Uruguay and by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale with the name Cimarrón Uruguayo.

83.1 Appearance

The Cimarrón Uruguayo is large in size, compact and muscular. The coat is short and usually brindle but may be a pale yellow (“bayo”), with a black face. Height of males at the withers is from 58 to 61 cm (23 to 24 in) and weight is from 38 to 45 kg (84 to 99 lb). Adult females are slightly smaller.*[1]

83.2 Temperament

The breed standard states that the dog should have great courage. As with all large dogs, the Cimarrón Uruguayo must be well socialized when very young if it is to be safely kept as a companion. The Cimarrón Uruguayo is used for guarding, hunting, and all dog sports in its native Uruguay.

83.3 History

The Cimarrón Uruguayo descends from European dogs brought by early colonizers, and released or abandoned. The dogs adapted to living in the wild in Uruguay, and in time became numerous. In the eighteenth century, attacks on livestock and even humans resulted in the dogs being hunted, with bounties paid by the government for each dog killed. However, many remained, especially in the highlands of Cerro Largo. Ranchers in the area would capture and tame the dogs, using them as guard dogs.*[2] The Cimarrón's survival story and fierceness has made it something of a national symbol in Uruguay, and the breed is the mascot of the National Army of Uruguay.*[3] The Kennel Club Uruguayo (Uruguayan national kennel club) recognised the Cimarrón Uruguayo after some twenty years of work by fanciers and breeders in documenting the breed.*[4] In addition, genetic studies are being done on the breed by the Universidad de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay college of Veterinary Medicine. The Cimarrón Uruguayo was provisionally recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale on February 21, 2006, in Group 2, Section 2 Molossoid breeds-Mastiff type. The breed has been exported to the United States, and is recognised there by the United Kennel Club in the Guardian Dog Group.

354 83.4. HEALTH 355

83.4 Health

The Cimarrón Uruguayo should be tested for hip and elbow dysplasia before breeding.*[5] Often the ears are cropped short when the dogs are very young. This is alleged to be in homage to the days when they were hunted (the ears were presented for the bounty.) Most fighting dog breeds have their ears severely cropped.*[6]

83.5 See also

• Cimarron people (Panama) • Melo (capital of Cerro Largo)

83.6 References

[1] Fédération Cynologique Internationale Breed Standard

[2] Cimarrón history, Kennel Club Uruguayo (in Spanish)

[3] Perros Cimarrones, with photos of the dog in militarry parade (in Spanish)

[4] Government site, “The dog of Cerro Largo”(in Spanish) showing photograph of President Tabaré Vázquez holding his Cimarrón puppy

[5] Sociedad de Criadores de Cimarrón Uruguayo, Uruguayan breed club website

[6] Dogged by Dog Fights, by Katherine Watt, Vagabond, English language Bulgarian magazine. “Ear cropping is another fighting-dog feature”.

83.7 External links

• Video of Cimarrón Uruguayo in a variety of activities (YouTube) Chapter 84

Vanjari Hound

The Vanjari Hound (Malayalam: വാരി ഹൗ്) is a breed of dog found in India. It is a greyhound-type dog used by the nomadic Vanjari of Maharashtra, primarily as a sighthound in hunting. However, it has also been used as a guard dog and a herding dog. The breed is currently at risk from interbreeding with other dog breeds.

356 Chapter 85

Villano de las Encartaciones

A couple of Villano de las Encartaciones.

The Villano de las Encartaciones (Basque: Enkarterriko billano, Cantabrian: Villanu, English: Villein of las En- cartaciones) is a Spanish working dog originated in Las Encartaciones, a comarca of the province of Biscay, in the Basque country, eastern Cantabria and northern Burgos. There are less than 100 of them in existence.*[1] The Vil- lano derived from the Spanish Bulldog, of which it represents a lighter, faster and more agile version. The dog is used to catch Monchina cattle, which are raised in a feral state in northern Spain. The Villano is also used for boar hunting given its qualities as a catch dog. Males stand 60 to 65 cm at the shoulder and weigh up to 35 kg.

85.1 References

[1] D. Matassino; J. Boyazoglu; A. Cappuccio (1997). International symposium on Mediterranean animal germplasm and future human challenges: a joint EAAP - FAO - CIHEAM International Symposium. Wageningen Pers. p. 291. ISBN 978-90-74134-46-0.

357 Chapter 86

Vizsla

For the Wirehaired Vizsla, see Wirehaired Vizsla.

The Vizsla is a dog breed originating in Hungary, which belongs under the FCI group 7 (Pointer group). The Hun- garian or Magyar Vizsla are sporting dogs and loyal companions, in addition to being the smallest of the all-round pointer-retriever breeds. The Vizsla's medium size is one of the breed's most appealing characteristics as a hunter of fowl and upland game, and through the centuries the Vizsla has held a rare position among sporting dogs – that of household companion and family dog. The Vizsla is a natural hunter endowed with an excellent nose and an outstanding trainability. Although they are lively, gentle mannered, demonstrably affectionate and sensitive, they are also fearless and possessed of a well-developed protective instinct.*[1]

86.1 Description

Vizsla in water

358 86.1. DESCRIPTION 359

86.1.1 Appearance

The Vizsla is a medium-sized short-coated hunting dog of distinguished appearance and bearing.*[2] Robust but rather lightly built, they are lean dogs, have defined muscles, and are observed to share similar physical characteristics with the Weimaraner. Various breeds are often mistaken for Vizslas, and Vizslas are often mistaken for other breeds. Redbone Coonhounds, Weimaraners and Rhodesian Ridgebacks are some of the most commonly confused breeds. The body structure of a Vizsla is very similar in appearance to a Weimaraner and a Redbone Coonhound, though the Vizsla is typically leaner with a more defined musculature. Weimaraners and Rhodesian Ridgebacks are larger than Vizslas. The nose of the Vizsla will always have a reddish color that blends with the coat color. Black, brown, light pink, or another color nose is an indication of another breed. A Vizsla's eye and nail color should also blend with the coat color.*[3]

Color and coats

The standard coat is a solid golden-rust color in different shadings,*[2] but some breeding programs have resulted in a solid rust coat. The coat could also be described as a copper/brown color, russet gold and dark sandy gold. Solid dark mahogany red and pale yellow are considered faults and a disqualification. Small areas of white on the fore-chest and on the neck, tail are permissible*[4] but not preferred. Some variations in the Vizsla coat color along their back (saddle-type marks) is typical. The American Kennel Club (AKC) breed standard for the Vizsla states that the coat should be short, smooth, dense and close-lying, without woolly undercoat. The Vizsla is totally unsuited to being kept outside, since unlike most other breeds, it does not have an undercoat. They are self-cleaning dogs and infrequently need to be bathed, if ever, and are somewhat unique in that they have little noticeable “dog smell”detectable by humans. After several forays into lakes and streams they will develop an aroma that is a weaker version of the 'wet dog' smell. A quick bath and this odor will vanish.

Size

The Vizsla is a medium-sized dog, and fanciers feel that large dogs are undesirable. The average height and weight:

• Males • Height: 22–25 in (56–64 cm) • Weight: 45–66 lb (20–30 kg) • Females • Height: 21–24 in (53–61 cm) • Weight: 40–55 lb (18–25 kg)

• Vizsla appearance • Vizslas are gentle-mannered dogs • Vizsla is a short-coated hunting dog • Vizsla portrait • Profile of a 5-month-old Vizsla with the AKC standard “golden rust”coat

Tail

The American breed standard calls for the tail to be docked to two-thirds of its original length. Breed standards in countries where docking is banned do not require this (UK breed standard, for example). The Vizsla holds its tail horizontal to the ground and wags it vigorously while charging through rough scrub and undergrowth. The docked tail of the Vizsla is significantly longer than that of other dogs with traditionally docked tails such as the Weimaraner, Doberman, Boxer, and Australian Shepherd. Since the tail is docked when the puppy is less than three days old, this longer dock can result in some variation in tail length among Vizsla dogs from different breeding programs. 360 CHAPTER 86. VIZSLA

Vizsla pointing

86.1.2 Temperament

Vizsla standing 86.2. HEALTH 361

Vizslas are very high energy, gentle-mannered, loyal,*[5] caring, and highly affectionate. They quickly form close bonds with their owners, children and even strangers. Often they are referred to as “velcro”dogs because of their loyalty and affection. Vizslas will cry or whine when they feel neglected or are otherwise unhappy. Some will bark at strangers if they feel that they are invading the “pack”space. They are very good guard dogs when trained. They are natural hunters with an excellent ability to take training.*[2] Not only are they great pointers, but they are excellent retrievers as well. They will retrieve on land and in the water, making the most of their natural instincts. However, they must be trained gently and without harsh commands or strong physical correction, as they have sensitive temperaments and can be easily damaged if trained too harshly.*[6] However the owner must show quiet authority in training, otherwise the dog is likely to take over the training session. Vizslas are excellent swimmers. Some may need a little motivation to get in the water but as they get used to it they will love it. Like all hunting dogs, Vizslas require a great deal of exercise to remain healthy and happy. The Vizsla thrives on attention, exercise, and interaction. With proper socialization and training, Vizslas are very gentle dogs that can be great around children. The Vizsla wants to be close to its owner as much as possible.

86.2 Health

Vizslas are excellent swimmers.

A Vizsla Club of America survey puts the average lifespan of the Vizsla at 9.15 years.*[7] The Vizsla is considered to be a robust dog, but some localized breeding programs using a small number of dogs have led to heritable illnesses in some offspring, including:

• Hip dysplasia is very rare but remotely possible.*[8]

• Canine epilepsy

• Cancer (lipoma, mast cell tumors, hemangiosarcoma, lymphoma) 362 CHAPTER 86. VIZSLA

• Sebaceous adenitis

Responsible breeders do not select dogs for breeding if they have such inherent problems.*[9] Vizslas can also suffer from hypothyroidism, dwarfism, persistent right aortic arch, tricuspid valve dysplasia, and progressive retinal atrophy. Major risks include epilepsy and lymphosarcoma. Vizslas can also be prone to skin and food allergies.*[10] Unlike many other dogs, Vizslas do not have an undercoat. Therefore they are unsuited for living outdoors. They do not make good kennel dogs. They are not fitted to keep in kennels, they don't manage especially well, either psychologically or physically.*[11]*[12]*[13]*[14]*[15]*[16]*[17]

86.3 History

The Vizsla was already known in early Hungarian history. The ancestors of the present Vizsla were the trusted and favorite hunting dogs of the Magyar tribes who lived in the Carpathian Basin in the 10th century. Primitive stone etchings over a thousand years old show the Magyar hunter with his falcon and his Vizsla. The first written reference to Vizsla dog breed has been recorded in the Illustrated Vienna Chronicle prepared on order of King Lajos the Great (Louis the Great) by the Carmelite Friars in 1357.*[18] Companion dogs of the early warlords and barons, Vizsla blood was preserved pure for centuries by the land-owning aristocracy who guarded them jealously and continued to develop the hunting ability of these “yellow-pointers”. Records of letters and writings show the high esteem in which the Vizsla was held. The Vizsla survived the Turkish occupation (1526–1696), the Hungarian Revolution (1848–49), World War I, World War II and the Soviet Period. However, Vizslas faced and survived several near-extinctions in their history, includ- ing being overrun by English Pointers and German Shorthair Pointers in the 1800s (Boggs, 2000:19) and again to near-extinction after World War II.*[18] A careful search of Hungary and a poll of Hungarian sportsmen revealed only about a dozen Vizslas of the true type still alive in the country. From that minimum stock, the breed rose to prominence once again. The various “strains”of the Vizsla have become somewhat distinctive as individuals bred stock that suited their hunting style. Outside Hungary, vizslas are commonly bred in Romania, Austria, Slovakia, and Serbia. The Vizsla started arriving in the United States at the close of World War II. As interest in and devotion to the breed began to increase, owners formed the Vizsla Club of America in order to gain AKC recognition. As a result of registering foundation stock with the AKC, Vizsla owners were able to obtain official recognition on November 25, 1960, as the Vizsla became the 115th breed recognized by the American Kennel Club.*[1] The Vizsla was used in development of other breeds, most notably the Weimaraner, Wire-haired Vizsla and German Shorthair Pointer breeds.*[18] There is much conjecture about those same breeds, along with other pointer breeds, being used to reestablish the Vizsla breed at the end of 19th century.*[18]

86.3.1 Vizsla in the UK

Approximately 1,000 Vizsla puppies are registered with the Kennel Club of Great Britain (KC) each year, making the breed one of the top 50 most popular. The number is steadily rising year on year as more people recognize the breed.*[19] There are two breed clubs for the Vizsla in Britain, The Hungarian Vizsla Club*[20] and The Hungarian Vizsla Society.*[21] The winner of the Best In Show award at Crufts 2010 was a Vizsla named Hungargunn Bear It'n Mind.*[22]

86.3.2 Vizsla in the U.S.

Frank J. Tallman and Emmett A. Scanlan imported Vizsla Sari as the first Vizsla in the United States of America. Sari and her two pups (Tito and Shasta) were delivered by a TWA cargo plane to Kansas City via New York from Rome on October 7, 1950.*[18] Sari was later bred with Vizsla Rex. The male Vizsla Rex del Gelsimino, born 8/1/49, was purchased for $75 in food, clothing, medicine, and other supplies thanks to Belgrade's US Embassy employee M. M. Yevdjovich who provided the direct connection to the owner in Stapar, Serbia to Tallman's representative Harry R. Stritman. Rex understood German and Hungarian commands and the claim has been made of history dating back to 1730 although never verified through a Serbian dog book in Yugoslavia. 86.3. HISTORY 363

Vizsla in grass

Rex was delivered by a TWA cargo plane to Kansas City via New York via Brussels from Belgrade on June 12, 1951.*[18] There is some controversy about Rex's official breeder, verbatim from (Boggs, 2000:26):*[18]

The Yugoslavia Kennel Club offered to give temporary registration to Vizslas at a local dog show so as to register future blood lines since many of the dogs in Yugoslavia and behind the Iron Curtain were 364 CHAPTER 86. VIZSLA

pure bred, but without registration papers.

The American Kennel Club recognized Vizsla as the 115th breed on November 25, 1960.

86.4 In popular culture

• Former White House Press Secretary and cohost of The Five, Dana Perino has owned two Vizslas, Henry (deceased) and Jasper.*[23]

• Kubrick the Dog, a 2011 photography book by British fashion photographer and film maker Sean Ellis.*[24]

• Gary Dell'Abate, also known as Baba Booey from The Howard Stern Show has a Vizsla named “Murphy” .*[25]

• The Hungarian cartoon Frakk, a macskák réme ("Frakk, the nightmare of cats") centers on a Vizsla dog named Frakk.

86.5 See also

• Wire-haired Vizsla, a separate breed from the Vizsla. The Wire-haired Vizsla was developed in the 1930s by the interbreeding of the Vizsla and the German Wirehaired Pointer to get a dog with a more substantial frame and a heavier coat, suitable for working in colder weather.

• National symbols of Hungary 86.6. REFERENCES 365

The Vizsla thrives on attention, exercise, and interaction

86.6 References

[1] “Vizsla Club of America”. Archived from the original on 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2008-06-16.

[2] “AKC Vizsla Breed Standard”. Retrieved 2008-06-16.

[3] “Colorado Wyoming Vizsla Rescue Group”. Retrieved 2008-06-16.

[4] http://www.akc.org/breeds/vizsla/index.cfm

[5] Kara Spak (2009-01-22). “Labrador retriever is Chicago's top dog”. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2009-01-23.

[6] Gottlieb, Gay (2002). The Complete Hungarian Vizsla. Ringpress. ISBN 0-948955-32-5.

[7] “Vizsla Club of America Welfare Foundation 2008 Health Survey” (PDF). Retrieved 26 June 2012.

[8] “Orthopedic Foundation for Animals”. Archived from the original on 2008-06-14. Retrieved 2008-06-19.

[9] http://www.offa.org/purpose.html

[10] Dogster Vizsla Resource. Accessed April 20, 2010.

[11] Hungarian dog breeds. Dr. Sárkány Pál - Dr.Ócsag Imre. ISBN 963-232-261-4. (Hungarian)

[12] “Own a Vizsla”. www.moonmoth.net/. Retrieved 2014.

[13] “dog-breeds/vizsla”. www.hillspet.com. Retrieved 2014.

[14] “The_Vizsla_Breed.”. www.vizslabonneterrekennel.com. Retrieved 2014.

[15] “is-the-vizsla-the-right-breed-for-you”. www.rmvc.org. Retrieved 2014.

[16] [Vizslas are not good kennel dogs and thrive best if they get to live inside]

[17] “breeds/vizslas”. www.k9web.com. Retrieved 2014.

[18] Boggs, Bernard C (2000). The Vizsla. Behi Publishing Company. ISBN 0-9700978-0-8.

[19] KC Registration Statistics. Accessed May 28, 2007. 366 CHAPTER 86. VIZSLA

[20] “Hungarian Vizsla Club”.

[21] “Hungarian Vizsla Society”.

[22] “Crufts 2010 won by Hungarian Vizsla called Yogi”. BBC News. 14 March 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2010.

[23] “White House Press Secretary Avoids Foreclosure on D.C. Home”. Fox News. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

[24] “Vogue Photog Sean Ellis' Book About His Best Friend: Kubrick the Dog”. Racked. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

[25] Photo of Murphy. Accessed August 21, 2009.

86.7 Further reading

• Marion I Coffman -“Versatile Vizsla"; Alpine Blue Ribbon Books; 2nd edition (May 2004). ISBN 1-57779- 056-1. • Robert L White -“Hungarian Vizsla"; PetLove Books (Published in UK by Interpret Books). ISBN 1-903098- 59-9.

• Chris C Pinney, D.V.M. - “Vizslas, A Complete Owner's Guide"; Barron's, 1998. ISBN 0-7641-0321-0. • Ernest H Hart - “Vizslas"; TFH Publications, 1990. ISBN 0-86622-436-X.

• B.C. Boggs - “The Vizsla"; Glenbrier Publishing Company; Revised Edition 1982. ISBN 0-9608838-0-0.

86.8 External links

• Vizsla at DMOZ Chapter 87

Volpino Italiano

A Volpino Italiano (literally, “Italian foxy [dog]") is a spitz-type breed of dog originally from Italy.

87.1 History

Spitz-type dogs were found throughout the ancient world. Specimens from this group have been found preserved in European peat bogs which anthropologists trace to 4000 BC. The remains̶with curly tails, foxy heads, and small erect ears̶have been found dating back over 5,000 years. These little pets wore decorative ivory bracelets and collars. Engravings of similar dogs were found in Greece, and these have been determined to date to about 400 BC. The Volpino has been known and loved by Italian royalty for centuries, being a special favorite of the ladies. Although bearing a strong resemblance to the Pomeranian, the breed is much older and thus has a different background. The northern dogs found their way south very early in the history of domesticated dogs. The Keeshond is called a Lupino or a Volpino in Italian, meaning respectively wolfy and foxy (dog is understood). Despite his long history, the Volpino is unknown outside of Italy and is now quite rare even in his homeland.

Florentine Spitz Puppy

Despite its small size, this dog was originally kept as a guard dog. Its job was to alert the large mastiffs to an intruder.

367 368 CHAPTER 87. VOLPINO ITALIANO

However, due to their lovely temperament and intelligence they also became popular as pets. For unknown reasons the breed's popularity dropped and in 1965 the last dogs were registered. In 1984 an attempt was made to revive the breed. The dogs still living as guard dogs on farms became the new breeding stock. Volpinos remain rare with about 2000 dogs world wide. Most are in Italy but some people are now breeding them in Scandinavia, the UK and the USA. A 2006 survey of kennel clubs found an average of 120 puppies registered each year in Italy (with ENCI) and a total of 200-300 registered each in Sweden, Norway and Finland.

87.2 Clubs and organizations

Italian National Kennel Club (Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana) (ENCI) North American Volpino Club Volpino Club of America Volpino Italiano health and genealogy

87.3 Temperament

The Volpino makes a good watchdog, and some can even be used as gun-dogs (bird dogs) if trained properly. They will make extremely active, affectionate pets.

87.4 Health

The basic well being and health of the Volpino Italiano breed is far better than with most dogs. However they are not immune to genetic and other diseases. At this point in time (Mid 2013) The greatest threat facing this race is the genetic mutation of the eye lens called Primary Lens Luxation (PLL). This is an extremely painful disease that manifests itself when the Zonal cords holding the lens in place 'weakens' and breaks' at a genetically pre determined time (usually about 4 to 8 years old. Once the Zonal cords breaks the lens begins to move in to the interior of the eye increasing the pressure in the eye and causing the animal great pain. Because of the expense in removing the lens or the eyes the animal is usually euthanized.

87.5 See also

• Lap dog

• Spitz Chapter 88

Weimaraner

The Weimaraner (/ˈvaɪmərɑːnər/ VY-mə-rah-nər) is a large*[2] dog that was originally bred for hunting in the early 19th century. Early Weimaraners were used by royalty for hunting large game such as boar, bear, and deer. As the popularity of large game hunting began to decline, Weimaraners were used for hunting smaller animals like fowl, rabbits, and foxes. The Weimaraner is an all-purpose gun dog. The name comes from the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Karl August, whose court, based in the city of Weimar (now in modern-day Germany), enjoyed hunting.

88.1 History

Today's breed standards are alleged to have developed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, although dogs having very similar features to the Weimaraner have supposedly been traced as far back as 13th century in the court of Louis IX of France. One theory is that the ancestor is the St. Hubert Hound (also known as the Bloodhound and Sleuth Hound). Though these dogs are black, they can produce a grey dog when bred. Like the Vizsla at the time, the breed was created exclusively for the nobility. The aim was to create a noble-looking, reliable gun dog. With its restricted ownership and natural instinct, the breed was highly prized and lived with the family. This was unusual since during this period hunting dogs were kept in kennels in packs. This has resulted in a dog that needs to be near humans and that quickly deteriorates when kenneled. The Weimaraner was an all-purpose family dog, capable of guarding the home, hunting with the family, and of course, being loving and loyal towards children. Originally, Germany was possessive of its skilled all-purpose gun dog. Some of the earliest Weimaraners, prior to being sent to America for breeding, were sterilized in order for America not to popularize their special breed. But starting in the late 19th century the breed became increasingly common throughout Europe and the United States. Although slower than many other gun dogs, such as pointers, the Weimaraner is thorough, which made it a welcome addition to the sportsman's household. The breed's happy, lively temperament has endeared it to families. With the rise in popularity, some changes have been made to the breed. Both in Britain and America (where the breed remains popular) breeders have taken care to breed to a standard.

88.2 Description

88.2.1 Appearance

The Weimaraner is athletic in appearance. Traditionally, the tail is docked. In countries where this is still carried out, the docked tail should measure approximately 6 inches in the adult dog, and this is part of the American Kennel Club breed standard. Tail docking is illegal in several countries, where the breed is shown with an entire tail. The British Kennel Club breed standard describes a tail reaching to the hocks and carried below the level of the back when relaxed, and the German breed club standard calls for a full tail that is strong and well coated, which can be carried above the line of the back when the dog is working. Weimaraners are great water dogs as evidenced by their webbed paws. The eyes of the Weimaraner may be light amber, grey, or blue-grey.

369 370 CHAPTER 88. WEIMARANER

Grand Duke Karl August of Weimar

Coat and color

This breed's short coat and unusual eyes give it a distinctive regal appearance. The coat is extremely low-maintenance, short, hard, and smooth to the touch, and may range from charcoal-blue to mouse-grey to silver-grey or even blue- gray. Where the fur is thin or non-existent, inside the ears or on the lips, for example, the skin should be pinkish rather than white or black. This breed does not have an undercoat, so extreme cold should be avoided. While their coat is short, this breed does shed. The Weimaraner's coat color led to its nickname of “the Grey Ghost”. In November 2009 and January 1, 2010, the United Kennel Club (UKC) removed the disqualification from both Blue 88.2. DESCRIPTION 371

Weimaraner, short coated

and Longhair Weimaraners. A black coat remains an automatic disqualification, though a small white marking in the chest area only is permitted. Dogs with blue coats are disqualified from conformation/show competition,*[3] but are recognized as purebred Weimaraners by the AKC. There is another incidental variety, described as having the “mark of the hound”, where the dog is the usual grey colour but with faint tan markings (similar to Doberman). A long-haired variety is recognized by most kennel clubs around the world except the American Kennel Club. The long-haired Weimaraner has a silky coat, with an undocked, feathered tail. The gene is recessive, so breeding will produce some long-haired puppies only if both parents carry the trait. 372 CHAPTER 88. WEIMARANER

A long-haired Weimaraner

Size

According to the AKC standard, the male Weimaraner stands between 25 to 27 in (64 to 69 cm) at the withers. Females are between 23 to 25 in (58 to 64 cm). Of course, there are many dogs taller or shorter than the breed standard. The breed is not heavy for its height, and males normally weigh roughly 70–80 lb (32–36 kg). Females are generally between 55–70 lb (25–32 kg). A Weimaraner should give the appearance of a muscular, athletic dog.

• Short haired male • Female Weimaraner, short coated • Female Weimaraner, long coated • Weimaraner with uncropped tail

88.2.2 Temperament

From adolescence, a Weimaraner requires frequent exercise in keeping with an energetic hunting dog breed prized for its physical endurance and stamina. No walk is too far, and they will appreciate games and play in addition. An active owner is more likely to provide the vigorous exercising, games, or running that this breed requires. Weimaraners are highly energetic and often wear out their owners, requiring appropriate training to learn how to calm them and to help them learn to control their behavior. Owners need patience and consistent, firm yet kind training, as this breed is particularly rambunctious during the first year and a half of its life. Even after that year and a half of a rambunctious puppyhood, they still remain hyperactive, even when they are settling into old age. Like many breeds, untrained and unconfined young dogs often create their own fun when left alone, such as chewing house quarters and furniture. Thus, many that are abandoned have behavioral issues as a result of isolation and inadequate exercise. 88.2. DESCRIPTION 373

Weimaraner portrait

Weimaraners are generally good with children, but may not be appropriate for smaller children due to their tendency to knock them down in the course of play. They also may knock over elderly people or children by accident. Early training to sit through positive reinforcement is critical to prevent jumping in the future. The Weimaraner is a hunting dog with a strong, instinctive prey drive. Weimaraners will sometimes tolerate cats, but usually do not; they tend to still follow their urge to hunt, no matter how long they have known a particular cat. They are likely to chase, and will frequently kill, a small animal that enters their garden or backyard. In rural areas, most 374 CHAPTER 88. WEIMARANER

Weimaraner ascending spread jump

Weimaraners will not hesitate to chase deer or sheep. This breed tends to be very stubborn. However, with good training, this instinct can be curtailed to some degree. A properly trained Weimaraner is a companion that will never leave its master's side. While they do thrive on play and exercise, Weimaraners are well suited to an indoor, family lifestyle, and generally are not suited for life in a kennel because of their strong desire to be with their owner and family. Weimaraners are highly athletic and trainable, characteristics which allow them to excel in a variety of dog sports, such as agility.

88.2.3 As a hunting dog

Weimaraners have an excessive amount of energy that requires a good outlet. Weimaraners are well-rounded hunting dogs that excel at hunting, tracking, pointing, and retrieving both on land and in the water. The Weimaraner is a very people-oriented breed. They have a very strong desire to work and live with their owners, making the breed a good choice for the novice hunter. It requires a gentle touch when training to hunt, and it often learns best from a seasoned hunting dog.*[4]

88.2.4 Behavior disorders

Weimaraners are not an independent breed and love to be with their owner, never leaving them alone. This can create very severe separation anxiety in the breed.*[4] The causes of separation anxiety are not always known but there are precluding factors including, genetics, litter rearing, dominance, submission, boredom, and stress. Weimaraners with severe separation anxiety can destroy property or injure themselves in trying to escape. Good training can curb some of the separation anxiety.*[5] A Weimaraner with separation anxiety is likely to bark, whine, howl, and even dig until its owner returns home.*[6] Further manifestations of this problem can include panicking, and excessive drooling, along with destructive behaviors and injury.*[7] 88.3. HEALTH 375

Weimaraner

88.3 Health

According to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Weimaraners enjoy low rates of dysplasia. The breed is ranked 102nd of 153 total breeds and has a very high test rate and a very high percentage of excellent rating among those dogs tested.*[8] It is generally recommended to acquire Weimaraners only from breeders who have their dogs' hips tested using OFA or PennHIP methods. As a deep-chested dog, the Weimaraner is prone to bloat or gastric torsion, a very serious condition that can cause painful and rapid death when left untreated. It occurs when the stomach twists itself, thereby pinching off blood vessels and the routes of food traveling in or out. Symptoms include signs of general distress, discomfort, no bowel movement or sounds, and a swollen stomach. Immediate medical attention is imperative when bloat occurs and surgery is the only option if it is caught early enough. One way to help prevent bloat is to spread out the Weimaraner's feedings to at least twice daily and to avoid any vigorous exercise an hour before or after meals. It is also recommended that the dog's feeding dish not be placed on a raised platform to discourage it from gobbling its food too quickly and keep air from entering the stomach. Raised food bowls have been found to more than double the risk of bloat in large dogs.*[9] Skin allergies can affect some dogs. Take your dog to the vet if he starts to lose hair, itch constantly or develop rashes. You should also check for parasites, as they can cause an allergic reaction in addition to the normal irritation resulting from bites. Other health issues include:

• Cryptorchidism*[10] • Elbow dysplasia*[11] • Distichiasis*[10] • Von Willebrands Disease*[10] • Entropion*[11] • Hypothyroidism*[10] 376 CHAPTER 88. WEIMARANER

Weimaraner playing

• Hypertrophic osteodystrophy*[11]

• Pituitary dwarfism*[10]*[11]

• Hypomyelinogenesis*[11]

• Renal dysplasia*[11]

• Progressive retinal atrophy

• Congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia*[12]

88.4 References

[1] oʼNeill, D. G.; Church, D. B.; McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Brodbelt, D. C. (2013). “Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England”. The Veterinary Journal. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020. “n=26, median=12.6, IQR=11.1– 13.5”

[2] “thekennelclub/breed/display/Weimaraner”. www.thekennelclub.org.uk.

[3] Weimaraner Page

[4] Dearth, Kim D.R. “The Gray Ghost Weaves Its Spell”. Dog World. 88.5. EXTERNAL LINKS 377

[5] “Weimaraner Behavior”. Michigan Weimaraner Rescue Inc.

[6] “Phase IV: Troubleshooting your Mission: Dealing with problem behaviors”. Adonai's Weimaraners.

[7] Heil, Slater H. “Weimaraners”.

[8] “Weimaraner”. OFFA.

[9] Bloat (GDV) Study

[10] “List of common problems afflicting Weimaraners”. Weimaraner Club of America.

[11] “Weimaraners”. Canine Inherited Disorders Database.

[12] “Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic”. Vet Med. Retrieved 23 February 2014.

88.5 External links

• Weimaraner at DMOZ

• The Weimaraner Pedigree database Chapter 89

Cardigan Welsh Corgi

The Cardigan Welsh Corgi /ˈkɔrɡi/ is one of two separate dog breeds known as Welsh corgis that originated in Wales, the other being the Pembroke Welsh Corgi. It is one of the oldest herding breeds. Cardigan Welsh Corgis can be extremely loyal family dogs.*[1] They are able to live in a variety of settings, from apartments to farms. For their size, however, they need a surprising amount of daily physical and mental stimulation. Cardigans are a very versatile breed and a wonderful family companion.

89.1 History

Pembrokes and Cardigans first appeared together in dog shows in 1925 when they were shown under the rules of The Kennel Club in Britain.*[2] The Corgi Club was founded in December, 1925 in Carmarthen in South Wales.*[2] It is reported that the local members favored the Pembroke breed, so a club for Cardigan enthusiasts was founded a year later (1926).*[2] Both groups have worked hard to ensure the appearance and type of breed are standardized through careful selective breeding.*[2] Pembrokes and Cardigans were officially recognized by the Kennel Club in 1928 and were lumped together under the heading Welsh Corgis.*[2] In 1934, the two breeds were recognized individually and shown separately.

89.1.1 Origins

Cardigans are said to originate from the Teckel family of dogs, which also produced Dachshunds.*[3] They are among the oldest of all herding breeds, believed to have been in existence in Wales for over 3,000 years.

89.1.2 Legend

There is an old folktale that says that Queen Victoria was traveling down a country road one day until her carriage came up on a fallen tree branch. While wondering how she would get across, a fairy came out of nowhere and, in order to assist the queen, produced two corgis out of thin air. One was the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the other the Cardigan Welsh Corgi. The two Corgis moved the tree for the queen, and they say that is why the breed is currently prized by the British Queen, Elizabeth II. Another old folktale features a Cardigan Welsh Corgi battling an ancient dragon.

89.1.3 Popularity

Cardigans have never had the same popularity as Pembrokes, probably due to the influence of the Royal family. However, they have found their own place in many parts of the world. Cardigan Welsh Corgis can compete in dog sports also known as dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events.

378 89.2. DESCRIPTION 379

A blue merle-colored Cardigan

89.1.4 Name

The phrase “cor gi”is sometimes translated as “dwarf dog”in Welsh. The breed was often called “yard-long dogs”in older times. Today's name comes from their area of origin: Ceredigion in Wales.

89.1.5 Modern breed

Originally used only as a farm guardian, they eventually took on the traits of a cattle drover, herder, and many more.*[4] They are still highly valued for their herding, working, and guarding skills, as well as their companionship.

89.2 Description

• Life expectancy 12–15 years.*[5]

• In terms of breeding, a litter usually contains 4 to 6 pups. Litter size can vary though, from much smaller, to much larger.

The Cardigan is a long, low dog with upright ears and a fox brush tail.*[6] The old American Kennel Club standard called it an "Alsatian on short legs”. The Cardigan's tail is long (unlike the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, whose tail may be long,*[7] naturally bobbed or docked*[8]). Cardigans come in a variety of colors including any shade of red, sable, or brindle, as well as black, with or without tan, brindle or blue merle, with or without tan or brindle points. Other unofficial colors can occur, such as red merle, but these colors are not considered acceptable per the Cardigan standard. They usually have white on the neck, chest, legs, muzzle, underneath, tip of the tail and as a blaze on the head, known as the “Irish pattern.”Other markings include ticking on the legs and muzzle, smutty muzzles and monk's hoods, especially on sables (a pattern of darker tipped hairs over a basic red coat color.. An average Cardigan is around 10.5 to 13 inches (270 to 330 mm) tall at the withers and weighs from 30 to 38 pounds (14 to 17 kg) for the male and 25 to 34 pounds (11 to 15 kg) for the female. 380 CHAPTER 89. CARDIGAN WELSH CORGI

Puppy Cardigan Welsh Corgi

89.2.1 Temperament

• Originally bred for farm work, including herding sheep and cattle. Cardigan Welsh Corgis were bred long and low to make sure that any kicks by cattle would travel safely over the dogs' heads without touching them. Known as “a big dog in a small package,”

• Cardigans are highly intelligent, active, athletic dogs. 89.3. USE AS WORKING DOGS 381

Portrait of female Cardigan Welsh Corgi.

• Housepet They have proven themselves as excellent companion animals, Cardigans are affectionate, devoted companions that can also be alert and responsible guardians. If socialized at a young age, they can be nice with other dogs and housepets. Some Cardigan corgis are 'one-man dogs'.

• Competitive in sheepdog trials, dog agility, competitive obedience and rally obedience.

• Guard Dogs Cardigans are typically excellent watchdogs, as they are highly alert to the approach of strangers to their territory, and will be very vocal until they and/or their owner are assured that the stranger poses no threat. They tend to be wary of strangers and to reserve their affection for a select few with whom they are familiar.

89.3 Use as working dogs

Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Corgis exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[9] Cardigan Welsh Corgis can compete in dog sports also known as dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events.

89.4 Health

The Kennel Club survey puts the average life span of the Cardigan Welsh Corgi at 11.7 years. The most common causes of death for the breed were cancer (28.3%), old age (24.6%), and neurological disorders (15.2%).*[10] 382 CHAPTER 89. CARDIGAN WELSH CORGI

89.5 Pictures

•

• •

•

•

89.6 References

[1] Sheldon L. Gerstenfeld; Jacque Lynn Schultz; American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (15 October 1999). ASPCA complete guide to dogs. Chronicle Books. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-0-8118-1904-6. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

[2] Debra M. Eldredge (27 January 2009). Pembroke Welsh Corgi: Your Happy Healthy Pet, with DVD. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-0-470-39061-0. Retrieved 10 December 2011.

[3] “History of the Cardigan Welsh Corgi”. Cardigan Welsh Corgi Association.

[4] Jan Greye; Gail Jesse Smith (30 July 2002). Puppy Parenting: Everything You Need to Know About Your Puppy's First Year. HarperCollins. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-0-06-001260-1. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

[5] Eve Adamson; Richard G. Beauchamp; Margaret H. Bonham; Stanley Coren; Miriam Fields-Babineau (29 March 2010). Dogs All-In-One for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 535. ISBN 978-0-470-52978-2. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

[6] Richard G. Beauchamp (1 March 2010). Welsh Corgis: Pembroke and Cardigan. Barron's Educational Series. pp. 25–. ISBN 978-0-7641-4242-0. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

[7] Hytönen et al. (2008), “Ancestral T-Box mutation is present in many, but not all, short-tailed dog breeds”, Journal of Heredity, Advance Access published online on October 14, 2008, doi:10.1093/jhered/esn085

[8] “Pembroke Welsh Corgi Breed Standard”. American Kennel Club.

[9] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.

[10] “2004 Purebred Dog Health Survey”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 16 August 2010.

89.7 External links

• MyCorgi.com (non-profit charity & social networking for corgi owners)

• Cardigan Welsh Corgi at DMOZ 89.7. EXTERNAL LINKS 383

Purebred Cardigan Welsh Corgis Chapter 90

Pembroke Welsh Corgi

The Pembroke Welsh Corgi (/ˈkɔrɡi/; Welsh for “dwarf dog”), is a herding dog breed, which originated in Pembrokeshire, Wales.*[1] It is one of two breeds known as Welsh Corgi: the other is the Cardigan Welsh Corgi. They descend from the line that is the northern spitz-type dog (examples include that of the Siberian Husky).*[2] The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is the younger of the two Corgi breeds and is a separate and distinct breed*[3] from the Cardigan.*[1] The corgi is one of the smallest dogs in the Herding Group. Pembroke Welsh Corgis are famed for being the preferred breed of Queen Elizabeth II, who has owned more than 30 during her reign.*[4] These dogs have been favored by British royalty for more than seventy years. The Pembroke Welsh Corgi has been ranked at #11 in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, and is thus considered an excellent working dog. The Pembroke Welsh Corgi was ranked as the 25th most popular dog in 2011.*[5]

90.1 Description

90.1.1 Appearance

The Pembroke Welsh Corgi has erect ears, and proportional to the equilateral triangle of the head. They should also be firm, medium in size, and tapered slightly to a rounded point. The head should be foxy in shape and appearance. Pembroke Welsh Corgis differ from the closely related Cardigan Welsh Corgi by being shorter in length, having smaller ears, and being slightly straighter of leg.*[6] The Pembroke Welsh Corgi has a “fairy saddle”, somewhat lighter markings on each side of the withers caused by changes in the thickness, length and direction of hair growth.*[7] The Pembroke Welsh Corgi sheds mostly in the spring and fall and may shed annually, with intact females shedding during heat.*[8] Many breed faults exist, some which may acknowledge genetic health conditions: “Fluffies”are Corgis which have very long coats,*[9] and “bluies,”are a dilute color. In a “bluie,”red coats seem to have a bluish cast.*[10] Some Pembroke Welsh Corgis are born with a natural docked tail. Others may have their tails docked between 2–5 days old due to historical tradition or as a measure of confirmation to the Breed Standard .*[11] Artificial docking was born of necessity given the Pembroke's function as a herding dog in the United Kingdom. According to Tax Law any companion canine was considered a luxury. Thus, pet/companion owners were levied a tax. However, dog owners who kept dogs for working purposes such as herding were exempt from the tax. In order to claim the exemption, owners had to ensure that the dogs sported docked or bobbed tails. The Kennel Club,*[12] the United Kennel Club,*[13] and the FCI allow intact tails in Conformation shows. The AKC Standard states tails should be docked no longer than 2 inches (5 cm). In many countries, docking has been deemed illegal.*[14]

90.1.2 Temperament

Pembroke Welsh Corgis are very affectionate, love to be involved in the family, and tend to follow wherever their owners go. They have a great desire to please their owners, thus making them eager to learn and train. The dogs are easy to train and are ranked as the eleventh smartest dog in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs. Besides herding, they also function as watchdogs due to their alertness and tendency to bark only as needed. Most Pembrokes will seek

384 90.2. HEALTH 385

Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Tri-Colored Male Puppy the attention of everyone they meet and behave well around children and other pets. It is important to socialise this breed with other animals, adults and children when they are very young to avoid any anti-social behavior or aggression later in life. Due to their herding instinct, they love to chase anything that moves, so it is best to keep them inside fenced areas. The herding instinct will also cause some younger Pembrokes to nip at their owners' ankles.*[15]

90.2 Health

Pembrokes have an average life expectancy of 12–15 years.*[16]*[17] Pembroke Welsh Corgis are achondroplastic, meaning they are a “true dwarf”breed. As such, their stature and build can lead to certain non-inherited health conditions, but genetic issues should also be considered. Commonly, Pembrokes can suffer from monorchidism, Von Willebrand's disease, hip dysplasia (canine), degenerative myelopathy (DM) and inherited eye problems such as progressive retinal atrophy. Genetic testing is available for Pembroke Welsh Corgis to avoid these issues and enhance the genetic health pool. *[18] Pembrokes are also prone to obesity given a characteristic, robust appetite of herding group breeds.*[19]

90.3 History

The Pembroke Welsh Corgi lineage has been traced back as far as 1107 AD.*[1]*[20] It is said that the Vikings and Flemish weavers brought the dogs with them as they traveled to reside in Wales.*[20] As far back as the 10th century, Corgis were herding sheep, geese, ducks, horses and cattle as one of the oldest herding breed of dogs. 386 CHAPTER 90. PEMBROKE WELSH CORGI

Red-headed Tricolor with receding sable mask marking from puppyhood.

Pembroke Welsh Corgis are closely related to Schipperkes, Keeshonds, Pomeranians, Samoyeds, Chow Chows, Norwegian Elkhounds and Finnish Spitz.*[15] Pembrokes and Cardigans first appeared together in 1925 when they were shown under the rules of The Kennel Club in Britain.*[2] The Corgi Club was founded in December, 1925 in Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire.*[2] It is reported that the local members favored the Pembroke breed, so a club for Cardigan enthusiasts was founded a year or so later.*[2] Both groups have worked hard to ensure the appearance and type of breed are standardized through careful selective breeding.*[2] Pembrokes and Cardigans were officially recognized by the Kennel Club in 1928 and were initially categorized together under the single heading of Welsh Corgis, before the two breeds were recognized as separate and distinct in 1934.*[2] Pembroke Welsh Corgis are becoming more popular in the United States and rank 24th in American Kennel Club registrations,*[21] as of 2012.

90.4 Activities

Pembroke Welsh Corgis can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests.*[22] 90.5. IN POPULAR CULTURE 387

Pembroke leaving teeter-totter during a dog agility competition.

90.5 In popular culture

The anime series Cowboy Bebop features an extraordinarily intelligent Pembroke Welsh Corgi named Ein.*[23] Lil' Lightning from 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure is a Pembroke Welsh Corgi. In the online series RWBY, Ruby and Yang have a Pembroke Welsh Corgi named Zwei, who is sent to them by their Father Taiyang. 388 CHAPTER 90. PEMBROKE WELSH CORGI

90.6 See also

• Welsh Corgi • Cardigan Welsh Corgi • Swedish Vallhund • Herding Group

90.7 References

[1] Wheeler, Jill C. (2010). Welsh Corgis. ABDO. p. 6. ISBN 1-61613-641-3. [2] Debra M. Eldredge (27 January 2009). Pembroke Welsh Corgi: Your Happy Healthy Pet, with DVD. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-0-470-39061-0. Retrieved 10 December 2011. [3] “Pembroke Welsh Corgi - DID YOU KNOW?". Retrieved 28 January 2013. [4] “Queen's Diamond Jubilee: Just how many dogs does she own?". Retrieved 28 January 2013. [5] “AKC DOG REGISTRATION STATISTICS”. Retrieved 28 January 2013. [6] Richard G. Beauchamp (1999). Welsh Corgis: Pembroke and Cardigan : Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Grooming, Behavior, and Training. Barron's Educational Series. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-7641-0557-9. [7] Debra M. Eldredge, DVM (25 February 2009). Pembroke Welsh Corgi: Your Happy Healthy Pet, with DVD. John Wiley & Sons. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-470-44364-4. [8] Debra M. Eldredge, DVM (25 February 2009). Pembroke Welsh Corgi: Your Happy Healthy Pet, with DVD. John Wiley & Sons. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-470-44364-4. [9] Eldredge, Debra M (2009). Pembroke Welsh Corgi: Your Happy Healthy Pet, with DVD. John Wiley & Sons. p. 17. ISBN 0-470-44364-2. [10] Richard G. Beauchamp (2010). Welsh Corgis--Pembroke and Cardigan: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Grooming, Behavior, and Training. Barron's Educational Series. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-7641-4242-0. [11] PWCCA Standard of Perfection [12] Kennel Clun. “Pembroke Welsh Corg”. Retrieved 28 January 2013. [13] United Kennel Club. “Pembroke Welsh Corgi”. Retrieved 28 January 2013. [14] Cathy Lambert. Getting to Know Poodles: A Guide to Choosing and Owning a Poodle. Animalinfo Publications. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-921537-06-6. [15] “Get to know the Pembroke Welsh Corgi”. Retrieved 28 January 2013. [16] “2004 Purebred Dog Health Survey”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 16 August 2010. [17] The Dog Encyclopedia. Penguin. 2013. p. 59. ISBN 1-4654-2116-5. [18] “From the Genetics Committee of the Pembroke Welsh Corgi Club of America, Inc.”. Retrieved 28 January 2013. [19] E. Hywel Burton (18 October 2011). Pembroke Welsh Corgi. Kennel Club Books. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-59378-890-2. [20] “Pembroke Welsh Corgi - HISTORY”. Retrieved 28 January 2013. [21] “AKC Dog Registration Statistics”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 29 June 2013. [22] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5. [23] “Cowboy Bepop Review”. THEM Anime Review.

90.8 External links

• MyCorgi.com (non-profit charity & social networking for corgi owners) Chapter 91

Welsh Sheepdog

The Welsh Sheepdog is a breed or landrace of herding dog from Wales.(Welsh: Ci Defaid Cymreig, pronounced [kiː dɛˈvaɪd kəmˈrɛɨɡ].) Like other types of working dog, Welsh Sheepdogs are normally bred for their herding abilities rather than appearance, and so they are generally somewhat variable in build, colour and size. Welsh Sheepdogs are of collie type, usually black-and-white, red-and-white or tricolour, and merle markings may occur over any of these combinations. The coat may be short or fairly long, and the ears are pricked, but usually folded at the tip. They are longer in leg, broader in chest and wider in muzzle than the Border Collie. They are extremely active and intelligent, and therefore need much exercise and mental stimulation, if they are to be kept as pets. Welsh Sheepdogs are more commonly known as Welsh Collies, however these are the same breed.

tricolour Welsh sheepdog from farm in Brecon Beacons, Wales

Over many decades the Welsh Sheepdog has been widely replaced in Wales for working sheep by the Border Collie, but in more recent years efforts have been made to maintain the indigenous Welsh Sheepdog as a distinct type.

389 390 CHAPTER 91. WELSH SHEEPDOG

Welsh Sheepdogs are usually of loose-eyed action, not fixing the stock with their gaze like the strong-eyed Border Collie. They are able to work independently without necessarily being under direct human control. Welsh Sheepdogs are most often used for herding sheep, but also readily work cattle, goats, and even horses and pigs. Traditionally they were often used as droving dogs to take cattle and sheep to markets locally or elsewhere in Britain. The Welsh Sheepdog's life span is 12–15 years.

91.1 History

At one time there existed many sheep-herding dogs peculiar to Wales; during the 18th century Welsh drovers taking sheep for sale took with them five or six Welsh Sheepdogs as“herders on the narrow roads, guards against highway- men, and providers of game on the route”.*[1] These were an early type of Welsh Sheepdog, higher on the leg and more racily built than the modern day breed.”.*[1] However, by the 1940s the group had decreased to two or three breeds only.*[1] The ancient pure breeds of Black- and-Tan-Sheepdog and Welsh Hillman were almost extinct , and were scarcely ever seen working. The type best known in Wales at that time was mostly descended from the old Black-and-Tan with an infusion of working Border Collie blood.*[1] In the 1940s the Welsh Sheepdog was common throughout the north and central Welsh counties. In herding activities it did not normally work low to the ground in“the showy manner sometimes seen in the work of the working [Border] Collies”.*[1] It was variable in type; approximately 18 in (46 cm) in height, but the weight ranged from the lighter built, leggier dog of North Wales at 35 lb (16 kg) to the more solid 40 to 45 lb (18 to 20 kg) dogs of Glamorganshire and Monmouthshire. There were no dog show classes for the Welsh Sheepdog as it was purely a working breed.*[1]

91.2 Activities

Welsh Sheepdogs can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, rally obedience, flyball, tracking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Welsh Sheepdogs that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in stock dog trials.*[2]

91.3 References

[1] Hubbard, C L B, Dogs In Britain, A Description of All Native Breeds and Most Foreign Breeds in Britain, Macmillan & Co Ltd, 1948.

[2] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.

91.4 External links

• Welsh Sheepdog Society

• The Welsh Sheepdog • Breeds From A Common Root and the Welsh Sheepdog Chapter 92

Welsh Springer Spaniel

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family. Thought to be comparable to the old Land Spaniel, they are similar to the English Springer Spaniel and historically have been referred to as both the Welsh Spaniel and the Welsh Cocker Spaniel. They were relatively unknown until a succession of victories in dog trials by the breed increased its popularity. Following recognition by The Kennel Club in 1902, the breed gained the modern name of Welsh Springer Spaniel. The breed's coat only comes in a single colour combination of white with red markings, usually in a piebald pattern. Loyal and affectionate, they can become very attached to family members and are wary of strangers. Health conditions are limited to those common among many breeds of dog, although they are affected more than average by hip dysplasia and some eye conditions. They are a working dog, bred for hunting, and while not as rare as some varieties of spaniel, they are rarer than the more widely known English Springer Spaniel with which they are sometimes confused.

92.1 History

The actual date of origin of the Welsh Springer Spaniel cannot be traced, however dogs resembling the breed with its distinctive red and white coat are frequently depicted in old pictures and prints.*[1] This type of dog was known as the Land Spaniel, and is considered to be similar to the modern Welsh Springer.*[2] John Caius, writing in 1570, said “Spaniels whose skynnes are white and if marked with any spottes they are commonly red”.*[3] It is thought that these Spaniels may have made their way into the Welsh valleys where local sportsman and hunters managed to conserve them in a pure state.*[3] At one time called the Welsh Starter, it was used to spring game, originally for hunters using falcons.*[4] The tradi- tional red and white colour of the Welsh Springer was once also found in English dogs, but by the early 20th century any such dogs were considered to have “died out long ago”.*[5] The Welsh Springer Spaniel was also at one time called the Welsh Spaniel, and also at one point was included in the Kennel Club (UK) studbook as Cocker Spaniels,*[3] and was known as the Welsh Cocker. During the 19th century were several different varieties of Cocker Spaniel, including the English, the Welsh and the Devonshire as the term was used to describe the size of the dog rather than the breed.*[6] Unusually, in John George Wood's 1865 book The Illustrated Natural History, an image is described showing a Welsh Cocker Spaniel as a solid coloured dark spaniel.*[7] The same inscription is used in the 1867 work The Dog in Health and Disease by Stonehenge and he further describes the Welsh Cocker and the Devonshire Cocker as “both being of a deep-liver colour”.*[8] The Welsh Springer was relatively unknown during the 19th Century, but this changed in 1900 when Mr. A. T. Williams of Ynis-y-Gerwn won the team stake at the Sporting Spaniel Club Trials. The trials were held on Mr. Williams' own estate, and it was thought that when his team defeated eight well known teams it was because of the home advantage. This was disproved when dogs from the same kennel went on to win in successive years around the UK.*[3] His conformation show champion dog Corrin was the first Welsh Springer Spaniel to be photographed.*[9] Welsh Springers were recognised by The Kennel Club, after the breed had gained popularity, in 1902 under the new name of Welsh Springer Spaniel.*[4]*[6] Until then the breed was shown alongside the English Springer Spaniel. The Welsh Springer Spaniel was transported to America in the late 19th century and gained recognition by the American Kennel Club in 1906.*[10] World War I caused problems for the breed in the United Kingdom, and when the war was over there were no dogs

391 392 CHAPTER 92. WELSH SPRINGER SPANIEL

An image of English and Welsh Cockers, published in 1859 whose parents had registered pedigrees. The breed restarted with the remaining unregistered dogs, and it is these dogs that formed the modern day breed. The breeders in the 1920s and 1930s developed these dogs into the type of Welsh Springer Spaniel which remains today.*[11] The Welsh Springer Spaniel Club (UK) was formed in 1923, registrations slowly increased between the wars but all records held by the breed club were destroyed in an air raid during World War II.*[9] Following the two World Wars, it was thought that no Welsh Springers remained in the United States.*[10] The breed was reintroduced, and the descendants of those dogs make up the breed today in the United States and Canada.*[12] The breed was officially imported into Australia in 1973.*[4] In 2000, The Kennel Club registered 424 Welsh Springer Spaniels, compared with 12,599 English Springer Spaniels and 13,445 English Cocker Spaniels.*[13]*[14] Numbers remained steady, with 420 Welsh Springer Spaniels being registered in 2004, however numbers of English Springer Spaniels increased to 14,765 and English Cocker Spaniels to 16,608. Numbers remain closer to the American Cocker Spaniel which registered 610 in 2000, and 599 in 2004. The breed remains more popular than some other breeds of Spaniel, including the Clumber Spaniel, Field Spaniel, Sussex Spaniel and Irish Water Spaniel.*[14]

92.2 Description

92.2.1 Appearance

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a compact, solidly built dog, bred for hard work and endurance. Their body can give the impression of length due to its obliquely angled forequarters and developed hindquarters.*[15] The build of the Welsh Springer Spaniel should be slightly off square, meaning that the length of the dog should be slightly greater than the height at the withers. However, some dogs may be square, and this is not penalised in the show ring as long 92.2. DESCRIPTION 393

Ch. Corrin, a show dog owned by Mr A.T. Williams, photographed in two poses in 1903.

as the height is never greater than the length. Traditionally a docked breed, dependant on legislation in the country of origin,*[4] and where allowed the dew claws can be removed.*[16] In conformation showing, eyes should be brown in colour;*[17] yellow eyes do sometimes occur but are penalised in the show ring.*[15] Ears are small, pendulous (suspended and hanging), vine-shaped and with a light setter-like feathering.*[4] Nostrils are well developed and are black or any shade of brown; a pink nose is penalised in the AKC standard for the show ring,*[15] in Britain the colour is not specified in The Kennel Club's breed standard.*[17] In showing, a scissors bite is preferred with an undershot jaw severely penalised.*[15] Unlike the English Springer Spaniel and English Cocker Spaniel, there is no divergence into show and field types of the breed.*[18] Male dogs are 18 to 19 inches (46 to 48 cm) high at the withers, with females a little smaller at 17 to 18 inches (43 to 46 cm). On average, members of the breed weigh between 35 to 45 lb (16 to 20 kg).*[19] The back of the legs, chest, and underside of the body are feathered, and the ears and tail are lightly feathered. The only colour is a rich red-and-white.*[20] Any pattern is acceptable and any white area may be flecked with red ticking.*[15] Welsh Springers are often confused with the English Springer Spaniel, but there are marked differences.*[21] The Welsh Springer is slightly smaller, and its reddish markings on a white background as opposed to the English Springers black or liver-coloured markings.*[19] Both breeds are admired for their hunting abilities and their trademark trait of “springing”at game. This can be seen during play also, as a dog may “spring”on his toy. *[22] Some experts believe that the Welsh Springer Spaniel and the Brittany Spaniel share the same ancestry as there is a great deal of resemblance between the two breeds.*[23] The colours of the Welsh Springer, while exclusive from the English Springer, appear in the Brittany Spaniel and the Brittany and Welsh Springers are both of similar sizes.*[24]*[25] The Welsh Springer is larger than the English Cocker Spaniel.*[4]

92.2.2 Temperament

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is an active, loyal, and affectionate breed. They may meet unfamiliar strangers with barking when in the dog's territory, or act aloof, cautious or wary.*[26] The breed is well known for being friendly and demonstrative to all members of the family, especially children, and accepting other pets of the household with a friendly, playful attitude.*[12] 394 CHAPTER 92. WELSH SPRINGER SPANIEL

A Welsh Springer Spaniel on left, and an English Springer Spaniel on right

The breed is quick to learn but can be headstrong,*[27] though with correct training can become very obedient. The Welsh Springer was bred for work and endurance, and as with many breeds of hunting dogs requires a regular exercise routine to keep them healthy and content. Without adequate exercise, a Welsh Springer Spaniel may appear hyperactive.*[19] Some Welsh Springers can become clingy towards their owners and suffer separation anxiety when alone.*[26]

92.3 Health

The Welsh Springer is generally a healthy breed, but some can suffer conditions common to many breeds such as hip dysplasia, Canine glaucoma and like other dogs with pendulous ears,*[28] they are prone to ear infections such as otitis externa.*[29] In a survey of over a hundred breeds of dog conducted in 1997, the Welsh Springer Spaniel was ranked 14th for worst hip score, with the average score of the breed being 18.45.*[30] The average lifespan is 12 to 15 years.*[19]

92.3.1 Eye disorders

Welsh Springers can be prone to entropion, which is a disorder that affects the eyelids. The condition causes them to curl inwards, pressing the eyelashes against the surface of the eye itself and causing them to scratch it.*[27] This can lead to irritation and damage to the cornea. In most cases it only affects the lower eyelid on one or both eyes, but in some cases the upper eyelid can be affected as well. Symptoms can include tearing, squinting, the rubbing of the eyes, thick discharge from the eyes and rolling of the eyelid along with wetness on the hairs next to the eyelids. There is no medical treatment for entropion, and surgical correction may be necessary depending on the severity of the case. This condition may be present soon after birth, or later in life as a secondary condition to other eye related diseases 92.3. HEALTH 395

Welsh Springers are affectionate and inquisitive 396 CHAPTER 92. WELSH SPRINGER SPANIEL

Welsh Springer Spaniel in a dog harness. or infections. Other breeds also affected by the condition include the Chow Chow, Great Dane, Golden Retriever and the English Springer Spaniel.*[31]*[32] Narrow/closed angle glaucoma is an autosomal dominant inheritable trait in the breed. It is a leading cause of blind- ness in dogs, and is where there is increased fluid pressure within the eye. If the fluid is not reduced, the pressure causes permanent damage to the retina and optic nerve. Loss of eyesight can happen as quickly as within 24 hours if the pressure if elevated enough, or slowly over time if it is only a mild elevation. The sudden, rapid elevation of pressure is more common with narrow/closed angle glaucoma which is more common to the breed than the slower open angle glaucoma. Symptoms can include redness in the eye, the eye itself looking cloudy, sensitivity to light and the dog may rub at their eye, or even rub it along other objects and carpet as the condition is moderate to extremely painful. Treatment can vary depending on the severity of the condition but if inherited glaucoma appears in one eye then it usually occurs in the other eye eventually.*[33]

92.4 See also

• Hunting dog

• Sporting Group

92.5 References

[1] Johns, Catherine (15 December 2008). Dogs: History, Myth, Art. Harvard University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-674- 03093-0. Retrieved 25 February 2010.

[2] 19th, ed. (March 1998). The Complete Dog Book. American Kennel Club. Howell Book House. p. 113. ISBN 978-0- 87605-148-1. 92.5. REFERENCES 397

A photograph of a Welsh Springer Spaniel from 1915.

[3] Smith, A.C. (6 October 2008). Gun Dogs - Their Training, Working and Management. Brewster Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-1-4437-1920-9. Retrieved 25 February 2010.

[4] Burke, Don (2005). The complete Burke's backyard: the ultimate book of fact sheets. Murdoch Books. p. 877. ISBN 978-1-74045-739-2. Retrieved 2010-02-18.

[5] Drury, W.D. (1903). “The Welsh Springer”. British Dogs, Their Points, Selection, And Show Preparation. Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved 18 February 2010.

[6] “Introduction and History”. Cocker Spaniel Club. Retrieved 26 February 2010.

[7] Wood, John George (1865). The illustrated natural history. George Routledge and Sons. p. 270. Retrieved 18 February 2010.

[8] Stonehenge (1867). The Dog in Health and Disease (1st ed.). Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer. p. 112.

[9] Phillips, John (4 January 2002). “A Short History of the Welsh Springer Spaniel”. The Welsh Springer Spaniel Club. Retrieved 25 February 2010.

[10] “Welsh Springer Spaniel History”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 26 February 2010.

[11] “Breed History”. Welsh Springer Spaniel Club of South Wales. Retrieved 16 February 2010.

[12] “Welsh Springer Spaniel Information”. Sarah's Dogs. Retrieved 18 February 2010.

[13] “The Welsh Springer Spaniel - an Introduction”. The Welsh Springer Spaniel Club. Retrieved 15 February 2010.

[14] “Welsh Springer Spaniel Popularity”. The Welsh Springer Spaniel Club. Retrieved 15 February 2010.

[15] “AKC MEET THE BREEDS: Welsh Springer Spaniel”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 10 November 2009.

[16] “What are dewclaws?". Council of Docked Breeds. Retrieved 24 February 2010. 398 CHAPTER 92. WELSH SPRINGER SPANIEL

[17] “Spaniel (Welsh Springer) Breed Standard”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 18 February 2010.

[18] “Spaniels”. Dog Owners Guide. Retrieved 25 February 2010.

[19] Smith, Steve (September 2002). The Encyclopedia of North American Sporting Dogs: Written by Sportsmen for Sportsmen (Hardcover ed.). Willow Creek Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-57223-501-4. Retrieved 15 February 2010.

[20] “Welsh Springer Spaniel”. Pet Planet. Retrieved 24 February 2010.

[21] “Information About Welsh Springer Spaniel Dogs”. Dogup.com. Retrieved 27 February 2010.

[22] Ditto, Tanya B. (April 1994). English Springer Spaniels. Earle-Bridges, Michele. Barron's Educational Series. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-8120-1778-6. Retrieved 15 February 2010.

[23] Rice, Dan (1 March 2008). Brittanys. Barron's Educational Series. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7641-3772-3. Retrieved 25 February 2010.

[24] “AKC MEET THE BREEDS: Brittany”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 15 February 2010.

[25] “AKC MEET THE BREEDS: English Springer Spaniel”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 15 February 2010.

[26] Spiotta-DiMare, Loren (1 October 1999). The sporting spaniel handbook. Barron's Educational Series. pp. 125 to 128. ISBN 978-0-7641-0884-6. Retrieved 15 February 2010.

[27] Ruben, Dr. Dawn. “Choosing a Welsh Springer Spaniel”. PetPlace.com. Retrieved 27 February 2010.

[28] “Pet Care: Ear infections”. Healthy Pet.com. Retrieved 2010-02-09.

[29] “Welsh Springer Spaniel”. Pet MD. Retrieved 26 February 2010.

[30] Wind, Alida; Davidson, Autumn P.; Morgan, Joe P. (8 August 2003). Hereditary Bone and Joint Diseases in the Dog: Os- teochondroses, Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia. Schlutersche. p. 272. ISBN 978-3-87706-548-8. Retrieved 25 February 2010.

[31] Spielman, Dr. Bari. “Entropion in Dogs”. PetPlace.com. Retrieved 27 February 2010.

[32] Alderton, David (2006). Top to Tail:The 360 Degrees Guide to Picking Your Perfect Pet. David & Charles PLC. p. 110. ISBN 0-7153-2589-2.

[33] “What is glaucoma?". Canine Inherited Disorders Database. 28 March 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2010.

92.6 External links

• Welsh Springer Spaniel at DMOZ Chapter 93

Welsh Terrier

The Welsh Terrier is a Welsh breed of dog. It was originally bred for hunting fox, rodents and badger,*[1] but during the last century it has mainly been bred for showing. Despite this, it has retained its terrier strength of character. The Welsh Terrier originates from Wales and has been claimed to be the oldest existing dog breed in the UK according to research.*[2] The Welsh Terrier was a latecomer to the British show-ring (being primarily a working dog) and was not officially registered as a breed until the 19th century. It is currently on the UK Kennel Clubs list of breeds that are in danger of dying out, having as few as 300 or so pups registered annually, as compared to the nation's most popular breeds that are registered in the tens of thousands each year.

93.1 Description

93.1.1 Appearance

Welsh Terrier in Tallinn

399 400 CHAPTER 93. WELSH TERRIER

The Welsh Terrier is colored tan on the head, legs and underbelly while having a black or sometimes grizzle sad- dle.This is not always the case with female terriers as they are sometimes a simple darker tan all over. The breed is a sturdy and compact dog of about medium size that can grow up to 15.5 in (39 cm)*[3] with a weight of 20–22 pounds (9.1–10.0 kg). The tail was usually docked until this was prohibited in the United Kingdom in 2006, being preferred in order to complete the image of a square dog, as tall as it is long. The body shape is rectangular, with an elongated, “brick-like”face. This shape is formed by the whiskers and beard.*[4] With pedigrees the face can take a more oval shape and be finer boned and more distinct. The hair contains two layers, an undercoat that insulates and an abrasive fur on top that protects against dirt, rain, and wind.*[5] Welsh Terriers are born mostly all black and during the first year they change the color to standard black and tan grizzle. This breed does not shed *[6] (see Moult). However, the coat requires regular maintenance including brushing and hand stripping. An undocked Welsh Terrier tail is only an inch or so longer than a docked tail and does not make a great deal of difference to the overall appearance. The coat does not moult out but old hairs will eventually be stripped out through play and movement if the coat is not regularly raked. Ungroomed coats can also fade and thin out as the old hair loses colour and texture. to keep a moult free house and a good coat on your Welsh Terrier it is necessary to rake out the coat on a regular basis. Welsh terriers need some grooming. Their fur grows a little long. The Welsh Terrier closely resembles a compact Airedale Terrier.

93.1.2 Temperament

Welsh Terrier resting

The Welsh Terrier has a typical terrier temperament. In the right hands, it is a happy, lively, and seldom shy or timid dog, but sometimes can have an attitude. The Welsh Terrier is generally friendly with people and dogs but when a challenge is perceived, he will not back down. Dogs of this breed can be devoted friends and can function either as city dogs or as country dogs. Welsh Terriers were developed to hunt independently and this required that they be very assertive and stoic dogs. As a consequence, developing obedience in a Welsh Terrier is a long-term proposition and one has to constantly work on and reinforce the training. They rank 53rd in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of average work- ing/obedience intelligence. This, however, does not mean that Welsh Terriers fail to learn or understand commands, just that they tend to make their own decisions; thus the need for constant reinforcement. When acting on their own, 93.2. HEALTH 401

A winning Welsh Terrier in a dog show they are quite creative and quick in decision making. They also have the potential for excessive barking. Like other terrier breeds, the Welsh Terrier enjoys digging. A Welsh Terrier is full of energy and requires regular exercise. A run around the yard during the day is insufficient. They become yappy, and if bored, they may explore and potentially cause mischief and damage. Welsh Terriers need a challenge to keep them entertained. For example, they love chasing toys and love swimming (a good example would be lake activities with their families). Welsh Terriers get along well with children; they love to play and follow a child as it plays, however, and they will often tug at pant legs and can knock young ones off their feet. If they are around young children at an early age, they will easily learn to play more gently. As with all breeds, it is important to socialize Welsh Terriers as early as possible to a wide range of dogs, people, and experiences.

93.2 Health

The body of the Welsh Terrier is normal and healthy so that the physique is durable and lasting. Some studies have suggested a genetic predisposition to Primary Lens Luxation which results in secondary glaucoma.*[7] A healthy Welsh Terrier lives around 12 to 13 years on average and stays active and alert up to a high age if it is well taken care of and healthy.

93.2.1 Notable Welsh Terriers

• Charlie, pet of John F. Kennedy

• Clement Attlee, Ist Earl Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1945-1951 owned a Welsh Terrier. The dog is incorporated into Earl Attlee's coat-of-arms

• Gwen, Welsh Terrier pet of Edward, Prince of Wales, later King Edward VIII. 402 CHAPTER 93. WELSH TERRIER

93.3 In popular culture

• In the animated film Balto III: Wings of Change, the character of Mel is a Welsh Terrier. He is very neurotic and is voiced by Oscar-nominated actor David Paymer.

93.4 References

[1] “NZKC - Breed Standard - Welsh Terrier”. New Zealand Kennel Club. Retrieved 30 October 2011.

[2] Calder, Julian and Bruce, Alastair. “The Oldest – in celebration of Britain's living history”.

[3] “CKC Breed Standards: Welsh Terrier”. Canadian Kennel Club. Retrieved 30 October 2011.

[4] “AKC MEET THE BREEDS: Welsh Terrier”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 30 October 2011.

[5] “Welsh Terrier: Dog Breed Selector”. animal.discovery.com. Retrieved 30 October 2011.

[6] “Dogs That Do Not Shed”. gopetsamerica.com.

[7] “Canine Glaucoma and Lens Luxation Research”. caninegeneticdiseases.net. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008.

93.5 External links

• Welsh Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 94

West Highland White Terrier

The West Highland White Terrier, commonly known as the Westie or Westy, is a Scottish breed of dog with a distinctive white coat. The modern breed is descended from a number of breeding programs of white terriers in Scotland prior to the 20th century. Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch, is credited with the creation of the modern breed from his Poltalloch Terrier, but did not want to be known as such. Other related breeds included George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll's Roseneath Terrier and Dr. Americ Edwin Flaxman's Pittenweem Terriers. The breeds of small white Scottish terriers were given its modern name for the first time in 1908, with recognition by major kennel clubs occurring around the same time. The breed remains very popular in the UK and is in the top third of all breeds in the US since the 1960s. It has been featured in television and film including in Hamish Macbeth and in advertising by companies such as Cesar dog food and Scottish whisky Black & White. It is a medium-sized terrier, although with longer legs than other Scottish breeds of terrier. It has a white double coat of fur which fills out the dog's face giving it a rounded appearance. The breed can be good with children, but will not always tolerate rough handling. The Westie is an active breed, but are social with a high prey drive, as they were once used to hunt rodents. Several breed-specific and non-specific health issues appear in the breed including a condition in young dogs nick- named "westie jaw" which causes an overgrowth of bone in the jaw of the dog. It is also prone to skin disorders, with a breed-specific condition called Hyperplastic Dermatosis occurring. They are very energetic and need plenty of exercise. Cousin to the “Scotty”, the Westie was bred to hunt small rodents at places such as farms.

94.1 Appearance

Commonly, Westies have bright, deep-set, almond-shaped eyes that are dark in colour. Its ears are pointed and erect.*[1] Members of the breed typically weigh between 15 and 20 pounds (6.8 and 9.1 kg), and the average height is between 10–11 inches (25–28 cm) at the withers.*[1] The body should be shorter than the height of the dog at the shoulder.*[1] It also has a deep chest, muscular limbs, a black nose, a short and a closely fitted jaw with “scissors”bite (lower canines locked in front of upper canines, upper incisors locked over lower incisors).*[2] The Westie's paws are slightly turned out to give it better grip than flat footed breeds when it climbs on rocky surfaces.*[3] In young puppies, the nose and footpads have pink markings, which slowly turn black as it ages.*[2] It has a soft, dense, thick undercoat and a rough outer coat,*[1] which can grow to about 2 inches (5.1 cm) long.*[2] The fur fills out the face to give a rounded appearance.*[1] As it develops into adults, its coarse outer coat is normally removed by either “hand-stripping”, especially for dog-showing, or otherwise clipping.*[1]

94.2 Temperament

The temperament of the West Highland White Terrier can vary greatly, with some being friendly towards children whilst others prefer solitude.*[4] It will not tolerate rough handling such as a child pulling on its ears, and can be both food and toy possessive.*[5] Members of the breed are normally independent, assured and self-confident and

403 404 CHAPTER 94. WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

Westies have soft, dense, thick undercoat and a rough outer coat

can make good watchdogs. It is a loyal breed that bonds with its owners, but is often always on the move requiring good exercise (15–30 min). Westies are highly social and are the most friendly and jolly of all the Scottish breeds of terrier.*[6] It is a hardy breed, and can be stubborn leading to issues with training. A Westie may need to have its training refreshed on occasion during its lifetime. Having a typical terrier prey drive, it tends to be highly interested in toys especially chasing balls. It does retain the instincts of an earth-dog, including inquisitive and investigative traits,*[6] as well as natural instincts to both bark and dig holes.*[5] It is ranked 47th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs.*[7]

94.3 Health

The American breed club puts the lifespan of the Westie at 12 to 16 years.*[8] A club survey puts the average lifespan at 11.4 years.*[9] Veterinary clinic data from the UK shows an average of 10.5 to 15 years.*[10] The French Kennel Club database gives an average of 8 to 16 years, with a median of 13 years.*[11] The average litter size is between three and five puppies.*[2] However some litters may contain more than this, one of which was a Westie called Isobel who gave birth to a litter of eleven puppies on 10 April 2012. The breed is predisposed to conditions found in many breeds, such as abdominal hernias.*[12] Westie puppies may be affected by Craniomandibular osteopathy, a disease also known“lion jaw”, and is sometimes also referred to as “westie jaw”. The disease is an autosomal recessive condition and so a puppy can only be affected by it if both its parents are carriers of the faulty gene. The condition appears across many breeds, including several different types of terrier, as well as other unrelated breeds such as the Great Dane. It typically appears in dogs under a year old, and can cause problems for the dog to chew or swallow food. Radiographic testing can be conducted to diagnose the condition, in which the bones around the jaw thicken; additionally the blood may show increased calcium levels and enzyme levels. The condition often stops progressing by the time the dog is a year old, and in some cases can recede. It is normally treated with anti-inflammatory medications, and the feeding of soft foods. In some cases, tube feeding 94.3. HEALTH 405

A “Westie” may be necessary. However, if the animal still cannot eat and is in uncontrolled pain, then euthanasia may be the only medical option remaining.*[13] The breed is prone to skin disorders.*[2] About a quarter of Westies surveyed are affected by atopic dermatitis, a heritable chronic allergic skin condition. A higher proportion of males are affected compared to females.*[14] There is an uncommon but severe breed-specific skin condition that may affect West Highland White Terriers affecting both juveniles and adults dogs. This condition is called Hyperplastic Dermatosis. Affected dogs can suffer from red hyperpigmentation, lichenification and hair loss. In the initial stages, this condition can be misdiagnosed as allergies 406 CHAPTER 94. WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

Two Westie puppies

or less serious forms of dermatitis.*[15] An inherited genetic problem that exists in the breed is globoid cell leukodystrophy. It is not breed specific, and can appear in Cairn Terriers and other breeds including Beagles and Pomeranians. It is a neurological disease where the dog lacks an enzyme called galactosylceramidase. The symptoms are noticeable as the puppy develops, and can be identified by the age of 30 weeks. Affected dogs will have tremors, muscle weakness, and trouble walking. Symptoms will slowly increase until limb paralysis begins to occur. Due to it being a hereditary condition, it is recommended for owners to avoid breeding affected animals to eliminate it from the breed.*[16] Another genetic condition that affects the breed is "White dog shaker syndrome". As this condition is most commonly found in Westies and in Maltese, the condition was originally thought to be connected to the genes for white coats, however the same condition has since been found in other non-white breeds including the Yorkshire Terrier and the Dachshund. The condition typically develops over one to three days resulting in tremors of the head and limbs, ataxia and hypermetria. Affected males and females can be affected for different lengths of time, with symptoms in females lasting for between four to six weeks, while males can be affected the rest of its life.*[17] Other less common conditions which appear in the breed include hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is where there are elevated levels of alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid in the dog's urine, blood plasma, and spinal fluid. It can cause seizures, muscle stiffness, and ataxia, but is more commonly found in Staffordshire Bull Terriers.*[18] A degeneration of the hip-joint, known as Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome also occurs to the breed.*[19] However the chances of this condition occurring are much higher in some other breeds, such as the Australian Shepherd or the Miniature Pincher.*[20] The breed is also one of the least likely to be affected by a luxating patella, where the knee cap slips out of place.*[21]

94.4 History

Scottish white terriers were recorded as early as during the reign of James VI of Scotland, who reigned between 1567 and 1625. The king ordered that a dozen terriers be procured from Argyll to be presented to the Kingdom of France as a gift.*[3] Sandy and brindle coloured dogs were seen as hardier than those of other colours, and white dogs were seen as being weak.*[22] At various times during the breed's existence, it has been considered a white offshoot of 94.4. HISTORY 407

Three Pittenweem Terriers, photographed in 1899

both the Scottish Terrier and the Cairn Terrier breeds.*[23] There were also reports of a ship from the Spanish Armada being wrecked on the island of Skye in 1588. This ship carried white Spanish dogs, whose descendants were kept distinct from other breeds by Clan Donald, including the families of the Chiefs.*[24] Other families on Skye preserved both white and sandy coloured dogs. One such family was the Clan MacLeod, and it was reported by their descendants that at least two Chiefs kept white terriers, including “The Wicked Man”Norman MacLeod, and his grandson Norman who became Chief after his death.*[22] George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, chief of Clan Campbell, bred a breed of white Scottish terriers known as the “Roseneath Terrier”.*[25] Another breed of white Scottish terriers also appeared at this point, with Dr. Americ Edwin Flaxman from Fife developing his line of “Pittenweem Terriers”out of a female Scottish Terrier which produced white offspring.*[25] The dog seemed to produce these white puppies regardless of the sire to which it was bred, and after drowning over twenty of these offspring, he came upon the theory that it was an ancient trait of the Scottish Terrier that was trying to re-appear. He rededicated his breeding program to produce white Scottish Terriers with the aim of restoring it to the same stature as the dark coloured breed. Flaxman is credited with classes being added to dog shows for white Scottish Terriers towards the end of the 19th century.*[26] The person most closely associated with developing the modern breed of West Highland White Terrier is Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch. Malcolm owned terriers used to work game, the story told is that a reddish-brown terrier was mistaken for a fox and shot. Following this Malcolm decided to develop a white terrier breed, which became known as the “Poltalloch Terrier”. The first generation of Poltallochs had sandy coloured coats, and had already developed prick ears which is a trait seen later in the modern breed.*[25] It is unknown if the Poltalloch Terriers and Pittenweem Terriers were interbred.*[25] In 1903 Malcolm declared that he didn't want to be known as the creator of the breed and insisted that his breed of white terriers was renamed. The term “West Highland White Terrier”first appears in Otters and Otter Hunting by L.C.R. Cameron, published in 1908.*[25]*[27] The first breed club was set up in 1904; Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll, was the society's first president. A second club was subsequently set up, with the Countess of Aberdeen as chairman. Edward Malcolm succeeded the Countess as the club's second chairman. Kennel Club recognition followed in 1907, and the breed appeared at Crufts for the first time in the same year.*[25] The Westie was imported into the United States in 1907–1908, when Robert Goelet imported Ch. Kiltie and Ch. Rumpus Glenmohr. Initially it was also known at the time as the Roseneath Terrier, and the Roseneath Terrier Club was recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1908. The 408 CHAPTER 94. WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

A West Highland White Terrier, photographed in 1915

club was renamed during the following year to the West Highland White Terrier Club of America.*[23] The breed spent the period that immediately followed as being “in vogue”,*[28] becoming popular almost immediately upon its arrival in the US.*[28] Canadian Kennel Club recognition followed in 1909.*[25] Until 1924 in the UK, Westie pedigrees were allowed to have Cairn and Scottish Terriers in them. By the time of Malcolm's death in 1930, a stable type had appeared with prick ears, a white coat and a short back.*[25] In major conformation shows, the breed have been equally successful on both sides of the Atlantic. The first member of the breed to win a show championship was Ch. Morvan in 1905, owned by Colin Young. The dog was registered at the time as a Scottish Terrier, and won the title at the Scottish Kennel Club show at the age of seven months. Because the breed wasn't yet recognised independently, the championship title wasn't retained when the dog was re-registered as a West Highland White Terrier.*[25] The first win at a major show came at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1942 when Constance Winant's Ch. Wolvey Pattern of Edgerstoune won the title of Best in Show.*[29] The same title was taken by Barbara Worcester's Ch. Elfinbrook Simon in 1962.*[30] It took a further fourteen years before the breed took its first Best in Show title at Crufts, the UK's major dog show. Ch. Dianthus Buttons, owned by Kath Newstead and Dorothy Taylor, took the title for the breed in 1976.*[31] The most recent win for the breed at a major show was again at Crufts, this time in 1990 with the Best in Show title going to Derek Tattersall's Ch. Olac Moon Pilot.*[32] The popularity of the breed during the early 20th century was such that dogs were being exchanged for hundreds of guineas.*[33] As of 2010, the Westie is the third most popular breed of terrier in the UK, with 5,361 puppies registered with the Kennel Club. However, this is a decrease in numbers since 2001, when it was the most popular terrier breed, with 11,019 new dogs registered.*[34] The breed's position in the United States is more stable with it remaining in the top third of all breeds since around 1960.*[23] It was ranked 30th most popular in 2001, based on registrations with the American Kennel Club, which has varied around the 30s in the decade since, with it ranked 34th in 2010.*[35] 94.5. IN POPULAR CULTURE 409

A Westie in a modern show-cut

94.5 In popular culture

94.5.1 In public life

• Muhammed Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan, was known to own a Westie.*[36]

94.5.2 In branding

• Black & White whisky have used both Scottish Terriers and Westies in their advertisements,*[37] and the breed is used as the mascot of dog food Cesar.*[38]

• The Australian dog food manufacturer Mars Incorporated uses the West Highland White Terrier breed as the 'face' of their 'My Dog' brand. The Westie can be seen on 'My Dog' packaging, website*[39] and television*[40] and print commercials.

94.5.3 In film

• The film The Adventures of Greyfriars Bobby, released in the UK in February 2006, cast a West Highland White Terrier as Bobby. The appearance of a Westie caused protests from the Skye Terrier breed club, who complained about the filmmaker's use of an incorrect dog breed for the part.*[41] 410 CHAPTER 94. WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

West Highland White Terrier in the garden

94.5.4 In television

• The titular character in the BBC Scotland produced television series Hamish Macbeth owned a Westie named “Wee Jock”.*[42] • On Brazilian television animated series "As Aventuras de Gui & Estopa" (The Adventures of Gui & Estopa), the main character Gui, is the Terrier breed.*[43]

94.6 References

Specific

[1] Palika, Liz (2007). The Howell Book of Dogs. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-470-00921-5.

[2] Kern, Kerry V (1988). The New Terrier Handbook. New York, NY: Barron's. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-8120-3951-1.

[3] Bruette (1921): p. 191

[4] “West Highland White Terrier Breed Profile”. Your Dog. Retrieved 30 October 2014.

[5] “Is a Westie right for you?". San Francisco Bay West Highland White Terrier Club. Retrieved 2 October 2011. 94.6. REFERENCES 411

[6] Rice (2002): p. 6

[7] Coren, Stanley (2006). The Intelligence of Dogs. London, UK: Pocket Books. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-4165-0287-6.

[8] “Westie FAQs”. West Highland White Terrier Club of America. Retrieved 2 October 2011.

[9] “West Highland White Terrier Health Survey Final Report” (PDF). 20 February 2007. West Highland White Terrier Club of America. Retrieved 4 December 2013.

[10] oʼNeill, D. G.; Church, D. B.; McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Brodbelt, D. C. (2013). “Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England”. The Veterinary Journal. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020.

[11] Leroy, G. G.; Phocas, F.; Hedan, B.; Verrier, E.; Rognon, X. (2015). “Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds”. The Veterinary Journal 203: 74. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008. mean=11.89 ± 3.92 me- dian=12.93

[12] Ackerman (2011): p. 115

[13] Ackerman (2011): pp. 116–117

[14] Grayson, J. Kevin. “2007 West Highland White Terrier Health Survey Final Report” (PDF). Westie Foundation of America and the Health Committee of the WHWTCA. Retrieved 6 March 2012.

[15] Gross, Thelma Lee (2005). Skin diseases of the dog and cat. Ames, IO: Blackwell Science. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0- 632-06452-6.

[16] Ackerman (2011): p. 105

[17] Ackerman (2011): p. 155

[18] Ackerman (2011): p. 108

[19] Ackerman (2011): p. 125

[20] Ackerman (2011): p. 126

[21] Ackerman (2011): p. 134

[22] Smith (1921): p. 84

[23] Rice (2002): p. 5

[24] Dalziel, Hugh (1879). British dogs; their varieties, history, characteristics, breeding, management and exhibition. London, UK: The Bazaar Office. p. 350.

[25] Horter, Ria (April 2009).“Col. Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch, and the West Highland White Terrier” (PDF). Dogs in Canada. Retrieved 30 September 2011.

[26] Lane, Charles Henry (1902). Dog shows and doggy people. London, UK: Hutchinson. pp. 100–102.

[27] Cameron, Ludovick Charles Richard Duncombe-Jewell (1908). Otters and otter-hunting. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 43.

[28] Hochwell, A. F. (1925). Dogs as home companions; a book for all dog lovers. Cincinnati, OH: Sportsman's Digest. pp. 26–29.

[29] “She Asked For It”. Time. 23 February 1942. Retrieved 27 September 2011.

[30] “Fads: The Poodle Dethroned”. Time. 23 February 1962. Retrieved 27 September 2011.

[31] Dogworld: Digital Crufts Edition (2010): p. 84

[32] Dogworld: Digital Crufts Edition (2010): p. 88

[33] Smith (1921): p. 85

[34] “Comparative Tables of Registrations for the Years 2001 – 2010 Inclusive” (PDF). The Kennel Club. Retrieved 26 September 2011.

[35] “AKC Dog Registration Statistics”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 26 September 2011.

[36] Wolpert, Stanley Jinnah of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, 1984, ISBN 0-614-21694-X 412 CHAPTER 94. WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

[37] Barrows, Sydney Biddle; Kennedy, Dan S (2009). Uncensored sales strategies. Irvine, CA: Entrepreneur Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-59918-193-6.

[38] “Cesar Official Website”. Cesar.ca. Retrieved 1 October 2011.

[39] Premium Dog Food | MY DOG®

[40] MyDog Dog Food 2010 Ad - YouTube

[41] Cramb, Auslan (7 November 2002).“Casting row dogs the remake of Greyfriar's Bobby”. The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). Retrieved 30 September 2011.

[42] Bignell, Jonathan (2005). Popular television drama: critical perspectives. Manchester, UK; New York, NY: Manchester University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-7190-6933-8.

[43] “Mande a foto do seu “Iguinho”" (in Portuguese). iG São Paulo - Redação. 21 August 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2015.

General

• Smith, Arthur Croxton (1910). The Power of the Dog. London, UK: Hodder and Stoughton.

• Bruette, William A (1921). The Complete Dog Book. Cincinnati, OH: Stewart Kidd Co. • Rice, Dan (2002). West Highland White Terriers. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's. ISBN 978-0-7641-1899-9.

• “Digital Crufts Edition”. Dogworld. 2010. Archived from the original on 5 Oct 2011. • Ackerman, Lowell J (2011). Genetic Connection: A Guide to Health Problems in Purebred Dogs (2nd ed.). Lakewood, CO: American Animal Hospital Association Press. ISBN 978-1-58326-157-6.

94.7 External links

• West Highland White Terrier at DMOZ Chapter 95

West Siberian Laika

The West Siberian Laika or WSL, is a breed of hunting dog. Russian publications indicate that the term West Siberian Laika loosely applied to hunting dogs originating with the Mansi and Khanty people in Ural and West Siberia, but there were no standards or registrations of WSL as such until 1930. Then WWll disrupted it for a while, but systematic breeding with registrations resumed after the war ended, in 1946. This was the time the breed began taking modern shape. Before that hunters only knew of Mansi Laika and Khanty Laika. In early 1960 many hunters in Ural still preferred the term Mansi Laika, when speaking of West Siberian Laika.*[1] In Russian language, the term Laika originated from the word layat that means to bark. The word Laika simply means barker. Any hunting Laika is a bark pointer (pointing at animal of interest by barking and staying with the animal*[2] ). It is a versatile dog depending on use and environment, but in certain parts of the country they have become more specialized.*[3]

• Photos of Khanty and Mansi people. • Their livelyhood.

95.1 Origins

Laikas, occurring on Russian territory, belong to northern primitive breeds retaining traits of their wild ancestor, the wolf, in the appearance and behavior. They are dogs with pointed muzzle, slightly rangy or nearly square body and often gray or gray mixed with red like in the wolf coat color predominate. They are small to medium size pariah- type dogs that originally accompanied humans since prehistory worldwide, until they became replaced with lop-eared, specialized for certain style of hunting, cultured breeds. In large sparser populated parts of Russia, this process came at a later time and aboriginal Laika types still remain with hunters in remote northern and northeastern provinces of the country.*[4]

95.2 History

Deforestation of land for agriculture and industrialization in later 19th-early 20th Centuries accelerated replacement of Laikas with other popular at the time dogs. Russian experts of the late 19th century distinguished dozens of varieties of aboriginal Laikas, each associated with a particular ethnic group of indigenous people of northeastern Europe and Siberia, but none of them had been considered as purebred and pedigreed.*[5] Russians tried to save some hunting Laikas from extinction by bringing them from different provincial parts of Russia in cities of European part of the country and breeding them pure. Starting from thirtieth and especially after WW II, they established four breeds as purebreds: the Karelo-Finnish Laika, the Russ-European Laika, the West Siberian Laika and the East Siberian Laika. They all are bark-pointing dogs and their hunting behavior is generally similar. All of them are descendants of aboriginal types of Laikas selectively sampled from large territories and lumped into the four breeds for breeding in kennels.*[6] Among all of them, the West Siberian Laika became most popular and by present time it is most numerous Laika far beyond its original range in Russia.*[7]

• Photo of E. I. Shershevsky's“foundation stock”of West Siberian Laikas gathered from Ural and West Siberia for pedigree work in experimental kennel of industrial hunting dogs of All Union Institute of Hunting Industry,

413 414 CHAPTER 95. WEST SIBERIAN LAIKA

1954

95.3 Appearance

The West Siberian Laika is a medium to large size dog. Males are 22-24 inches and females are 20-23 inches at the shoulder.*[8]

• The coat of the West Siberian Laika is a double coat of harsh straight guard hairs and thick and soft undercoat. The guard hairs on the neck, around the head and shoulders are particularly long and stiff. Together with a very thick undercoat they form a ruff framing the dog's face. On the tail, the guard hair and undercoat are also longer and thicker than on the rest of the body. In wintertime, the dogs living in countries with a cold climate, hair is growing between the toes. Although the coat quality varies individually, dogs raised in countries with cold climates have longer and thicker coat than dogs that live in warm and hot climate or dogs that are kept inside most of the time. • Most common coat colors are wolf gray, pale red and white. The gray coat can be of various shades from almost white to very dark gray, nearly black. The gray can be mixed with red producing array of brownish and red shades. Sable coats, combining black and white or black and brown or red also occur, but they are banned in the recent breed standard. Dogs with either coat color described above may have white patches in different proportions. Pale red and white dogs may have brown noses and lips. Dogs with either coat color have so-called “zonary”pattern of distribution of pigment in each guard hair. This means guard hair has alternating bands (zones) of white with black, brown or red color. Hairs with evenly distributed pigment indicate an admixture of other than Laika breed. • The head is wedge-shaped in the form of a triangle, flat on the top and broader between ears. In the Mansi Laika, the head is more elongate with muzzle as long as the skull from eye to occiput or slightly longer. In the Khanty Laika, the head is broader and the muzzle is as long as the skull or slightly shorter. Lips are always close and lean. A full set of large teeth with a scissors bite is typical, but dogs with vice bite also occur. The standard accepts scissors bite only. In many dogs with a scissors bite at young age the bite is changing with age and becomes a vice bite by age of 5–6 years. • Eyes are almond-shaped, medium size, deep set and distinctly slanted. Their colors are brown to dark brown. Dogs with amber yellow and/or blue eyes rarely occur, but hunters believe that dogs with brown and dark brown eyes are better hunting dogs. According to the standard, any eye color, except brown and light brown is a fault. • Ears are always pricked and directed straight up, but their size, pointed or slightly rounded tips of ears are variable. Generally, ears of the Khanty Laika are small to medium. In the Mansi Laika, ears are medium to long. Ears can be set high and close to each other or slightly apart. • The tail is carried high curving over the back. Details of its structure and carriage are variable among aboriginal dogs. In majority of dogs, the tip of the tail lies on the back, but some dogs have the tip of the tail rigidly curved like a fishhook. Among aboriginal dogs, there are individuals with a sickle-shaped tail, but it is considered faulty by the modern breed standard. • The body is slightly longer than the height or nearly square and with well-muscled forequarters and hindquarters. Legs are straight and parallel. Front feet are directed forward or slightly east-west and hind legs are straight and in many dogs slightly cow-hocked. The breed standard rejects square body proportions, cow hocks and east-west position of front feet. The angulation at stifles is normally developed and look like in wild canids. Feet are strong, compact and elongate. Toes are strong, flexible and well arched.*[9]*[10]*[11]

95.4 Reproduction

The majority of females of the West Siberian Laika have one estrus per year, usually in February and March. Some females have their first estrus not fixed by a certain season. The first estrus can be at age of one to two and a half years. Russian experts do not recommend breeding Laikas until they are at least two years old. The number of puppies per litter varies from one to nine, but litters of three to seven puppies are most frequent. Females of the West Siberian Laika are good mothers and, if conditions permit, dig their own whelping dens, give birth to puppies and raise them without any assistance as soon as the food is available. 95.5. CHARACTER AND BEHAVIOR 415

95.5 Character and Behavior

The West Siberian Laika is a very affectionate and devoted to the master dog. The majority of them bark at strangers approaching the house. Their attitude to unfamiliar people varies individually and depending on the situation. Some dogs first bark and then wag their tails, greeting the guest and allow themselves to be petted. Many West Siberian Laikas are aloof with a strange person, avoid hands and watch him suspiciously. Some dogs become protective of the master, his family and their property. Many West Siberian Laikas accept a new owner with difficulty and need time to adjust to a new place. According to standard, aggressiveness to unfamiliar people is not typical. West Siberian Laika is highly territorial and aggressive to other intruding dogs of the same sex. Adult Laikas, especially males, should only hunt with dogs raised in the same household. West Siberian Laika can easily learn to leave alone farm animals and naturally capable to tell apart wild game from domesticated animals. Cats of the same household are accepted, but stray cats will be treed like game.

95.6 Utilitarian qualities

Laika hunting raccoon.

The West Siberian Laika is primarily a hunting dog. Anyone who decides on a puppy of this breed should expect a full package of traits of a typical hunting Spitz. It is an emotional dog, very observant to the habits of its master, his mood and often can foresee his intentions. It does not hesitate to express its strong feelings by barking and other noises. The West Siberian Laika is a poor kennel dog. If the dog is left alone, locked up in a small backyard or in a pen, some dogs develop a habit of barking, seemingly without a purpose. Permanently penned or fenced West Siberian Laikas attempt to dig under the fence or climb over it. Some dogs not trained to stay penned, try to bite the wires and thereby they damage their teeth. Once freed or turned loose, such a dog will be hard to control. It will run too far, chase other animals and likely get into trouble. West Siberian Laikas that are kept well exercised, busy with hunting and contacts with other dogs, animals and people, are content, obedient and never bark without a reason. Therefore, to make a happy dog and its owner, the right conditions of the environment for hunting plus time dedicated to the dog must be met. All West Siberian Laikas are naturally protective against wild animals, especially predators, and some dogs are pro- tective against strangers acting suspicious or violent. A West Siberian Laika will make a good companion dog for a hiking trip. However, its extraordinary interest in wildlife demands special attention because the dog may tree some animals and stay far behind for some time. The West Siberian Laika is a great psycho-therapy dog for able bodied active people, who are not lazy to walk a lot and hunt. He needs regular free exercising between hunting seasons. Take him for walking trips in safe places often and stay healthy. If you have bears in the woods near you, this dog would be the best to warn you or your loved ones in time about the bear's presence and may even show you a treed bear. When a Laika sees a bear, he runs toward the bear, not from it, and he will be barking. When a Laika barks at bear, his voice sounds as if he were barking at a human-very unlike when he is barking at a squirrel. Treeing squirrels and other small game comes naturally. Just take your puppy in woods and turn him loose. He will start finding his own squirrels by age of 4 to 10 months. Mansi, Khanty, Russians 416 CHAPTER 95. WEST SIBERIAN LAIKA

A 4 month old WSL female pup, it is at this stage that their unique natural hunting instincts become evident. and any other ethnic groups of people living in Russia use the same dogs for hunting and as alarm dogs. Some West Siberian Laikas work well herding reindeer herds. During any activity or training, hunting overrules everything else. A Mansi never minds if his Laika abandons his reindeer herd for a while, especially if his Laika finds valuable game. Mansi and Khanty use reindeer and, in some cases, horses as a draft animal, but good hunting dogs are never used to pull sleds. It would be like using a valuable dagger to chop firewood. If a sled dog is needed, they use another kind sturdy built and larger dog called in Russian “Yezdovaya Laika”or sled Laika. This is practiced mainly in polar tundra where reindeer have nothing to eat.

95.7 References

Sources in Russian Language:

• Dmitrieva-Sulima, M., “Laika and Hunting With It”, Sanct-Peterburg, 1911. Republished by Aquarium, Moscow, 2003.

• Ioannesyan, A. P.,“Materials on Breeding of Hunting Dogs,”“West Siberian Laika”, pages 29–32, Moscow, 1990.

• Vakhrushev, I. I. and M. G. Volkov, “Hunting Laikas”, Zagotizdat, Moscow, 1945.

• Voilochnikov, A. T. and Voilochnikova, S.D. “Laikas and Hunting With Them”, Lesnaya Promyshlennost, Moscow, 1972.

• Voilochnikov, A. T. and Voilochnikova, S.D. “Which Breed of Laikas is the Best?", “Hunting and Hunting Industry”, issue 10, page 30 −31, 1972.

• Voilochnikov, A. T. and Voilochnikova, S.D. “Hunting Laikas”, Lesnaya Promyshlennost, Moscow, 1982. 95.8. CITATIONS 417

Sources in English Language:

• Cherkassov, A. A., 1884,“Notes of an East Siberian Hunter”, A. S. Suvorin, Sanct Peterburg. Translated in English by Vladimir Beregovoy and Stephen Bodio and published by AuthorHouse, Bloomington, IN, 2012. • Beregovoy, Vladimir, “Hunting Laika Breeds of Russia”, Crystal Dream Publishing, USA, 2001.

Sources in German Language:

• Jagdlaikarassen Russlands, 2013, Verlag Laika-Klub, Germany, ISBN 1-59146-037-9, Translated into German by Tina and Edda Thalis, Christine and Dieter Klingelhoeller.

95.8 Citations

[1] Quoted by Vladimir Beregovoy - Author, Translator, WSL Advisor and Curator of Primitive Aboriginal Dog Society International.

[2] Quoted by Vladimir Beregovoy.

[3] Beregovoy, Vladimir (2001). Hunting Laika Breeds of Russia. USA: Crystal Dreams Publishing. pp. vi–vii. ISBN 1- 59146-037-9.

[4] Beregovoy, Vladimir (2001). Hunting Laika Breeds of Russia. p. v.

[5] Dmitrieva-Sulima, M. (1911). Laika and Hunting with It. Moscow, Russia: Repulished in 2003 by Aquarium.

[6] Voilochnikov, A. T. and S. D. Voilochnikova (1982). Hunting Laikas. Moscow, Russia: Lesnaya Promyshlennost.

[7] Beregovoy, Vladimir (2001). Hunting Laika Breeds of Russia,.

[8] Ioannesyan, A. P. (1990). Materials on Breeding of Hunting Dogs, West Siberian Laika. Moscow. pp. 29–32.

[9] Beregovoy, Vladimir (2001). Hunting Laika Breeds of Russia.

[10] Ioannesyan, A. P. (1990). Materials on Breeding of Hunting Dogs, West Siberian Laika. Moscow. pp. 29–32.

[11] Voilochnikov, A. T. and S. D. Voilochnikova (1982). Hunting Laikas. Russia. Chapter 96

Westphalian Dachsbracke

The Westphalian Dachsbracke (FCI No. 100) is a small, short legged scenthound, a breed of dog originating in Westphalia, a region of Germany. The Westphalian Dachsbracke was used in Sweden to develop the Drever.

96.1 Appearance

The Westphalian Dachsbracke (Westfälische Dachsbracke) is a smaller, short legged version of the Deutsche Bracke, and very similar in size and appearance to the Drever (FCI No. 130), but 2 cm shorter (the Drever was first registered in Sweden in 1910 as the Westfälische Dachsbracke; the name was changed in 1947.)*[1] The Westphalian Dachsbracke stands about 30 to 38 cm (12 to 15 ins) high at the withers. It has medium long drop ears, short legs, and a long tail which is set high and carried up. The coat has short fur, usually tricolor (red to yellow with a black saddle), with white markings called Bracken marks - a white muzzle, chest, legs, collar, and tip of the tail, and a blaze on the head. The chest is more narrow than the Dachshund's chest, and the legs are longer.*[2]

96.2 History

Dogs of similar type are seen in very old European paintings, though the Westphalian Dachsbracke was first described as a variety of German Hound in 1886. It was recognized by the Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (German Kennel Club) in 1935 with its current name, and by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as breed number 100 in Group 6 (Scenthounds), Section 1.3 (Small hounds).*[3] The Westphalian Dachsbracke is the ancestor breed of the Swedish scenthound, the Drever. Of the major kennel clubs in the English-speaking world, only the United Kennel Club in the US recognises the Westphalian Dachsbracke, in its Scenthound Group. The Westphalian Dachsbracke also may be recognised by any of the many minor registries, rare breed groups, hunting clubs, and internet dog registry businesses under its original name or variations on the name. Hunting use of the Westphalian Dachsbracke has been mostly supplanted by the Drever, and the Westphalian Dachsbracke is seldom seen even in its home country; purchasers of dogs represented as Westphalian Dachsbracke should research the dog's background, especially if it is registered with one of the minor clubs that require little to no documentation before accepting a dog or litter for registration.

96.3 Names and etymology

Dachs is German for badger, a term used for hunting dogs with short legs. The name Dachsbrache may reflect that the Dachsbrache dogs were bred down in size by crossbreeding long-legged Bracken with the Dachshund.*[4] Historically, the term Bracke was used in German to mean the scenthounds. Brack is an old Low German word for a coastal marsh periodically inundated by storm surges with salt water (related to the English word brackish).*[5] In Europe, scenthounds are usually separated into running hounds (free running packs, which either drive the game back to the hunter, or the hunter follows as they run, or the hunter waits until the dogs' cries communicate that game has been found and held, and then goes to that spot) or leash hounds (which follow the game or track wounded or dead

418 96.4. SEE ALSO 419 game while being held on a leash by the hunter.) The Bracke are usually used as running hounds, in packs, to hunt rabbits or foxes in a type of hunt called Brackade. The Dachsbrache are used for hunting today mainly in Scandinavia and in alpine regions. The Deutsche Bracke (German Bracke, also called the German Hound, Fédération Cynologique Internationale breed number 299) is another breed of Bracke, the first one registered as a separate breed, in 1900. The Alpenländische Dachsbracke (Alpine Dachsbracke, breed number 254) is from Tyrol, in Austria. The Drever, breed number 130, is also called the Swedish Dachsbracke.

96.4 See also

• Hunting dog

• Hound • Scent hound

96.5 References

[1] Clark, Anne Rogers; Andrew H. Brace (1995). The International Encyclopedia of Dogs. Howell Book House. p. 209. ISBN 0-87605-624-9.

[2] Breed Standard

[3] Fédération Cynologique Internationale Group 6

[4] History, Deutscher Bracken Club (in German)

[5] Schwarze Brack (in German) Chapter 97

Wetterhoun

The Wetterhoun (FCI No.221, translated into English as the Frisian Water Dog) is a breed of dog traditionally used as a hunting dog for hunting small mammals and waterfowl in the province of Fryslan in the Netherlands. The name of the dog comes from the West Frisian Wetterhûn meaning "water dog.”Plural of Wetterhoun is Wetterhounen in Dutch. The breed may also be called the Otterhoun (not to be confused with the Otterhound) or Dutch Spaniel, although it is not a Spaniel-type dog.

97.1 Appearance

The Wetterhoun is a medium-sized dog between 55 and 59 centimeters (21.6-23 inches) at the withers. They weigh between 25 and 35 kilo, 55 and 77 pounds]). Their coat is thick and curly except for the head, ears and legs, where the coat is smoother; the water repellant coat is described as having a greasy feel. Coat colour may be solid black or brown, or black with white, or brown with white, with or without white ticking or roan marks. The texture of the coat should not be woolly, as such fur will not resist water. The ears are low set and hang flat to the head, and the tail curls tightly over the back. The breed has an unusual, somewhat grim expression due to the shape of the eyes,*[1] which marks it as different from other dog breeds.*[2]*[3]

97.2 History

The ancestral type of the Wetterhoun was developed at least 400 years ago in the Dutch province of Fryslan. The origins of the Wetterhoun are conjectured to be from Gypsy dogs, crossed with an indigenous Frisian dog, perhaps the Old Water Dog, a type which is now extinct.*[4] Dogs of this type were kept for the difficult and dangerous hunting of fitch (Mustela putorius) and otter (Lutra lutra) in the water.*[2] The dogs were also used for retrieving waterfowl and as watch dogs. Although the dogs almost disappeared during World War II, fanciers were able to bring the breed back through careful breeding, and it is gaining in popularity.*[2] Databases are maintained by the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Stabij- en Wetterhounen*[5] (Club for the Stabij and Wetterhoun) and De Wetterhoun Vereniging Nederland*[6] for understanding pedigrees and computing inbreeding coefficients. Internationally the breed is recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in the Water Dogs section of Group 8. The United Kennel Club recognises the breed in its Gundog Group. The breed is also recognized by a number of minor registries, hunting clubs, and internet-based dog registry businesses and promoted as a rare breed for those seeking an unusual pet.

97.3 Temperament

This breed is an excellent gun dog, effective as both a land and water retriever, however its strong will and natural guarding abilities make early training a requirement.*[7] The breed standard describes the breed's temperament as reserved and “an ideal guard-dog”.*[1] though never aggressive, which makes it an excellent family-dog.

420 97.4. REFERENCES 421

A Wetterhound puppy

Although described as " strong willed”the Wetterhoun is never stubborn or wilfully disobedient. Perseverance is a much better term, because they finish what they started, whatever it takes. Imperturbable they finish what they think to be their task. Thereby the breed is sensitive and should never be treated or trained harshly. Brought-up and used to children, they are tolerant to children to the point where the dog should be protected against the children instead the other way around

97.4 References

[1] Fédération Cynologique Internationale [2] History in brief (in Dutch) [3] History in English [4] Grandjean, Dominique, DVM. The Royal Canin Dog Encyclopedia. Paris, France: Aniwa Publishing, 2000. ISBN 2-7476- 0010-6 [5] Nederlandse Vereniging voor Stabij- en Wetterhounen (in Dutch) [6] The Frisian Water Dog Association Netherlands [7] Fogle, Bruce. The New Encyclopedia of the Dog. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7894-6130-8

97.5 External links

• Search The Open Directory Project (DMOZ) links for clubs and information about the Wetterhoun Chapter 98

Whippet

For other uses, see Whippet (disambiguation).

The Whippet (also English Whippet or Snap dog) is a breed of medium-sized dog. They are a sighthound breed that originated in England, where they descended from greyhounds. Whippets today still strongly resemble a smaller greyhound. Shown in the Hound group, Whippets have relatively few health problems other than arrhythmia. Whip- pets also participate in dog sports such as lure coursing, agility, and flyball. Whippets were originally greyhounds that were deemed unsuitable for hunting because of their size. They were returned to their peasant breeders after being maimed so that they could not be used to hunt and break the Forest law. These maimed dogs were bred together and used to catch rats, and hunt rabbits. When the Forest law was repealed, these“miniature greyhounds”became popular in the sport of dog racing. This has led to Whippets being described as “the poor man's racehorse.”*[3] They are still frequently used as racing dogs today, as they have the highest running speed of breeds their weight: 35 miles per hour (56 km/h) and even challenge greyhounds for top speed. Whippets are however the fastest accelerating dog in the world.*[4]

98.1 History

Whippets were bred to hunt by sight, coursing game in open areas at high speeds. One can find numerous repre- sentations of small greyhound-like hounds in art dating back to Ancient Egyptian times.*[5] Pharaohs bred a small sighthound dog related to the greyhound to keep in their palaces, and this dog may be the ancestor of today's Whip- pets.*[6] In medieval England, a small greyhound breed became popular for use as a ratting dog.*[6] The first written English use of the word whippet with regard to a type of dog was in 1610.*[7] However, the first dog to be called a Whippet was actually a greyhound-spaniel cross and has little to do with the modern Whippet.*[6] The original Whippets were thought to be English Greyhounds that were too small for stag hunting in the forests of England. These dogs were frequently returned to their breeders, who were usually peasants and as such could not own hunting dogs under the Forest law. Because of this, dogs returned to them were maimed, usually by cutting a tendon in a leg or removing the toes on one paw. The breeders kept these dogs and continued to breed them, producing a smaller version of a greyhound that was suited for rat catching and hunting hares and rabbits. When the Forest Law was repealed, the “small greyhounds”became immensely popular.*[6]*[8] Whippets were then commonly known as “snap dogs”for their tendency to “snap up”nearby prey.*[6] There is a picture by Jean-Baptiste Oudry (1686–1755) titled Misse and Turlu, Two Greyhounds Belonging to Louis XV of two English Whippets presented to Louis XV. The dogs are either Whippets or small greyhounds, but are probably related to an early form of the Whippet.*[8] Oudry also painted a second painting of Misse with a different, non-sighthound dog. There is also a painting by Pompeo Batoni entitled Portrait of Charles Compton, 7th Earl of Northampton which features a similar Whippet-like dog.*[8] In the nineteenth century, Whippet racing was a major sport in England.*[3]*[8] The Whippet was held in high regard in the northern parts of England and Wales, but was generally disregarded in the rest of the country.*[8] At the time, there were two varieties of Whippet. The first type had a smooth coat, was more popular in Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the Midlands, and became the modern Whippet.*[8] The other had a rough coat from crossbreeding with Bedlington Terriers, was more popular in Durham and Northumberland and was frequently referred to as a “rabbit dog”.*[8]

422 98.1. HISTORY 423

Misse and Turlu, Two Greyhounds Belonging to Louis XV, by Jean-Baptiste Oudry

Early specimens were taken from the race track by the dog fanciers of the time and exported around the world. John Taylor said that “In all the shapes and forms of dogges; of all which there are but two sorts that are useful to man's profits, which two are the mastiffe and the little curre, whippet, or house-dogge; all the rest are for pleasure and recreation.”*[9] The age of the modern Whippet dawned in 1891 when The Kennel Club granted the breed official recognition, thus making the Whippet eligible for competition in dog shows, and commencing the recording of their pedigrees.*[10] In the United States, the Whippet was recognised in 1888 by the American Kennel Club.*[10] Whippets arrived in the United States with mill operators from England, and the first populations were established in Massachusetts.*[11] In 1964, Ch. Courtenay Fleetfoot of Pennyworth won best in show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show.*[12] In 1992, Pencloe Dutch Gold won best in show at Crufts,*[13] and a Whippet known as Cobyco Call the Tune won in 2004.*[14] In 2011, GCh. Starline's Chanel, a female Whippet, was chosen as the hound Show Dog of the Year by the Westminster Kennel Club.*[15]

98.1.1 Racing

Racing was originally an extension of hare coursing.*[16] Whippets began to be bred to race in the mid-nineteenth century.*[3]*[8] The first form of the sport was a rudimentary form of coursing known as 'ragging', and dogs who participated were said to be 'trained to the rag'.*[8] Dogs were kept on a leash by a person known as a slip, who was frequently also the race judge.*[8] The slip would release the dogs from their collars at the same time, and they would race towards their owners, who were standing at the opposite end of the track waving towels.*[8]*[16] Whippet rags were a popular Sunday event in the north and Midlands at the time.*[8] There were also international events; in Australia, at a track known as Gurney's Paddock, there were races of more than 300 whippets every Saturday, and three nights a week at the White City track.*[16]Eventually, the sport evolved and dogs were divided into four groups: those who hunted rabbits, which was not governed by rules; those who coursed hare, for which a set of rules was established; those trained to the rag; and those trained to chase a mechanical lure in a fashion similar to greyhound races.*[8] Few of the Whippets of any of the four types were purebred, as maintaining a purebred 424 CHAPTER 98. WHIPPET

bloodline was not considered as important as breeding dogs that could win races.*[8] Many racing dogs were part terrier, part Greyhound, or part Lurcher.*[8] In 1967, the British Whippet Racing Association was established to bring around reform and consistency in race rules and procedures for races involving non-purebred Whippets.*[8] A year later, viewing the non-purebred dogs as a threat, the Whippet Club Racing Association was established exclusively for purebred animals.*[8]

98.2 Description

98.2.1 Appearance

Full extension

Full contraction The two suspensions of the double suspension gallop, as demonstrated by two racing Greyhounds.

Whippets are a medium-sized dog weighing from 15 to 42 pounds (6.8 to 19.1 kg).*[17] There are two height ranges for Whippets, depending on if the dog is being shown in North America or outside of North America. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale and The Kennel Club both call for heights of 18.5 to 20 inches (47 to 51 cm) for males and 17.5 to 18.5 inches (44 to 47 cm) for females.*[17]*[18] Whippets tend to be somewhat larger in the United States and Canada as the American Kennel Club and Canadian Kennel Club standards are larger; 18.5 to 22.5 inches (47 to 57 cm) for males, and 17.5 to 21.5 inches (44 to 55 cm) for females.*[11]*[19] Because colour is considered immaterial in judging Whippets, they come in a wide variety of colours and marking patterns, everything from solid black to solid white, with red, fawn, brindle, blue, or cream.*[17] The coat is short, smooth and close. They are the fastest dog of their weight, capable of achieving speeds of 35 miles per hour (56 km/h).*[11] This is due to their unique way of running, which is referred to as a double suspension gallop.*[20] This gait results in four of the dog's legs being off the ground twice in each stride, once when the legs are completely extended and again when they are tucked under the body.*[20]

98.2.2 Temperament

Whippets are quiet, intelligent, and not prone to barking, but require regular exercise.*[11] They are generally gentle dogs, and may be content to spend much of the day resting.*[11] The AKC describes them as “quiet and dignified in their owner's living room”*[11] and says they make “excellent house dogs.”*[11] Whippets have been called a “poor man's racehorse”*[3] by the colliers in Lancashire and Yorkshire.*[21] Despite being bred for racing, Whippets are couch potatoes.*[22] When not running around, they are usually asleep.*[22] They are not prone to fighting, but have been known to chase small pets.*[22] They also have a tendency to get up on furniture.*[22] Whippets are touch sensitive, meaning that they tend to jump or overreact when touched unexpect- edly.*[22] 98.3. HEALTH 425

98.3 Health

Whippets course, work, and race; they have been bred for these jobs for years. This has kept them a structurally sound breed which is predominantly free from the physical exaggerations that can lead to certain health problems.*[23] Whippets are, like other sighthounds, intolerant of barbiturate anaesthetics. This is in part due to their low concen- tration of body fat and their liver's inability to metabolise the anaesthetics.*[24] Given proper nutrition, exercise, and veterinary care, most Whippets live for 12 to 15 years.*[25] A UK breed survey puts the median lifespan at 12 years 10 months.*[26] They are generally healthy, and are not prone to the frequent ear infections, skin allergies, or digestive problems that can afflict other breeds. Genetic eye defects, though quite rare, have been noted in the breed. Because of this, the American Whippet Club recommends that breeders test for this defect in their breeding stock. Hip dysplasia is rare in Whippets, with only 1.2% of 161 evaluations performed by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals being determined as dysplasic.*[27] The heart of a Whippet is large and slow beating, often being arrhythmic or even intermittent when the animal is at rest. This sometimes causes concern to the owner, or to the vet not experienced with the breed. Whippets will, however, demonstrate a regular heartbeat during exercise. In a health survey conducted by The Kennel Club cardiac problems were shown to be the second leading cause of mortality in Whippets.*[28] A 2007 study*[29] identified a myostatin mutation particular to Whippets that is significantly associated with their athletic performance. Whippets with a single copy of this mutation are generally very fast; those with two copies have disproportionately large musculature and are known as "bully whippets".*[30] These bully whippets experience no significant health problems beyond those experienced by a normal whippet, but may be more prone to muscle cramping.*[31] The mutation has not been seen in Greyhounds or other sighthound breeds, or in heavily muscled dogs such as Bullmastiffs, Bulldogs, Rottweilers or American Staffordshire Terriers.*[31]

98.4 References

[1] Borge, K. S.; Tønnessen, R.; Nødtvedt, A.; Indrebø, A. (2011). “Litter size at birth in purebred dogs̶A retrospective study of 224 breeds”. Theriogenology 75 (5): 911–919. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.034. PMID 21196028.

[2] Cassidy, Kelly (2007). “Breed Longevity Data”. Dog Longevity. Retrieved January 27, 2013.

[3] Coile, Caroline (1998). Whippets: A complete pet owner's manual. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's. p. 8. ISBN 0-7641-0312-1. OCLC 38016572. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

[4] D. Caroline Coile (1998).“Whippets: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Behavior, Training, and Exercising”. p. 51. Barron's Educational Series

[5] Coile, Caroline (1998). Whippets: A complete pet owner's manual. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's. p. 6. ISBN 0-7641-0312-1. OCLC 38016572. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

[6] Coile, Caroline (1998). Whippets: A complete pet owner's manual. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's. p. 7. ISBN 0-7641-0312-1. OCLC 38016572. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

[7] “Whippet”. Merriam-Webster. August 13, 2010. Retrieved December 29, 2011.

[8] Walsh, E.G.; Lowe, Mary (2004). The English Whippet. Coch-Y-Bonddu Books. ISBN 1-904784-03-8. OCLC 650188132. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

[9] “The Whippet: Something About the Animal and in Racing Abilities”. The Montreal Gazette (Montreal, Quebec, Canada). The Montreal Gazette. October 25, 1904. p. 12. Retrieved January 25, 2013.

[10] Coile, Caroline (1998). Whippets: A complete pet owner's manual. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's. p. 9. ISBN 0-7641-0312-1. OCLC 38016572. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

[11] “American Kennel Club - Get To Know The Whippet”. AKC: Meet The Breeds. American Kennel Club. Retrieved December 16, 2012.

[12] Fletcher. Walter R. (11 February 1996). “All Those Dogs, All Those Tales”. The New York Times (The New York Times). The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2013.

[13] Coile, D. Caroline; Earl-Bridges, Michele (26 May 2000). Whippets: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Behavior, Training, and Exercising. Complete Pet Owner's Manual. Barron's Educational Series. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7641-0312-4. Retrieved February 6, 2013. 426 CHAPTER 98. WHIPPET

[14] “Crufts 2004 Results”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved February 6, 2013.

[15]“Dogs of Esteem”. Dog World (BowTie Inc) 97 (6): 20. June 2012.

[16] Rule, Andrew (14 November 1980). “The wiry whippet”. Weekender (Melbourne). The Age. Retrieved January 25, 2013.

[17] “Fédération Cynologique Internationale - Whippet” (DOC). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

[18] “The Kennel Club - Whippets” (DOC). The Kennel Club. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

[19] “Canadian Kennel Club - Whippet” (PDF). Canadian Kennel Club. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

[20] Dogs 101: Whippet. Animal Planet. Retrieved February 2, 2013.

[21] Whippets. The Complete Dog Book (Howell Book House). 1997. p. 216. ISBN 0-87605-464-5. OCLC 1725429. Retrieved February 6, 2013.

[22] Welton, Michele. “Whippet Temperament What's Good About 'Em, What's Bad About 'Em”. Your Purebred Puppy. Retrieved February 7, 2013.

[23] Ewing, Patty (2010). “Whippet Health”. www.whippet-health.co.uk. Retrieved December 29, 2011.

[24] “Saluki Anesthesia”. Saluki Club of America. Retrieved December 29, 2011.

[25] “Whippet - Canada's Guide to Dogs - Breeds”. Canada's Guide to Dogs. 2010-10-16. Retrieved December 29, 2011.

[26] “Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey”. The Kennel Club. Retrieved June 26, 2012.

[27] “Trends in Hip Dysplasia (selected breeds)". Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. Retrieved January 26, 2013.

[28] “Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Whippets” (PDF). The Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee. Retrieved February 6, 2013.

[29] Mosher, Dana S; Quignon, Pascale; Bustamante, Carlos D; Sutter, Nathan B; Mellersh, Cathryn S; Parker, Heidi G; Os- trander, Elaine A (May 25, 2007). “A Mutation in the Myostatin Gene Increases Muscle Mass and Enhances Racing Performance in Heterozygote Dogs”. PLoS Genetics (PLOS Genetics) 3: e79. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030079. Re- trieved December 29, 2011.

[30] “Big Wendy the muscular whippet”. Colonist Times. Canada.com. July 2, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2011.

[31] Coile, Caroline (June 2008).“Breeder's Notebook: The Double-Muscle Phenomenon”. Dog World (BowTie Inc): 24–25.

98.5 External links

• Media related to Whippet at Wikimedia Commons 98.5. EXTERNAL LINKS 427

Charles Compton, 7th Earl of Northampton by Batoni, featuring a dog that appears to be an early form of Whippet. Chapter 99

White Shepherd

The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd Dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports. The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999. It has the same origins as the White Swiss Shepherd Dog (Berger Blanc Suisse, Weisser Schweizer Schäferhund) which is recognized as a separate breed by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). White Shepherds often have longer fur than the traditional German Shepherd Dog, and do not always have a double coat. The standard calls for less angulation in the front and rear hip and shoulder bone structure. Additionally, the desire for a flat topline, and the acceptability in the conformation ring to have either plush or long coats. These differences give white shepherds an overall more square and upright look and lighter frame as compared to the show lines of German shepherd dog, and they have very different side gait when comparing movement.

99.1 History

In German Shepherd Dogs the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany. A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd Dog bloodlines. Information provided in early books on the German Shepherd Dog*[1]*[2] make mention of Greif and other white German herding dogs, with upright ears and a general body description that resembles modern German Shepherd Dogs, shown in Europe as early as 1882. The early 20th century German Shepherd breeding program extensively line bred and inbred“color coat”dogs that carried Greif's recessive gene for“white coats”to refine and expand the population of early German Shepherd Dogs.*[3] White coats were made a disqualification in the German Shepherd Dog Club of Germany breed standard in 1933 after the breed club came under the control of the German Nazi party that took over all aspects of German society in February 1933 when Hitler declared a state of emergency. The German breed standard remained unchanged as German breeders repopulated the breed in the years after the conclusion of WWII. In 1959 the German Shepherd Dog Club of America (GSDCA) adopted the exclusively colored breed standard of the parent German breed club. White-coated German Shepherd Dogs were officially barred from competition in the American Kennel Club conformation ring in the United States starting in 1968. AKC-registered white German Shepherd Dogs may still compete in performance events. During 1969, white dog fanciers in the United States and Canada formed their own “White German Shepherd” breed clubs, breeding and showing their dogs at small specialty dog shows throughout North America. The White Shepherd Club of Canada (WSCC) has been dedicated to the promotion and preservation of the White Shepherd since 1971. Originally formed as a Chapter of the White German Shepherd Dog Club of America, the club was renamed White Shepherd Club of Canada in 1973. Its first conformation show was held that year with 8 dogs entered and 25 people in attendance. In Canada, the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) is incorporated under the Animal Pedigree Act, a federal statute under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture, which is the governing body that sets down recognition and standards for all pure animal breeds. For a long time, Agriculture Canada had protected white German Shepherds from the many

428 99.1. HISTORY 429

attempts by the German Shepherd Dog Club of Canada to have white dogs disqualified from the CKC conformation ring, as had long been the case in the USA. Some brave members of WSCC had shown in the CKC breed rings and had even accumulated points toward their dogs' CKC Championships. That all changed in 1998, when the color white was officially disqualified from the CKC German Shepherd breed standard. Disappointed but undeterred, the WSCC continues to work toward full breed recognition of the White Shepherd as a separate breed with the CKC. The club hosts shows several times a year, often in combination with the American White Shepherd Association. Event dates and locations are published in the club's newsletter and on its web site. In September 1995, a small group of fanciers of the white-coated German Shepherd Dog established the American White Shepherd Association (AWSA), a new club to advance, promote and protect the White Shepherd breed in the United States. In cooperation with the White Shepherd Club of Canada, AWSA wrote and published a new breed standard, and eventually petitioned the American Kennel Club for full recognition as a unique pure breed, separate from and independent of the German Shepherd Dog. As of this writing, AKC has not granted recogni- tion or registration for the White Shepherd breed, but the breeders, fanciers and members of AWSA carry on with independently-held club activities as well as running and maintaining the private club registry. AWSA continues to negotiate with the AKC for breed recognition as well as with the German Shepherd Dog Club of America (GSDCA) for breed separation. Until such time as GSDCA can be persuaded to grant official release of the white dogs, AKC must continue to register all white German Shepherd Dogs born from two AKC-registered German Shepherd parents as German Shepherd Dogs. In 1999, a group of AWSA members organized and established the United White Shepherd Club (UWSC) as a United Kennel Club affiliated parent club. They immediately petitioned for a new White Shepherd breed classification within UKC. The United Kennel Club accepted the UWSC's petition and created a new and separate White Shepherd breed conformation standard and registry. The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by UKC on April 14, 1999. Today, United Kennel Club recognizes both the White Shepherd breed standard as well as the original German Shepherd Dog breed conformation standard where white and colored dogs continue to be considered together as one breed. Neither UKC- nor AWSA-registered White Shepherds can be registered as FCI White Swiss Shepherd Dogs (Berger Blanc Suisse). Breed clubs associated with each of these unique breed lines maintain their own breed standards for appearance and temperament. The breed “appearance”standard given below is appropriate to the UKC-registered White Shepherd Dog and, with a few very minor changes - mostly in wording and layout - to the written standard of the AWSA club as well. 430 CHAPTER 99. WHITE SHEPHERD

15-week-old White Shepherd

No matter which country they hail from, White Shepherds excel in performance events such as competition obedience and rally obedience, tracking, flyball and agility. Many fine dogs have also earned titles in herding, proving that the herding instinct and ability has been retained in this versatile breed.

99.2 Appearance

The White Shepherd is a direct descendant of the German Shepherd Dog and the two breeds share common roots and are similar in appearance. However, the White Shepherd evolved from a continuous selection for a working companion dog with that exclusive color, beauty and elegance as seen both standing and in motion. His high degree of intelligence and sense of loyalty have allowed him to become one of the most versatile working dogs (as well as pets) known to man.*[4] The White Shepherd, as recognized by UKC, is a medium-sized, well-balanced, muscular dog, slightly longer than tall, with a medium length, pure white coat, erect ears, and a low-set natural tail that normally reaches to the hock and is carried in a slight curve like a saber. The White Shepherd is solid without bulkiness and should be shown in lean, hard physical condition. The outline of the White Shepherd is made up of smooth curves rather than angles. 99.3. TEMPERAMENT 431

When trotting, the White Shepherd moves with a long, efficient stride that is driven by a powerful forward thrust from the hindquarters. The rear leg, moving forward, swings under the foreleg and touches down in the place where the forefoot left an imprint. Sex differences are readily apparent. The White Shepherd should be evaluated as an all-around working dog, and exaggerations or faults should be penalized in proportion to how much they deviate from breed type and how much they interfere with the dog's ability to work. The head is proportional to the size of the dog. Males appear masculine without coarseness, and females feminine without being overly fine. The skull and muzzle are of equal length, parallel to one another, and joined at a moderate stop. There is little or no median furrow. The White Shepherd has a weather-resistant double coat. The outer coat is dense, straight, harsh, and close lying. The undercoat is short, thick, and fine in texture. At the neck, the coat may be slightly longer and heavier, particularly in males. Ideal coat color is a pure white. Colors ranging from a very light cream to a light biscuit tan are acceptable but not preferred. It is a disqualification for dogs to have noses not predominantly black. The tail is set on low in a natural extension of the sloping croup. The tail extends at least to the hock joint and usually below. The appearance standard for United Kennel Club registered dogs is very similar to but not exactly the same as for other separate breed lines such as the AWSA-registered White Shepherd or the FCI internationally recognized Berger Blanc Suisse (White Swiss Shepherd Dog). While all of the existing breed lines have a common genetic heritage with the white- coated members of the German Shepherd Dog breed, they are each separately registered with their respective clubs or registries which also maintain the individual breed appearance standards.

99.3 Temperament

The White Shepherd has a distinct personality marked by self-confidence. The breed is poised, but when the situation demands, they are eager, alert and ready to serve in any capacity. White Shepherds demonstrate both herding and protective instincts. With those he/she knows, the White Shepherd is open and friendly. With strangers, she/he is observant and may be somewhat aloof but not apprehensive. They enjoy running, playing fetch or any activity with their human family. This is a joyful, active, intelligent and easy to train working dog with the ability to adapt and integrate to all kinds of social events and situations. Timidity in a mature dog or aggressive behavior is not typical of this breed. White Shepherds are very loyal and tend to be especially protective of the young of various species. With their playful and curious personalities, they make wonderful companions although some do have the tendency toward being quite vocal by exhibiting whining, grunting, moaning and sometimes howling..

99.4 Activities

The White Shepherd can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, Rally obedience, Schutzhund, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. White Shepherds that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.*[5]

99.5 Genetics

There are many misconceptions about white-coat German Shepherd Dogs and the gene that expresses for their coat color. Clarence C. Little's The Inheritance of Coat Color in Dogs hypothesized that dilution or partial albinism ce, ca and cch alleles of the so-called (C) gene caused the cream and white coat color variants in domestic dogs. Little's hypothesized partial albinism explanation for cream and white colored coats has been applied across most domestic dog breeds, including white coat dogs from German Shepherd breed lines, since Little first published his book. However, comparative analysis of the dog genome and specific breed DNA sequences now shows that Little's hypoth- esized gene (C) color dilution explanation for cream and white colored coats is most likely not a relevant determinant of cream and white coats known to commonly occur in many dog breeds. Little's 1957-era partial albinism dilu- tion explanation, as applied to explain domestic dog white and cream coat colors, can be replaced by the findings of modern genetic research. Research has shown that a recessive e allele at the Extension (E) gene is at least partially responsible for cream and white coat color. The (E) gene, now identified as the Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, is one of the two genes known to code for alleles that are absolutely fundamental to the formation of all German Shepherd Dog colored 432 CHAPTER 99. WHITE SHEPHERD

coat variations. When the recessive allele is inherited from each breeding pair parent, the e/e genotype offspring of certain breeds, including white coat dogs from German Shepherd breed lines, always have cream or white colored 99.6. IN POPULAR CULTURE 433

White Shepherd performing in dog agility coats.*[6]*[7] White Shepherds were once blamed for color dilution or paling for the entire breed because the recessive e allele of the MC1R (E) gene locus masks expression of alleles at other gene loci that actually do code for lighter (often termed as diluted or pale) colors of silver, black and tan or liver. German breeders of the 1920s and 1930s misinterpreted pale-colored offspring of white dogs as an undesirable “white”genetic trait. A homozygous dog of normal color paired with a white GSD always produces full colored puppies because the e allele is recessive.

99.6 In popular culture

• In the 2008 Disney animated film Bolt, the design of the main character, Bolt (character) is heavily inspired by the White Shepherd Dog.

• In the survival horror video game Haunting Ground (“Demento”in Japan), one of the main characters is a White Shepherd named Hewie.

• In the 1993 motion picture“Amos and Andrew”featured a white shepherd named Rommell, played by Rambo.

• The 1987 motion picture The Lost Boys features a White Shepherd called Thorn, owned by the character Max.

• Samuel Fuller's acclaimed 1982 motion picture White Dog features a White Shepherd that has been trained to attack and kill people with black skin.*[8]

• Jack LaLanne, popular fitness “guru”had white shepherd dogs that appeared on his TV show.

• Russell Brand has a white shepherd that appeared in an interview on the Jonathan Ross Show, January 2014.

• Fantasy author Neil Gaiman has two white German Shepherds, Cabal and Lola.

• Jennifer Aniston has a white shepherd called Dolly.

• Pop singer and actress Miley Cyrus has a white shepherd named Mate (note that she also appeared in Bolt as the owner of the title character).

• Carolyn Perry also has a White German Shepherd with the French name of Gigi

• In the television series, Game of Thrones, a White German Shepherd is cast as the runt of a Direwolf litter 434 CHAPTER 99. WHITE SHEPHERD

• In Dean Koontz's Odd Thomas series, Odd's companion for many books is a White German Shepherd named Boo.

• Ukrainian author Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky's impressionist novella Intermezzo includes characters of “Three White Shepherds”as metaphorical images of Nobility, Gendarmerie and Peasantry.

• In Jonathan Mayberry's Joe Ledger series Cpt Ledger's dog is a White German Shepherd named Ghost.

• In the first season (1955–56) of The Mickey Mouse Club, a White German Shepherd is featured in the serial “Corky and White Shadow”starring Darlene Gillespie as Corky.

• The 1971 TV show Longstreet, starring James Franciscus as a blind attorney, featured a White German Shep- herd guide dog named Pax.

99.7 References

[1] Horowitz, George (1927). The Alsatian Wolf-Dog: Its origin, history, and working capabilities 2nd ed. Manchester: Our Dogs Publ. Co.

[2] Willis, Malcolm (1977). The German Shepherd Dog, Its History, Development, and Genetics. New York: ARCO Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-668-04077-8.

[3] Rankin, Calumn (2002). The All-White Progenitor: German Shepherd Dogs. Upfront Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84426-022- 5.

[4] “United Kennel Club Standard for White Shepherd Dog”. American White Shepherd Association, United White Shepherd Club, and White Shepherd Club of Canada. Retrieved 2007-08-03.

[5] Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.

[6] Schmutz SM, Berryere TG. (July–August 2007). “The Genetics of Cream Coat Color in Dogs”. Journal of Heredity 98 (5): 544–8. doi:10.1093/jhered/esm018. PMID 17485734.

[7] Handley, M. (2007-10-31).“The Genetics of Coat Color in the White (German/Swiss) Shepherd Dog”. White Shepherd Genetics Project. Retrieved 2007-11-19.

[8] http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084899/

99.8 Further information

• Neufeld, Peter (1970). The Invincible White Shepherd. Minnedosa: Glendosa Research Center. ISBN 978-0- 9690208-1-3.

• Willis, Malcolm (1992). The German Shepherd Dog. New York: Howell Book House. ISBN 978-0-87605- 175-7.

• Willis, Malcolm (1989). Genetics of the Dog. New York: Howell Book House. ISBN 978-0-87605-551-9.

• Strickland, Winifred (1988). The German Shepherd Today / Winifred Gibson Strickland and James Anthony Moses. New and Rev. Ed. New York: New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-614990-7.

• Ruvinsky, Anatoly (2001). The Genetics of the Dog. Wallingford: CABI Pub. ISBN 978-0-85199-520-5.

• Isabell, Jackie (2002). Genetics: an Introduction for Dog Breeders. Loveland: Alpine Blue Ribbon Books. ISBN 978-1-57779-041-9.

• Raisor, Michelle (2005). Determining the Antiquity of Dog Origins: Canine Domestication as a Model for the Consilience between Molecular Genetics and Archaeology. Oxford: Archaeopress. ISBN 978-1-84171-809-5.

• Hart, Ernest (1988). This Is the German Shepherd. Neptune City: TFH Publications. ISBN 978-0-87666- 298-4.

• Dodge, Geraldine R (1956). The German Shepherd Dog in America. New York: O. Judd Pub. Co. 99.9. EXTERNAL LINKS 435

• Hart, Ernest H (1968). Encyclopedia of dog breeds: Histories and official standards: evolution, genealogy, genetics, husbandry, etc. Crown Publishers. • Goldbecker, William (1955). This is the German Shepherd. Practical science Pub Co.

• Reeves, Jean (2007). White Shepherd. Kennel Club Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59378-589-5. • Schmutz SM, Berryere TG. (July–August 2007). “The Genetics of Cream Coat Color in Dogs”. Journal of Heredity 98 (5): 544–8. doi:10.1093/jhered/esm018. PMID 17485734. • Kerns JA, Olivier M, Lust G, Barsh GS (2003). “Exclusion of melanocortin-1 receptor (mc1r) and agouti as candidates for dominant black in dogs”. Journal of Heredity 94 (1): 75–9. PMID 12692166.

99.9 External links

• American White Shepherd Association • White Shepherd Health & Genetics Project

• White Shepherd Club of Canada • United White Shepherd Club

• White Paws German Shepherd Rescue Chapter 100

Wirehaired Pointing Griffon

The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon (called the Korthals Griffon in the UK, and the Griffon d'arrêt à poil dur Korthals in France and Quebec) is a breed of dog used in hunting as a gundog. It is sometimes considered to be Dutch in ancestry, due to the nationality of the breed founder, Eduard Karel Korthals. Others consider the Griffon to be a German breed because Korthals' kennel, Ipenwoud, was located in Biebesheim am Rhein, Germany. It was there for over twenty years that Korthals dedicated his life to the development and perfection of the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon. The breed is still relatively rare in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom despite long recognition by their respective kennel clubs, as well as the FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale). The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is particularly adapted for hunting in thick undergrowth and around water, where its harsh coat is excellent protection.

100.1 Appearance

The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon is a medium-sized dog with a harsh, wiry coat. According to its AKC standard, the coat is preferably steel gray with brown markings. Other acceptable colors: chestnut brown, white and brown, roan, and white and orange. All brown, all white or white and orange are less desirable. A black coat disqualifies. Tan point coloration is substandard and indicates existence of the tan gene. The Griffon should have flat ears that lie close to the head, and eyes that are either yellow or brown. Its nose must be brown.*[1]

100.2 History

The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon was developed by Eduard Karel Korthals beginning in 1873.*[2] Korthals' dream was to create the ideal versatile gun dog; one with extreme resiliency, vigor, and devotion to its master. The dog would also have to work close to its master, and be open to training. Korthals' breeding line began in 1874 with “Mouche”, who would be used as its foundation bitch, as well as five other dogs described as “Griffons": Janus, Satan, Banco, Hector, and Junon. He interbred the dogs carefully until offspring were produced that resembled his dream pointing dog. Much speculation is given as to which other breeds contributed to Korthals' line. Some sources refer to other pointers from Germany and France, others point to continental Spaniels, while still others believe English and French waterdogs played a part in creating the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon. In any event, the resulting offspring (Moustache I, Lina, and Querida) are referred to as the“Korthals Patriarchs”because they are the Griffon's direct ancestors.*[3] However, these dogs still looked very different from today's modern Griffon. The American Kennel Club's first registered Wirehaired Pointing Griffon was “Zolette”, who was entered into the stud book in 1887. However, the Griffon was still relatively unknown, and she was registered as a “Russian Setter(Griffon)" for her presumed Russian heritage. It was not until 1916, twenty-nine years later, that the breed was officially recognized in the United States. In that same year, sixteen Griffons appeared in the Westminster Kennel

436 100.3. HEALTH AND TEMPERAMENT 437

Club Dog Show, one of the most prestigious shows in the country.*[3] Since then, the breed has grown in popularity as not only a show dog but also a versatile gun dog, Korthals' original intention for the breed. For the most part, the breed still resembles his original intentions: a medium size, harsh coat, good degree of trainability, and resilient on the field and in the ring.*[4]

100.3 Health and temperament

Wirehaired Pointing Griffons are known as intelligent, extremely eager to please, friendly dogs. A standing joke among Griffon owners is that a nice thing about a Griff is that you get to have a puppy for a long time - and a bad thing about a Griff is that you get to have a puppy for a long time. Certainly, many individual Griffons retain their puppy playfulness well into adulthood. They are also known for their slightly less excitable temperament when not in the field, which makes them a very comfortable dog to have living in your home. Most Griffons do not take well to living their lives in kennels. They are extremely people oriented and prefer to be somewhere in the vicinity of their owners. Due to breed organizations, kennels, and owners having a strong commitment to the health of the breed, breed programs are overwhelmingly very selective in breeding dogs that are OFA/Penn Hip, CERF, and temperament clear. As a result, instances of congenital diseases and conditions are relatively low, and most Griffons live long and healthy lives.

100.4 Shedding

Contrary to some publications, the Griffon is not non-shedding. However, it does shed considerably less than many other breeds. All dogs shed,*[5] and it is the dog's dander and saliva that trigger most allergic reactions.*[6] Allergists do recognize that at times a particular allergy patient will be able to tolerate a particular dog, but they agree that“the luck of the few with their pets cannot be stretched to fit all allergic people and entire breeds of dogs.”*[7] Allergists “think there really are differences in protein production between dogs that may help one patient and not another” ,*[7] meaning that some allergic people may not have allergic reactions to a specific dog.

100.5 See also

• Pointing breed

• German Wirehaired Pointer

• Cesky Fousek, also known as the Bohemian Wirehaired Pointing Griffon

• Hypoallergenic dog breed

100.6 References

[1] “The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Breed Standard” American Kennel Club

[2] “The Breed” at official site of American Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Association. Accessed May 28, 2007.

[3] The Breed - Wirehaired Pointing Griffon

[4] http://www.akc.org/breeds/wirehaired_pointing_griffon/history.cfm at the American Kennel Club's official page for the Wirehaired pointing Griffon. Accessed July 1, 2010.

[5] Jeffrey Adelglass, M.D., ear, nose, throat and allergy information quote: “No dog is considered non-allergenic because all dogs produce dander, saliva, and urine which are the offending allergens.”

[6] Mayo Clinic, Pet allergy

[7] “Nonallergenic Dog? Not Really” by Denise Grady, The New York Times, February 5, 1997. 438 CHAPTER 100. WIREHAIRED POINTING GRIFFON

100.7 External links

• Korthals Griffon Club of America

• American Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Association • Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Club of America

• United Kingdom information

• French Club • Dutch Club

• Health & Genetics portal for the breed Chapter 101

Wirehaired Vizsla

The Wirehaired Vizsla (/ˈviːʃlə/ VEESH-lə; Hungarian: [ˈviʒlɒ]; English plural: Vizslas or sometimes Vizslak,*[1]*[2] based on the Hungarian plural vizslák [ˈviʒlaːk]), is a dog breed originating in Hungary. Wirehaired Vizslas are known as excellent hunting dogs, and also have a level personality making them suited for families. The Wirehaired Vizsla is a versatile, natural hunter endowed with an excellent nose and an above average trainability. Although they are lively, gentle mannered, demonstrably affectionate and sensitive, they are also fearless and possessed of a well-developed protective instinct. The breed has a firmness on point, is an excellent retriever, and has the determination to remain on the scent even when swimming. The overall appearance embodies the qualities of a multi-purpose pointing dog, endurance, working ability and an easily satisfied nature. This is a dog of power and drive in the field, yet is a tractable and affectionate companion in the home.*[3]

101.1 Description

101.1.1 Appearance

The Wirehaired Vizsla is a wire-coated hunting dog, with a distinguished appearance and bearing. They have a lean build and are very robust. The coat is an attractive russet to golden sand in color. Where permitted the tail may be docked to three-fourths of its original length.*[4]

Color and coat

The Wirehaired Vizsla is a rare dog breed in Hungary with an estimated 30 litters *[5] (approximately 140-150 dogs) being registered annually. The coat is wiry, close-lying, strong, and dense, 0.75 to 1.25 in (1.9 to 3.2 cm) long with a dense, water-repellent undercoat. The outline of the body is not to be hidden by the longer coat. Pronounced eyebrows along with a strong, harsh beard, 0.75 to 1.25 in (1.9 to 3.2 cm) long on both sides of the muzzle reinforce the determined expression. The coat should never be long, soft, silky, shaggy, crinkle, wooly, thin, lacking undercoat or lacking brushes on the legs.

Size

• Males

• Height: 23 to 25 in (58 to 64 cm). • Weight: 45 to 65 lb (20 to 29 kg)

• Females

• Height: 21.5 to 23 in (55 to 58 cm) • Weight: 40 to 55 lb (18 to 25 kg)

439 440 CHAPTER 101. WIREHAIRED VIZSLA

Wirehaired Vizsla

Overall symmetry and balance are more important than mere measurable size.

101.1.2 Temperament

Like the Vizsla, Wirehaired Vizslas are very high energy, gentle-mannered, loyal, caring, and highly affectionate. They quickly form close bonds with their owners, including children. They are quiet dogs, only barking if necessary or if they are provoked. They are natural hunters with an excellent ability to take training .*[6] Not only are they great pointers, but they are excellent retrievers as well. They will retrieve on land and in the water, making the most of their natural instincts. However, they must be trained gently and without harsh commands or strong physical correction, as they have sensitive temperaments and can be easily damaged if trained too harshly (Gottlieb, 1992). Vizslas are excellent swimmers and often swim in pools if one is available. Like all gun dogs, Vizslas require a good deal of exercise to remain healthy and happy. Thirty minutes to an hour of exercise daily in a large off-leash area is optimal (Coffman 1992). The Wirehaired Vizsla thrives on attention, exercise, and interaction. It is highly intelligent, and enjoys being chal- lenged and stimulated, both mentally and physically. Vizslas that do not get enough attention and exercise can easily become destructive or hyperactive. Under-stimulated Vizslas may also become depressed or engage in obsessive- compulsive behaviours such as persistent licking (Coffman 1992). Vizslas are very gentle dogs that are great around children. The Vizsla wants to be close to its owner as much of the time as possible. Many Vizslas will sleep in bed with their owners if allowed, burrowing under the covers.

101.2 History

The less usual Wirehaired Vizsla is a completely separate breed from its more commonly seen smooth-coated cousin. The Wirehaired Vizsla was developed in the 1930s, initially by Vasas Jozsef, owner of the Csabai vizsla kennel along with Gresznarik Laszlo, who owned the de Selle German Wirehaired Pointer kennel. Their aim was to produce a dog 101.2. HISTORY 441

Wirehaired Vizsla guarding game 442 CHAPTER 101. WIREHAIRED VIZSLA

A Wirehaired Vizsla

that combined the color of the Vizsla with a heavier coat, and a more substantial frame, better suited for working in cold weather and retrieving from icy water. Two Vizsla bitches (Zsuzsi and Csibi), both of whom combined excellent pedigrees with good working ability, were selected to breed with a totally liver colored German Wirehaired Pointer sire (Astor von Potat). Zsuzsiʼs sire was known to have offspring with longer coats. The best of Zsuzsiʼs and Csibiʼs offspring were selected and bred together and Dia de Selle, the first WHV to be exhibited, was born. She had the same body as the shorthaired vizsla, but her head was the shape of the German Wirehaired Pointer. While her coat was not rough and thick enough, she was the promising beginning of the creation of the new breed. Anecdotal history suggests the added infusion of Pudelpointer, Bloodhound and Irish Setter blood during the period of the Second World War when many other Hungarian kennels became involved in the development of the breed. It has also previously, but incorrectly been suggested that the breed was created by backbreeding of smooth Vizsla's most heavily coated offspring (Gottlieb,idem). There are approximately 400-450 Wirehaired Vizslas in the US and between 2,500 and 3,000 worldwide.*[7]

101.2.1 Official Recognition

The Wirehaired Vizsla was recognized in Europe by the FCI under the Hungarian standard in 1986. Introduced to North America in the 1970s, the breed was first recognized by the Canadian Kennel Club in 1977 and North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association in 1986. The breed was recognized by the United Kennel Club in 2006. It was recognized by the Australian National Kennel Council in 2007. The breed was admitted into AKC's Foundation Stock Service Program in 2008. Effective January 1, 2009, the Wirehaired Vizsla became eligible to compete in AKC Companion and Performance events. The Wirehaired Vizsla was permitted to show in conformation in the AKC Miscellaneous Class starting January 1, 2011. They joined the 101.3. COMMON ILLNESSES 443

Wirehaired Vizsla with game

Sporting Group and became a fully recognized breed on July 2, 2014.*[8] They are also recognized by in North America by the American Rare Breed Association, as well as Field Dog Stud Book registries.

101.3 Common illnesses

Although the Wirehaired Vizsla is not generally considered as a sickly dog, breeding from a small number of dogs has led to heritable illnesses in some offspring, including:

• dysphagia-megaoesophagus (difficulty swallowing, drooling and muscle wasting) • Hip dysplasia • hypothyroidism • sebaceous adenitis • digestive problems (including intolerance to certain foods or food allergies) 444 CHAPTER 101. WIREHAIRED VIZSLA

• eye conditions such as:

• ectropion (the upper or lower eyelid curls outward which gives the look of “droopy eyes”) • entropion (the upper or lower eyelid, but in most cases the lower lid, curls inward towards the eye, therefore irritating the cornea)

• idiopathic epilepsy is becoming more common in this breed (Gottlieb 2002)

Responsible breeders do not select dogs for breeding if they have such inherent problems.

101.4 See also

• Vizsla, a breed that contributed to the original development of the Wirehaired Vizsla.

*[9]

101.5 References

[1] “Leiborschy Kennels”. Retrieved 2009-03-10.

[2] “Vizsla Dogs Ltd.”. Retrieved 2009-03-10.

[3] “AKC Wirehaired Vizsla Breed Standard”. Retrieved 2012-01-01.

[4] “ukcdogs.com”.

[5] “Zöldmáli kennel”. Retrieved 2009-03-09.

[6] “AKC Vizsla Breed Standard”. Retrieved 2007-11-25.

[7] “Miadsc Gundogs History of the HWV”. Retrieved 2009-03-09.

[8] “The AKC Family Grows to 180 Breeds” American Kennel Club, retrieved March 1 2015.

[9] Fényes Varázs Kennel

101.6 External links

• Wirehaired Vizsla Club of America, (US National Breed Club/AKC Foundation Stock, est. 2003)

• Overview of the Hungarian Wire-Haired Vizsla (by Complete Dogs Guide) • Hungarian Wirehaired Vizsla Association (UK) Chapter 102

Yorkshire Terrier

The Yorkshire Terrier is a small dog breed of terrier type, developed in the 19th century in the county of Yorkshire, England,*[3] to catch rats in clothing mills, also used for rat-baiting. The defining features of the breed are its maximum size of 7 pounds (3.2 kg),*[3] but some Yorkies may exceed 7 pounds and grow to be up to 15 pounds. It has a gray, black, and tan coat. The breed is nicknamed Yorkie and is placed in the Toy Terrier section of the Terrier Group by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and in the Toy Group or Companion Group by other kennel clubs, including the American Kennel Club,*[3] although all agree that the breed is a terrier. A popular companion dog, the Yorkshire Terrier has also been part of the development of other breeds, such as the Australian Silky Terrier.

102.1 History

The Yorkshire Terrier (also called a “Yorkie”) originated in Yorkshire (and the adjoining Lancashire), a region in northern England.*[3]*[4] In the mid-19th century, workers from Scotland came to Yorkshire in search of work and brought with them several different varieties of small terriers. Breeding of the Yorkshire Terrier was “principally accomplished by the people̶mostly operatives in cotton and woolen mills̶in the counties of Yorkshire and Lan- cashire.”*[5] Details are scarce. Mrs. A. Foster is quoted as saying in 1886,“If we consider that the mill operatives who originated the breed...were nearly all ignorant men, unaccustomed to imparting information for public use, we may see some reason why reliable facts have not been easily attained.”*[6] What is known is that the breed sprang from three different dogs, a male named Old Crab and a female named Kitty, and another female whose name is not known.*[7] The Paisley Terrier, a smaller version of the Skye Terrier that was bred for a beautiful long silky coat, also figured into the early dogs. Some authorities believed that the Maltese was used as well.*[8] “They were all originally bred from Scotch Terriers (note: meaning dogs from Scotland, not today's Scottish Terrier) and shown as such...the name Yorkshire Terrier was given to them on account of their being improved so much in Yorkshire.”*[6] Yorkshire Terriers were shown in a dog show category (class) at the time called “Rough and Broken-coated, Broken-haired Scotch and Yorkshire Terriers”. Hugh Dalziel, writing in 1878, says that “the classification of these dogs at shows and in the Kennel Club Stud Book is confusing and absurd”in lumping together these different types.*[9] In the early days of the breed,“almost anything in the shape of a Terrier having a long coat with blue on the body and fawn or silver coloured head and legs, with tail docked and ears trimmed, was received and admired as a Yorkshire Terrier”.*[5] But in the late 1860s, a popular Paisley type Yorkshire Terrier show dog named Huddersfield Ben, owned by a woman living in Yorkshire, Mary Ann Foster, was seen at dog shows throughout Great Britain, and defined the breed type for the Yorkshire Terrier.*[10]

102.1.1 Huddersfield Ben

Main article: Huddersfield Ben

Huddersfield Ben was a famous dog. His portrait was painted by George Earl*[11] and in 1891 an authority on the breed wrote,“Huddersfield Ben was the best stud dog of his breed during his lifetime, and one of the most remarkable dogs of any pet breed that ever lived; and most of the show specimens of the present day have one or more crosses

445 446 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Painting from the 19th century depicting a Yorkshire-like terrier by Ernest Gustave Girardot

of his blood in their pedigree.”*[12] A show winner, Huddersfield Ben quickly became the type of dog everyone wanted, and through his puppies has defined the breed as we know it today. He is still referred to as “father of the breed.”*[10] 102.1. HISTORY 447

Yorkshire Terrier from 1915

102.1.2 In North America

The Yorkshire Terrier was introduced in North America in 1872*[4] and the first Yorkshire Terrier was registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1885.*[3]*[13] During the Victorian era, the Yorkshire Terrier was a popular pet and show dog in England, and as Americans embraced Victorian customs, so too did they embrace the Yorkshire Terrier.*[14] The breed's popularity dipped in the 1940s, when the percentage of small breed dogs registered fell to an all-time low of 18% of total registrations.*[15] Smoky, a Yorkshire Terrier and famous war dog from World War II, is credited with beginning a renewal of interest in the breed.*[16] The American Kennel Club ranked the Yorkshire Terrier as the 6th most popular pure-breed in the United States of America in 2012 and 2013.*[3] 448 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Yorkshire Terriers̶Mrs. Foster's “Huddersfield Ben”and Lady Giffard's “Katie”c. 1870

102.2 Appearance

102.2.1 Coat

For adult Yorkshire Terriers, importance is placed on coat colour, quality, and texture.*[17] The hair must be glossy, fine, straight, and silky. Traditionally the coat is grown out very long and is parted down the middle of the back, but “must never impede movement.”*[18] From the back of the neck to the base of the tail, the coat should be a dark gray to a black colour, and the hair on the tail should be a darker black. On the head, high chest, and legs, the hair should be a bright, rich tan, darker at the roots than in the middle, that shades into a lighter tan at the tips, but not for all dogs. Also, in adult dogs there should be no black hairs intermingled with any of the tan coloured fur. Adult Yorkshire Terriers that have other coat colours than the above, or that have woolly or extra fine coats, are still Yorkshire Terriers. The only difference is that atypical Yorkshire Terriers should not intentionally be bred.*[19] In addition, care may be more difficult for “woolly”or “cottony”textured coats, or coats that are overly fine.*[17] One of the reasons given for not breeding“off-coloured” Yorkies is that the colour could be a potential indicator of a genetic defect that may affect the dog's health, a careful health screening can clarify if any health risks exist.*[20] Coats may vary in colour. For example, a grown Yorkie may have a silver/blue with light brown while another might have a black and creamy colour. The long coat on the Yorkshire Terrier means that the breed requires regular brushing.*[3]

Hypoallergenic coats

Main article: Hypoallergenic dog breed

The typical fine, straight, and silky Yorkshire Terrier coat has also been listed by many popular dog information websites as being hypoallergenic. In comparison with many other breeds, Yorkies do not shed to the same degree, 102.2. APPEARANCE 449

A silver blue and pale cream Yorkshire Terrier, with characteristic long hair only losing small amounts when bathed or brushed.*[21] and it is the dog's dander and saliva that trigger most allergic reactions.*[22] Allergists do recognize that at times a particular allergy patient will be able to tolerate a particular dog, but they agree that “the luck of the few with their pets cannot be stretched to fit all allergic people and entire breeds of dogs.”*[23] The Yorkshire Terrier coat is said to fall out only when brushed or broken, or just said to not shed.*[24] Although neither of those statements agree with what biologists, veterinarians, and allergists know about dog fur, allergists “think there really are differences in protein production between dogs that may help one patient and not another”,*[23] meaning that some allergic people may not have allergic reactions to a specific dog, like the Yorkie.

Coat care

Owners may trim the fur short for easier care. For shows, the coat is left long, and may be trimmed to floor length to give ease of movement and a neater appearance. Hair on the feet and the tips of ears can also be trimmed.*[17]*[18] The traditional long coat is extremely high maintenance. To prevent breakage, the coat may be wrapped in rice paper, tissue paper, or plastic, after a light oiling with a coat oil. The oil has to be washed out once a month and the wraps must be fixed periodically during the week to prevent them from sliding down and breaking the hair. Elaborate coat care dates from the earliest days of the breed. In 1878, John Walsh described similar preparations: the coat is“well greased”with coconut oil, the dog is bathed weekly, and the dog's feet are “carefully kept in stockings.”*[25]

Other colours

The Yorkshire Terrier is a tan dog with a blue saddle. Particolours exist, although they are not correct for the breed standard. The particolour coat is white with black/blue and tan. It is very rare to get a particolour, and if one is found, it tends to be very expensive.*[26] Some Yorkshire Terriers are liver or chocolate, a brown colour; they are unable to produce black pigment.*[27] The breed is defined by its colour, and such non-standard colours may indicate health problems or cross-breeding with other breeds of other colours.*[20] The AKC registration form for Yorkshire 450 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Yorkshire Terrier with dark coat

Terriers allows for four choices: blue and tan, blue and gold, black and tan, black and gold. Colour alone will not affect whether or not a dog is a good companion and pet. Even though off-coloured Yorkshire Terriers are advertised at premium prices, being of an unusual or atypical colour is neither new, desirable, nor exotic.*[26] Until recently, mismatched Yorkshire Terriers could be crossed with Biewer Terriers, a new breed originated in Germany from party coloured Yorkshire Terriers.*[28] Although the American Kennel Club will not deny registration of a Yorkshire Terrier on colour alone parti colour are now registered at the American kennel club the Yorkshire Terrier Club of America has a directive that “any solid colour or combination of colours other than black and tan” for adult dogs is a disqualification, and “dogs of solid colour, unusual combination of colours, and party colours should be disqualified.”*[29]

Puppy coats

It may take three or more years for the coat to reach its final colour. The final colour is usually a black/grayish colour.*[29] P. H. Combs, writing in 1891, complained about show wins awarded to puppies, when the dog's coat does not fully come in until three or four years old,“and the honor of winning such a prize (for a puppy) can therefore be of but little practical benefit to the owner”since the adult dog's colour cannot be exactly predicted.*[30]*[31]

102.3 Temperament

The ideal Yorkshire Terrier character or“personality”is described with a“carriage very upright”and“conveying an important air.”*[18] Though small, the Yorkshire Terrier is active, very overprotective, curious, and loves attention. Mentally sound and emotionally secure ones should normally not show the soft submissive temperament seen in lap dogs. Because of this, it is advised that a Yorkie would not be suitable for a home with typical young children̶they are Terriers after all. Instead, they make ideal companions for older families with many more reputable breeders routinely only homing to families with children older than about 8 years for the comfort of the dog, but more so for 102.3. TEMPERAMENT 451

A silver blue and pale cream Yorkshire Terrier. The fine, straight, silky coat is considered hypoallergenic

Yorkshire Terrier puppy, displaying a black and tan coat 452 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Yorkshire Terrier character is described as “conveying an important air.”

the benefit of the child. Yorkshire Terriers are an easy dog breed to train. This results from their own nature to work without human assistance. Because they were developed as a working breed many need a lot of both physical and mental stimulation̶with both long walks/runs but also indoor games and training to keep their mind busy. They are known for being yappy, but many have reported that a contented Yorkie is a quiet one̶that will happily curl up on your knee in the evening. Of course it must be noted that they are all individuals, with some being much more laid back than others and the 102.4. HEALTH 453

breeder should ideally be able to advise on the needs and temperaments of their particular line. Yorkies are easily adaptable to all surroundings, travel well and make suitable pets for many homes. Due to their small size, they require limited exercise, but need daily interaction with people.*[3] Yorkshire Terriers do tend to bark a lot. This makes them excellent watch dogs as they will sound the alarm when anyone gets close. However, this barking problem can be resolved with proper training and exercise. Yorkshire Terriers are ranked 27th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs.*[32]

102.4 Health

Health issues often seen in the Yorkshire Terrier include bronchitis, lymphangiectasia, portosystemic shunt, cataracts, and keratitis sicca.*[33] Additionally, Yorkies often have a delicate digestive system, with vomiting or diarrhea re- sulting from consumption of foods outside of a regular diet.*[1] The relatively small size of the Yorkshire Terrier means that it usually has a poor tolerance for anesthesia. Additionally, a toy dog such as the Yorkie is more likely to be injured by falls, other dogs and owner clumsiness.*[1] Injection reactions (inflammation or hair loss at the site of an injection) can occur. In addition allergies can cause skin to be dry, itchy and/or red.*[34] The life span of a Yorkie is 13–16 years.*[1]*[2] Undersized Yorkies (3 pounds or less) generally have a shorter life span, as they are especially prone to health problems such as chronic diarrhea and vomiting; are even more sensitive to anesthesia; and are more easily injured.*[1]

102.4.1 Teeth

As with all other dogs, Yorkies have two sets of teeth in their life. The first set of teeth is the 28-piece deciduous teeth (often referred to as“milk teeth”,“baby teeth”or“puppy teeth”). The second set is the 42-piece permanent or adult teeth. Sometimes the number of permanent or adult teeth may vary, which is fine as long as they do not cause bad bite. When puppies are born, they have no teeth because milk is the only food they need. The deciduous teeth will grow from the age of 3 to 8 weeks old, in the order of incisors, canine/ fangs and premolars. Yorkie puppies have no molar teeth. Yorkie puppies will start to lose their deciduous or baby teeth when the permanent or adult teeth come in. The permanent or adult grow when the Yorkie puppies are 4 to 8 months old. By around 8 months old, those teeth should fully develop. The permanent or adult teeth will grow in the order of incisors, canine/fangs, premolars and molars. Molar teeth will develop at around 6 to 8 months old.*[35] Yorkies and other small dog breeds may have problems if the deciduous or baby teeth do not fall out as the permanent or adult teeth grow. This is caused by the new teeth not growing right underneath the deciduous teeth. (Usually, a puppyʼs body will absorb the roots of puppy teeth.) If the puppy tooth does not yield to the incoming tooth, it should be removed because it can cause a malocclusion or bad bite.*[36] Retained teeth can cause tooth decay because food can be easily caught in between the deciduous and permanent teeth. Sometimes the new teeth are forced to grow into an abnormal position and further cause a bad bite. The retained teeth may stay or fall weeks after the new teeth have developed. When necessary, the retained deciduous or baby teeth need to be removed surgically.*[37] Like other small breeds, Yorkies are also prone to severe dental disease. Because they have a small jaw, their teeth can become crowded and may not fall out naturally. This can cause food and plaque to build up, and bacteria can eventually develop on the surface of the teeth, leading to periodontal disease. In addition, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause heart and kidney problems. The best prevention is regular brushing of the teeth with a toothpaste formulated specifically for dogs. Human toothpaste is not recommended, because it foams easier and may be swallowed. Professional teeth cleaning by a veterinarian may also be required to prevent the development of dental problems.*[38]

Genetic defects

Certain genetic disorders have been found in Yorkshire Terriers, including distichiasis, hydrocephalus, hypoplasia of dens, Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome, luxating patella, portosystemic shunt, retinal dysplasia, tracheal collapse, and bladder stones.*[39] The following are among the most common congenital defects that affect Yorkies.

• Distichiae, eyelashes arising from an abnormal spot (usually the duct of the meibomian gland at the edge of the eyelid), are often found in Yorkies.*[40] Distichiae can irritate the eye and cause tearing, squinting, in- 454 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Morkie (half Maltese, half Yorkie) puppy with his deciduous teeth and adult teeth growing in

flammation, corneal abrasions or corneal ulcers, and scarring. Treatment options may include manual removal, electrolysis, or surgery.*[41]

• Hypoplasia of dens is a non-formation of the pivot point of the second cervical vertebra, which leads to spinal cord damage.*[39] Onset of the condition may occur at any age, producing signs ranging from neck pain to quadriplegia.*[42] 102.4. HEALTH 455

Yorkie's retained deciduous or baby fangs.

• Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome, which causes the top of the femur (thigh bone) to degenerate, occurs in Yorkies in certain lines.*[43] The condition appears to result from insufficient circulation to the area around the hip joint. As the blood supply is reduced, the bone in the head of the femur collapses and dies and the cartilage coating around it becomes cracked and deformed.*[43] Usually the disease appears when the Yorkie is young (between five and eight months of age); signs are pain, limping, or lameness.*[44] The standard treatment is surgery to remove the affected part of the bone.*[44] Following surgery, muscles hold the femur in place and fibrous tissue forms in the area of removal to prevent bone rubbing on bone.*[45] Although the affected leg will be slightly shorter than prior to surgery, the Yorkie may regain almost normal use.*[44]

• Luxating patellas (slipping kneecaps) are another common defect considered to be genetic in Yorkies, although it may also be caused by an accidental fall. Weak ligaments and tendons in the knee or malformed (too shallow) patellar grooves, allow the patella to slip out of its groove sideways.*[46] This causes the leg to 'lock up' with the foot held off the ground.*[46] A dog with this problem may experience frequent pain and lameness or may be bothered by it only on occasion. Over time, the patellar ridges can become worn down, making the groove even more shallow and causing the dog to become increasingly lame.*[46] Surgery is the main treatment option available for luxating patellas, although it is not necessary for every dog with the condition.

• Portosystemic shunt, a congenital malformation of the portal vein (which brings blood to the liver for cleansing), is also common in Yorkies. In this condition some of the dog's blood bypasses the liver and the“dirty”blood goes on to poison the heart, brain, lungs, and other organs with toxins. A Yorkie with this condition might exhibit a wide variety of symptoms, such as small stature, poor appetite, weak muscle development, decreased ability to learn, inferior coordination, occasional vomiting and diarrhea, behavioral abnormalities, seizures (especially after a meal), and blindness, which could lead to a coma and death. Often, the shunt can be treated with surgery.*[47] 456 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

• Tracheal collapse, caused by a progressive weakening of the walls of the trachea, occurs in many toy breeds, especially very tiny Yorkies.*[48] As a result of genetics, the walls of the trachea can be flaccid, a condition that becomes more severe with age. Cushing's syndrome, a disorder that causes production of excess steroid hormone by the adrenal glands, can also weaken cartilage and lead to tracheal collapse.*[49] There is a pos- sibility that physical strain on the neck might cause or contribute to trachea collapse. Since this is usually caused by an energetic Yorkie pulling against his collar, many veterinarians recommend use of a harness for leashed walks.*[48] An occasional “goose honking”cough, especially on exertion or excitement, is usually the first sign of this condition.*[48] Over time, the cough may become almost constant in the Yorkie's later life. Breathing through the obstruction of a collapsed (or partially collapsed) trachea for many years can re- sult in complications, including chronic lung disease. The coughing can be countered with cough suppressants and bronchodilators.*[48] If the collapse is advanced and unresponsive to medication, sometimes surgery can repair the trachea.*[48]

Hypoglycemia

Yorkshire Terrier portrait, trimmed

Low blood sugar in puppies, or transient juvenile hypoglycemia, is caused by fasting (too much time between meals).*[50] In rare cases hypoglycemia may continue to be a problem in mature, usually very small, Yorkies. It is often seen in 102.5. SIMILAR BREEDS AND CROSSES 457

Yorkshire Terrier trimmed

Yorkie puppies at 5 to 16 weeks of age.*[50] Very tiny Yorkie puppies are especially predisposed to hypoglycemia because a lack of muscle mass makes it difficult to store glucose and regulate blood sugar.*[50] Factors such as stress, fatigue, a cold environment, poor nutrition, and a change in diet or feeding schedule may bring on hypoglycemia.*[51] Low blood sugar can also be the result of a bacterial infection, parasite, or portosystemic liver shunt.*[52] Hypo- glycemia causes the puppy to become drowsy, listless (glassy-eyed), shaky, uncoordinated, since the brain relies on sugar to function. During a hypoglycemic attack, the puppy usually has very pale or grey gums.*[53] The puppy also may not eat unless force-fed.*[50] Hypoglycemia and dehydration seem to go hand-in-hand, and force-feeding or injecting fluids may also be necessary. Additionally, a hypoglycemic Yorkie may have a lower than normal body temperature and, in extreme cases, may have a seizure or go into a coma.*[54] A dog showing symptoms should be given sugar in the form of corn syrup or Nutri-Cal and be treated by a veterinarian immediately, as prolonged or recurring attacks of hypoglycemia can permanently damage the dog's brain.*[54] In severe cases it can be fatal.*[50]

102.4.2 Docking

Main article: Docking (dog)

Traditionally, the Yorkshire Terrier's tail is docked to a medium length.*[55] Opposition to this practice began very early in the history of the breed; Hugh Dalziel, writing about Yorkshire Terriers in 1878, declared that “There is no reason for mutilating pet dogs, and perfect ears and tails should be bred, not clipped into shape with scissors.” *[9] American Kennel Club and Canadian Kennel club still require the Yorkies tail be docked in order to compete at its events. The majority of the rest of the world has adopted a 'no docking/no cropping' rule. Often, a Yorkshire Terrier's dewclaws, if any, are removed in the first few days of life,*[17] another controversial practice.

102.5 Similar breeds and crosses

The Yorkshire Terrier breed descends from larger but similar Scottish breeds such as the now extinct Paisley Terrier and the Skye Terrier. In its turn, other breeds have been created from the Yorkshire Terrier, such as the Australian Silky Terrier, and the Biewer Terrier, bred from a blue, white, and gold puppy they later named Schneeflocken von 458 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Friedheck, by Mr. and Mrs. Biewer of Germany.*[56] Demand for unusual pets has resulted in high prices being paid for Yorkshire Terriers crossed with various other breeds, which are described with a portmanteau word made up of syllables (or sounds) from Yorkshire Terrier and the breed name of the other parent. A list of such portmanteau- named crosses can be found on the List of dog hybrids page.

102.6 “Teacup Yorkies”

A teacup Yorkshire Terrier

“Teacup” Yorkshire terriers is a term used to describe very small Yorkshire terriers. The AKC and other Kennel clubs do not acknowledge the Teacup as a variation of the breed or recognize it as a separate variety.*[57] Usually a teacup is any dog weighing less than 4 lbs (1.8 kg) when fully grown, when the actual breed standard is given at 7 lbs maximum. Breeding for “Teacup”is a controversial practice that is not encouraged by responsible breeders.*[58] A fashion pressure, they are bred to appeal with their puppy-like features, rather than bred to expel health issues. There is great risk to a dam (mother) during pregnancy who is too small, most of these litters are a result of cesarean sections and have a high mortality rate .*[59] There are many health issues associated with teacup dogs, such as luxating patella, heart disease, hydrocephalus, hypoglycemia, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, open fontanels and seizures.*[60]

102.7 Yorkie Gatherings

Yorkie owners are particularly proud of their dogs and relate well to other Yorkie owners. There are many gatherings of Yorkies throughout the world, but they are especially popular in New York City where there is a high concentration of Yorkies. On 14 September 2013 there was an attempt to create the largest ever gathering of Yorkies in one spot in New York City, called Yorkie Day.*[61]

102.8 Notability 102.8. NOTABILITY 459

A Yorkshire terrier being exhibited at a show. 460 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

102.8.1 Show dogs

• In 1997, Champion Ozmilion Mystification became the first Yorkie to win Best in Show at Crufts, the world's largest annual dog show.*[62]*[63]

102.8.2 Small dogs

• Sylvia, a matchbox-sized Yorkshire Terrier owned by Arthur Marples of Blackburn, England, was the smallest dog in recorded history. The dog died in 1945 when she was two years old, at which point she stood 2.5 inches tall at the shoulder, measured 3.5 inches from nose tip to tail, and weighed 4 ounces.*[64]*[65]

102.8.3 War dogs

• Smoky, a war dog and hero of World War II, was owned by William Wynne of Cleveland, Ohio. Wynne adopted Smoky while he was serving with the 5th Air Force in the Pacific.*[66]

102.8.4 White House dogs

• Pasha, Tricia Nixon Cox's pet Yorkie, lived in the White House during the Richard Nixon presidency.*[67]

102.9 See also

• Yorkshire • Ancient counties of England • Australian Silky Terrier • Dog breeding • Dog hybrid • Yorkipoo

102.10 References

[1] Schultz, Jacque Lynn (2004). “The Terrier Tyke With a Big Attitude”. ASPCA. Archived from the original on 30 December 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2007.

[2] oʼNeill, D. G.; Church, D. B.; McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Brodbelt, D. C. (2013). “Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England”. The Veterinary Journal. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020.

[3] “Get to Know the Yorkshire Terrier”, 'The American Kennel Club', retrieved 19 May 2014

[4] Weston, Lee. “Yorkshire Terrier History”. BarkBytes.com. Retrieved 25 February 2007.

[5] P. H. Combs in The American Book of the Dog, pg 443, edited by G. O. Shields, Rand, McNally & Company, Publishers, Chicago and New York 1891 no ISBN

[6] Mrs. A Foster of Bradford, England, quoted by James Watson in the Century Magazine in 1886; on page 441 of The American Book of the Dog, pg 454, edited by G. O. Shields, Rand, McNally & Company, Publishers, Chicago and New York 1891, no ISBN

[7] 1885 article by Ed. Bootman of Halifax, England was printed in The Stock-Keeper, detailing the breed's origins, discussed pg 441-442 The American Book of the Dog, edited by G. O. Shields, Rand, McNally & Company, Publishers, Chicago and New York 1891 no ISBN

[8] British dogs, their points, selection, and show preparation, by William D. Drury, pg 582 published 1903, L. Upcott Gill, London, and Charles Scribner's Sons, New York (no ISBN) Quote: “I think the Yorkshire gets the softness and length of coat due to Maltese blood”. 102.10. REFERENCES 461

[9] quoted in The dogs of the British Islands, by John Henry Walsh, The Filed, publisher, 1878, Third Edition, pg 213

[10] Clark, Anne Rogers; Brace, Andrew H. (1995). The International Encyclopedia of Dogs. Howell Book House. p. 484. ISBN 0-87605-624-9.

[11] 2006 art exhibition catalog“Best in Show, the Dog in Art from the Renaissance to Today”, notes by Edgar Peters Bowron, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-11588-1

[12] P. H. Combs in The American Book of the Dog, pg 454, edited by G. O. Shields, Rand, McNally & Company, Publishers, Chicago and New York 1891 no ISBN

[13] Caroline Coile, D. (2003). The Yorkshire Terrier Handbook. Hauppauge, New York, USA: Barron's Educational Series Inc. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7641-2585-0.

[14] “Yorkshire Terrier”. Yahoo! Pets. Archived from the original on 29 March 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2010.

[15] “Yorkies Have Their Year! Tiny Toy Overtakes Venerable Favorites - Golden Retriever and German Shepherd - as Second Most Popular Dog in America”. AKC News. 7 January 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2007.

[16]“Special Issue: Yorkshire Terrier”. Popular Dog Magazine. 2001.

[17] American Kennel Club Standard

[18] Kennel Club Standard

[19] quote: “A responsible breeder will not intentionally breed for undesirable traits.”

[20] “An Important Note About Colour in Yorkshire Terriers”, from the US national breed club

[21] Jeffrey Adelglass, M.D., ear, nose, throat and allergy information quote: “No dog is considered non-allergenic because all dogs produce dander, saliva, and urine which are the offending allergens.”

[22] Mayo Clinic, Pet allergy

[23] Grady, Denise (5 February 1997). “Nonallergenic Dog? Not Really”. New York Times. Retrieved 1 February 2014.

[24] Wash, John. “Yorkshire Terrier”. NetPets. Retrieved 21 February 2007.

[25] The Dogs of the British Islands, pg 212, by John Henry Walsh, The Filed publisher, 1878, Third Edition

[26] “Parti-Color Yorkshire Terriers? ", from the US national breed club

[27] Bowling, Sue. “Coat Color Genetics - Brown Locus”. Sue Ann Bowling.

[28] Biewer club. In 2007 The Biewer Terrier Club of America, Inc. disallowed Yorkshire Terrier to Biewer Terrier breeding in order to produce a purebred breed of Biewer Terrier.

[29] Disqualification Directive, 26 September 2007

[30] The American book of the Dog, edited by G. O. Shields, Rand, McNally & Company, Publishers, Chicago and New York, 1891, no ISBN. Section on the Yorkshire written by P. H. Combs

[31] “Official Standard of the Yorkshire Terrier”. Yorkshire Terrier Club of America. Retrieved January 29, 2015.

[32] Coren, Stanley (2006). The Intelligence of Dogs. London, UK: Pocket Books. ISBN 978-1-4165-0287-6.

[33] Lane, Marion (2001). The Yorkshire Terrier: An Owner's Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet, Second Edition, Howell Book House - Wiley Publishing, Inc., ISBN 0-87605-477-7.

[34] “Yorkie Skin Problems”. yorkieinfocenter.com. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

[35] Nye, Sock. “When Do Yorkie Puppies Lose Their Teeth?". Sock Nye. Retrieved 13 March 2012.

[36] Van Dalsum, Jeff. “Different Stages of Puppy Dental Development”. Jeff Van Dalsum. Retrieved 20 June 2012.

[37] Nye, Sock. “Retained Deciduous or Baby Teeth”. Sock Nye. Retrieved 13 March 2012.

[38] “Caring For Your Yorkshire Terrier: Common Health Problems”. Retrieved 13 March 2011.

[39] “Hereditary and Congenital Diseases of Purebred Dogs” (PDF). Kansas State University. Retrieved 13 March 2007.

[40] Schultz, Jacque Lynn (2004). “The Terrier Tyke With a Big Attitude”. ASPCA. Retrieved 10 March 2007. 462 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

[41] Distichiasis Can Damage Corneas in Cavaliers, Cavalier Health, 2007, retrieved 4 March 2007

[42] Linville, Robert L. (6 March 2006). “Breed Predisposition to Disease and Congenital Conditions”. Dr. Bob's All Creatures Site. Retrieved 13 March 2007.

[43] Degner, Danial (2004). “Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (or Legg-Perthes disease)". Vet Surgery Central Inc. Retrieved 4 March 2007.

[44] Voit, Pam. “Legg Perthe's Disease: What you Should Know”. Retrieved 4 March 2007.

[45] Degner, Danial (2004). “Femoral Head and Neck Excision”. Vet Surgery Central Inc. Retrieved 4 March 2007.

[46] Foster, Race; Smith, Marty (2007). “Luxating Patella”. PetEducation.com. Retrieved 5 March 2007.

[47] “Portosystemic Shunt”. Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals. ufaw.org.uk: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Retrieved 10 February 2015.

[48] Degner, Danial (2004). “Tracheal Collapse”. Vet Surgery Central Inc. Retrieved 4 March 2007.

[49] Cushing's Disease in Cavaliers

[50] “Hypoglycemia symptoms and treatment”. Go Pets America. Retrieved 10 March 2007.

[51] O'Neil, Jacqueline (2007). “Dealing with Your Chihuahua's Health Issues (Adapted from Chihuahuas for Dummies)". Dummies.com. Retrieved 10 March 2007.

[52] Brooks, Wendy C. (31 July 2005). “Toy Breed Hypoglycemia”. VeterinaryPartner.com. Retrieved 10 March 2007.

[53] Yorkies of Walnut Hill, Yorkie Hypoglycemia, http://www.yorkiesllc.com/yorkieinfo/yorkiehypoglycemia.html Accessed 8 June 2009.

[54] Weston, Lee. “Hypoglycemia”. Pomeranian Club of Canada. Retrieved 10 March 2007.

[55] “FCI-Standard”. Retrieved 7 September 2012.

[56] “Biewer Terrier Standard”. Biewer Terrier Club of America. Retrieved 21 December 2009.

[57] “Yorkie Size”. www.yorkieinfocenter.com. Retrieved 2 July 2014.

[58] “Characteristics of Teacup Yorkies”. www.dummies.com. Retrieved 2 July 2014.

[59] “What Is the Different Between a Toy Yorkie & Teacup Yorkie?". pets.thenest.com. Retrieved 2 July 2014.

[60] “Cuteness Kills: The Case Against Teacup Dogs”. www.terriblyterrier.com. Retrieved 2 July 2014.

[61] Yorkie Day 2013: http://www.yorkieday.com

[62] “Crufts Best in Show Roll of Honour 1990 - 1999”. The Kennel Club. 7 August 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 7 March 2007.

[63] Linzy, Jan (2003). Yorkshire Terrier Champions, 1994-2001. Camino E E & Book Co. ISBN 1-55893-108-2.

[64] Choron, Sandra; Choron, Harry (2005). Planet Dog: A Doglopedia. Houghton Mifflin. p. 92. ISBN 0-618-51752-9.

[65] Barr, Tracy; Veling, Peter F. (20 August 2004). Yorkshire Terriers for Dummies. For Dummies. ISBN 0-7645-6880-9.

[66] Wynne, Bill. “Smoky 'Corporal Smoky' United States Army/Air Corps”. PatsyAnn.com. Retrieved 15 February 2007.

[67] “Time & Again: White House Pets”. MSNBC. 1998. Archived from the original on 21 October 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2007.

102.11 External links

• Yorkshire Terrier at DMOZ 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 463

102.12 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

102.12.1 Text

• Russell Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Terrier?oldid=655824850 Contributors: Edward, Elf, Quadell, Drbrezn- jev, Vanished user dfvkjmet9jweflkmdkcn234, Yamamoto Ichiro, Ian Pitchford, Gaius Cornelius, Everyguy, Mais oui!, SmackBot, Gs- dlova, Hmains, Chris the speller, Ctbolt, Rrburke, Nwwaew, Pharaoh Hound, Mfield, Daniel5127, Wafulz, Eric, Cydebot, Casliber, RobotG, Instinct, Magioladitis, Steven Walling, MJT P.D., DerHexer, MartinBot, J.delanoy, SpigotMap, Jackaranga, Vistarr, Patricia McLeod, Russellsterrier, MWilsonDVM, Oh Snap, Steven Weston, Gbawden, JRTNETWORK, Barliner, Merotoker1, UKCDogs, Im- ageRemovalBot, ClueBot, Mild Bill Hiccup, Iohannes Animosus, Life of Riley, Yobot, Bunnyhop11, AnomieBOT, LilHelpa, Anna Frodesiak, Miyagawa, Wifione, HamburgerRadio, Calmer Waters, Full-date unlinking bot, Dustinabby, Tilers, Jeanbrown78, John of Reading, Russellterrier1985, Shortrussellterriers100, Vaniaa8, Peaceray, Prtwsv, Brandmeister, ClueBot NG, Kingtekno, Jk2q3jrklse, MerlIwBot, ChinaChuck, Fylbecatulous, Vvven, Calliejo53, Chris troutman, Sowelljan, Wakethesun and Anonymous: 81 • Saarloos wolfdog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saarloos_wolfdog?oldid=650704901 Contributors: Sannse, Smack, Dysprosia, Robbot, Fabiform, Elf, Johnkeuning, ChicXulub, Oknazevad, Anthony Appleyard, Trysha, Velella, Marudubshinki, FreplySpang, Bre- men, Astronaut, FlaBot, Pavlo Shevelo, Hannu83, RobotE, Hede2000, Dysmorodrepanis~enwiki, Muu-karhu, Mareklug, Tekana, Jimk- ing, TheY4Kman, Fightindaman, SmackBot, Pwt898, Reedy, Gsdlova, Rheostatik, Bigsteeve, Yozakura~enwiki, Pharaoh Hound, Os- sipewsk, Tubezone, R9tgokunks, Cydebot, Dusty relic, SilverSnake, Coaster1983, Nelsonismyhero, Afabbro, .anacondabot, Magiola- ditis, Steven Walling, Scottalter, CommonsDelinker, Tikiwont, LordAnubisBOT, Teodor605, VolkovBot, SieBot, Thepicman, Hxh- bot, Seedbot, Chrisrus, ClueBot, Alexbot, Palindromedairy, Dana boomer, Exhaustfumes, Chimchar monferno, Zadduel86, Silvonen- Bot, Kbdankbot, MatthewVanitas, Addbot, Lightbot, Luckas-bot, Ptbotgourou, JordanWray, Rubinbot, Sniperhail, Isablidine, Dhidalgo, Kr0n05931, Xqbot, GrouchoBot, Shadowjams, MastiBot, Kgrad, Ejgreen77, Gaby84, Theus PR, Sagaciousphil, Iketsi, ClueBot NG, Ik99, Xenophonix, Jk2q3jrklse, Vvven, Die Rowen, Zaldax, Imulot, Johan Berends, Jdmcnew and Anonymous: 58 • Sabueso Español Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabueso_Espa%C3%B1ol?oldid=608121607 Contributors: Hmains, Uhanu, VolkovBot, SieBot, WereSpielChequers, Hafwyn, Auntof6, SchreiberBike, MystBot, Addbot, Yobot, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Venerock, FrescoBot, Lucien- BOT, EmausBot, John of Reading, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, ClubSabuesoEspañol, DTabCam, Vvven, Khazar2 and Anonymous: 3 • Saint-Usuge Spaniel Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Usuge_Spaniel?oldid=636993262 Contributors: Wetman, Art LaPella, Resolute, Chris the speller, CommonsDelinker, Addbot, Miyagawa, LucienBOT, SunOfErat, ZéroBot, RafikiSykes, Makecat-bot, Caval- ryman V31 and Anonymous: 5 • Sakhalin Husky Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakhalin_Husky?oldid=656985784 Contributors: Derek Ross, Modeha, Elf, John Vandenberg, Trysha, Woohookitty, Apokryltaros, SmackBot, Nihonjoe, Bluebot, SirIsaacBrock, CmdrObot, Slazenger, Babayaga~enwiki, Coaster1983, BiroZombie, SakhalinHuskyMan, Black Mamba, CommonsDelinker, Mr.sparkle1, Tgeairn, Octopus-Hands, TXiKiBoT, Gune, Ensyc, Yintan, Dipa1965, ClueBot, Chessy999, Nickersonl, 7&6=thirteen, XLinkBot, Addbot, Eichikiyama, Lightbot, AnomieBOT, Dhidalgo, Miyagawa, ZéroBot, IvanIp, Toyohara, ClueBot NG, BG19bot, Capacitive, Konayuuki, Justincheng12345-bot, B swan01, Huskylover8, Tigerpawsvsgaming, Editor abcdef and Anonymous: 25 • Saluki Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saluki?oldid=663213930 Contributors: LarsErikKolden, Karen Johnson, Sannse, Ahoerste- meier, Dale Arnett, Gidonb, Matt Gies, Elf, ChicXulub, RobinCarmody, Sonjaaa, Quadell, Mustafaa, Mike Rosoft, Pasquale, Lachatde- larue, ESkog, Armanvaziri, TheProject, Trysha, Bonzo, Drbreznjev, Kitch, Natalya, Hoziron, Hailey C. Shannon, Graham87, Bremen, Matt Deres, Baldbobbo, Ucucha, FlaBot, Chobot, Bgwhite, Netbios, Vmenkov, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, RobotE, RussBot, Gaius Cornelius, Johnny Pez, Badagnani, LiamE, Tsk070, Bobyllib, Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry, Sarefo, SmackBot, Pwt898, Unschool, Gsdlova, Hmains, Quadratic, Andy M. Wang, Rrburke, Arab Hafez, Jwy, Fitzhugh, Phrique, Yozakura~enwiki, Kukini, Swatjester, Zooterkin, Celestialaly12, A. Parrot, Willy turner, Waggers, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Pejman47, JYi, JoeBot, Bruinfan12, JFor- get, CmdrObot, Cydebot, Ltshears, Thijs!bot, Qwyrxian, Jagwire, Partir~enwiki, Nelsonismyhero, Poghia, Uvaphdman, Fayenatic lon- don, J'onn J'onzz, JAnDbot, Sanskritg, Parsnip13, NE2, Coreydragon, Omicom, Gavia immer, VoABot II, Lmbhull, Foxpen, BrianGV, The cattr, War wizard90, Ranjbary, Mschel, CommonsDelinker, Mausy5043, J.delanoy, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Emadboctor, Kemiv, Minesweeper.007, Potatoswatter, VolkovBot, AlnoktaBOT, Kaliope~enwiki, Lots42, ^demonBot2, Soundake, Agharo, Crispy park, Lo- gan, Salukis9, SieBot, Stanning, Seethaki, AngelOfSadness, Wilhelmina Will, S2000magician, Roaming Tazi, Danieltiger45, Baney60, Denisarona, YakovSmirnoff263, History55, Wpd101, Wolfie the Marshmallow, ClueBot, Hafspajen, StigBot, Historyfirst, Skyschemer, Cheriefehr, Time for action, RuahMidbar, Truthbeforenationalism, Lartoven, Lemg2, Ouedbirdwatcher, Razorflame, DumZiBoT, Shawn- regan, Ambeanerxcore, Rickremember, XLinkBot, Fastily, Animal-Crazy-Sam, HexaChord, Addbot, Khamsa saluqis, Aaronjhill, Kall- supen, Ahmad2099, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Momoricks, BellatrixKidriver, Flewis, ArthurBot, Tux-Man, KevinH22, Philip72, Locobot, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, Maingauche, DrilBot, Symplectic Map, Ras67, Optimus2g, 777sms, Proki, Tbhotch, Mean as custard, EmausBot, Logical Cowboy, Angrytoast, GoingBatty, Sagaciousphil, Pedrram, 00Muslim00, Spicemix, ClueBot NG, Mouh2jijel, Rezabot, Cop- perSquare, Jk2q3jrklse, MerlIwBot, RafikiSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, Curb Chain, BG19bot, Redgunamo, CitationCleanerBot, Hinger25, Clayton.black, TheAwesomeWrath, Aecrane, KMWarwick, HistoryofIran, Soranoch, Reality2013, Cloudtree, Sportsguy17, Lasaluki, Français anonyme, Monkbot, Filedelinkerbot, Yboroon, Antif2nd and Anonymous: 242 • Samoyed (dog) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed_(dog)?oldid=663932912 Contributors: Isis~enwiki, Hephaestos, Olivier, Kchishol1970, 172, Sannse, Adam Bishop, Lfh, Grendelkhan, Pakaran, Altenmann, Academic Challenger, DocWatson42, Elf, Snow- dog, Iceberg3k, ChicXulub, SoWhy, RobinCarmody, Zerbey, JHCC, Sandra8529, Discospinster, Cdyson37, Kwamikagami, RoyBoy, Jpgordon, Bobo192, Pinky13666, AKGhetto, Zetawoof, Sungun, Alansohn, Trysha, SidP, Bonzo, Gmaxwell, Boothy443, Woohookitty, Graham87, Rjwilmsi, Angusmclellan, Bremen, Maurog, Ian Pitchford, GreenLocust, Russavia, Chobot, YurikBot, Borgx, TexasAndroid, FrenchIsAwesome, Chris Capoccia, Samoyed, Stephenb, Cinik, Tekana, Shirley Ku, Harlockhero, Tevildo, Thomas Blomberg, SmackBot, Reedy, PrzemekL, AndreasJS, Rojomoke, Ohnoitsjamie, Squiddy, Baa, Leoniceno, Gaddy1975, ConMan, Phrique, Yozakura~enwiki, Pi- lotguy, SirIsaacBrock, ArglebargleIV, Avitya, Gobonobo, FireInMySoul, Joelmills, Swearinger, IronGargoyle, Mr Stephen, TastyPoutine, Dodo bird, Ixthewiz, JohnCD, Funnyfarmofdoom, Nauticashades, Cydebot, Alfirin, The Real Jean-Luc, Coaster1983, NorwegianBlue, Mentifisto, Deflective, Stella luna, VoABot II, KConWiki, Chillrat, Welahloo, MartinBot, Tgeairn, Katalaveno, Ozestrange, Krasniy, Ju- liancolton, BioStu, Richard New Forest, Idioma-bot, Iainse, ABF, Thisisborin9, Indubitably, Lear's Fool, Puck Deschanel, TXiKiBoT, Dotunga, ANNAfoxlover, Papa Ul, Appleinfl, Imbris, SieBot, Tresiden, Dwane E Anderson, Furiizaa, Fratrep, Bastardx, ImageRe- movalBot, Hafwyn, Atif.t2, ClueBot, Botanybob, Hafspajen, Niceguyedc, Nickersonl, Stepshep, Ghujik, Alexbot, Polarbearchampion, SarahFish, Polly, Shawnregan, GM Pink Elephant, Liljalelie, XLinkBot, Aaron north, Educito, BodhisattvaBot, Blankshot218, Ravello 464 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

99, Laura japs, Kbdankbot, Addbot, Kisbesbot, JoeDynamo, NewfZ, Jarble, Killy mcgee, Angrysockhop, Luckas-bot, Yobot, 2D, Ame- liorationBot, Aussieluver90, AnomieBOT, Jim1138, Sp..andreea, Piano non troppo, Chokolatte, Glenfarclas, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, Mate- rialscientist, Citation bot, LydiaPed, ArthurBot, FreeRangeFrog, Xqbot, Capricorn42, Jeffrey Mall, Lexington713, ASCIASA, Jjfrosty7, KashiraTarzhet, SassoBot, The Interior, Miyagawa, DoctorHarris21, Nekojx, FrescoBot, D'ohBot, Andyman14, Jkolsen, DrilBot, Ash- ergben, Pinethicket, BusyBeingJack, Kgrad, Orenburg1, 777sms, Typeretype, Ripchip Bot, Michmallow7, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, Chat2rat, Antigrav01, Tommy2010, Samoyedpuppy, Fæ, Belzerkr, Sagaciousphil, Theclickagency, ClueBot NG, Jack Greenmaven, Eynsteinn, Ba9ag, Rezabot, Keetanii, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, Crystalgirl123, MusikAnimal, Altaïr, Ludi0423, MisterMorton, Prof. Squirrel, Crystalgirl460, Dexbot, TheIrishWarden, Thebossisback, 069952497a, Ikohugo, B14709, Milenawajda, Princevegetaofallsaiyans, Itoliviaaaa, CogitoErgoSum14, Kcc1996, Filedelinkerbot, 110luly, Gswi06 and Anonymous: 357 • Sapsali Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapsali?oldid=644518239 Contributors: Sannse, Elf, Quill, Trysha, Arthena, Rjwilmsi, Flowerparty, SmackBot, Reedy, Adrigon, Crossmr, Vortex Dragon, Thijs!bot, Llencyclopediall, SkinnyV, Chrisrus, Hafspajen, Alexbot, Shawnregan, Dthomsen8, Addbot, First Light, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Frankenpuppy, LilHelpa, Xqbot, GrouchoBot, Miyagawa, George2001hi, Kang cjk, SunOfErat, Talory, Mark Arsten, Sawol, Hergilei, Sminthopsis84, Chelistaminnie, Liz and Anonymous: 16 • Šarplaninac Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac?oldid=660256122 Contributors: Paul Barlow, Mdupont, Sannse, Docu, William M. Connolley, Александър, Nikai, Jiang, Nikola Smolenski, Ditkoofseppala, Dysprosia, Topbanana, Joy, Vergina~enwiki, Chris 73, Elf, Varlaam, Icairns, Kevyn, ESkog, Jpgordon, Directorstratton, Obradovic Goran, Anthony Appleyard, Trysha, Feezo, Bo- brayner, Woohookitty, PoccilScript, Bremen, Missmarple, Ev, Kedadi, RussBot, Eleassar, Megistias, Dysmorodrepanis~enwiki, Gad- get850, Tekana, Mirosla, Wsiegmund, Edrigu, SmackBot, Reedy, Arny, Opaca, Andyzweb, Chris the speller, SSJ 5, F382d56d7a18630cf764a5b576ea1b4810467238, Snori, Bitola, Serbon~enwiki, OrphanBot, Jmlk17, Politis, Ged UK, Ohconfucius, SashatoBot, Traceywashere, GrigorG, Plxstic Orgasms, Pharaoh Hound, Medule, Hu12, Iridescent, Ilir pz, Andrija.b, Arianit, JForget, Gorazd~enwiki, Caronna, Future Perfect at Sunrise, Ma- triX, Khatru2, DumbBOT, Hubba, Seicer, Thijs!bot, Escarbot, Luna Santin, Vanjagenije, Txomin, Verkapiperka, .anacondabot, Magio- laditis, Avicennasis, FlieGerFaUstMe262, Frightner, J.delanoy, Keesiewonder, Skier Dude, Hennessey, Patrick, Tygrrr, OHWiki, June- Gloom07, Cú Faoil, Laveol, Calineed, Imbris, Bulldoger, AlleborgoBot, Istojic, SieBot, Jingiby, Triwbe, Meelosh NS~enwiki, Taulant23, Nefariousski, Chrisrus, Prevalis, NightBlade234, N Jordan, Dzigor, Obiwan Binx, Hafwyn, Dobermannp, Chris G Bot, ClueBot, Drmies, Hafspajen, Cirt, DragonBot, Alexbot, Ireland101, 7&6=thirteen, Mikaey, Thehelpfulone, IJA, BalkanFever, Brambleberry of RiverClan, Local hero, Shawnregan, Raso mk, Airplaneman, Lorikrexhepi, Addbot, Granitismaili, Mike Babic, User1389, Gollak, Queenmomcat, Fluffernutter, LaaknorBot, CarsracBot, Debresser, ChenzwBot, Ballkanhistory, Albnaian, DinoBot2, Yobot, EfkoMKD~enwiki, Yng- vadottir, Backslash Forwardslash, AnomieBOT, Collieuk, Illyriandescendant, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, Potočnik, Dardan Miftari, Newhost19, Stanovc, F.Pavkovic, Miyagawa, Rinor Kryeziu, FkpCascais, Tomica, BenzolBot, Nolerepovac, Interestedinfairness, I dream of horses, Getoar TX, KAPITALIST88, Supreme Deliciousness, Vinie007, Winterqueen, Euriditi, Albania12345, Kelvin Samuel, Illyricum Scardus, Mono, Askakun, Plattner19, Nole21, Dovlapan, ZjarriRrethues, Sagaciousphil, Ali Pasha, BwburkeLetsPlays, Gio Bianconeri, Kondor86, Martin gurini, Шарпланинец, Tetrebus, ClueBot NG, GranitAlbana, 2z, Frietjes, R530, Mirel1994, BG19bot, Ymblanter, Rijinatwiki, MoravaiDrina, Mogism, REÇ, Skipetari, Dirifer, Sam Sailor, Divlja Jagoda, Ujkrieger, Armuseha, Phill24th, Negrocos, S Jev, Zakoni, Sarplaninac Kennel, Shqpsh, Ena22, VikAlZare and Anonymous: 211 • Schapendoes Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schapendoes?oldid=602544852 Contributors: Edward, Lfh, Xyzzyva, Gene Nygaard, Tbjornstad, Graham87, BD2412, Fnorp, Garion96, SmackBot, MER-C, Cyfal, Hafwyn, Addbot, LaaknorBot, Lightbot, Luckas-bot, Zx- abot, DSisyphBot, SassoBot, FrescoBot, Ashergben, EmausBot, Theus PR, ZéroBot, East of Borschov, ClueBot NG, Cntras, Jk2q3jrklse, Bordercolliez, Vvven, Wikidoes and Anonymous: 8 • Schillerstövare Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schillerst%C3%B6vare?oldid=643861630 Contributors: Hmains, Eastfrisian, Fu- nandtrvl, TXiKiBoT, Hafwyn, Tomas e, Melon247, Addbot, Yobot, Dhidalgo, Penn Station, LucienBOT, Bordercolliez, Vvven, Jacob- holmqvist and Anonymous: 2 • Schipperke Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schipperke?oldid=662961828 Contributors: Sannse, Kingturtle, Cdegroot, Michael Re- ,Danski14, Alansohn ,לערי ריינהארט ,iter, DocWatson42, Elf, Edcolins, ChicXulub, Joyous!, Hapsiainen, Mbroooks, Kwamikagami Trysha, Yeu Ninje, Wtmitchell, Leoadec, Woohookitty, KevinOKeeffe, Mandarax, Graham87, Bremen, Vary, DoubleBlue, Leithp, FlaBot, Antikon, Chobot, Bgwhite, YurikBot, Nicke L, HeroicJay, Tekana, 2over0, NickelShoe, SmackBot, Reedy, Hmains, Tim- Bentley, DMacks, Yozakura~enwiki, Will Beback, FireInMySoul, Konklone, Pharaoh Hound, Mykalfunk, Dodo bird, Makeemlighter, R9tgokunks, Cydebot, Ltshears, Tewapack, Coaster1983, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Seaphoto, Dcorzine, Deflective, Bcsr4ever, Steven Walling, Kornfan71, WFinch, Jeyradan, Flyingidiot, TXiKiBoT, Caloke, Wandrr, Meters, SieBot, Gemfields, Logarkh, Fred Birchmore, Seedbot, Roofbird, Hafwyn, ClueBot, The Thing That Should Not Be, Paddysa, SoxBot III, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Wikiuser100, Sil- vonenBot, Mooredesigns, Addbot, Glane23, West.andrew.g, Lightbot, Waltloc, Legobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Sloscheider, AnomieBOT, Momoricks, DemocraticLuntz, Socalgal51, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, Materialscientist, Milo0307, GB fan, Toru-Inu, Xqbot, Auntieruth55, Miyagawa, Cinnimonroll, Ashergben, SmartyBoots, 777sms, Oberonfitch, Slon02, GeneralCheese, Lpatrick0565, Sagaciousphil, Animal- writer, Hanny0532, ClueBot NG, CReep, HazelAB, Qbgeekjtw, Dolores skowronek, Altaïr, Bordercolliez, Anbu121, Vvven, BattyBot, 069952497a, Oops3, Ugog Nizdast, Osbournehutch, ORTHO PRO ECUADOR, Layfi, Hunchback874, Woodstockboy22, ZaraAlston and Anonymous: 145 • Standard Schnauzer Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Schnauzer?oldid=661782081 Contributors: D, Menchi, DocWat- son42, Elf, Karl-Henner, DMG413, Bender235, Cacophony, Senori, Trysha, Deadworm222, Bonzo, Woohookitty, Bremen, Varnav, CLW, Garion96, Groyolo, SmackBot, Arny, Chris the speller, Bluebot, Yozakura~enwiki, Kukini, Mr Stephen, Pharaoh Hound, Cm- drObot, Erikeltic, Musicnotwar, Cydebot, BlueAg09, Ning-ning, Gamer007, Xfpisher, Mr Bungle, JAnDbot, Corris68, Carabellagp, Ma- gioladitis, J.delanoy, Mazu tsai, AntiSpamBot, Nwbeeson, Alvaro qc, Deor, Miss.inky.nz, Kww, Katahdinss, Sideshowstanley, Cgoodall, SheepNotGoats, Seedbot, Hafwyn, Sfan00 IMG, Smitty73, Drmies, Bokan, Gokathymac, Parkwells, Schnzr, DeletedUser00, Berean Hunter, Jack Bauer00, Shawnregan, Scorese, APBTgirl, Addbot, Eleventh11th, Peti610botH, Divedeeper, WikiDreamer Bot, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, BlackRaspberry, Ulric1313, Flewis, Dhidalgo, ArthurBot, LilHelpa, Obersachsebot, Xqbot, Dogothos, Mlpearc, Penn Sta- tion, Blackbird1268, DrilBot, Madwren, Blissern, Gennyie43, Vrenator, Erika Morup, EmausBot, John of Reading, Racerx11, Yolanda- Heath, Hugh Grest, Sagaciousphil, Gareth Griffith-Jones, Eynsteinn, Justlettersandnumbers, Markan80, MerlIwBot, Vvven, Mr Kwiecin- ski and Anonymous: 93 • Schweizer Laufhund Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweizer_Laufhund?oldid=540737920 Contributors: Attilios, SmackBot, M-le-mot-dit, ELLusKa 86, Cú Faoil, GijsvdL, Michaelsbll, P.Marlow, DragonBot, John Jason Junior, Addbot, CXCV, Evanlouis12345, Kelvin Samuel, Ejgreen77, WikitanvirBot, ZéroBot, Pvdkiebo, Jk2q3jrklse and Anonymous: 2 • Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweizerischer_Niederlaufhund?oldid=580866670 Contribu- tors: FlaBot, Hafwyn, Melon247, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Dhidalgo, CXCV, Ejgreen77 and Bfire.27 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 465

• Scotch Collie Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_Collie?oldid=650632402 Contributors: Elf, Neutrality, Ypacaraí, Smalljim, Anthony Appleyard, AnmaFinotera, Bgwhite, Tim1965, Leoni2, Niera, Joelmills, Mr Stephen, DangerousPanda, CmdrObot, Coaster1983, JamesAM, JAnDbot, KConWiki, Palatkwapi, Ben MacDui, R'n'B, Richard New Forest, Fratrep, Dylan620, Dthomsen8, Musik PONs, Addbot, Colliesrtops, Ben Ben, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, LilHelpa, Daviddengcn, George2001hi, FrescoBot, EmausBot, Wikipelli, Tavington-dash, ClueBot NG, Eynsteinn, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, Nirame, AmericanFarmCollie, Vvven, MaryJKR, Français anonyme, Jodi H., Julietdeltalima, Jdmcnew and Anonymous: 13 • Scottish Deerhound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Deerhound?oldid=651319993 Contributors: LarsErikKolden, Amil- lar, Karen Johnson, Sannse, Charles Matthews, Matt Gies, Nmg20, Elf, ChicXulub, RobinCarmody, D6, YUL89YYZ, Trysha, Velella, Bonzo, Woohookitty, MartyHeyman, Graham87, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, FlaBot, AndrzejzHelu, Benvenuto, Sarranduin, Epolk, Rincewind42, Moe Epsilon, Zwobot, Tekana, Jason Schlumbohm, Kevin, Mais oui!, SmackBot, Reedy, Moralis, Chris the speller, Manchild, Or- phanBot, Smooth O, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Attys, Estormiz, EarthFurst, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Floridan, MikeHobday, Blu- fawn, Cydebot, Ltshears, Thijs!bot, Richard Hawkins, AntiVandalBot, Mutt Lunker, JaGa, Ben MacDui, DBlomgren, J.delanoy, Rick Buzzin, Bovineboy2008, TXiKiBoT, GijsvdL, Ailidh, VVVBot, Lachrie, ImageRemovalBot, Hafwyn, ClueBot, Hafspajen, Bramble- berry of RiverClan, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, Steep5, XLinkBot, Prof Wrong, Addbot, TySoltaur, WuBot, Damplips, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, ArthurBot, Mariomassone, Capricorn42, DSisyphBot, GrouchoBot, Miyagawa, UberMitch, FrescoBot, Lu- cienBOT, Joeprindl, Vincenzo80, Orenburg1, Altes2009, EmausBot, Tjhiggin, Chris Hafod, The Blade of the Northern Lights, Wings- GoesWiki, SporkBot, Richlitt, ChuispastonBot, GermanJoe, Alan creelman, CReep, Andesaa, RafikiSykes, Nirame, Shaun, Vvven, Chris- Gualtieri, Aguilasainz, Malcolm Goff and Anonymous: 82 • Scottish Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Terrier?oldid=663813115 Contributors: Tedernst, Sannse, Ogmios~enwiki, Angela, Darkwind, Auric, Hadal, Elf, Koyn~enwiki, Michael Devore, ChicXulub, Sonjaaa, OwenBlacker, DragonflySixtyseven, Neutral- ,Krellis, Alansohn, Anthony Appleyard, Trysha, Hu, Scott5114, Velella ,לערי ריינהארט ,ity, Xezbeth, Purplefeltangel, Sfahey, Orlady Randy Johnston, Bonzo, Alai, Firsfron, Alvis, Woohookitty, JBellis, Hailey C. Shannon, Mb1000, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, Cww, Emt409, MarnetteD, Bmpower, Nihiltres, Maltmomma, YurikBot, Rtkat3, Hede2000, Stephenb, Gaius Cornelius, Bullzeye, Ejdzej, Lipothymia, Wangi, Tekana, Warfreak, Closedmouth, TonyTheTerrier, Mais oui!, Garion96, Junglecat, SDS, Veinor, Reedy, KnowledgeOfSelf, C.Fred, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, Chris the speller, Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg, Baa, Gaddy1975, Ams627, Yozakura~enwiki, D3j4vu, Ekm02001, Joelmills, Hanii Puppy, Smedlorificus, SQGibbon, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Smudger2, JohnnyTwain, Gungadin, J Di, Chiaman280, IronChris, Lbr123, CmdrObot, Grissomgirl, WeggeBot, J-boogie, Cydebot, Dusty relic, Thijs!bot, Kfbrock, Scot- tbmx01, RuED~enwiki, JAnDbot, Robina Fox, J-stan, F1arez, Magioladitis, VoABot II, Steven Walling, Daemonic Kangaroo, Ben Mac- Dui, J.delanoy, Purplegurl2293, Twriley, Belovedfreak, Hughtcool, White 720, Smeargle2, Iqlia, Thatwayliesmadness, Littleolive oil, VolkovBot, Indubitably, Terrierterrific, Ntclark, Rei-bot, Louiseann76, Rasman102, Wikinista, RadiantRay, Tikuko, Falcon8765, Why Not A Duck, Logan, Michaelsbll, Memo232, Barrympls, SieBot, Caulde, Newrkv, UKCDogs, Boisblaireau, NicolasJz, Macy, Motyka, ClueBot, Tblong, Hafspajen, Member - Society of Dog Lovers, Arunsingh16, Jasta186, Tyler, Footballfan190, Mkrolewski, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, PseudoOne, Rror, Username95, Cam139, Addbot, Jojhutton, MightyBooshAholic, EjsBot, Pug power, Walnuts go kapow, Tide rolls, Lightbot, WuBot, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, VengeancePrime, FamFragoso42, Ptbotgourou, TaBOT-zerem, Candle- stickmaker, QueenCake, Aussieluver90, Five-pygmies, AnomieBOT, Puertorico1, Jim1138, Piano non troppo, Chuckiesdad, Wintertj, Mokoniki, Citation bot, Xqbot, Factsofus, Punkyfish3000, Auntieruth55, HamBone.2009, Miyagawa, Spongefrog, Modernpast, Simple Bob, Pinethicket, BigHattMan, Full-date unlinking bot, Adri91897, Scotty487, RjwilmsiBot, Mariocsanchez, EmausBot, YolandaHeath, PatriciaAnn1992, ZéroBot, Scottish Terriers, Sagaciousphil, H3llBot, L Kensington, ClueBot NG, BarrelProof, Widr, About7mice, Doglover33, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, Mishelli65, Helpful Pixie Bot, Yaksha88, CitationCleanerBot, The Light Burns, Fylbecatulous, Vvven, Voganrl, Zeroyon01, Rlvogan, Mbohl, Canarian, LatinCultureTodat, Mgct1506, Tortie tude, Theveravee, Sowelljan, Monkbot, Pointchester, Dda308, Solutions 2015 and Anonymous: 205 • Sealyham Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealyham_Terrier?oldid=635925269 Contributors: Rmhermen, Sannse, Angela, Elf, Chowbok, Trysha, Saga City, RJFJR, The JPS, Hailey C. Shannon, GraemeLeggett, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, FlaBot, Maltmomma, Bg- white, Tevildo, Reedy, Quidam65, Baa, Yozakura~enwiki, SirIsaacBrock, Pharaoh Hound, Hogyn Lleol, Dodo bird, Cydebot, Ebyabe, Dr. Blofeld, Steven Walling, Belanidia, Shawn in Montreal, Illyria x, TXiKiBoT, ^demonBot2, GijsvdL, SieBot, Yintan, UKCDogs, Vio- laine2, Hafwyn, Hafspajen, XLinkBot, Addbot, Adrianwest, Bulbs8, Lightbot, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Ptbotgourou, AnomieBOT, Xqbot, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, D'ohBot, LittleWink, Jonesey95, Updatehelper, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, GA bot, ZéroBot, Sagacious- phil, ClueBot NG, Mummy-whale, Bentaiki, Doglover33, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, MathewTownsend, Jonny Nixon, Lugia2453, Jamesx12345, Ivor12345 and Anonymous: 41 • Segugio Italiano Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segugio_Italiano?oldid=610290891 Contributors: David Gerard, Gene Nygaard, Joke137, FlaBot, OpenToppedBus, Bgwhite, CambridgeBayWeather, Attilios, Algont, Chris the speller, Yohan euan o4, Pharaoh Hound, Pleple2000, Ltshears, Thijs!bot, VolkovBot, FlagSteward, SieBot, A ntv, Avalik, MystBot, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, RibotBOT, To- beBot, Altes2009, ZéroBot, BG19bot, Vvven, Ebdòmero, MadGuy7023, Canarian and Anonymous: 4 • Seppala Siberian Sleddog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seppala_Siberian_Sleddog?oldid=617307592 Contributors: XJaM, Sannse, RickK, Ditkoofseppala, Bearcat, Elf, ReallyNiceGuy, Trysha, Rjwilmsi, Phantomsteve, Gaddy1975, Johnsonpass, SirIsaacBrock, Pharaoh Hound, Cydebot, Coaster1983, PKT, JustAGal, Magioladitis, VoABot II, Arcticsun2000, Tikuko, Bryndel, Candyfan, Nickersonl, Shawn- regan, Fastily, Some jerk on the Internet, Captain-tucker, Magicbone, The Bushranger, AnomieBOT, Miyagawa, Fylbecatulous, Craigykaim and Anonymous: 9 • Serbian Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Hound?oldid=626906704 Contributors: Sannse, Ditkoofseppala, Elf, Trysha, Bonzo, Gene Nygaard, Ev, Jaxl, Dijxtra, Ajdebre, Reedy, Chris the speller, F382d56d7a18630cf764a5b576ea1b4810467238, Orphan- Bot, Yozakura~enwiki, SashatoBot, Ameliorate!, Coaster1983, Biruitorul, BokicaK, Chubbles, Vanjagenije, GijsvdL, Rave92, ImageR- emovalBot, Android90, Dare80, DumZiBoT, Addbot, Zladovac, SpBot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Xqbot, LucienBOT, MastiBot, Altes2009, EmausBot, Dovlapan, Sagaciousphil, CEPIB and Anonymous: 11 • Serbian Tricolour Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Tricolour_Hound?oldid=655638770 Contributors: Sannse, Ditkoof- seppala, Bkell, Elf, ChicXulub, Obradovic Goran, Trysha, Bonzo, Gene Nygaard, Dijxtra, Opiaterein, Ajdebre, Reedy, Chris the speller, F382d56d7a18630cf764a5b576ea1b4810467238, Yozakura~enwiki, SashatoBot, Pleple2000, Thijs!bot, Biruitorul, CommonsDelinker, Imbris, ImageRemovalBot, Hafwyn, Dare80, Addbot, Melab-1, Luckas-bot, Dhidalgo, DSisyphBot, EmausBot, John of Reading, Dovla- pan, ZéroBot, AvicAWB, Martin gurini, Aleksandar80 and Anonymous: 7 • Seskar Seal Dog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seskar_Seal_Dog?oldid=616626942 Contributors: Lfstevens, Zakhx150, Dthom- sen8, MikeyMouse10, BG19bot and Canarian 466 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

• Shar Pei Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shar_Pei?oldid=649132506 Contributors: Kowloonese, Deb, Evgeni Sergeev, Hlaw, Matt Gies, Elf, Brian Kendig, Michael Devore, Siroxo, Maximaximax, Huaiwei, Lumrs, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Lachatdelarue, Can- isRufus, Omnibus, FilthMasterFlex, Kwamikagami, Trysha, Bonzo, Abstrakt1, Gene Nygaard, Instantnood, Dismas, Woohookitty, Dun- can.france, Jrkarp, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, OneWeirdDude, FlaBot, YurikBot, RobotE, Butsuri, WritersCramp, Theaetetus, Pigman, Gaius Cornelius, Wiki alf, DeadEyeArrow, Bota47, Arouck, Shirley Ku, Ednobbs, 21655, Closedmouth, Meegs, SmackBot, Waldopepper, Reedy, Hanchi, Hydrogen Iodide, Lawrencekhoo, Gsdlova, Zyxw, Arrasando, Meebly, Budward, Bartholomew, NCurse, Thumperward, Hongooi, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, RedHillian, PPBlais, Phrique, Yozakura~enwiki, Ugur Basak Bot~enwiki, SashatoBot, Sum- merbell, CaptainVindaloo, Aleenf1, A. Parrot, AxG, TastyPoutine, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Darth Wengle, HongQiGong, Ben 10, Chazsylvester, Cydebot, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Mojo Hand, MischaNG, Ranger Rabbit, Nelegene, Butterfly52, Mr. G. Williams, .ana- condabot, VoABot II, JamesBWatson, Feeeshboy, Steven Walling, SparrowsWing, ArchStanton69, DerHexer, MartinBot, Commons- Delinker, SharPei, Kguirnela, J.delanoy, Trusilver, Mylorta, Dawright12, BradArl02, 97198, Shatteredshards, Frostedpopcorn, Idioma- bot, X!, Lop.dong, TXiKiBoT, Clarince63, Noformation, BotKung, Saturn star, Imbris, Tikuko, Bunnyhugger, Chenzw, Angelastic, Michaelsbll, Jozsefm, Tiffaness, SieBot, Umbralcorax, Da Joe, Peter cohen, Yerpo, Arthana, Rdealmeida, Vanished User 8902317830, Explicit, Hafwyn, Tanvir Ahmmed, ClueBot, Katvicious, Hafspajen, Excirial, Alexbot, Kanguole, PixelBot, Inuyasya1106, 7&6=thir- teen, Healthykid, Mrjmcneil, Edrewxo, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Addbot, Tcncv, Ronhjones, Jncraton, Patgurria, Divedeeper, Little- duck730, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Gail, LuK3, Yobot, Fraggle81, Jason Recliner, Esq., Yngvadottir, Darx9url, GateKeeper, Mrmcdonnell, Tempodivalse, AnomieBOT, Aerosmithfan2012, Jim1138, Piano non troppo, Collieuk, DogsArePeopleToo, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, Ma- terialscientist, Citation bot, Sven70, ArthurBot, Xqbot, S h i v a (Visnu), XZeroBot, Teamjenn, MyDerniereDanse, Darinblass, Richard Lee 9, GrouchoBot, RibotBOT, Miyagawa, Thehelpfulbot, FrescoBot, Shalakazakh, Yoyodudeluvah, D'ohBot, Citation bot 1, Kryp- tonitecrew, Duotrigesimal, RedBot, Denisrw, Ben11024988, Kgrad, Tbhotch, Reach Out to the Truth, Minimac, RjwilmsiBot, Yungtai, Dynamitestyle, EmausBot, Dcirovic, K6ka, Mz7, HiW-Bot, FrostBlight, Sagaciousphil, Ὁ οἶστρος, Tandelt, TyA, Team star pug, Or- ange Suede Sofa, Aldnonymous, Talampaya, ChuispastonBot, DASHBotAV, ClueBot NG, Jack Greenmaven, AznBurger, SharPeiLover, Highhighhi, Zzagen, Trunks ishida, Mrbines, Burn sharpei, Manythings1, Claudiuapetrei, Flaashinglights, Knowledge Permeating Your Cranium, Jorvibe, Fylbecatulous, LegacyOfValor, ChrisGualtieri, Alevántate, Ninous, Pedroparra, Keegan.1012 and Anonymous: 381 • Shetland Sheepdog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog?oldid=661974369 Contributors: Tarquin, DanKeshet, Mahjongg, Liftarn, Sannse, Ahoerstemeier, Williamv1138, Angela, Bueller 007, Zoicon5, Robbot, RedWolf, ZimZalaBim, Elf, Leflyman, BigHaz, ,Alphax, Sam Korn, Alansohn, Smegpt86 ,לערי ריינהארט ,Bobblewik, Neilc, ChicXulub, Quadell, Neutrality, Jpgordon, Renice, Bobo192 Trysha, Mikeo, Bonzo, Woohookitty, Pol098, WadeSimMiser, Oirvine, AnmaFinotera, Prashanthns, Marudubshinki, Graham87, Fox Mccloud, Ketiltrout, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, Koavf, JmT, Maryjo313, Talia679, FlaBot, MacRusgail, Malthazar, Antikon, Chobot, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, To0n, DanMS, Daveswagon, Tekana, Wknight94, 21655, Open2universe, Closedmouth, Tevildo, Black Kat, Fram, Mais oui!, Paul Erik, SmackBot, Snufkin~enwiki, DonnaReed, Reedy, Damask22, Chairman S., Eskimbot, Kintetsubuffalo, Daveecee, Gilliam, Chris the speller, Keegan, Colonies Chris, OrphanBot, Jennica, Crboyer, Lisasmall, Wizardman, Yozakura~enwiki, Vina- iwbot~enwiki, Kokostephi, Spinolio, Ekm02001, MaliNorway, Mouse Nightshirt, JzG, Joelmills, Mgiganteus1, Ocatecir, Mr Stephen, LanceHelsten, Macellarius, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Iridescent, EPO, Igoldste, Az1568, OS2Warp, JForget, Aekent, Equendil, Cyde- bot, Ltshears, Gogo Dodo, Tawkerbot4, Yelsent, Coaster1983, SallyZ, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Bonniebank, Jed, Tezzoar, JustAGal, Chass- rick, Simone.schulz, Mentifisto, Gdo01, David Shankbone, JAnDbot, Puppylov93, .anacondabot, VoABot II, Bcsr4ever, Jllm06, Steven Walling, Jrssr5, Dhandle, KConWiki, Edward321, Dan man 969, DuO, MartinBot, CommonsDelinker, Kimse, Catmoongirl, TheWik- Man, Derwig, Michael Daly, Fingon~enwiki, 1000Faces, Jeepday, Skier Dude, Warut, SJP, Robertgreer, Pdcook, Akechi77, Enescot, Richard New Forest, Idioma-bot, Mastrchf91, SherZanne, VolkovBot, Pleasantville, Philip Trueman, ANNAfoxlover, Avi9505, Vip- inhari, Hippikes, Oxfordwang, Brunton, Beusson, Jackfork, Saturn star, Gillyweed, Sheltiejuice, Jrdalenumber8, BlueDragonLegends, SieBot, Esty baa, Iam5tv, Dawn Bard, Matthew Yeager, Lucasbfrbot, JayJayEss, E10775A290610, Flyer22, Radon210, Ksmith4f, Nar- mowen, Oxymoron83, Mjespo125, Fratrep, Wiki-ny-2007, Vancy17, Vanished User 8902317830, Peccarbread, Ygbsm, Atif.t2, Chris G Bot, ClueBot, Maizhan, Mild Bill Hiccup, Bestworld, Hafspajen, Yipson, Kelevroeh, Greensoda, Hockey 1980, Lartoven, 7&6=thir- teen, Boblarouche, BOTarate, Madereugeneandrew, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, Expertwork1984, TimTay, Vjmlhds, Athenaruhige, Dun- can, Ost316, Musik PONs, Rex Cherry, Addbot, Fieldday-sunday, CanadianLinuxUser, Fluffernutter, Isis2x, BritniMarie, Download, Venusandback, Chzz, ChenzwBot, Tide rolls, Colliesrtops, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Fraggle81, Latidoti, AnomieBOT, Jim1138, Ulric1313, Katwiki229, Mokoniki, 90 Auto, Citation bot, Kasaalan, Xqbot, ASCIASA, DarkElrad, Miyagawa, Erik9, Kwfinnerty, FrescoBot, Pinethicket, I dream of horses, Perdy3000, Jenny2513, Bgpaulus, Robeauch, Mehrunes Dagon, CarbriniTek, Jade Harley, Vrenator, 777sms, Yoman101, JV Smithy, PopandRockGirl, SoothErBoy, FiredanceBecca, Knwallac, Karinsdaughter, MDesjardinss, EmausBot, AmericanLeMans, Jaitsu, Sumsum2010, Fermter, Jschiesler, Shipwright123, The Blade of the Northern Lights, Douglas.vohnoutka, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Johnmaxmena2, Tavington-dash, Poopyface1212, Donner60, CountMacula, ClueBot NG, Jack Greenmaven, Eynsteinn, Piast93, CReep, DoberStaff, Snotbot, Cntras, Antiqueight, Keetanii, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, Nirame, Salukitamer, WNYY98, Pat tcam, Nathan2055, 76boardman, Rm1271, Yowanvista, Sharingknowledge, Bordercolliez, Stamatisclan, Snow Blizzard, Lrmdlnshn, BCthroughNL, Daaanieeel, Chip123456, Vvven, BattyBot, Riley Huntley, Kittyandkahlua, Looberdoo, Ze- royon01, Lehmand97, VoteLobster, BOOSHYA123, Webclient101, Italiafc, Lugia2453, WISEOLDDOG, Marchino61, Carlydan, Lesp1967, Newton's 4th Law, Iggie poo doggie2 poo, Monkbot, Annie2277, Futuremach, TheMagikCow, Wyotle, Samralf, Ajmcinty and Anony- mous: 413 • Shiba Inu Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiba_Inu?oldid=664068039 Contributors: Olivier, DopefishJustin, Sannse, Ellywa, Syn- thetik, Zarggg, WhisperToMe, Johnleemk, Finlay McWalter, Dimadick, Klanda, Adam78, JamesMLane, DocWatson42, Elf, Mintleaf~enwiki, Jason Quinn, Bobblewik, ChicXulub, Chowbok, Utcursch, Quadell, CES~enwiki, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Lachatdelarue, Tgies, Pschemp, Zetawoof, Greenmage128, Msh210, Gary, Trysha, Arthena, Ricky81682, Ashley ,לערי ריינהארט ,Dgpop, Ypacaraí, Dvogel Pomeroy, SlimVirgin, Bart133, SidP, Yuckfoo, Ben White, Woohookitty, WadeSimMiser, Oirvine, JIP, Luigi2, Sjö, Jolenick, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, Jivecat, Rillian, Ggrieves, DoubleBlue, Bfigura, MChew, Yamamoto Ichiro, FlaBot, MisterSquirrel, Bubbleboys, Ahunt, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, Pip2andahalf, Hede2000, Anomalocaris, Smash, Grafen, Badagnani, DAJF, Muu-karhu, Mkill, Bota47, Tekana, Dspradau, Danny-w, HotelDon, Garion96, Kungfuadam, SmackBot, Reedy, Punkgeek, Eskimbot, Kintetsubuffalo, Gilliam, Ohnoits- jamie, Hmains, Rmosler2100, Frecklegirl, Oni Ookami Alfador, Baa, Lenin and McCarthy, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Orphan- Bot, Josethegeek, Nakon, Sljaxon, DMacks, Phrique, Yozakura~enwiki, Richard0612, AleTsui, Valfontis, Applejaxs, AdultSwim, Ryu- long, Pharaoh Hound, BranStark, Iridescent, JoeBot, UncleDouggie, Bravewolf, Ginodeyoung, Jmilon~enwiki, Cydebot, SyntaxError55, Zoned, Doug Weller, DumbBOT, Coaster1983, Vortex Dragon, Thijs!bot, Luminifer, Qwyrxian, Pete [email protected], Yossar- ian22, Kbehrens, Dawnseeker2000, Modestdnach, Trabeculum001, Ju66l3r, KrakatoaKatie, Hires an editor, Fru1tbat, Jj137, Darklilac, Arx Fortis, Husond, Introv3rt, Stuckdan, Avaya1, SiobhanHansa, Magioladitis, Cambio~enwiki, Bcsr4ever, The Anomebot2, Boffob, Ontheundy, BashmentBoy, Wlwong, MartinBot, Anaxial, Fohx, J.delanoy, Nev1, Richiekim, Siryendor, McSly, Naniwako, Ningyugan, Ajfweb, Bonadea, Wikieditor06, Vranak, VolkovBot, Markc0909, Greatwalk, Eddiehimself, Wikidemon, Idsfa, Gzdavidwong, Ozamosi, 102.12. 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Lradrama, Piecrust, Clone CC-2224, RiverStyx23, T Kubik, Hstam, Falcon8765, Enviroboy, Takashiba, Wallb, Monty845, Tresiden, Jetshade, Aiyiaxitsxtiffy, Caltas, Pawcircuit, Belinrahs, Clarkbar1020, Oda Mari, WolfieInu, Dacheatcode, KathrynLybarger, Fratrep, Nyuhsuk, AZ DesertRat, Mfugue, ClueBot, Avenged Eightfold, GorillaWarfare, The Thing That Should Not Be, Ndenison, Novagrrl, Des- tiny33, Hafspajen, Rgraham71504, Qwertyuiop12345678910, Psychogirlh, Jimboradley, Excirial, Alexbot, Qwertyuiop123456789100, 7&6=thirteen, Sato mitsuko, Shibaluver, Versus22, Buster0303, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Bball gurl76, ZooFari, Addbot, Landon1980, Benjammin2u, Glass Sword, Favonian, Awesomo88E, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Fireattack, Legobot, Leewei, Fraggle81, II MusLiM HyBRiD II, Yngvadottir, Mmxx, Nallimbot, KamikazeBot, AnomieBOT, Archon 2488, Hatchetman2, Jerrine, YKatakura, Piano non troppo, Feisty.gibbon, Mokoniki, Citation bot, ArthurBot, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Capricorn42, Tyskye6, Bewebdev, Gbiddy, Banaszak, Dogscooter.eu, Doggiesrnice, Shadowjams, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, JMS Old Al, Lala224, HJ Mitchell, Cannolis, Supertim um, Redrose64, Tintenfis- chlein, Aldamira, Calmer Waters, Sboy365, Supertimum, Phoenix7777, Panda74, PedanticSophist, Bgpaulus, December21st2012Freak, Vkil, PLwarped59, CallawayRox, Redshibaman, Martin Van Ballin', Callanecc, Jeffrd10, Sibajar, Diannaa, ThinkEnemies, Tbhotch, Jfmantis, RjwilmsiBot, Phlegat, Beyond My Ken, Salvio giuliano, DASHBot, EmausBot, GeneralCheese, Trilliumz, Luisvdf, Wikitan- virBot, Super48paul, RA0808, Caitmchenry, Bluestockings31, Noroi, Coolbeanshelen, Fæ, Smexybiatch09s, Sagaciousphil, ShibaInu- Clay, H3llBot, Rcsprinter123, L Kensington, Meagherg3, Matthewrbowker, Davey2010, ClueBot NG, Aaron Booth, Gareth Griffith- Jones, Chrisohaver, ShibaInuAwsome, Gilderien, CReep, Stella inu, Tucker454, Auchansa, Doglover33, Onefireuser, Jk2q3jrklse, Curb Chain, WNYY98, W3amel7nayn, Teagrant, M0rphzone, MasashiInoue, Mark Arsten, Asaunders678, The Almightey Drill, Carliitaeliza, Tkbx, Tutelary, Cyberbot II, GoShow, Myxomatosis57, Ajsandboch, Soulbust, Gunit00999, Felixphew, Dbzlabrat, OookWigg, Vogone, Shananananana17, Trololo17, Coconut-us, Aplaster, Hotelmason241, MaiyaH78, Acetotyce, Thesupertonic, EvergreenFir, TheDrapoca- lypse, FDMS4, George8211, RainCity471, Killerwhale24680, Shibainulover, Misterfaisty, Zendeya, Jptvgrey, Retartist, Dj hook, IKon- vikted, Ztan0015, MegaGardevoir68, Adirishucd, Editor abcdef, Heythere200, QuickScopedDarFedora, Sarahbittinger, Flameandcasey, Kevlarasdfgh, KasparBot and Anonymous: 513

• Shih Tzu Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shih_Tzu?oldid=664068190 Contributors: Novalis, Ceaser, Sannse, WhisperToMe, Patrick0Moran, Furrykef, Morven, Carbuncle, Dimadick, HaeB, Elf, 0x6D667061, Henry Flower, JimD, Gilgamesh~enwiki, ChicXulub, Chowbok, Gadfium, Andycjp, Quadell, MarkSweep, Gscshoyru, Huaiwei, Msporled, Adashiel, Marcosarivas, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, -Zeta ,לערי ריינהארט ,Vsmith, Pnevares, Lachatdelarue, Kjoonlee, Kwamikagami, Mwanner, RoyBoy, EurekaLott, Sole Soul, Bobo192 woof, MPerel, Andrzej z Helu, Alansohn, Gary, Anthony Appleyard, Trysha, Andrewpmk, SlimVirgin, Bart133, Metron4, Snowolf, Krazykillaz, Velella, Peter McGinley, Lerdsuwa, Sudachi, Bonzo, Versageek, Instantnood, Blaxthos, TShilo12, Bobrayner, Woohookitty, Mindmatrix, Bakalo, Spettro9, Hailey C. Shannon, Tbjornstad, Dysepsion, Mandarax, Coneslayer, Bremen, Boccobrock, Yamamoto Ichiro, Titoxd, FlaBot, Lebha, GreenLocust, Musical Linguist, Palm9999, Drumguy8800, Chobot, Moocha, FeldBum, Bgwhite, Mercury McKinnon, YurikBot, Sceptre, Hairy Dude, NTBot~enwiki, UsaSatsui, Icarus3, GLaDOS, Worenklein, SpuriousQ, Stephenb, Pseu- domonas, NawlinWiki, Edinborgarstefan, Badagnani, Billspry, Cleared as filed, Moe Epsilon, Nick C, Sumple, Syrthiss, Tekana, Speed- oflight, Unused0025, Nlu, Wknight94, 6a4fe8aa039615ebd9ddb83d6acf9a1dc1b684f7, E Wing, Tevildo, Hawkfyre, Sambc, Kaicarver, Katieh5584, Paul Erik, TravisTX, SmackBot, Reedy, InverseHypercube, Hydrogen Iodide, Skeezix1000, Davewild, Jab843, Kopaka649, HalfShadow, Yamaguchi 先⽣, Gilliam, Geethanjali, Atticuslai, Miquonranger03, MidgleyDJ, SchfiftyThree, Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg, Baa, Deenoe, Gsp8181, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Egsan Bacon, OrphanBot, Rrburke, Krsont, RedHillian, Krich, Phrique, Sigma 7, 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Obersachsebot, Xqbot, JimVC3, Capricorn42, Child- ofMidnight, Kj20124036, Teamjenn, AbigailAbernathy, Codyenjoys69, Gatorgirl7563, Luvmytzus, Dumpsterkitty1, Adale 50, Xoxje- line, RibotBOT, Hammerhohoho, Mike0964, Mathonius, Shihtzulady, Vileplume drugs, Shadowjams, Miyagawa, Imagin916, Oiche88, Joaquin008, Erik9, Shadowwarriorgess, GT5162, Tiyang, Wikipe-tan, VS6507, Michael93555, Recognizance, Dqe55, Jamesooders, Sav- todd, Louperibot, DivineAlpha, Wireless Keyboard, MarB4, PigFlu Oink, Deluca.michael1996, T-pooh boo, I dream of horses, Edderso, 10metreh, Calmer Waters, Boobybooby, King of pets, SkyMachine, Turgalad, Vrenator, Xx3nvyxx, 777sms, Defender of torch, Ther- malGirl, Reaper Eternal, Gnavas1, Bob3663, Specs112, Diannaa, Tivisk, Brian the Editor, Stroppolo, Rotad, 3Dluvz2D, RjwilmsiBot, 468 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

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Barber, ShenandoahShilohs, Carter- plus2, Bchampion, Corfil, Trevor.sawler, Wizardman, Dartagnan, SandraSS, Gwyllgi, MilesD., M.Bush, Lisapollison, ThePromethean, Helreidh, Tawkerbot2, Wickerwae, CmdrObot, CBM, Woody Taylor, Wildpixs, Coaster1983, Daytona2, Barek, Epeefleche, Grievous Angel, Magioladitis, Janlcc, Gnmtndogs, Dekimasu, Gremlyn, Steven Walling, SunSw0rd, Schumi555, CommonsDelinker, Thedon645, Bluefox13, Kyle the bot, Publisher Place, Someguy1221, Jauerback, Fratrep, Michaelflowers, Sitush, ShilohCub, Maidela, Alexbot, Eeekster, SaraShiloh, Shawnregan, Addbot, Magicbone, Shilohfan, PranksterTurtle, Favonian, AnomieBOT, Mokoniki, VS6507, Re- naG, OgreBot, Jmgrazer, Nancy Lindquist, Ejgreen77, Smcmac, The Nut, ClueBot NG, Avietar~enwiki, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, BG19bot, Faizan, PadraigOhuard, NSBRreg, ELAINEANDABBIPAULSEN, Malcolmmwa, Monkbot, LinseyRH, Rottweiler3 and Anonymous: 72 • Siberian Husky Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Husky?oldid=664238126 Contributors: Mav, XJaM, Merphant, Nevilley, Lir, Dan Koehl, Ixfd64, Sannse, Mdebets, Aarchiba, General announcement, Joe Canuck, Ditkoofseppala, Tpbradbury, Samsara, Inde- fatigable, Gentgeen, Moriori, Nach0king, Nilmerg, UtherSRG, Kent Wang, Alan Liefting, Matt Gies, Elf, Jackol, SWAdair, Bobblewik, Chowbok, Utcursch, Alexf, RobinCarmody, Sonjaaa, Quadell, Antandrus, OverlordQ, DNewhall, Thorwald, Mike Rosoft, Discospinster, Guanabot, Rama, Unixplumber, Lachatdelarue, Hapsiainen, Kross, RoyBoy, Bobo192, Smalljim, Casanova~enwiki, Giraffedata, Wool- ,VBGFscJUn3, Pschemp, Haham hanuka, Jumbuck, Alansohn, Trysha, Arthena, DavidHoag, Riana, Fritzpoll ,לערי ריינהארט ,gatherer Xaphan9966, Ekimnosnews, Gautam3, Snowolf, Wtmitchell, L33th4x0rguy, NJM, RainbowOfLight, Bonzo, Redvers, Weaponofmassin- struction, Kitch, Tariqabjotu, Woohookitty, Camw, LOL, Carcharoth, Admrboltz, Hailey C. 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Leivick, Doug Weller, Christian75, FastLizard4, Krylonblue83, Coaster1983, Vortex Dragon, SummonerMarc, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Uppe, CosmoKramer~enwiki, N5iln, Marek69, James086, Ram4eva, Alaskankris- ten, Lajsikonik, Robert 86421357, John Smythe, AntiVandalBot, Luna Santin, LibLord, North Shoreman, Gökhan, MikeLynch, Mad Pierrot, JAnDbot, Husond, ZZninepluralZalpha, Perhols, Acroterion, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Bcsr4ever, AtticusX, JamesBWatson, Appraiser, Mbc362, Silver dog, CTF83!, Steven Walling, Nyttend, Skew-t, SparrowsWing, WhatamIdoing, Vobis132, Mtd2006, All- starecho, Novickas, Silentaria, The cattr, Glen, DerHexer, Biowk, NatureA16, Geboy, Scottalter, MartinBot, NAHID, Anaxial, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, Nousoul, Tgeairn, Artaxiad, RockMFR, 1j1j1j, J.delanoy, Craven Mongoose, Cocoaguy, Ozestrange, LordAnu- bisBOT, AntiSpamBot, Alecperkins, Krasniy, A302b, NewEnglandYankee, Sleddoggin, John2510, Jamesontai, Heathera skidog, Re- drocket, Kfccash, Pdcook, Goblinthegreat, Dropby23, Caspian blue, VolkovBot, CWii, CathandMatt, Fomustangrd88, Mr.crabby, Lear's Fool, Satani, O Graeme Burns, DoorsAjar, Oshwah, Jomasecu, SeanNovack, Anonymous Dissident, Afluent Rider, Papa Ul, Arctic- sun2000, Gryzman, Oxfordwang, Una Smith, Sintaku, Clarince63, Martin451, Don4of4, Slysplace, Dlae, Nimab17, One half 3544, Lupinetotem, Epopp, Mr.Kennedy1, Steelersfan1243, Tikuko, Turgan, Bmoritz3, Insanity Incarnate, Utopialand, AlleborgoBot, Lo- gan, PGWG, NHRHS2010, Kpa4941, Speedracer1407, Paigeb8, Ambroze, Ponyo, Raoul555, SieBot, Sonicology, YonaBot, Tiddly Tom, Euryalus, Dawn Bard, Caltas, Knightw, Wikistudent 1, Owl 2, Sunny910910, Flyer22, Radon210, Angelikfire, YaniQC, Oxy- moron83, Faradayplank, Jb51083, Lightmouse, Mkeranat, Fratrep, Nancy, Mygerardromance, Jpfingstmann, Hamiltondaniel, Vanished User 8902317830, Ber'zophus, Sam112294, Miyokan, Crealizate, Hafwyn, Smirnoff103, Nusarikaya, Tanvir Ahmmed, ClueBot, Sen- nen goroshi, SexyIrishLeprechaun, RonBeeCNC, Fyyer, The Thing That Should Not Be, Keeper76, EoGuy, SoundBlast, Ndenison, 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 469

Arakunem, MorganaFiolett, Drmies, Cp111, Mild Bill Hiccup, Hafspajen, Nickersonl, Owen-Manuel, Infolepsy, Joe Presto, SimplePara- dox, Jolucas, Gibby1234, Auntof6, Excirial, Lovebeinchristian120, Nymf, Kopitarian, Eeekster, Escobar otter, Peter.C, DeltaQuad, Knowz, Thingg, AmandaEP, Versus22, Dude40, Ginbot86, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, TimTay, XLinkBot, Spitfire, BodhisattvaBot, Jo- vianeye, Dthomsen8, Avoided, Rollingstonesfan99, Airplaneman, Gggh, ColtM4, Thatguyflint, Kbdankbot, Thebestofall007, Addbot, JBsupreme, Willking1979, Tigerbreath13, Landon1980, Axecution, Atethnekos, Binary TSO, Lacanian Hedonist, AkhtaBot, Ambinob, Petit aleph, Fieldday-sunday, Martindo, Derekliu730, Looie496, Cst17, MadDawg010, Glane23, Audigyz, Chzz, Debresser, Roux, An- naFrance, ChenzwBot, Arcticshivers, Numbo3-bot, The Final Chronicler, Tide rolls, Lightbot, WuBot, Krano, Gail, Slgcat, Megaman en m, SaintHammett, Luckas-bot, Yobot, 2D, Themfromspace, Mearls95, XxQTpah2Txx, Nallimbot, Santryl, KamikazeBot, Kion- alona, Eric-Wester, Dogtrainernyc, AnomieBOT, Richardstill002, LouPepe, Piano non troppo, Maxguevara452, SibeResQ, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, Materialscientist, Ohhcanada, Rtyq2, OllieFury, Felyza, Nhantdn, Huskyfun, Courtney22132, ArthurBot, Primalmu, Xqbot, SiberResQ, Chisyboy98, JimVC3, Capricorn42, Nasnema, Thehonesthorse, Grim23, Tyrol5, Spellbook, Cristiano717, RibotBOT, Sonic- effect, SassoBot, Bahahs, Baileytech, N419BH, Awesomedude52, Shadowjams, Miyagawa, Shann-Dawg, Dougofborg, Bards14, Izvora, Albert Steelflex, FrescoBot, Tangent747, Tobby72, Baltofan13, Recognizance, Alarics, HJ Mitchell, Ibanez120, HamburgerRadio, Biker Biker, Pinethicket, Vicenarian, Tomcat7, Suhaochina, RedBot, Meaghan, Thesadisticcheeseburgerpickle1, Monkeymanman, Crunk Cup, Kgrad, Richonwiki, TobeBot, Trappist the monk, Peter2552, Colbyl30, TBloemink, LaNaranja, Onespiece, Tveronese, SeoMac, Wiki- nika, 777sms, Bluefist, Reaper Eternal, Everyone Dies In the End, Fastilysock, Becca862, Tbhotch, Stroppolo, TheMesquito, Lord of the Pit, Entropyxd, Popadinkle1256, The Utahraptor, Com101, Wikichick775, Weakopedia, Pictsidhe, 4rr0g4nt, Omgcapitalism, PetarSer- bia, EmausBot, PamelaBMX, WikitanvirBot, Bortson, RA0808, RenamedUser01302013, Emilia1812, K6ka, Azkm, Nothing149, As- ceticRose, Kiatdd, Caroline20, 15turnsm, Daonguyen95, Ida Shaw, Jflax0429, Lightsaber Guy, Sagaciousphil, Anir1uph, Bazookaboy5, Kaiagirl98, H3llBot, Huskyfellaboy, Spencer R Hall, Therook3673, Tolly4bolly, Donner60, Shanekelley, Orange Suede Sofa, Rana97, Ro- mosquera, Hemingwayswhisky, ClueBot NG, Jack Greenmaven, Piast93, Kikichugirl, Chester Markel, Movses-bot, Johnm113, Millermk, CReep, Rickzagor, Nicholef, Badgals28, Kyra951125, Lockheed87, Widr, ChristiMar, Jr2369, Jarp12, Jk2q3jrklse, Ana2000~enwiki, Helpful Pixie Bot, SMSchmutz, Nippoldt, Random-pop-star, BG19bot, Todobo, Inoyamanaka062, Ceradon, MusikAnimal, AvocatoBot, Peace12301120, Sergeantstorm, Earth'sbuddy, Calidude2000, Robert Thyder, Dinodino1212, MrBill3, Glacialfox, Shaun, Daaanieeel, Fylbecatulous, Huskyguy, Tutelary, Mphipps12, Riley Huntley, Hergilei, Rafa.rodriguez, Swimchamp84, Jionpedia, Khazar2, Zeroyon01, Reese Read, John M. DiNucci, JYBot, Craigykaim, Something987654321, BALMAINM, Joshtaco, Thundersnow, 878photo, Tatyana Gonzales, Roxy3457, Maroon5 222, Mbrbnntt, Deidra C., Epicgenius, Bwakefi, Ginsuloft, Kazu7777777, AlphaCrest, Patchy the Ghost, Mianamol, HugoRRC, Yames2000, Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi, Jelinas, Ashleyharyott, LazyReader, Memorialmanx64, Monkbot, Vleer- muis12, Bpw823, American Kennel Club, Adirishucd, 4dogknight, Huskiesrule22804, SibeMom14, Nevets70, Huskyloverblahbuivfdeb- fiuefji, Sweegy, Tesoldj13, Huskysiper1067, Pacificlights, Lshaubach, Sarr Cat, Doyle b jones, Gskxjn, NewHikaru07, Azara-Loves-Pie and Anonymous: 1374 • Silken Windhound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silken_Windhound?oldid=595856101 Contributors: Kbk, Rich Farmbrough, Ketiltrout, Sarranduin, Zzuuzz, CWenger, RG2, SmackBot, Reedy, Gsdlova, Esoltas, MU, Nelsonismyhero, Talismanhound, Movingim- age, JaGa, NatureBoyMD, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, JhsBot, Fratrep, Hafspajen, Sisterdetestai, Shawnregan, Ambeanerxcore, Addbot, Kea2, Drpickem, Yobot, Tohd8BohaithuGh1, Ulric1313, GB fan, Tux-Man, GrouchoBot, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, Ejgreen77, EmausBot, Talory, KLBot2, Happy1892 and Anonymous: 23 • Sinhala Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_Hound?oldid=652054713 Contributors: Altenmann, Grutness, Bgwhite, Vinodm, Cydebot, TXiKiBoT, Tikuko, 7&6=thirteen, Chanakal, Addbot, AnomieBOT, Orenburg1, Kevjonesin, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, Canarian, Faizan, Pmk5788, Editor abcdef and Anonymous: 5 • Skye Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skye_Terrier?oldid=644518357 Contributors: JamesMLane, Lproven, Chowbok, Woohookitty, Allen3, FlaBot, Roboto de Ajvol, Messier110, Mais oui!, Garion96, CIreland, SmackBot, Algont, Hmains, Skizzik, Hi- bernian, Robth, Colonies Chris, Cobain, Cybercobra, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Makeemlighter, Michael p, Cydebot, Lord Hamm, Ksbrown, Dusty relic, Daniel J. Leivick, Just Chilling, MER-C, Celithemis, JamesBWatson, Mtd2006, Adouglasmhor, Ben MacDui, VolkovBot, TerrierTribe, TXiKiBoT, Anna Lincoln, 116redrock, Synthebot, SieBot, Flyer22, UKCDogs, Violaine2, IdreamofJeanie, Fadesga, Hafspajen, Alexbot, Dana boomer, Shawnregan, TimTay, Prof Wrong, Dthomsen8, Addbot, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, D'ohBot, Koolkamk, LittleWink, Kelvin Samuel, Askakun, Hajatvrc, EmausBot, Sagaciousphil, ChuispastonBot, ClueBot NG, RafikiSykes, Vvven, Phattoddy, Deidra C. and Anonymous: 31 • Sloughi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloughi?oldid=655862180 Contributors: LarsErikKolden, Karen Johnson, Sannse, Elf, Curps, ChicXulub, Sonjaaa, Denhulde, Trysha, Wiccan Quagga, Graham87, Bremen, Amire80, Muchness, SmackBot, Reedy, Arab Hafez, Yozakura~enwiki, Pharaoh Hound, Andrwsc, Dodo bird, Dionysia, Richard Hawkins, Deflective, Japo, GijsvdL, SieBot, SilentCi- tyX, Doocloone, Alexbot, Sloughis, Sloughi-rescue, Dekisugi, Sloughi~enwiki, Anakine, Dana boomer, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Canidx, Qhalila, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Sloughia, Collieuk, Zxabot, Bollingerroad, Xqbot, Tux-Man, GrouchoBot, George2001hi, Szora, RedBot, EmausBot, Sagaciousphil, Omar-Toons, Omar-toons, Tarzorro, Mouh2jijel, Jk2q3jrklse, BG19bot, BattyBot, Antif2nd and Anonymous: 34 • Slovak Cuvac Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Cuvac?oldid=659868731 Contributors: Neutrality, Anthony Appleyard, Rjwilmsi, SmackBot, Chris the speller, Colonies Chris, CmdrObot, Carlroller, Robina Fox, R'n'B, Doomsday28, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, Tikuko, Dusti, Khanele, Hafwyn, Mild Bill Hiccup, Niceguyedc, Alexbot, 7&6=thirteen, Savolya, TheGuddler, Addbot, AnomieBOT, Dhidalgo, GB fan, Xqbot, Triplestop, MondalorBot, Slovenskycuvacusa, Kprwiki, EmausBot, John of Reading, Theus PR, ZéroBot, Tideflat, Cop- perSquare, Jk2q3jrklse, Trigg hound 2, Vomboehmerwald, Vvven, Hghyux and Anonymous: 15 • Slovak Rough-haired Pointer Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Rough-haired_Pointer?oldid=632134829 Contributors: An- drewa, Markhurd, Chris the speller, Lisasmall, Avitya, Mojo Hand, Jeepday, Demokratickid, MeisterPL, Seedbot, Denisarona, XLinkBot, Avalik, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Bunnyhop11, Xqbot, Wladthemlat, Kprwiki, EmausBot, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Jk2q3jrklse, Vvven, MiewEN and Anonymous: 8 • Slovenský kopov Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_kopov?oldid=644008853 Contributors: BD2412, Chris the speller, BOTijo, Hafwyn, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Dhidalgo, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, LucienBOT, Kprwiki, EmausBot, Jk2q3jrklse, Trigg hound 2, Vvven, Monkbot and Anonymous: 1 • Smaland Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smaland_Hound?oldid=571180517 Contributors: Monado, Gene Nygaard, Smack- Bot, Algont, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, BigDom, Ltshears, Optimist on the run, Biruitorul, Gimlei, Liliana-60, VolkovBot, Rei-bot, Fairest saro, Shawnregan, MystBot, Addbot, Lightbot, Zorrobot, WikiDreamer Bot, GrouchoBot, Miyagawa, ZéroBot, CocuBot, Widr, Larsnooden, Keetanii, Jk2q3jrklse, Isureis, Vvven, Meaganv17 and Anonymous: 7 470 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

• Small Greek Domestic Dog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Greek_Domestic_Dog?oldid=639324133 Contributors: Au- ric, Michael Devore, Farside6, SMcCandlish, SmackBot, Милан Јелисавчић, Fayenatic london, Hook5966, Macedonian, TXiKiBoT, Tikuko, JL-Bot, Felix Folio Secundus, Addbot, DubaiTerminator, Materialscientist, Omnipaedista, George2001hi, SunOfErat, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Michalis Melidonis, BG19bot, Zeroyon01, MaybeMaybeMaybe, Ddcriminal, Vagpap75 and Anonymous: 4 • Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft-coated_Wheaten_Terrier?oldid=661639179 Contributors: Lquil- ter, Sannse, Delirium, Ahoerstemeier, Charles Matthews, Romanm, Elf, ChicXulub, Dvavasour, Sonjaaa, Ukexpat, Canterbury Tail, Bobo192, Alansohn, Trysha, WikiParker, Netkinetic, WadeSimMiser, Joke137, Palica, Graham87, Bremen, Maltmomma, YurikBot, Hede2000, Danbarnesdavies, Gaius Cornelius, Tekana, Curpsbot-unicodify, TLSuda, Zquack, Sardanaphalus, SmackBot, Estoy Aquí, KocjoBot~enwiki, Scott Paeth, Cheesy mike, Ohnoitsjamie, J1729, Yozakura~enwiki, Ohconfucius, SirIsaacBrock, Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, JHunterJ, TastyPoutine, Renrenren, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Mfield, Hu12, Michaelbusch, Happy-melon, Jesse Viviano, Cydebot, Ltshears, Doug Weller, Thijs!bot, Digitaljeebus, AntiVandalBot, I am Canadian, Endlessdan, Sabeluc, MartinBot, Poeloq, Joseph Sanderson, Tgeairn, J.delanoy, Numbo3, Mariposalinz, Bailo26, Naniwako, ACBest, Raime, Flyingidiot, Tkenna, TXiK- iBoT, Mary Louisa, Narikii, Vanished user ikijeirw34iuaeolaseriffic, Marieg5545, Raymondwinn, Epopp, Mattf489, GijsvdL, LMB- Bard, Traceynancependley, Matt is Great, Zoyga, SieBot, Tresiden, BotMultichill, Murlocker, Antonio Lopez, Fratrep, Seedbot, Im- ageRemovalBot, Hafwyn, ClueBot, Rbhamilton, Schaea, The Thing That Should Not Be, Affpro1234, 123bob1234, Mild Bill Hiccup, Hafspajen, Mrhappyslap, Lame Name, Squigman, Wikitumnus, AndreasWashington, 842U, Lomuffins, Axelchick2395, Nkistner, Sil- vonenBot, Tomm Mandryk, Cyclonebiskit, Addbot, BeeDeeAye, Otisjimmy1, Darwin-rover, Immersivecaitlin, Cliftonville, Dlurie5, Divedeeper, Tide rolls, Frehley, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Wheatenhealth, Baumer84, DemocraticLuntz, Piano non troppo, Doggydazed 1, Mokoniki, Xqbot, Culgowrie, Gigemag76, GrouchoBot, Struscott11, TNAtime, Jggreenblatt, Miyagawa, George2001hi, Danicajoy, Id- anceintherain, Recognizance, Devinmcmearty, SCWTCA, Pinethicket, Notedgrant, Ishwasafish, MastiBot, Reconsider the static, Dausk, RORLVR1, Vikrantsharma1, Wicklowandashford, EmausBot, Sagaciousphil, Butel01, Wheatenhealthaustralia, Wikiwiki1195, ClueBot NG, Freakygirl14, Scwtcadmin, Irish Wheaten, Satellizer, BarrelProof, Markan80, Frietjes, Widr, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, MusikAni- mal, Vvven, TLSuda public, Berty100, Epicgenius, Notion411, Okobojiwheaten, Markmacbower, Mblac002, Amortias and Anonymous: 204 • South Russian Ovcharka Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Russian_Ovcharka?oldid=647013959 Contributors: Edward, Al- tenmann, Elf, Michael Devore, Lesgles, MacGyverMagic, Trysha, Stephan Leeds, Bobrayner, BD2412, NebY, Josh Parris, Rjwilmsi, Jeremygbyrne, Osli73, CiaPan, YurikBot, Gaius Cornelius, Tekana, Reedy, Chris the speller, Yozakura~enwiki, Traceywashere, Big Smooth, Dodo bird, Hu12, Bruinfan12, JohnCD, Nikki68, .anacondabot, Magioladitis, Clerks, Skier Dude, KylieTastic, Calineed, AdRock, P.Marlow, TubularWorld, Hafwyn, Drmies, Alexbot, Shawnregan, Kbdankbot, Addbot, Zorrobot, Yngvadottir, Hairy poker monster, Rubinbot, Dhidalgo, Xqbot, Miyagawa, Erik9, George2001hi, D'ohBot, YoitsJamesBruh, Kelvin Samuel, EmausBot, Gaby84, Evlaliya, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Волков Михайло Левович, CReep, Snotbot, Tideflat, Knight Atheon and Anonymous: 22 • Southern Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Hound?oldid=596895863 Contributors: Xezbeth, Rjwilmsi, Hmains, ButtonwoodTree, Hu12, Biruitorul, Bobblehead, Yomangani, Arch dude, Bryndel, CurlyGirl93, MystBot, Addbot, Ptbotgourou, Dhidalgo, GrouchoBot, Miyagawa, Cleanboot, RjwilmsiBot, Pluma, Helpful Pixie Bot, Vvven, Cavalryman V31 and Anonymous: 3 • Spanish Mastiff Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Mastiff?oldid=663308967 Contributors: Matt Gies, Elf, Bobblewik, RobinCarmody, 1297, MelSkunk, Krasniy Volk, Trysha, Gene Nygaard, Woohookitty, Josh Parris, YurikBot, Complainer, Reedy, Yam- aguchi 先⽣, Colonies Chris, Yozakura~enwiki, Manticorp, Traceywashere, Pharaoh Hound, Hu12, Bruinfan12, OS2Warp, Dusty relic, Studerby, Thijs!bot, JustAGal, Magioladitis, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, IrwinSantos, Johnbod, Skier Dude, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, Ay- matth2, SieBot, Da Joe, Seedbot, ClueBot, Hafspajen, Alexbot, 7&6=thirteen, Thingg, Dana boomer, XLinkBot, Jon steinbach, Addbot, Thomas Guibal, Favonian, Yoavd, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Dhidalgo, EuroHistoryTeacher, Fredde 99, Xqbot, Venerock, George2001hi, Alfonse Stompanato, Superk1a, RedThunderBuster, Sagaciousphil, Asha Toledo, ClueBot NG, Tideflat, Jk2q3jrklse, BG19bot, Mark Arsten, Vvven, Zeroyon01, Filedelinkerbot, Koke garcia and Anonymous: 50 • Spanish Water Dog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Water_Dog?oldid=657187117 Contributors: William Avery, Dis- cospinster, Flapdragon, Gene Nygaard, Josh Parris, Rjwilmsi, Wavelength, Gaius Cornelius, SMcCandlish, Garion96, SmackBot, Gsdlova, WookieInHeat, Chris the speller, Scwlong, Gobonobo, Uhanu, Mr Stephen, Pharaoh Hound, MikeWazowski, DangerousPanda, Thijs!bot, Horologium, Steven Walling, KConWiki, Catgut, J.delanoy, Michael Daly, Almaliq, Dmd1590, Sherylgaines, SieBot, Fratrep, Seed- bot, Hafwyn, Hafspajen, Shawnregan, MystBot, Addbot, Jpmonroe, LemmeyBOT, FrysUniverse, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, Xqbot, Venerock, Some standardized rigour, George2001hi, Simple Bob, Perroturco, Miabpaaa, Bollyjeff, Saga- ciousphil, Love2ski, Eynsteinn, CReep, Jk2q3jrklse, Spanishwaterdog, Vvven, Slightlymadhatter, JPaestpreornJeolhlna, Sfmg1, Jaaron95, Xeno68, Ariosa, Gizmomitzi and Anonymous: 46 • Spinone Italiano Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinone_Italiano?oldid=659139855 Contributors: Infrogmation, Sannse, Lfh, Michael Snow, Enz1, Elf, Mike Storm, Lachatdelarue, Cmdrjameson, TheParanoidOne, Trysha, Gene Nygaard, Jeff3000, Joke137, Rjwilmsi, FlaBot, Sarranduin, Stephenb, CambridgeBayWeather, Complainer, Retired username, OutRider2003, Tekana, Tevildo, Attil- ios, SmackBot, BradPatrick, TechPurism, DMacks, Bejnar, Avitya, Carnby, Neddyseagoon, Pharaoh Hound, Odedee, RichardF, Ltshears, Wabatl, Thijs!bot, Kasmegs, Jay1279, JNW, Appraiser, Random Passer-by, TXiKiBoT, GijsvdL, Rrosinski, Fratrep, Seedbot, Over- lookhotel, ClueBot, Grumblewink, Hafspajen, SchreiberBike, A ntv, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, MystBot, Bridgetfox, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Dhidalgo, Materialscientist, Citation bot, GB fan, Alephalpha, XZeroBot, Alphaspin, Miyagawa, George2001hi, Mparu, Timberdoodle- spinone, EmausBot, Sagaciousphil, Thamabe, RaptureBot, ClueBot NG, Clanmcmaster, Jk2q3jrklse, Plentyofinfo, Vvven, ChrisGualtieri, Beeboxes, Charlie22712, Duchess of Leinster, AddWittyNameHere, Heidiannemorris, DVMOM and Anonymous: 44 • Sporting Lucas Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporting_Lucas_Terrier?oldid=605886424 Contributors: BD2412, Com- monsDelinker, Hafwyn, 07bargem, Sagaciousphil, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, Kp34n7qy and Anonymous: 3 • St. Bernard (dog) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bernard_(dog)?oldid=663144537 Contributors: The Anome, Novalis, Lif- tarn, Sannse, Ahoerstemeier, Muriel Gottrop~enwiki, Vargenau, Lfh, Geary, Psmith, Chris 73, Lowellian, David Gerard, Smjg, DocWat- son42, MPF, Elf, MSGJ, Henry Flower, Matthias Bauer, Chowbok, Sonjaaa, PDH, RetiredUser2, Tsemii, D6, Night Gyr, ESkog, Den- nis Brown, Bobo192, MarkHab, Alansohn, TheParanoidOne, QVanillaQ, Trysha, BDD, Gene Nygaard, Kitch, TShilo12, Brookie, Bo- brayner, Alvis, Woohookitty, Camw, LOL, Hailey C. Shannon, Davidfstr, WoLpH, Graham87, Bruce1ee, FlaBot, Pfctdayelise, Who, RexNL, CiaPan, Chobot, Roboto de Ajvol, The Rambling Man, YurikBot, Wavelength, Split, Sceptre, Phantomsteve, RussBot, Arado, Hede2000, ZacharyS, Hydrargyrum, Lord Voldemort, Bill52270, Gaius Cornelius, Curtis Clark, Chariset, Brandon, Coderzombie, Nick C, AdelaMae, Tekana, Bantosh, Davydsmith, Tevildo, LeonardoRob0t, Limasbravo, JLaTondre, Garion96, TLSuda, Groyolo, That Guy, From That Show!, Dsreyn, SmackBot, Reedy, Hydrogen Iodide, Gwax, Eskimbot, Lengis, Teimu.tm, Mr. Stabs, Yamaguchi 先 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 471

⽣, Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, Skizzik, Amatulic, Bluebot, Temiree, ERobson, JaneS54, Eli Schwartz, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Jennica, Rrburke, TonySt, VMS Mosaic, MtHermit, Legaleagle86, Dreadstar, Marianin, DMacks, Grace Explosives, Yoza- kura~enwiki, Esrever, JzG, FireInMySoul, Stefan2, Yogesh Khandke, Ke4qqq, Beetstra, Mr Stephen, Optakeover, Pharaoh Hound, Pe- ter Horn, Dodo bird, Smudger2, Norm mit, Ginkgo100, HelloAnnyong, Iridescent, Clarityfiend, Wfgiuliano, Chriscobar, Bruinfan12, Tawkerbot2, Plasma Twa 2, Xcentaur, JForget, Picaroon, R9tgokunks, Moreschi, Malamockq, Ezekiel., Red Director, Corpx, Difluo- roethene, B, DumbBOT, Chrislk02, MayaSimFan, Coaster1983, Buistr, Thijs!bot, Headbomb, Marek69, JustAGal, Aquilosion, Amrush, Captain Crawdad, Escarbot, Hmrox, Thadius856, AntiVandalBot, Paste, ABart26, Jj137, Dfitzgerald, Txomin, Kissmequick, Endlessdan, Andonic, Sloberdog, Thescreamingdwarf, .anacondabot, Magioladitis, Connormah, Tedickey, CalWikiUser, Esprqii, Galifardeu, Dk228, WODUP, WhatamIdoing, Zaluckyb, Patstuart, Jonomacdrones, MartinBot, IgorSF, Takin23, StaraBlazkova~enwiki, JoKing, R7846352, DerRichter, Alien2alien, Jarhed, Tgeairn, Koplimek, J.delanoy, Trusilver, Numbo3, Dssmandvi, Naruttebayo, Acalamari, It Is Me Here, Enuja, Ozestrange, Jaqfrench, Je at uwo, Mangwanani, DorganBot, Destiny1919, Richard New Forest, SimDarthMaul, Sam Blacketer, CWii, GrizzleGreedigut, Jeff G., Jollyjoegiant, Smallducks, Dougie monty, TXiKiBoT, Wiki guy94, NPrice, Frog47, Lradrama, Jack- fork, Mastifflvr, BotKung, Wolit, Billinghurst, Alaskanativeson, Enviroboy, Brianga, AlleborgoBot, Logan, Demize, Wraithdart, In- terEditor, SieBot, Editor94, Moonriddengirl, Scarian, WereSpielChequers, BotMultichill, Phe-bot, The very model of a minor general, Merotoker1, Radon210, Oda Mari, Oxymoron83, Sonnenshein, Lanna9013, Lightmouse, IceDraggin, Poindexter Propellerhead, Fratrep, Seedbot, Mygerardromance, Paulinho28, Pinkadelica, Aenglander, Tangmonkey, Hafwyn, WikipedianMarlith, Mr. Granger, ClueBot, LAX, Synthiac, Arakunem, Hafspajen, Cam27, Niceguyedc, Blanchardb, LizardJr8, Vallath, Eeekster, 7&6=thirteen, Muro Bot, Rui Gabriel Correia, Beekersk8, Versus22, Teleomatic, MelonBot, SoxBot III, Anon126, Xskatebakerrx, Reako, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, Tealwisp, TimTay, AgnosticPreachersKid, Asmodeus Samael, Mifter, Noctibus, Zacharie Grossen, Mooredesigns, Eupraxia, Addbot, Cxz111, Dunhere, Stbernard, Emastiffowner, Ronhjones, Fieldday-sunday, Fluffernutter, Samforrest, Patgurria, Lalalosurr, LAAFan, Favonian, Tide rolls, Lightbot, 123dylan456, Alexd18, Ben Ben, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Fraggle81, Casinote, Aussieluver90, Red devil1968, Eric-Wester, Dogtrainernyc, AnomieBOT, Collieuk, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, 90 Auto, Citation bot, ArthurBot, Xqbot, 4I7.4I7, Expert- nature, JBcallOnMe, Mastifowners, Epoch101, RibotBOT, Kodathesoda, Vittuone, Miyagawa, SD5, Hersfold tool account, Spongefrog, Wojohnson6, FrescoBot, Mark8084, KuroiShiroi, Citation bot 1, AstaBOTh15, Pinethicket, Mediatech492, D climacus, Stelmaris, Lotje, Callanecc, SilverDragon234, 777sms, Blondiee22, Defender of torch, Wjohnson16, Tbhotch, Reach Out to the Truth, RjwilmsiBot, Ej- green77, Kopekhesabi, EmausBot, Heracles31, Abby 92, Harver D., Iani63, The Blade of the Northern Lights, ZéroBot, John Cline, Sagaciousphil, Bamyers99, Jay-Sebastos, MastiffHistorian, Moosiy, Donduffino, Mastiffexpertise, Sven Manguard, E. Fokker, Trusthe- music, Mastiffkennel, ClueBot NG, Sammore2000, Rushton2010, Felixmr, Bull0120, O.Koslowski, Crazymonkey1123, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, ERJANIK, Jayakaran jacob ebenezer, Vvven, Al12179, Mdann52, Nicolewashere, TheJJJunk, VitisAestivalis, Dexbot, Arantz, Sminthopsis84, MilfordBoy1991, ProfessorTofty, 93, Everymorning, Santy1234567, My name is not dave, StanleyGrohl, Soli- taryFortress, Magabi14, Meemo16, Monkbot, Jackson Mcfalls, Minnieloveshorses, Gmira99, Sheldoncooperturle and Anonymous: 575 • St. John's water dog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John'{}s_water_dog?oldid=651921225 Contributors: Mattflaschen, Var- laam, SoWhy, Quill, Jayjg, FT2, Trysha, GreatGatsby, Jeff3000, Tbjornstad, HJKeats, Apokryltaros, EEMIV, SMcCandlish, SmackBot, Pwt898, Reedy, Hmains, Chris the speller, Pharaoh Hound, Twas Now, Steven Walling, JoKing, Cú Faoil, Mr. Shean, Hamiltondaniel, Mister Gallagher, Hafwyn, ClueBot, Nora Bayes, Hafspajen, Alexbot, 7&6=thirteen, Thewellman, Matma Rex, Addbot, LaaknorBot, Specious, Momoricks, LilHelpa, JuliusNero, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, Trust Is All You Need, Moonraker, Evanaeus, Swestfall1, Lorethiel, GoingBatty, ZéroBot, ClueBot NG, Danml283, Zeroyon01, Mogism, Aecrane and Anonymous: 33 • Stabyhoun Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabyhoun?oldid=664399868 Contributors: Tedernst, Sannse, CatherineMunro, Francs2000, Elf, Everyking, Mboverload, Sam Hocevar, Neutrality, NrDg, Plugwash, CanisRufus, Spearhead, Cmdrjameson, Trysha, Gene Nygaard, Alai, Dismas, Woohookitty, Gimboid13, SteveCrook, Sango123, FlaBot, Bgwhite, YurikBot, Wavelength, RussBot, Fnorp, Deskana, Wolfling, Tekana, Reedy, OrphanBot, Kleuske, Yozakura~enwiki, NeilFraser, Avitya, Euchiasmus, Tamarkot, Eduardwitteveen, Thijs!bot, Sjoerd.klaveringa, Cinnamon42, Magioladitis, Movingimage, Khehk, Sudewyn, Igglybuff63, TUFOWKTM, Rosedhu, SieBot, StAnselm, Lucasbfrbot, Beeblebrox, Sabbe, Winston365, Shawnregan, Dthomsen8, Addbot, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, Hairhorn, Xqbot, Miyagawa, LucienBOT, A8UDI, Stabyhoun, Alewijnsej, Pawsonm, EmausBot, ZéroBot, ChuispastonBot, Jk2q3jrklse, BG19bot, Bordercolliez, Fyl- becatulous, Vvven, Elementarteilchen~enwiki, Robevans123, Hanwoods, Fractine, Hichen and Anonymous: 23 • Staffordshire Bull Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staffordshire_Bull_Terrier?oldid=664174413 Contributors: Zippy, Hep- haestos, Sannse, Andrewa, Ghewgill, Lfh, Michael Reiter, Snickerdo, Warofdreams, Pigsonthewing, Psychonaut, Centrx, Elf, Marcusvox, ChicXulub, RobinCarmody, MarkSweep, JoJan, Ary29, Sam Hocevar, Oknazevad, Quill, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, LindsayH, Notinasnaid, Lachatdelarue, Kbh3rd, CanisRufus, MBisanz, Mattisgoo, Bobo192, Cmdrjameson, Burbster, Zetawoof, Justinc, Dan- ski14, Tavdy79, Alansohn, Free Bear, Trysha, Andrewpmk, Versageek, Gene Nygaard, Bobrayner, Firsfron, Jannex, Camw, SP-KP, Fugue~enwiki, AnmaFinotera, GiveBlood, Theboywonder, Bremen, Gurch, Nengli02, Escobar600ie, Davinci18, YurikBot, Stephenb, Shell Kinney, Gaius Cornelius, WolvenRose, LaLa, Tekana, Wknight94, Zzuuzz, Tevildo, MisChef, Groyolo, SmackBot, Amcbride, Reedy, KnowledgeOfSelf, McGeddon, Gsdlova, AndreasJS, Thorrune, Yamaguchi 先⽣, Cheesy mike, Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, Chris the speller, Cgoodwin, MidgleyDJ, ZhongHan, OrphanBot, Snowbound, Thunderstruck!, Poposhka, DinosaursLoveExistence, Nakon, Drunken Whale, Jitterro, Yozakura~enwiki, Ck lostsword, SirIsaacBrock, SashatoBot, JzG, John, Rileypie, IronGargoyle, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Mfield, Nehrams2020, Sikis, CapitalR, TrisJ, Tawkerbot2, CmdrObot, GollyG, What is a username?, Cydebot, Lt- shears, Tawkerbot4, Clovis Sangrail, Daniel Olsen, Nol888, Coaster1983, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Marek69, Ray harris1989, Fenrisulfr, OrenBochman, Lithpiperpilot, Oosh, Mmortal03, AntiVandalBot, RobotG, Shirt58, Jimbo91uk, TuvicBot, Justinhwang1996, JAnDbot, Porky Pig, MER-C, Ericoides, RebelRobot, Mantion, SiobhanHansa, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Bcsr4ever, JamesBWatson, Trugster, Der- Hexer, Philg88, Serenitylopez, Lost tourist, Yozzer66, MartinBot, Lahaun, J.delanoy, Anas Salloum, Uncle Dick, Vanished user 342562, Hair Commodore, Ukpop, Zumwalder, KRMike, Astro$01, SJP, Cometstyles, Vanished user 39948282, Holme053, Staffycross, Fire- side mel, Philip Trueman, Certiorari, Baileypalblue, Rei-bot, Wikidemon, MattiKt, Vanished user ikijeirw34iuaeolaseriffic, Seachmall, Martin451, ^demonBot2, Tectonics, Epopp, Falcon8765, Vector Potential, C-dog2515, Portia327, Garcia210, SieBot, Tresiden, Volde- more, Toddst1, Wvtalbot, Bob98133, Seedbot, Chrisrus, Vanished User 8902317830, Altzinn, RiotMonday, Slippies, Loren.wilton, ClueBot, Dpomeray, The Thing That Should Not Be, Rjd0060, Medoey1329, Burkeza, Hafspajen, Mspraveen, Excirial, Alexbot, Nib- dawg, Arjayay, SchreiberBike, 7, Thekennelclub, MelonBot, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, Nnewton, TimTay, XLinkBot, NellieBly, Addbot, Tcncv, Queenmomcat, Shadowkittie5460, Db tatts, Darwin-rover, Ronhjones, Magicbone, TutterMouse, Fieldday-sunday, Zarcadia, Ka Faraq Gatri, Download, Green Squares, FrysUniverse, DementedPsyche, Tassedethe, Amj1217, Gnidgnu, Verminousobscenity, Bar- neybaby, Swarm, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Fraggle81, DanielJDunn, AmeliorationBot, Eric-Wester, Synchronism, AnomieBOT, Roddies- tar, Rubinbot, 1anatolian, Chels0151, 9258fahsflkh917fas, Piano non troppo, Ulric1313, Mokoniki, Materialscientist, Limideen, Bre- van, Cra130, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Nasnema, Kokoromo32, Gensanders, Rumblestaff, Lopedog, Jsharpminor, Sir Stanley, Mattg82, De- mentedSBTs, Chrisjstanton, Coldworm, Shadowjams, Miyagawa, Yr12ls isc, Ballard12, FrescoBot, Tacosunday, Pete2711, Sahmejil, 472 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Robertdowne, Pinethicket, Trijnstel, TurbidTongue, Triplestop, A8UDI, Barras, Cuti4rmbedstuy, MrX, Cassianto, Tadhg O'Flaherty, Dhickey90, RjwilmsiBot, Neube2b, Mrs Staffies, BjörnBergman, Nostalgic34, Uscgrl, EmausBot, Kieranearth, ScottyBerg, Racerx11, YolandaHeath, Dman31619, Sagaciousphil, Ksu6500, Ernest Quinch, Luv Mitsy, Wiooiw, RaptureBot, Gio Bianconeri, Reberlator, Wally Wiglet, Smokeyjoe123, Donner60, GlebeChris, Manytexts, Brentvollrath, Petrb, Xanchester, ClueBot NG, E132591, Jk2q3jrklse, Rafik- iSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, Nirame, Kylesmum, Trigg hound 2, Soniataylor47, Wawacan, CitationCleanerBot, Dmreiner, Alhambra91, Jbrodin66, Vvven, BattyBot, Osiris, Mustangmai, Mrt3366, Tha1uw4nt, Webclient101, 1Dxxx, GeeRBee, Timisa, SteenthIWbot, Louis- APBT, IObey iPod, RotlinkBot, Marinescu.oana, Harlem Baker Hughes, Bouylie, Sheepnoless, Ginsuloft, Nitzo, Cralton, DogLover12a3, NotSoSlimShady98, MATER .ARJUNSP, Aliviah 11, Lizard King1503, Egarzo, Darkonni, Shooun and Anonymous: 580 • Stephens Cur Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Cur?oldid=644287101 Contributors: Stevietheman, Ylem, Coaster1983, Malcolmxl5, Chrisrus, SilvonenBot, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Miyagawa, Tacosunday, Ejgreen77, BG19bot and Anonymous: 5 • Styrian Coarse-haired Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrian_Coarse-haired_Hound?oldid=644518437 Contributors: Elf, Kbdank71, Gaius Cornelius, Algont, ShakingSpirit, Caronna, Blufawn, Keesiewonder, TXiKiBoT, Magichands, Tikuko, Hafwyn, Dthom- sen8, Avalik, Addbot, Fluffernutter, Yobot, Dhidalgo, Xqbot, Kelvin Samuel, Kmw2700, Ejgreen77, EmausBot, ZéroBot, KLBot2, Justincheng12345-bot, Monkbot and Anonymous: 3 • Sussex Spaniel Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sussex_Spaniel?oldid=643494584 Contributors: Sj, Femto, Guy Harris, Reedy, Cheesy mike, Quidam65, Mbertsch, Bejnar, SashatoBot, Pharaoh Hound, RichardF, Dodo bird, CmdrObot, Cydebot, HauntingYourKids, Casliber, Karebear2884, Movingimage, VolkovBot, GijsvdL, Hmwith, SieBot, Alviats, Seedbot, Raam subbu, Hafspajen, Excirial, Chan- cellorBen, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, Islandsaints, Rror, Hunter Kahn, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Jeni, LilHelpa, Stanleyeddy, Miyagawa, Simple Bob, HRoestBot, Gsd166, RjwilmsiBot, Altes2009, LittleMissWikipoo, EmausBot, H3llBot, ClueBot NG, RafikiSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, Vvven, Prof. Squirrel, RotlinkBot, Noyster, Cavalryman V31, Darkonni, Alicecarefootlloyd and Anonymous: 18 • Swedish Lapphund Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Lapphund?oldid=655061340 Contributors: SmackBot, Valich, Mr Stephen, R9tgokunks, Seaphoto, M8v2, KConWiki, S, Dom Kaos, Oshwah, Michaeldsuarez, GijsvdL, Kktor, SieBot, Hafwyn, Alexbot, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Dthomsen8, Scorese, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Swimandrow, Xqbot, Herdinginstincts, Miyagawa, BenzolBot, EmausBot, John of Reading, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Eynsteinn, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, Vvven, YFdyh-bot and Anonymous: 9 • Swedish Vallhund Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Vallhund?oldid=655482795 Contributors: Dante Alighieri, Liftarn, Sannse, Angela, Ttkorhon, Mervyn, Elf, The Singing Badger, Oneiros, Remuel, Trysha, Rrenaud, Woohookitty, Hailey C. Shannon, BD2412, Rjwilmsi, FlaBot, YurikBot, Muu-karhu, Lucky number 49, Tevildo, Garion96, Crystallina, SmackBot, Haza-w, Reedy, Es- kimbot, Wakuran, The Helper S, Snowmanradio, Wizardman, Yozakura~enwiki, Mr Stephen, Pharaoh Hound, Andreas td, Scooternz, Cydebot, Pleple2000, Thijs!bot, PhilKnight, Magioladitis, Movingimage, KConWiki, Dorte Nielsen, Catxx, Arabicmastiff, SoCalSu- perEagle, Richard New Forest, Nikthestunned, Dom Kaos, Alabasterchinchilla, TXiKiBoT, Hafwyn, ClueBot, LP-mn, Hafspajen, P. S. Burton, PixelBot, Arjayay, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, Prof Wrong, Scorese, MystBot, MatthewVanitas, Addbot, Lightbot, Zorrobot, Uberkiki, Melvalevis, AnomieBOT, L3lackEyedAngels, Miyagawa, George2001hi, FrescoBot, Unixfg, Xivix, EmausBot, The Blade of the Northern Lights, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Genejock, Eynsteinn, Sibby43, Snotbot, NeverDoING, Yitzachmmeyer, Aj02, Yellapig PhD, Katiepl0x, WestportWiki, Vvven, Zeroyon01, Mogism, RotlinkBot, SwedishVallhund, Erickspedian, RegiusLudentis and Anony- mous: 73 • Tahltan Bear Dog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahltan_Bear_Dog?oldid=663518647 Contributors: Explorenorth, Red dwarf, Simtropolitan, NawlinWiki, Apokryltaros, Asarelah, W3bj3d1, Cogito-ergo-sum, Pharaoh Hound, Cydebot, Bcsr4ever, ArmadilloFromHell, Pbedregal, ELLusKa 86, Martin451, ^demonBot2, Altenhofen, Alexbot, Razorflame, WikHead, Addbot, Mononomic, Gatorgirl7563, Miyagawa, Thehelpfulbot, Kmoksy, ChrisGualtieri, Zeroyon01, Sara buffalo, Dough34 and Anonymous: 16 • Taigan Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taigan?oldid=633182983 Contributors: Nsaa, Vmenkov, RussBot, Marishka, JLaTondre, Chris the speller, Jan Eduard, Pleple2000, CommonsDelinker, JamesR, Idioma-bot, WereSpielChequers, Faradayplank, Alexbot, Pixel- Bot, SchreiberBike, Addbot, Jncraton, Lightbot, WuBot, Yobot, Kidd mahem, Tux-Man, Allajar, Kprwiki, ZéroBot, SunglassesRcool, Jk2q3jrklse, Hergilei, MaybeMaybeMaybe and Anonymous: 11 • Talbot (dog) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talbot_(dog)?oldid=629884012 Contributors: Verloren, Montrealais, Andrewman327, Tpbradbury, Bearcat, JustinHall, Ancheta Wis, Elf, Func, Trysha, Hailey C. Shannon, A Train, Kushboy, WritersCramp, Ninly, Smack- Bot, Reedy, Weregerbil, Little tinyfish, Pharaoh Hound, After Midnight, Thijs!bot, Anthonyh007, Just Chilling, Andonic, JNW, Bel- lajolie, TXiKiBoT, Bedwyr, Steven J. Anderson, Beaglespanner, Hafwyn, CurlyGirl93, Drmies, Profetarr, Jasonstru, Evan02, Addbot, Laxxplaya91, Download, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Ptbotgourou, Collieuk, Dhidalgo, LilHelpa, Jeffrey Mall, Purplebackpack89, Edtechwiki, Miyagawa, Tom714uk, GrapedApe, Bgpaulus, Kgrad, Cleanboot, Sagaciousphil, ClueBot NG, Nirame, Vvven, Onepebble, Cavalryman V31 and Anonymous: 19 • Tamaskan Dog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaskan_Dog?oldid=663099726 Contributors: Bearcat, Rich Farmbrough, An- thony Appleyard, Mathmo, Teque5, DVdm, RussBot, Erielhonan, SMcCandlish, SmackBot, C.Fred, Patrickneil, Sarysa, Canthusus, Big- steeve, Wizardman, Ged UK, Octan, Extremophile, Peter R Hastings, Dodo bird, Iridescent, Caronna, Montanabw, Blufawn, Metanoid, DumbBOT, Coaster1983, Nick Number, PhilKnight, WolfmanSF, Lizzysama, Steven Walling, Dorte Nielsen, Dark hyena, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Juliancolton, ShadowRAM, Black Kite, Amit tammu, Nosferatuslayer, Steven J. Anderson, One half 3544, Tikuko, Geanixx, Lucasbfrbot, Fratrep, Hamiltondaniel, Escape Orbit, Explicit, ClueBot, EoGuy, Nickersonl, JamieS93, WhiteOakTree, Exhaustfumes, Sharkeyz, Cbannow, Onefivenine, XLinkBot, Adamxg, Inugami-bargho, MystBot, Addbot, Magicbone, Finnw, Tyw7, Ben Ben, Yobot, 2D, Fraggle81, AnomieBOT, Jim1138, Piano non troppo, Stanislao Avogadro, Sketchmoose, Mariomassone, MCDD417, Virgenmatt, Philip72, Thejadefalcon, George2001hi, FrescoBot, PedanticSophist, Askakun, Lotje, Ejgreen77, TjBot, Weakopedia, Azdehlin, Cgsu- perhero, Rightpuppykennel, EmausBot, Ksettineri, Tamaskanwolfdog, Sylvaen, Whahapretty, SunOfErat, Sagaciousphil, Demonkoryu, QEDK, Coasterlover1994, ClueBot NG, Bobjacksson, Ik99, Rskarz, Last Revanant, Bigmike4735, Mcj86gs, Frze, Weldergirl18, Swim- champ84, Zeroyon01, TamaskanHusky, Canarian, Epicgenius, Sick Of Spin, Boreal kp, WikiMM, Poachersfarm and Anonymous: 126 • Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddy_Roosevelt_Terrier?oldid=655679329 Contributors: Rmhermen, Bearcat, Elf, Quill, Xezbeth, Trysha, BDD, Gurch, InsertNameHere, SmackBot, NinaB, Yozakura~enwiki, Pharaoh Hound, Macboots, Epopp, Struway, Triwbe, Fratrep, Hafwyn, Alexbot, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Dthomsen8, Addbot, Queenmomcat, Debresser, Yobot, Sophus Bie, Miyagawa, George2001hi, NCGingerHounds, Teddies4me, Weebits, Ejgreen77, Dkm1987, ChrisGualtieri, BierInTrout and Anonymous: 23 • Telomian Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomian?oldid=621406142 Contributors: Skysmith, Axeman89, SmackBot, MaliNor- way, Eastlaw, Mojo Hand, Leolaursen, TXiKiBoT, Chrisrus, Alexbot, Amir Hamzah 2008, Inugami-bargho, Good Olfactory, Addbot, 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 473

Ryan.virgo, Collieuk, Lesmkuen, Zxabot, Mariomassone, GrouchoBot, LittleWink, Proki, Chipmunkdavis, Slon02, John of Reading, TYelliot, ClueBot NG, Helpful Pixie Bot, Titodutta, MaybeMaybeMaybe, Canarian and Anonymous: 7 • Treeing Tennessee Brindle Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treeing_Tennessee_Brindle?oldid=542809712 Contributors: Lady- ofShalott, Raps0007, PixelBot, Addbot, Lightbot, Luckas-bot, Ejgreen77, ClueBot NG, Ryan Vesey, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, Calabe1992, Deathlasersonline, Samhelper, Makecat-bot and Anonymous: 1 • Tenterfield Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenterfield_Terrier?oldid=653363833 Contributors: Sannse, Elf, Niteowl- neils, Steven jones, ChicXulub, Quill, Trysha, QuixoticKate, Bremen, Maltmomma, JarrahTree, AMsisscorsister, SmackBot, Reedy, Hmains, Cgoodwin, TheDude1970, Yozakura~enwiki, Shoeofdeath, Remoah, Seaphoto, Julia Rossi, Magioladitis, Bcsr4ever, Wajoma, Mintypoo, Hafwyn, Niceguyedc, Mwgjordan, Dana boomer, Dthomsen8, Addbot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Xqbot, Bobandco, Miyagawa, George2001hi, TobeBot, Flaming turkey man, Tgoodwil, ZéroBot, ClueBot NG, Satellizer, Mummy-whale, Snotbot, Bentaiki, Widr, Jk2q3jrklse, BG19bot, Vvven, Davenemirovsky, DaltonCastle, WolfShadow9192 and Anonymous: 12 • Terceira Mastiff Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_Mastiff?oldid=655473657 Contributors: SMcCandlish, Magioladitis, Denisarona, Yobot, Shadowjams, Canarian, Drealmere and Anonymous: 2 • Thai Bangkaew Dog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Bangkaew_Dog?oldid=660199254 Contributors: Sannse, Ahoerste- meier, Elf, Quill, Justinc, Trysha, Uceboyx, Woohookitty, Tbjornstad, Agibney, Mandarax, Bremen, Dysmorodrepanis~enwiki, Shirley Ku, SMcCandlish, SmackBot, Reedy, Pepoe, Cydebot, Ltshears, Thijs!bot, Bobblehead, MER-C, Magioladitis, CommonsDelinker, Melanochromis, TXiKiBoT, AlleborgoBot, Chrisrus, Ixectrona, Hafwyn, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Addbot, Jarble, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, Dhidalgo, Miyagawa, Chumsangsongkram, EmausBot, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Cooked1, Futurist.Gin, KLL Joe, ClueBot NG, Hergilei, ChrisGualtieri, Canarian, Editor abcdef, W boonying04 and Anonymous: 29 • Thai Ridgeback Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Ridgeback?oldid=654181914 Contributors: Elf, Kattenkruid, Bobo192, Trysha, Mac Davis, Firsfron, Tbjornstad, Rjwilmsi, FlaBot, Kummi, YurikBot, Waterguy, Shirley Ku, SMcCandlish, Bibliomaniac15, Reedy, NaiPiak, GraemeMcRae, Retrofire, Algont, Lisasmall, Yozakura~enwiki, Rockpocket, Ekm02001, Pharaoh Hound, Pepoe, Caronna, Cydebot, Thijs!bot, Erudasi, Ty683g542, Seaphoto, Beaumont, Japo, Rezd, J.delanoy, Clerks, ELLusKa 86, TXiKiBoT, Bsh- err, Fratrep, Chrisrus, Hafwyn, ClueBot, Hafspajen, Ngebendi, Melon247, Rui Gabriel Correia, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, Mnemiszatco- geco.ca, SilvonenBot, Aononemoose, Addbot, Download, Rboitson, Meko walker, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Momoricks, Misosoup32, Col- lieuk, Dhidalgo, Regalthai, Jere7, Tad Lincoln, Tux-Man, Kt mac32, Trdpreservation, Oldsingerman20, MastiBot, Crusoe8181, Dinamik- bot, EmausBot, พีรวิชญ์ 2010, Sagaciousphil, Odessit2001~enwiki, ClueBot NG, Darknes26, Snotbot, Masssly, Jk2q3jrklse, Canarian, Filedelinkerbot, Editor abcdef and Anonymous: 69 • Tibetan Mastiff Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Mastiff?oldid=663860868 Contributors: Fred Bauder, Redwolf~enwiki, Ijon, Kaare, Hadal, DocWatson42, Elf, RScheiber, Trek011~enwiki, Bornintheguz, Discospinster, Lachatdelarue, CanisRufus, Lauras- cudder, Elipongo, RussBlau, Pearle, Trysha, Yeu Ninje, RJFJR, Bonzo, Versageek, Woohookitty, Acerperi, Hailey C. Shannon, Gra- ham87, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, Wareq, Preslethe, Osamakiller357, FeldBum, Gdrbot, Bgwhite, YurikBot, RobotE, Rtkat3, WritersCramp, Icarus3, Chris Capoccia, Stephenb, Gaius Cornelius, Ksyrie, CambridgeBayWeather, Nicke L, BusterD, Shirley Ku, Spondoolicks, Tevildo, SmackBot, MattieTK, Reedy, Gilliam, Geethanjali, Ohnoitsjamie, Ajsh, NCurse, OrphanBot, Snowmanradio, Lennylim, Fitzhugh, Fireashes, Yozakura~enwiki, SashatoBot, Traceywashere, Joelmills, Lsxxsc, Minna Sora no Shita, Mets501, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, ShakingSpirit, HongQiGong, Martin Kozák, Jayjy, Bruinfan12, Cydebot, Myscrnnm, Ghostexorcist, GKS, Sturm55, Luna Santin, Jvkaatz, Darklilac, Barek, Hut 8.5, LittleOldMe, Magioladitis, VoABot II, CalWikiUser, Ahecht, Rydra Wong, MartinBot, WikiMan- Green, R'n'B, Rarek9s, EdBever, Sfaiku, Mike.lifeguard, BrokenSphere, Skier Dude, Kesal, Berseeker, Jammmy, Cometstyles, Dennis Myts, Hkwon, Carnage2000, S, VolkovBot, SkinnyV, Cú Faoil, TXiKiBoT, Ocolon, Untrod Tripod, Imbris, Alaskanativeson, Falcon8765, Logan, Ehsan Mehrmam, TG380, Malcolmxl5, BotMultichill, Winchelsea, Da Joe, Ravensfire, Khanele, Minamieda, Chadsnook, Fratrep, Miladojka~enwiki, RitchieRitch69, FMMonty, Ptr123, ImageRemovalBot, Hafwyn, Mr. Granger, Martarius, Curious brain, Jan1nad, Chessy999, Drmies, Sevilledade, Hafspajen, Haohanxu, Jusdafax, Kanguole, PixelBot, Lartoven, Ngebendi, 7&6=thirteen, Redthoreau, Staygyro, Shawis, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, SilvonenBot, MystBot, Felix Folio Secundus, Addbot, Slopesidetms, Queen- momcat, Montgomery '39, Asfreeas, ClassicGeek, Toepoaster, Glane23, West.andrew.g, Littleduck730, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Pietrow, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Deathbyhornet, AnomieBOT, Hamilton01, Wuqiqiang, Zangao518, Ackya~enwiki, Sz-iwbot, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, Materialscientist, DCLive, GB fan, ArthurBot, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Mariomassone, Anna Frodesiak, RibotBOT, Cougarshk, Dhundul, White whirlwind, Miyagawa, Cekli829, FrescoBot, Pseudooracle, VS6507, BenzolBot, Theige, Wilmateng, Pinethicket, Toasted bmt with chilli and ketchup, Orenburg1, Kelvin Samuel, Oberonfitch, Sideways713, Devilsadvocate21, RjwilmsiBot, Autumnalmonk, Aure- lius2007, Jasteffel, Venaca, Alfredo ougaowen, Wowformore, Sagaciousphil, AvicAWB, ClueBot NG, Andrei S, Dwanawana, Eeyinn, Aristitleism, CReep, Tideflat, Widr, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, HEFTLI, Strike Eagle, KLBot2, BG19bot, TheLastNeanderthal, Cowisdog, Konstacu, Sanimsingh, Ruth.joon, ElfGrove, Aznkevy, Hsizang, Makecat-bot, Cadillac000, Grapefruitrenegade, Matty.007, Xuzhenqinandy, Zanski, Manul, Noteswork, Thewaytoaavas, Monkbot, Knutjb, Willoughbyway, Rakesh Elan, Xargs25, Jimwalrod, Love- wablemii, Dmadiedo, Lnpeters, Abu Musa Ibraheem, Thedogmag, Tibetan Paradise, Anshulhcl0001 and Anonymous: 327 • Tibetan Spaniel Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Spaniel?oldid=662216482 Contributors: Carey Evans, Sannse, RodC, Elf, Arminius, Quill18, Trysha, SidP, Bonzo, Magister Mathematicae, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, Matt Deres, FlaBot, RexNL, Anomie, Tekana, Shirley Ku, Open2universe, Thelb4, SmackBot, Reedy, Gilliam, Geethanjali, Dantadd, Yozakura~enwiki, SashatoBot, Gobonobo, Mr Stephen, NJA, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, HongQiGong, Cydebot, Pleple2000, Ltshears, CSquared, Galinka, JaGa, MartinBot, Space- flower, KylieTastic, VolkovBot, Cuddlyable3, GijsvdL, Sevela.p, SieBot, Keilana, ImageRemovalBot, Hafwyn, ClueBot, Vaken Cato, RashersTierney, Sbbach, ChrisHamburg, Mashzeroth, Shawnregan, GM Pink Elephant, Wanasea, MystBot, Addbot, Lindert, Laaknor- Bot, Chzz, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Jolly momma, Dhidalgo, Bereapirate32, GB fan, Xqbot, CLotus, Tyrol5, Cougarshk, Doulos Chris- tos, Miyagawa, Andyman14, Aegresen, John of Reading, Sagaciousphil, SporkBot, Donner60, ClueBot NG, Rob Moroto, Keetanii, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, Tyler-parks, Trumpkinius, BattyBot, Aecrane, Killuminator, Budgielover2988, OccultZone, Filedelinkerbot, Cavalryman V31 and Anonymous: 79 • Tibetan Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Terrier?oldid=656988296 Contributors: Malcolm Farmer, Elf, Bobblewik, Mike Rosoft, MisterSheik, AJP, MelSkunk, Liveforever, Ranveig, Walter Görlitz, Trysha, Woohookitty, SP-KP, Bgwhite, YurikBot, RussBot, Turk99, Welsh, Shirley Ku, Tevildo, Garion96, SmackBot, Gsdlova, Geethanjali, Ajsh, Chris the speller, Phrique, Yoza- kura~enwiki, TenPoundHammer, Lambiam, Joelmills, Dumelow, Mr Stephen, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, EPO, HongQiGong, Ryjlars, Pudeo, Cydebot, Keeshu, Thijs!bot, Res2216firestar, MER-C, Magioladitis, KConWiki, J.delanoy, EscapingLife, LordAnubisBOT, Spaceflower, NewEnglandYankee, VolkovBot, TashiD, PateraIncus, Logan, Kennyquator, Epsomfrog, JetLover, Fratrep, Hafwyn, Tdthomas42, Musamies, Hafspajen, Dekisugi, Rommy~enwiki, MelonBot, JGG123, Shawnregan, Dthomsen8, Addbot, LaaknorBot, Buster7, Favo- nian, Arwsto12, Tide rolls, Contributor777, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Rubinbot, Piano non troppo, Newyorkcheesecake, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, 474 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Citation bot, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Jeffrey Mall, Polyphebus, Sushiflinger, Tom12345678nine10, Citation bot 1, Satdeep Gill, EmausBot, Sagaciousphil, Jgodwinmedic1, Ckotmcq, Peter Karlsen, ClueBot NG, MarkGiard, Eynsteinn, Michaelhahha, Jk2q3jrklse, WinterPetals, Drneilb, BattyBot, ChrisGualtieri, Mogism, Saminmihail, ਬਿੱਲੀ, Eminaltay, OccultZone, Edith Waring and Anonymous: 94 • Tornjak Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornjak?oldid=655729846 Contributors: Sannse, Joy, Altenmann, Elf, Philwelch, Alexf, Asim Led, Anthony Appleyard, Trysha, AzaToth, SlimVirgin, Saga City, Jeff3000, GregorB, FlaBot, YurikBot, RussBot, Gaius Cor- nelius, DJ Bungi, Aaron Schulz, Tekana, Zec, SmackBot, Reedy, Arny, Chris the speller, OrphanBot, CrnaGora, Smooth O, Sashato- Bot, Traceywashere, Breno, Hu12, CmdrObot, DumbBOT, Thijs!bot, Majorly, Krunobrad, RainbowCrane, Nyttend, Opbeith, David Eppstein, Sideshow Bob, Factanista, Skier Dude, KylieTastic, Richard New Forest, Tar-Elenion, Imbris, SieBot, Ludivine, Seedbot, Prof saxx, Hafwyn, RegentsPark, PipepBot, Qwert.xy, Vinko1, Hafspajen, Alexbot, Nylad, 7&6=thirteen, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Santasa99, Addbot, Tornjakusa, Lightbot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Dhidalgo, LilHelpa, Potočnik, Obersachsebot, Xqbot, Miyagawa, Ke- beta, Elockid, Linguisticgeek, Ali Muratovic, Tbhotch, EmausBot, Angrytoast, Powerfix, Godbreeder1111, Dog boy12, Vividupper12, Quietprice6767, ZéroBot, 12proudshort12, Radiodataradiodataradiodata, Giftelse123, RaptureBot, Eynsteinn, CReep, Avietar~enwiki, Jk2q3jrklse, Shokatz, Vvven, BattyBot, Mirta12, DemirBajraktarevic, ChrisGualtieri, Canarian, Bozera, BosnianBadBoy, Sarr Cat and Anonymous: 144 • Tosa (dog) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosa_(dog)?oldid=663963450 Contributors: Palnatoke, WhisperToMe, Robbot, DocWat- son42, Elf, Gadfium, Andycjp, Mike Rosoft, CALR, MPerel, Trysha, Axl, Spangineer, Emvee~enwiki, Steele Campbell, Woyzzeck~enwiki, Tabletop, Tbjornstad, Graham87, Magister Mathematicae, BD2412, Jonfr, Chobot, Bgwhite, YurikBot, RobotE, Jimp, WritersCramp, Sasuke Sarutobi, Gaius Cornelius, Tekana, Shirley Ku, Garion96, Acacius, SmackBot, Reedy, Eloil, The Famous Movie Director, Ajsh, BabuBhatt, Norman Zylstra, DéRahier, Yozakura~enwiki, Writtenonsand, Llosoc, BionicBoner, Ryulong, Pharaoh Hound, Dl2000, Tube- zone, Shikei, Anton-2492, CmdrObot, Cydebot, Hydraton31, Kayobee, Jayantk, DumbBOT, BulldogPete, Hontogaichiban, Pinky sl, The- goodson, Biruitorul, C-y-r-a-x, Fenrisulfr, Zachary, PottersWood, Yukioti, Sektor1, List of marijuana slang terms, Satou-chan, Evan840, JAnDbot, M4701, Drzero, Magioladitis, Dekimasu, A.J.1.5.2., Lost tourist, Orca Raptalon, Ryan2Duff, J.delanoy, Keesiewonder, Nani- wako, Shoessss, Jarry1250, ELLusKa 86, Philip Trueman, Cú Faoil, Gune, MIZZKIE, AlleborgoBot, Dogah, Tracy jacks, Da Joe, Noveltyghost, Eevaya, Tmy226, Oda Mari, Vanished User 8902317830, Pinkadelica, Mfugue, Hafwyn, The Thing That Should Not Be, Hafspajen, Jusdafax, Superpika66, 7&6=thirteen, SchreiberBike, Dana boomer, Shawnregan, Akakbuto, Addbot, Eichikiyama, Uskill, Favonian, Green Squares, Pdd3517, Yobot, AmericanBang, AnomieBOT, Rubinbot, Mokoniki, LilHelpa, Xqbot, JimVC3, Miyagawa, Erik9bot, Yanajin33, PigFlu Oink, Pinethicket, D4156831968, J789665, Pianoplonkers, Rholme, Marco.calabresi, Superk1a, Emaus- Bot, WikitanvirBot, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Godandicharles, Bill william compton, ClueBot NG, Jk2q3jrklse, BG19bot, Mark Arsten, ThePiston, Alapaha and Anonymous: 147 • Toy Bulldog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Bulldog?oldid=612771472 Contributors: Elf, Siroxo, Arminius, Ccheaton, Trysha, RJFJR, WritersCramp, Icarus3, PaulJones, SmackBot, Reedy, Hmains, Vanished user vjhsduheuiui4t5hjri, Shelley Konk~enwiki, Acrote- rion, SieBot, Vanished User 8902317830, Afru, Lightbot, Yobot, Rcnaranja, Collieuk, SassoBot, Miyagawa, Helpful Pixie Bot, BG19bot, Zeroyon01, Sminthopsis84 and Anonymous: 19 • Toy Fox Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Fox_Terrier?oldid=634529047 Contributors: Stormwriter, Sannse, Timwi, Elf, Nick04, Niteowlneils, Quill, AndrewH, Trysha, Ynhockey, Bonzo, Bremen, Voretus, Maltmomma, Curtis Clark, Thiseye, Open2universe, Mrutan, SmackBot, Reedy, Gsdlova, Yozakura~enwiki, SirIsaacBrock, Salty!, Pharaoh Hound, Cydebot, Ltshears, Catawba, Alexyp, Marek69, Horologium, SuperLuigi31, Buddytft, Magioladitis, VoABot II, NTFTA, Andeveron, AspHuguenot, VasilievVV, Cú Faoil, Ulrika F.~enwiki, Ecw321, 0goodiegoodie0, SieBot, Hafwyn, ClueBot, SurlyGirly, DumZiBoT, Jagrolet, Shawnregan, Addbot, Darwin- rover, CarsracBot, Lightbot, Lilbballgirly11, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Bunnyhop11, AnomieBOT, Materialscientist, ArthurBot, Xqbot, 977el- lie101, Ezguyhere, SassoBot, Ocdeditor, Orenburg1, Ejgreen77, ZéroBot, Coasterlover1994, ClueBot NG, Gareth Griffith-Jones, CocuBot, Vikingsfan31, Jk2q3jrklse, BG19bot, Jemmaca, PwilliamQ99, Khiryn, Haateigh, Vieque, Gulliver the cat! and Anonymous: 46 • Toy Manchester Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Manchester_Terrier?oldid=647262176 Contributors: William Av- ery, Sannse, Elf, Krp~enwiki, Trysha, RJFJR, Bonzo, Coneslayer, Gurch, Open2universe, J. Van Meter, Mais oui!, SmackBot, Reedy, Hmains, Yozakura~enwiki, SirIsaacBrock, Pharaoh Hound, Fsotrain09, Ladros, Cydebot, Magioladitis, Steven Walling, Keith D, Hmwith, Hafwyn, Sanghack, Vulture19, Alexbot, Addbot, TheGeekHead, Darwin-rover, AnomieBOT, Xqbot, Smile regardless, Miyagawa, George2001hi, Ejgreen77, Matthewrbowker, Rocketrod1960, ClueBot NG, Vvven, Darkonni and Anonymous: 14 • Toy Trawler Spaniel Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Trawler_Spaniel?oldid=640159602 Contributors: Mandarax, Fnorp, Messybeast, Tikuko, Tigerboy1966, Geo0910, ZooFari, Addbot, Lightbot, Miyagawa, Jk2q3jrklse, Vvven, Cavalryman V31 and Anony- mous: 1 • Transylvanian Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transylvanian_Hound?oldid=649821741 Contributors: Elf, Anthony App- leyard, Vegaswikian, WillC, SMcCandlish, Erwin, Eastfrisian, Pleple2000, Biruitorul, Victor Blacus, Mike.lifeguard, VolkovBot, Ng.j, Mycomp, Andurz, Squash Racket, WhiteArcticWolf, Alexbot, Melon247, Savolya, Addbot, Lnko2323, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Burrows, Miyagawa, Thehelpfulbot, FrescoBot, Szora, DrilBot, RedBot, Crusoe8181, Tim1357, Alph Bot, Ripchip Bot, Tommy2010, ZéroBot, Dodgeramedwards, Erdelyi kopo, Thehoboclown, Partizanul, Justlettersandnumbers, Keetanii, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, BG19bot, Trigg hound 2, Bucifal, Toteu, Hafspajen (usurped), Jackmcbarn, Wakethesun and Anonymous: 19 • Treeing Cur Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treeing_Cur?oldid=644543919 Contributors: KylieTastic, BigDunc, Tikuko, Moon- riddengirl, Chrisrus, Dthomsen8, Avalik, Addbot, Tigerbreath13, Chmrjg, Luckas-bot, GB fan, Miyagawa, Ejgreen77, RTV67, Dobie80 and Anonymous: 2 • Treeing Walker Coonhound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treeing_Walker_Coonhound?oldid=650535115 Contributors: William Avery, Booyabazooka, Bearcat, Elf, Utcursch, Oknazevad, Rich Farmbrough, Trysha, Runtime, Tabletop, FlaBot, Rsrikanth05, Tekana, Esturcke, Allens, SmackBot, Reedy, Hmains, Chris the speller, Atkineve, Yozakura~enwiki, CmdrObot, Jayaebee, Vanished User jd- ksfajlasd, Ky1958, Nbritton, Sitethief, Cynwolfe, Magioladitis, Steven Walling, EyeSerene, G-my, J.delanoy, Mjmemm, Lechatjaune, Kfrooke, Bordway, Tmitch333, 1234Danny, Kands, Adder0001, ClueBot, The Thing That Should Not Be, Darkwordbender, Hafspa- jen, PixelBot, Mikeisboris, Halynr1600, Elasmosaurus, Shawnregan, Facts707, MystBot, Addbot, Gallopingsquirrels13, 5 albert square, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Anneke9, AnomieBOT, Collieuk, Northisle, Xqbot, Gigemag76, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, Hollakr, Kingkong954, Ej- green77, EmausBot, Coasterlover1994, John W. Hancock, ClueBot NG, Piast93, Jk2q3jrklse, Claytonblackburn, MusikAnimal, Batty- Bot, Hychaguaia, Vandemark, LeahIsSoAwesome, Cluck421, Jeremiah.rathke, Tentinator, Echaese, ClayT66, Wordsperfect and Anony- mous: 80 • Trigg Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigg_Hound?oldid=619151574 Contributors: Bearcat, LadyofShalott, Magioladitis, Dstlascaux, Eeekster, Lightbot, GB fan, Tbhotch, Ejgreen77, RenamedUser01302013, Sharktopus, ScottSteiner, Crazymonkey1123, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, Trigg hound, Trigg hound 2, Monkbot and Anonymous: 2 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 475

• Tweed Water Spaniel Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweed_Water_Spaniel?oldid=620654424 Contributors: Turbojesse, T1980, FlaBot, Intgr, CIreland, SmackBot, Lawrencekhoo, Hmains, Squamate, Jameboy, Pitifulpaul, CommonsDelinker, Keesiewonder, Seattle Skier, Steven J. Anderson, Calineed, Hmwith, Lucasbfrbot, CurlyGirl93, Alexbot, DumZiBoT, Addbot, Lightbot, SouthShooter, Ul- ric1313, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Gigemag76, Miyagawa, SD5, GA bot, GoingBatty, ZéroBot, Spookerton, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, Vvven, Monkbot and Anonymous: 6 • Tyrolean Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrolean_Hound?oldid=657321222 Contributors: Lachatdelarue, SmackBot, Chris the speller, EdGl, Pharaoh Hound, ShakingSpirit, Caronna, Blufawn, Ltshears, Keesiewonder, WarddrBOT, Tikuko, GijsvdL, Dbelange, Shawnregan, MystBot, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Dhidalgo, GB fan, VetLH, Ejgreen77, EmausBot, ChuispastonBot, ClueBot NG and Anony- mous: 5 • Cimarrón Uruguayo Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimarr%C3%B3n_Uruguayo?oldid=655023585 Contributors: Anthony Ap- pleyard, Gene Nygaard, BD2412, FlaBot, SmackBot, Avicennasis, Hoverfish, Hafwyn, Alexbot, Addbot, Favonian, Numbo3-bot, Light- bot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Collieuk, Dhidalgo, Xqbot, GrouchoBot, EmausBot, John of Reading, WikitanvirBot, ZéroBot, Lupus Bellator, Canarian, Rottweiler3 and Anonymous: 5 • Vanjari Hound Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanjari_Hound?oldid=632699604 Contributors: SMcCandlish, Cydebot, HitroMi- lanese, Thijs!bot, Akerbeltz, Tikuko, Deepaklalu, 7&6=thirteen, SilvonenBot, Addbot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Dhidalgo, H8erade, Shad- owjams, Canarian and Anonymous: 1 • Villano de las Encartaciones Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villano_de_las_Encartaciones?oldid=644552314 Contributors: SM- cCandlish, Uhanu, Fabrictramp, Katharineamy, VolkovBot, Tikuko, PixelBot, Dthomsen8, Addbot, Dhidalgo, Venerock, BenzolBot, Altes2009, EmausBot, GoingBatty, Vvven and BattyBot • Vizsla Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizsla?oldid=664065225 Contributors: Dachshund, Jim McKeeth, Dante Alighieri, Liftarn, Sannse, Ogmios~enwiki, Liv~enwiki, Александър, Grin, Coren, Szabi, RedWolf, Klanda, Seano1, Adam78, Elf, Alensha, Bobblewik, ChicXulub, DragonflySixtyseven, Lachatdelarue, CanisRufus, Kwamikagami, Grutness, TheParanoidOne, Trysha, Bonzo, Gene Nygaard, Ghirlandajo, Martian, Pediddle, GVOLTT, Jeff3000, Nklatt, Joke137, BD2412, Rjwilmsi, Guyd, The wub, FlaBot, RexNL, Ronebofh, Chobot, EamonnPKeane, YurikBot, RussBot, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Cryptic, Aetil, Thane, Shanel, Welsh, This- eye, Moe Epsilon, Black Falcon, Closedmouth, Curpsbot-unicodify, SmackBot, Tarret, Gsdlova, PeeJay2K3, Betacommand, ERcheck, Bluebot, Colonies Chris, OrphanBot, VMS Mosaic, Nakon, Lisasmall, Bejnar, Kc12286, Esrever, Avitya, Robofish, Clapre, Macellar- ius, TastyPoutine, Pharaoh Hound, RichardF, Dodo bird, Floridan, Iridescent, CmdrObot, Kevin McE, Chc opengrove, Cydebot, Ple- ple2000, Ltshears, Dancter, Doug Weller, Biruitorul, Kasmegs, Sagaciousuk, Yhazlehurst, JustAGal, Nelsonismyhero, Crazyneuf, Escar- bot, Seaphoto, Mrmoocow, TorynHill, Deflective, Barek, Nmalenovic, Acroterion, Magioladitis, VoABot II, TuckerPup, Steven Walling, Animum, Styrofoam1994, The cattr, DerHexer, Infrangible, BrassTacks, J.delanoy, O1n, Maproom, Tokyogirl79, Pianopuppy2004, Nwbeeson, MatthewBurton, Daskos99, VolkovBot, Ryan032, TXiKiBoT, Trheingold, Pwhodges, Clarince63, Mannafredo, Vanished user sf9j0923jrpotj3rf, RedVdog, Suriel1981, Xbtn87a, GijsvdL, Bobob5511, SieBot, Kjhughes, Flyer22, Kevin A Worth, Poromiami, Fratrep, Seedbot, IanHerriott, Casasfsf, Grannash, Into The Fray, Squash Racket, ImageRemovalBot, ClueBot, Ilonav's, Chubsi, Socoto, Rodric.gagnon, Destiny33, Boing! said Zebedee, Hafspajen, Rkulenka, Joviankid, Ashp uk, Amatoian, Excirial, Dcweaz, 12 Noon, Reddog9992, Bondrc, BOTarate, RSWMay, Wirevizslas, Johnuniq, Clivedanderly, HVCNSW, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Wikiuser100, SilvonenBot, ZooFari, Addbot, BobGoodson, Fluffernutter, MrOllie, Download, Briantresp, Lightbot, Ben Ben, PlankBot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Bunnyhop11, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, Mokoniki, Qorilla, Tomer Jacobson, JimVC3, Jere7, ChildofMidnight, Bubba Scotland, Ched, Kazakyborat, Miyagawa, Overpush, Citation bot 1, Simple Bob, Sands904, Pinethicket, Samus Fan102, RedBot, Mrsexytush, LyallK, Full-date unlinking bot, Hurricanelauren, Kelvin Samuel, Callanecc, 777sms, Elizabeth.Flater, Proki, EmausBot, Freeaqingme, Fakirbakir, Solarra, Pingman25, Sagaciousphil, H3llBot, OnePt618, Spicemix, ClueBot NG, Doctor Ruud, Markan80, Dude99883062, Avabuns, Keetanii, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, CReep-cReep, Sean2prawn, AvocatoBot, Stirmysoultogigglemode, ChrisGualtieri, Khazar2, Webclient101, Kharkiv07, CloudyMuffin434343, Vizslamichel, Colecharb, EKazinec, Jelinas, WittleT, Cfischet, KasparBot and Anonymous: 303 • Volpino Italiano Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volpino_Italiano?oldid=663628544 Contributors: RickK, Elf, Alexf, Grutness, Trysha, Hippophaë~enwiki, Dozenist, Pazuzu413, FlaBot, Roboto de Ajvol, Hede2000, CambridgeBayWeather, Tekana, Calvin08, SmackBot, Snufkin~enwiki, Reedy, Avitya, Pharaoh Hound, Bassclef, Vanisaac, R9tgokunks, Cydebot, Kykeophen, .anacondabot, Bong- warrior, R'n'B, Keesiewonder, VolkovBot, Kyle the bot, Dom Kaos, Volpino, GijsvdL, SieBot, Fairest saro, Seedbot, ImageRemovalBot, Hafwyn, Knepflerle, Erinaceus, A ntv, Karenkt, Addbot, Fluffernutter, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, AnomieBOT, Dhidalgo, Xqbot, Miya- gawa, D'ohBot, DrilBot, MastiBot, Wikielwikingo, EmausBot, ClueBot NG, Jk2q3jrklse, Insuranceypyp, Volpinosrus, Navolpinoclub, Dreambeaver, Vvven, ChrisGualtieri, Quinto Simmaco and Anonymous: 23 • Weimaraner Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimaraner?oldid=656228229 Contributors: Zanimum, Sannse, Francs2000, Mee- lar, Gidonb, JB82, Hadal, Dave6, Matt Gies, Waliy sherpa, DocWatson42, Djinn112, Elf, Everyking, ChicXulub, Quadell, Antandrus, Tsemii, Joyous!, Kcr~enwiki, Discospinster, Solitude, StephanKetz, Shevett, David Schaich, Kwamikagami, Nickj, Bobo192, Smalljim, -Zetawoof, Trysha, Snowolf, Wtmitchell, AyAn4m1, Dwbird2, OwenX, Woohookitty, Hailey C. Shan ,לערי ריינהארט ,Mark Musante non, AnmaFinotera, Wgsimon, Mandarax, Graham87, DePiep, Canderson7, Ketiltrout, Angusmclellan, Bremen, DuckOil, Yamamoto Ichiro, FlaBot, Grantm, Bgwhite, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, RussBot, Manicsleeper, Gaius Cornelius, Nicke L, Thane, Dysmoro- drepanis~enwiki, Irishguy, .marc., Tekana, Imaninjapirate, Nikkimaria, TBadger, Katieh5584, Exit2DOS2000, Tom Morris, Veinor, SmackBot, EvilCouch, Mrpoush, Triggar, Tucsondog, Gsdlova, JoeMarfice, Gilliam, Hmains, Bluebot, Venge, Delfeye, WeniWidi- Wiki, Brideshead, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Jasca Ducato, Dwchin, Lisasmall, Yozakura~enwiki, Rory096, JzG, Avitya, Ami- Daniel, SilkTork, BillFlis, Anonymous anonymous, Pharaoh Hound, RichardF, Dodo bird, Floridan, Hetar, Yskyflyer, Tawkerbot2, Ebravolosada, CmdrObot, JohnCD, Nunquam Dormio, HalJor, Cydebot, Travelbird, Corpx, B, Thijs!bot, Switchiedagger, Kasmegs, G-Dett, Fireplace, Cpelkas, Deflective, Magioladitis, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Nickre, Appraiser, Steven Walling, Nikevich, ForthOK, Wikipeteya, Timetrial, CommonsDelinker, Extransit, Hennyxlb, Nothingofwater, Rufous-crowned Sparrow, Bot-Schafter, Dc weims, Jevansen, DorganBot, Kirdro, Xiahou, CardinalDan, X!, Satani, Livin4dios, Ann Stouter, Komachi, Weimaraner17, Jackfork, Cre- mepuff222, Weimaranerlover, SDGraham, Deconstructhis, Moonriddengirl, WereSpielChequers, Stbasil, Pariots, Minetje, Neutralhomer, Manderson164, Poetess, Bob98133, Oxymoron83, Lightmouse, Fratrep, Seedbot, Mdurovic, Casasfsf, Vanished User 8902317830, Im- ageRemovalBot, Hafwyn, Faithlessthewonderboy, Smirnoff103, IvoryAndGold, ClueBot, Fyyer, Mild Bill Hiccup, Ekrdpt, Hafspajen, Blanchardb, Ashp uk, John J. Bulten, Cjmsteeves, Extols, Nasdarq, WEIMRESCUE, La Pianista, Rapidsingleflux, Aitias, Shawnre- gan, TimTay, XLinkBot, Kappe~enwiki, Cdzulmer, Wikiuser100, Avoided, Facts707, SilvonenBot, CarolinesCool, Bradderz maladerz, Addbot, Runescapewiki, Smp5000, AtheWeatherman, Tassedethe, Briantresp, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Cchimp123, Yobot, Bunnyhop11, 476 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Ptbotgourou, The Emperor's New Spy, Bricquet, Orfideus, SistaWiki, Tonyrex, AnomieBOT, Weimeraner Owner, Mokoniki, Dhi- dalgo, Materialscientist, 0oqpo0, HPRWeims, Pitke, JimVC3, DogDoc902, Gsedlacek24, Swimguy81084, Sando24, GrouchoBot, Shad- owjams, Miyagawa, Anka Friedrich, FrescoBot, Joep01, Greatdane0505, PigFlu Oink, Simple Bob, Pinethicket, Amaweeuk, Ionutn, Cathardic, Onel5969, EmausBot, KimWilderLee, Wisdomandlogic, GoingBatty, Tommy2010, TuHan-Bot, ZéroBot, Bsaparow, Bon- goramsey, Sagaciousphil, Anir1uph, FinalRapture, Sdupland2, Jay-Sebastos, Δ, Kirirachel, ClueBot NG, Volleygirly789, Wdchk, Ryan Vesey, Jk2q3jrklse, Rjs2125, CReep-cReep, Curb Chain, Calabe1992, Claytonblackburn, Nealmarques, Andrew.baggott, Ashlimariez, Robinybun, BenPlotke, Mirmaid1978, Vvven, Barryjjoyce, M.todd.evans, Nick Fisher, Lcn0015, Rpitcher2000, Wikifan113, Tiffinuser, Ramer001, DKelsey, Eddieliebs, Theweimaraner, Katieggggg, RationalBlasphemist, Borelandn, Nlindqui, Ryandrysdale8756 and Anony- mous: 469 • Cardigan Welsh Corgi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi?oldid=663287113 Contributors: Hephaestos, Sannse, Bearcat, Geogre, Elf, Philwelch, Curps, Bobblewik, Andrew Maiman, Lachatdelarue, Evice, CanisRufus, Julius.kusuma, Kwamikagami, ,Trysha, Sandover, Woohookitty, Gccwang, Graham87, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, FlaBot, RobotE, Obarskyr, Muu-karhu ,לערי ריינהארט Tekana, Mais oui!, Garion96, SmackBot, Roger Davies, Reedy, RedSpruce, Spectacularviews, Betacommand, Bluebot, Dhlstrm, Agent- Fade2Black, DMacks, Hoggle, Yozakura~enwiki, Attys, Mr Stephen, Macellarius, Pharaoh Hound, Skinsmoke, Dodo bird, Tawkerbot2, Cydebot, Devanni, Coaster1983, Thijs!bot, Yancyfry jr, Deflective, Awien, Magioladitis, Ronstew, Steven Walling, KConWiki, JaGa, ArcAngel, Jessterwm, Richard New Forest, Idioma-bot, Wikimaster97, Cjesch, Tikuko, AlleborgoBot, SieBot, JetLover, Emitchell9, ClueBot, Gawaxay, Garebear409, Hafspajen, PixelBot, Chapmlg, 7&6=thirteen, Kubek15, Shawnregan, Ost316, Addbot, Olli Niemitalo, Ronhjones, Fieldday-sunday, Cst17, Luckas-bot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Momoricks, Dhidalgo, S h i v a (Visnu), Locobot, Shadowjams, Miyagawa, FrescoBot, Llib xoc, Ashergben, RedBot, Trappist the monk, EmausBot, Hamsters1999, The Blade of the Northern Lights, Ponydepression, Sagaciousphil, Tavington-dash, Errata addendum, ClueBot NG, CocuBot, Eynsteinn, RafikiSykes, Simon.David.Thomas, FatFairfax, Riley Huntley, Phicwc, Comatmebro, Epicgenius, Eyesnore, NickiTashafay, RdRnnr, Noyster and Anonymous: 88 • Pembroke Welsh Corgi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembroke_Welsh_Corgi?oldid=659397573 Contributors: Hephaestos, Dante Alighieri, Zanimum, Sannse, Andres, Jeffrey Smith, Hadal, Elf, Discospinster, Mapple, Lachatdelarue, Evice, Kwamikagami, Bobo192, Longhair, Trysha, Laug, Bart133, Wtmitchell, Harej, Gene Nygaard, Bshrode, Zntrip, Alvis, Woohookitty, Gccwang, WadeS- imMiser, Azov, Dangerous-Boy, Tetraminoe, Banpei~enwiki, Cmsg, Bremen, Nightscream, Mbutts, Infosocialist, FlaBot, Latka, Pfct- dayelise, Pshene, StuffOfInterest, FrenchIsAwesome, Pseudomonas, Astral, Nucleusboy, Jaufrec, Ravedave, Jillmcvey, Wknight94, Bay- erischermann, Skiguy330, Spondoolicks, Tevildo, GraemeL, Garion96, John Broughton, SmackBot, Laughing Man, Reedy, Warfvinge, Kallista~enwiki, Gilliam, Chris the speller, Bluebot, Baa, OrphanBot, Jennica, Irish Souffle, Nakon, Monotonehell, Eraysor, Marcus Brute, Yozakura~enwiki, Anthonymyre311, SweetChild, Swatjester, JzG, Soap, Karakal, Joelmills, CredoFromStart, Mr Stephen, Dodo bird, Norm mit, Iridescent, Muéro, Scooternz, Marysunshine, Tmcclure, Nunquam Dormio, Neelix, Nyolls, Ryan, Cantras, Lews Therin, Sp, Skittler335~enwiki, Coaster1983, PKT, Teh tennisman, Marek69, Horologium, Miller17CU94, Norofel, AntiVandalBot, Dr. Blofeld, Jj137, Farosdaughter, Yancyfry jr, JAnDbot, Deflective, Instinct, Andonic, Acroterion, LitCigar, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Kuyabribri, Steven Walling, Blackkat30, Aka042, Movingimage, KConWiki, Cpl Syx, JaGa, Patstuart, Kirakiwibug, R'n'B, LedgendGamer, J.delanoy, Kusugattai, Trusilver, Debba~enwiki, CathyKing, McSly, Grosscha, Skier Dude, Doomsday28, Khargas, Paraxitic, SoCalSuperEagle, Richard New Forest, Meiskam, Graphite Elbow, Cananadian402, TallNapoleon, Jeff G., Dhanig, Philip Trueman, Flyte35, ElinorD, No- formation, Cemw, Ddrmaniac17, Tikuko, Falcon8765, AlleborgoBot, Legoktm, Moonriddengirl, Hertz1888, Babyjake228, RJaguar3, Yintan, Mongoosemockingbird, FelinaofL2, Alcuin of York, Fred Birchmore, Skungy, Allmightyduck, Narmowen, Crisis, La Parka Your Car, Debba521, Reason turns rancid, Hamiltondaniel, Roaming Tazi, Escape Orbit, Emitchell9, Hlamp332, Hafwyn, Smashville, Beyond- dichotomy, ClueBot, Atomicassasin12, Eric Wester, Nbjacobs, Berzerker666, Felix the Hurricane, Niceguyedc, Blanchardb, Squale's Mama's Llama's, Excirial, Jusdafax, CorgiChick912, Chapmlg, Lunkhead4, Steelforce, Primalmoon, 7&6=thirteen, Knowz, SalukiGirl, Acabashi, Footballfan190, Introductory adverb clause, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, TimTay, AlexGWU, Stphyc, Dthomsen8, Silvonen- Bot, HarlandQPitt, Addbot, Cynthiae, Fourpetears, 15lsoucy, Ronhjones, Jncraton, Fieldday-sunday, Fluffernutter, Cst17, TriiipleThreat, Yatesdr, Getmoreatp, Tide rolls, Bfigura's puppy, Legobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Dogtrainernyc, AnomieBOT, Slant6guy, Jim1138, Piano non troppo, Ulric1313, Mokoniki, Materialscientist, Quebec99, Mulholdj, 4twenty42o, Angelo Vecchio, Littlebritches, Ingii, Shadow- jams, Miyagawa, Kanden75, Jemcott, FrescoBot, Rckrone, Fishmuffins, Killerbites, Ehamm, Pinethicket, MastiBot, Bleeblublahblaf- flesnifflesnork, Jonathan.Lloyd15, CallawayRox, SupsSSR, Diannaa, Alph Bot, Ftomkin, EmausBot, Ajraddatz, Hamsters1999, RA0808, Fatesdecision, Accents, Wikipelli, The Blade of the Northern Lights, Sagaciousphil, Tavington-dash, Coasterlover1994, Strudleman47, GuoBia, Birlanady, CeltRN, ClueBot NG, Eynsteinn, Tfrandall, Miradoucette, Muon, Wikiwontletmedeletemyaccount666, Widr, Tekel- lamockingbird, Jk2q3jrklse, MerlIwBot, Strike Eagle, BG19bot, NomadicCorgi, Kinetique, ISTB351, MusikAnimal, Simon.David.Thomas, Fender1207, Benzband, FatFairfax, Hghyux, GetsugaKitsune, Phoenix6380, Pduplessis1, Lugia2453, Jinxiie87, Cartoon lover forever, MaybeMaybeMaybe, The Anonymouse, Revelations122, AmaryllisGardener, Ewton, Theattackcorgi, Ginsuloft, Uberskib, Bentaylor01, Factory, Ljlksdlfkjask;fjaslkf, Lilbitmaadii, Heartswideopen, Noobman444 and Anonymous: 459 • Welsh Sheepdog Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Sheepdog?oldid=632699228 Contributors: Elf, Kwamikagami, AnmaFinotera, Rjwilmsi, FlaBot, Dysmorodrepanis~enwiki, SMcCandlish, Garion96, Messybeast, G716, Mr Stephen, KConWiki, Richard New Forest, Kunchan, Hafwyn, 7&6=thirteen, Svejk74, Musik PONs, SilvonenBot, MystBot, Addbot, Misty7737, Contributor777, Maxis ftw, Xqbot, Miyagawa, Bigweeboy, Suslindisambiguator, Eynsteinn, Unionbirds, Fafnir1 and Anonymous: 7 • Welsh Springer Spaniel Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Springer_Spaniel?oldid=640159135 Contributors: Deb, Elf, Chow- bok, Femto, Trysha, SlimVirgin, Velella, Gene Nygaard, Firsfron, Rjwilmsi, Tawker, FlaBot, Chobot, Uvaduck, YurikBot, Splash, Grafen, Tekana, Tevildo, Mais oui!, SmackBot, Reedy, Crimsone, Cheesy mike, Hmains, SergiPopescou~enwiki, Wizardman, Yozakura~enwiki, NeilFraser, SashatoBot, TastyPoutine, Neddyseagoon, Pharaoh Hound, RichardF, Lokal Profil, Cydebot, Doug Weller, Thijs!bot, Aquilo- sion, I.N.~enwiki, FruitMonkey, Hmwith, SieBot, Alviats, Invitamia, Fratrep, ClueBot, GorillaWarfare, EoGuy, Alexbot, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, TimTay, Stickee, Addbot, Crunkstar, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Jarble, Blonde bum101, Luckas-bot, Rubinbot, Ulric1313, ArthurBot, LilHelpa, Xqbot, Miyagawa, Garrowfire, Junipers Liege, Simple Bob, Springerspaniel, HRoestBot, Dinamik-bot, Superk1a, EmausBot, John of Reading, Gfoley4, Udotjalsma, GoingBatty, Susfele, Sagaciousphil, ClueBot NG, Juliacormallen, Marechal Ney, RafikiSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, Bordercolliez, Zeroyon01, Rachmor312, Monkbot, Cavalryman V31 and Anonymous: 42 • Welsh Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Terrier?oldid=646788626 Contributors: Sannse, Angela, Maximus Rex, ,Trysha, Melaen, Bonzo, Ghirlandajo, Cruccone ,לערי ריינהארט ,Chris 73, Elf, Everyking, Michael Devore, Jason Quinn, Derek Parnell MartyHeyman, Hailey C. Shannon, Bremen, Tyoda, Margosbot~enwiki, Isotope23, Maltmomma, Wavelength, Thesloth, Tekana, Tvar- noe~enwiki, Twadams, Garion96, Philip Stevens, Jeisenberg, SmackBot, Reedy, Gsdlova, Hmains, Kholmes, Tsca.bot, Badbilltucker, Yozakura~enwiki, SirIsaacBrock, SashatoBot, Avitya, Pharaoh Hound, Mfield, Amniarix, Cydebot, N5iln, Z10x, Philippe, Rrfayette, Showmetheammo, Ericoides, Endlessdan, Japo, Dr voland~enwiki, Merca81, STBotD, DorganBot, Richard New Forest, ^demonBot2, 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 477

SieBot, Alex.muller, Hafwyn, ClueBot, The Thing That Should Not Be, Mild Bill Hiccup, Hafspajen, Alexbot, Mikespooner, Shawnre- gan, ShawmutSteve~enwiki, WikHead, Busterhighman85, Addbot, Ronhjones, Bsbruce, LaaknorBot, Divedeeper, Lightbot, MuZemike, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Ccreds, AnomieBOT, Momoricks, Mokoniki, Obersachsebot, Xqbot, Miyagawa, Hj100kim, Fortdj33, Age Happens, PigFlu Oink, Diwas, Pinethicket, Welshnut, LittleWink, RedBot, MastiBot, Lotje, Vancouver Outlaw, 777sms, EmausBot, ZéroBot, Sagaciousphil, Wayne Slam, ChuispastonBot, ClueBot NG, Doglover33, RafikiSykes, Nirame, Bordercolliez, Anbu121, Fylbecatulous, ChrisGualtieri, Darkonni and Anonymous: 77 • West Highland White Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Highland_White_Terrier?oldid=663023752 Contributors: Ixfd64, Sannse, Ahoerstemeier, Angela, Jdforrester, Samw, Nv8200pa, Bevo, Morn, Vespristiano, Nach0king, Rasmus Faber, Aerothorn, Elf, Neuro, Barneyboo, Utcursch, SoWhy, Alexf, DeWitt, OverlordQ, Sam Hocevar, Jim Horning, Mike Rosoft, Discospinster, Vapour, Hapsiainen, Sfahey, Imoen, Bobo192, Smalljim, Mpk, Shenme, Alansohn, Gary, Mitchowen, PopUpPirate, Trysha, SidP, Deacon of Pndapetzim, Danhash, Mordero, Gatewaycat, Firsfron, Hailey C. Shannon, DocMengele, Rjwilmsi, WehrWolf, Bremen, Collins.mc, Maltmomma, Chobot, Bornhj, Gwernol, Jpfagerback, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, Fabricationary, Macdyne73, Gaius Cornelius, Cam- bridgeBayWeather, Manxruler, NawlinWiki, Wiki alf, Ejdzej, Neurotoxic, T, Tekana, Nikkimaria, Lendu, Mais oui!, Garion96, Ben D., Luk, Iron~enwiki, SmackBot, Honza Záruba, Reedy, Weatherman90, Gsdlova, Eskimbot, DreamOfMirrors, Gilliam, Algont, Ohnoit- sjamie, Chris the speller, Cadmium, MidgleyDJ, Darth Panda, Royboycrashfan, Tsca.bot, Alphathon, CASE, Darryl.matheson, Kan- torg, Lamby1409, Cybercobra, JGGardiner, Localzuk, Yozakura~enwiki, TenPoundHammer, Ohconfucius, Lambiam, Ekm02001, JzG, Gnevin, Ben Moore, Hanii Puppy, Booksworm, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Dormammu, Eastfrisian, Iridescent, Myopic Bookworm, Gungadin, J Di, AGK, Tawkerbot2, JForget, CmdrObot, Ale jrb, ChevalierJean, Charvex, Dgw, Cumulus Clouds, Wolvesnthemist, Casper2k3, Cydebot, Erik E., Mato, Ltshears, Russophile2, Theirishpianist~enwiki, Coaster1983, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Davidlroot, N5iln, Marcomman, Gamer007, John254, Tgwaltz, MDJNatParty, OuroborosCobra, AntiVandalBot, Malcolm, Jenny Wong, X.claire, Theok21, JAnDbot, Magioladitis, VoABot II, Bcsr4ever, WagByName, Ttrygve, Froid, Destroyer000, Kdaly100, Jrobe1111, DerHexer, Samus aran lover, Cocytus, IndyLogan, Gridge, Wiki Raja, J.delanoy, B****n, Keesiewonder, Icseaturtles, LordAnubisBOT, Travelisa, STBotD, Cvillani, Sstoy, Idioma-bot, Littleolive oil, Science4sail, Daveboudreau, Philip Trueman, Refsworldlee, BonnieDog, Bodo920, Dewey Finn, Raymondwinn, Seb az86556, Gaelforce, WikiCantona, Sylent, Jpbohen, Number2two2, Ceranthor, AlleborgoBot, Formeat, Logan, Joejitsumd, SieBot, Dtom, Tresiden, Kimlieu1, Navywings, Keilana, Flyer22, JSpung, Hello71, Lightmouse, Alex.muller, Bcolton, Re- neeholle, Vanished User 8902317830, Misschappelle, Castravalva, Troy 07, Hafwyn, Martarius, ClueBot, Bc413, The Thing That Should Not Be, Novoaparra, Mild Bill Hiccup, Hafspajen, Canis Lupus, Monobi, Razorflame, Saebjorn, Mlaffs, La Pianista, DerBorg, Ver- sus22, Apparition11, Darkicebot, Shawnregan, TimTay, XLinkBot, BodhisattvaBot, WikHead, Randomd1, Addbot, Xp54321, Mighty- BooshAholic, Ronhjones, Jules599, CanadianLinuxUser, LaaknorBot, CarsracBot, Glane23, Cloverfielder, AndersBot, AtheWeather- man, Peti610botH, Divedeeper, Dayewalker, Prof at-symbol post.harvard.edu, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Contributor777, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Fraggle81, KamikazeBot, Melonbarmonster2, AnomieBOT, Puertorico1, Mokoniki, Materialscientist, Iainmac22, Citation bot, Clark89, Xqbot, Nickdub26, XZeroBot, Gatorgirl7563, GrouchoBot, Wbush89, Klinac, Ashlyn38, Miyagawa, Eugene-elgato, Epp, Captain- n00dle, FrescoBot, LeighMichelle75, Sahmejil, D'ohBot, Intelligentsium, LittleWink, AmphBot, Hamtechperson, SpaceFlight89, Full- date unlinking bot, ActivExpression, Gifabelo, Vrenator, Jmfriesen, Weedwhacker128, Daphnebelle, Noommos, Fatman350, EmausBot, John of Reading, GA bot, Triptychfortwo, Efficacious, GoingBatty, Illogicalpie, Solarra, Aonangbeach, Fluffip, Dannycs44, ZéroBot, Carruaje, Bkimura, Westley Turner, Sagaciousphil, TheMusicMan3425, JamesyFordy, Gibdog, TyA, GeorgeBarnick, L Kensington, Puf- fin, ClueBot NG, MelbourneStar, Chester Markel, Curtisjconn, Kim Traynor, Kellymarie2002, Sodadrinker10, Hannahfaler, Jk2q3jrklse, RafikiSykes, Helpful Pixie Bot, Penguinlover2018, DBigXray, Arnavchaudhary, Doggie 1990s, SolomanMcKenzie, MisterMorton, Mary.owens, Vvven, Angelvillascusa, StarryGrandma, ChrisGualtieri, Khazar2, Dexbot, Lugia2453, MaybeMaybeMaybe, Fernandofachin, Reyesegea, Tu95BEAR, Lambman74, Benita 419, Xanthomelanoussprog, Sowelljan, Club Westie, Jjc249, Whitters1uk, Monkbot, MinusUp, Danu- taSt, Darkonni, GrumpyMonkey007, Bgenidy and Anonymous: 546 • West Siberian Laika Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Siberian_Laika?oldid=655573272 Contributors: Ditkoofseppala, Rob- bot, Neutrality, Klemen Kocjancic, Interiot, Vmenkov, YurikBot, Muu-karhu, Shirley Ku, Reedy, Gsdlova, Algont, Bigsteeve, Ten- PoundHammer, Pharaoh Hound, Cydebot, Ltshears, Coaster1983, Thijs!bot, JAnDbot, Bongwarrior, Lizzysama, Floaterfluss, Cnilep, WereSpielChequers, Hafwyn, ClueBot, Madmadamim, On Thermonuclear War, SchreiberBike, Shawnregan, Dthomsen8, Kbdankbot, Addbot, Lightbot, Latitude, Yobot, Adeliine, Dhidalgo, Mariomassone, Kayanem, Miyagawa, GoingBatty, Werieth, Josve05a, Sagacious- phil, Ri4ardsons, Ronnoc9101, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, Sibiriachka, Frze, BattyBot, ChrisGualtieri, SteenthIWbot, RotlinkBot, XFEM Skier, Meribelles and Anonymous: 25 • Westphalian Dachsbracke Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalian_Dachsbracke?oldid=651258955 Contributors: BD2412, MZMcBride, Ltshears, Reedy Bot, SieBot, Hafwyn, Avalik, Addbot, Yobot, KamikazeBot, Xqbot, CXCV, DutchmanInDisguise, Lu- cienBOT, Ejgreen77, EmausBot, John of Reading, ZéroBot, Monkbot and Anonymous: 1 • Wetterhoun Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetterhoun?oldid=661864019 Contributors: AjaxSmack, Egbert J. van der Haring, HeartofaDog, Pharaoh Hound, Courcelles, Cydebot, VolkovBot, Calineed, BotMultichill, Seedbot, Hafwyn, Jeremiestrother, Iohannes Animosus, Dthomsen8, Ixiliap, SilvonenBot, Addbot, Lightbot, Zorrobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Dhidalgo, Xqbot, Stanleyeddy, GrouchoBot, LucienBOT, Hornlitz, EmausBot, Sagaciousphil, ChuispastonBot, Helpful Pixie Bot, Vvven, Ma-Ma-Ri-Anne, Frei sein and Anonymous: 11 • Whippet Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whippet?oldid=661696244 Contributors: LarsErikKolden, Karen Johnson, TomCerul, Sannse, Fantasy, Snoyes, BigFatBuddha, Fuzheado, Slawojarek, AlainV, DocWatson42, Elf, Brian Kendig, Bobblewik, ChicXulub, Son- jaaa, Joyous!, Discospinster, Lachatdelarue, Shanes, Whosyourjudas, Juntas, Alansohn, Walter Görlitz, Trysha, Riana, Bonzo, Gene Nygaard, Woohookitty, Admrboltz, Tabletop, Kmg90, Starwed, Mandarax, Graham87, BD2412, FreplySpang, Kane5187, Ketiltrout, Rjwilmsi, Bremen, FlaBot, Ewlyahoocom, Chobot, Groogle, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Joel7687, PonyToast, Ejl, Tekana, Mediamentor, Open2universe, Knotnic, Tevildo, Allens, SmackBot, Dubbin, Reedy, Gsdlova, Cheesy mike, Ppntori, VanaEveryoung, JHuberman, Saros136, Chris the speller, Thumperward, Mattythewhite, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Glloq, OrphanBot, Yozakura~enwiki, Esrever, Euchiasmus, Joelmills, JHunterJ, Mr Stephen, Mikieminnow, Pharaoh Hound, Dodo bird, Fragilityh14, Cydebot, Sixthree, Chasingsol, Amandajm, Thijs!bot, Marek69, John Smythe, Luna Santin, Seaphoto, Edokter, Spencer, Bobjimwilly, JAnDbot, J-stan, SiobhanHansa, Acroterion, Magioladitis, VoABot II, Steven Walling, Japo, Recon 777, The cattr, JaGa, Moonlake, Keith D, Smokizzy, Bogey97, SU Linguist, Austin512, Dom316, Olebin, Littleolive oil, Deor, VolkovBot, ABF, TXiKiBoT, Sintaku, Tikuko, Adam.J.W.C., Whippeteer, Marcgbeauchamp, Ewik57, Logan, IndulgentReader, Paucabot, SieBot, Dusti, BotMultichill, Flyer22, Faradayplank, Nutty- coconut, Pwoolf, Seedbot, Superbeecat, Divxrippimp, Explicit, ImageRemovalBot, Hafwyn, ClueBot, Fluther of jellyfish, Vestry~enwiki, Thewhippet, Hafspajen, Harland1, Mdd31, Alexbot, PixelBot, Leonard^Bloom, Whipwalk, Derbyadhag, Farang9, 7&6=thirteen, An- other Believer, Versus22, DumZiBoT, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Scotty tron, Beach drifter, Xerbox, Madfalcon, Addbot, Kongr43gpen, Dafiedler, Mac Dreamstate, LaaknorBot, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, 2D, II MusLiM HyBRiD II, Notacupcakebaker, 478 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

AnomieBOT, Puertorico1, DecoratedEmergency, Mokoniki, Materialscientist, Ruby2010, Mrbobotron, Xqbot, Capricorn42, Anon423, Tux-Man, Future2008, Sophus Bie, Bocanish, Shadowjams, Miyagawa, Whippetcharleston, Alloranx, FrescoBot, Craig Pemberton, Killerbites, Pinethicket, MastiBot, Ionutn, Elainesgay45, Vrenator, MrX, 777sms, Diannaa, RjwilmsiBot, Fruitperv, EmausBot, Josve05a, Mary-Lou Stettner, Imperial Monarch, Sagaciousphil, Flipperwill, Sainsf, Scoobscruff78, Mentibot, Socialservice, ClueBot NG, Carly123345, Racheldk1, Mj97478, Jk2q3jrklse, Brightandshiny, Nirame, Queen Lover 9, Geforce128, Cuicmac, Granero, Zujua, Insidiae, Vvven, Ellabnice, Khazar2, Chef Ramsey666, Frosty, Dumatustah, Clairewww, Whippet4me, Jodosma, Avenatti2, Carlos Rojas77, Sandrasu81, Biblioworm, Msmolden, Merrypinkwoman and Anonymous: 227 • White Shepherd Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Shepherd?oldid=660929892 Contributors: William Avery, Liftarn, Zeno Gantner, Tregoweth, Darkwind, Fredrik, Elf, Philwelch, Alexf, RobinCarmody, Quadell, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Lachat- delarue, Cmdrjameson, Pearle, Elwood00, Tek022, Trysha, Geraldshields11, Ghirlandajo, Woohookitty, Rjwilmsi, FlaBot, YurikBot, Wavelength, Spacepotato, Sarranduin, Gaius Cornelius, Tekana, Mrtea, Theda, Tvarnoe~enwiki, SmackBot, Reedy, Bmlbytes, Orphan- Bot, Whpq, Fuhghettaboutit, Rockpocket, Mr Stephen, Vonvon, Pharaoh Hound, Dragonball1986, R9tgokunks, WeggeBot, Cydebot, Observation, Thijs!bot, Danowest, Maoster, Afabbro, Mentifisto, Circlemaker, Andonic, .anacondabot, VoABot II, Dekimasu, Steven Walling, Rich257, KConWiki, 52 Pickup, CommonsDelinker, Smokizzy, Froggerlaura, Craven Mongoose, Athaenara, Kerstone, Bush- carrot, Thedon645, Kurayami3nobara, Beachrunningdude, Barneca, Kerstoneshepherds, Doug, GijsvdL, Kurama BBS, NHRHS2010, SieBot, WereSpielChequers, BotMultichill, Keilana, Oxymoron83, Kerrin28, Seedbot, Wuhwuzdat, Escape Orbit, Hafwyn, Roseh2o, De728631, ClueBot, Bigpictureshow, Dorrielh, The Thing That Should Not Be, EoGuy, Mild Bill Hiccup, Laffy1992, Joemama1992, Hafspajen, Niceguyedc, Auntof6, Vontasz, Keepweek90, Shawnregan, XLinkBot, Dthomsen8, DOI bot, Ashton1983, MrOllie, Down- load, Glane23, Favonian, Peridon, Yobot, Specious, Ville Siliämaa, Mokoniki, Dhidalgo, Materialscientist, LilHelpa, Frosted14, N419BH, Miyagawa, Minichris502, Dexoman2000, Onewaits, Tewirp, Kevank, Citation bot 1, Dochaass, Browncow45, I dream of horses, Elockid, Askakun, Wikimultimedia, Ejgreen77, Gfoley4, GoingBatty, Clever ripster, K6ka, Bravo-condor, ElationAviation, Luther king.jr, Egg- BYP, ClueBot NG, Eynsteinn, Carlminez, AlphaKate, Widr, Jk2q3jrklse, Helpful Pixie Bot, Brascoboy, Jemmaca, Tpryde4, Ryan.werts, ShanDestromp, Vvven, BattyBot, Spiz2, JohannVanbeek, Snowshadow987, EagerToddler39, Nussone, Prodigyinvestor, Quamobrem, KuuleiSatsuma, Lilook around and Anonymous: 158 • Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirehaired_Pointing_Griffon?oldid=660087216 Contributors: Camem- bert, Philipness, Sannse, Snoyes, Gidonb, DocWatson42, Elf, ChicXulub, Sonjaaa, Trysha, Saga City, Masterjamie, Open2universe, Reedy, Gsdlova, ProveIt, Bluebot, Rlevse, Lisasmall, Yozakura~enwiki, Bejnar, Kuru, Yourpopquizkid, Vonvon, Pharaoh Hound, RichardF, Cydebot, Magioladitis, Movingimage, Stwilegar, DorganBot, VolkovBot, Nxavar, Una Smith, Tikuko, GijsvdL, SieBot, Wydnew, Seed- bot, Hafwyn, Hafspajen, DragonBot, DumZiBoT, Addbot, Queenmomcat, LaaknorBot, Divedeeper, Luckas-bot, Bunnyhop11, Ptbot- gourou, Dhidalgo, George2001hi, FrescoBot, EmausBot, Sagaciousphil, RaptureBot, Abbruzzese, MusikAnimal, CarolPtak, Vvven, Keokje and Anonymous: 22 • Wirehaired Vizsla Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirehaired_Vizsla?oldid=649344199 Contributors: Menchi, Chowbok, Kwamik- agami, Rjwilmsi, Cdean, Closedmouth, Avitya, GetThePapersGetThePapers, Biruitorul, Marek69, Deflective, Norden1990, Commons- Delinker, Ks0stm, Fratrep, Mild Bill Hiccup, Hafspajen, Joviankid, Canis Lupus, Sun Creator, Arjayay, Avalik, Addbot, Briantresp, Lightbot, Ben Ben, Szajci, Qorilla, Abce2, DrilBot, Konza vadasz, LucyA1997, Jk2q3jrklse, Regasterios, Vvven, Vizcayas, Dexbot, Wakethesun and Anonymous: 15 • Yorkshire Terrier Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire_Terrier?oldid=663500483 Contributors: Ixfd64, Gaurav, Sannse, Yann, Delirium, Saltine, LMB, Mattworld, Topbanana, Robbot, Nyh, Altenmann, Elf, Lupin, Canadabear, Sonjaaa, Demonslave, CE, Ukexpat, Andy Christ, Zro, Mike Rosoft, Venu62, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Deatonjr, Grillo7, Paul August, Bender235, Kbh3rd, ,Banks, Hagerman, Andrzej z Helu, Danski14 ,לערי ריינהארט ,MBisanz, El C, Adambro, Bobo192, Cohesion, AlphBetaFive555111 Alansohn, Shadikka, Monky, Trysha, Riana, Yamla, Fritzpoll, Redfarmer, Katefan0, DreamGuy, Wtmitchell, Evil Monkey, Tony Sid- away, Amorymeltzer, Bonzo, Versageek, SteinbDJ, Netkinetic, Makimoto, TShilo12, Jkastan, Ron Ritzman, CoolMike, Sterio, 25or6to4, WadeSimMiser, MONGO, Hailey C. Shannon, Ch'marr, Damicatz, Graham87, Stromcarlson, Deltabeignet, Rjwilmsi, Coemgenus, Bremen, Guyd, Vary, HannsEwald, Jack53, The wub, FlaBot, RexNL, Gurch, Ayla, Peter Mollard, Pevernagie, Maltmomma, Silivre- nion, Manuel González Olaechea, Chobot, Gwernol, YurikBot, Borgx, Sceptre, Kafziel, RussBot, Sarranduin, Arizonaland, Akamad, Stephenb, Gaius Cornelius, Varnav, Wimt, Ben Bulben, Alanarae, NawlinWiki, Grafen, Manuelhp42, Irishguy, Brian Crawford, Ndavies2, PhilipC, RUL3R, Kumarrrr, Gadget850, Tekana, Nlu, Nikkimaria, KGasso, Josh3580, Davidwil, MStraw, Mais oui!, Garion96, JD- speeder1, Elliskev, NickelShoe, RegisCartoons, Havocrazy, SmackBot, Moeron, Reedy, Pgk, Blue520, Feyer, Gsdlova, BoneyardDiva, Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, Carl.bunderson, NCurse, Ian13, Technotaoist, Hooriaj, Colonies Chris, Zsinj, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, OrphanBot, Darryl.matheson, Pieter1, EvelinaB, Addshore, Onthost, DMacks, Salamurai, Yozakura~enwiki, Springnuts, Vina- iwbot~enwiki, Rockpocket, Ohconfucius, SashatoBot, ArglebargleIV, Gloriamarie, Takeshi Nakagawa~enwiki, Scientizzle, Joelmills, Goodnightmush, Megales, Ocatecir, IronGargoyle, Mr. Vernon, SandyGeorgia, Killdroid93, TastyPoutine, Geologyguy, Pharaoh Hound, EEPROM Eagle, Dodo bird, Iridescent, Catherineyronwode, Ouzo~enwiki, Courcelles, Anger22, Live or die, Tawkerbot2, MightyWar- rior, Stoff, Xcentaur, JForget, CmdrObot, Ale jrb, Dgw, Cumulus Clouds, Ispy1981, Coderoyal, Yaris678, Cydebot, Ltshears, Kaldosh, Nick Wilson, Llort, Dusty relic, DumbBOT, FastLizard4, Kajudalu, Fe2dell, Omicronpersei8, Vanished User jdksfajlasd, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Barticus88, Sagaciousuk, Alvincura, Marek69, John254, James086, RFlynn26, Lauren S, Tellyaddict, Inner Earth, RFerreira, Kolonuk, Dawnseeker2000, Natalie Erin, Mrb23, Escarbot, Jimmybob32, LachlanA, Rajiv.Pant, Mentifisto, John Smythe, AntiVandal- Bot, Seaphoto, Juan Cruz~enwiki, Joe Schmedley, LibLord, MECU, Spencer, Myanw, JAnDbot, GeeeFlat, Barek, Jojeda1981, FanAd- dict, OhanaUnited, Okiefromokla (old), Y2kcrazyjoker4, LittleOldMe, Acroterion, Bencherlite, Rockower, Magioladitis, Jkraybill, De- sertLiving, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, AuburnPilot, Bcsr4ever, BuzzDoc, BuzzDog, AtticusX, Kuyabribri, JNW, Think outside the box, Steven Walling, Animum, KazSmurf, Styrofoam1994, Scphan, The cattr, DerHexer, Vtown13, Seba5618, MartinBot, Gasheadsteve, Ar- jun01, Smilingsuzy, Jmarino1, Anaxial, Dorvaq, Keith D, Jay Litman, CommonsDelinker, Plateoftheday, Jargon777, EdBever, J.delanoy, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Yorkieagility, Bo Basil, Uncle Dick, Eliz81, Keesiewonder, Raymondlu84, It Is Me Here, Shawn in Montreal, Katalaveno, AntiSpamBot, Dathletez, Belovedfreak, SJP, Toon05, KylieTastic, U.S.A.U.S.A.U.S.A., Vanished user 39948282, Dorgan- Bot, Marcelogreca, Bonadea, SoCalSuperEagle, CardinalDan, Wikieditor06, Erratica, Thisisborin9, Carter, Jeff G., Mswell, Willis993, Philip Trueman, Civilengtiger, TXiKiBoT, Sheba12312, Kww, A4bot, Rei-bot, Naohiro19 revertvandal, ColinBoylett, Seraphim, Den- nyColt, Martin451, Seb az86556, Artuso1992, Epopp, Madhero88, SQL, Baretb, Tikuko, Cw6165, Cilla92marie, Alexandrab, C45207, Nagy, Chaos2, Hmwith, Rrb24, SieBot, Sonicology, Tresiden, Moonriddengirl, BotMultichill, Quixoticvalue, Timtim6011, Geraki- bot, Dawn Bard, Caltas, Jaycorny, Merotoker1, Keilana, Defkey~enwiki, Flyer22, Tiptoety, Radon210, Oda Mari, Rahk EX, Oxy- moron83, XXcsseXx11, Shepherdess, Nk.sheridan, Tombomp, MASQUERAID, Hobartimus, Macy, Doriannas, Yorkiemini, StaticGull, VGioia6888, Mygerardromance, Vanished User 8902317830, Ajk91, Shamas786, Pinkadelica, Escape Orbit, Emmiinomgz, Love Cru- sader, ImageRemovalBot, Riverrates, Hafwyn, Mr. Granger, Igor.skokan, Atif.t2, WikiBotas, Martarius, ClueBot, Jennaw06, LAX, Go- 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 479

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• File:05042333_Spinone_weiss.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/05042333_Spinone_weiss.jpg Li- cense: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Alephalpha • File:05042336_Spinone_orange.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/05042336_Spinone_orange.jpg Li- cense: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Alephalpha • File:076._Scotch_Terrier.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/076._Scotch_Terrier.JPG License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: The Dog in Health and Disease Original artist: Stonehenge (John Henry Walsh) • File:0Scottish_Terrier.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/0Scottish_Terrier.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: 0808040029 Original artist: narujen • File:108._Sussex_Spaniel.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/108._Sussex_Spaniel.JPG License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: The Dog in Health and Disease Original artist: Stonehenge (John Henry Walsh) • File:10seppalasleddogs.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/10seppalasleddogs.jpg License: CC-BY- SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:111._English_and_Welsh_Cocker.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/111._English_and_Welsh_ Cocker.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: The Dog in Health and Disease, archived by archive.org here on page 111. Original artist: Book: Stonehenge (John Henry Walsh); however identity of the individual artist is unknown. • File:142._Thibet_Dog.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/142._Thibet_Dog.JPG License: Public do- main Contributors: The Dog in Health and Disease Original artist: Stonehenge (John Henry Walsh) • File:1899_Scotties_White.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/1899_Scotties_White.jpg License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: http://smg.photobucket.com/albums/v485/Pietoro/Dog%20Breed%20Historical%20Pictures/?action=view¤t= 1899_Scotties_White.jpg¤ttag=scottish%20terrier Original artist: Americ Edwin Flaxman M A, Oxon, Mayfield House, Pitten- weem, Fife, Scotland and John MacMahon, Inverness. • File:1899_tibetan_spaniels.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/1899_tibetan_spaniels.jpg License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: The Tibetan Spaniel - A Complete Anthology of the Dog Original artist: J. Sidney Turner • File:2008-08-28_White_German_Shepherd_ready.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/2008-08-28_ White_German_Shepherd_ready.jpg License: GFDL Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ildar Sagdejev (Specious) • File:2013_Royal_Melbourne_Show_(9972389005).jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/2013_Royal_ Melbourne_Show_%289972389005%29.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: 2013 Royal Melbourne Show Original artist: Chris Phutully from Australia • File:3scottish_terriers.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/3scottish_terriers.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Walescot • File:Adult_Male_Teddy_Roosevelt_Terrier.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Adult_Male_Teddy_ Roosevelt_Terrier.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: With my camera Original artist: Dkm1987 480 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

• File:Adult_sharpei.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Adult_sharpei.jpg License: GFDL Contributors: Own work (my own picture) Original artist: Yan Mis/&Den Rakov • File:Aigrette_Velikiy_(Tsaluma_say_strazce_z_Tibetu_x_Legenda_Tibeta_vlastelin_kolets).jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Aigrette_Velikiy_%28Tsaluma_say_strazce_z_Tibetu_x_Legenda_Tibeta_vlastelin_kolets%29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Tibetan Paradise • File:Alize.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Alize.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Broneder • File:Ambox_globe_content.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: Own work, using File:Information icon3.svg and File:Earth clip art.svg Original artist: penubag • File:Ambox_important.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg License: Public do- main Contributors: Own work, based off of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist: Dsmurat (talk · contribs) • File:Andrea_Mantegna_-_The_Court_of_Mantua_-_detail.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Andrea_ Mantegna_-_The_Court_of_Mantua_-_detail.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: Unknown Original artist: Andrea Mantegna • File:Angoi_II.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Angoi_II.JPG License: GFDL Contributors: Own work Original artist: ClubSabuesoEspañol • File:Arabian_Greyhound_from_1915.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Arabian_Greyhound_from_ 1915.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: W. 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Mason - Dogs of all Nations Original artist: not specified (except those with signa- ture on image) • File:Arild.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Arild.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Blanka Horvath Original artist: Blanka horvath • File:Aussie-blacktri.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Aussie-blacktri.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Photo by Pharlap Original artist: User Pharlap on en.wikipedia • File:BOB_Silkenfest2003_Kristull_Rowan.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/BOB_Silkenfest2003_Kristull_ Rowan.jpg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Talismanhound (talk)(Uploads) • File:BackTalbotInnSign.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4b/BackTalbotInnSign.jpg License: PD Contributors: Own work Original artist: Cleanboot (talk)(Uploads) • File:Backridge.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Backridge.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Regalthai (talk) 19:43, 6 October 2008 (UTC) • File:Bailey3.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Bailey3.jpg License: PD Contributors: Own work Original artist: Mrutan (talk)(Uploads) • File:Balto.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Balto.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? 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Original artist: Steven Walling at English Wikipedia • File:Barry.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Barry.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: from dewp ( http://www.roggenhof-bernhardiner.de/alte_Zeiten/alte_zeiten.html ) Original artist: ? • File:Baying.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Baying.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors:“This is my dog, picture taken by me.”Original artist: User Atkineve on en.wikipedia • File:BeachDog2.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/BeachDog2.jpg License: Public domain Contribu- tors: originally uploaded to the English language Wikipedia Original artist: Own work by Ravello 99 (talk) • File:Berger_Blanc_Suisse_15_Wochen-15_weeks.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Berger_Blanc_ Suisse_15_Wochen-15_weeks.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Sandy Hook • File:Best_of_Show.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Best_of_Show.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contrib- utors: originally posted to Flickr as Best of Show Original artist: Kjunstorm • File:BlackjackTreeing.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/BlackjackTreeing.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Jayaebee • File:Blason_agincourt_54.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Blason_agincourt_54.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: This vector image includes elements that have been taken or adapted from this: Lion rampant element.svg (by Inductiveload). 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• File:BlkStdSchnauzer2.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/BlkStdSchnauzer2.jpg License: CC BY- SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Madwren • File:Blue_Weimaraner_cropped.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Blue_Weimaraner_cropped.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: Original photo on Flickr here. Edit own work. 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Original artist: ? • File:Charles_Compton,_7th_Earl_of_Northampton.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Charles_Compton% 2C_7th_Earl_of_Northampton.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.museumsyndicate.com/item.php?item=6972 Orig- inal artist: Pompeo Batoni • File:Chart_perski_0002.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Chart_perski_0002.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Lilly M • File:Chart_perski_bieg_licencyjny_zespołowy_19.09.09_p.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Chart_ perski_bieg_licencyjny_zespo%C5%82owy_19.09.09_p.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Przykuta Original artist: Przykuta • File:Chart_perski_ucho_długie5r5.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Chart_perski_ucho_d%C5%82ugie5r5. jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pleple2000 • File:Chart_środkowoazjatycki_Unur_2.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Chart_%C5%9Brodkowoazjatycki_ Unur_2.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: http://www2.tulpar.pl/news_view.php?tpl=286&nid=50004 Original artist: Marcin Błaszkowski • File:Chimo_Jet.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/Chimo_Jet.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: My mother Original artist: Judith Russell • File:China.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/China.svg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Сђіиа • File:China_emeishan_lion.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/China_emeishan_lion.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/feserc/3542414538/ Original artist: Chris Feser • File:Collie_Strider_Puppy.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Collie_Strider_Puppy.JPG License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Calliopejen1 using CommonsHelper. 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And according to the meta-data in the file, specifically: “Andreas Nilsson, and Jakub Steiner (although minimally).” • File:Emma_Cooley_Idaho_2010.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Emma_Cooley_Idaho_2010.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: Personally took the photo myself in Utah, 2008 Original artist: Creator:Northisle • File:Emma_spanish_waterdog_4.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Emma_spanish_waterdog_4.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Moritz Zimmermann • File:Ernest_Gustave_Girardot04.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Ernest_Gustave_Girardot04.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.1stdibs.com/creators/ernest-gustave-girardot-1840-1904-english/art/ Original artist: Ernest Gustave Girardot (1840-1904) • File:Festus.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/01/Festus.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? 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Original artist: ? • File:MickeyEveryonesBFF_Pic.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/MickeyEveryonesBFF_Pic.jpg Li- cense: GFDL Contributors: Sarah Murphy Original artist: Best Boy Entertainment • File:Misse_and_Turlu,_Two_Greyhounds_Belonging_to_Louis_XV.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ 7/7f/Misse_and_Turlu%2C_Two_Greyhounds_Belonging_to_Louis_XV.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Musée national du Château de Fontainebleau Original artist: Jean-Baptiste Oudry (Life time: 1686-1755) 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 485

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Original artist: ? • File:Phenotypic_spectrum_of_the_Chinese_Shar-Pei.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Phenotypic_ spectrum_of_the_Chinese_Shar-Pei.png License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal. pgen.1001332 Original artist: Olsson et al. • File:Pierrotthestabyhoun.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/85/Pierrotthestabyhoun.jpg License: PD Contribu- tors: self-made Original artist: Igglybuff63 (talk) • File:PuppySpitz.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/PuppySpitz.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contribu- tors: Own work Original artist: Insuranceypyp • File:Question_book-new.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors: Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. 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Original artist: ? • File:Rosie_the_Tenterfield_Terrier_Jumping.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Rosie_the_Tenterfield_ Terrier_Jumping.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: David Nemirovsky • File:Rumble2months.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Rumble2months.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: My web Rumblestaff.com, a site dedicated to the breed Original artist: Craig Ralton • File:Saint-bernard-standing.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Saint-bernard-standing.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: 3dphotographers.com Original artist: ZaGerald • File:Saint_Bernardhund.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Saint_Bernardhund.JPG License: CC BY- SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Canarian • File:Saluki-like_hound_horseback_falconer.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Saluki-like_hound_ horseback_falconer.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Netbios • File:Samojed00.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Samojed00.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contribu- tors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Samoyed_from_1915.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Samoyed_from_1915.JPG License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: W. E. Mason - Dogs of all Nations Original artist: not specified (except those with signature on image) 486 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

• File:Samoyed_in_Tallinn.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Samoyed_in_Tallinn.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Томасина • File:Sarplaninac_front.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Sarplaninac_front.jpg License: CC-BY-SA- 3.0 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Original artist: Dobermannp at English Wikipedia • File:Sarplaninac_training_in_Yugoslav_Army.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Sarplaninac_training_ in_Yugoslav_Army.png License: Public domain Contributors: Yugoslav Army magazine published in Croatia Original artist: Unknown (Yugoslav Army) • File:Sbt.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Sbt.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Vlastni Origi- nal artist: Andrej • File:Schipperke_gismo_12.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Schipperke_gismo_12.jpg License: CC- BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? 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Original artist: ? • File:Scottish_Koira_2013.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Scottish_Koira_2013.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Томасина • File:Scottish_Terrier_Sire.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Scottish_Terrier_Sire.jpg License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: Journal of Heredity Original artist: Unknown • File:Scottish_Terrier_from_1915.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Scottish_Terrier_from_1915. JPG License: Public domain Contributors: W. E. Mason - Dogs of all Nations Original artist: not specified (except those with signature on image) • File:Scottish_Terrier_white_puppy.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Scottish_Terrier_white_puppy. jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Flickr here Original artist: Flickr user Daniel Petry • File:Scottish_Terriers.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Scottish_Terriers.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: Moola and Fluffy Original artist: CuteKittenHorselover • File:SealyhamTerrier2.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/SealyhamTerrier2.jpg License: CC-BY-SA- 3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Sealyham_Mansion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_436107.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Sealyham_ Mansion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_436107.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: From geograph.org.uk Original artist: ceridwen • File:Sealyham_Terrier_from_1915.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Sealyham_Terrier_from_1915. JPG License: Public domain Contributors: W. E. Mason - Dogs of all Nations Original artist: not specified (except those with signature on image) • File:Sealyham_terrier.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Sealyham_terrier.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ionwind • File:Sealyham_terrier_078.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Sealyham_terrier_078.jpg License: CC- BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pleple2000 • File:Sealyham_terrier_j90.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Sealyham_terrier_j90.jpg License: GFDL Contributors: Wikipedia (Suomi) Original artist: Alguien debió de ser. • File:Service_dogs_of_Royal_Yugoslav_Army.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/89/Service_dogs_of_Royal_ Yugoslav_Army.jpg License: ? Contributors: Original publication: n/a Immediate source: http://s377.photobucket.com/user/sosara/media/serbianarmyshars.jpg.html Original artist: Unknown (Life time: n/a) • File:Sharpei_female.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Sharpei_female.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Denisrw • File:Sharpei_ogon_867.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Sharpei_ogon_867.jpg License: CC-BY- SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pleple2000 • File:Sharpei_pups_black_and_creme.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Sharpei_pups_black_and_ creme.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Wrinkle • File:Sheltie_2.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Sheltie_2.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Томасина • File:ShetlandShpdogBlue2_wb.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/ShetlandShpdogBlue2_wb.jpg Li- cense: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Shetland_Sheepdog7.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Shetland_Sheepdog7.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: HMKC Christmas Fun Run 2012 Original artist: SheltieBoy • File:Shetland_Sheepdog_and_Rough_Collie.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Shetland_Sheepdog_ and_Rough_Collie.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr Original artist: Chris 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 487

• File:Shetland_Sheepdog_from_1915.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Shetland_Sheepdog_from_ 1915.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: W. E. Mason - Dogs of all Nations Original artist: not specified (except those with signature on image) • File:Shetland_Sheepdog_tricolour.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Shetland_Sheepdog_tricolour. jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Flickr here Original artist: Flickr user jimthompson • File:Shiba_Inu_600.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Shiba_Inu_600.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: sannse • File:Shiba_Inu_cream.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Shiba_Inu_cream.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: IMGP7706 Original artist: peno4 • File:Shiba_inu_at_the_entrance_of_a_house,_-Japan_2010_a.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/ Shiba_inu_at_the_entrance_of_a_house%2C_-Japan_2010_a.jpg License: CC BY 2.1 jp Contributors: 靴の番⽝ (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/64r1nNJ2v) Original artist: ヨックン from Kagawa, Japan • File:Shiba_inu_blacktan.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Shiba_inu_blacktan.jpg License: CC-BY- SA-3.0 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by User:Quadell using CommonsHelper. Original artist: Ben White at en.wikipedia • File:Shiba_inu_taiki.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Shiba_inu_taiki.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Roberto Vasarri • File:Shih-Tzu.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Shih-Tzu.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contribu- tors: Own work Original artist: Melanie Dullinger - White Magic Kennels • File:Shih-Tzu.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Shih-Tzu.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Fotografiert und zur Verfügung gestellt von Tanja Tepe Shih Tzu from Chinese Paradise • File:Shih-tzu-Fibi.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Shih-tzu-Fibi.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Con- tributors: Polish Wikipedia Original artist: Wawri (Tomasz Wawak) • File:Shih_Tzu_Clube.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Shih_Tzu_Clube.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Msvitor • File:Shih_Tzu_in_Tallinn.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Shih_Tzu_in_Tallinn.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Томасина • File:Shih_Tzu_puppy.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Shih_Tzu_puppy.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: cheap date Original artist: Jim Winstead • File:Shikoku_dog.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Shikoku_dog.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Con- tributors: Own work Original artist: Bigsteeve (en.wikipedia) • File:Shiloh_Shepherd_Dog.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Shiloh_Shepherd_Dog.jpg License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: http://www.shilohshepherdsinfo.com/30YearsHomecoming.htm Original artist: Tina Barber • File:Siberian_Husky_copper_bi-eye.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Siberian_Husky_copper_bi-eye. jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr here Original artist: Flickr user shmoomeema • File:Siberian_Husky_sable.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Siberian_Husky_sable.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: FLickr here. Edited by Pharaoh Hound Original artist: Original photo taken by Flickr user Sue and Marty. Edited by User:Pharaoh Hound • File:Siberian_Husky_with_Blue_Eyes.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Siberian_Husky_with_Blue_ Eyes.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Taken from an iPhone 3GS Original artist: Kazisdaman • File:Sigge_3_månader.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Sigge_3_m%C3%A5nader.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Sören T Eriksson • File:Silken_Windhound_Nobble_Stack_F.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Silken_Windhound_Nobble_ Stack_F.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Original: en.wikipedia.org 03:23, 2006-06-02 . . 535×386 (97 KB) . . Talismanhound Original artist: Talismanhound • File:Silken_Windhound_and_Borzoi_(Kal_tyler).jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Silken_Windhound_ and_Borzoi_%28Kal_tyler%29.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Original: en.wikipedia.org 02:39, 2006-06-02 . . 538×441 (90 KB) . . Talismanhound Original artist: Talismanhound • File:Skyeterrier.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Skyeterrier.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: http://www.biolib.cz/en/image/id26612/ Original artist: Michal Maňas • File:Skyeterriers.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Skyeterriers.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contrib- utors: Russian Wikipedia Original artist: ? • File:Sloughi.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Sloughi.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Trans- ferred from de.wikipedia to Commons. Original artist: Dr. Sabine Schlenkrich • File:Slovensky_kopov.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Slovensky_kopov.jpg License: Public do- main Contributors: ? Original artist: Ing. Štefan Cimbalík • File:Smooth_Collie_600.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Smooth_Collie_600.jpg License: CC-BY- SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Spanish_Mastiff_001.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Spanish_Mastiff_001.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Flickr here Original artist: Flickr user dobroide . Photo cropped by commons user ltshears • File:Spanish_waterdog_028.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Spanish_waterdog_028.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? 488 CHAPTER 102. YORKSHIRE TERRIER

• File:Spinone_Italiano.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Spinone_Italiano.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: Italian something hound? Original artist: Caroline Granycome • File:Spinone_italiano_Daisy.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Spinone_italiano_Daisy.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Springer_spaniel_walijski_2009_pl.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Springer_spaniel_walijski_ 2009_pl.jpg License: GFDL Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pleple2000 • File:Springer_spaniele_6612.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Springer_spaniele_6612.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pleple2000 • File:St._Bernard_puppy.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/St._Bernard_puppy.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: originally posted to Flickr as 272_7242 Original artist: dbking • File:StJohnsWaterDog.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/StJohnsWaterDog.png License: Public do- main Contributors: Own work Original artist: Thewellman • File:St_Bernard_Dog_001.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/St_Bernard_Dog_001.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: originally posted to Flickr as Harley-parents' dog Original artist: Cassie J • File:St_Bernard_Dog_agility.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/St_Bernard_Dog_agility.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr here Original artist: Flickr user SheltieBoy (Ron Armstrong) • File:St_Bernhard_dog_(bw).jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/St_Bernhard_dog_%28bw%29.jpg Li- cense: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Stabyhoun4.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Stabyhoun4.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mjk23/3378990982/sizes/l/ Original artist: mjk23 • File:Stabyhoun_2.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Stabyhoun_2.JPG License: Public domain Con- tributors: Template:Jeroen alewijnse Original artist: JeroenAlewijnse • File:Stabyhounlayingingrass.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/86/Stabyhounlayingingrass.jpg License: Cc-by- sa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Staffy_Pup.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Staffy_Pup.jpg License: Public domain Contribu- tors: Own work Original artist: Pete2711 • File:Standard_Schnauzer01.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Standard_Schnauzer01.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Transferred from cs.wikipedia; Transfer was stated to be made by User:Jitka. Original artist: Original uploader was Karolína at cs.wikipedia • File:Standard_Schnauzers.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/27/Standard_Schnauzers.jpg License: PD Con- tributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Stbernardinsnow.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Stbernardinsnow.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Isthmus. Original artist: The original uploader was Sloberdog at English Wikipedia • File:Stbernardweightpull.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cc/Stbernardweightpull.jpg License: CC-BY-2.5 Con- tributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:StdSchnauzerHistory1915.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6d/StdSchnauzerHistory1915.jpg License: Pub- lic domain Contributors: http://www.archive.org/stream/dogsofallnations00masorich#page/66/mode/2up Original artist: Mason, Walter Esplin • File:Stdschnauzersblkps.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/21/Stdschnauzersblkps.JPG License: CC-BY-SA- 3.0 Contributors: I(Madwren (talk)) created this work entirely by myself. Original artist: Madwren (talk) • File:Summer04.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Summer04.jpg License: Copyrighted free use Con- tributors: http://www.tamaskan-vom-muensterland.de/ Original artist: Kirsten Dieks • File:Sushisharpei.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cf/Sushisharpei.jpg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Sussex_Spaniel_from_1915.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Sussex_Spaniel_from_1915.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: W. E. Mason - Dogs of all Nations Original artist: not specified (except those with signature on image) • File:Sussex_spaniel_276.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Sussex_spaniel_276.jpg License: CC-BY- SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pleple2000 • File:Swedish_Vallhund_December_2012_006.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Swedish_Vallhund_ December_2012_006.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: WestportWiki • File:Swedish_Vallhund_agility.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Swedish_Vallhund_agility.jpg Li- cense: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: HMKC 02/24/2007 Fun Match Original artist: Ron Armstrong from Helena, MT, USA • File:Szombierki_greyhound_18.09.2011_2pl.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Szombierki_greyhound_ 18.09.2011_2pl.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pleple2000 • File:Tamaskan_dog.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Tamaskan_dog.jpg License: Public domain Con- tributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Quadell using CommonsHelper. Original artist: Allison Laing. Original uploader was Exhaustfumes at en.wikipedia 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 489

• File:Tara_de_la_Legende_de_Faublas,_a_long-haired_female_Weimaraner_(2005).jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/8/89/Tara_de_la_Legende_de_Faublas%2C_a_long-haired_female_Weimaraner_%282005%29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 uk Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Teacupyorkie.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Teacupyorkie.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contrib- utors: Own work Original artist: Swatjester • File:Teddy_Roosevelt_Terrier,_adult_male_-_20090714.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Teddy_ Roosevelt_Terrier%2C_adult_male_-_20090714.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work. 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JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Micki using CommonsHelper. Original artist: Original uploader was Imoen at en.wikipedia • File:West_Highland_White_Terrier_from_1915.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/West_Highland_ White_Terrier_from_1915.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: W. E. Mason - Dogs of all Nations Original artist: not specified (except those with signature on image) • File:West_Siberian_Laika_-_Chara_Jr._FL_USA_-_at_work..JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/ West_Siberian_Laika_-_Chara_Jr._FL_USA_-_at_work..JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia by SreeBot Original artist: Madmadamim at en.wikipedia • File:West_Siberian_Laika_pup_named_\__xunadd_text_character:nN{\textquotedbl}{"}{}Lookin'_Up_Katerina”.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/West_Siberian_Laika_pup_named_%22Lookin%27_Up_Katerina%22.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: I took this photo, myself, of my own puppy. Previously published: www. lookinuplaikas.com/current_news Original artist: Meribelles • File:Westie_Chloe.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Westie_Chloe.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Con- tributors: Own work Original artist: Jjc249 • File:Westie_pups.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Westie_pups.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Con- tributors: Westieinfo.com - soukromý archiv Original artist: Lucie Tylová, Westik.cz 102.12. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 491

• File:Wetterhond.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Wetterhond.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: Stoere pup Original artist: mjk23 • File:Wgsd_walking2.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Wgsd_walking2.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Original artist: Bigpictureshow at English Wikipedia • File:White_German_Shepherd.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/White_German_Shepherd.jpg Li- cense: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:White_Shetland_Sheepdog.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/White_Shetland_Sheepdog.jpg Li- cense: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dannyws/4483976201/in/photostream/ Original artist: Danny Schultz • File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: • Wiki_letter_w.svg Original artist: Wiki_letter_w.svg: Jarkko Piiroinen • File:Wikinews-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: This is a cropped version of Image:Wikinews-logo-en.png. Original artist: Vectorized by Simon 01:05, 2 August 2006 (UTC) Updated by Time3000 17 April 2007 to use official Wikinews colours and appear correctly on dark backgrounds. Originally uploaded by Simon. • File:Winston_is_camouflaged.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Winston_is_camouflaged.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: Winston is camoflaged Original artist: Eric Chan • File:Wo_er_am_liebsten_ist.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Wo_er_am_liebsten_ist.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Holger müller • File:Wts2008.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Wts2008.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Westieinfo.com - soukromý archiv Original artist: Lucie Tylová, Westik.cz • File:Xuande-salukis-092x0507_01lg.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Xuande-salukis-092x0507_ 01lg.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Painting of Saluki hounds by the Xuande Emperor, stored in en:Arthur M. Sackler Museum (a division of Harvard Art Museum). http://harvardmagazine.com/2007/05/imperial-salukis.html Original artist: Zhu Zhanji, better known as the Xuande Emperor (1398-1435) of the Ming Dynasty of China • File:Yorkie'{}s_Retained_Deciduous_or_Baby_Fangs.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Yorkie% 27s_Retained_Deciduous_or_Baby_Fangs.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Socknye • File:Yorkie-71465_640.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Yorkie-71465_640.jpg License: CC0 Con- tributors: http://pixabay.com/es/yorkie-terrier-perro-71465/ Original artist: 15299 • File:Yorkshire_Terrier_from_1915.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Yorkshire_Terrier_from_1915. JPG License: Public domain Contributors: W. E. Mason - Dogs of all Nations Original artist: not specified (except those with signature on image) • File:Yorkshire_Terrier_kurz.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Yorkshire_Terrier_kurz.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Christian Glöckner • File:Yorkshire_terrier_at_show.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Yorkshire_terrier_at_show.jpg Li- cense: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Hundasýning 2009 554 Original artist: Dagur Brynjólfsson from Hafnarfjordur, Iceland • File:Yorkshirenamedmeetwithsuccesofhappyblue.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Yorkshirenamedmeetwithsuccesofhappyblue. JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Zangao.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Zangao.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Yeti • File:Вельштерьер_Кетчер_Трайв_Рамштайн.jpeg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/%D0%92% D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1% 87%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0% D0%B9%D0%BD.jpeg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Aziatets

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