Muscular Nomenclature and Kinesiology

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Chapter 16 Muscles of Lesson Five Muscular Nomenclature • Iliopsoas (psoas major, iliacus) and Kinesiology - Two • Hip outward rotators (piriformis, gemellus

______superior, gemellus inferior, obturator internus, obturator externus) Lessons 5-6 • Gluteals (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus)

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Lesson Five, cont. Knee Movement: Iliopsoas • Tensor fascia lata

• Quadratus femoris (rectus femoris, vastus Psoas major intermedius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis) • Sartorius Psoas minor • Hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris) Iliacus • Adductors (gracilis, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus) • Popliteus

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Psoas Major Iliacus

O: transverse processes of T12- O: iliac fossa, anterior inferior L5, vertebral bodies of T12-L5, iliac spine intervertebral disks of lumbar vertebrae I: lesser trochanter

I: lesser trochanter

1 Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Hip Outward Rotators Piriformis Piriformis O: anterior Gemellus Superior sacrum and Inferior I: greater Obturator Internus trochanter and Externus

Quadratus Femoris

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Gemellus Superior & Inferior Obturator Internus & Externus

O: ischial spine (gemellus superior), superior ischial O: obturator membrane tuberosity (gemellus inferior) (internus, externus), obturator margin (internus), I: greater trochanter superior and inferior pubic ramus, and ischial ramus (externus)

I: greater trochanter

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Quadratus Femoris Gluteals

O: lateral ischial Gluteus Maximus tuberosity Gluteus Medius I: greater trochanter Gluteus Minimus

2 Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius

O: posterior sacrum, posterior O: external ilium between the coccyx, posterior iliac crest, anterior and posterior gluteal external ilium posterior to the lines posterior gluteal line I: greater trochanter I: gluteal tuberosity (25%), iliotibial band (75%)

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Lata

O: external ilium between the O: anterior iliac crest, anterior superior anterior and inferior gluteal lines iliac spine

I: greater trochanter I: iliotibial band

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Rectus Femoris O: anterior inferior iliac spine, external ilium just superior to the acetabulum Vastus Intermedius I: tibial tuberosity Vastus Medialis

Vastus Lateralis

3 Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Vastus Intermedius Vastus Medialis

O: anterior lateral femoral shaft O: linea aspera (medial lip)

I: tibial tuberosity I: tibial tuberosity

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Vastus Lateralis Sartorius

O: linea aspera (lateral lip), gluteal O: anterior superior iliac spine tuberosity I: medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes I: tibial tuberosity anserinus)

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Hamstrings Semimembranosus

Biceps Femoris O: ischial tuberosity

Semimembranosus I: medial condyle of tibia (posterior surface) Semitendinosus

4 Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris

O: ischial tuberosity O: ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera; lower lateral lip I: medial proximal tibial shaft (at the (short head) pes anserinus) I: fibular head

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Adductors Gracilis Gracilis O: inferior pubic ramus Adductor Magnus I: medial proximal tibial shaft (at the Adductor Longus pes anserinus)

Adductor brevis

Pectineus

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus

O: ischial tuberosity, inferior O: anterior pubic body pubic ramus, ischial ramus I: middle third of the linea aspera I: linea aspera, adductor (medial lip) tubercle of femur

5 Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Adductor Brevis Pectineus

O: inferior pubic ramus O: superior pubic ramus

I: proximal third of the linea aspera I: linea aspera; medial lip (inferior to (medial lip) the lesser trochanter)

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement: Knee Movement: Pes Anserinus Popliteus

Sartorius O: lateral condyle of the femur

Gracilis I: posterior proximal tibial shaft

Semitendinosus

Muscles of Hip and Muscles of Hip and Knee Movement Knee Movement

Attachment sites for Attachment sites for muscles of hip and muscles of hip and knee knee movement movement

Anterior view Posterior view

6 Muscles of Ankle and Muscles of Lesson Six Foot Movement: Tibialis Anterior • Tibialis anterior • Gastrocnemius

• Extensor digitorum • Plantaris O: proximal half of the lateral tibial shaft, longus and brevis • Soleus interosseous membrane • Extensor hallucis • Tibialis posterior longus • Flexor digitorum I: metatarsal I, cuneiform I (plantar surface) • Fibularis longus longus • Fibularis brevis • Flexor hallucis longus

Muscles of Ankle and Muscles of Ankle and Foot Movement: Foot Movement: Extensor Digitorum Longus/Brevis Extensor Hallucis Longus O: inferior fibular head, proximal two-thirds of O: anterior fibular shaft (middle region), fibular shaft, interosseus interosseous membrane membrane, lateral condyle of the tibia (longus), calcaneus (brevis) I: distal phalanx of the great toe

I: middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (longus), tendons of extensor digitorum longus to toes 2-4 (brevis) Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 39 Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 40 All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

Muscles of Ankle and Muscles of Ankle and Foot Movement: Foot Movement: Fibularis Longus Fibularis Brevis

O: fibular head, lateral proximal half of O: lateral distal half of the fibular shaft the fibular shaft I: metatarsal V I: metatarsal I, cuneiform I (plantar surface)

7 Muscles of Ankle and Muscles of Ankle and Foot Movement: Foot Movement: Triceps Surae Gastrocnemius

Gastrocnemius O: medial epicondyle of the femur, lateral epicondyle of the femur Soleus I: calcaneus via the Achilles tendon

Muscles of Ankle and Muscles of Ankle and Foot Movement: Foot Movement: Plantaris Soleus

O: lateral epicondyle of the femur O: superior posterior third of the fibular shaft, soleal line of the tibia I: calcaneus via the Achilles tendon I: calcaneus via the Achilles tendon

Muscles of Ankle and Muscles of Ankle and Foot Movement: Foot Movement: Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus

O: posterior tibial shaft, posterior fibular O: posterior tibial shaft—middle region shaft, interosseous membrane I: distal phalanges 2-5 (plantar surface) I: tuberosity of navicular bone (plantar surface), cuneiform I, II and III, cuboid, calcaneus, navicular, and bases of metatarsals II, III, and IV

8 Muscles of Ankle and Muscles of Ankle and Foot Movement: Foot Movement Flexor Hallucis Longus Attachment sites for O: posterior fibular shaft—middle region, muscles of ankle and interosseus membrane foot movement

I: distal phalanx of big toe (plantar Anterior view surface)

Muscles of Ankle and Foot Movement

Attachment sites for muscles of ankle and foot movement

Posterior view