DOCSLIB.ORG

Thigh Muscles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thigh Muscles Lecture 14 THIGH MUSCLES ANTERIOR and Medial COMPARTMENT BY Dr Farooq Khan Aurakzai PMC Dated: 03.08.2021 INTRODUCTION What are the muscle compartments? The limbs can be divided into segments. If these segments are cut transversely, it is apparent that they are divided into multiple sections. These are called fascial compartments, and are formed by tough connective tissue septa. Compartments are groupings of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels in your arms and legs. INTRODUCTION to the thigh Muscles The musculature of the thigh can be split into three sections by intermuscular septas in to; Anterior compartment Medial compartment and Posterior compartment. Each compartment has a distinct innervation and function. • The Anterior compartment muscle are the flexors of hip and extensors of knee. • The Medial compartment muscle are adductors of thigh. • The Posterior compartment muscle are extensor of hip and flexors of knee. Anterior Muscles of thigh The muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L4), and as a general rule, act to extend the leg at the knee joint. There are three major muscles in the anterior thigh –: • The pectineus, • Sartorius and • Quadriceps femoris. In addition to these, the end of the iliopsoas muscle passes into the anterior compartment. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLE 1. SARTORIUS Is a long strap like and the most superficial muscle of the thigh descends obliquely Is making one of the tendon of Pes anserinus . In the upper 1/3 of the thigh the med margin of it makes the lat margin of Femoral triangle. Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine. Insertion: Anterior surface of Tibia just inferiolateral to its tuberosity. Action: Flexes the thigh at hip and leg at knee joint. Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L3) ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLE Quadriceps Femoris The quadriceps femoris consists of four individual muscles; three vasti muscles and the rectus femoris. They form the main bulk of the thigh, and collectively are one of the most powerful muscle in the body. The muscles that form quadriceps femoris unite proximal to the knee, and distally attach to the patella via the patellar tendon. The patella attaches to the tibia by the patellar ligament. The quadriceps femoris is the main extensor of the knee. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLE Quadriceps Femoris MUSCLE Origin Rectus Femoris: Ant. Sup. iliac spine and Ilium superior to acetabulum. Vastus Lateralis: Largest bulk of muscle Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of Femur. Vastus Medialis: Intertrochantric line and medial lip of linea aspera of Femur. Vastus Intermedius: Anterior and Lateral surface of shaft of Femur. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLE Quadriceps Femoris Insertion: Rectus femoris: Quadriceps Femoris tendon. Vastus Lateralis: Q F T Vastus Medialis: Q F T and medial border of Patella Vastus Intermedius: Q F T and lateral margin of Patella ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLE PSOAS MAJOR Origin: Post abdominal wall, transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae and disk between them. Insertion: Lesser trochanter of Femur . Action: Flexing thigh at hip joint and stabilizing the joint. Innervation: Ant rami of lumbar (L1-L2) Note: • It is the only muscle of the body which is present in three regions. i.e: Abdomen, pelvis and thigh. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLE ILIACUS Origin: Interior of the ilium i.e: iliac fossa and ASIS. Insertion: Lesser trochanter of Femur. Action: Flexing the thigh at hip joint and stabilizing the hip joint. Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L3) MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH There are six muscles in this compartment They comprise the adductor group. Consists of : 1:Adductor Longus 2:Adductor Brevis 3:Adductor Magnus 4:Gracilis 5:Obturator Externus 6:Pectineus MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH Adductor Longus Origin: Body of pubis inf to pubic crest Insertion: Middle 3rd of linea aspera Action: Adducts and medially rotates the thigh at hip joint Innervation: Obt nerve (L2,L3,L4) MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH Adductor Brevis Origin: External surface of body of pubis and inf pubic ramus. Insertion: Upper 1/3 of linea aspera and pectineal line. Action: Adducts the thigh and to some extent flexes it. Innervation: Obtuator nerve(L2-L3) MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH ADDUCTOR MAGNUS Origin: Adductor part: Ischiopubic Ramus Hamstring part: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Adductor part: Gluteal tuberosity Hamstring part: Adductor tubercle Action: Adduction and medial rotation. Innervation: Adductor-part: Obturator nerve(L2,L3,L4) Hamstring-part: Tibial division Sciatic nerve,L4 MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH Gracilis Origin: Body of inferior ramus of pubis. Insertion: Medial surface of proximal shaft of Tibia. Action: Adducts the thigh at hip joint and flexes the leg at knee joint Innervation: Obutrator nerve(L2,L3) MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH Obturator Externus Origin: External surface of Obt membrane and adjacent bone Insertion: Trochanteric fossa Action: Laterally rotates the thigh and steadies head of femur in acetabulum Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3,L4) ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLE Pectineus • The pectineus muscle is a flat muscle that forms the base of the femoral triangle. • It has a dual innervation, and thus can be considered a transitional muscle between the anterior thigh and medial thigh compartments. • Attachments: • It originates from the pectineal line on the anterior surface of the pelvis, and • Attaches to the pectineal line on the posterior side of the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter. • Actions: • Adduction and flexion at the hip joint. • Innervation: • Femoral nerve. • May also receive a branch from the obturator nerve. fullsize\F66122-006-f041.jpg VESSELS OF THE THIGH Femoral artery • The femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the leg. • It enters the thigh from behind the inguinal ligament as the common femoral artery, a continuation of the external iliac artery. • Here, it lies midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the symphysis pubis. Femoral artery……cont • The common femoral artery gives off the profunda femoris artery and becomes the superficial femoral artery to descend along the anteromedial part of the thigh in the femoral triangle. • It enters and passes through the adductor canal, and becomes the popliteal artery as it passes through an opening in adductor magnus near the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the thigh. • Its first three or four centimetres are enclosed, with the femoral vein, in the femoral sheath. Femoral artery……Relations: • The relations of the femoral artery are as follows: • Anteriorly: • In the upper part of its course, it is superficial and is covered by skin and fascia. • In the lower part of its course, it passes behind the sartorius muscle. • Posteriorly: • The artery lies on the psoas, which separates it from the hip joint, the pectineus, and the adductor longus. • The femoral vein intervenes between the artery and the adductor longus. • Medially: • It is related to the femoral vein in the upper part of its course. • Laterally: • The femoral nerve and its branches. Femoral artery……BRANCHES The femoral artery gives off several branches in the thigh which include; • The superficial circumflex iliac artery is a small branch that runs up to the region of the anterior superior iliac spine. • The superficial epigastric artery is a small branch that crosses the inguinal ligament and runs to the region of the umbilicus. • The superficial external pudendal artery is a small branch that runs medially to supply the skin of the scrotum (or labium majus). • The deep external pudendal artery runs medially and supplies the skin of the scrotum (or labium majus). Femoral artery……BRANCHES: • The profunda femoris artery is a large and important branch that arises from the lateral side of the femoral artery about 1.5 in. (4 cm) below the inguinal ligament. • It passes medially behind the femoral vessels and enters the medial fascial compartment of the thigh. • It ends by becoming the fourth perforating artery. • At its origin, it gives off the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries, and during its course it gives off three perforating arteries. • The descending genicular artery is a small branch that arises from the femoral artery near its termination within the adductor canal. • It assists in supplying the knee joint. • In clinical parlance, the part of the femoral artery proximal to the origin of profunda femoris is often termed the common femoral artery, while that distal to the origin of the profunda is termed the superficial femoral artery. Femoral vein • The femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. • It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. • It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. Drainage: • Several large veins drain into the Femoral vein: • Popliteal vein. • Profanda femoris vein. • Great saphenous vein. OBTURATOR ARTERY •The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery. • It passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal. • It divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. • The anterior branch of the obturator artery is a small artery in the thigh. • It distributes branches to the obturator externus, pectineus, adductors, and gracilis muscle. • It anastomoses with the posterior branch and with the medial femoral circumflex artery. OBTURATOR ARTERY…..con’t • Posterior branch of the obturator artery gives twigs to the muscles attached to the ischial tuberosity and anastomoses with the inferior gluteal artery. • It also supplies an articular branch which enters the hip-joint through the acetabular notch, ramifies in the fat at the bottom of the acetabulum and sends a twig along the ligament of head of femur (ligamentum teres) to the head of the femur.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arthroscopic and Open Anatomy of the Hip 11
    CHAPTER Arthroscopic and o'pen Anatomy of the Hip Michael B. Gerhardt, Kartik Logishetty, Morteza lV1eftah, and Anil S. Ranawat INTRODUCTION movements that they induce at the joint: 1) flexors; 2) extensors; 3) abductors; 4) adductors; 5) external rotators; and 6) interI12 I The hip joint is defined by the articulation between the head rotators. Although some muscles have dual roles, their primary of the femur and the aeetahulum of the pelvis. It is covered by functions define their group placem(:)nt, and they all have ullique :l large soft-tissue envelope and a complex array of neurovascu- neurovascular supplies (TIt ble 2-1). lar and musculotendinous structures. The joint's morphology The vascular supply of tbe hip stems from the external and anu orientation are complex, and there are wide anatomi c varia- internal iLiac ancries. An understanding of the course of these tions seen among individuals. The joint's deep location makes vessels is critical fo r ,lVo iding catasu"ophic vascular injury. fn both arthroscopic and open access challenging. To avoid iatro- addition, the blood supply to the fel11()ra l head is vulnerahle to genic injury while establishing functional and efficient access, both traumatic and iatrogenic injury; the disruption of this sup- the hip surgeon should possess a sound ana tomic knowledge of ply can result in avascular necrosis (Figure 2-2). the hip. T he human "hip" can be subdivided into three categories: I) the superficial surface anatomy; 2) the deep femoroacetabu- la r Joint and capsule; and 3) the associated structures, including the muscles, nerves, and vasculature, all of which directly affeet HIP MUSCULATURE its function.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Forearm Musculoskeletal Block - Lecture 9
    Anatomy of the forearm Musculoskeletal Block - Lecture 9 Objective: ✓ List the names of the Flexors and Extensor Group of Forearm (superficial & deep muscles). ✓ Identify the common flexor origin of flexor muscles and their innervation & movements. ✓ Identify supination & pronation and list the muscles produced these 2 movements. ✓ Describe the effect of injury of the muscle or its origin ✓ Identify the common extensor origin of extensor muscles and their innervation & movements. Color index: Important In male’s slides only In female’s slides only Extra information, explanation Editing file Contact us: [email protected] Forearm 1- The forearm extends from the elbow to wrist. 2- It posses two bones radius laterally and ulna medially. 3- The two bones are connected to each other by interosseous membrane. 4- This membrane allows movement of pronation and supination while the two bones are connected together. 5- also it gives origin to the deep muscles. Fascial compartment of the forearm 1- The forearm is enclosed in a sheath of deep fascia, which is attached to the posterior border of ulna (it encircle the forearm completely (Without touching the radius) and return again to the posterior border of the ulna) 2- This fascial sheath together with the interosseous membrane and fibrous intermuscular septa divides the forearm into (anterior and posterior) compartments each having its own muscles, nerves and blood supply. (The radius and ulna are connected by 3 structures: the interosseous membrane, superior radioulnar joint and inferior radioulnar joint). Anterior compartment - FLEXOR GROUP 1- 8 muscles.. 2- They act on the elbow and wrist joints and the fingers.
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Extremity Clinical/Anatomical Review
    LOWER EXTREMITY CLINICAL/ANATOMICAL REVIEW Clinical Condition Anatomy Cause Symptom Hip/Pelvis Femoral Hernia Femoral ring is a weak point in Increase in pressure in Bulge in anterior thigh abdomino-pelvic cavity; abdomen (lifting heavy below Inguinal Ligament Lymphatic vessels course object, cough, etc.) can through Femoral ring to force loop of bowel into Femoral Canal in medial part Femoral Canal (out of Femoral sheath (Sheath Saphenous opening) surrounds Fem. Art, Vein, Lymph) Hip Pointer Anterior Superior Iliac spine Fall on hip causes Bruise on hip (origin of Sartorius, Tens. contusion at spine Fasc. Lata m.) is subcutaneous Pulled Groin Adductor muscles of thigh take Tear in Adductor Pain in groin (at or near origin from pubis muscles can occur in pubis) contact sports Hamstring Pull Hamstring muscles of post. Excessive contraction Agonizing pain in thigh have common origin at (often in running) produces posterior thigh if muscles Ischial Tuberosity tear or avulsion of are avulsed hamstring muscles from Ischial tuberosity Gluteal Gait Gluteus Medius and Minimus Damage to Superior Gluteal Gait act to support body weight Gluteal Nerve or polio (Trendelenberg Sign): when standing (essential when pelvis tilts to down opposite leg is lifted in toward non-paralyzed walking) side when opposite (non- paralyzed) leg is lifted in walking Collateral Cruciate anastomosis links Damage to External Iliac Bleeding (can ligate circulation at hip Inf. Gluteal artery (from Int. or Femoral arteries (stab between Internal Iliac Iliac.) and Profunda
    [Show full text]
  • Elbow Checklist
    Workbook Musculoskeletal Ultrasound September 26, 2013 Shoulder Checklist Long biceps tendon Patient position: Facing the examiner Shoulder in slight medial rotation; elbow in flexion and supination Plane/ region: Transverse (axial): from a) intraarticular portion to b) myotendinous junction (at level of the pectoralis major tendon). What you will see: Long head of the biceps tendon Supraspinatus tendon Transverse humeral ligament Subscapularis tendon Lesser tuberosity Greater tuberosity Short head of the biceps Long head of the biceps (musculotendinous junction) Humeral shaft Pectoralis major tendon Plane/ region: Logitudinal (sagittal): What you will see: Long head of biceps; fibrillar structure Lesser tuberosity Long head of the biceps tendon Notes: Subscapularis muscle and tendon Patient position: Facing the examiner Shoulder in lateral rotation; elbow in flexion/ supination Plane/ region: longitudinal (axial): full vertical width of tendon. What you will see: Subscapularis muscle, tendon, and insertion Supraspinatus tendon Coracoid process Deltoid Greater tuberosity Lesser tuberosity Notes: Do passive medial/ lateral rotation while examining Plane/ region: Transverse (sagittal): What you will see: Lesser tuberosity Fascicles of subscapularis tendon Supraspinatus tendon Patient position: Lateral to examiner Shoulder in extension and medial rotation Hand on ipsilateral buttock Plane/ region: Longitudinal (oblique sagittal) Identify the intra-articular portion of biceps LH in the transverse plane; then
    [Show full text]
  • Intramuscular Neural Distribution of the Sartorius Muscles: Treating Spasticity with Botulinum Neurotoxin
    Intramuscular Neural Distribution of the Sartorius Muscles: Treating Spasticity With Botulinum Neurotoxin Kyu-Ho Yi Yonsei University Ji-Hyun Lee Yonsei University Kyle Seo Modelo Clinic Hee-Jin Kim ( [email protected] ) Yonsei University Research Article Keywords: botulinum neurotoxin, spasticity, sartorius muscle, Sihler’s staining Posted Date: January 6th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-129928/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/14 Abstract This study aimed to detect the idyllic locations for botulinum neurotoxin injection by analyzing the intramuscular neural distributions of the sartorius muscles. A altered Sihler’s staining was conducted on sartorius muscles (15 specimens). The nerve entry points and intramuscular arborization areas were measured as a percentage of the total distance from the most prominent point of the anterior superior iliac spine (0%) to the medial femoral epicondyle (100%). Intramuscular neural distribution were densely detected at 20–40% and 60–80% for the sartorius muscles. The result suggests that the treatment of sartorius muscle spasticity requires botulinum neurotoxin injections in particular locations. These locations, corresponding to the locations of maximum arborization, are suggested as the most safest and effective points for botulinum neurotoxin injection. Introduction Spasticity is a main contributor to functional loss in patients with impaired central nervous system, such as in stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and others 1. Sartorius muscle, as a hip and knee exor, is one of the commonly involved muscles, and long-lasting spasticity of the muscle results in abnormalities secondary to muscle hyperactivity, affecting lower levels of functions, such as impairment of gait.
    [Show full text]
  • The Deep Femoral Artery and Branching Variations: a Case Report Arteria Profunda Femoris Ve Dallarının Varyasyonu: Olgu Sunumu
    Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi Cumhuriyet Tıp Derg 2009; 31: 279-282 Cumhuriyet Medical Journal Cumhuriyet Med J 2009; 31: 279-282 The deep femoral artery and branching variations: a case report Arteria profunda femoris ve dallarının varyasyonu: olgu sunumu Vedat Sabancıoğulları, Mehmet İlkay Koşar, Ekrem Ölçü, Mehmet Çimen Department of Anatomy (Assist. Prof. V. Sabancıoğulları, MD; Assist. Prof. M. İ. Koşar, MD; Prof. M. Çimen, PhD), Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, TR-58140, Sivas; and Department of Radiology (E. Ölçü, MD, Specialist in Radiology) Afşin State Hospital, TR-46500 Kahramanmaraş Abstract The deep femoral artery is the major branch of the femoral artery. Its branches and branching show various variations. For this reason, an extensive knowledge about the anatomy of the deep femoral artery is indeed important in vascular reconstructive surgery involving the groin. In this investigation, a case with variations of the deep femoral artery origin and branching has been presented. The case was a 45-year old male cadaver and the arterial variation was noted during routine dissection. The right and left origins of the deep femoral artery varied. When the midpoint of the inguinal ligament was taken as a reference, the right artery originated at 5.58 cm and the left artery at 2.22 cm. In the left, the ascending branch and transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery originated. At a joint root and the descending branch originated directly at the deep femoral artery. Also in the left, it was observed that there were eight perforating arteries. Keywords: Deep femoral artery, anatomic variation, cadaver Özet Arteria profunda femoris, arteria femoralis’in uyluğu besleyen en büyük dalıdır.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstructive
    RECONSTRUCTIVE Angiosomes of the Foot and Ankle and Clinical Implications for Limb Salvage: Reconstruction, Incisions, and Revascularization Christopher E. Attinger, Background: Ian Taylor introduced the angiosome concept, separating the M.D. body into distinct three-dimensional blocks of tissue fed by source arteries. Karen Kim Evans, M.D. Understanding the angiosomes of the foot and ankle and the interaction among Erwin Bulan, M.D. their source arteries is clinically useful in surgery of the foot and ankle, especially Peter Blume, D.P.M. in the presence of peripheral vascular disease. Paul Cooper, M.D. Methods: In 50 cadaver dissections of the lower extremity, arteries were injected Washington, D.C.; New Haven, with methyl methacrylate in different colors and dissected. Preoperatively, each Conn.; and Millburn, N.J. reconstructive patient’s vascular anatomy was routinely analyzed using a Dopp- ler instrument and the results were evaluated. Results: There are six angiosomes of the foot and ankle originating from the three main arteries and their branches to the foot and ankle. The three branches of the posterior tibial artery each supply distinct portions of the plantar foot. The two branches of the peroneal artery supply the anterolateral portion of the ankle and rear foot. The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior ankle, and its continuation, the dorsalis pedis artery, supplies the dorsum of the foot. Blood flow to the foot and ankle is redundant, because the three major arteries feeding the foot have multiple arterial-arterial connections. By selectively performing a Doppler examination of these connections, it is possible to quickly map the existing vascular tree and the direction of flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultrasonographic Analysis of the Anatomical Relationship Between Femoral Vessels in the Upper Part of Thigh in Critically Ill Patients – a Cross Sectional Study
    November - December, 2018/ Vol 6/Issue 08 Print ISSN: 2321-127X, Online ISSN: 2320-8686 Original Research Article Ultrasonographic analysis of the anatomical relationship between femoral vessels in the upper part of thigh in critically ill patients – a cross sectional study Suresh Kumar V.K. 1, Vijayan D. 2, Kunhu S. 3, Varghese B. 4 1Dr. Suresh Kumar V.K., Senior Consultant, 2Dr. Deepak Vijayan, Senior Consultant, 3Dr. Shamim Kunhu, Associate Consultant; above all authors are affiliated with Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, 4Dr. Boban Varghese, Consultant ICU Physician, Valluvanadu Hospital, Ottappalam, Kerala, India Corresponding Author: Dr. Suresh Kumar, Senior Consultant, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. E-mail: [email protected] ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...… Abstract Objective: Femoral vessels are one of the frequently used sites of cannulation in intensive care units. In resource limited settings cannulations are done blindly without ultrasonographic guidance based on a traditional belief that in the upper thigh vein keeps a medial relationship to artery. In this trial we tried to analyse the anatomical relationship of femoral vein to femoral artery using ultrasound in critically ill patients. Methods: This cross sectional study analysed the anatomical relationship of femoral vein to femoral artery at 2cm, 4 cm and 6 cm from the mid inguinal point in both thighs of the patients using ultrasonography. The study was done among patients admitted in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Results: Three hundred limbs of one hundred and fifty patients were analysed by ultrasonography. A total of 900 measurements were taken at three different levels of both legs.
    [Show full text]
  • Compiled for Lower Limb
    Updated: December, 9th, 2020 MSI ANATOMY LAB: STRUCTURE LIST Lower Extremity Lower Extremity Osteology Hip bone Tibia • Greater sciatic notch • Medial condyle • Lesser sciatic notch • Lateral condyle • Obturator foramen • Tibial plateau • Acetabulum o Medial tibial plateau o Lunate surface o Lateral tibial plateau o Acetabular notch o Intercondylar eminence • Ischiopubic ramus o Anterior intercondylar area o Posterior intercondylar area Pubic bone (pubis) • Pectineal line • Tibial tuberosity • Pubic tubercle • Medial malleolus • Body • Superior pubic ramus Patella • Inferior pubic ramus Fibula Ischium • Head • Body • Neck • Ramus • Lateral malleolus • Ischial tuberosity • Ischial spine Foot • Calcaneus Ilium o Calcaneal tuberosity • Iliac fossa o Sustentaculum tali (talar shelf) • Anterior superior iliac spine • Anterior inferior iliac spine • Talus o Head • Posterior superior iliac spine o Neck • Posterior inferior iliac spine • Arcuate line • Navicular • Iliac crest • Cuboid • Body • Cuneiforms: medial, intermediate, and lateral Femur • Metatarsals 1-5 • Greater trochanter • Phalanges 1-5 • Lesser trochanter o Proximal • Head o Middle • Neck o Distal • Linea aspera • L • Lateral condyle • L • Intercondylar fossa (notch) • L • Medial condyle • L • Lateral epicondyle • L • Medial epicondyle • L • Adductor tubercle • L • L • L • L • 1 Updated: December, 9th, 2020 Lab 3: Anterior and Medial Thigh Anterior Thigh Medial thigh General Structures Muscles • Fascia lata • Adductor longus m. • Anterior compartment • Adductor brevis m. • Medial compartment • Adductor magnus m. • Great saphenous vein o Adductor hiatus • Femoral sheath o Compartments and contents • Pectineus m. o Femoral canal and ring • Gracilis m. Muscles & Associated Tendons Nerves • Tensor fasciae lata • Obturator nerve • Iliotibial tract (band) • Femoral triangle: Boundaries Vessels o Inguinal ligament • Obturator artery o Sartorius m. • Femoral artery o Adductor longus m.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodical Complex on Gross Anatomy for Ii Course
    MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION OF UZBEKISTAN BUKHARA STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER ABU ALI IBN SINO DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY "APPROVED" by Vice-Rector for Academic and educational work, Associate prof. G.J.Jarilkasinova ________________________________ "_____" ________________ 2020 Area of knowledge: 500000 - Health and social care Education field: 510000 - Healthcare Educational direction: 5510100 - Medical business 5111000 - Professional education (5510100 - Medicine business) 5510200 - Pediatric Medicine 5510300 - Medico-prophylactic business 5510400 – Dentistry (by directions) 5510900 – Medico-biological business EDUCATIONAL - METHODICAL COMPLEX ON GROSS ANATOMY FOR II COURSE Bukhara 2020 The scientific program was approved by the Resolution of the Coordination Council No. ___ of August ___, 2020 on the activities of educational and methodological associations in the areas of higher and secondary special and vocational education. The teaching and methodical complex was developed by order of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 1, 2017 No. 107. Compilers: Radjabov A.B. - Head of the Department of Anatomy, Associate Professor Khasanova D.A. - Assistant of the Department of Anatomy, PhD Bobomurodov N.L. - Associate Professor of the Department of Anatomy Reviewers: Davronov R.D. - Head of the Department Histology and Medical biology, Associate Professor Djuraeva G.B. - Head of the Department of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Judicial Medicine, Associate Professor The working educational program for anatomy is compiled on the basis of working educational curriculum and educational program for the areas of 5510100 - Medical business. This is discussed and approved at the department Protocol № ______ of "____" _______________2020 Head of the chair, associate professor: Radjabov A.B.
    [Show full text]
  • 11/1 Welcome to Our Unit on the Organs of Action
    LEGS & ARMS UNIT MODULE 1 1 Welcome to Beyond Trigger Point Seminars Legs and Arms Unit Module 1 on the Quadriceps, Adductors & Hamstrings. In this unit we will be exploring myofascial pain syndromes (MPS) of the upper and lower extremities. Like the heart to the circulation system, the legs and arms are our body’s organs of action. Because a majority of our pain clients are presenting with problems in the low back and neck regions, therapists, I’ve noticed, are often focused on only treating these regions. In this unit, you will become more familiar with the many common pain diagnoses of the legs and arms frequently unrecognized as originating from trigger points (TrPs). We will consider the holding patterns down below which are affecting the alignment up above. We may be treating condition specific, but we will also be looking at the entire structure as well. Specifically, by the end of your online studies, you will have a greater understanding of tennis and golfer’s elbow, carpel tunnel syndrome, heal spurs, plantar fasciitis, shin splints, and runner’s and jumper’s knees to innumerate just a few diagnoses we will encounter. Before we get started, let’s do a little housekeeping. If you haven’t already listened to the free introductory lecture, it is available at www.AskCathyCohen.com. Though I try reviewing one or two basic concepts of myofascial pain syndromes with each module, by listening to the intro lecture and filling in its study guide, you’ll maximize your learning. What also helps is setting aside four 60 to 90 minute slots in your appointment book to complete this unit.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gracilis Musculocutaneous Flap As a Method of Closure of Ischial Pressure Sores: Preliminary Report
    Paraplegia 20 (1982) 217-226 0031-1758/82/00010217 $02.00 © 1982 Internationalivledical Society of Paraplegia THE GRACILIS MUSCULOCUTANEOUS FLAP AS A METHOD OF CLOSURE OF ISCHIAL PRESSURE SORES: PRELIMINARY REPORT By JOHN C. MCGREGOR, F.R.C.S. Edenhall Hospital, Musselburgh and Bangour General Hospital, West Lothian, Scotland Abstract. Ischial pressure sores were treated by excision and repair with a gracilis musculocutaneous flap. The operative technique and results are discussed. Key words: Ischial pressure sore; Gracilis musculocutaneous flap. Introduction WHILE the majority of ischial pressure sores can be excised and closed directly, this is not invariably so as when they are large or when previous operations have failed. Conservative and non-operative measures can be employed but take time, and scarred tissue is less durable to further trauma (Conway & Griffith, I956). These authors recommended ischiectomy, biceps femoris muscle flap turned into the defect and a medially based thigh rotation flap. With the realisation of the potential value of incorporating muscle and overlying skin as a musculo- or myo-cutaneous flap in the last few years (McCraw et al., I977) it was not long before musculo­ cutaneous flap repair of ischial defects was described. Various muscles have been used in these flaps including gluteus maximus (Minami et al., 1977), biceps femoris (James & Moir, I980), hamstring muscles (Hagerty et al., 1980), and the gracilis muscle (McCraw et al., 1977; Bostwick et al., 1979; Labandter, 1980). The gracilis muscle is a flat, thin, accessory adductor of the thigh which is expendable, even in the non-paraplegic. It is situated superficially on the medial FIG.
    [Show full text]