UNA-UK

Bringing news and comment on the UN to the UK 2 // 2016

Make the UN great again?

Special issue on the appointment of a new Secretary-General

WITH Mark Malloch-Brown on the Secretary-General’s first 100 days in office / Shazia Rafi & Yvonne Terlingen on the push for a female UN chief / Stephen Browne & Thomas G. Weiss on making the process more transparent / Richard Gowan on what's in it for the UK / Ten things the candidates should be saying For 70 years, the decision on who gets the UN’s top job 2 // 2016 // www.una.org.uk Bringing news and comment on the UN to the UK has taken place in secret, dominated by the Security New World online Contents Council’s permanent members Included in this issue – a series of and subject to backroom deals. comment pieces on priorities for the next Secretary-General:

UNA-UK’s “1 for 7 Billion” campaign has Peace operations transformed the process. Together with Sarah von Billerbeck, University our partners around the world we fought of Reading for more transparency, for merit to be Climate change the main consideration, and for all UN Camilla Born, E3G member states to have a say in choosing Civil society the best possible person to lead the UN Sylvia Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, at this challenging time. One World Trust Human rights Our efforts have led to the most Marc Limon, Universal Rights Group open process in the UN’s history, Girls’ empowerment with candidates holding hearings in the Zara Rapoport, Plan International Schneider © UN Photo/Evan General Assembly. We also held three “This could be a real game-changer” Mogens Lykketoft, public debates with candidates, so that Nuclear disarmament Alyn Ware, UNFOLD Zero their most important constituency – President of the 70th General Assembly session, on the world’s seven billion people – And much more at: could make their voices heard. www.una.org.uk/magazine the impact of the more transparent Secretary-General New World – required reading for selection process. He is pictured at the first-ever Please help us to continue pushing for global citizens from all walks of life a strong, credible and effective UN. televised candidate debate on 12 July 2016. You can become a member by visiting www.una.org.uk/join and make a UNA-UK 3 Whitehall Court, London SW1A 2EL / www.una.org.uk donation at www.una.org.uk/donate Tel: +44(0)20 7766 3454 / Email: [email protected] The United Nations Association – UK is a charitable 4 Editorial 18 Talking points company limited by guarantee (no. 1146016). Natalie Samarasinghe Shazia Rafi and Yvonne Terlingen Chair – Lord Wood of Anfield Executive Director – Natalie Samarasinghe and Stewart Wood debate whether the next UN chief From left to right: Igor Lukšic, Vuk Jeremic and António Guterres Deputy Director (Finance & Governance) must be a woman tell the Guardian’s Mark Rice-Oxley why they’re running for the – Angie Pankhania UN’s top job © UNA-UK/Zoe Norfolk Deputy Director (Outreach) – Richard Nelmes 6 The facts Head of Campaigns – Ben Donaldson 20 Campaigns & Communications Officer New World lets facts and figures Opinion – Isabelle Younane speak for themselves Boutros-Ghali: model Outreach Assistant – Laurel Hart Administrative Assistant – Melody Barreau and cautionary tale 8 Opinion Keith Hindell New World is published by UNA-UK First 100 days on the 38th floor Editor – Natalie Samarasinghe Sub-editors – Isabelle Younane, Ian Blenkinsop (Soapbox) Mark Malloch-Brown 21 10 Advertising – [email protected] Things that Secretary-General Disclaimer 9 Opinion candidates should be saying Opinions in New World do not necessarily reflect the views of UNA-UK, the United Nations or contributors’ organisations. “Selling” the UN chief on social media Subscription Yasmin Kamel 22 Interview New World is included in the UNA-UK membership fee. Sir Jeremy Greenstock Designed by Soapbox – www.soapbox.co.uk 10 Feature This issue of New World is The “other election” 24 UNA-UK outreach printed using vegetable-based inks on 100% recycled chlorine- Stephen Browne and Featuring Richard Nelmes on the and acid-free paper. When you Thomas G. Weiss on the need for global citizens to act as are finished with the magazine, please recycle it or, better yet, new selection process the UK recalibrates its global role pass it on to a friend. 16 Essay 26 The last word Still great? Why the Why the Secretary-General UK needs an effective UN appointment matters to people Richard Gowan around the world UNA-UK To join UNA-UK or donate to our work, visit www.una.org.uk UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 3 Editorial

Leading the charge Leading the charge Natalie Samarasinghe, Stewart Wood (Lord Wood UNA‑UK’s Executive Director, of Anfield), UNA-UK’s Chair, on the Secretary-General race on why we need your support

In October, the UN is expected to It is an enormous privilege to take over among the people of the UK. This appoint its new chief. For the first from Sir Jeremy Greenstock as Chair of will involve building on the best of time ever, thanks in part to UNA‑UK UNA-UK. I do so at a time when making our unique organisation – the energy and partners, we know who the the case for international cooperation of our members and supporters – but candidates are – see p. 12 and updates and global citizenship, and British also adapting to changing times: by on www.1for7billion.org. leadership of these values, has never reaching out to engage new audiences, 1 for 7 Billion was founded by been more important. and developing a wider range of UNA‑UK, the World Federalist A quick look around the world activities and events. Movement, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung reveals a catalogue of challenges – Under Jeremy and Natalie’s New York and Avaaz to transform the some long-standing and familiar, some leadership, UNA-UK showed way in which the UN selects its leader. more recent – that affect the interests with its 1 for 7 Billion campaign For the past 70 years, the process has of both our country and the global how a lasting impact on the been opaque, dominated by the Security community. Economic fragility continues international stage can be achieved Council’s permanent members (P5), and to threaten stability around the world, by focusing on a clear set of issues subject to backroom deals and conventions as do the perils of uncontrolled climate with defined goals. These campaigns such as regional rotation which served change. More recently, we have seen the can succeed when there is unity of to shrink the talent pool. spread of a new variety of international purpose – from the team in the Our aim was to institute a transparent, dialogues with all UN member states, is appointed will need to choose carefully ABOVE: Figurines of terrorism, and the emergence of the UNA‑UK offices in London to members, inclusive and merit-based process – an allowing for some civil society input. when to play the role of secular pope and G20 leaders made by most serious displacement crisis since supporters, students and friends in important end in itself as well as a crucial Of course, the job is not yet done. when to work behind the scenes. It is a artist Wu Xiaoli for the 1945. Civil wars in Yemen and Syria organisations with whom we work. 2016 Hangzhou Summit We need to translate our faith in the step in addressing worrying global trends: We are still pursuing key campaign fiendishly difficult balancing act but the © Long Wei/VCG via have brought unspeakable tragedy a resurgence in big power tensions and priorities, such as a non-renewable new selection process, which involved Getty Images with no end in sight, and threaten value of internationalism into targeted in populist movements, as people grow term of office, which would free the appealing to the public which has no to draw in countries not just from ambitions for change, and dedicate increasingly frustrated with political next postholder from the politics of re- vote whilst not alienating the P5, has the region but around the world. our organisation to achieving them. leaders and institutions. appointment. Perhaps more importantly, been good practice. Meanwhile, in the midst of these crises, Richard Nelmes talks on p. 25 With instability and insularity on the we don’t yet know to what extent, if any, This issue of New World makes the UK’s decision to leave the European about one such planned campaign. rise, many governments have narrowed our efforts will cut through P5 politics. proposals for how the next UN chief Union has created uncertainty about To make all this possible, their horizons and shied away from If nothing else, though, we have should approach these challenges – Britain’s future commitment to however, UNA-UK needs continued investing in global solutions. As a result, managed to raise the cost of them making a from Mark Malloch-Brown’s manifesto wider international engagement. financial support. I hope you will forgive the UN, more in demand than ever, is bad appointment. The P5 are not immune for his or her “first 100 days” (p. 8) to my These challenges have put a serious me for the regularity with which I will overstretched and under-funded. It will to the views of the wider UN membership. tongue-in-cheek list of UN home truths Get in touch strain on both international institutions ask you to provide that support, and not survive without concerted support. Their acquiescence to the new process (p. 21). In our feature, Stephen Browne and faith in global cooperation. The story to encourage others you know to do This must come from states and from the might have reflected a genuine desire for and Thomas G. Weiss explain this year’s UNA-UK welcomes your thoughts is not all bleak – for example, the Paris likewise. We are an organisation without public. But the next Secretary-General reform on the part of some, but it was also innovations (pp. 10–15), Yasmin Kamel and comments on this issue of Agreement shows what is possible through corporate sponsorship and no financial New World, and your suggestions will have to lead the charge. a realpolitik calculation of the benefits of explores online campaigning (p. 9) ambition, hard work and compromise support from the United Nations. If we for future issues. So our campaign set out proposals permitting changes that did not actually and Shazia Rafi and Yvonne Terlingen (see p. 28 for details of our new climate are to survive and have an impact with to help find the best person for the job, diminish their power. debate the merits of the push for the first You can email the editor, change publication). But those of us new priorities and new campaigns, we and worked to build support for them And the new process has raised the female Secretary-General (pp. 18–19). Natalie Samarasinghe, committed to the indispensability of will need this very practical help from in New York and outside the UN bubble, bar. If the Secretary-General is to support Online, we feature UN to-do lists on at [email protected], partnership among the community you all, and to grow the base of donors in capitals and communities. By 2015, the UN in addressing the existential issues from human rights to disarmament – tweet @Natalie_UNA or @UNAUK of nations, and robust international to help fund our work. So, without we had built a movement involving challenges we face, such as climate change a precursor to 1 for 7 Billion’s people’s or write to organisations with authority and capacity apology, my call for your support the majority of UN member states and and big power conflict, then she or he agenda for the UN, which will be presented UNA-UK, to act, need a stronger voice now than begins here and now: you can go to some 200 million supporters. Later that must be able to inspire people, to bring to the next Secretary-General. 3 Whitehall Court, for many decades. www.una.org.uk/donate and help year, the General Assembly adopted a them together and to set out a vision The next few weeks are likely to London SW1A 2EL. I passionately believe that build our movement. groundbreaking resolution that, with based on what needs to happen, not what see candidates dropping out, at least UNA‑UK should lead the charge. I know that you all share my leadership from General Assembly people want to hear – an antidote to state one new contender throw her hat into www.una.org.uk/magazine We must be an organisation that enthusiasm for adapting to the next President Mogens Lykketoft, saw many short-termism. the ring, and colour-coded ballots in New World – required reading for focuses our attention on influencing phase in UNA-UK’s history, and I of our proposals realised: a public list But she or he also needs to be a good the Security Council (p. 10). The latest global citizens from all walks of life. decision-makers at home and abroad, look forward to travelling around of candidates, their CVs and vision negotiator and mediator, someone who news, rumours and commentary will combined with working hard to build the country to meet many of you statements; and broadcast candidate will be taken seriously by the P5. Whoever be available at una.org.uk. the consensus for active internationalism in the coming months.

4 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 5 The facts THE APPOINTMENT A MORE TRANSPARENT PROCESS PROCESS New World lets facts and ONE SEC-GEN 2015 The Security Council holds the first of figures speak for themselves … was already working at The UN Charter devotes just one sentence SEPTEMBER its ‘straw polls’ – informal ballots – to to the appointment process in Article 97: The General Assembly adopts a determine its recommendation to the the UN when appointed: resolution on a fairer, more inclusive Council. The 1 for 7 Billion campaign for KOFI ANNAN “The Secretary-General shall be process to appoint the next UN a more transparent process calls on leader with: journalists to monitor any deal-making appointed by the General Assembly • A broad timeline and selection criteria between candidates and states. 8 … resigned, citing pressures upon the recommendation of the • A strong call for merit to be the SECRETARIES- from big powers: Security Council.” primary consideration, with due regard AUGUST–SEPTEMBER to gender and geographic balance Three further straw polls are held TRYGVE LIE GENERAL Original vision • The circulation of candidates’ names and topped, like the first, by Portugal’s This process was originally interpreted to and CVs António Guterres. … died on duty: mean the General Assembly would vote on • Informal dialogues with candidates multiple candidates. But in 1946, to promote in the General Assembly OCTOBER DAG HAMMARSKJÖLD The Council is expected to hold Last year the UN decided to investigate post-war stability, the Assembly asked DECEMBER further straw polls, with permanent his death following decades of the Security Council to recommend just allegations that he was murdered. one candidate. Hence, the first Secretary- The selection process is initiated by members given coloured ballots so General, Trygve Lie, was elected by 46 a joint letter sent to all UN member that the Council can see whether a votes to 3 in a secret ballot. After that first states by the Presidents of the General prospective candidate could be vetoed 0 8 … was denied a second election, a number of informal practices Assembly and the Security Council. in a formal vote. The formal vote on WOMEN MEN term through a US veto: evolved which led to an increasingly opaque Candidates’ names, CVs and vision the recommendation is also expected process dominated by powerful states statements begin to be posted on to take place this month, under the BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI the UN website. Russian Council Presidency. It has been the Council’s practice to include the PROCESS BEFORE 2015 2016 term limit in its recommendation. 2016 CANDIDATES APRIL CHARTER PROVISIONS: MUST DOS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER The first round of candidate dialogues The General Assembly will take a 1 To be nominated, a candidate must are broadcast on UNTV, with questions decision on the recommendation. receive at least 9 affirmative votes in from states and a few from civil society. Although a simple majority vote is the Security Council (SC), with no veto UNA-UK holds the first-ever candidate stipulated, in the past the Assembly by a permanent member (China, France, debate in New York. 6 women 6 men Russia, the UK and the US – the P5). The has made the decision by acclamation. 2007–PRESENT 1997–2006 1992–1996 1982–1991 SC then forwards its recommendation to JUNE Many states have made it clear that KOFI A. ANNAN BOUTROS BOUTROS- JAVIER PÉREZ BAN KI-MOON 8 Eastern Europeans the General Assembly (GA) The second round of dialogues and they are prepared to reject a poor (SOUTH KOREA) (GHANA) GHALI (EGYPT) DE CUÉLLAR (PERU) No Secretary-General to date has been second UNA-UK debate (in London) recommendation, as this would not from this UN regional group. GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS: take place. respect the more open and inclusive WILL-DOS selection process. Several are also 2 Latin Americans JULY thought to be considering varying the 1 The SC should put forward just one The third round of dialogues and term limit. The 1 for 7 Billion campaign 2 from the UN’s “Western candidate to the GA third UNA-UK debate (in New York) has called for a non-renewable term of Europe and Others” group 2 The first-term limit for the postholder is take place. Al Jazeera broadcasts a office, to give the next Secretary-General 1972–1981 1961–1971 1953–1961 1946– 1952 (New Zealand and Portugal) five years with the option of a further five ‘townhall’ meeting with candidates. the political space to take decisive action. KURT WALDHEIM U THANT DAG HAMMARSKJÖLD TRYGVE LIE (AUSTRIA) (MYANMAR) (SWEDEN) (NORWAY) Correct as of 12 September 2016. Three candidates 3 Due regard should be given to regional (two Eastern Europeans and one Latin American) rotation and gender equality have now withdrawn their candidacy. What difference can a UN Secretary-General make? FROM INFORMAL PRACTICES: The Secretary-General’s powers are limited, but, despite this, an effective In 70 years, only HAVE-ALWAYS-DONES leader can manoeuvre within the political constraints to great effect: 1 Nationals from the P5 are not Trygve Lie initiated the U Thant played a crucial 3 women nominated for the role, with candidates first UN peacekeeping role in resolving the have been seriously overwhelmingly from small or middle- mission: military Cuban Missile Crisis considered as candidates: ranking powers 3 observers to monitor Western 1961–1971 2 Since the 1990s, there has been an 1946– 1952 the armistice agreement Europe Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit TRYGVE LIE U THANT informal expectation that the post (NORWAY) between Israel and its (MYANMAR) (India, 1953) Kofi Annan’s deal with 2 should be “rotated” regionally neighbours in 1948 pharmaceutical companies widened access to 2 Asia 3 Postholders generally speak English and Gro Harlem Brundtland HIV/AIDS treatment Africa French, the two working languages of the Dag Hammarskjöld’s (Norway, 1991) 1997–2006 1 UN Secretariat diplomacy averted major KOFI A. ANNAN Latin (GHANA) 4 Postholders have generally been conflict in Suez and Ban Ki-moon used his America Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga Hungary. He is credited appointed for two terms of five years, 1953–1961 moral authority and (Latvia, 2006) although both the SC and GA could vary DAG HAMMARSKJÖLD with developing the ‘good platform to champion (SWEDEN) offices’ function of the UN LGBTI rights the term 2007–PRESENT BAN KI-MOON (SOUTH KOREA) 6 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 7 Opinion Opinion

Mark Malloch-Brown on the Yasmin Kamel on how to “sell” a Secretary-General’s first 100 days Secretary-General in the digital age

For politicians elected with a mandate objectives. They retain, of course, the but that it is the financial power of When the process to choose Kofi Jazeera, the debate saw 10 candidates their personal experiences to making the derived from their manifesto, the first power to hold you accountable for results. others, notably private sector finance Annan’s successor as UN Secretary- answering questions. It was a chance for case that it is time for a woman to take 100 days are a frenetic burst of activity Second, make the UN a 21st-century and innovation, which will close the General began in 2006, Twitter had each to showcase their vision for the UN on this role, they have used social media intended to put early momentum organisation: networked and distributed gap between aspiration and result. not yet been launched and Facebook and for the watching audience to hear their to showcase what they could bring to behind its enactment. A new Secretary- rather than New York-centric and multi- This is about more than letting was still in its infancy. The opportunity opinions on serious challenges such as the what has been dubbed “the world’s most General (SG) is in a different position. stakeholder, so that civil society, business, the private sector get a foot in the to engage directly and personally with refugee crisis and the civil war in Syria. impossible job”. She, or he, has been chosen as the religious and social leaders can be at the door. It’s about what kind of world people in every continent simply did But even before this occasion, We should welcome this wider consensus candidate best able to bridge table when they are part of the coalition we want by 2030. One struggling not exist in the way it does today. candidates had taken advantage of the engagement with the public as it helps differences between member states – to solve a problem. under the burden of mass migration, Ten years later, Ban Ki-moon’s opportunities that digital communications maintain and strengthen public support – and must work with whatever elusive environmental crises, and declining successor is being chosen in a radically provide to set out their stall in a way that not only for the candidates themselves, alignment of interests can be found Win back the space. At the growth, or one that has embraced different communications environment. has not been seen before. but also for the UN. An organisation that to nudge the organisation forward. a future where these issues are met head And although the selection will ultimately Serbia’s candidate, Vuk Jeremic, for advocates equal rights, gender equality She is not a politician with an election moment your organisation on. An SG who can communicate these be made by the Security Council – instance, has used social media to publicise and transparent democratic elections victory under their belt but a civil choices can literally change the world. particularly the five permanent members a policy platform outlining his response should practice what it preaches. The more servant with 193 stroppy masters. is micro-managed by states. It is an example of the potential power (P5) who have dominated the process to global challenges. The former New that the public feels they have a say in who The best SGs have eventually escaped You have to arrive at a of the bully pulpit. for 70 years – the arrival of social media Zealand prime minister, Helen Clark, has fills this post, the better for the credibility that cage and gone over the heads of On the humanitarian side there has brought public campaigning into this coupled the traditional lobbying of senior of the UN. ambassadors, and sometimes even their new bargain… And recover remains unfinished business. Leadership characteristically private process. figures such as President Xi of China and In the end, of course, the decision will presidents, to win the equivalent of a the UN’s place in peace is fragmented within the UN and beyond. The UN itself has sought to inject President Hollande of France – both P5 be made by national governments behind popular global mandate. Both Kofi Annan When I was a young UN Refugee more transparency this time round, for countries – with an online push using the closed doors. It is still the case that no and Dag Hammarskjöld fit this model and security. Agency field worker I helped lead the example, through webcasting General #Helen4SG hashtag to get her messages candidate can be appointed against the but it took time to create that trust and charge for UN agencies to do more Assembly Q&A sessions with candidates across and raise her public profile. wishes of any of the P5, who all have a authority. First they quietly built their Third, boost staff morale by opening on the ground because international and through July’s ground-breaking global It is an approach that has been adopted veto. Although the process has become standing within the UN community and up this exciting new way of working NGOs were weak and local civil society townhall debate. Broadcast live by Al by many of the candidates. From sharing more transparent, the system remains then they reached wider. to them – at the moment many feel organisations either weaker still or ciphers much as before. So is this new openness The more open nature of the selection trapped and demoralised. In the longer of unsympathetic governments. Now and greater public engagement merely process this time around (which UNA-UK term you need to restore meritocratic the UN could easily revert to the role window-dressing to hide business as usual? played a key role in securing) may give staff promotion, rescue it from political of funder and standard-setter because I don’t believe this is the case. There the new SG a bit more independence and interference, and build a gender and there are first-class international and local is clearly a long way to go before the authority, at least initially, but the cautious geographically representative staff implementing partners. UN can be said to have aligned its nature of the answers in the General that is fit for the changing purposes And on human rights, there has been processes with its values. But the public Assembly candidate hearings shows of the organisation. a huge pushback, on the International campaigning and greater openness of they are still officials cramped by the Fourth, recover the UN’s central Criminal Court, on the Responsibility the new selection process have made it contradictory demands of their complex place in international security. In recent to Protect and on individual country harder for unqualified ‘friends’ of the constituency rather than red-blooded years it’s been driven off this agenda and transgressions. The SG will need to P5 to advance in the leadership race. politicians campaigning for a majority. reduced to championing environmental support the authority and independence Nor do countries act in a vacuum. They So the SG’s first 100 days must lay the and development issues. The world is a of the UN High Commissioner for are concerned with how their own publics seeds for the 117 months that are likely to very dangerous place in 2016 because Human Rights while keeping her distance, view their decisions. Increasingly, because follow if the practice of two five-year terms is major global and regional powers cannot so as to protect the non-political nature of the importance of soft power, they take maintained. This is a marathon not a sprint. agree on very much. This can paralyse the of the latter office. into account how their actions are viewed Even if an SG does not have the privilege Security Council but it should empower There should be few limits on the by the global public, too. of a manifesto they should know their an SG to be the world’s foremost SG’s ambitions for her 120 months. So while the effectiveness of planned legacy before they start, bearing busybody, shamelessly poking her nose Like the Pope, she has an extraordinary candidates’ campaigns and their ability in mind that they will always be thrown off into other people’s business and forging platform to change the world. But she to win public support may not prove to course and have to adjust. Here, then, is my solutions where others won’t. needs to square her cardinals – her be too important this time, it is likely ‘secret manifesto’ for the next SG. Fifth, restore the other legs of the ambassadors – first. So, SG, use those Helen Clark and staff at to have an increasing impact in future First, win back the space. At the UN stool. On development and climate 100 days to win the friends and lay the the Permanent Mission of Secretary-General appointments. We moment your organisation is micro- change the current SG has demonstrated strategy for the rest of your term. Be New Zealand to the UN are at the beginning of a process which sing a traditional song for managed by governments. You have to formidable and imaginative convening Aesop’s tortoise not his hare. luck at the launch of her is good for the UN and for all who share arrive at a new bargain where, with your power but the UN is struggling to live Secretary-General campaign its ambitions for our world. coaxing, they set the objectives for the up to the operational implications. Mark Malloch-Brown is a former UN © KENA BETANCUR/AFP/ UN but give you the freedom to manage It needs to recognise that its role is as a Deputy Secretary-General and a member Getty Images Yasmin Kamel is an Account Executive the allocation of resources against those convener, goad and measurer of results of the House of Lords at Portland Communications

8 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 9 Mogens Lykketoft organised Feature the first-ever televised debate with Secretary- General candidates, in partnership with Al Jazeera. Candidates participating in the first round (from left The “other” election: to right): Natalia Gherman (Moldova), Vuk Jeremic (Serbia), Susana Malcorra (Argentina), António Guterres (Portugal) and appointing the ninth UN Vesna Pusic (Croatia) Secretary-General

ometime later this year, a new UN Secretary- large slate of nominees pressing the flesh and employing General will be selected to take over from Ban lobbyists, although not yet kissing babies. Ki-moon in January 2017. Why is the choice In the past, the two processes have been very differ‑ Sof the ninth head of the world organisation so ent. The US presidential aspirants have been watched, important? And how has the election slog been going? tested, and paraded in front of respectful and hos‑ For only the second time – the first was in 1996 – the tile audiences in a primary process that is arguably campaigns for the US president and the UN’s top job are far more prolonged and thorough than that for any running in parallel. Both have been long and protracted. other prospective head of state. The selection of the While the US result has produced one Republican and UN Secretary-General, in contrast, has more closely one Democratic candidate, the UN version still has a approximated a papal conclave composed of the five veto-wielding members of the Security Council – the the 12 people nominated to date are women. At the time P5: China, France, Russia, the UK and the US. The of writing, two (and one man) had withdrawn and an‑ Stephen Browne Straw polls and red ballots: P5’s recommendation was then rubber-stamped by the other woman was expected to enter the race. is Senior Fellow of General Assembly after the white smoke emerged from If seven billion constituents, along with 188 other the Ralph Bunche clinching the Council’s support the Security Council chamber. member states, cannot have a real say, could their views Institute for The electoral campaign for the ninth Secretary- at least be better represented? Could some modest ac‑ International General – a position which the first incumbent, Trygve countability not be introduced into the usual great Studies at the According to the UN Charter, the The survey developed into the ‘straw Lie, described as “the most impossible job in the world” – power manipulation? How about a job description? Graduate Center, Secretary-General is appointed by the polling’ system that has been used ever since, thus far has been different. While the end result is still The 1 for 7 Billion campaign has also recommended City University of General Assembly on the recommendation with minor modifications. While the process has unclear, the Danish president of the 2015–16 General a single term of perhaps six or seven years for the next New York, where of the Security Council. not been formalised, written guidelines were Assembly session, Mogens Lykketoft, has described Secretary-General, a proposal that has been raised re‑ Thomas G. Weiss is To secure the Council’s recommendation, produced by Ambassador Nugroho Wisnumurti the civil society advocacy effort by the 1 for 7 Billion peatedly over the years but without success. Doing so campaign as a “potential game changer”. We note the would require overcoming tradition but not a revision Presidential Professor a candidate must receive at least nine during Indonesia’s presidency of the Council adjective “potential”. of the Charter, and it could eliminate the caution that of Political Science. affirmative votes in a formal vote, with none in 1996. They are Co-Directors customarily goes with concerns for reappointment and of the five permanent members (P5) voting When New World went to press, the of the Future UN jolt the incumbent with a greater sense of urgency to against. The decision is therefore subject to current selection process had seen four rounds If seven billion constituents, Development System strengthen – actually transform – the organisation. (FUNDS) Project, the P5 veto – or threat of veto – but the required of undifferentiated straw polls, with Council along with 188 other member The eventual outcome remains far from certain, and which is collaborating threshold also gives the elected 10 members members given the option to “encourage” only Pollyanna would hope for politics to be set aside with UNA-UK on (E10) influence. or “discourage” candidates, or to express “no states, cannot have a real say, in favour of qualifications. At a minimum, the process the 1 for 7 Billion In 1981, an informal survey of members’ opinion”. Colour-coded ballots are expected to be could their views at least be has raised the potential embarrassment to the P5 if they campaign. See opinions was used to break the deadlock arising introduced in October. Once these are in play, the recommend a clunker. www.FutureUN.org from China’s veto of Kurt Waldheim (Austria), Council will know whether a candidate is being better represented? Could some However, some useful steps have been made. Nom­ for more information. who was seeking an unprecedented third term, discouraged by one or more of the P5. inations have come from countries in different regions, modest accountability not be although still none from the two largest regions: Asia and his main opponent, Salim Salim (Tanzania), This does not always spell the end for that or Africa. There have been two-hour hearings in the who was blocked by Western countries, leading candidate. In 1996, the first round of colour- introduced into the usual great General Assembly with every candidate, split into to 16 inconclusive ballots. Ugandan Ambassador coded polling saw Kofi Annan (Ghana) attract a power manipulation? How about batches in April, June and July, as well as three civil Olara Otunnu persuaded the two candidates “red ballot” (widely thought to have been cast by society debates (in New York and London) during to step aside and devised a way to determine France). This threatened veto was sustained until, a job description? those same weeks (see p. 24). The curricula vitae of which new candidates would not be vetoed. seven polls later, Annan had the support of all candidates have been made available online for public The P5 were asked to identify which candidates 14 other members and the ‘veto’ was dropped. The campaign has called for geography to take a scrutiny. Candidates have also published vision state‑ they would “discourage” on a blue survey back seat to integrity and for a transparent and inclusive ments, some of which include thoughts for the shape of form. The E10 were given a white form. This Source: Security Council Report, process to identify a Secretary-General who is “highly the UN system and how to make the most of its 80,000 system enabled the Council to identify which especially ‘Research Report: Appointing skilled, competent, persuasive and visionary”. For the international civil servants and 120,000 soldiers and candidate was generally acceptable (eventually the UN Secretary-General’ (October 2015) first time, gender has become central, with the prefer‑ civil­ians in peace operations. ence of many civil society groups and countries being While eyes often glaze over at the mere thought of Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru). www.securitycouncilreport.org specifically in favour of a woman. After eight males, trying to alter the world organisation, there are three female candidates have been actively solicited. Half of overwhelming reasons to reject such complacency. The

10 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 11 The candidates vying for “the world’s most impossible job” first is the progressive marginalisation of the UN in place. It is critical to identify and select a Secretary- many of its major functions, manifested by the crea‑ General who understands the flaws in the structure tion of alternative organisations and sources of support and staffing of component parts of the UN family and designed specifically to circumvent the UN’s unwieldy has the knowledge, determination, and – dare we say – bureaucracy. Actors from the G20 to the Gates Foun‑ charisma to correct them because the possibilities for dation are emerging as active competitors. change are greater at the onset of a new Secretary- The second is that across a huge range of respon‑ General’s term, the ‘honeymoon’ of the first six to sibilities, the challenges to the UN and the world are twelve months. Both Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt growing, but the UN is often unable or unsuited to and Kofi Annan of Ghana instituted their most sweep‑ act. Some of the world’s major conflagrations remain ing staffing and management changes in 1992, 1997 unresolved. Human rights and the status of women are and 2002 – shortly after their appointment or reap‑ still widely abused. The UN struggles to keep up with pointment. Let’s hope for similar initiatives from the repeated humanitarian disasters. And its development successful candidate in 2017. activities across social, economic and environmental The process to date has witnessed welcome chang‑ domains are marginalised, dispersed and duplicative. es, but will they be sufficient to guarantee a strictly Global challenges demanding global responses – choose meritocratic process leading to the selection of a high- your favourites from pandemics like Ebola and terror‑ calibre Secretary-General? That requires a new spirit IRINA BOKOVA HELEN CLARK CHRISTIANA FIGUERES NATALIA GHERMAN ist attacks like those in Brussels and Paris, to climate of boldness and originality among all governments, Bulgaria New Zealand Costa Rica Moldova change and the proliferation of weapons of mass de‑ and especially among the P5, in influencing the se‑ Director-General, UN Administrator, UN Former Executive Secretary, Former Deputy Prime struction – are increasing in numbers and intensity. lection. In a recent FUNDS survey of experts and Educational, Scientific Development Programme UNFCCC (withdrew candidacy Minister and Minister The third reason is that evidence from past attempts UN-watchers, respondents were asked to name their and Cultural Organization and former Prime Minister on 13 September 2016) of Foreign Affairs at reform shows that a strong leader, committed to preferred candidate. The name most frequently men‑ change, and with the communication skills to match, tioned was Angela Merkel. She is not (yet) looking for can actually make a difference. If the UN is not to be‑ the job, but she is the kind of person who should oc‑ come a relic, the question is not what and whether, but cupy the office on the 38th floor of UN headquarters rather when and how substantial adaptation will take on 1 January 2017.

Outcomes of Security Council straw polls

Poll 4 Poll 3 Poll 2 Poll 1 (9 September 2016) (29 August 2016) (5 August 2016) (21 July 2016) “Encour- “Discour- “No “Encour- “Discour- “No “Encour- “Discour- “No “Encour- “Discour- “No age” age” Opin- age” age” Opin- age” age” Opin- age” age” Opin- Candidate ion” ion” ion” ion” António Guterres 12 2 1 11 3 1 11 2 2 12 0 3 (Portugal) Miroslav Lajcák 10 4 1 9 5 1 2 6 7 7 3 5 ANTÓNIO GUTERRES VUK JEREMIC SRGJAN KERIM MIROSLAV LAJCÁK (SlovakRepublic) Portugal Serbia FYR Macedonia Slovakia Vuk Jeremic 9 4 2 7 5 3 8 4 3 9 5 1 Former UN High Former President of the UN Former President of the UN Foreign Minister (Serbia) Commissioner for Refugees General Assembly (2012–13) General Assembly (2007–08) Srgjan Kerim and former Prime Minister and former Foreign Minister and former Foreign Minister 8 7 0 6 7 2 6 7 2 9 5 1 (FYR Macedonia) Irina Bokova 7 5 3 7 5 3 7 7 1 9 4 2 (Bulgaria) Danilo Türk 7 6 2 5 6 4 7 5 3 11 2 2 (Slovenia) Susana Malcorra 7 7 1 7 7 1 8 6 1 7 4 4 (Argentina) Helen Clark 6 7 2 6 8 1 6 8 2 8 5 2 (New Zealand) Christiana Figueres 5 10 0 2 12 1 5 8 2 5 5 5 (Costa Rica) Natalia Gherman 3 11 1 2 12 1 3 10 2 4 4 7 (Moldova) Igor Lukšic – – – – – – 2 9 4 3 7 5 (Montenegro) IGOR LUKŠIC SUSANA MALCORRA VESNA PUSIC DANILO TÜRK Vesna Pusic – – – – – – – – – 2 11 2 Montenegro Argentina Croatia Slovenia (Croatia) Former Prime Minister Foreign Minister and former Former Foreign Minister Former President and former (withdrew candidacy on Chef de Cabinet for (withdrew candidacy on UN Assistant-Secretary- 23 August 2016) Secretary-General Ban 4 August 2016) General for Political Affairs Candidates have been ranked in order of the highest number of “encourages” received in the most recent poll. Where candidates have received the same number of “encourages” they have been listed with those receiving the lowest number of “discourages” first. Correct as of 13 September 2016. Further candidates are expected to withdraw in the coming weeks, and at least one individual is expected to enter the race. Visit www.1for7billion.org for the latest updates.

12 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 13 We the peoples UNA-UK debates Top questions globally To give civil society a greater voice in the process, UNA-UK organised three 1. Last September world leaders Who says no one cares about the UN? People around debates with candidates, based on questions from the global public (see p. 24). signed up to the 17 Global Goals for These informal sessions enabled candidates to relax and to explore issues in more Sustainable Development, aiming to the world have jumped at the chance to engage with the depth than during the time-constrained General Assembly meetings. You can end extreme poverty, stop climate watch all the debates via una.org.uk change and tackle inequality by selection process for the UN Secretary-General, from 2030. What will you do to ensure that these Sustainable Development putting questions to candidates to taking part in debates “What is going on ... is only part of this process of Goals don’t end up as empty and making sure their concerns and ideas are heard transparency. An important part, a starting point, but promises? there is a much broader discussion going on around the world, engaging a large number of people, engaging in 2. Last year, the UN helped unite the particular a number of civil society organisations, among world to secure an agreement in which we all remember 1 for 7 Billion as a driving force Paris to combat climate change and 1 for 7 billion Meet the candidates What was asked? transition to 100% clean energy. in this.” Mogens Lykketoft, President of the 70th session of How will you ensure the Paris 1 for 7 Billion campaigns for all member states, Recurring themes the General Assembly, speaking to the press after the first agreement is implemented? and the wider public, to have the chance to • Implementing the Sustainable engage with candidates in open hearings, Development Goals (SDGs) General Assembly dialogues in April 2016 in contrast to previous appointments, where only • Reform of the UN Security Council 3. Climate change is fuelling more Founded in 2013 to campaign the Security Council knew who was in the running. • The global displacement crisis extreme weather events. These for a more open, inclusive • Whether the Secretary-General should be and – above all – merit-based droughts, floods, and record storms In September 2015, the General Assembly more “Secretary” or “General” selection process, with Your questions are major contributors to hunger, and adopted a resolution calling for candidates’ • Gender equality within the UN system, the aim of finding the best today some 800 million people – 1 names and CVs to be circulated, and it decided including whether it’s time for a female Our partner, Global Citizen, carried out a survey in 9 on the planet – will go to possible person to lead the to hold “informal dialogues” with candidates who Secretary-General to gather questions to inform our debates. bed hungry. What will you do as UN at this turbulent time. agreed to participate – to date, all candidates Secretary-General to improve global have agreed. Their sessions were webcast on UN Unexpectedly common issues preparedness for these events? TV and followed by media stakeouts. • The possibility of a single non-renewable 35,000+ 54% 44% 2% term of office people in 161 female male other/ Informal dialogues • Merit-based senior appointments did not countries took part 4. We are in the midst of the greatest • 12 two-hour Q&A sessions • Accountability, e.g. sexual abuse by UN answer refugee crisis in the UN’s history. • Over 1,000 questions from states collectively peacekeepers, Haiti cholera outbreak >200 million What one thing would you do to • Over 1,000 questions from people in over • Civil society engagement supporters 70 countries via a massive campaign headed improve the UN’s response? by the UN NGO Liaison Service (UN-NGLS). Notable omissions Only 2–3 were asked per candidate but • Climate change and environmental 22% 31% 47% all have been encouraged to answer 10 Top question in Arabic protection under 35 35–55 over 55 representative questions, on issues from ? and Japanese: A number of • Reform of the UN development system LGBT rights to income inequalities • Gender equality and empowerment beyond countries have taken to military the UN system Top eight locations surveyed (in order) intervention without the consent TV townhall >170 • Nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament of the Security Council. Is this On 12 July, the President of the General countries represented • Worsening big power relations ever acceptable and why? Assembly partnered with Al Jazeera to hold 8 8 the first-ever televised townhall meeting with Tricky questions 1 5 Top question in Russian: candidates. 10 took part, fielding questions from 4 • LGBT rights ? Since the creation of the UN, the moderators, states and one from civil society. 8 • Independence of the Secretary-General 6 war between countries has 3 • Specific country situations: e.g. Ukraine, 8 dramatically decreased, but >750 88 million Israel–Palestine we continue to see massive NGO members tuned in conflict within countries. How can the UN Secretary-General address this? 2 8 7 Top four themes from UNA-UK “Considering the global inequalities, where people live in extreme poverty and 1% of the richest supporters: population owns 40% of Earth’s resources, what would you do to balance those inequalities, • civil wars • refugees considering that permanent members of the Security Council are among the biggest world 1 UK, 2 Australia, 3 USA, 4 Canada, 5 Germany, 6 France, 7 New Zealand, • military intervention without economies?” Leonardo Buzzi, 13 years of age, Brazil via the UN NGO Liaison Service global call joint 8th: Ireland, Netherlands, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland Security Council authorisation for questions to candidates Top languages (in order): English, French, German, Arabic, Spanish, Russian, • realising the goal of free, quality Japanese, Chinese, Korean education for all

14 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 15 fruitful relations with Ban’s successor, advocating a transparent selection Essay process – while also savagely briefing against candidates it dislikes, proving that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office still has some gumption left. Prime Minister May should offer the eventual winner strategic support on essential initiatives such as overhauling UN peace operations after the crisis in South Sudan, with a view to maximising Britain’s voice in UN policy processes. May should also ensure that British diplomats in New York work with their European counterparts to establish new mechanisms for policy coordination during the Brexit process. In addition to regular meetings with the EU as a whole, top UK diplomats should establish a regular ‘EU2+1’ format for meeting their partners from the French and German missions to address those challenges – such as the mandates and costs of new blue-helmet operations – that could prove most divisive. Berlin, Paris and London did a good job of projecting overall Still strategic unity during the Iran talks, despite tactical differences, and should maintain this on broader UN affairs. Coordinating with other Europeans should not entirely distract UK officials from opportunities to strike alliances with non-Western powers. Norway and great? Switzerland have used their non-EU status to build bridges with African and Asian states around the UN. The UK British Foreign Secretary may be able to do the same on a grander Boris Johnson speaks scale after Brexit. But it will not be taken to the press after a seriously if it appears cut off from its Security Council stakeout where he spoke about the European allies. UK’s post-Brexit priorities. The UK will also struggle to maintain © Albin Lohr-Jones/Pacific its status at the UN if it seems to lose Press/Alamy Live News interest in aid. While Prime Minister May has said she remains committed to spending 0.7 per cent of Gross National Income on development aid, new The day after this June’s Brexit vote, New York shortly after his appointment crisis, which Russia and the US have of causes the UK has championed in development secretary Priti Patel has America’s right wing Fox News channel to cast a symbolic vote on Libya in the largely controlled. the past – such as climate change and suggested that this money could be used briefly announced that Britain was Security Council, and generally butter If the UK wants to maintain real advancing the Sustainable Development to advance national interests and stimulate leaving the United Nations, rather up UN officials. influence at the UN in the Brexit era, it Goals – and London should aim to align post-Brexit trade agreements rather than than the European Union. Though These gestures have gone some needs to emphasise three priorities. The their positions. There are good precedents help poor and fragile states. Whether or this was a mishap, it captured the way to scotch gossip around the UN first is forging the closest possible strategic for this: Britain enjoyed especially good not this makes much sense economically, it fears of many internationally-minded that UK’s permanent seat on the relationship with the new Secretary- ties with Kofi Annan, despite tensions over would almost certainly undercut Britain’s Richard Gowan Britons this summer: our decision Security Council could be in question General. The second is structuring a the Iraq war, and worked with him on credibility in UN debates over how to to leave the EU is just the start of a after Brexit. But British diplomats in lasting diplomatic settlement with the EU issues including peacekeeping reform and eradicate absolute poverty or stabilise on why the UK wider rejection of the country’s long- New York cannot relax. There will be at UN headquarters that gives it enduring international development. conflict-ridden poor countries. standing commitment to boosting more questions about Britain’s influence influence over the bloc’s multilateral The UK’s relations with Ban Ki-moon London should emphasise that, while needs the UN if global cooperation. in the UN system as the Brexit process policies. The third is fighting to dispel have always been cordial, but have never it is naturally interested in expanding its Since June, Whitehall has been unfolds, especially as its leverage over widespread suspicions that the current reached Annan-era levels of intimacy. Ban trade, it will maintain a focus on assisting it hopes to maintain pedalling the opposite message: While the the financially influential EU bloc government will eventually renege on its has often seemed exclusively interested the most vulnerable at the UN. If it does UK may quit the EU, Britain remains a inevitably wanes. Germany already pays aid obligations – an important element of in US views. David Cameron reportedly not do so, it may find that its standing its global power pillar of the global system, and its leading a greater percentage of the UN budget British soft power. once nixed the idea of proposing a top as a leader in global diplomacy will role at the UN is proof of just that. Prime than the UK. Britain’s veto power in the The selection of a new Secretary- Whitehall official for a senior UN post fade away. Minister Theresa May has reassured UN Security Council remains an obvious General is a particularly advantageous on the basis that he was “too good for Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon that the diplomatic asset, but it has not proved opening for the UK to bolster its status the UN”. Richard Gowan is a New York-based UK will stick to its aid pledges. Foreign to be a particularly useful tool in, in New York. The next UN chief will The British mission in New York has fellow with the European Council on Secretary Boris Johnson hastened to say, UN negotiations over the Syrian be the standard bearer for a number tried to lay the groundwork for more Foreign Relations, focused on UN affairs

16 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 17 Talking points

Must it be a woman? After eight men, a growing number of voices are calling for a female Secretary-General. Others insist that the best possible person, regardless of gender or region, should be appointed. Below, Shazia Rafi

Portraits of the eight and Yvonne Terlingen make their case men who have served as UN Secretary- General since 1946 © Randy Duchaine/Alamy Stock Photo

“My dear, I am coming to meet your family for tea”, to be their government’s candidate, and presented Visit the United Nations building in New York Clearly, it is time for change. Yet should a said the President of Parliamentarians for Global their credentials to the UN General Assembly in and you will be confronted by portraits of its eight woman be selected because she is woman? Only Action, Murli Deora, after gruelling final interviews the UN’s first open, transparent selection process, Secretaries-General in a row. The effect is striking: if she is the best candidate. Indeed, successive for the position of Secretary-General. The next day, including answering questions in a televised all are men. Prior to 2016, just three women made General Assembly resolutions, including the after telling me that I had the job, he added, “You townhall debate. (Three – two women and one it to the shortlist drafted by the Security Council, historic resolution 69/321 of 2015 – which set the were the best candidate. The Board was hesitating as man – have since dropped out.) which has dominated the hitherto secretive selection stage for the more open and transparent process you are a mother of small children – so I decided to In the UN’s 70th year, after eight men, a woman process, rubber-stamped by a compliant General we now see – have stressed the need to ensure the see for myself how you managed.” representing the other 50 per cent of the globe as Assembly. (They were Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit of appointment of the best possible candidate. Should Shazia Rafi This was in 1996. This July, as we saw six senior the ninth UN Secretary-General should be a given. India in 1953, Gro Harlem Brundtland of Norway in the most qualified candidate – possessing vision, Yvonne Terlingen represents the women take centre stage at the UN General Even the male candidates struggled to answer why it 1991 and Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga of Lativa in 2006.) charisma and, above all, the courage to uphold represents the Campaign to Assembly ‘townhall’ meeting with Secretary-General should be another man. Selecting a qualified woman UN principles – be a man, then it should be him. 1 for 7 Billion Elect a Woman candidates, I thought, we have come far indeed. would support the UN’s yet-to-be-implemented Clearly, it is time for change. Of course, we should be mindful of existing campaign to Secretary- commitment to gender equality and bring new Yet should a woman be selected bias. While many states are calling for a female improve the General. She is In the UN’s 70th year, after eight approaches to the UN’s entire programme of work – Secretary-General, there has been also an appalling process for former Secretary- a woman, peace and human security agenda. because she is woman? Only if backlash against women’s rights. And we should take selecting the next men, a woman representing the General of The female candidates made this case she is the best candidate care to ensure that selection criteria does not reflect UN Secretary- Parliamentarians other 50 per cent of the globe as themselves; they dominated the stage at the this, for example, by putting weight on particular General. Prior to for Global Action. the ninth UN Secretary-General General Assembly, effectively answering questions types of experience, such as national politics, this, she served as on peacekeeping, environment, development, No wonder that some 50 countries have where men still dominate. Head of Amnesty should be a given internal management, fundraising, staff discipline joined Colombia in pressing for a woman to get Ban Ki-moon has made commendable efforts International’s and handling the powerful permanent five members the post, and that the General Assembly has to address the gender imbalance in senior UN UN office in In 2015, female UN experts started sounding out of the Security Council. Between them, they have specifically urged states to consider presenting posts, but he is faltering now that he is nearing New York. potential candidates with the stature, experience run major UN agencies, national governments, female candidates – a call echoed by 1 for 7 Billion. the end of his term. The five permanent Security and power to be credible. Colombia formed a Group and ministries. In an organisation where gender balance is an Council members who monopolise many senior of Friends in Support of a Woman Secretary- The question before the 15 Council members, aspiration but not a reality, it is excellent that half UN posts nearly always put forward men. The next General – it now comprises almost a third of the who between them have just one female head of of the 12 individuals nominated so far are women. Secretary-General must address this. Candidates UN membership. In July, the Security Council, government (UK Prime Minister Theresa May) and Two have since withdrawn (as has one man) after should be judged on whether they have concrete which makes the initial recommendation, held its one female UN ambassador (Samantha Power of the four Security Council straw polls, in which many and realistic plans to close the gender gap at first ‘straw polls’. Six women and six men crossed US) is not whether it is time for a woman, but which UN watchers felt that highly experienced women the UN. Those with the best plans might even the first hurdles – won their national ‘primaries’ woman to choose. fared worse than less experienced men. turn out to be men …

18 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 19 Opinion

Keith Hindell on Boutros-Ghali as a model and cautionary tale

Boutros Boutros-Ghali’s term as UN followed similar principles to deal with the media – and prominent politicians – Secretary-General (1992–96) is an implosion of Somalia and Yugoslavia, and blamed the UN. Senator Bob Dole, 10things Secretary-General object lesson for those who want a the war in Rwanda. running for the Republican nomination more assertive post-holder, one who In each case, long-standing antagonism in 1996, mocked Boutros-Ghali’s name, candidates should be can reject or at least finesse pressure and resentment in the face of years of to popular approval. Fearing this would from the biggest players at the UN. domination and corruption burst out like influence his own re-election, President The Egyptian academic, politician, an open wound. In each case, the local Clinton authorised his UN ambassador saying former foreign minister and veteran of leaders thought they could eliminate their to veto Boutros-Ghali s reappointment. the Camp David Agreement – who died opponents by force, and in Bosnia and The 14 other members of the Security earlier this year – was as well-qualified Rwanda, by genocide. In each case the Council supinely bowed to this pressure, For the most part, candidates chose to play it safe several states in the dialogues 8 “Honesty” for the job as anyone is likely to be. He Security Council recognised the danger even though the issue did not in the least in their vision statements, which are peppered with with candidates. Above all, this The Secretary-General can be a spoke Arabic and French like a native but did not give the UN adequate means affect the security of the US. needs money, to be invested in- useful scapegoat, helping states not and English very well. He was mildly to respond, even though Boutros-Ghali Of course, Boutros-Ghali was not platitudes and buzzwords such as “prevention”, house and externally for forthright to lose face when seeking peace, for left of centre politically, from an ethnic kept reminding them of that unpleasant perfect. He could be abrasive, not just “partnerships” and “principles” but little detail. Below media engagement, information example, but she or he should not and linguistic group that had never held fact. Not that he was entirely blameless with ambassadors demanding subservience campaigns and coordination, so that take the rap when countries and the this post and from a continent that was for the Rwandan massacres. The Hutu but with his staff too. More importantly, New World lists 10 things we wish they had said the agencies with public-friendly public react badly to UN decisions. teeming with political, economic and government was one of Egypt’s favoured though, he fell foul of the UN’s perennial mandates don’t steal all the limelight. When a dictator is selected to give humanitarian problems that cried out states for aid and as Foreign Minister challenge: the wish list of the member a UN prize or a gross abuser given for UN attention. He tried to be an before he went to the UN, Boutros-Ghali states far exceeds the resources they 1 “It’s not me, it’s you” 3 “I can’t be everything the chair of a human rights body, the independent world civil servant, as the had enabled the regime to acquire large provide. (While the US was carping about The biggest problem facing to everybody” UN should say: “This has been done the UN is not a lack of reform. An inspiring communicator. A by member states.” Again and again. UN Charter prescribes, but found, like quantities of weapons. UN inadequacy in 1996, for example, it It’s member states. The UN’s competent manager. A visionary Loudly, so that journalists hear. all his predecessors, that he could not be Confronted by the appalling evidence of was also almost a billion dollars in arrears built-in catch has always been leader. A smooth negotiator. A bold frank or realistic when tackling pressing slaughter in Rwanda in 1994, the Security with its dues.) to reconcile its long-term goals reformer. All these qualities are 9 “More honesty” items on the world agenda. Council was paralysed. It withdrew most Hearts and minds need to change in with the short-term interests of important but the Secretary-General A key part of the Secretary- Small countries don’t like to be told of the UN force when it should have been the major capitals before any Secretary- its members. But in recent years, cannot be everything to everyone General’s role should be to tell it that the UN can only help them if they doubled and its mandate strengthened General, whatever their qualifications there has been a visible retreat as at all times. Shouting from the bully like it is. Take climate change. Does exert themselves on their own behalf to give priority to protection of civilians. or method of selection, can realise his states have turned inwards to their pulpit 24/7 will not help a Secretary- 6 “Show me the money” the amount of media coverage and are ready to compromise. The big It was influenced, no doubt, by what had or her full potential. domestic constituencies, pursuing General to build trust behind the And while we’re on the subject: reflect the level of urgency? Or powers, who smugly boast that they pay happened in Somalia the previous year, ever-narrower national agendas. scenes. An outreach-focussed some things need money. The UN migration. Do politicians give us the bills, pressure the Secretary-General at when American troops were badly mauled Keith Hindell was the BBC’s UN The patterns of polarisation that Secretary-General who takes the UN cannot always do more with less. the facts or do they pander to vocal were visible in the lead-up to the on the road cannot also mastermind There is a breaking point, as UN sections of their electorate? The every turn, even to the degree of micro- by local militia in Mogadishu, losing 18 correspondent from 1980 to 1984. First World War are becoming technocratic reforms. Given points humanitarian agencies – forced Secretary-General should not shy managing which countries he may visit or soldiers and two helicopters. He is currently a member of UNA noticeable. So too are the populist (1) and (2), the UN chief should to suspend life-saving assistance away from imparting hard truths which journalists he can talk to. Although the operation was entirely London & South-East Region’s trends that led to the second. focus on diplomacy and appoint a due to funding shortages – know and providing thought leadership. Boutros-Ghali’s account of his time directed by US generals, the American Executive Committee good team to do the rest. only too well. The next Secretary- on the 38th floor is bravely entitled General should be honest in 10 “Still more honesty” Unvanquished: A US– UN Saga but actually 4 “Where’s my Doug Stamper?” explaining the consequences Finally, the Secretary-General it was a disgrace, highlighting just how Key appointments: fixers. The next of financial squeezes and force must be honest about the UN’s tight a grip the big powers have on the Secretary-General should have a prioritisation if needed. constraints and limitations. She world body. He was an effective leader of couple of attack dogs, like Doug or he should recognise that while 7 the UN – President Clinton called him Stamper from House of Cards or “There’s more to gender the international system has Malcolm Tucker from The Thick of It equality than parity at senior brought stability and prosperity “outstanding” – but many Americans (minus the killing and, possibly, the UN levels” for many states and people, it has detested him for being so. For its own swearing) to help build consensus It’s great that candidates have not delivered for everyone. The crass domestic reasons Washington and get tough decisions through. been putting so much emphasis on system will not survive unless we overrode the expressed intent of all the 2 “Especially you” Alternatively, member states could improving gender balance in the UN actively work to strengthen it. This other members of the Security Council to Poor relationships among the big refrain from proposing politicised Secretariat. But the extent to which means ensuring that it works for all prevent him being re-elected for a second powers are of particular concern, and poorly qualified candidates this will make a tangible difference people, so that we all have a stake term. The General Assembly was never as their sabre-rattling has seen for senior roles. to the lives of half the world’s in a stronger, more effective UN. even asked its opinion. tensions rise in Eastern Europe population is debatable. The next The early nineties was a very and the South China Sea. All 5 “Comms, comms, comms” Secretary-General must do better Boutros-Ghali walks with productive time for the UN. The Cold permanent members of the Security More engagement, openness and and push for broader change within Egyptian peacekeepers in Council appear to be going through transparency: good professional and outside the system, including War had just come to an end; the Sarajevo, 31 December 1992 the state version of a mid-life crisis. communications are essential if the for more political and financial © UN Photo / A Morvan Security Council had taken firm action This will be a key challenge for UN is to become “fit for purpose”, support from states. She or he must to eject Iraq from Kuwait and might have the next Secretary-General. to use the phrase adopted by be a proud and proactive feminist.

20 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 21 Where do you think UNA-UK can have the most impact in relative global peace, because even difficult governments this period of transition? understand that there is room to talk before you turn to Interview We must be realistic about our size and our reach – we the gun or the rocket. The UN stands as a massive voice are an under-funded, tiny organisation. Against that for decent behaviour in the modern world and I have background, the 1 for 7 Billion campaign has been an absolute faith in that. absolutely remarkable example of how the right concept, It’s the intergovernmental system that worries me. presented and followed up in the right way, can have an It’s nationalism, it’s the telling of untruths in order for enormous impact on a wide swathe of the global pub‑ regimes to hold onto power. In the West, I think we’ve lic – all the way to the UN General Assembly. It doesn’t been too reluctant to give up our position of superiority matter how small you are. If people see that what you’ve since the Second World War. But in the 21st century, said is important, it can go viral. So I think UNA-UK power that matters – the good power that matters – is must look for the next campaign or campaigns that counted not in military capability, but through having multiply the naturally small UNA-UK voice, because a legitimate position of representing more than just we’ve clearly shown a capability to do that. We must also your nation; representing humankind’s need to find go on grinding away to raise the standards of the British solutions for shared problems. So I don’t think there’s Government on global issues. That’s very important – we room for a superpower any longer; I think we’re in a represent all our members and supporters in that role. post-superpower era. I’m not sure America is there yet, if you look at the presidential campaign, they’re still You have supported UNA-UK’s 1 for 7 Billion campaign in talking in anachronistic terms about making America bringing about changes to the way the UN Secretary-General great again. And even the Brexit campaign of ‘taking (SG) is chosen. With a new leader due to be appointed at the back control’, taking back our sovereignty – we never end of this year, what do you think her – or his – top priorities lost it. Sovereignty is a complex, mixed thing. For every should be? bit of sovereignty we might have ‘conceded’ to Brussels, The next SG has maybe the last opportunity, as the we gained something back because we had influence on world goes on fragmenting, to hold the power and the other nations’ decisions. appeal of the UN together. So there’s a very important leadership role which must concentrate on two things: What have you, personally, learnt from UNA-UK and its team? one is to be a voice of moral authority that stands up to More than you would imagine. I think what has been governments who aren’t behaving in ways that serve the the greatest pleasure for me is learning first-hand what global collective. And secondly, to prioritise her or his the next generation’s perspective is. I’ve been really focus on a particular issue, rather as UNA-UK is prior‑ inspired, not just by your idealistic hopes that you’re itising in its own strategic plan – that is, not to try and going to change the world, but by the methodical way be all things to all people, but to delegate. The senior you’ve put together programmes to realise the realisable appointments the SG can make to UN agencies are part of those hopes. It’s natural for old fogeys like me to say of his or her instrumental power in getting things done, “the world is going to hell in a handcart” and to some so the SG must insist on member states sending really extent, it is. But it is up to you to stop that handcart. good candidates. Do something He or she must focus on those issues which the UN is What will you miss most about UNA-UK? capable of doing well – I think climate change is one of The people. Just people. Just wandering in and thinking them; I don’t think he or she will be able to achieve UN “Ah I’ve had a bad time in the last meeting I’ve been to, After five eventful years as Chairman of UNA-UK, Sir Jeremy Security Council reform. But in the areas where the UN but this lot are smiling, or this lot have their heads down is working reasonably well, they must raise the game, on something…” It’s undoubtedly the people. Greenstock – who was succeeded on 1 July by Lord Wood the energy, the action, because this may be a last-chance period for an institution like the UN. Is there anything that you would like to say to UNA-UK’s of Anfield – talks to New World about the UK’s global role 15,000 members and supporters before you step down? You were Britain’s ambassador to the United Nations at a The first thing to say is thank you. You have been following the EU referendum, the 1 for 7 Billion campaign, particularly difficult moment in its history – the Iraq war. inspiring in your enthusiasm and I really have enjoyed Today, terrorism, ongoing civil war in Syria and the current travelling around the country and meeting with peo‑ why he worries about nationalism and why UNA-UK has refugee and migrant crisis have caused many people to ple. So there’s an obvious call to “keep going” – you criticise the UN’s credibility. What preserves your faith in mustn’t let this organisation down. But to the younger been his antidote to “hell in a handcart” pessimism such an imperfect organisation? generation I would say, you’re going to have to cope I have no doubt in my mind that the UN is a marvellously with some of the bad things you’re inheriting from invented organisation. It has made a real difference to my generation, and I apologise for that. But you must, In the wake of the EU referendum, the UK is going through But there may be rhetorical and political attacks on our capacity as human beings to sustain a long period of as early as you can, involve yourselves in action. You a period of uncertainty in terms of defining its global our position as a permanent member of the Security must think globally, but you must act locally. And as role. What role do you think the UK should be playing in Council: “Are you, Britain, not so reduced now from you learn what it takes to build a little team and per‑ international affairs, and at the United Nations in particular? what you were in 1945, that you must resign your per‑ suade people, and broaden the ripples of your impact, The UK has always been connected. There is danger manent seat?” We have got to earn our spurs back in the you will learn how to do it at wider and wider levels. after this vote that it will become less connected. I was international institutions. That includes NATO, and our But if you just take a placard out onto the street and a remainer, and one of the reasons that I was a remainer relationships with the other continental groups, as well say “Change the climate”, you’re not actually doing was that I believed that the UK had – perhaps of all the as the big emerging nations. So, there’s an enormous anything useful. You’ve got to do something local that advanced democratic countries – the best mix of posi‑ amount of work to do to fill the gap in perception of adds to the sum of things. Then, it will broaden as you tions and relationships on the international stage. So it’s what the UK wants to be and how people see us as after Sir Jeremy Greenstock at get more responsibility in your career. That’s what I March for Europe, absolutely essential looking forwards that we keep up those the referendum. The Foreign & Commonwealth Office UNA-UK’s UN Day reception want to see this next generation doing. London, 2 July 2016 © relations, whatever the treaty relationship with our neigh‑ is really going to have its work cut out and, to my mind, in 2011 at Australia House pixstory/Alamy Stock Photo bours, and that we use the UN to show that we are good at it needs a bigger budget for that. © UNA-UK/Mark Makela Visit una.org.uk/magazine to read helping the collective approach to solving global problems. the full version of this interview

22 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 23 UNA-UK outreach UNA-UK outreach

Richard Nelmes, UNA-UK’s Deputy Deputy (Outreach), explores what’s next after the success of 1 for 7 Billion

1 for 7 Billion has transformed the “We are an island, we can survive selection process of the next UN by ourselves.” Secretary-General. The driving force Andy Fitch, a fishmonger from behind the campaign was the belief Cleethorpes, captured the mood of many that people – the UN’s most important in the UK earlier this year who feel constituency – should have a say in little connection between international who will ultimately represent them. organisations and their own lives. Calling for change without UNA-UK is a movement of people being prepared to help make it happen who believe the opposite. Our values are is an empty gesture. So as well as global. We believe that not only does pushing for reform, we gave Secretary- Christiana Figueres and the whole world prosper when countries Danilo Türk at UNA-UK’s General candidates the chance to third Secretary-General work together, but we have no chance of engage with the public through three candidate debate in New York survival unless we do so. unprecedented debates. © City University New York The “go it alone” rhetoric of Held in New York and London, all nationalism is seductive and dangerous. declared candidates were invited and If left unchallenged, our long and proud over half took part. More than 2,500 history of international cooperation, people attended the debates, with many Center; Global Citizen; the Guardian transparency have taken place: a UN concern and friendship could easily times that number – over 35,000 in 161 and New America. General Assembly “Townhall” meeting be forgotten. The need to unite our countries – participating online: tuning This series was the first time in the with candidates, broadcast by Al Jazeera; organisation, reach out to others, and in, asking questions and telling candidates UN’s history that candidates for the an Amnesty International “pledging” communicate our values with one voice their priorities via a poll. organisation’s top job shared a platform event for states standing for election has never been more urgent. “I stand for” campaign cards To make sure we reached as wide and debated each other. You can find to the UN Human Rights Council and So we’re launching a year-long © UNA-UK/Laurel Hart an audience as possible, we partnered more coverage of these events, including debates between countries vying for campaign, sharing this message with local with the Danish Embassy in London; webcasts and photos, at www.una.org.uk. non-permanent Security Council seats communities, the media and politicians. Future United Nations Development Since then, a number of other organised by the World Federation We want to discuss what it means to have System project at CUNY Graduate initiatives aimed at promoting of UN Associations. global values. We want to talk about why to give members and supporters the their work has often been disparate. Now, we should invest our effort, time and opportunity to discuss the importance for the first time in decades, they’re at the money into organisations like the UN of internationalism to them. The ideas heart of our campaign, adding their voice and how we, and the rest of the world, produced on the day will help develop and doubling the number of local groups Sailing into un- “Is there any hope for Drinking the “poisoned benefit when we do. the second stage of the project and enable locally embedded across the country. chartered waters future generations?” chalice” that is the UN Earlier this month we kicked off local UNAs to shape the activities and We have also recruited Laurel Hart to this national conversation by asking resources they need to spread the word the brand new post of Outreach Assistant. Civic Hall, New York – 13 April Barbican, London – 3 June City University, New York – 13 July an apparently simple question: “What and grow their presence. Laurel has been coordinating local groups do you stand for?” Equipped with our Challenging a national mood that and individual supporters, making sure Natalia Gherman – Moldova António Guterres – Portugal Christiana Figueres – Costa Rica resources and backed up with a social seems to say “we’re better off alone” is they are equipped with the messages and media campaign, local UNAs are quizzing a daunting task. But our 1 for 7 Billion resources they need. Igor Lukšic – Montenegro Vuk Jeremic – Serbia Vuk Jeremic – Serbia people at freshers’ fairs and on high streets campaign’s goal, to change the way the This time next year, I want us all to look back together on 12 months Vesna Pusic – Croatia Igor Lukšic – Montenegro Danilo Türk – Slovenia across the country on where they stand. UN finds its leader, was equally audacious. Local groups are already using this to The only way we achieved it was by of engaging conversations on global Danilo Türk – Slovenia talk about their own work and recruit working together, combining contacts, values. Not just the important political, new supporters. experience and know-how from across our economic and diplomatic discussions In November, we’ll launch the results movement and the world. By building a in Parliament and the broadsheets but, This first-ever candidate debate was chaired Much larger than the other two events, Chaired by UN experts, Thomas G. Weiss of this poll. We’ll engage national media, coalition of some 200 million grassroots more importantly, your stories of debates by Julian Borger and Mark Rice-Oxley from with nearly 2,000 attendees, this debate and Barbara Crossette, this debate saw accompanying the outcome with our activists and policy experts, we managed to that happened in places more real and the Guardian and took place as the UN felt like the people’s opportunity to grill candidates pushed on the substance of their own commentary and analysis. We make the secretive selection process fairer relevant to most of us: community centres, General Assembly held individual dialogues candidates, far away from the UN’s New York vision and the details of how they would will make funding available to local and more transparent – the first such freshers’ fairs, local letters pages, pubs and with candidates for the first time. There was headquarters. Candidates, by now more change the UN system and secure the support – on the bus home. Debates that argued a palpable sense that candidates and audience comfortable with the process, answered a political and financial – to steer through reform. groups (including student-led UNAs), transformation for 70 years. alike did not really know what to expect. An aide broad range of questions, posed by everyone Candidates were asked why anyone would encouraging them to hold their own Now, we need to build a similar passionately that global values are part to one of the candidates described the dilemma from from diplomats to school children, want to drink from the “poisoned chalice” events to explore their community’s views movement in the UK and we’re investing of our shared heritage and identity. The facing them: “It’s not like national politics where with perhaps the best question coming from that is the UN, eliciting answers based on the on what it means to be an internationalist. in making sure that everyone can take part thing that makes us, us. the aim is just to be popular. In this election, 15-year-old Jessica from Leamington, who value of multilateralism, the UN’s little-touted UNA-UK’s Policy Conference will and work together. I believe that the values of British if you are too popular, you might scare off asked, “As a young person, I would like to ask, success stories, and the need to fix this vital be held in early 2017 and I’ve asked Local UNAs based in universities have people are global values at heart, and I’m the P5. So it’s a delicate balance.” is there any hope for future generations?” but tired organisation. its independent organising committee long been a valued part of UNA-UK but counting on your help to remind them.

24 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 UNA-UK NEW WORLD // 25 The last word I STAND FOR A major UNA-UK campaign on Britain’s new role and identity Why does the UN Secretary-General matter to you? StandForCard_20160905_AW_Layouton the world 1 05/09/2016 stage, 11:33 Page 1starting with this simple question New World readers share their views on why they care about who gets the UN’s top job and what they hope the successful candidate will do Equality Peace Cooperation Solidarity Integrity Family Communication Friendship Progress Honesty Kindness Positivity Identity Optimism Compassion Teamwork Openness Inclusiveness Representation Difference Unity Justice Collectiveness Bravery Humanity Heritage Democracy Fairness Courage Sometimes our national leaders get caught I am from a very tiny island in the Pacific. Respect Diversity Harmony Human Rights Growth Sharing Charity Hope Empathy Generosity up in domestic issues. I am reassured that We need someone who understands DeterminationWhat Love Honour do Loyalty Traditionyou Multiculturalism stand Equality Peace Cooperation for? Solidarity the UN Secretary-General is in a position what it is like to be sad and to become to take a step back and see the bigger a refugee because your land is Integrity Family Communication Friendship Progress Honesty Kindness Positivity Identity Optimism picture – looking at how nations are disappearing due to climate change. Compassion Teamwork Openness Inclusiveness Representation Difference Unity Justice affecting each other for good and bad. Carol Allen Especially when we do not have a big part Collectiveness Bravery Humanity Heritage Democracy Fairness Courage Respect Diversity Kiran Gupta @Cazabag in polluting our environment. We need Harmony Human Rights Growth Sharing Charity Hope Empathy Generosity Determination Love someone who can sympathise with us … #NextSGmatters because we want I regard this job as potentially the most and most importantly, someone who is Honour Loyalty Tradition Multiculturalism Equality Peace Cooperation Solidarity Integrity Family someone with integrity and honesty, important in the world. It is a job of a natural leader. Communication Friendship Progress Honesty Kindness Positivity Identity Optimism insight and resilience. Peace lies at influence rather than power which, if used Matennang Atauea Compassion Teamwork Openness Inclusiveness Representation Difference Unity Justice intelligently, can change the lives of poor the heart of this recruit! and oppressed people all over the world RETWEETS Our lovely planet and its inhabitants Collectiveness Bravery Humanity Heritage Democracy Fairness Courage Respect Diversity for the better. The UN has the continuity 2 face so many threats – climate change, Harmony Human Rights Growth Sharing Charity Hope Empathy Generosity Determination Love which politicians of all persuasions lack 10:45 PM – 4 Aug 2016 pandemics, terrorism, forced migration – Honour Loyalty Tradition Multiculturalism Equality Peace Cooperation Solidarity Integrity Family and, with the right calibre of Secretary- and only the UN stands between Earth and Communication Friendship Progress Honesty Kindness Positivity Identity Optimism General, can hold member and non- catastrophe. Its Secretary-General needs member countries to account for their to be strong, talented, understanding and Compassion Teamwork Openness Inclusiveness Representation Difference Unity Justice actions, good and bad, by bringing them the most complete leader we have known. Collectiveness Bravery Humanity Heritage Democracy Fairness Courage Respect Diversity to the attention of the world. Olivia Richardson Harmony Human Rights Growth Sharing Charity Hope Empathy Generosity Determination Love Donne Buck Massoumeh I feel that this period in history is one of Honour Loyalty Tradition Multiculturalism Equality Peace Cooperation Solidarity Integrity Family @Massoumehtorfeh The role of Secretary-General is the most dangerous in terms of conflict, Communication Friendship Progress Honesty Kindness Positivity Identity Optimism extraordinarily challenging: advocate, Next #UNSG must be a visionary, displacement of peoples and climate Compassion Teamwork Openness Inclusiveness Representation Difference Unity Justice have compassion, qualification diplomat, leader, speaker and negotiator, challenges – and yet it is also a time when Collectiveness Bravery Humanity Heritage Democracy Fairness Courage Respect Diversity both innovator and traditionalist. And + experience with resolving many of the world’s institutions seem to yet individuals have indeed managed to conflicts + crisis around the world be disengaged. We need a leader who Harmony Human Rights Growth Sharing Charity Hope Empathy Generosity Determination Love achieve what seems impossible, even if #NextSGmatters can articulate a clear set of solutions on Honour Loyalty Tradition Multiculturalism Equality Peace Cooperation Solidarity Integrity Family fleetingly. Hence I care deeply that we RETWEETS LIKES the world stage and pull decision-makers Communication Friendship Progress Honesty Kindness Positivity Identity Optimism find a respected leader, worthy of being 4 2 together to make these solutions a reality. Ngaire Bushell Compassion Teamwork Openness Inclusiveness Representation Difference Unity Justice followed and helped, with and under 11:19 AM – 3 Aug 2016 whom it might just be possible to gain Collectiveness Bravery Humanity Heritage Democracy Fairness Courage Respect Diversity consensus between key nations. I care because I want somebody who Harmony Human Rights Growth Generosity Loyalty Tradition Rights Growth Sharing Charity Without such an individual … we are is strong enough to carry the will of the Hope Empathy Generosity Determination Love Honour Loyalty Tradition MulticulturalismEquality doomed to stumble back down the The role of all Secretaries-General is to be majority of UN countries, rather than pathway that leads to the scourge of war. a spokesperson for the people of the world the vested interests of the permanent Peace Cooperation Solidarity Integrity Family Communication Friendship Progress Honesty Michael Harwood and now, more than ever, the world needs members of the Security Council. Kindness Positivity Identity Optimism Compassion Teamwork Openness Inclusiveness to be united, not divided. I believe the next Barry Horton Representation Difference Unity Justice Collectiveness Bravery Humanity Heritage Democracy For the first time, and thanks to the leader of the United Nations must position 1 for 7 Billion campaign, I feel he or she themselves as an actor for peace, both Given that no country in the world has Fairness Courage Respect Diversity Harmony Human Rights Growth UNA-UKSharing Charity Hope will be representing me and the rest of the publicly and privately, in order to make achieved gender equality, the prejudice Empathy#StandFor Generosity Determination Love Honour Loyalty Tradition Multiculturalism Equality Peace 7 billion, and answerable to all of us, as to the world a better place. and discrimination faced by women Honesty Kindness Equality Peace Cooperation Solidarity Positivity Identity Cooperation the UN’s member states. In responding Amelia Seeto, UNA Australia worldwide poses an undeniable and to Nikita Khruschev’s demand he resign significant barrier to achieving a globally in 1960, Dag Hammarskjöld stated “It is Global problems can only be solved with united world. I want a UN Secretary- not the Soviet Union or indeed any other global solutions. In this challenging world, General who will commit to enforce Thousands of people across the country are joining the debate about Britain’s identity big powers who need the UN for their we need the best person, an inspiring greater progress in women’s rights as by telling us what’s most important to them. Make your voice heard, find out how to get protection. It is all the others.” Now, for leader – woman or man – who can hold part of their agenda. the first time, “we the peoples” can fairly the world in her or his heart and lead us Eshitha Vaz more involved and request resources for your local UNA at www.una.org.uk/StandFor count ourselves amongst “the others”. towards a just, secure and peaceful world. Find out more,See take page part, 25 for get more materials details. and tell us David Wardrop, UNA Westminster Celine Paramunda Tweet @UNAUK #NextSGmatters to tell us what you think what you stand for at www.una.org.uk/AlwayStandFor #StandFor#StandFor

26 // UNA-UK NEW WORLD 2 // 2016 OUT NOW

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