sign in sign up
<<
Home , Anatol Lieven, Anne Wexler, Anthony Lake, Arnaud de Borchgrave, Arnold Lewis Raphel, Arthur Schneier

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Annual Report July 1,2001 - June 30,2002

Main Offic>eo Office The Harold Pratt House 1779 Avenue, N.W. 58 East 68th Street, , NY 10021 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (212) 434-9400; Fax (212) 434-9800 Tel. (202) 518-3400; Fax (202) 986-2984

Website www.cfr.org E-mail [email protected] Officers and Directors, 2002-2003

Officers Directors Term Expiring 2006 Peter G. Petersont Term Expiring 2003 Chairman of the Board Peggy Dulany Henry S. Bienen Carla A. Hills Martin S. Feldstein Lee Cullum Vice Chairman Bette Bao Lord Richard C. Holbrooke William J. McDonough Vincent A. Mai Joan E. Spero Vice Chairman Michael H. Moskow Vin Weber Leslie H. Gelb Garrick Utley Term Expiring 2007 President Michael P. Peters Term Expiring 2004 Fouad Ajami Executive Vice President and John Deutch Kenneth M. Duberstein* Chief Operating Carla A. Hills Ronald L. Olson* Janice L. Murray Robert D. Hormats Peter G. Peterson*t Senior Vice President and Treasurer William J. McDonough Thomas R. Pickering David Kellogg Theodore C. Sorensen Laura D'Andrea Tyson Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs, and Publisher Leslie H. Gelb Irina A. Faskianos Term Expiring 2005 ex officio Vice President, National and Jessica P. Einhorn Outreach Programs Honorary Officers Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Lawrence J. Korb George J. Mitchell and Directors Emeriti Vice President, Studies Robert E. Rubin Douglas Dillon Elise Carlson Lewis Maurice R. Greenberg Vice President, Membership and Warren B. Rudman Fellowship Affairs Honorary Vice Chairman Abraham F. Lowenthal Charles McC. Mathias Jr. Vice President David Rockefeller Anne R. Luzzatto Honorary Chairman Vice President, Meetings Robert A. Scalapino Robert C. Orr Glenn E. Watts Vice President, Washington Program Lilita V. Gusts Secretary

*Appointed by the Board of Directors in 2002. tin accordance with By- VII. Note: The list of Officers and Directors is current as of September 1, 2002. Contents

Officers and Directors 2 Mission and Goals 5 Letter from the Chairman 6 Letter from the Vice Chairman, Maurice R. Greenberg 8 Letter from the Vice Chairman, Carla A. Hills 10 The President’s Message 12 20 Special Initiatives 22 Term Member Program 27 Studies Program 32 America’s Response to 32 Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies 33 Center for and Free Markets 34 34 34 Europe 35 35 36 37 Peace and Conflict 37 Science and Technology 37 U.S. Foreign Policy 37 Other Activities 38 International Affairs Fellowship Program 38 New York Meetings Program 40 Washington Program 47 National Program 52 Named Chairs, Fellowships, and Lectureships 59 Corporate Program 61

3 Contents

Communications 67 Publications 68 Development 70 Term Grants, Endowment, Restricted, and Special Gifts 71 Annual Giving Donors 73 2002 Board Election 80 Committees of the Board, 2001–2002 81 International Advisory Board 83 Council By- 84 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices 88 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers 90 Budget and Finance 93 Staff 101 Membership 106 Membership Selection Procedure 106 Membership Roster 109

In Memoriam

The Council lost two of its Directors Emeriti this year. William Diebold Jr., Senior Fellow Emeritus, died on Cyrus R. Vance died on January 13, 2002. In addition , 2002. Bill came to the Council in 1939, and his to his many posts in the government, including career and the history of the Council were closely Secretary of State, Deputy Secretary of Defense, and linked for more than 40 years. Trained at Swarthmore, Secretary of the Army, Cy served twice as the Vice Yale, and the School of , Bill was the Chairman of the Council and served on the Board of senior economist at the Council for virtually his entire Directors for 14 years. Caryl P. Haskins died on professional life. The Council published several of his October 8, 2001. A biophysicist and entomologist, he many books and articles, starting in 1941 with New headed the Haskins Labs and also was President of the Directions in Our Trade Policy, a subject he would follow Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C. He served on throughout his career. A dedicated bibliophile, Bill was the Council’s Board of Directors for 14 years and was a also a devoted overseer of the Council’s library. And, member for 56 years. We will miss Cy and Caryl and above all, he was a warm-hearted, clear-thinking, their good works for the Council and the nation. quick-witted, and generous colleague, mentor, and friend to the entire Council community.

4 Mission and Goals

The Council on Foreign Relations is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this mainly by promoting constructive debates and discussions, clarifying world issues, and publishing Foreign Affairs, the leading journal on global issues.

Goals: 1. Add value to the public debate on international affairs. 2. Energize foreign policy discussions nationwide by making the Council a truly national organization with membership across the country. 3. Identify and nurture the next generation of foreign policy leaders. 4. Make the Council the source for ideas and clear and accurate information on key international issues for the interested public.

5 Letter from the Chairman

eflecting on this extraordinary year for our nation, I am immensely proud of the Council’s contribution. The Council reacted quickly after September 11 to reorient its programs to inform our members and the public and to raise the most important R questions related to the war on terrorism. Within a week of the attacks, the Council convened a town hall meeting in New York and broadcast it over the web to the membership across the country and around the world. This was the first of an incredible series of thought-provoking New York, Washington, and national meet- ings focusing on “America’s Response to Terrorism.” With the Council’s New York phone system out of service for almost two weeks, our investments in other technology really paid off. Our award-winning website allowed members to stay on top of the Council’s dynamic meetings schedule and provided them with up-to-the-minute reports of Council deliberations on virtually every aspect of the war on terrorism. The website’s “Terrorism Resource Center” has become a vital source of information, analysis, and thoughtful recommenda- tions, not only for our members, but also for the public at large, and the new Ter- rorism Q&A website has met a pressing need for clear, unbiased information. The work of our senior fellows was at the forefront of the Council’s response to September 11. Over the year the fellows have written a number of crucial journal articles and scores of op-eds in major newspapers—including one week during which ran three op-eds by Council fellows. Five Council fellows published articles in the January/February issue of Foreign Affairs alone, including Stephen E. Flynn on border security (which was also the subject of a piece) and Richard K. Betts on “Fixing Intelligence.” The fellows have also been everywhere on TV and radio, adding facts and reasoned analysis to the national debate. In addition, fellows and staff have run a number of roundtables on issues related to terrorism, among them Lawrence J. Korb’s on homeland security, Rachel Bronson’s on the Middle East and Islam, and Kenneth M. Pollack’s on terrorism. Fellow James J. Shinn drew on his experience and expertise in the high-tech sector, drafting a paper outlining immediate and cost-effective ways to improve data- sharing among federal agencies involved in homeland security. Foreign Affairs Editor James F. Hoge Jr. and Gideon Rose pro- duced an authoritative and thoughtful book of essays, How Did This Happen? Terror- ism and the New War, within two months of the . How Did This Happen? has sold over 50,000 copies to date. Foreign Affairs has burnished its position as the world’s premier international affairs journal with trailblazing articles such as Ken Pollack’s “Next Stop ?” As a result, even more people are paying atten- tion, and the magazine has achieved record-level circulation and ad revenues. Now, Peter G. Peterson more than ever, Foreign Affairs is indeed the jewel in the Council’s crown.

6 Letter from the Chairman

The Council-sponsored Independent Task Force on Terrorism, co-chaired by Carla A. Hills and Richard C. Holbrooke, was the centerpiece of the Council’s work this year. The task force, which wrapped up its work in May, generated a number of ideas on issues ranging from U.S.- Saudi relations, to Afghan reconstruction, to homeland security. In conjunction with the Task Force on Terrorism, I had the privilege to chair an Independent Task Force on Public Diplo- macy. Undersecretary of State for Public Diplo- macy Charlotte Beers met with us, and we presented our preliminary findings and recom- mendations to her and to presidential adviser Karen Hughes at the in June. Thanks to the talented and experienced mem- bers of the task force, we hope this work will be helpful to both the executive branch and Con- Peter G. Peterson and Speaker , Vice President of the , at gress in making America’s public diplomacy the February 15, 2002, “Launch of the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic more effective. Studies.” Finally, I can’t praise highly enough the ter- rific programs the Council’s staff organized in New York, in Washington, and nationally. These pro- The Council is truly fortunate to have Carla and Bill; they grams explored virtually every aspect of terrorism in help to assure the future leadership of the institution. sophisticated and provocative ways—featuring interna- Another very important thing I have to tell you this year tional leaders, government officials, members of Con- is the bad news and good news about Maurice R. Green- gress, U.S. and foreign , scholars, and other berg. The bad is that, despite our imploring him to remain experts. Our members have responded with substantially on the Board, Hank felt that after ten years of service some- higher attendance at meetings than in previous years. one else should have the opportunity to serve as director Also, more and more of our members are participating in and vice chair. (As I have indicated, we have filled the vice meetings via videoconference and teleconference, or by chairmanship extremely well.) The good news is that Hank watching live broadcasts and videos on our website. In will remain as chair of the Advisory Board of our Center for key cities, we conducted roundtables and called on the Geoeconomic Studies, which he was so central in founding expertise of our members to sort through some of the and which is named in his honor. And, in an unprecedented most difficult issues facing our country. The National Pro- decision, the Board voted to make Hank an honorary vice gram capped the year with its largest and best National chair of the Council, in great appreciation of all the ideas, Conference yet, drawing over 300 members. generosity, and time he has devoted to it. The Council has added real value to the national Let me conclude, then, with a special thank-you to my debate during this challenging time. Leslie H. Gelb and dear friend and colleague Hank Greenberg, for his many his team are to be warmly applauded for their efforts, and years of service to the Council. Hank was vice chairman I especially thank the directors for their active involve- longer than anyone else in Council history. We will miss ment in all aspects of the Council. I know you share my his wise counsel on the Board, but I’m very pleased that pride in what the Council has accomplished this year and Hank will continue to provide leadership as chair of the the promise of what is to come. Geoeconomic Center Advisory Board. I am particularly pleased to have the opportunity to work closely with two incredibly talented and dedicated Peter G. Peterson vice chairs, Carla A. Hills and William J. McDonough. Chairman of the Board

7 Letter from the Vice Chairman

his is my last letter as vice chairman. During the ten years I’ve served on the Board, I’ve tried to make sure the Council focuses on international economics and, specifi- cally, the links between economic issues and foreign policy questions. And though TI will be leaving the Board, I’ll remain chair of the Advisory Board for the new Cen- ter for Geoeconomic Studies, which was formally launched in February with a keynote address by Vice President Dick Cheney. Both the vice president and I share the view that the existence of such a center is an essential step toward bridging the gap between foreign policy studies and economic studies. The center’s mission is twofold: to conduct policy-related research and to help train future generations of policy experts. Economic considerations cut to the core of relations among nations. The events of this past year have affirmed for me that there is nothing more important the Council could be doing for our nation than con- ducting policy-relevant research on issues that combine economics and other dimensions of foreign policy: national security, political and regional affairs, science and technology, and new agenda issues such as immigration and the environment. In this way we’ll stay one step ahead of events and train the next generation of for- eign policy experts to be able to tackle the complicated, multifaceted problems of the new century. This year I’ll be working closely with Les Gelb and the other members of the cen- ter’s Advisory Board to identify our areas of comparative advantage and to shape the center’s agenda accordingly. Several new fellows who joined the Council this year have added new dimensions to our research staff. Youssef Ibrahim, senior fellow and manager of strategic studies for the Geoeconomic Center, joins us from a career in and media relations in the United States and the Middle East. Philip K. Verleger Jr., our new BP senior fel- low in international economics, will analyze energy markets and outline the foreign policy implications of various energy options. Finally, Gene Sperling, former director of the National Economic Council at the White House, will be our senior fellow for economic policy and director of the Center on Universal Education. These new senior fellows join an existing research team of some of the nation’s most brilliant minds on these issues, including Ronald D. Asmus, Caroline Atkin- son, Jagdish N. Bhagwati, Morton H. Halperin, Joel Hellman, Roger M. Kubarych, , Adam Segal, Stephen R. Sestanovich, Joe Siegle, Henry Sieg- man, and Benn Steil, all of whom direct projects for the center. Les, Pete, and I are excited by this new endeavor and confident we have assem- bled a team that can make a difference in addressing issues critical to our global economy. The projects already underway include a volume on what’s new about Maurice R. Greenberg ; an assessment of the economic, technological, and political factors

8 Letter from the Vice Chairman that will shape future Chinese military capa- bilities; a project cospon- sored by the Center for Global Development on the underside of global- ization; a study of cor- ruption and economic development, conducted in cooperation with the ; and an examination of the links between democratic re- gimes and economic de- velopment in the after- math of the . In addition to spon- soring research projects, the Center for Geoeco- nomic Studies runs a seminar series with Speaker Maurice R. Greenberg, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, American International Group, and Vice that brings together fac- Chairman, Council on Foreign Relations, Presider Andrew Gundlach, Bessie Skoures, and Li Lu at the May 21, ulty, students, and pol- 2002, Meeting, “Term Member Leadership Seminar with Maurice R. Greenberg.” icy experts with fellows at the Council to discuss a broad range of issues and to produce short policy lowship in business and foreign policy. This fellowship papers. This process provides our fellows with an will permit us to hire a scholar to analyze the current immediate and educated sounding board for ideas and, and future impact of business on U.S. foreign policy and by engaging young scholars at the university level, of U.S. foreign policy on business. helps us develop the next generation of foreign policy Given its top-notch research staff, current projects, practitioners. and institutional relationships, the Center for Geoeco- Especially important to me is the center’s emphasis nomic Studies is primed to have a major impact. The on understanding the growing role of business in for- center will also be able to draw on the Council’s good eign affairs. Since business is ever more international, reputation, membership, and broad reach both in the and global commerce is (and should be) increasingly United States and abroad in order to conduct these and inextricably linked to our nation’s foreign policy, important studies. I am proud to be chairman of the the center has made an effort to connect with the corpo- Advisory Board of what I see as the Council’s most crit- rate world. Our efforts have been aided in large part by ical contribution to our nation. Senior Vice President for Corporate Affairs David Kel- Finally, I would like to thank Pete Peterson, Les Gelb, logg and his team in cultivating corporate members and and my fellow directors of the Board for making my ten- engaging business leaders in give-and-takes to brain- year tenure so pleasurable. I will remain closely involved storm about how the center can facilitate a better work- in the Council and I look forward to reporting to you on ing relationship between the foreign policy and business the progress of this great new center. communities. And I am pleased that the Council will be able to engage in some hardheaded research in this area Maurice R. Greenberg as the result of the new Bernard L. Schwartz senior fel- Vice Chairman of the Board

9 Letter from the Vice Chairman

ithin a week of the shocking events of September 11, Council President Leslie H. Gelb formed our Independent Task Force on Terrorism. Its purpose was to raise questions that needed to be answered, suggest areas that required in- Wdepth deliberation, and identify linkages between subjects that could become unduly compartmentalized. The task force brought together over 50 of the nation’s most experienced leaders, including former cabinet officials, Nobel laureates, and a former chairman of the . It included experts on border control, public health, bioterrorism, cyber-security, intelligence, and homeland secu- rity. My fellow director Richard C. Holbrooke and I co-chaired this effort. General Charles G. Boyd, the Council’s Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow, served as our able project director. The assembly of this extraordinary group of individuals and its work product demonstrates the unique capacity of the Council to respond rapidly to international crises. Each task force meeting began with a briefing by a government official or topical expert followed by a spirited exchange of ideas regarding the topic on the agenda. It was not possible to reach a consensus on every subject. How- ever, the knowledge gained by task force members as a result of these exchanges raised their awareness and enhanced their ability to have mean- ingful and constructive discussions with individuals in government service, the media, and the broader public. And where consensus was reached, often a paper was produced—such as the one on how the government might more effectively communicate its views in the Muslim world, which was shared with the administration early on. The work of the task force has been enriched by several related activities at the Council. For example, our chairman, Peter G. Peterson, is leading a task force of experts who are focusing on public diplomacy more broadly. A sub- group of the terrorism task force has produced two first-rate papers (avail- able on the Council’s website) on strengthening the U.S.-Saudi and U.S.-Egyptian relationships; these papers discuss the critical nature of those relations to U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Another subgroup, headed by Chuck Boyd, is studying issues of public health and bioterrorism with the intention of developing recommendations to reorganize the public health infrastructure. Also, the Council is about to launch a task force chaired by Maurice R. Greenberg and directed by William F. Wechsler, formerly at the Treasury, and Lee S. Wolosky, a former International Affairs Fellow who served at the National Security Council, to contribute to the public debate on Carla A. Hills terrorist financing. In the short term, “by following the money,” governments

10 Letter from the Vice Chairman

Presider Carla A. Hills, Translator, and Speaker Hu Jintao, Vice President, Peo- ple’s Republic of , at the May 1, 2002, Meeting, “A Conversation with Hu Jintao.”

may be better able to identify terrorist organizations Kenneth R. Maxwell. The conclusions of a task force and prevent an attack. Over the longer term, disrupt- on State Department reform, chaired by Frank C. ing their flow of funds helps us to destroy them. The Carlucci and cosponsored by the Center for Strategic report of this task force will describe the challenge and International Studies, were discussed with Sec- and the steps taken to address the problem thus far. retary of State Colin L. Powell as soon as he took The task force also intends to make recommendations office. This recognition underscores the fact that the about what should be done and how to do it. Council is way ahead of the curve when it comes to The Council has undertaken more than 20 task foreign policy. forces over the past nine years, reflecting the breadth Finally, as a Council member based in Washing- of its work and its importance in the foreign policy- ton, I am so very pleased with the outstanding qual- making world. It is often hard to quantify the imme- ity of the Washington Program this year. Its offerings diate impact of any given task force, but this is not have been rich and varied. For example, Vice Presi- because they have no impact. Often, it is because dent Dick Cheney spoke at the launching of the their resonance is not immediate. Indeed, several of Geoeconomic Center. We have benefited from the Council’s past task force reports have recently thoughtful discussions with U.S. Trade Representa- been brought to the fore by the new policy climate. tive Robert B. Zoellick, President of These include Strengthening Palestinian Institutions, , Vice President Hu Jintao of China, and Presi- from a task force chaired by Michel Rocard and dent of . Thanks to Chuck directed by Henry Siegman; U.S.-Cuban Relations in Boyd and Drucker, and, since Chuck’s departure, the 21st Century, from a task force chaired by Bernard Anne R. Luzzatto, the Council has become a real pil- Aronson and William D. Rogers and directed by lar of the policy community in our nation’s capital. Julia E. Sweig; Building Support for More Open Trade, All of us in Washington look forward to Robert C. whose task force was chaired by Kenneth M. Duber- Orr’s leadership of the Washington office in the year stein and Robert E. Rubin and directed by Timothy ahead. F. Geithner; and A Letter to the President and a Memo- randum on U.S. Policy toward , from the task Carla A. Hills force chaired by Stephen Robert and directed by Vice Chairman of the Board

11 The President’s Message

et ready for a new and worse world. And you’re hearing that not from a sky-is-falling personality. Not that the sky is already falling, but it is growing dark—dark in terms of serious threats to flawed Gbut civilized societies, dark regarding opportunities for and economic prospects, dark and terribly confusing about the in- formation and ideas we will need to fight through this nasty stretch of history. For the Council to help with the good information and ideas that are its strengths, we have to partially reinvent or redirect ourselves once more. We’ll have to devote a good proportion of our talent and resources to working for a new and wider audience. This audience, of course, will continue to include our members and the policy commu- nity as leading priorities. But now times require us to go beyond our historically primary audiences, to reach out to interested and others who want and need a hand in sorting out what the gov- ernment and the experts know and don’t know—reliably and clearly, and without partisanship or ideological deformation. The interested public will also want help in understanding proposals for managing the challenges of a world tinged by the daily threat of terrorism. It is not so easy to be saintly and fair. But the Council’s Board and staff believe with me that our organization has a good chance to do this hard and demanding work. So, what’s so special about the Council, and exactly how do we propose to do this reaching out? Our membership is highly diverse in politics and backgrounds and, quite simply, they would not let the Council (as distinguished from an individual senior fellow) put its name behind anything not fair and reliable. The staff takes this tradition and obligation seri- ously and has not and would not abuse it. We’ve had two mighty tests of this in the last few years. One was our Campaign 2000 web- site, and the other is our current Terrorism Q&A website. Both ad- Leslie H. Gelb dressed highly sensitive information. In both enterprises, we have

12 The President’s Message

Speaker Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, Speaker , Senior Writer, New York Times, Speaker John C. Gannon, former Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, Leslie H. Gelb, Presider Richard C. Holbrooke, Speaker Milton Bearden, former CIA Station Chief in , and Speaker Stephen E. Flynn, Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, at the September 17, 2001, Town Hall Meeting, “Terrorism: The Implications of the Attacks and Where We Go from Here.”

been free of serious criticism. (Only my natural modesty prevents me from sharing the tales of praise and prizes.) Nor were these products neutered in the name of “politics” and “bal- ance.” We didn’t balance for balance’s sake. We were fair and called balls and strikes when the evidence was clear. We’ve built up a franchise for fairness. What’s more, we know what we’re doing and how to do it. We’ve been practicing on lots of fronts for years now. Been there, made the mistakes, fixed them, done that. Based on these experiences and our expertise, the Coun- Jessica P. Einhorn, Henry S. Bienen, and Michael H. Moskow at the cil has undertaken a new outreach strategy. It September 25, 2001, Annual Dinner for the Board, International has four components. Advisory Board, and Harold Pratt Associates.

13 The President’s Message

Speaker John D. Negroponte, U.S. Permanent Representative to the Presider Fouad Ajami with the Kuwaiti delegation at the February 1, , Gillian Martin Sorensen, and Theodore C. Sorensen at 2002, Meeting, “Assessing the Consequences of American Victory in the February 21, 2002, Root Lecture, “U.S. Priorities at the United .” Nations: The Challenge of Global Terrorism.”

Speaker Gail D. Fosler, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, The Conference Board, Lisa Shields, Presider Peter G. Peterson, Speaker Paul A. Volcker, Former Chairman, Board of Governors, System, and Speaker Henry Kaufman, President, Henry Kaufman & Company, at the October 2, 2001, Meeting, “The Terrorist Attacks: The Economic Implications.”

14 The President’s Message

Presider Leslie H. Gelb introduces the Terrorism Q&A website at the January 25, 2002, Meeting, “The World after September 11.”

First, the Council’s existing public website and then provide background papers on these will be the centerpiece and home base for issues. In so doing, we will effectively walk people who want current, reliable, nonparti- readers through the minefields of gobbledy- san, authoritative, readily understandable in- gook. During extended crises, like the one formation and background. During election now involving terrorism, we’ll devote a por- season, under the Campaign 2004 rubric, we’ll tion of the website to an encyclopedia explain- post full texts of statements by candidates and ing what we know and don’t know, in a their gurus, then break it all down by issue, question-and-answer format. Before major

15 The President’s Message

events like G-8 meetings, or Arab summits, or environmental con- claves, we’ll provide short and useful background papers. Our web audience is already huge, and we expect substantial further growth. We’ve raised our exposure by convincing major news outlets to link their websites to our Terrorism Q&A site. They haven’t done it for anyone else. They do it for us because our work is strong and nonpartisan and easy to understand. These are

Speaker Leon S. Fuerth, Shapiro Professor of International Affairs, Elliot School of just some of the websites that International Affairs, George Washington University, Presider Leslie H. Gelb, and Speaker have linked to our terrorism site: Richard N. Perle, Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, CNN.com, .com, AOL, at the January 22, 2002, Home Box Office Series Meeting, “Getting Saddam: A Debate.” Slate, Washingtonpost.com, and ABC.com. We’re now seeking to link our resources with universi- ties and colleges as well.

Presider Walter S. Isaacson, Speaker Vern Clark, Chief of Naval Operations, U.S. Navy, Our viewership is potentially Speaker John P. Jumper, Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force, and Speaker John M. Keane, Vice in the millions, mainly composed Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, at the January 28, 2002, John Train Lecture, “America’s of people who are both interested Response to Terrorism: U.S. Defense Policy.” in good information and ideas and utterly bewildered by the bom- bardment of ill-reported and con- flicting facts and badly explained ideas. These are the people who read , New York Times, and good regional pa- pers, and who watch quality tele- vision news like the NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, Charlie Rose, and . These readers and view- ers are looking for what we’re of- fering. We have heard the frequent good reactions from them. I just can’t resist, at this point, mention-

16 The President’s Message

CNN.com has highlighted the Council’s Terrorism Q&A website content since the terrorism site’s launch in January 2002.

ing that Earthlink, a major Internet service provider, listed our terrorism site as a “Website of the Week,” a great boost. And the Council’s website was nominated, unbelievably, for a “Webby,” like an Academy Award for websites. There, I’ve thrown all modesty aside. Second, we’ll also continue to schedule briefings for the Washington, D.C., and press corps. They want, and they need, help sorting out complicated issues as well. We already do background papers for them. Our press briefings present the best minds around, and we make sure the press gets the full range of views. We’ll be doing Speaker Philip K. Verleger Jr., BP Senior Fellow in International Economics, more of these. Council on Foreign Relations, and President, PKVerleger LLC, Speaker Richard N. Perle, Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute for Public Third, we’ll start a program of briefings Policy Research, and Presider Stephen R. Sestanovich at the May 14, 2002, and conversations with editors of regional Press Briefing on the Bush/Putin Summit.

17 The President’s Message

newspapers and television sta- tions. This is near-virgin territory and a great opportunity. We’ll ask them what they want to hear and talk about; this won’t simply be an “us-to-them” game. Fourth, we will use all the Council’s programmatic tools to focus on two or three issues of overriding importance so as to stimulate a sustained policy dis- cussion and work toward concrete proposals. Each year we will pick the central concerns: this year, they will be homeland security and U.S.-European relations. Then, we George Soros, Paul A. Volcker, and Speaker Romano Prodi, President, European Commission, at the January 11, 2002, Russell C. Leffingwell Lecture, “The Three Key will plan and make a commitment Challenges Facing the —The Reality of the Euro, Enlargement from the to developing the issues and ener- East, Institutional Reforms.” is looking at one of the just-released euro bills. gizing members, policy wonks, media figures, legislators, and the public to engage in a serious de- Speaker Ahmad Chalabi, Co-Founder, Iraqi National Congress, Speaker Latif Rashid, Co-Founder, Iraqi National Congress, and Speaker Sheikh Mohammed Mohammed Ali, bate on these matters. We have Co-Founder, Iraqi National Congress, at the February 1, 2002, Meeting, “What Role for plenty of proven Council avenues the Iraqi National Congress in ?” to work through: our general meetings programs in New York and Washington, our National Program roundtables, our term member seminars and debates, our Corporate meetings, our dedi- cated use of senior fellows for in- depth roundtables, and our very successful Congressional Round- table Program that brings together key internationally oriented staffers of all political stripes and from both houses. We already pos- sess these mechanisms for getting people to pay attention—and we will use them.

18 The President’s Message

Speaker , Administrator, U.N. Development Programme, China Keitetsi, Speaker Romeo Dallaire, former Commander, U.N. Observer Mission—Uganda and and U.N. Assistance Mission for Rwanda, Presider Kati Marton, Speaker Olara A. Otunnu, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, United Nations, and Speaker Jo Becker, Advocacy Director, Children's Rights Division, , at the May 6, 2002, Meeting, "Children and War: Closing in on Solutions."

We call this new outreach plan “Goal Four.” the next generation of foreign policy leaders. It will be led by Irina A. Faskianos, whom I have Goal Four—make the Council the source for just promoted to vice president for National and ideas and clear and accurate information on key Outreach Programs. This new goal builds on our international issues for the interested public—is other goals of the last nine years: (1) add value to a vital addition to our institutional arsenal. It the debate on international affairs in the form of demonstrates our commitment to maintain our new information, new analytical approaches, good country as an informed democracy. We are and new policy ideas; (2) energize foreign policy prepared to do our share. discussions nationwide by making the Council a truly national organization with membership Leslie H. Gelb across the country; and (3) identify and nurture President

19 Foreign Affairs

he six issues of Foreign Affairs published this past year were unusually dominated by a single topic: terrorism. Never before had anything occurred like the September 11 ter- rorist attacks on America’s centers of economic and military power. They generated Tanger, fear, and a shocked feeling of “Why us?” They also brought a military retaliation against the terrorists’ havens in Afghanistan and a global hunt for terrorist cells and their financial networks. Terrorism also scarred the Middle East. Palestinian suicide bombers in unprece- dented numbers wreaked havoc in . In return, Israeli military forces demol- ished Palestinian government facilities, alleged terrorist hideouts, and substantial infrastructure in the and the . Faced with the risk of a wider war, the United States once again became deeply engaged in the search for peace. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, Foreign Affairs remade its November/Decem- ber 2001 issue to incorporate four articles on pressing aspects of the war on terrorism. Scholar Fouad Ajami illuminated the complicated history of America’s relations with the Arab world and the causes of festering anti-Americanism. Milton Bearden, a former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) station chief in Pakistan, traced the constant warfare that had left neighboring Afghanistan controlled by fundamentalists who wel- comed and his al Qaeda terrorist training camps. Former Defense Sec- retary William J. Perry proposed new strategies to prevent, deter, and defend against the threats of a terrorist age. Michael A. McFaul and Timothy Colton drew on their expert knowledge of Russia to suggest that the September attacks opened up possibilities for striking new cooperation between Russia and the United States. Following up in the January/February 2002 issue, Columbia University professor and Council Fellow Richard K. Betts assessed the intelligence challenges presented by sophisticated, technology-savvy terrorist operations. Council Fellow and Coast Guard officer Stephen E. Flynn gave a similar assessment of the challenges of homeland defense. Princeton professor Michael Scott Doran provided a penetrating analysis of the conditions and ideas that drive radical Islamists. And Anatol Lieven reported on the Islamic pressures that confronted Pakistan’s leader, Pervez Musharraf, as he sought to assist the U.S. campaign against al Qaeda in neighboring Afghanistan. In the same issue, former U.S. ambassador to Israel Martin Indyk called for a new American approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, while Palestinian sociologist Khalil Shikaki illuminated the emerging division between the ’ old and new guard. In the March/April 2002 issue, the burgeoning crisis in the Middle East received extensive analysis in a number of articles. The case for forcing a regime change in Iraq was laid out by Council Fellow and former National Security Council staffer Kenneth M. Pollack. Graham Fuller, former vice chairman of the National Intelligence Council at the CIA, counseled the Bush administration to support and work with moderate James F. Hoge Jr. elements that exist in the Muslim world. Other related essays dealt with the refugee

20 Foreign Affairs problem in Afghanistan, the unsettled states of Central Asia, and needed course corrections in America’s public diplomacy. In the May/June 2002 issue, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld presented his vision of how the U.S. military should be transformed to meet challenges that are decidedly different from those of the Cold War. Noted security analyst Eliot A. Cohen offered a companion analysis, Presider James F. Hoge Jr., Speaker Michael Scott Doran, Assistant Professor of Near Eastern Studies, Prince- noting the political and concep- ton University, and Speaker Brian M. Jenkins, Senior Adviser to the President of RAND, at the January 9, tual obstacles to transformation. 2002, Meeting, “Assault on America: Where Do We Go from Here?” in . Two additional articles summa- rized lessons from the Afghan- istan and Kosovo campaigns. from the September/October 2001 issue. Traffic on the For- Also in the May/June 2002 issue was a tough assessment eign Affairs website soared to 200,000 visitors a month, of Israeli Prime Minister Sharon and Israel’s military compared with 70,000 in August. incursions into the West Bank, and an urgent call for outside Other initiatives continue to thrive. The Japanese version forces to put forward a comprehensive plan for a final set- of the magazine reaches 20,000 readers, and the Spanish edi- tlement. Interim solutions will no longer work, according to tion, launched in December 2000, reaches another 6,000. For Robert A. Malley, President Clinton’s special assistant for the academic community, which makes extensive use of For- Arab-Israeli affairs, and Hussein Agha, eign Affairs articles, a new series of antholo- an Oxford University scholar. Still further gies is being offered for classroom use. aspects of the phenomenon of terrorism and the conflict in the Middle East were addressed in the July/August 2002 issue. Throughout the challenging past year, Special Effort Foreign Affairs also dealt with other Given the extraordinary and shocking important topics, including deteriorating nature of the terrorist attacks on America, conditions in Latin America, the rising the editor and managing editor of Foreign tensions between and Pakistan, the Affairs produced an “instant” book to stresses of globalization, and controver- enhance public understanding. How Did sies surrounding global warming and the This Happen? Terrorism and the New War biotechnology revolution in agriculture. consisted of 23 specially commissioned essays on all aspects of the causes and consequences of the attacks. Copies were distributed to key members of the news Benchmarks media, the Bush administration, and all Following September 11, readers turned members of Congress. The book’s pub- to Foreign Affairs in record numbers. The lisher, PublicAffairs, reported 55,000 fall subscription campaign generated copies delivered to bookstores. twice the usual response. Newsstand sales also set records. In all, the Novem- How Did This Happen?, a collection of James F. Hoge Jr. ber/December 2001 issue sold almost essays on 9/11 published by Foreign Editor, Peter G. Peterson Chair 120,000 copies, an increase of 10,000 Affairs and PublicAffairs. Foreign Affairs

21 Special Initiatives

his year, the Council launched its Terrorism Q&A website, a unique online encyclopedia of terrorism and America’s response, in order to provide timely and trustworthy answers to the questions on the minds of millions of Amer- Ticans in the aftermath of September 11. The site is part of the Council’s new mission to reach a broader audience with easy-to-understand, nonpartisan information on key international issues. The Council also launched the Arthur Ross Book Award this spring to honor a recent work in or foreign policy that merits special attention for its analysis of important events and its contribution to solving pressing political or economic prob- lems. The Center for Preventive Action revived the much needed discussion on preventing deadly conflict by offering tangible and practical strategies for regions of particular vulnerability. Council-sponsored independent task forces, Council Policy Initiatives, and the Congressional Roundtable Program have over the years become the major tools to inform policymakers and advance the foreign policy debate in Washington and around the world.

Terrorism Q&A Website in one easily navigable and comprehensive site, aimed at interested readers who want a clear, authoritative After September 11, the American public was deluged primer on what the experts know and don’t know. with news coverage but had no place to go to manage The site’s fact sheets, presented in an easy-to-follow the information overload, sort out fact from opinion, Q&A format, are reported and written by a Council edi- and make sense of seemingly incomprehensible and torial team led by the project’s director, Warren Bass, in often contradictory reports. The Council moved to fill consultation with experts both inside and outside the this gap. In an unprecedented initiative, the Council Council. The fact sheets include profiles of major terror- launched “Terrorism: Questions & Answers” in January ist groups, background information on Afghanistan, 2002 at www.terrorismanswers.com—the nation’s first primers on state sponsors of terrorism and coalition online encyclopedia of terrorism and America’s states, and surveys of homeland security concerns. The response. In cooperation with the Markle Foundation, fact sheets are constantly updated, with new topics the website provides reliable, nonpartisan information added each week. In addition, the site answers a “Ques-

22 Special Initiatives

The Council’s Terrorism Q&A website, www.terrorismanswers.com.

tion of the Day” on a topic making headlines. The site the significant media interest and by the confidence that also features “This Week in the War on Terrorism,” a partners have placed in the Council. Links to “Terror- weekly news roundup summarizing key developments ism: Questions & Answers” appear on some of the most in such areas as the Afghan war, homeland defense, and heavily trafficked sites on the web, including CNN.com, global repercussions of September 11. “This Week” is Washingtonpost.com, AOL, and the web’s premier mag- written by Council Fellow Kenneth M. Pollack. azine, Slate. In addition, it was chosen by Earthlink as a The Q&A site’s viewership is wide: it now averages website of the week. more than half a million pages viewed per month. The The site’s watchword remains simple: reliable infor- high caliber of information on the site is confirmed by mation in troubled times.

23 Special Initiatives

Center for Preventive Action The end of the Cold War brought down a world of empires and unleashed a flood of deadly ethnic and civil conflict; it also set aside great-power competition, thus creating the possibility of resolving these deadly local conflicts. The Council’s Center for Preventive Action (CPA) aims to help turn those possibilities into realities by uniting the anti- conflict stakeholders and offering tangible and practical strategies for peace. The center does this by carefully select- ing countries or regions where prevention has a decent chance of succeeding, either before killing escalates or in lulls before new explosions, then establishing independent task forces of Council members and other experts who understand the roles and views of the stakeholders—gov- ernments, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and the business community—in specific conflict situations. These task forces develop the strategies (precise recommendations combined with concrete rewards and punishments) necessary to induce key leaders among the warring factions to alter their behavior. After a special relaunch event in March, keynoted by Kofi Annan and dedicated to the memory of the great The Arthur Ross Book Award statesman Cyrus R. Vance, the first two CPA task forces This year, thanks to the generosity of Arthur Ross, the are focusing on the and West Papua, respectively. Council established the annual Arthur Ross Book Award The center is overseen by an Advisory Committee chaired to recognize books that make an outstanding contribution by John W. Vessey, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of to the understanding of foreign policy or international relations. The prize is awarded to nonfiction works from any recent year, in English or in translation, that merit special attention for their analysis of important events, their contributions to solving pressing political or eco- nomic problems, or their impact in galvanizing new thinking about the way long-standing issues of interna- tional concern are viewed. The award’s first prize of $10,000 and second prize of $5,000 make it the most sub- stantial award in the United States for any book in inter- national relations. The winning books are chosen by a jury comprised of scholars, practitioners, and businesspeople, including the editor of Foreign Affairs. In 2002, first prize was awarded to for : Fighting for Freedom 1937–1946. The silver medal went to Lawrence Freedman for Kennedy’s Wars: Berlin, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam, and an honorable mention was awarded to Walter Russell Mead Speaker Kofi Annan, Secretary-General, United Nations, Leslie H. Gelb, for Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It and Presider John W. Vessey at the March 6, 2002, Meeting, “Center for Changed the World. Preventive Action Special Event and Tribute to Cyrus R. Vance.”

24 Special Initiatives

Staff, and engages other experienced stakeholders from all quarters. The CPA is directed by William L. Nash, a retired major general who led U.S. Army forces into Bosnia to enforce the Dayton Peace Accords and later served as a senior civil administrator for the United Nations in Kosovo.

Task Forces The Council sponsors an independent task force when (1) an issue of current and critical importance to U.S. foreign policy arises, and (2) it seems that a group diverse in backgrounds and perspectives may, nonetheless, be able to reach a meaningful consensus on a policy through private and nonpartisan deliber- Bette Bao Lord and Lewis Manilow at the April 30, 2002, Meeting of the ations. Once formed, task forces are independent of the Council Task Force on Public Diplomacy. on Foreign Relations and solely responsible for their reports. This year, perhaps more than ever, the Council’s inde- pendent task forces have played an important role in Afghanistan, and government restructuring. The task force shaping foreign policy. Decision-makers in government submitted a paper to the administration that suggests tech- look to the Council’s task forces—groups of high-ranking niques to better convey U.S. foreign policy to the world. individuals with diverse experience and expertise—and Interest in this effort was so acute that a separate Task to the Council’s task force reports—written simply and Force on Public Diplomacy was launched. This task clearly to highlight key recommendations—to help guide force’s report has already been demanded—even in draft their decisions on complicated issues. form—by the executive branch and Congress alike. In its Task Force on Terrorism, co-chaired report, the task force outlines a number of measures to by Carla A. Hills and Richard C. Holbrooke, convened in enhance the effectiveness of public diplomacy in support the immediate aftermath of September 11 and met over 20 of U.S. foreign policy. times to discuss issues as diverse as border security, bio- While a more effective public diplomacy is an imme- logical and chemical weapons, public health, the future of diate policy need, task forces often take a longer-term perspective. For instance, the Council’s new Independent Task Force on Chinese Military Power, co-chaired by Harold Brown and Joseph Prueher, looks ahead to deter- mine the future capabilities of the Chinese military, iden- tifying what specific developments should spark an American response as well as what sorts of U.S. actions might influence Chinese behavior. Issued in the fall of 2001, the independent task force report Building Support for More Open Trade recommended that Congress give the president trade promotion author- ity and use the benefits of trade expansion to deal with labor, environmental, and other social issues. Frank G. Wisner II and continue to co- chair a task force on South Asia cosponsored with the ; their work has become increasingly critical as the stakes in the region grow higher. Carla A. Hills and Richard C. Holbrooke at the October 30, 2001, Meet- The Threats to Democracy Task Force, co-chaired by ing of the Terrorism Task Force. Madeleine K. Albright and Bronislaw Geremek, seeks to

25 Special Initiatives

Project Director Adam Segal, Chairman Harold Brown, and John Deutch at the April 29, 2002, Meeting of the Chinese Military Power Independent Task Force, “The PLA from the Ground Up.”

encourage preventive action and develop mechanisms to development, and security issues in Southeast Asia, among deter unconstitutional interruptions of the democratic others. Alton Frye and Robert C. Orr co-direct the program. process as well as the slow erosion of democracy. The Council is also sponsoring an independent task force to better define the U.S. role in the United Nations. This effort, cosponsored with , is chaired Council Policy Initiatives by and Lee H. Hamilton. The Council undertakes a Council Policy Initiative (CPI) when In addition, the Korea task force, co-chaired by Morton a foreign policy issue is of current and critical importance but I. Abramowitz and James T. Laney, has reconvened. it seems highly unlikely that clashing views can be reconciled in Finally, the task force, chaired by Laura D’Andrea a meaningful consensus by a task force. The goal of a CPI is to Tyson, will meet to evaluate the current situation in that spark debate among interested Americans on key foreign policy country. choices in ways that can be easily understood by informed non- experts. CPI authors try to make the best case for each alterna- tive. To this end, the Council will publish a concise text Congressional Roundtable containing the choices, written usually as speeches that a U.S. president could give, with a cover memo as if written by a key Program presidential adviser, summarizing the choices and giving the An informed Congress is essential to an effective American for- necessary historical and political background. eign policy, and an informed congressional staff is essential to Lawrence J. Korb’s Reshaping America’s Military: Four an effective Congress. Reaching across party lines, the Coun- Alternatives, updating an earlier CPI, outlines four possi- cil’s congressional staff roundtables provide a forum to discuss ble defense policy options: “Enhanced Defense” would major international issues under the Council’s tradition of substantially increase spending on both existing and nonattribution. future capabilities to deal with both traditional and new Co-chaired by Thomas E. Donilon and Kenneth M. threats; “Revolutionary Transformation” would put Duberstein, the Congressional Roundtable Program has defense dollars toward new revolutionary technologies held more than 130 meetings on Capitol Hill since 1998, now, with an eye on future threats; “Evolutionary Trans- providing a neutral setting for key congressional staffers formation” would rebuild our existing capability to com- from both houses of Congress to engage in nonpartisan dis- bat present threats and only secondarily invest in future cussion of various policy matters. This year, the program technologies; and “Cooperative Defense” would pro- hosted meetings on the war on terrorism, China’s entry mote burden-sharing with our allies and international into the , priorities for economic institutions.

26 Term Member Program

he Stephen M. Kellen Term Member Program is designed to encourage promising young leaders to engage in a sustained conversation on international affairs and U.S. foreign policy. The program allows younger members to interact with seasoned foreign Tpolicy veterans as well as participate in a wide variety of events designed especially for them. Each year a new class of term members, all between the ages of 28 and 34, is elected to a five-year membership. Committees of term members in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Boston serve as advisory bodies to the Council leadership and provide term members with opportunities to help create programs of particular inter- est to them. This past year, term members enjoyed many opportunities not only to hear high-profile speakers but also to conduct and participate in numerous seminars, tour the newly commissioned Aegis , USS Bulkeley, and visit the of New York and the Central Intelligence Agency. Term members also benefited from a new series of multisession roundtables on pressing foreign policy issues that facilitated in-depth discussions among the participants. For more information on how to become a term member, please see pages 106–8.

Program Highlights

Term Member Seminars Elizabeth Pond Juliette N. Kayyem Editor, Internationale Politik Executive Director, Executive Session on Domestic “Limits to European Cooperation against Terrorism” Preparedness, John F. Kennedy School of Government, PRESIDER: Alexander T.J. Lennon WASHINGTON, D.C. • OCTOBER 11, 2001 Charles J. McLaughlin Executive Director, Russian Investment Symposium, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Author, Political Fictions Harvard University “Term Member Dinner with Joan Didion” “Terrorism: Prevention, Preparedness, and Response” PRESIDER: MODERATORS: Jessica Korn and Linda D. Rottenberg Jeffrey W. Taliaferro BOSTON • NOVEMBER 6, 2001 NEW YORK • NOVEMBER 5, 2001

27 Term Member Program

Speaker Colin L. Powell, U.S. Secretary of State, at the June 10, 2002, Meeting, “A Term Member Conversation with .”

Walter Russell Mead Juju Chang Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy, Council on Foreign , ABC News Relations David Greenberg “The Domestic Politics of America’s New War” , Slate Magazine PRESIDER: Haleh Nazeri Deroy Murdock NEW YORK • NOVEMBER 15, 2001 Senior Fellow, Scripps Howard News Service and Atlas Economic Research Foundation Ian Buruma Philip C. Rudder Author, Bad Elements: Chinese Rebels from Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, and Military Fellow, to Council on Foreign Relations “Term Member Dinner with Ian Buruma” Jacob Weisberg Editor, Slate Magazine PRESIDER: Bette Bao Lord NEW YORK • DECEMBER 3, 2001 “Live from the Front: Freedom and Responsibility of the Press in the ” Bill Richardson MODERATOR: Melvin F. Williams Jr. Senior Managing Director, Kissinger McLarty and NEW YORK • JANUARY 10, 2002 Associates; former Secretary of Energy; former U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations J. Brian Atwood “The Role of the United Nations in Post-Taliban President, Citizens International, LLC; Afghanistan” former Administrator, U.S. Agency for International Development PRESIDER: Sarah G.J. Lennon WASHINGTON, D.C. • DECEMBER 17, 2001 “New Developments in International Development” PRESIDER: Julie A. Fisher BOSTON • JANUARY 10, 2002

28 Term Member Program

Karen J. DeYoung Teresa Taylor Associate Editor, Washington Post Executive Director, Survivors’ Rights International Samuel H. Feist “Human Rights in U.S. Foreign Policy: Executive Producer, Presents and Crossfire, CNN Trade-offs since September 11” David C. Leavy PRESIDER: Orde F. Kittrie Senior Vice President, Discovery Communications, Inc. WASHINGTON, D.C. • FEBRUARY 28, 2002 “War and the Press: Media Coverage of the War on Terrorism” Joseph S. Nye Jr. MODERATOR: John Nicholas Dowling Dean, John F. Kennedy School of Government, WASHINGTON, D.C. • JANUARY 29, 2002 Harvard University “Term Member Dinner Discussion Kenneth M. Pollack with Joseph S. Nye Jr.” Olin Senior Fellow and Director, National Security PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Calvin Sims DISCUSSANT: Timothy J. Bartlett NEW YORK • MARCH 5, 2002 Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations Jonathan M. Fredman Gayle E. Smith Associate General Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency Former Special Assistant to the President and Senior Robert J. Filippone Director for African Affairs, National Security Council Deputy Democratic Staff Director, Senate Select “Where Next: Future Operations and Options Committee on Intelligence in the War on Terror” “U.S. Intelligence: Meeting the Challenges PRESIDER: Andrew S. Weiss of a Post–9/11 World” NEW YORK • FEBRUARY 26, 2002 PRESIDER: Gary M. Shiffman Daniel F. Feldman WASHINGTON, D.C. • MARCH 21, 2002 Associate, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom Dennis B. Ross Bill Saunders Lecturer, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Senior Fellow, Harvard University; former Special Middle East Coordinator, U.S. Department of State

Council Term Members at the May 10, 2002, Term Member Trip to the Central Intelligence Agency.

29 Term Member Program

“Prospects for Peace in the Middle East” Robert C. Orr PRESIDER: Walid G. Chamoun Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International BOSTON • APRIL 10, 2002 Studies Susan L. Tillou William F. Buckley Jr. Former Field Officer, U.N. Transitional Administration Editor at Large, in East Timor “Term Member Evening with William F. Buckley Jr.” Laura White USAID Consultant to White House Coalition Information PRESIDER: Deroy Murdock Center, the White House NEW YORK • APRIL 16, 2002 “Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Afghanistan” Robert D. Kaplan PRESIDER: Rebecca K.C. Hersman Correspondent, Atlantic Monthly, and Author, WASHINGTON, D.C. • MAY 30, 2002 Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos “Term Member Dinner with Robert D. Kaplan” Lawrence H. Summers President, Harvard University PRESIDER: Thomas W. Lippman WASHINGTON, D.C. • APRIL 18, 2002 “Term Member Luncheon with Lawrence H. Summers” PRESIDER: Marne L. Levine Maurice R. Greenberg BOSTON • JUNE 12, 2002 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, American International Group, Inc.; Vice Chairman, Council on Amanda Jean Dory Foreign Relations Assistant Director for Strategy Development, “Term Member Leadership Seminar Office of the Secretary of Defense with Maurice R. Greenberg” Nicholas J. Rasmussen Director, Counterterrorism Policy, National Security PRESIDER: Andrew S. Gundlach Council NEW YORK • MAY 21, 2002 Alisa Stack-O’Connor Chris Brown Assistant for Special Operations Policy, U.S. Department Program Development Coordinator, U.S. Agency of Defense for International Development “DoD and the War on Terrorism: Organization and Strategy” PRESIDER: John Nicholas Dowling WASHINGTON, D.C. • JUNE 26, 2002

Term Member Roundtables Terrorism Roundtable Discussions in Response to 9/11 NEW YORK

Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: A View from the Next Generation NEW YORK

Investing in Microfinance: Opportunity Sharing NEW YORK

Financial Crises, the International Financial Architecture, and U.S. Foreign Policy Stephen M. Kellen and Speaker Edmund Stoiber, Minister-President of NEW YORK Bavaria; Chairman, Christian Social Union Party; Candidate, Chancellor of , at the April 11, 2002, Meeting, “Transatlantic Relations: Asia’s Role in the War on Global Terrorism Germany’s Position after September 11.” WASHINGTON, D.C.

30 Term Member Program

Speaker Peter Bakstansky, Senior Vice President, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Walid G. Chamoun, Christopher Bernard Howard, James L. Schoff, Richard Greco Jr., William F. Wechsler, and Stephen T. Ostrowski at the February 7, 2002, Term Member Trip to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

National Security: New Threats in a Changing World Colin L. Powell WASHINGTON, D.C. U.S. Secretary of State “A Term Member Conversation with Colin L. Powell” Preventing State Failure BOSTON PRESIDER: Richard D. Parsons NEW YORK • JUNE 10, 2002

Special Events Trips Annual Boston Term Member Fall Symposium Term Member Tour of Newly Commissioned Aegis Destroyer, USS Bulkeley Director, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, John F. NEW YORK • DECEMBER 6, 2001 Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University William L. Nash Term Member Trip to the Federal Reserve Bank Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Preventive Action, of New York Council on Foreign Relations NEW YORK • FEBRUARY 7, 2002 Andrew S. Natsios Administrator, U.S. Agency for International Term Member Trip to the Central Intelligence Agency Development WASHINGTON, D.C. • MAY 10, 2002 PRESIDER: Anne-Marie Slaughter BOSTON • OCTOBER 1, 2001 COSPONSORED WITH THE NATIONAL PROGRAM, COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, AND THE BELFER CENTER FOR SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, HARVARD UNIVERSITY

31 Studies Program

he Studies Department, the Council’s “,” adds value to the foreign policy debate primarily by conducting research on major U.S. foreign policy challenges. The Council’s Fellows have played a key role in the Council’s response to the September 11 Tterrorist attacks. Among their contributions: writing some 100 op-eds in major national and international newspapers; making more than 1,000 appearances as commentators on regional, national, and international television and radio shows; conducting a Sep- tember 11–related roundtable series; testifying before Congress; and briefing key gov- ernment officials, including members of President Bush’s inner circle. The Fellows also published some 10 books and 20 major articles in foreign policy journals. These books included Walter Russell Mead’s sweeping account of the roots of American foreign pol- icy, Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It Changed the World; Benn Steil, David Victor, and Richard Nelson’s seminal edited work on economic development, Technological Innovation and Economic Performance; and former chairman of the United Nations’ arms-inspection regime in Iraq Richard Butler’s impassioned proposal for new measures, Fatal Choice: Nuclear Weapons and the Illusion of Missile Defense.

Program Highlights

America’s Response to Terrorism Roundtable on Domestic and International Law and U.S. Foreign Policy Henry A. Kissinger Roundtable on Terrorism PROJECT DIRECTOR: Robert A. Malley, Adjunct Senior Fellow PROJECT DIRECTOR: Kenneth M. Pollack, Olin Senior Fellow and Director, National Security Studies Roundtable on the Middle East and Islam PROJECT DIRECTOR: Rachel Bronson, Olin Senior Fellow Roundtable on Homeland Security and Director, Middle East Studies PROJECT DIRECTOR: Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies Global Economics Roundtable PROJECT DIRECTOR: Caroline Atkinson, Adjunct Senior Roundtable on National Security: Fellow, International Economics Military Strategy and Options PROJECT DIRECTOR: Bernard E. Trainor, Adjunct Senior Fellow

32 Studies Program

Presider Rachel Bronson, Speaker Nicolas Bequelin, Human Rights in China, Speaker Gardner Bovingdon, Washington University, and Presider Elizabeth C. Economy at the February 11, 2002, Roundtable on the Middle East and Islam and James J. Shinn U.S.-Asia Update Roundtable, “China’s Islamic Opposition Post- 9/11: Evaluating the Threat.”

Council on Foreign Relations/Milbank Memorial Roundtable on Refugees and the Displaced Fund Roundtable on Health and U.S. Foreign Policy PROJECT DIRECTOR: Robert P. DeVecchi, Adjunct Senior PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jordan S. Kassalow, Adjunct Senior Fellow Fellow, Refugees and the Displaced Roundtable on NATO and Terrorism PROJECT DIRECTOR: Ronald D. Asmus, Senior Fellow and Director, Europe Studies Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies George F. Kennan Roundtable on Russia and Eurasia PROJECT DIRECTOR: Stephen R. Sestanovich, George F. Kennan Study Group on Appropriate Governance: Managing Senior Fellow for Russian and Eurasian Studies in the Age of Turbulence Roundtable Series on the Geoeconomics PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jagdish N. Bhagwati, André Meyer of Military Preparedness Senior Fellow, International Economics PROJECT DIRECTOR: Ann R. Markusen, Senior Fellow, CHAIR: W. Bowman Cutter, Warburg Pincus Industrial Policy Study Group on Building a Transatlantic Ad Hoc Roundtable on Afghanistan Securities Market PROJECT DIRECTOR: Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, PROJECT DIRECTOR: Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies International Economics CHAIR: Peter J. Wallison, American Enterprise Institute Roundtable on Russian Foreign Policy for Public Policy Research in the Wake of September 11 PROJECT DIRECTOR: Stephen R. Sestanovich, George F. Kennan Project on the Americanization of Finance Senior Fellow for Russian and Eurasian Studies PROJECT DIRECTOR: Roger M. Kubarych, Henry Kaufman COSPONSORED WITH THE HARRIMAN INSTITUTE Adjunct Senior Fellow in International Economics and Finance Roundtable on Women’s Human Rights and U.S. Interests Roundtable on Corporate Governance PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, Adjunct PROJECT DIRECTORS: James J. Shinn, Adjunct Senior Fellow Senior Fellow Peter A. Gourevitch, Harvard University CO-CHAIRS: Adele Simmons, Metropolis 2020 Jack L. Snyder, Columbia University

33 Studies Program

Center for Democracy and Free Markets Program Director: Morton H. Halperin Study Group on Democracy and Development PROJECT DIRECTORS: Morton H. Halperin, Senior Fellow and Director, U.S. Foreign Policy; Peace and Conflict Studies; and Center for Democracy and Free Markets Joe Siegle, Douglas Dillon Fellow Michael M. Weinstein, Paul A. Volcker Senior Fellow for International Jerome A. Cohen, Presider Maurice R. Greenberg, and James B. Heimowitz Jr. at the Economics and Director, Maurice R. September 10, 2001, James J. Shinn U.S.-Asia Update Roundtable, “An Afternoon Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Discussion with Donald Tsang, Chief Secretary for Administration, Special Studies Administrative Region.” COSPONSORED WITH THE MAURICE R. GREENBERG CENTER FOR GEOECONOMIC STUDIES

Roundtable on Development Roundtable on Democracy Promotion PROJECT DIRECTORS: Morton H. Halperin, Senior Fellow PROJECT DIRECTOR: Morton H. Halperin, Senior Fellow and and Director, U.S. Foreign Policy; Peace and Director, U.S. Foreign Policy; Peace and Conflict Conflict Studies; and Center for Democracy and Studies; and Center for Democracy and Free Markets Free Markets COSPONSORED WITH THE MAURICE R. GREENBERG CENTER FOR GEOECONOMIC STUDIES Michael M. Weinstein, Paul A. Volcker Senior Fellow for International Economics and Director, Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies Africa Mark Malloch Brown, U.N. Development Programme Africa Roundtable Series COSPONSORED WITH THE U.N. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PROJECT DIRECTOR: Gwendolyn Mikell, Senior Fellow, Africa Studies Roundtable on Corruption and Cronyism in Developing Countries Roundtable on Private Capital Flows PROJECT DIRECTOR: Joel Hellman, Adjunct Senior Fellow to Sub-Saharan Africa PROJECT DIRECTOR: Mahesh K. Kotecha, Adjunct Senior A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series Fellow PROJECT DIRECTOR: Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, CHAIR: Maurice Tempelsman, Leon Tempelsman & Son International Economics COSPONSORED WITH THE CORPORATE PROGRAM

C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series Asia on International Economics Program Director: Elizabeth C. Economy PROJECT DIRECTOR: Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Economics Study Group on China and the Environment COSPONSORED WITH THE CORPORATE PROGRAM PROJECT DIRECTOR: Elizabeth C. Economy, C.V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director, Asia Studies CHAIR: J. Stapleton Roy, Kissinger Associates, Inc.

34 Studies Program

James J. Shinn U.S.-Asia Update Roundtable Roundtable on in Europe PROJECT DIRECTOR: Elizabeth C. Economy, C.V. Starr PROJECT DIRECTOR: James M. Goldgeier, Adjunct Senior Senior Fellow and Director, Asia Studies Fellow Roundtable on Asia, the , Pieter A. Fisher European Studies Roundtable and U.S. Foreign Policy PROJECT DIRECTOR: Charles A. Kupchan, Whitney H. PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jerome A. Cohen, Adjunct Senior Shepardson Senior Fellow Fellow, Asia Studies Roundtable on Japan PROJECT DIRECTOR: Eugene A. Matthews, Senior Fellow, Latin America Asia Studies Program Director: Kenneth R. Maxwell Roundtable on Alternative Futures for Southern Asia Study Group on Brazil at 500 and U.S. Policy PROJECT DIRECTOR: Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and PROJECT DIRECTOR: Mahnaz Ispahani, Senior Fellow, South David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American and West Asia Studies and Director, Latin America Studies Study Group on U.S.-Latin America Relations PROJECT DIRECTOR: Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and Europe David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American Program Director: Ronald D. Asmus Studies and Director, Latin America Studies Study Group on U.S.-Russian Relations Latin America Roundtable PROJECT DIRECTOR: Stephen R. Sestanovich, PROJECT DIRECTORS: Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and George F. Kennan Senior Fellow for Russian David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American and Eurasian Studies Studies and Director, Latin America Studies Julia E. Sweig, Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Study Group on Overcoming Europe’s Divide: Latin America Studies NATO Enlargement and the Search for a New European Security Order Andean Roundtable PROJECT DIRECTOR: Ronald D. Asmus, Senior Fellow and PROJECT DIRECTOR: Julia E. Sweig, Senior Fellow and Director, Europe Studies Deputy Director, Latin America Studies

Participants at the April 4, 2002, Roundtable on Corporate Governance, “Conclusions and Recommendations.”

35 Studies Program

Presider Kenneth R. Maxwell, Speaker Joyce Chang, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., Speaker Felipe de la Balze, Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales, Speaker Rosendo Fraga, Centro de Estudios Unión para la Nueva Mayoría, and Speaker , American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, at the March 25, 2002, Chase Inter- American Issues Seminar and Latin America Roundtable, “The Crisis in .”

The Chase Manhattan Inter-American Middle East Roundtable Forthcoming Issues Series PROJECT DIRECTOR: Richard W. Murphy, Hasib J. Sabbagh PROJECT DIRECTOR: Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and Senior Fellow for the Middle East David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Director, Latin America Studies Middle East Forum PROJECT DIRECTOR: Judith Kipper, Director, Middle East Forum Energy Security Group Middle East PROJECT DIRECTOR: Judith Kipper, Director, Middle East Forum Program Director: Rachel Bronson Study Group on Middle East Trade Options STUDY DIRECTOR: Bernard Hoekman, World Bank PROJECT DIRECTOR: Henry Siegman, Senior Fellow and Director, U.S./Middle East Project CHAIR: Peter D. Sutherland, Goldman, Sachs & Company PROJECT COORDINATOR: Scott Lasensky, Fellow and Assistant Director, U.S./Middle East Project COSPONSORED WITH THE MAURICE R. GREENBERG CENTER FOR GEOECONOMIC STUDIES

U.S./Middle East Project Roundtable PROJECT DIRECTOR: Henry Siegman, Senior Fellow and Director, U.S./Middle East Project PROJECT COORDINATOR: Scott Lasensky, Fellow and Assistant Director, U.S./Middle East Speaker Barnett R. Rubin, , and Presider Lawrence J. Korb at the Project March 15, 2002, Ad Hoc Roundtable on Afghanistan, “The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the International System.”

36 Studies Program

National Security Program Director: Kenneth M. Pollack Study Group on Globalization and the Future of Border Control PROJECT DIRECTOR: Stephen E. Flynn, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow, National Security Studies John J. McCloy Roundtable on Setting the New National Security Agenda PROJECT DIRECTOR: Richard K. Betts, Adjunct Senior Fellow, National Security Studies

Peace and Conflict Program Director: Morton H. Halperin

Study Group on Refugee Policy Speaker Nader Naderi, International Human Rights Law Group, Presider Jennifer Seymour PROJECT DIRECTOR: Arthur C. Helton, Whitaker, and Speaker Sima Samar, Afghan Interim Authority, at the April 23, 2002, Senior Fellow, Refugee Studies and Roundtable on Women’s Human Rights and U.S. Interests and Middle East Forum, “Women Preventive Action in Afghanistan: Progress and Problems.” CHAIR: Stephen J. Friedman, Debevoise & Plimpton Roundtable on the World Summit U.N. Roundtable on Sustainable Development PROJECT DIRECTOR: Ruth Wedgwood, Senior Fellow, PROJECT DIRECTORS: David G. Victor, Adjunct Senior International Organizations and Law Fellow Jesse H. Ausubel, Rockefeller University Science and Technology Program Director: Richard L. Garwin U.S. Foreign Policy Study Group on Trade, Science, Program Director: Morton H. Halperin and Genetically Modified Foods Study Group on the History of U.S. Foreign Policy PROJECT DIRECTORS: David G. Victor, Adjunct Senior Fellow Phase II: With God on Our Side—American C. Ford Runge, University of Minnesota Apocalypse and the Mall at the End of the World CHAIR: David L. Aaron, Dorsey & Whitney PROJECT DIRECTOR: Walter Russell Mead, Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy Study Group on the Weaponization of Space PROJECT DIRECTORS: Richard L. Garwin, Philip D. Reed Roundtable on General Foreign Policy Topics Senior Fellow and Director, Science and Technology PROJECT DIRECTOR: Kiron K. Skinner, Adjunct Next Bruce M. DeBlois, Adjunct Senior Fellow Generation Fellow CHAIR: Richard V. Allen, Richard V. Allen Co.

37 Studies Program

Martin Anderson, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., and Presider Kiron K. Skinner at the March 7, 2002, Roundtable on General Foreign Policy Topics, “The Opening of the Archives of .”

Other Activities of 27 and 35. The fellowships seek to bridge the gap between thought and action in foreign policy by Community of Scholars Project supporting both a variety of policy studies and active PROJECT DIRECTOR: Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, exposure to policymaking. The distinctive character of Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies the program lies in the contrasting experiences it provides at the juncture of policy research and policy Global Kids Roundtable formulation. Thus, it encourages academics and others PROJECT DIRECTORS: Sandra Enimil, Research Associate, from the private sector to serve in a policy-oriented Africa Studies and Peace and Conflict Studies environment through operational experience in public Alicia Siebenaler, Assistant Director of Studies service. Conversely, it permits government officials on leave to study key issues in a scholarly atmosphere free Next Generation Fellow Roundtable from operational pressure. PROJECT DIRECTOR: Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, The International Affairs Fellowship in Japan, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies sponsored by Hitachi, Ltd., enables Fellows to expand CHAIR: Allan E. Goodman, Institute of International their intellectual and professional horizons by working and Education living in Japan. Fellowships are intended for American citizens between the ages of 27 and 45. The program seeks to cultivate American understanding of Japan and to strengthen communication between emerging leaders of International Affairs the two nations. For more information on the IAF Program, Fellowship Program contact Elise Carlson Lewis, Vice President of Membership and Fellowship Affairs. Now in its 35th year, the International Affairs Fellowship The Council also organizes roundtable meetings in (IAF) Program is designed to advance the professional Washington, D.C., and an annual conference in New York development of outstanding Americans between the ages featuring the current Council Fellows.

38 Studies Program

Council Military Fellows Christopher D. Miller (U.S. Air Force) and F. Jeffrey Niner (U.S. Navy), Intelligence Fellow Guillermo Christensen, and Council Military Fellows Philip C. Rudder (U.S. Marine Corps) and Robert L. McClure (U.S. Army) at the Council on Foreign Relations in the fall of 2001.

2002–2003 International Affairs Fellows Council Visiting Fellows Roundtable Series Molly M. Cochran, Georgia Institute of Technology Brooks B. Yeager Bathsheba N. Crocker, U.S. Department of State Vice President for Global Threats, World Wildlife Fund Sunil B. Desai, U.S. Marine Corps “Recent Trends Affecting U.S. Environmental Diplomacy” Amanda J. Dory, U.S. Department of Defense PRESIDER: Geoffrey D. Dabelko Konrad Huber, U.N. Children’s Fund OCTOBER 25, 2001 Dalia Dassa Kaye, George Washington University John F. Sigler Jennie M. Koch, U.S. Army Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy (Ret.) John A. Nagl, U.S. Army “The Middle East and South Asia: A Military Daniel B. Prieto III, ZG Ventures Perspective” William E. Rapp,* U.S. Army PRESIDER: Kenneth M. Pollack NOVEMBER 28, 2001 Michael Rubin, Washington Institute for Policy John E.D. Toth,* Tennyson West, LLC Charles E. Santos Richard R. Verma, Steptoe & Johnson, LLP Energy Consultant and Director, Foundation for Central Asian Development Isaiah Wilson, U.S. Army “Afghanistan: Federalist or Finished?” PRESIDER: Alton Frye *International Affairs Fellow in Japan, sponsored by Hitachi, Ltd. MARCH 19, 2002

39 New York Meetings Program

he New York Meetings Program provides members in New York with the opportunity to exchange ideas with influential world figures, new leaders on the international scene, policymakers and opinion shapers, and respected experts. Each year, the Council con- Tvenes over 100 programs including single-speaker events, debates, panels, “town hall” meetings, author interviews, videoconferences, and film screenings. This year, our pro- grams focused extensively on the implications of September 11 and the war on terror- ism for U.S. foreign policy. Meeting highlights included discussions with Pakistan’s President Pervez Musharraf, Chairman of the Afghan Interim Authority , Secretary of the Treasury Paul O’Neill, and former President , as well as expert panels examining homeland security, intelligence, the economic fallout of the ter- ror attacks, the roots of terrorism, and ramifications for defense spending.

Program Highlights

Milton Bearden “Terrorism: The Implications of the Attacks and Former Station Chief in Pakistan, Central Intelligence Where We Go from Here” Agency PRESIDER: Richard C. Holbrooke Stephen E. Flynn SEPTEMBER 17, 2001 Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Charles G. Boyd John C. Gannon Senior Vice President and Washington Program Director, Vice-Chairman, Intellibridge Corporation; former Deputy Council on Foreign Relations; General, U.S. Air Force (Ret.) Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency Barry R. McCaffrey Lawrence J. Korb Olin Distinguished Professor of National Security Studies, Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director U.S. Military Academy; General, U.S. Army (Ret.) of Studies, Council on Foreign Relations; former U.S. Bernard E. Trainor Assistant Secretary of Defense Adjunct Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations; Judith Miller Lt. General, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.) Senior Writer, New York Times “After the Attacks: Military Options” PRESIDER: William L. Nash SEPTEMBER 25, 2001

40 New York Meetings Program

Gail D. Fosler Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, The Conference Board Henry Kaufman President, Henry Kaufman & Company, Inc. Paul A. Volcker Former Chairman, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System “The Terrorist Attacks: The Economic Implications” PRESIDER: Peter G. Peterson OCTOBER 2, 2001

Richard N. Haass Director of Policy Planning, U.S. Department of State “The Bush Administration’s Response to Terrorism” PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb OCTOBER 15, 2001 Speaker Lawrence J. Korb, Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director of Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, Speaker Judith Miller, Senior Writer, New York Times, Speaker John C. Gannon, Executive Director, U.N. Children’s Fund former Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, Catherine Bertini Presider Richard C. Holbrooke, Speaker Milton Bearden, former CIA Station Chief in Pakistan, and Speaker Stephen E. Flynn, Senior Fellow, Executive Director, World Food Programme National Security Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, at the September 17, 2001, Town Hall Meeting, “Terrorism: The Implications of Director-General, World Health Organization the Attacks and Where We Go from Here.” Thoraya A. Obaid Executive Director, U.N. Population Fund High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations William Broad Science Writer, New York Times; co-author, Germs: Biological “Women in Leadership—Their Challenges in the Weapons and America’s War Developing World” Stephen Engelberg PRESIDER: Peggy Dulany Investigations Editor, New York Times; co-author, Germs: OCTOBER 18, 2001 Biological Weapons and America’s Secret War THE SORENSEN DISTINGUISHED LECTURE ON THE UNITED NATIONS Judith Miller Senior Writer, New York Times; co-author, Germs: Biological Ruud Lubbers Weapons and America’s Secret War High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations “Germs: Biological Weapons and America’s Secret War” “Meeting with Ruud Lubbers”* PRESIDER: Charlie Rose PRESIDER: Gillian Martin Sorensen OCTOBER 29, 2001 OCTOBER 19, 2001 Zeid Ra’ad Zeid Al-Hussein Joseph R. Biden Jr. Permanent Representative of Jordan to the United Nations Member, U.S. Senate (D-Del.) Ahmed Aboul Gheit “From Tragedy to Opportunity: Acting Wisely in an Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations Age of Uncertainty”* Jeremy Greenstock PRESIDER: Vin Weber Permanent Representative of the OCTOBER 22, 2001 to the United Nations

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

41 New York Meetings Program

Speaker Hamid Karzai, Chairman, Afghan Interim Authority, at the January 30, 2002, “Meeting Speaker , President of , at the with Hamid Karzai.” November 9, 2001, David A. Morse Lecture, “The Future of U.S.-Mexican Relations.”

“The Terrorist Attacks: Views from U.N. ”* PRESIDER: Frank G. Wisner II PRESIDER: William H. Luers NOVEMBER 13, 2001 OCTOBER 30, 2001 COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY

Stanley Fischer Shimon Peres Senior Adviser to the Managing Director, International Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister Monetary Fund of Israel “Globalization: Has Everything Changed?” “A Meeting with Shimon Peres”* PRESIDER: John A. Ross PRESIDER: Thomas R. Pickering NOVEMBER 6, 2001 NOVEMBER 15, 2001 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo President of the Vicente Fox “A Meeting with Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo”* PRESIDER: Nicholas Platt “The Future of U.S.-Mexican Relations” NOVEMBER 16, 2001 PRESIDER: Thomas F. McLarty III COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY NOVEMBER 9, 2001 THE DAVID A. MORSE LECTURE Jack Devine President, Arkin Group LLC; former Acting Director of Pervez Musharraf Operations, Central Intelligence Agency Chief Executive and President of Pakistan Richard Kerr “A Meeting with Pervez Musharraf”* Former Deputy Director, Central Intelligence Agency PRESIDER: Nicholas Platt Thomas Powers NOVEMBER 12, 2001 Author, The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY and the CIA “Central Intelligence: Retooling for a New Era?” Jaswant Singh PRESIDER: Vernon Loeb Minister of External Affairs, India NOVEMBER 26, 2001 “A Meeting with Jaswant Singh”*

42 New York Meetings Program

Thomas J. Biersteker Romano Prodi Director and Henry R. Luce Professor, Thomas J. Watson President, European Commission Jr. Institute for International Studies, Brown University “The Three Key Challenges Facing the European Stephen Kroll Union—The Reality of the Euro, Enlargement Special Counsel, U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, from the East, Institutional Reforms” Housing, and Urban Affairs William F. Wechsler PRESIDER: William J. McDonough JANUARY 11, 2002 Vice President, Greenwich Associates; former Special THE RUSSELL C. LEFFINGWELL LECTURE Adviser to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Department of the Treasury David R. Gergen Lee S. Wolosky Professor of Public Service, John F. Kennedy School of Adjunct Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Government, Harvard University; former Adviser to Studies; former Director, Transnational Threats, National Presidents Nixon, Ford, Reagan, and Clinton Security Council Michael D. McCurry “Draining the Swamp: Terrorists and Their Chairman and CEO, Grassroots Enterprise, Inc.; former Financial Assets” White House Press Secretary to President Clinton PRESIDER: Michael M. Weinstein Ronald Nessen DECEMBER 4, 2001 Vice President, Communications, ; former White House Press Secretary to President Ford Michael Scott Doran Assistant Professor, Near Eastern Studies, Princeton Political Columnist, USA Today; former to University President Carter Stephen E. Flynn “Presidential Communications in Times of Crisis” Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council PRESIDER: R. W. Apple Jr. on Foreign Relations JANUARY 15, 2002 Brian M. Jenkins Senior Adviser to the President, RAND Editor, Newsweek International “How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War” PRESIDER: DECEMBER 17, 2001 ANNUAL DAUGHTERS AND SONS EVENT

Ahmed Rashid Author, Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia “Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia” PRESIDER: Michael J. Elliott DECEMBER 19, 2001

Robert D. Kaplan Correspondent, Atlantic Monthly; author, Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos “Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos” Grace Vance, Nane Annan, Gillian Martin Sorensen, and Speaker Kofi PRESIDER: Garrick Utley Annan, Secretary-General, United Nations, at the March 6, 2002, Meeting, JANUARY 9, 2002 “Center for Preventive Action Special Event and Tribute to Cyrus R. Vance.”

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

43 New York Meetings Program

James K. Kallstrom Charles E. Schumer Director, New York State Office of Public Security, New Member, U.S. Senate (D-N.Y.) York State Executive Chamber “The World after September 11”* James Milton Loy PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard JANUARY 25, 2002 Doris Meissner Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Vern Clark Peace; former Commissioner, U.S. Immigration and Chief of Naval Operations, U.S. Navy Naturalization Service John P. Jumper “The Future of Homeland Defense” Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force PRESIDER: William H. Luers John M. Keane JANUARY 16, 2002 Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Michael Williams Leon S. Fuerth Assistant Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps Shapiro Professor of International Affairs, Elliot School “America’s Response to Terrorism: U.S. Defense Policy” of International Affairs, George Washington University; former National Security Adviser to Vice President PRESIDER: Walter S. Isaacson JANUARY 28, 2002 Richard N. Perle THE JOHN TRAIN LECTURE Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute for Public Hamid Karzai Policy Research; former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chairman, Afghan Interim Authority International Security Policy “Meeting with Hamid Karzai”* “Getting Saddam: A Debate” INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: Peter G. Peterson and PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb JANUARY 22, 2002 Robert E. Rubin HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES Q & A MODERATOR: Nancy E. Soderberg JANUARY 30, 2002 Raoul Peck COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY Director, Lumumba Brian Urquhart Former Undersecretary-General for Special Political Editorial Features Editor, Wall Street Journal Affairs, United Nations David Cole “Lumumba” Professor of Law, Law Center Morton H. Halperin PRESIDER: Henry Louis Gates Jr. Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Democracy and WELCOMING REMARKS: Jeffrey Bewkes Free Markets, Council on Foreign Relations JANUARY 24, 2002 George J. Terwilliger III HOME BOX OFFICE SCREENING Partner, White & Case

Presider Ashton B. Carter, Speaker William S. Cohen, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Cohen Group, Speaker Frank C. Carlucci, Chairman, , Speaker Caspar W. Weinberger, Chairman, Forbes Inc., and Speaker Harold Brown, Counselor, Center for Strategic and International Studies, at the April 3, 2002, Meeting, “Former U.S. Secretaries of Defense.”

44 New York Meetings Program

Speaker Carol Bellamy, Executive Director, U.N. Children’s Fund, Speaker Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General, World Health Organization, Presider Peggy Dulany, Speaker Mary Robinson, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights, Speaker Catherine Bertini, Executive Director, World Food Programme, and Speaker Thoraya A. Obaid, Executive Director, U.N. Population Fund, at the October 18, 2001, Sorensen Distinguished Lecture on the United Nations, “Women in Leadership— Their Challenges in the Developing World.”

“The Future of Civil Liberties” Jeane J. Kirkpatrick PRESIDER: Michael Kramer Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute for FEBRUARY 12, 2002 Public Policy Research; former U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations Al Gore Donald F. McHenry Former Vice President of the United States Distinguished Professor in of Diplomacy, “A Commentary on the War against Terror: School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University; Our Larger Tasks”* former U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations PRESIDER: Peter G. Peterson “Former U.S. Ambassadors to the United Nations” FEBRUARY 12, 2002 PRESIDER: John G. Ruggie John D. Negroponte FEBRUARY 28, 2002 U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES “U.S. Priorities at the United Nations: The Challenge Kofi Annan of Global Terrorism” Secretary-General, United Nations PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb “Center for Preventive Action Special Event and FEBRUARY 21, 2002 Tribute to Cyrus R. Vance”* THE LECTURE INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: Peter G. Peterson and Martin Indyk Leslie H. Gelb Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings Institution PRESIDER: John W. Vessey David Makovsky MARCH 6, 2002 Senior Fellow, Washington Institute for Near East Policy Paul H. O’Neill Director, Middle East Forum U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Shibley Telhami “A Meeting with Paul H. O’Neill” Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development, PRESIDER: Paul A. Volcker University of MARCH 13, 2002 “Middle East Update: Finding a Way to End a Conflict” C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb FEBRUARY 27, 2002 John M. Shalikashvili General, U.S. Army (Ret.); former Chairman of the Joint Richard C. Holbrooke Chiefs of Staff Vice Chairman, Perseus, LLC; former U.S. Permanent John W. Vessey Representative to the United Nations General, U.S. Army (Ret.); former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

45 New York Meetings Program

“Former Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff” PRESIDER: Warren B. Rudman MARCH 19, 2002 HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES

William C. Dudley Vice President and Senior Economist, Goldman, Sachs & Company John P. Lipsky Chief Economist and Managing Director, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Bruce Steinberg Chief Economist, Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. “World Economic Update” Speaker William Jefferson Clinton, 42nd President of the United States, PRESIDER: Daniel K. Tarullo at the June 17, 2002, Meeting, “Our Shared Future: Globalization in the , 2002 21st Century.” John Browne Group Chief Executive, BP p.l.c. William J. McDonough PRESIDER: Michael J. Elliott President and Chief Executive Officer, Federal Reserve APRIL 12, 2002 Bank of New York “Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy” Tom Brokaw Anchor and Managing Editor, NBC Nightly News PRESIDER: Daniel H. Yergin APRIL 2, 2002 “Reporting from Iraq” PRESIDER: James F. Hoge Jr. Harold Brown MAY 9, 2002 Counselor, Center for Strategic and International Studies; former U.S. Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel Frank C. Carlucci Member, U.S. Senate (R-Neb.) Chairman, The Carlyle Group; former U.S. Secretary of “Beyond the War on Terrorism: Next Steps Defense in U.S. Foreign Policy” William S. Cohen PRESIDER: William J. McDonough Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Cohen Group; MAY 20, 2002 former U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger William Jefferson Clinton Chairman, Forbes Inc.; former U.S. Secretary of Defense 42nd President of the United States of America “Former U.S. Secretaries of Defense” “Our Shared Future: Globalization PRESIDER: Ashton B. Carter in the 21st Century”* APRIL 3, 2002 PRESIDER: HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES Peter G. Peterson JUNE 17, 2002 Karen J. DeYoung Robert Skidelsky Associate Editor, Washington Post Author, John Maynard Keynes: Fighting for Freedom, Carla A. Robbins 1937–1946; Gold Medalist, 2002 Arthur Ross Book Award Diplomatic Correspondent, Wall Street Journal David E. Sanger “Arthur Ross Book Award” White House Correspondent, New York Times PRESIDER: Morton L. Janklow “Views from the Newsroom: Bush after One Year” INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: Leslie H. Gelb and Arthur Ross JUNE 25, 2002

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

46 Washington Program

he Washington Program brings members together with policymakers, diplomats, respected scholars, writers, journalists, and leaders from every region of the world. This year, the Council’s Washington Program convened over 120 meetings in formats Tranging from panel discussions to debates, town halls, and film screenings. Respond- ing rapidly to the tragedy of September 11, scores of programs were organized focus- ing on understanding its meaning for U.S. foreign policy and for American society. Our meeting highlights for the year included discussions with Vice President Dick Cheney; Afghanistan’s Foreign Minister Abdullah Abdullah; Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak; Senators Joseph Biden, Chuck Hagel, and Richard Lugar; former National Security Advisers , , and ; historian of Islam Karen Armstrong; noted writer Salman Rushdie; and the chairmen of the Commission on National Security/21st Century. The origins of terrorism, expanded homeland defense, the global economic fallout of terror, the U.S. defense budget, and many other related topics were examined by numerous panels of experts representing a wide vari- ety of experiences and perspectives.

Program Highlights

Morton H. Halperin Warren B. Rudman Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Democracy and Partner, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison; Free Markets, Council on Foreign Relations Commission Co-chair Newton L. Gingrich Syndicated Columnist Chief Executive Officer, Gingrich Group; Commission Jeffrey Smith Member Former General Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency Lee H. Hamilton “Attack Against America: How Should We Respond?” Director, International Center for Scholars; Commission Member PRESIDER: James R. Schlesinger SEPTEMBER 13, 2001 “U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century: After the Attack—A New Urgency” Gary Hart PRESIDER: Charles G. Boyd Of Counsel, Coudert Brothers; Commission Co-chair SEPTEMBER 14, 2001

47 Washington Program

Jessica P. Einhorn Former Managing Director, World Bank “The World Bank: Is It Time to Redefine Its Mission?” PRESIDER: Caroline Atkinson SEPTEMBER 17, 2001

Thomas E. Donilon Executive Vice President, Law and Policy, Fannie Mae Stephen E. Flynn Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on Foreign Relations John C. Gannon Vice Chairman, Intellibridge Corporation; former Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency Bernard E. Trainor Adjunct Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations; General, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.) Michael M. Weinstein Paul A. Volcker Senior Fellow for International Economics and Director, Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies, Council on Foreign Relations “Attack Against America: Our Next Steps” PRESIDER: Charles G. Boyd SEPTEMBER 20, 2001

Bandar bin Sultan Ambassador of to the United States “America’s Response to Terrorism: A Conversation with Prince Bandar” PRESIDER: Brent Scowcroft SEPTEMBER 27, 2001 Speaker Abdullah Abdullah, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Afghan Interim Authority, at the January 24, 2002, Meeting, “AConversation with Milton Bearden Abdullah Abdullah.” Former Station Chief in Pakistan, Central Intelligence Agency Karl F. Inderfurth Former Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian PRESIDER: C. Fred Bergsten OCTOBER 30, 2001 Affairs S. Fred Starr Vladimir Putin Chairman, Central Asia–Caucasus Institute, Paul H. Nitze President of the Russian Federation School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins NOVEMBER 13, 2001 University COSPONSORED WITH THE NIXON CENTER “After the Attacks: A Discussion of Post-Taliban Afghanistan” William Hartzog General, U.S. Army (Ret.) PRESIDER: Phyllis E. Oakley OCTOBER 22, 2001 Harry D. Train Admiral, U.S. Navy (Ret.) Robert B. Zoellick Michael E. Ryan U.S. Trade Representative General, U.S. Air Force (Ret.) “The WTO and a New Global Trade Round: Charles Wilhelm What’s at Stake?” General, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.)

48 Washington Program

“America’s Response to Terrorism: A Military War?” Jendayi Frazer PRESIDER: Rebecca J. Cooper Special Assistant to the President and Director of African NOVEMBER 15, 2001 Affairs, National Security Council Eddie Bernice Johnson Henry A. Kissinger Member, U.S. House of Representatives (D-Tex.) Chairman, Kissinger Associates; former U.S. Secretary of Donald M. Payne State Member, U.S. House of Representatives (D-N.J.) Charles G. Boyd “Premiere of Lumumba: Chronicling the Life of Congo’s Senior Vice President and Washington Program Director, First Prime Minister, Patrice Lumumba” Council on Foreign Relations; General, U.S. Air Force (Ret.) FEBRUARY 6, 2002 “Inauguration of the Henry A. Kissinger Chair” HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb DECEMBER 11, 2001 Michael Hayden Director, National Security Agency “Code Breaking in the 21st Century” Co-host, Crossfire PRESIDER: David Ensor Tamala Edwards FEBRUARY 6, 2002 White House Correspondent, ABC News Christopher N. Schroeder Dick Cheney Chief Executive Officer and Publisher, Vice President of the United States Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive “Launch of the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Jacob Weisberg Geoeconomic Studies” Chief Political Correspondent, Slate Magazine REMARKS: Peter G. Peterson “Twenty-First–Century Journalism: Is There a Future?” PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb PRESIDER: Frank W. Sesno FEBRUARY 15, 2002 DECEMBER 13, 2001 DAUGHTERS AND SONS EVENT Hosni Mubarak President of Egypt Leon S. Fuerth Shapiro Professor of International Affairs, Elliot School of “A Conversation with Hosni Mubarak” International Affairs, George Washington University; PRESIDER: Edward S. Walker Jr. former National Security Adviser to Vice President Al Gore MARCH 5, 2002 William Kristol COSPONSORED WITH THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE Editor, Weekly Standard “Iraq: Time for a New Policy?” PRESIDER: Fred Hiatt DECEMBER 17, 2001

Ahmed Rashid Author, Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia “Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia” PRESIDER: Michael J. Elliott DECEMBER 19, 2001

Abdullah Abdullah Minister of Foreign Affairs, Afghan Interim Authority “A Conversation with Abdullah Abdullah” Speaker Robert B. Zoellick, U.S. Trade Representative, at the October PRESIDER: Thomas E. Donilon 30, 2001, Meeting, “The WTO and a New Global Trade Round: What’s JANUARY 24, 2002 at Stake?”

49 Washington Program

Bob Woodward Assistant Managing Editor of Investigative News, Washington Post National Political Correspondent, Washington Post “Woodward and Balz Discuss Their Ten-Part Series Chronicling the Bush Administration’s Response to September 11” PRESIDER: Christopher N. Schroeder APRIL 8, 2002

George Robertson Secretary-General, NATO “NATO’s Future after September 11” PRESIDER: Richard G. Lugar APRIL 10, 2002

Martin Indyk Speaker Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt, at the March 5, 2002, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings Institution Meeting, “A Conversation with Hosni Mubarak.” Edward S. Walker Jr. President, Middle East Institute “The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Where Do We Go Zalmay M. Khalilzad from Here?” Special Presidential Envoy to Afghanistan and Senior PRESIDER: Director for Southwest Asia, Near East, and North Africa, APRIL 15, 2002 National Security Council “Regional Challenges and Threats: A National Hu Jintao Security Perspective” Vice President of the People’s Republic of China PRESIDER: Ellen Laipson “A Conversation with Hu Jintao” APRIL 4, 2002 PRESIDER: Carla A. Hills COSPONSORED WITH THE MIDDLE EAST FORUM MAY 1, 2002 COSPONSORED WITH THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS

Presider Richard G. Lugar and Speaker George Robertson, Secretary-General of NATO, at the April 10, 2002, Meeting, “NATO’s Future after September 11.”

50 Washington Program

Salman Rushdie Booker Prize winner; author “Religion and Terrorism” PRESIDER: MAY 2, 2002

Charles Duelfer Former Deputy Executive Chairman, UNSCOM Khidir Hamza Former Chief of Iraq’s nuclear weapons program; author, Saddam’s Bombmaker Richard Spertzel Former Chief, Biological Weapons Team, UNSCOM “Sending Inspectors to Iraq: If They Get In, What Can They Find?” PRESIDER: Kenneth M. Pollack Speaker Salman Rushdie, Booker Prize winner and Author, and Anne R. MAY 2, 2002 Luzzatto at the May 2, 2002, Meeting, “Religion and Terrorism.” COSPONSORED WITH THE MIDDLE EAST FORUM

Jack Valenti Former Special Assistant to President Lyndon Johnson Harry McPherson Samuel F. Berger Former Special Counsel to President Lyndon Johnson Chairman, Stonebridge International LLC William Knowlton Zbigniew Brzezinski General, U.S. Army (Ret.) Counselor, Center for Strategic and International Studies “Premiere of Path to War: Lyndon Johnson’s Brent Scowcroft President, Forum for International Policy Presidency during 1964–65, the Years of the Most Rapid Buildup of U.S. Troops in Vietnam” “Former National Security Advisers: What Should Be Our Overall Strategy in Dealing with PRESIDER: MAY 9, 2002 Terrorism?” HOME BOX OFFICE SERIES PRESIDER: Frank W. Sesno MAY 29, 2002 Richard N. Perle Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute Dov Zakheim for Public Policy Research; former Assistant Secretary Undersecretary, U.S. Department of Defense of Defense for International Security Policy “Current U.S. Defense Issues” Mark Medish PRESIDER: Bernard E. Trainor Former Senior Director for Russian, Ukrainian, and JUNE 6, 2002 Eurasian Affairs, National Security Council Philip K. Verleger Jr. BP Senior Fellow in International Economics, Council on Member, U.S. House of Representatives (R-Ill.); Foreign Relations Chairman, House International Relations Committee “Press Briefing on President Bush’s Summit with “Speaking to Our Silent Allies: The Role of Public Vladimir Putin” Diplomacy in U.S. Foreign Policy” PRESIDER: Stephen R. Sestanovich PRESIDER: James Sasser MAY 14, 2002 JUNE 17, 2002

51 National Program

he National Program provides a forum for members outside of New York and Wash- ington to discuss pressing foreign policy issues and contribute their knowledge to the Council’s research and publications. This year, the National Program focused on TAmerica’s response to terrorism through local roundtables built on the expertise of members and community leaders in key cities, including , Chicago, Dallas, Miami, San Francisco, and Seattle; foreign policy dinner seminars featuring Council senior fellows and their work; a biweekly conference call series, chaired by Council Executive Vice President Michael P. Peters; webcasts of general meetings, selectively cosponsored with and broadcast on CNN.com; and the annual National Conference in New York. National Conference participants discussed the progress and prospects of the war on terrorism with Deputy Secretary of Treasury Kenneth W. Dam, state and local leaders, noted U.S. and international scholars and journalists, and former high- level government officials and members of Congress.

Program Highlights

Gordon D. Giffin Atlanta Roundtable: Vice Chairman, Long, Aldridge & Norman; America’s Response to Terrorism former U.S. Ambassador to “The Future of North American Integration in the William E. Hoehn Jr. Visiting Professor, Sam Nunn School of International Wake of the Terrorist Attacks” Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology CHAIR: Robert A. Pastor John H. Kelly OCTOBER 17, 2001 President, John Kelly Consulting, Inc.; Perry M. Smith Ambassador-in-Residence, Sam Nunn School of President, Visionary Leadership International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology; former U.S. Ambassador to “Defense Options for America’s Extended War on “The Challenge of Terrorism” Terrorism” CHAIR: Peter Dexter Bell CHAIR: Michael J. Williams OCTOBER 1, 2001 NOVEMBER 16, 2001

52 National Program

Chicago Roundtable: America’s Response to Terrorism ALL MEETINGS COSPONSORED WITH THE CHICAGO COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Henry S. Bienen President, Michael H. Moskow President, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Mitchel B. Wallerstein Vice President, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Speaker John H. Kelly, President, John Kelly Consulting, and Chair Peter Dexter Bell at the October 1, 2001, Atlanta Roundtable: America’s “Aftermath of September 11: What’s New? Response to Terrorism, “The Challenge of Terrorism.” What’s Not?” CHAIRS: Marshall M. Bouton and Michael P. Peters NOVEMBER 20, 2001 Leslie H. Gelb President, Council on Foreign Relations Lawrence J. Korb Vice President, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, and Director “A Conversation with Les Gelb” of Studies, Council on Foreign Relations CHAIR: Peter Dexter Bell John J. Mearsheimer FEBRUARY 19, 2002 Professor, , Thurbert E. Baker “What Can or Should We Do about Iraq?” Attorney General, State of Georgia CHAIR: Mitchel B. Wallerstein “Protecting Civil Liberties in the War on Terrorism” FEBRUARY 21, 2002 CHAIR: Eason T. Jordan MARCH 13, 2002 Carrie R. Wickham Assistant Professor, Political Science, Emory University “Public Diplomacy in the Muslim World” CHAIR: John H. Kelly APRIL 17, 2002

Boston

David G. Victor Adjunct Senior Fellow, Science and Technology, Council on Foreign Relations; Director, Program on Energy and Sustainable Development, “Study Group on Technological Innovation and Economic Performance: Technological Innovation and National Power” CHAIR: Richard N. Foster Speaker Ronald D. Asmus, Senior Fellow and Director, Europe Studies, APRIL 23, 2002 Council on Foreign Relations, and Chair Henry S. Bienen at the COSPONSORED WITH THE BELFER CENTER FOR SCIENCE AND September 5, 2001, Study Group on Overcoming Europe’s Divide: INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT, NATO Enlargement and the Search for a New European Security HARVARD UNIVERSITY Order, “NATO Enlargement: Past, Present, and Future” in Chicago.

53 National Program

Michael P. Peters, Speaker B. B. Bell, Commanding General, III Corps and Fort Hood, U.S. Army, and Chair Lee Cullum at the May 17, 2002, Dallas Roundtable: America’s Response to Terrorism, “Today’s Army: Meeting the Contemporary Needs of the Nation?”

Robert P. DeVecchi Jennifer S. Holmes Adjunct Senior Fellow, Refugees and the Displaced, Assistant Professor, Government & Politics and Political Council on Foreign Relations Economy, University of , Dallas Judith Ann Mayotte “Terror and Turmoil in ” Professor and Woman’s Chair in Humanistic Studies, CHAIR: Lee Cullum Marquette University APRIL 24, 2002 “Rebuilding Afghanistan” CHAIR: Henry S. Bienen B. B. Bell MARCH 20, 2002 Commanding General, III Corps and Fort Hood, U.S. Army Marvin G. Weinbaum “Today’s Army: Meeting the Contemporary Needs Foreign Affairs Analyst, Bureau of Intelligence and of the Nation?” Research, U.S. Department of State; Professor Emeritus, CHAIR: University of , Urbana-Champaign Lee Cullum MAY 17, 2002 “Pakistan’s Commitment to the War on Terrorism” CHAIR: Marshall M. Bouton APRIL 22, 2002 /New York Malik Chaka Dallas Roundtable: Professional Staff Member, U.S. House Subcommittee on Africa America’s Response to Terrorism Donald R. Norland Former U.S. Ambassador to Botswana, Lesotho, and Oliver “Buck” Revell Swaziland Founder and President, Revell Group International, Inc. “America’s Response to Terrorism: “The Challenges of Countering Global Terrorism” Videoconferenced Africa Roundtable on CHAIR: Lee Cullum Managing Africa’s Oil Revenues in a Changing NOVEMBER 12, 2001 Global Climate” NEW YORK CHAIR: Gwendolyn Mikell Sumit Ganguly Professor, Asian Studies and Government, University of HOUSTON CHAIR: Joseph Barnes JANUARY 29, 2002 Texas, Austin COSPONSORED WITH THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC “South Asia Post-Taliban: Risks and Opportunities” POLICY, RICE UNIVERSITY CHAIR: Lee Cullum JANUARY 16, 2002

54 National Program

Speaker Michael Nacht, Dean and Professor, Richard & Goldman School of Public Policy, University of , Berkeley, Chair , Speaker Barry J. Eichengreen, George C. Pardee and Helen N. Pardee Professor of Economics and Professor of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, George W. Breslauer, Mason Willrich, and Gretchen Crosby Sims at the February 12, 2002, San Francisco Roundtable: America’s Response to Terrorism, “Aftermath of September 11: What’s New? What’s Not?”

Los Angeles San Francisco Roundtable: Walter Russell Mead America’s Response to Terrorism Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy, Council on Foreign Relations Barry J. Eichengreen “Los Angeles Study Group: With God on Our Side” George C. Pardee and Helen N. Pardee Professor of CHAIR: Robert J. Abernethy Economics and Professor of Political Science, University APRIL 22, 2002 of California, Berkeley Michael Nacht Dean and Professor, Richard & Rhoda Goldman School Miami Roundtable: of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley “Aftermath of September 11: What’s New? America’s Response to Terrorism What’s Not?” Leslie H. Gelb CHAIR: Peter Tarnoff President, Council on Foreign Relations FEBRUARY 12, 2002 “A Conversation with Les Gelb” Roger M. Kubarych CHAIR: Hodding Carter III Henry Kaufman Adjunct Senior Fellow in International HOST: Ambler H. Moss Jr. Economics and Finance, Council on Foreign Relations JANUARY 11, 2002 “Draining the Swamp: The Financial Dimension” Roger M. Kubarych CHAIR: Michael Nacht MARCH 25, 2002 Henry Kaufman Adjunct Senior Fellow in International Economics and Finance, Council on Foreign Relations Thomas J. Campbell Martin Schubert Professor of Law, Stanford University; former Member, Chairman, European InterAmerican Finance Corp. U.S. House of Representatives (R-Calif.) “Financial System under Stress” “Protecting Civil Liberties in the War on Terrorism” CHAIR: Hugh V. Simon Jr. CHAIR: Michael Nacht HOST: Ambler H. Moss Jr. APRIL 25, 2002 APRIL 30, 2002 COSPONSORED WITH THE DANTE B. FASCELL NORTH-SOUTH CENTER, Stephen E. Flynn UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on Foreign Relations “Securing the Homeland” CHAIR: Peter Tarnoff JUNE 19, 2002

55 National Program

President George W. Bush’s announcement of the creation of a Department of Homeland Security during the opening session of the June National Conference, “War on Terrorism: How Are We Doing? Where Are We Going?”

Elizabeth C. Economy Seattle Roundtable: Senior Fellow, China Studies, and Director, Asia Studies, America’s Response to Terrorism Council on Foreign Relations “Study Group on China and the Environment: Stephen E. Flynn Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow, National Security China in the Balance: Reforms, Resources, Studies, Council on Foreign Relations and Revolution” “A Road Map for Homeland Security” SAN FRANCISCO CHAIR: William K. Reilly DECEMBER 3, 2001 CHAIR: David K.Y. Tang JUNE 21, 2002 LOS ANGELES CHAIR: Mathew Scott Petersen DECEMBER 4, 2001 Michael Scott Doran Los Angeles and San Francisco Assistant Professor, Near Eastern Studies, ALL MEETINGS COSPONSORED WITH THE PACIFIC COUNCIL ON INTERNATIONAL POLICY Stephen E. Flynn Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on Edward L. Morse Foreign Relations Executive Adviser, Hess Energy Trading Company LLC; Brian M. Jenkins Chair, Independent Task Force on Strategic Energy Policy Senior Adviser to the President, RAND Philip K. Verleger Jr. (Los Angeles only) William J. Perry (San Francisco only) BP Senior Fellow in International Economics, Council on Senior Fellow and Michael and Foreign Relations; President, PKVerleger LLC; Member, Barbara Berberian Professor, Stanford University Independent Task Force on Strategic Energy Policy “America’s Response to Terrorism: Assault on “Independent Task Force on Strategic Energy Policy: America: Where Do We Go from Here?” Where Do We Go from Here?” CHAIR: James F. Hoge Jr. SAN FRANCISCO CHAIR: R. Sean Randolph JANUARY 9 AND 10, 2002 (SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES) OCTOBER 15, 2001 COSPONSORED WITH THE WORLD AFFAIRS COUNCIL OF NORTHERN LOS ANGELES CHAIR: John E. Bryson CALIFORNIA (SAN FRANCISCO) OCTOBER 16, 2001

56 National Program

William L. Nash Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Preventive Action, Council on Foreign Relations “Center for Preventive Action: Balkans 2010” LOS ANGELES CHAIR: Jane T. Olson MARCH 19, 2002 SAN FRANCISCO CHAIR: Jock Covey MARCH 20, 2002 Arthur C. Helton Senior Fellow, Refugee Studies and Preventive Action, Council on Foreign Presider Carla A. Hills, Speaker Frank G. Wisner II, Vice Chairman, External Affairs, Relations American International Group, Speaker Shibley Telhami, Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace “Study Group on Refugee Policy: The and Development, University of Maryland, and Speaker R. James Woolsey, Partner, Shea & Gardner, at the June National Conference, “War on Terrorism: How Are We Doing? Price of Indifference: Humanitarian Where Are We Going?” Action in Afghanistan and Beyond” SAN FRANCISCO CHAIR: William P. Fuller MAY 13, 2002 LOS ANGELES CHAIR: Patrick Fn’Piere MAY 14, 2002 Julia E. Sweig Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Latin America Studies, Council on Foreign Relations “Roundtable on Cuba and U.S.-Cuban Relations: Inside the : Understanding Castro” SAN FRANCISCO CHAIR: Mathea Falco JUNE 11, 2002 Presider Tom Brokaw, Speaker Laura D’Andrea Tyson, Dean, London Business School, Speaker John Shattuck, Chief Executive Officer, John F. Kennedy Library and Foundation, and Speaker , Associate Editor and Chief Foreign Correspondent, Washington Post, at the June National Conference, “War on Terrorism: How Are We Doing? Where Are We Going?”

Pacific Council on International Policy: Western Partner of the Council on Foreign Relations The Council on Foreign Relations continued to work with its western partner, the Pacific Council on International Policy (PCIP), to engage members on the West Coast in a debate on international affairs and foreign policy. The Council conducts dinner seminars featuring its senior fellows and their work in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle. These Council programs are augmented by a growing number of PCIP-organized meetings on the West Coast. As part of the partnership agreement, Council members are offered concurrent membership in the Pacific Council and are invited to participate in PCIP events. The Council makes this benefit possible by transferring a portion of its membership dues to the Pacific Council. To manage the partnership, Council Executive Vice President Michael P. Peters serves on the Pacific Council’s Board of Directors and Pacific Council President Abraham F. Lowenthal is a Vice President of the Council.

57 National Program

Presider Garrick Utley, Speaker Frank Libutti, Deputy Com- missioner, Counter-Terrorism, New York City Police Department, Speaker Stephen E. Flynn, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, and Speaker Edward P. Djerejian, Director, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, at the June National Conference, “War on Terrorism: How Are We Doing? Where Are We Going?”

Michael P. Peters, Irina A. Faskianos, and Leslie H. Gelb at the June National Conference, “War on Terrorism: How Are We Doing? Where Are We Going?”

SAN FRANCISCO CHAIR: Jane M. Multiple Cities NOVEMBER 6, 2001 Walter Russell Mead SEATTLE CHAIR: David K.Y. Tang Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy, Council NOVEMBER 7, 2001 on Foreign Relations COSPONSORED WITH THE PACIFIC COUNCIL ON INTERNATIONAL POLICY (LOS ANGELES, SAN FRANCISCO, SEATTLE) “Roundtable on Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It Changed the World” CHICAGO CHAIR: Geoffrey B. Shields NOVEMBER 27, 2001 HOUSTON CHAIR: Norman B. Frankel BOSTON CHAIR: OCTOBER 11, 2001 Ernest R. May NOVEMBER 29, 2001 COSPONSORED WITH THE HOUSTON COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS COSPONSORED WITH THE BELFER CENTER FOR SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT, LOS ANGELES CHAIR: Geoffrey Cowan HARVARD UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 5, 2001

58 Named Chairs, Fellowships, and Lectureships

Philip K. Verleger Jr., BP Senior Fellow in International Named Chairs and Fellowships Economics Jagdish N. Bhagwati, André Meyer Senior Fellow, Inter- national Economics Other Chairs and Fellowships Charles G. Boyd, Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in Maurice R. Greenberg Chair in China Studies National Security and European Affairs Bernard L. Schwartz Senior Fellow, Business and Rachel Bronson, Olin Senior Fellow and Director, Middle Foreign Policy East Studies Paul A. Volcker Chair in International Economics Celia Dugger, Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow Elizabeth C. Economy, C. V. Starr Senior Fellow and Direc- Special Fellowships tor, Asia Studies Next Generation Fellows Helena Kane Finn, Fellow in Diplomatic Studies The Next Generation Fellowship (NGF) Program nur- Stephen E. Flynn, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow, tures outstanding thinkers and writers from a variety of National Security Studies fields who have the potential to become foreign policy Richard L. Garwin, Philip D. Reed Senior Fellow, Science leaders. The program recruits individuals whose princi- and Technology pal mission will be frontier policy scholarship, leading to James F. Hoge Jr., Peter G. Peterson Chair, Editor, Foreign several major published articles or a book during the fel- Affairs lowship tenure. Most NGFs are in residence for two or Lawrence J. Korb, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair, Vice Presi- three years. Each year, one NGF who combines a keen dent, and Director of Studies understanding of economics with his or her cutting-edge Roger M. Kubarych, Henry Kaufman Adjunct Senior Fel- policy research is named the Dillon Fellow, in honor of low in International Economics and Finance former Council Vice Chairman Douglas Dillon. Charles A. Kupchan, Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow Kenneth R. Maxwell, Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior The Intelligence Fellowship Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Director, Latin This fellowship provides an opportunity for an outstanding America Studies person from the U.S. intelligence community on the cusp of Richard W. Murphy, Hasib J. Sabbagh Senior Fellow for the a senior position to expand his or her knowledge of inter- Middle East national relations through study, research and reflection, Kenneth M. Pollack, Olin Senior Fellow and Director, extensive participation in the Council’s program of meet- National Security Studies ings and study groups, and interaction with the Council’s Adam Segal, Olin Fellow diverse and knowledgeable members. Stephen R. Sestanovich, George F. Kennan Senior Fellow Military Fellowships for Russian and Eurasian Studies Each year, the chief of staff of each military service nominates Joe Siegle, Douglas Dillon Fellow an outstanding candidate for the Military Fellowships. The Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow, International Eco- fellowships enable officers to broaden their understanding nomics of international affairs and U.S. foreign policy by spending a

59 Named Chairs, Fellowships, and Lectureships year in residence at the Council. Fellows participate in Coun- Lectureships cil programs, including task forces, engage in research, and arrange several -military trips for Council members. The Russell C. Leffingwell Lecture The Leffingwell Lecture, inaugurated in 1969, was named Edward R. Murrow Fellowship for a charter member of the Council who served as its The Council offers a resident fellowship for a correspon- president from 1944 to 1946 and as its chairman from 1946 dent, editor, or producer involved with international to 1953. This lecture is given by a distinguished foreign news. Named in honor of Edward R. Murrow and official who is invited to address Council members on a funded by the CBS Foundation, the fellowship offers a topic of major international significance. The lectures are nine-month period for sustained study and writing, free made possible through the generosity of the Leffingwell from the pressures that characterize journalistic life. family and the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company. Whitney H. Shepardson Fellowship The David A. Morse Lecture The Shepardson Fellowship is periodically awarded to The David A. Morse Lecture, inaugurated in 1994, supports persons with experience and recognized professional an annual meeting and dinner with a distinguished stature in public or academic affairs related to interna- speaker. It honors the memory of David A. Morse, an active tional relations. A Shepardson Fellow is expected to Council on Foreign Relations member for nearly 30 years, a spend about a year affiliated with the Council, participat- , a public servant, and an internationalist. Morse lec- ing in Council programs while working on a book or turers are invited to focus on one of Morse’s many concerns, other significant publication on a major foreign policy which included North-South relations, human rights, inter- issue. national organizations and labor, conflict resolution, and Cyrus Vance Fellowship in Diplomatic Studies relations with Asia. The lecture program is funded by gifts The Vance Fellowship is offered to a Foreign Service Offi- from Council members and friends of the Morse family. cer chosen by a selection committee from candidates The David Rockefeller Lecture nominated by the U.S. Department of State. With time The David Rockefeller Lecture was endowed by the Rocke- away from the day-to-day pressures of diplomatic life, feller Foundation in 1985 for an annual African lecturer from the Vance Fellow spends about a year affiliated with the either the governmental or the nongovernmental sector. Council, reflecting on issues of foreign policy and partici- pating in Council programs. The Elihu Root Lecture The Elihu Root Lecture was inaugurated in 1958 to honor a founder of the Council on Foreign Relations who served Endowed and Specially Funded as its honorary president from 1921 to 1937. The Council Programs invites a distinguished American to reflect on his or her professional experience and how it applies to contempo- Chase Manhattan Inter-American Forthcoming Issues rary American foreign policymaking. Series Pieter A. Fisher Program, International Relations The Sorensen Distinguished Lecture Gulf Program, Middle East on the United Nations W. Averell Harriman Program, Europe The Sorensen Distinguished Lecture on the United Walter Hochschild Fund, International Economics Nations was established in 1996 by Theodore C. Sorensen A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series, Interna- to honor his wife, Gillian Martin Sorensen, and to com- tional Economics memorate her years of service to the United Nations. The Winston Lord Program, Asia Sorensen lecture is given by speakers intimately involved John J. McCloy Program, International Relations with the workings and issues of the United Nations. C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series on International The John Train Lecture Economics The John Train Lecture and dinner was established in James J. Shinn U.S.-Asia Update Roundtable 1997. Funded by Council member John Train, the series Thomas J. Watson Meetings Program, International focuses on new issues in military affairs and the future of Relations the U.S. military.

60 Corporate Program

s the Council’s primary point of contact with the private sector, this year the Cor- porate Program saw a surge of interest in its activities, especially following Sep- tember 11. The Corporate Program hosts over 70 events annually in New York and AWashington, including the C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series on Interna- tional Economics, the A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series, and an annual conference, and this year expanded its popular program of conference calls with Council Fellows and outside experts. With the inauguration of the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies and the new senior fellowship in busi- ness and foreign policy, issues of particular importance to the business and finan- cial communities will be increasingly prominent on the Council’s agenda.

Program Highlights

Gail D. Fosler Anne Kamsky Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Kamsky The Conference Board Associates, Inc. Henry Kaufman “Report from the Streets of Beijing and ” President, Henry Kaufman & Company, Inc. OCTOBER 30, 2001 Paul A. Volcker CONFERENCE CALL Former Chairman, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System Robert B. Zoellick “The Terrorist Attacks: The Economic Implications” U.S. Trade Representative PRESIDER: Peter G. Peterson “The WTO and a New Global Trade Round: What’s OCTOBER 2, 2001 at Stake?” PRESIDER: C. Fred Bergsten Arminio Fraga OCTOBER 30, 2001 Governor, Central Bank of Brazil WASHINGTON, D.C. “Brazil: An Update” Vicente Fox PRESIDER: Stephen Robert President of Mexico OCTOBER 22, 2001 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES “The Future of U.S.-Mexican Relations” ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS PRESIDER: Thomas F. McLarty III NOVEMBER 9, 2001 THE DAVID A. MORSE LECTURE

61 Corporate Program

Speaker Leo C. O’Neill, President, Standard & Poor’s, Presider George J.W. Goodman, and Speaker Maurice R. Greenberg, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, American International Group, and Vice Chairman, Council on Foreign Relations, at the January 8, 2002, A.T. Kearney Executive Roundtable Series, “Will the Administration’s Response to Terrorism Create Political Risk in the U.S. Economy?”

Pervez Musharraf Maurice R. Greenberg Chief Executive and President of Pakistan Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, American “A Meeting with Pervez Musharraf”* International Group; Vice Chairman, Council on Foreign Relations PRESIDER: Nicholas Platt NOVEMBER 12, 2001 Leo C. O’Neill COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY President, Standard & Poor’s “Will the Administration’s Response to Terrorism Jaswant Singh Create Political Risk in the U.S. Economy?” Minister of External Affairs, India PRESIDER: George J.W. Goodman “A Meeting with Jaswant Singh”* JANUARY 8, 2002 PRESIDER: Frank G. Wisner II A.T. KEARNEY EXECUTIVE ROUNDTABLE SERIES NOVEMBER 13, 2001 COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY Romano Prodi President, European Commission Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo “The Three Key Challenges Facing the European President of the Philippines Union—The Reality of the Euro, Enlargement “A Meeting with Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo”* from the East, Institutional Reforms” Presider: Nicholas Platt PRESIDER: William J. McDonough NOVEMBER 16, 2001 JANUARY 11, 2002 COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY THE RUSSELL C. LEFFINGWELL LECTURE

R. Glenn Hubbard Anne O. Krueger Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers First Deputy Managing Director, International “Trade and the American Economy: The Case for Monetary Fund Trade Promotion Authority” “Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism” PRESIDER: Louis Perlmutter PRESIDER: J. Tomilson Hill DECEMBER 3, 2001 JANUARY 29, 2002 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

*Meeting endowed by the Thomas J. Watson Foundation.

62 Corporate Program

David Kellogg, John H. Biggs, and Michael B.G. Froman at the May 17, 2002, C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series on International Economics, “Globalization and Its Discontents.”

Hamid Karzai Dick Cheney Chairman, Afghan Interim Authority Vice President of the United States “A Meeting with Hamid Karzai”* “Launch of the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: Peter G. Peterson and Geoeconomic Studies” Robert E. Rubin REMARKS: Peter G. Peterson Q & A MODERATOR: Nancy E. Soderberg PRESIDER: Leslie H. Gelb JANUARY 30, 2002 FEBRUARY 15, 2002 COSPONSORED WITH THE ASIA SOCIETY WASHINGTON, D.C.

Hosni Mubarak President of Egypt “A Conversation with Hosni Mubarak” PRESIDER: Edward S. Walker Jr. MARCH 5, 2002 WASHINGTON, D.C. COSPONSORED WITH THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE

Paul H. O’Neill U.S. Secretary of the Treasury “A Meeting with Paul H. O’Neill” PRESIDER: Paul A. Volcker MARCH 13, 2002 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

Eugene A. Matthews Senior Fellow, Asia Studies, Council on Foreign Relations “When Japan Sneezes, the Rest of Asia Gets a Cold: Is an Asian Financial Crisis Looming?” Dennis D. Dammerman and John W. Leslie Jr. at the May 31, 2002, MARCH 14, 2002 Meeting, “A Conversation with Les Gelb.” CONFERENCE CALL

63 Corporate Program

Mario Monti Commissioner, Competition Directorate General, European Commission “Competition and Governance of Globalization: Europe’s Contribution” PRESIDER: Steven L. Rattner APRIL 5, 2002 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

Rachel Bronson Olin Senior Fellow and Director, Middle East Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Daniel Pipes Director, Middle East Forum Henry Siegman Senior Fellow and Director, U.S./Middle East Project, Council on Foreign Relations “Town Hall Meeting: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict— Speaker Eddie George, Governor, Bank of , and Presider David Where Do We Go from Here?” H. Komansky at the April 22, 2002, C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series on International Economics, “‘Private-Sector Involvement’ (PSI) PRESIDER: Winston Lord and Sovereign Debt Crisis.” APRIL 8, 2002 Eddie George Governor, John Browne “‘Private-Sector Involvement’ (PSI) and Sovereign Debt Group Chief Executive, BP p.l.c. Crisis” William J. McDonough President and Chief Executive Officer, Federal Reserve PRESIDER: David H. Komansky Bank of New York APRIL 22, 2002 C. PETER MCCOLOUGH ROUNDTABLE SERIES “Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Economy” PRESIDER: Daniel H. Yergin APRIL 2, 2002

64 Corporate Program

Corporate Membership

Corporate Benefactors UBS PaineWebber, Inc. Boston Properties ABC, Inc. UBS Warburg Bramwell Capital Management, Inc. AEA Investors Inc. Verizon Communications Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. American Express Company Veronis, Suhler & Associates, Inc. CDC IXIS , Inc. American International Group, Inc. Vivendi Universal S.A. Centurion Investment Group, LP AOL Time Warner Inc. Weber Shandwick Worldwide The Charles Schwab Corporation Aramco Services Company White & Case CIBC World Markets Corp. Archer Daniels Midland Company Wyoming Investment Corporation Cisneros Group of Companies A.T. Kearney, Inc. Xerox Corporation Claremont Capital Corporation AT&T Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton Banco Mercantil C.A., S.A.C.A. Corporate Members The CNA Corporation Banco Santander Central Hispano Access Industries Inc. The Coca-Cola Company Barclays Capital , Inc. The Consulate General of Japan Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc. Alleghany Corporation Covington & Burling BP p.l.c. Allen & Company Incorporated Craig Drill Capital Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Allen & Overy Credit Lyonnais Securities (USA) Inc. Caxton Corporation Alliance Capital Management Credit Suisse First Boston ChevronTexaco Corporation Amerada Hess Corporation Corporation American Re Corporation Davis Polk & Wardwell Corning Incorporated AMR Corporation Debevoise & Plimpton Deutsche Bank AG Apax Partners, Inc. Deere & Company Eni S.p.A. Apple Core Hotels Deloitte & Touche LLP Exxon Mobil Corporation ARAMARK Corporation Deutsche Asset Management Federal Express Corporation Archipelago Holdings LLC Directorship Fischer Francis Trees & Watts Arnhold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc. The Walt Disney Company Guardsmark, Inc. Arnold & Porter The William H. Donner Foundation, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Arrow Electronics, Inc. Inc. Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. Arthur Andersen Dresdner Bank AG Lockheed Martin Corporation Avaya Inc. Ehrenkranz & Ehrenkranz LLP Loral Space & Communications BAE Systems Equinox Management Partners, LP McKinsey & Company, Inc. Baker Capital Corp. Ernst & Young LLP Metropolitan Life Insurance Baker & Hostetler LLP Estee Lauder Companies Company The Baldwin-Gottschalk Group Fairfax Inc. Morgan Stanley Banca di Roma Fiat USA, Inc. Nike, Inc. Banca d’Italia FleetBoston Financial Pfizer, Inc. Bank Audi (USA) Foamex International Inc. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Bank of America Ford Motor Company Prudential Financial The Bank of New York French-American Chamber of Sandalwood Securities, Inc. Barst & Mukamal Commerce Shell Oil Company BDO Siedman, LLP Furman Selz Capital Management Corporation of America The Blackstone Group LLC Standard Chartered Bank Bloomberg Financial Markets Galt Industries TIAA-CREF BNP Paribas Gavin Anderson & Company Toyota Motor North America, Inc. The Boeing Company General Atlantic Partners, LLC

65 Corporate Program

General Electric Company Merck & Co., Inc. Sidley Austin Brown & Wood, LLP Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett GlaxoSmithKline Mine Safety Appliances Company Soros Fund Management Goldman, Sachs & Co. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP Southern California Edison Grey Global Group Inc. Multilateral Funding International Company Hitachi Ltd. New York Life International, Inc. Standard & Poor’s IBM Corporation Nomura Research Institute America Starwood Hotels & Resorts Ingersoll-Rand Company Occidental Petroleum Corporation Worldwide, Inc. Institute of International Bankers The Olayan Group State Street Bank and Trust Intellispace Oxford Analytica Inc. Company Intracom S.A. PanAmSat Corporation W.P. Stewart & Co., Inc. Japan Bank for International Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Sullivan & Cromwell Cooperation Garrison Sumitomo Corporation of America JETRO New York Pepsico, Inc. Tiedemann Investment Group Johnson & Johnson Peter Kimmelman Asset TRW, Inc. Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue Management, LLC Tudor Investment Corporation KPMG LLP Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation Turkish Industrialists’ and Lazard Frères & Co. LLC POSCO America Corporation Businessmen’s Association Lehman Brothers Rothschild North America, Inc. United Technologies John A. Levin & Co., Inc. The Royal Bank of Scotland Warburg Pincus LLC Lucent Technologies Inc. The Royce Funds Watson Wyatt & Company M&A Group RWS Energy Services, Inc. Weil, Gotshal & Manges Mark Partners Saber Partners Westar Energy, Inc. Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. Salomon Smith Barney Inc. Western Union Financial Services Marubeni America Corporation Sara Lee Corporation International Marvin & Palmer Associates, Inc. Schlumberger Limited Young & Rubicam Inc. Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw J. & W. Seligman & Co., Inc. Zephyr Management, LP MBIA Insurance Corporation SG Cowen Securities Corporation Medley Global Advisors Shearman & Sterling

66 Communications

The Communications Department played a critical role in In a further effort to provide reliable information in trou- the aftermath of September 11 by helping journalists around bled times, the Council produced a new website—www.ter- the world make sense of the issues and implications of the rorismanswers.com—the nation’s first online encyclopedia war on terrorism. Following the attacks, the department of terrorism. The site was featured by and linked to top news immediately added a terrorism resource center to its newly organizations such as CNN.com, Washingtonpost.com, launched website, which was nominated this year for a AOL, Newsweek.com, Slate, and many others, and just five “Webby” award, the online industry’s highest accolade. months after launch our audience was viewing more than Council Fellows granted more than 1,000 television, half a million content pages per month. radio, and print interviews and contributed dozens of op- Having tapped into a clear public need for reliable and eds to leading international newspapers and magazines. As accessible information, the Communications Department is a result, the Council was ranked fourth—up two spots from expanding its web presence to appeal to a broader audience last year—out of hundreds of nonprofit organizations for and make the Council truly the go-to source for foreign pol- media mentions post–September 11. icy information and analysis.

67 Publications

One way the Council advances its mission—to promote con- to September 11 and the war on terrorism, with some star- structive discussion, clarify world issues, and provide expert tling perspectives from , , , , and else- analysis—is by publishing books, independent task force where. The full text of current and past issues is available, reports, and other publications produced by the Studies Pro- along with all Council publications, on the Council’s website gram and its Fellows. This year the Council’s contributions (www.cfr.org). included Arthur Helton’s The Price of Indifference: Refugees and Humanitarian Action in the New Century (Oxford University Books by Council on Foreign Relations Fellows Press), Walter Russell Mead’s Special Providence: American For- • Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and eign Policy and How It Changed the World (Knopf), and the For- Peace, by Richard K. Betts, editor. Longman, 2d edition (2001). eign Affairs editors’ acclaimed response to September 11, How • Fatal Choice: Nuclear Weapons and the Illusion of Missile Defense, Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War (PublicAffairs). by Richard Butler. Westview Press (2001). Independent task force reports on North Korea, energy, and • How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War, by James trade policy offered the administration viable solutions to real- F. Hoge Jr. and Gideon Rose, editors. A Council on Foreign world problems, and each reflected a meaningful consensus Relations Book. PublicAffairs (2001). on key policy issues through private and nonpartisan deliber- • Inside the Cuban Revolution, by Julia E. Sweig. Harvard Uni- ations. Council papers on genetically modified foods and the versity Press (2002). framework for establishing trade in the Middle East antici- • Megawatts and Megatons: A Turning Point in the Nuclear Age, pated important policy debates. by Richard L. Garwin and Georges Charpak. Knopf (2001). The Council also contributed to the understanding of ter- • Power in Transition: The Peaceful Change of International rorism with Correspondence: An International Review of Culture Order, by Charles A. Kupchan, Emmanuel Adler, Jean- and Society. This semiannual publication featured articles on Marc Coicaud, and Yuen Foong Khong. United Nations what the U.S. media missed in covering the world’s response Publications (2001).

68 Publications

• Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It • Building Support for More Open Trade. Kenneth M. Duberstein Changed the World, by Walter Russell Mead. A Council on and Robert E. Rubin, co-chairs; Timothy F. Geithner, project Foreign Relations Book. Knopf (2001). director (2001). • Stress Testing the System: Simulating the Global Consequences • Strategic Energy Policy Update. Edward L. Morse, chair; of the Next Financial Crisis, by Roger M. Kubarych. A Coun- Amy Myers Jaffe, project director. Cosponsored with the cil on Foreign Relations Book. Council on Foreign Rela- James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy (2001). tions Press (2001). • Testing North Korea: The Next Stage in U.S. and ROK Policy. • Technological Innovation and Economic Performance, by Benn Morton I. Abramowitz and James T. Laney, co-chairs; Robert Steil, David G. Victor, and Richard R. Nelson, editors. A A. Manning, project director (2001). Council on Foreign Relations Book. Princeton University Press (2002). Council Papers • The Key to My Neighbor’s House: Seeking Justice in Bosnia and • Democratizing U.S. Trade Policy, by Bruce Stokes and Pat Rwanda, by Elizabeth Neuffer. Picador USA (2001). Choate (2001). • The Price of Indifference: Refugees and Humanitarian Action in • Harnessing Trade for Development and Growth in the Middle the New Century, by Arthur C. Helton. A Council on For- East, by Bernard Hoekman and Patrick Messerlin (2002). eign Relations Book. (2002). • Sustaining a Revolution: A Policy Strategy for Crop Engineering, • The Real and the Ideal: Essays on International Relations in by David G. Victor and C. Ford Runge (2002). Honor of Richard H. Ullman, by Anthony Lake and David Ochmanek, editors. A Council on Foreign Relations Book. Council Policy Initiative Rowman and Littlefield (2001). • Reshaping America’s Defenses: Four Alternatives. Lawrence J. • Toward an Understanding of Russia: New European Perspec- Korb, project director (e-book, 2002). tives, by Janusz Bugajski, editor, with Marek Michalewski. A Council on Foreign Relations Book. Council on Foreign Relations Press (2002). All Council on Foreign Relations books, CPIs, and inde- pendent task force reports are marketed and distributed by Independent Task Force Reports the Brookings Institution Press. To order, please call 1-800- • Beginning the Journey: China, the United States, and the WTO. 275-1447. These and other Council publications are also Robert D. Hormats, chair; Elizabeth C. Economy and available on the Council’s website at www.cfr.org. Kevin G. Nealer, project directors (2001).

69 Development

n the wake of September 11, the Council appealed to members, foundations, and corpo- rations to support its efforts to produce problem-solving ideas and information to help our country and the world in a timely, relevant, and useful way. The response was both prompt Iand significant—generous gifts and grants enabled the Council to move quickly to expand its key programs and launch new initiatives. New and ongoing support provided financial backing for our other work as well, which has resulted in policy-oriented studies, meetings, and publications on a variety of topics that matter greatly over the long run. The Council is deeply grateful to all donors and volunteers whose support made this possible.

The Annual Fund

Each year members contribute to annual giving—the Independence Fund—over and above membership dues. The unrestricted dollars from annual giving pro- vide a critical piece of the Council’s overall funding, helping to support key programming and annual oper- ating expenses. This year 1,626 members (approxi- mately 41 percent of the membership) gave $3,184,880, the highest Annual Fund revenues ever recorded. Sixty- one members increased their gifts through corporate or foundation matching gift programs. The Harold Pratt Associates (HPAs), who give $10,000 or more each year, grew to 156 members, of whom 34 gave at the $25,000+ Chairman’s Circle level. Efforts to increase the number of HPAs were aided by volunteers from the Council’s Corporate Affairs and Development Committee. The Washington Program Committee led an effort to increase annual giving by Washington members. Term member giving rose to 41 percent of term members par- ticipating. Juju Chang and Daniel Prieto cosigned an Harold Pratt Associates Edward Bleier, Sherman R. Lewis Jr., and Daniel Rose at the July 10, 2002, Meeting, “New York’s Olympic Plan.” appeal letter to their colleagues, and a large team of vol- unteers made follow-up calls. Donors to the Annual Fund are listed on pages 73–79.

70 Development

Term Grants, Endowment, Restricted, and Special Gifts

America's Response to Terrorism off civil or ethnic crises before they explode into violence. Supporters of September 11-related programs at the It benefited from grants by Council on Foreign Relations, including an Independent Joachim Gfoeller Jr. Task Force on Terrorism and an online encyclopedia of The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation terrorism, the Terrorism Q&A website: International Security Programs Anonymous (2) Ford Foundation Carnegie Corporation of New York Guardsmark, Inc. Home Box Office The Next Generation Fellows Program The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Markle Foundation John M. Olin Foundation PaineWebber Foundation State of Congressional Roundtable Program William Rosenwald Family Fund American Express Foundation Arthur Ross Foundation The Horace W Goldsmith Foundation Malcolm Hewitt Wiener Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Michel Zaleski The Pew Charitable Trusts The Starr Foundation The Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies Studies Projects The center, established with major endowment gifts from Kathleen B. Allaire David Rockefeller and the Starr Foundation, seeks to Stanley S. Arkin bridge the gap between economics and foreign policy, Henry H. Arnhold national security and other subjects (science and technol­ Carnegie Corporation of New York ogy, environment, refugees, etc.)- Its mission is twofold: to Ronnie C. Chan conduct policy-related research and to help train the next Robert J. Chaves generation of foreign policy experts. This year, a number Kimball C. Chen of ongoing grants supported the work of individual fel­ Martha L. Dinerstein lows at the center: Janice Reals EUig Embassy of the United States of America to BP International Ltd. Ann F. Fippinger The Patrick A. Gerschel Foundation Ford Foundation Henry & Elaine Kaufman Foundation The Freedom Forum Bernard & Irene Schwartz Foundation Victor K. Fung Center for Democracy and Free Markets German Marshall Fund of the United States Jean Minskoff Grant The center studies the economic, political, and social John H. Gutfreund issues related to promoting democracy and development Paula K. Hawkins in countries that have chosen the democratic path. The Howard Gilman Foundation International Securities Market Association The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Japan Atomic Industrial Forum Open Society Institute Joselow Foundation Rockefeller Brothers Fund Ronald S. Lauder Lockheed Martin Corporation Center for Preventive Action (CPA) The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation The CPA seeks concrete, hardheaded incentives to head Jean M. Martin

•*V 71 Development

Jane E. McCarthy Morgan Stanley & Co. Mission of the United States of America to NATO Kenneth A. Moskow Open Society Institute Oppenheimer Funds Inc. Marnie S. Pillsbury Pfizer International Inc. Ramac Corporation David B. Rivkin Jr. Robert Rosenkranz George R. Salem Susan Rotenstreich Theodore C. Sorensen Rothschild Inc. John Train Denise Saul U.S.-Saudi Arabian Business Council James J. Shinn Smith Richardson Foundation Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Chair Maurice Tempelsman in National Security Studies Tinker Foundation The Council established a new endowed chair in national C.C. Tung security studies named in honor of Jeane J. Kirkpatrick United States Institute of Peace and generously funded by: Susan Waterfall Dwayne and Inez Andreas Woodcock P. Foundation William A.M. Burden Charitable Lead Trust U.S.-Middle East Project Estate of Caryl P. Haskins Fouad M.T Alghanim Estate of John B. Hurford BP p.l.c. Estate of Henrietta E.S. Lockwood on behalf of Lester Crown and the Arie and Ida Crown Memorial John E. Lockwood Simpson Thacher & Bartlett ENI S.p.A. Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. Arthur Ross Book Award Hamza Al-Kholi A new annual book prize has been established at the Council Nemir A. Kirdar endowed by the Arthur Ross Foundation to recognize a non- Robert K. Lifton fiction work that has made an outstanding contribution to the Yosef A. Maiman understanding of foreign policy or international relations. Fouad Makhzoumi and the Future Millennium Foundation Other Endowed Programs and Chairs Pepsi-Cola International Herschelle S. Challenor Louis Perlmutter John F. Crawford Robert L. Rosen Lawrence C. McQuade Hasib J. Sabbagh David Rockefeller Mohammed Jassem Al-Sager The Starr Foundation Vivendi Universal SA. Task Forces Other Special Gifts Rohit M. Desai Helena Franklin BGM Kumar Foundation The Freedom Forum Ford Foundation Sasakawa Peace Foundation Arthur Ross Foundation Dorothy Meadow Sobol Suntory Foundation Stephen M. Kellen Term Member Program Anna-Maria & Stephen Kellen Foundation Gifts-in-Kind The Council is grateful to Louis V. Gerstner Jr. and IBM New York and Washington Meetings Programs Corporation for a new IBM Netfinity server and consult­ American Institute for Foreign Study Foundation ing services, Richard N. Foster and McKinsey and Com­ Cambridge Energy Research Associates, Inc. pany for consulting services, and Robert C. Waggoner for Manchester Trade Ltd. Burrelle's Clipping Service.

72 Development

Annual Giving Donors

Chairman's Harold Pratt Peter M. Gottsegen Robert E. Rubin Patrons Michael D. Granoff John T. Ryan III Circle Associates ($5,000-$9,999) Evan G. Greenberg Douglas E. Schoen ($25,000+) ($10,000-$24,999) Jeffrey W. Greenberg Michael Peter Schulhof Anonymous (2) Anonymous Anonymous Martin J. Gross James J. Shinn Wilder K. Abbott Robert John Abernethy Odeh F. Aburdene Mimi L. Haas Walter V Shipley Woodrow Ahn Paul A. Allaire Allen R. Adler Peter E. Haas Alan M. Silberstein M. Bernard Aidinoff Terry Lynn Andreas David Altshuler Sidney Harman Peter J. Solomon Harold Brown Stanley S. Arkin Henry H. Arnhold James A. Harmon Maurice Sonnenberg John E. Bryson Roone Arledge Elizabeth Frawley James W. Harpel Paul Soros Frank C. Carlucci Patrick M. Byrne Bagley John G. Heimann Jerry I. Speyer Jonathan A. Chanis Henry Cornell Laurence M. Band J. Tomilson Hill David F. Stein Jonathan L. Cohen Robin Chandler Duke Alan R. Batkin Carla A. Hills Walter P. Stern Theodore Cross Jeffrey Epstein Robert A. Belfer Frank W. Hoch Deborah F. and Kenneth M. Duberstein Bart Friedman Robert F. Erburu Austin M. Beutner Richard C. Holbrooke Ned B. Stiles Joachim Gfoeller Jr. Alexander T. Ercklentz Jeffrey Bewkes Ta-Lin Hsu Howard Maurice R. Greenberg Paul J. Fribourg Kenneth J. Bialkin Robert J. Hurst Stephen Claar Swid The Marc Haas Fredrica S. Friedman John H. Biggs Yves-Andre Istel Stephen J. Treadway Stephen J. Friedman Foundation John P. Birkelund Morton L. Janklow Enzo Viscusi Peter A. Georgescu Ray R. Irani Edward Bleier Alan Kent Jones Paul A. Volcker Guido Goldman Robert Wood Johnson Denis A. Bovin Virginia Ann Kamsky Robert C. Waggoner Bill Green Jr. Charitable Trust Christopher W. Brody Gilbert E. Kaplan John L. Weinberg Theresa A. Havell Henry R. Kravis James E. Burke Farooq Kathwari Stanley A. Weiss Melvin L. Heineman Leonard A. Lauder Robert Carswell Henry Kaufman John C. Whitehead Robert D. Hormats Gerald M. Levin Frank J. Caufield Charles Robert Kaye Anita Volz Wien Nancy A. Jarvis Raymond Donald Robert J. Chaves Stephen M. Kellen James D. Wolfensohn Philip C. Lauinger Jr. Nasher Patricia M. Cloherty James V. Kimsey I. Peter Wolff David A. Laventhol Peter G. Peterson Howard E. Cox Jr. John A. Levin Ward W. Woods Reynold Levy (New York Lester Crown Sherman R. Lewis Jr. Guy Patrick John P. Lipsky Community Trust) W. Bowman Cutter Kenneth Lipper Wyser-Pratte Bette Bao Lord Lionel I. Pincus Jack David Brian C. Lippey George H. Young III Winston Lord Lester Pollack Kim Gordon Davis Vincent A. Mai William D. Zabel John W. Madigan David Rockefeller Lynn Forester de Donald B. Marron Michel Zaleski Jan Nicholson Felix G. Rohatyn Rothschild Carl B. Menges Ezra K. Zilkha Ronald L. Olson E. John Rosenwald Jr. The Dillon Fund John Merow James D. Zirin Albert V. Ravenholt Nina Rosenwald James Dimon Ken Miller Mortimer B. Nicholas Rockefeller Richard E. Salomon William H. Donaldson Open Society Institute Zuckerman Peter M. Sacerdote Sitrick Charles William Karen Parker Feld Henry B. Schacht The Starr Foundation Duncan Jr. Alan Joel Patricof Joan E. Spero Kenneth I. Starr Richard N. Foster Thomas L. Pulling Carl Spielvogel Laurence Alan Tisch Stephen C. Freidheim Steven L. Rattner and Anthony P. Terracciano Malcolm Hewitt Stephen Friedman Maureen White Lee B. Thomas Jr. Wiener Foundation Richard S. Fuld Jr. Stephen Robert Richard Allen Voell Robert G. Wilmers Gail Furman John J. Roberts Frederick B. Bruce S. Gelb Theodore Roosevelt IV Richard L. Gelb Daniel Rose Whittemore Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Robert Rosenkranz William J. Williams Jr. Albert H. Gordon Arthur Ross

73 Development

Sponsors D. Ronald Daniel Frank A. Godchaux III Thomas F. Kranz Nancy S. Newcomb Ralph Parsons Richard K. Goeltz Jay L. Kriegel Priscilla A. Newman ($l,000-$4,999) Davidson William T. Golden Brett B. Lambert Quigg Newton Anonymous Drew Saunders Days in Harrison J. Goldin James T. Laney Edward N. Ney A. Robert Abboud George de Menil Jeffrey A. Goldstein Mildred Robbins Leet Nancy Stephenson Lois Pattison de Menil Roy M. Goodman Susan B. Levine Nichols Graham T. Allison Eli Whitney Jamie S. Gorelick Glen S. Lewy Rodney W. Nichols Richard C. Allison Debevoise II Donald P. Gregg John H. Lichtblau A. Kenneth Nilsson M. Michael Ansour Barbara Knowles Debs Henry A. Grunwald Nancy A. Lieberman Philip A. Odeen C. Michael Armstrong Richard A. Debs John H. Gutfreund Jan M. Lodal Morris W Offit John E. Avery Robert E. Denham John H.J. Guth William Lucy Lyndon L. Olson Jr. Peter Bakstansky Patricia Murphy Joseph A. Hafner Jr. James T. Lynn James W. Owens Carter F. Bales Derian C. Barrows Hall Gary E. MacDougal Stephen Alan Oxman Thomas Corcoran Barry Kenneth T. Derr Edward K. Hamilton Margaret E. Mahoney Carter W Page Gregory R. Bedrosian John Deutch William B. Harrison Jr. Richard Mallery Bruce Lawrence Simon Michael Bessie Robert L. Alexandre P. Hayek Lewis Manilow Paisner Henry S. Bienen Dilenschneider Charles A. Heimbold Jr. David I. Margolis Victor H. Palmieri James Henry Binger Robert C. Dinerstein Frederick Heldring Tom F. Marsh Stewart J. Paperin Nicholas Burns Binkley William H. Draper III David W. Heleniak Brian Pierre Mathis Michael Christopher Richard C. Blum Joseph D. Duffey John B. Hess Jay Mazur Parks W. Michael Blumenthal John C. Duncan Matthew Todd Hobart Barry R. McCaffrey Richard D. Parsons Andy S. Bodea Patrick Andrew A. Michael Hoffman Sean Daniel McDevitt Howard G. Paster John A. Bohn Dunigan Karen N. Horn Alonzo L. McDonald Ernest T. Patrikis Carter Booth Jessica P. Einhorn James R. Houghton William J. McDonough Judith K. Paulus Kenneth D. Brody Robert J. Einhorn Roy M. Huffington Patricia Ann McFate Norman Pearlstine Richard P. Brown Jr. Inger McCabe Elliott Timothy A. Hultquist Cappy R. McGarr Joseph R. Perella David S. Browning Philip M. Huyck Donald F McHenry David Perez Philip Caldwell L. Brooks Entwistle Joel Z. Hyatt Thomas F. McLarty III Jane Cahill Pfeiffer Juan Carlos Cappello Robert E. Fallon Allen I. Hyman Sheila Avrin McLean Leon K. Pfeiffer Hodding Carter Martin S. Feldstein John E. Jacob Robert S. McNamara John J. Phelan Jr. James H. Carter James L. Ferguson Merit E. Janow Dana G. Mead David L. Phillips Elliot R. Cattarulla Suzanne R. Ferlic Robert D. Joffe Zoltan Merszei Harvey Picker Henry E. Catto Geraldine A. Ferraro James A. Johnson Ricardo A. Mestres Jr. Thomas R. Pickering Joyce Chang Antonio Luis Ferre L. Oakley Johnson Edward C. Meyer Charles M. Pigott Hart Fessenden Thomas S. Johnson J. Irwin Miller Nicholas Piatt Teresa H. Clarke Eugene V. Fife Wyatt Thomas Johnson Daniel R. Mintz Peter G. Plaut Betsy Cohen Peter Flaherty Thomas V. Jones Alexander V. Mishkin Jonathan Plutzik Jerome Alan Cohen Harry L. Freeman Thomas W Jones George J. Mitchell Richard W Pogue Jonathan E. Colby Richard A. Freytag Peter Martin Joost John J. Moore Jr. Anne B. Popkin Johnnetta B. Cole David Fromkin Vernon E. Jordan Jr. Richard M. Moose Robert C. Pozen Isobel Coleman Ann M. Fudge Helene L. Kaplan Edward L. Morse Robert Price Jill M. Considine Richard M. Furlaud Peter Bicknell Kellner David H. Mortimer Charles O. Prince III George Crile III Orit B. Gadiesh Donald M. Kendall Robert A. Mosbacher Allen E. Puckett Lee Cullum James R. Gaines Sukhan Kim Michael H. Moskow Susan Kaufman Nelson W. Sergio J. Galvis Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Craig James Mundie Purcell Leslie H. Gelb Henry A. Kissinger Winthrop R. Munyan Cunningham Leonard V. Quigley Michael E. Gellert Roger C. Kline Ewell E. Murphy Jr. Walter J.R Curley Jr. Alan H. Rappaport James Henry Giffen Lawrence J. Korb Thomas S. Murphy Brian D. Dailey Richard Ravitch Peter Gleysteen John C. Kornblum Toby S. Myerson Kenneth W. Dam William Michael Frederick W. Gluck C. Douglas Kranwinkle Raffiq A. Nathoo Marcia Wachs Dam Reisman

74 Development

Milbrey Rennie David K.Y. Tang Bruce D. Berkowitz Peter H.B. Robert Huntington Stanley R. Resor Harold Tanner Robert L. Bernstein Frelinghuysen Knight Donald S. Rice TDA Capital Susan Vail Berresford Thomas L. Friedman Mahesh K. Kotecha Joseph A. Rice Partners, Inc. Peter J. Beshar Michael B.G. Froman Nancy Jo Kuenstner Brian Allen Rich Maurice Tempelsman George C. Biddle Alton Frye Geraldine S. Kunstadter Robert S. Rifkind G. Richard Thoman Robert Jay Blendon Pamela B. Gann John D. Langlois Michael L. Riordan Louisa Thoron Jo Ivey Boufford Marlen Garcia Paul A. Laudicina Charles S. Robb Maynard J. Toll Jr. Kay Boulware-Miller Richard N. Gardner Ned C. Lautenbach Joseph E. Robert Jr. Edward Hallam Tuck John Brademas Philomene A. Gates Steven Lazarus James D. Robinson III William J. vanden Marcus W. Brauchli Jackson B. Gilbert Roger S. Leeds John H. Roney Heuvel Henry R. Breck David Ginsburg John F Lehman Elihu Rose John W. Vessey Andrew F Brimmer Charles N. Goldman Richard C. Leone Robert L. Rosen Edward H. Vick Rosa Ehrenreich Brooks Victor Gotbaum Marc Levinson A. M. Rosenthal Stephen R. Volk William J. Butler Henry Franklin Graff W. Walker Lewis Robert S. Ross Marshall I. Wais Jr. F Gregory Campbell Robert D. Graff Jonathan S. Linen Charles O. Rossotti John L. Walker Sarah C. Carey Thomas Graham Jr. David F. Linowes Warren B. Rudman David C. Chang Stephen A. Grant Tamara Lipper Arthur E Ryan Bruce Wasserstein Juju Chang Carl J. Green Monica C. Lozano Barry A. Sanders Frank A. Weil Paula H.J. Andrew S. Gundlach Bruce K. MacLaury Diane Sawyer Jasper A. Welch Jr. Cholmondeley Najeeb E. Halaby Michael Mandelbaum Thomas Schick Anne Wexler Jack G. Clarke John P. Hall J. Eugene Marans Arthur Schneier Marina V.N. Whitman Donald K. Clifford Jr. Kathryn Walt Hall Murrey Marder Brian T. Schreiber Robert E. Wilhelm Charles E. Cobb Jr. Ann O. Hamilton Andrew W. Marshall Stephen A. Don M. Wilson III Lewis W. Coleman Ellen Hancock Leo S. Martinuzzi Jr. Scott M. Hand William B. Matteson Schwarzman Herbert S. Winokur Jr. Philip E. Comstock Jr. Robert S. Hatfield Michael M. May Herbert M. Shayne Milton A. Wolf Jill Conway Richard Helms Paul W. McCracken George P. Shultz Jacob Worenklein John F. Cooke Arthur C. Helton Jennifer A. McFarlane Ron Silver William H. Wright II William H. Courtney Heather Richardson David T. McLaughlin Adele Simmons Andrew Young Barbara Crossette Walter Russell Mead David R. Slade Nancy Young William J. Crowe Higgins Sharon I. Meers Jean Kennedy Smith Richard A. Yudkin Daniel Lester Cruise Robert F. Higgins Eric D.K. Melby Richard M. Smith Brian R. Zipp William H. Danforth Warren M. Hoge Judy Hendren Mello Richard E. Snyder Robert P. DeVecchi Dwight F Holloway Jr. John R. Menke Dorothy Meadow Diana Lady Dougan Richard C. Hottelet Donors John A. Millington Robert R. Douglass Gary C. Hufbauer Sobol Sherwood G. Moe ($500-$999) Richard A. Drucker Alberto Ibarguen H. Marshall Sonenshine Walter Thomas Molano James H. Duffy Mel M. Immergut Gillian Martin Morton I. Abramowitz Ambler H. Moss Jr. Philip A. Dur Karl F Inderfurth Sorensen Fouad Ajami David C. Mulford Albert I. Edelman Bobby R. Inman Theodore C. Sorensen Craig B. Anderson George B. Munroe James Reed Ellis Maxine Isaacs Michael I. Sovern Paul F. Anderson William F. Murdy Mathea Falco Steven L. Isenberg Scott M. Spangler Michael H. Armacost Richard W. Murphy Martin Fischer Nancie S. Johnson Elliot Stein Kenneth H. Bacon Allen E. Murray Julie Ann Fisher Robert P. Kadlec Joshua L. Steiner Carol Baldwin Moody Janice L. Murray Shepard L. Forman Mark N. Kaplan David J. Stern Charles F Barber Jay H. Newman Charles C. Foster Andrew R. Kassoy Donald M. Stewart William G. Bardel Arminio Fraga Neto Daniel Roger Katz Gordon C. Stewart Louis Begley William A. Nitze William Emery Paul X. Kelley Gina E. Sullivan Nicholas F. Beim Marcus Noland Martha Neff Kessler Gordon R. Sullivan Joshua A. Berger Franklin William Clinton Olson Robert M. Kimmitt Brandon W. Sweitzer Marilyn Berger Wayne Fredericks Norman J. Ornstein Paul Tagliabue C. Fred Bergsten Cyrus F Freidheim Melanie M. Kirkpatrick

75 Development

Patrick J. O'Rourke Thomas C. Theobald Carole Artigiani Linda Parrish Brady Terrence J. Checki John E. Osborn Franklin A. Thomas Alfred L. Atherton Jr. Nicholas F. Brady Stephen A. Cheney Hannah C. Pakula Audrey Ronning J. Brian Atwood S. Marjorie Ann Chorlins Herbert Pardes Topping Jesse H. Ausubel David Braunschvig Thomas J. Christensen Federico F. Pena Seymour Topping Patrick G. Awuah Jr. George William Jeffrey L. Cimbalo Charles H. Percy Russell E. Train M. Delal Baer Breslauer Peter A. Clement Joseph F. Peyronnin Eugene P. Trani Charles F. Baird John J. Bresnan Harlan Steve R. Pieczenik Elizabeth G. Tsehai Zoe Baird Raymond L. Barbara S. Cochran Arturo C. Porzecanski J. Michael Turner John R. Baker Brittenham C. Shelby Coffey III Colin L. Powell Garrick Utley Pauline H. Baker Harvey Brooks Joseph I. Coffey Philip H. Power Harold E. Varmus Sherman Baldwin Charles N. Brower Herman J. Cohen Simon Ramo Alberto Vitale Kenneth Balick Carroll Brown Elizabeth L. Colagiuri Clyde E. Rankin III Jay M. Vogelson Gerald L. Baliles Frederic J. Brown Julius E. Coles Kristin Denise Carl E. Vuono Erica Jean L. Carl Brown Frances D. Cook Rechberger William F. Wechsler Barks-Ruggles Phoebe W. Brown Gary M. Cook Rozanne L. Ridgway Clifton R. Wharton Jr. Harry G. Barnes Jr. Robert S. Browne Goodwin Cooke Nayla M. Rizk Elie Wiesel Timothy J. Bartlett Judith Bruce Charles A. Cooper Barbara Paul Robinson Melvin F. Williams Jr. Francis Keith Bassolino Ian Joseph Brzezinski Suzanne Cott David Rockefeller Jr. Alan Wm. Wolff Carol Edler Baumann Thomas Buergenthal Elizabeth M. Cousens Riordan Roett Minky Worden Perry S. Bechky Deborah K. Burand Margaret E. Crahan Peter R. Rosenblatt Linda Tsao Yang David Z. Beckler William A. Burck Adelaide McGuinn Patricia L. Rosenfield Michael B. Yanney Richard E. Beeman Christina Duffy Burnett Cromwell Stanley Owen Roth Daniel H. Yergin Thomas C. Beierle Patrick Owen Burns Lester M. Crystal Arthur Mark Rubin Edgar B. Young Burwell B. Bell Robert C. Bush Jr. Maryann K. Cusimano Paul M. Sacks Kimberly Marten Mack Bell Rolland H. Bushner Love Robert A. Scalapino Zisk Steve Bell John C. Bussey Kenneth A. Cutshaw Herbert S. Schlosser Esther T. Benjamin Ralph Buultjens Geoffrey D. Dabelko Benno Schmidt Jr. Lucy Wilson Benson Louis W. Cabot Dorinda G. Dallmeyer Kurt L. Schmoke Contributors Douglas K. Bereuter T. Calabia James E. Dalton Ivan Selin (Up to $499) Pamela B. Berkowsky Daniel Calingaert Lori Fisler Damrosch Frank W. Sesno Thomas M. Callaghy Anonymous John E. Berndt Peggy Dasilva Donna E. Shalala Robert J. Callander C. Spencer Abbot Peter W. Bernstein Kathryn W Davis Kevin P. Sheehan David Patrick Calleo Rawi Abdelal Scott D. Berrie Nathaniel Davis Stanley K. Sheinbaum Carolyn Margaret Michael H. Alderman Jan Berris Marion M. Dawson Eleanor B. Sheldon George H. Aldrich Richard K. Betts George H. Shenk Campbell Carr Robert J. Alexander John C. Beyer C. J. Silas Colin G. Campbell Arnaud de Borchgrave Lew Allen Jr. Kian Beyzavi Richard N. Sinkin David A. Caputo Joy A. de Menil Michael A. Almond John C. Bierley Patricia T. Smalley Lisa M. Caputo Edwin A. Deagle Jr. Jose E. Alvarez Eugene A. Birnbaum John Carey Jonathan Dean Clint N. Smith Joseph E. Black Deborah Susan Amos William D. Carmichael F. Amanda DeBusk Helena Stalson Robert O. Blake Harold W. Andersen Charles William Alfred C. DeCrane Jr. Angela Evelyn Stent Stephen Blank Lisa Anderson Carson Jr. Roxanne J. Decyk Alfred C. Stepan Alan S. Blinder Robert Anthoine Barry E. Carter Ralston H. Jeffrey Stern Frederick M. Bohen Nancy A. Aossey Richard Edward Deffenbaugh Jr. James W. Stevens Avis T. Bohlen Shellye L. Archambeau Cavanagh Brewster C. Denny Robert S. Strauss Landrum R. Boiling Tomas A. Arciniega Ray Charles Cave David B.H. Denoon James S. Sutterlin Andrea Bonime-Blanc Lloyd Armstrong Jr. Walid Georges Phil E. DePoy Eric P. Swenson David L. Boren Jonathan David Chamoun James V. Derrick Jr. Scott L. Swid Marshall M. Bouton Aronson Cory Charles I.M. Destler Peter Tarnoff Robert R. Bowie Fabiola R. Arredondo Robert Chartener Philip J. Deutch

76 Development

M. Colette Devine Lawrence S. James M. Goldgeier Daniel P. Henninger Larry D. Johnson Joan Didion Finkelstein Marshall I. Goldman Alan K. Henrikson Robert H. Johnson William Diebold Jr. Paul B. Finney Merle D. Goldman Roy A. Herberger Jr. Willene A. Johnson Paula J. Dobriansky Edwin B. Firmage Rebecca K.C. Hersman Benjamin Felt Jones Justin W. Doebele Robert S. Goldsmith Frederic P. Herter David C. Jones David J. Doerge Sarah A.W. Fitts David L. Goldwyn Arthur Hertzberg James R. Jones Norman Dorsen Lauri J. Fitz-Pegado PaulD.Golob Charles M. Herzfeld Jeffrey B. Jones Amanda Jean Dory Stephanie H. Flanders George J.W. Goodman Sylvia Ann Hewlett Amos A. Jordan Grant R. Doty George J. Flynn Andrew J. Goodpaster Joseph C. Hill Geri M. Joseph William Drayton Ronald F. Fogleman Lincoln Gordon Sonja Hillgren Kenneth I. Juster Richard Lee Drobnick S. R. Foley Jr. Joseph T. Gorman Ruth Hinerfeld Miranda M. Kaiser Pamela Druckerman William Fulbright Foote Peter G. Gould Rachel Hines Bernard Kalb Althea L. Duersten Gerald R. Ford Stephen R. Grand Deane R. Hinton Kempton Dunn Brenda Lei Foster R. Scott Greathead Jim Hoagland C. S. Eliot Kang Patrick J. Durkin Donald T. Fox Joseph N. Greene Jr. Amoretta M. Hoeber Donald B. Easum Joseph Carrere Fox G. Jonathan Greenwald Malcolm I. Hoenlein Susan L. Karamanian Randolph P. Eddy III Brian L. Frank Hugh D.S. Greenway Auren Hoffman Marian Wright Isaiah Frank Louisa Coan Greve Bruce Hoffman Jordan S. Kassalow Edelman Myra M. Frazier Julie Grimes Waldorf Stanley Hoffmann Allen H. Kassof Robert H. Edwards Ladeene A. Freimuth Brandon H. Grove Jr. George Roberts Hoguet Abraham Katz Karl Eikenberry Edward R. Fried Edwin O. Guthman Mary Elizabeth Stanley N. Katz Daniel J. Kaufman Hermann Frederick Alexander Stephen Bernard M. Gwertzman Hoinkes Lynn E. Haaland Kira Kay Eilts Friedman John L. Holden Robert D. Haas Carl Kaysen Stuart E. Eizenstat Benjamin M. Friedman Henry Allen Holmes Richard N. Haass Juliette N. Kayyem Patricia Ellis Kathryn S. Fuller Pat M. Holt Alexander M. Haig Jr. Farhad Kazemi Ainslie T. Embree William P. Fuller John D. Holum Roya Hakakian Charlotte G. Kea Richard D. Erb Mark T. Fung Gary N. Horlick Paul Hallingby Jr. Thomas H. Kean Claude E. Erbsen Peter W. Galbraith Alan W. Horton Ted Halstead Barbara L. Kellerman Susan G. Esserman Robert L. Gallucci Bradley C. Hosmer Hugh Gerard David Kellogg Robert H. Estabrook John R. Galvin Amory Houghton Jr. John H. Kelly Daniel C. Esty Sandra Galvis Hamilton Jr. A.E. Dick Howard Peter B. Kenen Richard M. Charles S. Ganoe Larry Hanauer Christopher Bernard Ann Zwicker Kerr Toby Trister Gati Stephen Handelman Howard Fairbanks III W. Carl Kester Catherine Gay Herbert J. Hansell Lee W. Huebner David M. Fairman Peter Kezirian Inge Gedo Carl Thor Hanson Duane L. Hughes J. Rodney Faraon Neeraj L. Khemlani Philip O. Geier Evie Hantzopoulos Lynn N. Hughes Evelyn N. Farkas Henry L. King Peter F. Geithner Conrad K. Harper R. Maggie M. Farley Kay King Burton L. Gerber Todd Christopher Hart Ellen H. Hume Irina A. Faskianos Judith Kipper Louis Gerber Arthur A. Hartman David S. Huntington Ava S. Feiner Stephen D. Kiser Ralph J. Gerson John H.F. Haskell Jr. J. C. Hurewitz Samuel H. Feist Karin L. Kizer Tatiana C. Gfoeller John Resor Hauge Sol Hurwitz Daniel F. Feldman David Klein Loren Ghiglione William Locke Hauser Robert S. Ingersoll Michael R. Fenzel Edward Klein Samuel L. Ginn Lukas Harrison Haynes David Wallace Irwin Frank E. Ferrari William Allen Maurice A. Ferre Robert R. Glauber Thomas B. Hayward Iselin Russell Hunt Fifield William H. Gleysteen Jr. Charles B. Heck Sarah Jackson Knowlton Maria C. Figueroa Norma Globerman Harry Leonard Francis J. James Jennie M. Koch Carol Gluck Kiipcu Heintzen Alpheus W. Jessup George Kolt Jeffrey Scott Glueck Barbara D. Finberg Dennis J. Hejlik Howard W. Johnson Andrzej Korbonski Robert F. Goheen Seymour Maxwell Robert C. Helander Jeh Charles Johnson Jessica Korn Ronnie L. Goldberg Finger Richard M. Heller Karen H. Johnson Louis Kraar

77 Development

Roger M. Kubarych James G Lowenstein David A. Merkel Joseph A. O'Hare Lucian W. Pye Vinca LaFleur Abraham F. Lowenthal George Rich Metcalf L. Jay Oliva Anthony C.E. Quainton Mark P. Lagon James Milton Loy Harold J. Meyerman John R. Opel John Raisian Betty Goetz Lall Edward C. Luck Michael F. Lilia L. Ramirez Denis Lamb Wendy W. Luers Elizabeth Midgley Oppenheimer R. Sean Randolph Lansing Lamont William H. Luers Judith B. Milestone Robert C. Orr Robin Lynn Raphel Virginia A. Lampley Jane Holl Lute Benjamin R. Miller Christian Ostermarm J. Thomas Ratchford David M. Lampton Princeton N. Lyman Charles R. Miller F. Taylor Ostrander Jack Raymond Jim Alfred Lande Richard W. Lyman Bradford Mills Stephen T. Ostrowski Charles E. Redman Lauren R. Landis Thomas F. Lynch III Susan Linda Mills William A. Owens Charles B. Reed Charles M. Lane James E. Lyons Frank J. Mirkow Mark Palmer William Sears Reese George D. Langdon Jr. Richard Kent Lyons George D. Moffett Matthew A. Palmer Saskia S. Reilly Joseph LaPalombara Charles Frederick Walter F. Mondale April Palmerlee John E. Reinhardt Nicholas R. Lardy MacCormack William S. Moody Farah Anwar Pandith Jehuda Reinharz Charles R. Larson William B. Macomber John Norton Moore Elizabeth Rindskopf Mitchell B. Reiss Jonathan Lash Robert M. Macy Jr. Julia A. Moore Parker Elizabeth J. Remick David C. Leavy Thomas H. Mahoney IV Theodore H. Moran Gerald L. Parsky Renate Rennie Ernest S. Lee Charles S. Maier Lloyd N. Morrisett Juliette M. Carolyn Ann Reynolds John Foster Leich Christopher J. Makins Kenneth P. Morse Passer-Muslin John B. Rhinelander Marc E. Leland David E. Mark Michael David Parag Patel John H.Rich Jr. J. Stuart Lemle Hans M. Mark Mosettig Hugh T. Patrick Stephen H. Richards Robert J. Lempert Phebe A. Marr Joel W. Motley Stewart M. Patrick David B. Richardson Amanda V. Leness Anthony D. Marshall Lucia Mouat Roland A. Paul Henry J. Richardson III Alexander T.J. Lennon F. John Edwin Mroz Richard Foote Pedersen Walter R. Roberts Sarah G.J. Lennon Katherine Marshall Margaret Farris Mudd Eric J. Pelofsky David Z. Robinson James F. Leonard Emily Moto Murase Richard D. Perera Davis R. Robinson Marcel J. Lettre II L. Camille Massey Deroy Murdock Don Peretz William D. Rogers Marne L. Levine Gerald M. Mayer Jr. Douglas P. Murray Edward J. Perkins Ervin J. Rokke Mitchel Levitas Cynthia Lillian Ian P. Murray Roswell B. Perkins Alan D. Romberg Jonathan E. Levitsky Arthur H. Rosen McCaffrey Martha Twitchell Muse Michael P. Peters Samuel J. Levy Daniel H. Rosen John W McCarter Jr. Peter F. Najera Richard W. Petree Mitchell S. Rosenthal JohnJ.McCloyll James A. Nathan Stephen R. Petschek Stephen R. Lewis Jr. Thomas B. Ross Elizabeth J. McCormack Haleh Nazeri Steven B. Pfeiffer Lu Li William M. Roth Robert C. McFarlane Merlin E. Nelson Christopher H. Phillips Edward L. Rowny Kenneth G Lieberthal David E. McGiffert Pauline Newman Lawrence W. Pierce Nancy H. Rubin Sally L. Lilienthal Laura A. Mcintosh Richard T. Newman Andrew J. Pierre Seymour Jeffrey Rubin Beverly Lindsay Elizabeth A. McKeon David D. Newsom Donald L. Pilling Neil L. Rudenstine Franklin A. Lindsay Charles James Waldemar August Alan A. Piatt Raimundo L. Ruga Robert E. Li tan Richard L. Plepler McLaughlin Nielsen Carol Knuth Sakoian Robert S. Litwak Rutherford M. Poats Doyle McManus Paul H. Nitze Jeswald William Eric P. Liu Jason D. McManus Eli M. Noam Gerald A. Pollack Daniel Bruce Poneman Robert Gerald Kathleen R. McNamara Richard H. Nolte Salacuse Frank Popoff Livingston Thomas L. McNaugher Eric S. Nonacs George R. Salem Thomas Powers George Cabot Lodge Robert F. Meagher Lynne Dominick Michael A. Samuels Sheridan T. Prasso Herbert I. London Amy Houpt Medearis Novack Marlene Sanders John R. Price Jr. William J. Long Irene W. Meister Joseph S. Nye Jr. Miriam Sapiro Daniel B. Prieto III Bevis Longstreth James E. Mejia Don Oberdorfer Ralph Southey Saul William T. Pryce Linda S. Lourie Sarah Elizabeth Carol OGleireacain Harold H. Saunders Robert H. Puckett Thomas E. Lovejoy Mendelson William E. Odom Paul J. Saunders Edward L. Pulling Stephen Low Claire Sechler Merkel Kongdan Oh Phillip C. Saunders

78 Development

Frank W.Schiff Ann Brownell Sloane Julia Vadala Taft Sara Vagliano Allan Wendt Any a A. Schmemann S. Bruce Smart Jr. William H. Taft IV Gregory E. van der Mitzi Mallina Wertheim James L. Schoff David Shiverick Smith Phillips Talbot Vink Lawrence Weschler Christopher Matthew James McCall Smith Jeffrey W. Taliaferro Michael H. Van Dusen Jennifer Seymour Schroeder Jeffrey H. Smith Angelica O. Tang Ted Van Dyk Whitaker Richard F. Schubert Malcolm B. Smith Raymond Tanter James Alward Van Fleet Julia A. White G. Edward Schuh L. Britt Snider Gligor A. Tashkovich Robert D. Vander Lugt Robert J. White Jill A. Schuker Jed C. Snyder William Taubman Toni G. Verstandig Christine Todd George D. Schwab Timothy D. Snyder Dina Simone Elizabeth G. Verville Whitman Susan Carroll Schwab Louis B. Sohn Temple-Raston David J. Vidal Elie Wiesel William W. Schwarzer Andrew Wallace James P. Thomas Richard Noyes Viets Richard A. Wiley Stephen M. Schwebel Solomon Paul E. Tierney Jr. Adis M. Vila Eddie Nathan Williams Brent Scowcroft Anthony M. Solomon Ronald Tiersky Milton Viorst Harold M. Williams Norman P. Seagrave Joshua N. Solomon Sarah Livingston Roderick K. von Paul R. Williams Robert C. Seamans Jr. Robert Solomon Timpson Lipsey Donald M. Wilson Jonathan E. Sears Helmut Sonnenfeldt Cynthia A. Tindell Christine I. Wallich Thomas Winship James B. Seaton III Richard W. Sonnenfeldt Amina Tirana Ian Kennard Walsh Philip S. Winterer Sheldon J. Segal Joshua B. Spero Monica Duffy Toft R. Keith Walton Francis X. Winters Eugene A. Sekulow Alexander C. Katherine T. Ward Anne A. Witkowsky Jeffrey R. Shafer Ronald I. Spiers Tomlinson John William Warner Ira Wolf Beth Shair-Goyer J. Andrew Spindler Stephen Joel John L. Washburn Lee S. Wolosky Andrew J. Shapiro Stephen Stamas Trachtenberg Alexander F. Watson R. James Woolsey Judith R. Shapiro Eugene S. Staples Harry D. Train II William Watts Kent Wosepka Jason T. Shaplen Kristen Staples Bernard E. Trainor Dennis Weatherstone W. Howard Wriggins Daniel A. Sharp Edward S. Steinfeld Thomas J. Trebat Hoyt K.Webb L. Patrick Wright Gary M. Shiftman Fritz Stern Peter D. Trooboff Vin Weber Mona Yacoubian Jennifer A. Shore Jessica E. Stern Alexander B. William H. Webster Phoebe L. Yang Donald W. Shriver Anne Stetson Trowbridge Ruth Wedgwood Alice Young Daniel B. Silver Ruth Ann Stewart Edwin M. Truman Leroy Snyder Wehrle M. Crawford Young Robert B. Silvers Donald B. Straus Katherine K. Tucker Sidney Weintraub Frederick T.C. Yu P. J. Simmons Rose Styron William C. Turner Charles Weiss Jr. Raul H. Yzaguirre Gretchen Crosby Sims Karen M. Sughrue Laura D'Andrea Tyson Edith Brown Weiss Donald S. Zagoria Joseph John Sisco Mona K. Sutphen Richard H. Ullman Elizabeth Anne Weiss Warren Zimmermann Eugene B. Skolnikoff Francis X. Sutton Cornelius M. Ulman Thomas G. Weiss Jonathan L. Zittrain Anne-Marie Slaughter Cedric Suzman Maureen T Upton Ivan S. Weissman Marvin Zonis Matthew J. Slaughter John Temple Swing Victor A. Utgoff Samuel F. Wells Jr. Paul S. Slawson

79 2002 Board Election

The Council’s By-Laws provide for a Board consisting of At the Annual Meeting for the Election of Directors 30 Directors (plus the President, ex officio), divided into on May 16, 2002, 1,661 members participated in person five classes of six Directors. Each class serves for a term of or by proxy, fulfilling the quorum required by By-Law V. five years. In each class, three Directors are elected by the No name was written on ten or more ballots cast at the membership and three are appointed by the Board. meeting and, therefore, no one was nominated for the Directors with terms expiring on August 31, 2002, were 2003 election by the write-in procedure outlined in the Paul A. Allaire, Roone Arledge, John E. Bryson, Kenneth By-Laws. The following nominees were elected for five- M. Duberstein, Frank Savage, and Laura D’Andrea Tyson. year terms beginning September 1, 2002, and expiring The Nominating Committee was composed of Carla A. August 31, 2007: Fouad Ajami, Thomas R. Pickering, Hills (Chair), Richard C. Holbrooke (Vice Chair), Henry S. and Laura D’Andrea Tyson. Edward F. Cox, Matthew Bienen, Daniel W. Christman, Robert E. Denham, William Nimetz, and Barbara Paul Robinson served as election H. Donaldson, Kenneth M. Duberstein, Robert Legvold, overseers. Winston Lord, Susan E. Rice, James B. Sitrick, Gordon C. Under current procedures, the Board completed the Stewart, Anne Wexler, Andrew Young, and Nancy Young. Class of 2007 by appointing three Directors. Acting on the On January 11, 2002, Carla A. Hills invited the Council recommendation of the Nominating Committee, at its membership to propose possible candidates. The Nomi- June 6 meeting the Board appointed the following three nating Committee met on March 13 to consider the large Council members to serve five-year terms beginning Sep- pool of names suggested by Council members for the tember 1, 2002, and ending August 31, 2007: Kenneth M. three elective vacancies. Mindful of its mandate to con- Duberstein, Ronald L. Olson, and Peter G. Peterson.1 The sider “the need for diversity with regard to age, sex, race, Board appointed Leslie H. Gelb as Director, ex officio. geographical representation, and professional back- Additionally, the Board appointed Roone Arledge to the ground,” the Nominating Committee developed the fol- Class of 2006, filling the vacancy created by the resignation lowing slate of nominees: Fouad Ajami, Gail D. Fosler, of Maurice R. Greenberg, in accordance with By-Law IV.C. Ellen V. Futter, Thomas R. Pickering, Frank Savage, and In recognition of his extraordinary leadership and service, Laura D’Andrea Tyson. On March 22, Council members the Board appointed Maurice R. Greenberg as Honorary were notified of the slate and of the petition process avail- Vice Chairman. able to them in accordance with the By-Laws. No petition candidate was put forth. A ballot was mailed to all Coun- Lilita V. Gusts cil members on April 16. Secretary

1 To ensure an orderly transition in Council leadership, the Board of Directors at its October 2000 meeting approved changes in the By-Laws that enable Mr. Peterson to continue as Chairman and Director, on a year-to-year basis.

80 Committees of the Board, 2001–2002

Executive Morton L. Janklow Carl B. Menges ‡ Correspondence Peter L.W. Osnos Peter G. Peterson, James R. Jones George J. Mitchell Martin S. Feldstein, Ponchitta Pierce Chair Virginia Ann Kamsky Joel W. Motley Chair Richard L. Plepler Maurice R. Greenberg, Sherman R. Lewis Jr. Priscilla A. Newman Fouad Ajami Douglas E. Schoen Vice Chair J. Eugene Marans Karen Parker Feld † Daniel Bell Ron Silver Carla A. Hills, Ken Miller David Perez † Frances FitzGerald Amina Tirana † Vice Chair Thomas R. Pickering Richard E. Salomon ‡ Wolf Lepenies Paul A. Allaire Lionel I. Pincus George Soros Esther R. Newberg Membership Lee Cullum E. John Rosenwald Jr. Kenneth I. Starr ‡ Ron Silver Lee Cullum, Martin S. Feldstein Nina Rosenwald Robert G. Wilmers ‡ Robert B. Silvers Chair William J. McDonough Frank Savage Don M. Wilson III ‡ Carl Spielvogel Joan E. Spero, Michael H. Moskow Maurice Sonnenberg Ronald Steel Vice Chair Warren B. Rudman Jerry I. Speyer Foreign Affairs Fritz Stern Peter Dexter Bell Laura D’Andrea Tyson Alan J. Stoga Martin S. Feldstein, Stephen Claar Swid Stephanie K. Bell-Rose Garrick Utley Edward H. Vick Chair Garrick Utley Judith H. Bello Frank G. Wisner II Henry A. Grunwald, Masakuza Yamazaki Jessica P. Einhorn Corporate Affairs I. Peter Wolff Vice Chair Sergio J. Galvis and Development William D. Zabel Fouad Ajami Meetings Rodolfo O. de la Garza Paul A. Allaire, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Warren Bass † Garrick Utley, James M. Goldgeier Chair Derek H. Chollet † Chair Merit E. Janow Vincent A. Mai, Finance Roone Arledge Richard Mallery Vice Chair and Budget Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Carole Artigiani Michael H. Moskow Allen R. Adler William J. McDonough, Rita E. Hauser Barbara Crossette Stephen A. Orlins David Altshuler Chair Jim Hoagland Thomas E. Donilon William K. Reilly Roone Arledge Jessica P. Einhorn, Richard C. Holbrooke Peggy Dulany Thomas Schick Richard I. Beattie Vice Chair ‡ Sergio J. Galvis Anne-Marie Slaughter Marshall Nichols Carter Roger C. Altman ‡ John J. Mearsheimer James F. Hoge Jr. * Garrick Utley Joyce Chang † Peggy Dulany Rodney W. Nichols Robert D. Hormats Vin Weber Saj Cherian † Gail D. Fosler Robert E. Rubin Morton L. Janklow William H. Donaldson Joachim Gfoeller Jr. Elisabeth N. Sifton Melanie M. Kirkpatrick Term Membership Richard N. Foster Richard K. Goeltz Theodore C. Sorensen Bette Bao Lord Anne-Marie Slaughter, Bart Friedman Michael D. Granoff Joshua L. Steiner Marcus Mabry † Chair Louis V. Gerstner Jr. J. Tomilson Hill ‡ Anita Volz Wien L. Camille Massey Deborah K. Burand Joseph M. Ha Henry Kaufman ‡ Philip D. Zelikow Raffiq A. Nathoo Robert J. Chaves

*Ex officio. †Designated Term Member. ‡Serves also on the Investment Subcommittee.

81 Committees of the Board, 2001–2002

Shelby Coffey III Wyatt Thomas Johnson Robert Legvold John Lewis Gaddis Mark F. Brzezinski † Stephen E. Flynn Peter Bicknell Kellner † Winston Lord Melvin L. Heineman Elizabeth L. Cheney † Todd C. Hart Peter Kezirian † Susan E. Rice James F. Hoge Jr. * Edwin A. Deagle Jr. Kenneth A. Moskow Bette Bao Lord James B. Sitrick Lawrence J. Korb * Thomas R. Donahue April A. Oliver Judith B. Milestone Gordon C. Stewart John P. Lipsky Kenneth M. Duberstein Elliot Stein Ambler H. Moss Jr. Anne Wexler Abraham F. Lowenthal * Marsha A. Echols R. Keith Walton William A. Owens Andrew Young Haleh Nazeri † Jessica P. Einhorn George H. Young III Judith K. Paulus Nancy Young Steven L. Rattner Douglas J. Feith Kimberly Marten Zisk Henry H. Perritt Jr. Robert E. Rubin Lauri J. Fitz-Pegado John C. Reppert Studies Scott D. Sagan Charles Gati National Programs Mark R. Steinberg Laura D’Andrea Tyson, Gordon C. Stewart Carl Samuel Gershman Michael H. Moskow, David K.Y. Tang Chair Peter Tarnoff Michael H. Haltzel Chair Peter Tarnoff Martin S. Feldstein, Marc A. Thiessen † Robert W. Helm Andy S. Bodea Charles R. Trimble Vice Chair Richard H. Ullman Carla A. Hills John E. Bryson Roderick K. von Lipsey Richard V. Allen Marta B. Varela Kim R. Holmes Hodding Carter III Andrew Young Jesse H. Ausubel Ernest James Wilson III James V. Kimsey Stephen A. Cheney Laurence Merrill Band Frank G. Wisner II Mark P. Lagon John F. Cooke Nominating Hans Binnendijk Daniel H. Yergin Dave K. McCurdy Lee Cullum Carla A. Hills, Avis T. Bohlen Alberto J. Mora Kenneth A. Cutshaw Chair W. Bowman Cutter Washington Mark Palmer Edward P. Djerejian Richard C. Holbrooke, David B.H. Denoon Programs Peter R. Rosenblatt April Kanne Vice Chair Padma Desai Tara Diane Sonenshine Donnellan † Henry S. Bienen Warren B. Rudman, John Deutch Chair Terence A. Todman Richard W. Fisher Daniel W. Christman Kenneth M. Duberstein Thomas E. Donilon, Michael H. Van Dusen Mimi L. Haas Robert E. Denham Michael B.G. Froman Vice Chair W. Bruce Weinrod Mont P. Hoyt William H. Donaldson Pauline H. Baker R. James Woolsey Lyric M. Hughes Kenneth M. Duberstein

82 International Advisory Board

The International Advisory Board (IAB), established by the Board Sergei A. Karaganov (Russia), Chairman of the Board, Council on of Directors in 1995 under the chairmanship of David Rockefeller, Foreign and Defense Policy; Deputy Director, Institute of Honorary Chairman of the Council, meets annually in conjunction Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences with the October Board meeting to offer perspectives on a broad Kyung-Won Kim (Republic of Korea), President, Institute of Social range of matters of concern to the Council. IAB members are Sciences; former Ambassador of Korea to the United States invited to comment on institutional programs and strategic direc- Yotaro Kobayashi (Japan), Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, tions, and on practical opportunities for collaboration between the Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Council and institutions abroad. They also provide invaluable Rahmi M. Koç (Turkey), Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, international insights into U.S. foreign policy in discussions on a Koç Holdings A.S. variety of issues—from the need for new strategies and institu- Otto Graf Lambsdorff (Germany), Member, Bundestag; former tions for the 21st century, to the value of multilateral approaches Federal Minister of Economics, Germany toward world problems, to ways to foster . Luiz Felipe Lampreia (Brazil), Chairman of the Board of Trustees, The IAB includes the following distinguished individuals: Centro Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais; former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Brazil Mariclaire Acosta (Mexico), Special Ambassador for Human Juan March (), Chairman, Juan March Foundation Rights and Democracy, Mexico María Rosa Martini (Argentina), Cofounder and President, Social Giovanni Agnelli (Italy), Chairman, Instituto Finanziario Indus- Sector Forum; Founder, CONCIENCIA Argentina triale; Honorary Chairman, Fiat S.p.A. Barbara McDougall (Canada), President and Chief Executive Khalid A. Alturki (Saudi Arabia), Chairman, Trading and Devel- Officer, The Canadian Institute of International Affairs; former opment Company (TRADCO) Secretary of State for External Affairs, Canada Moshe Arens (Israel), Member, Knesset; former Ambassador of Adam Michnik (Poland), Editor in Chief, Gazeta Wyborcza Israel to the United States Moeen A. Qureshi (Pakistan), Chairman, Emerging Markets Part- Hanan Ashrawi (West Bank), Secretary General, Miftah—The nership; former Prime Minister of Pakistan Palestinian Initiative for the Promotion of Global Dialogue and Michel Rocard (France), President, Commission of Development, Democracy; Founder, The Palestinian Independent Commis- European Parliament; former Prime Minister of France sion for Citizens’ Rights Prannoy Roy (India), President, New Delhi Television, Ltd. Percy N. Barnevik (Sweden), Chairman, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Khehla Shubane (), Research Officer and Director, Ltd. Centre for Policy Studies; Director, Simeka Financial Services Conrad M. Black (United Kingdom), Chairman and Chief Execu- Washington SyCip (Philippines), Chairman and Founder, The tive Officer, Argus Corporation Ltd.; Chairman, Hollinger Inc. SGV Group and The Telegraph p.l.c. Horst Teltschik (Germany), Chairman, Herbert Quandt Founda- John Browne (United Kingdom), Group Chief Executive, BP p.l.c. tion (BMW); former National Security Adviser of Germany Gro Harlem Brundtland (Norway), Director General, World Jusuf Wanandi (Indonesia), Member of the Board of Directors, Health Organization (WHO); former Prime Minister of Norway Centre for Strategic and International Studies (Jakarta) Mark C. Chona (), Chairman and CEO, Sumika - Shirley V.T. Brittain Williams (United Kingdom), Member, tancy and Management Services Ltd.; former Political Adviser ; Public Service Professor of Electoral Politics, to the President of Zambia Harvard University Gustavo A. Cisneros (Venezuela), Chairman and Chief Executive (Bangladesh), Founder, Managing Director, Officer, Cisneros Group of Companies and Chief Executive Officer, Grameen Bank Alejandro Foxley (), Member, Senate of Chile; former Minis- Ponce de León (Mexico), former President of ter of Finance of Chile Mexico Toyoo Gyohten (Japan), President, Institute for International Mon- etary Affairs; Senior Adviser, The Bank of -Mitsubishi, Ltd.

83 Council By-Laws

I. All members of the Council shall be elected by the reputation, and proper functioning of the Council. A Board of Directors. All members elected to the Council, member’s privileges may be suspended for a period of up other than those whose term of membership is limited by to six months by action of the President subject to the conditions of their election, remain members until approval by the Chairman of the Board. death, resignation, or action under the last paragraph of this By-Law. II. It is an express condition of membership in the The Board of Directors may elect honorary members Council, to which condition every member accedes by with such membership rights, excluding the right to vote virtue of his or her membership, that members will in Council affairs, as the Board may designate. observe such rules and regulations as may be prescribed In any fiscal year, the Board may elect up to 110 per- from time to time by the Board of Directors concerning sons to five-year term membership. The terms and condi- the conduct of Council meetings or the attribution of tions of such membership shall be as prescribed by the statements made therein, and that any disclosure, publi- Board, provided that those elected to such membership cation, or other action by a member in contravention are between the ages of 28 and 34 years of age on January thereof may be regarded by the Board of Directors in its 1 of the year in which their election would take place, and sole discretion as ground for termination or suspension of that of the total number of persons elected each year no membership pursuant to Article I of the By-Laws. more than 35 shall be age 30 or under, and that so long as III. Members other than honorary members of the their term continues such members will have the full Council shall pay the following dues per annum: rights and privileges of Council membership. The Board of Directors may establish such other spe- Business Nonbusiness cial categories of membership having such rights and New York Area privileges, and subject to such conditions, as the Board Under 30 $ 660 $180 may designate. 30–39 1,340 320 A New York Area member is one whose residence or 40 and Over 2,600 580 principal place of business is within 50 miles of City Hall Washington, D.C., Area in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York. A Wash- Under 30 $ 450 $150 ington, D.C., Area member is one whose residence or 30–39 900 260 principal place of business is within 50 miles of the Capi- 40 and Over 1,750 450 tol in the District of Columbia. All other members are National. All members other than honorary members National shall be citizens of the United States or permanent resi- Under 30 $ 360 $110 dents of the United States who have made application to 30–39 650 180 become citizens. 40 and Over 1,300 300 A member may be dropped or suspended from mem- bership for a period of six months or more only by a For purposes of this By-Law, nonbusiness members unanimous vote of those Directors attending a meeting of are those who are regular members of the faculty of any the Board at which a quorum is present and voting, for accredited educational institution, who are in the public any violation of the By-Laws or rules or regulations of the service, who are on the staff of a voluntary organization, Board of Directors, or for any conduct even though not in or who are accredited writers, commentators, journalists, actual violation of a By-Law or rule that, in the opinion of or other media . All other members, the Board, is nevertheless prejudicial to the best interests, except honorary members, are business members.

84 Council By-Laws

All dues shall be paid annually or semiannually in didate in the next Annual Election to complete the bal- equal installments in advance. Default in the payment of ance of the unexpired term. any dues for a period of 60 days may be deemed to be equivalent to resignation. V A. The Annual Meeting of Members shall be held in New York City as soon as practicable after the end of the IV A. There shall be a Board of not more than 31 Direc- fiscal year, as determined by the Chairman of the Board. tors. The President of the corporation shall be a Director, At this meeting the Board of Directors shall present a ex officio, unless otherwise provided by resolution of the report of the activities of the Council during the past year, Board of Directors and agreed to by the President. The and such other business shall be considered as shall be remaining members of the Board of Directors shall be brought forward by or with the sanction of the Board of divided into five equal classes, each class to serve for a Directors and that shall have been stated in the notice term of five years and until their successors are elected convening the meeting. and take office. Each class shall consist of three Directors One-third of the voting members of the Council shall elected directly by the membership at large and three constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Mem- Directors appointed by the Board. Following each Annual bers may be represented by proxy. Election but prior to the commencement of the term of the new Directors, the Board shall appoint three Directors to B. The Annual Election of Directors of the Council shall serve in the same class as the three Directors elected at the be held at a meeting in New York City on a date set by the Annual Election. Any Chairman or Vice Chairman of the President or the Chairman of the Board within 13 months Board elected on an interim basis pursuant to Article VII of the preceding meeting at which Directors were elected. who is not a Director at the time of his or her election shall Directors shall be elected by ballot. Ballots will be mailed during the period of such interim service be a Director to all members in advance of the Annual Election and and, at the time of his or her election, shall be designated may be returned by mail or may be delivered in person or by the Board of Directors to occupy either (i) the position by proxy. The ballot shall contain (i) the name of each on the Board that would otherwise be occupied by the member who is nominated by the Nominating Commit- President, if the President is not then serving as a Direc- tee as a candidate for the class of Directors scheduled for tor, ex officio, or (ii) any vacancy among the three Direc- election in that year, (ii) the name of any member tors in each class subject to appointment by the Board. appointed to a vacancy in the Board and nominated by the Nominating Committee as the sole candidate to com- B. At each Annual Election of the Council, three Direc- plete the balance of the unexpired term, (iii) the name of tors shall be elected to replace the outgoing class of any member who is nominated in each class by a petition elected Directors. Terms of all Directors, both elected and signed by not fewer than ten members, and (iv) the name appointed, shall commence on the first day of September of any member who received not fewer than ten write-in next following their election or appointment. A Director, votes in the preceding election. Members may cast one whether elected or appointed, who has served three years vote for each of as many candidates as there are vacancies or more of a five-year term shall be eligible subsequently to be filled on the Board, and the candidates with the for election or appointment to a single consecutive term. highest number of votes in each class will be declared elected as Directors. One-third of the voting members of C. Directors are expected faithfully to attend Board the Council shall constitute a quorum at the Annual Elec- and Board Committee meetings to which they are tion Meeting. Administrative details necessary to imple- assigned. A Director who fails to attend two-thirds of all ment the Council’s nomination and election procedures such regularly scheduled Board and Board Committee shall be as prescribed by the President in consultation meetings in any two consecutive calendar years shall be with the Chairman of the Board. deemed to have submitted his or her resignation to be accepted at the pleasure of the Chairman of the Board. VI. The Board shall constitute such Committees as The Board shall have the power to fill any vacancy in its may from time to time be appropriate, including an Exec- membership. A Director appointed to fill a vacancy cre- utive Committee, a Committee on Finance and Budget, a ated by the retirement, resignation, or death of a Director Committee on Corporate Affairs and Development, a previously elected by the membership at large shall be Committee on Meetings, a Committee on Washington nominated by the Nominating Committee as the sole can- Programs, a Committee on National Programs, a Com-

85 Council By-Laws mittee on Membership, a Nominating Committee, a posed of five members of the Board and such other mem- Committee on Foreign Affairs, and a Committee on Stud- bers of the Board as the Committee Chairman deems ies. Elections of Board members to Committees shall be appropriate. The Committee shall have the power to co- held at Annual Meetings of the Board, except that, on the opt no fewer than ten additional members who shall not nomination of the Chairman of the Board, a Director may be members of the Board. The Committee shall have the be elected at any meeting of the Board to fill a Committee responsibility for overseeing programs, activities, serv- vacancy. ices, and other initiatives to enhance participation in the The Executive Committee shall be composed of the Council by members in regions other than New York City Chairman and Vice Chairmen of the Board, the Chairmen and Washington, D.C. of the standing committees of the Board, and such other The Committee on Membership shall be composed of members of the Board as the Executive Committee Chair- five members of the Board and such other members of the man deems appropriate. During intervals between meet- Board as the Committee Chairman deems appropriate. ings of the Board, the Committee may exercise the The Committee shall co-opt two members who shall not powers of the Board to the extent permitted by law. be members of the Board and who shall be under the age The Committee on Finance and Budget shall be com- of 40 when co-opted, and shall have power to co-opt no posed of five members of the Board and such other mem- fewer than eight additional members of any age who are bers of the Board as the Committee Chairman deems not members of the Board. All names proposed for mem- appropriate. The Committee shall have the power to co- bership in the Council shall be referred to the Committee opt no fewer than eight additional members. The Com- for its consideration, and the Committee shall submit to mittee shall have general supervision of the investment of the Board its nominations for election to membership. the funds of the Council and of its financial affairs, and The Nominating Committee shall be composed of five shall present the budget at the Spring meeting of the members of the Board. The Committee shall present Board. names for Directors, Officers, and Committee members. The Committee on Corporate Affairs and Develop- For the purpose of nominating candidates to stand for ment shall be composed of five members of the Board and election to the Board, the Committee shall co-opt ten such other members of the Board as the Committee additional members who shall not be members of the Chairman deems appropriate. The Committee shall have Board. The Chairman of the Nominating Committee shall the power to co-opt no fewer than 20 additional mem- be selected by the Chairman of the Board from among the bers. The Committee shall help to plan, implement, and Board members on the Committee. Neither the Chairman oversee the Corporate Program and the Council’s finan- of the Board nor the President shall be an ex officio mem- cial development programs. ber of the Nominating Committee. Both in co-opting The Committee on Meetings shall be composed of five members to its own body and in nominating candidates members of the Board and such other members of the for each year’s Board election, the Nominating Commit- Board as the Committee Chairman deems appropriate. tee is charged to keep in mind the need for diversity with The Committee shall have the power to co-opt no fewer regard to age, sex, race, geographical representation, and than ten members who shall not be members of the professional background. In nominating candidates for Board. The Committee shall have responsibility for over- each year’s Board election, the Committee is also charged seeing the Council’s program of general meetings and (i) to solicit the entire membership for the names of pos- institutional outreach activities involving electronic and sible candidates and (ii) except as provided in By-Law other broadcast media. IV(C) to nominate twice as many candidates as there are The Committee on Washington Programs shall be directorships to be filled at the election by the member- composed of five members of the Board and such other ship at large. members of the Board as the Committee Chairman deems The Committee on Foreign Affairs shall be composed of appropriate. The Committee shall have the power to co- five members of the Board and such other members of the opt no fewer than ten additional members who shall not Board as the Committee Chairman deems appropriate. be members of the Board. The Committee shall have The Committee shall have the power to co-opt no fewer responsibility for overseeing programs, activities, serv- than 15 additional members, at least ten of whom are not ices, and other initiatives to enhance participation in the members of the Board. All matters relating to the over- Council by members in Washington, D.C. sight and management of the magazine shall be referred The Committee on National Programs shall be com- to the Committee.

86 Council By-Laws

The Committee on Studies shall be composed of five The Vice Presidents in order of seniority shall dis- members of the Board and such other members of the charge the duties of the President in his or her absence, Board as the Committee Chairman deems appropriate. The and shall perform such other duties as from time to time Committee shall have the power to co-opt no fewer than 15 shall be assigned them by the Board of Directors. additional members, at least ten of whom are not members The Treasurer shall have custody of the funds of the of the Board. All suggestions relating to matters of research corporation. shall be referred to it, and it shall be responsible for the ini- The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the tiation of research projects. The Committee on Studies shall corporation, and shall keep its records. submit regular reports of its activities to the Board. Except as otherwise provided above, a co-opted Com- VIII. The Board shall appoint the Editor of Foreign mittee member shall serve for such term as the Commit- Affairs and the Director of Studies, if any, and shall annu- tee co-opting him or her shall determine, and during such ally fix their compensation. term shall have the same rights and obligations as other Committee members. One-third of the Directors and co- IX. The funds of the corporation shall be invested by opted members, duly elected or appointed, shall consti- the Committee on Finance and Budget or shall be tute a quorum at any meeting of any Committee. deposited with trust companies or banking institutions Participation by conference telephone, or similar commu- designated by either the Board of Directors or the Com- nication equipment allowing all persons participating in mittee on Finance and Budget. Disbursements shall be the meeting to hear one another at the same time, shall made only upon checks or vouchers approved by any one constitute presence in person at a meeting. of the following for amounts up to $5,000 and by any two of the following for amounts of $5,000 and over: the Pres- VII. The Officers of the corporation shall be a Chair- ident, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, the man of the Board, one or more Vice Chairmen, a Presi- Director of Finance, the Editor of Foreign Affairs, and such dent, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, other employees of the corporation as may from time to and such other Officers as in the Board’s judgment may time be designated by the Committee on Finance and be required. The Board shall annually fix their compensa- Budget. tion. The Chairman of the Board shall be elected for a term of five years and shall be eligible for reelection to a X. The Annual Meeting of the Board shall be held as second term. The Chairman shall be eligible to complete soon as practicable after the first day of September, as any such term without regard to By-Law limitations on determined by the Chairman of the Board. One-third of the number or tenure of Directors. Pending election of a the Directors in office shall constitute a quorum at any Chairman to a five-year term and subject to the By-Law meeting of the Board. limitation on the number of Directors, for purposes of assuring an orderly transition in governance, the Board XI. These By-Laws may be amended at any meeting of may elect a Chairman and/or Vice Chairman to serve, on the Board of Directors, provided notice of the proposed an interim basis, for one or more terms of up to 12 months amendment shall have been given at a previous meeting each. The Chairman and any Vice Chairman shall be eli- or circulated in writing to the members of the Board not gible for election to any such term, on an interim basis, fewer than five days in advance. without regard to By-Law limitations on the tenure of Directors or Officers. The other Officers of the corporation XII. Any person made, or threatened to be made, a shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors. party to any action or proceeding, whether civil or crimi- The Chairman of the Board, or in his or her absence, a nal, by reason of the fact that he or she, his or her testator Vice Chairman designated by the Chairman, may call or intestate, is or was a Director or Officer of the Council, meetings of the Board and shall preside at all meetings of shall be indemnified by the Council, and his or her the Board of Directors. expenses incurred in defending such an action or pro- The President, subject to the overall direction of the ceeding shall be advanced by the Council, to the full Board of Directors, shall be the Chief Executive Officer of extent authorized or permitted by law. the corporation.

87 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices

The following items describe important Rules, Guide- “Notwithstanding the above Rule, the Board of Direc- lines, and Practices of the Council on Foreign Relations, tors may, from time to time, prescribe rules governing the with which members and staff should familiarize them- subsequent release of any Council records. selves. “While the substance of the above Rule has been in effect since the formation of the Council, its present formu- Rule on Foreign Policy Positions lation was adopted by the Board of Directors on June 6, The following has been the policy of the Council since its 1977, on the recommendation of a special Advisory Panel origin, reconfirmed by resolution of the Board of Direc- on the Non-Attribution Rule, and subsequently amended tors on September 11, 1973: on June 7, 1994. The minutes of the June 1977 meeting con- “The Council shall not take any position on questions tain the following explanatory comments about the Rule: of foreign policy, and no person is authorized to speak, or “The report recognizes that ‘media’ and ‘public forum’ purport to speak, for the Council on such matters.” are vague terms. But they can nevertheless be rationally interpreted in the light of the purpose of the Rule. For Rule on Non-Attribution example, the reformulation would make it legitimate for a “The Council is a research and educational institution. U.S. governmental official to report by memo to his col- Everyone who participates in a Council meeting is leagues and superiors what he learned at a Council meet- encouraged to use and disseminate ideas and informa- ing. Similarly, the reformulation recognizes that a lawyer tion developed in the meeting. It is recognized, at the may give such a memo to his partners, or a corporate offi- same time, that many Council guests and members are, cer to other corporate officers. It would not be in compli- by reason of their governmental or other institutional ance with the reformulated Rule, however, for any affiliations, subject to inevitable constraints upon their meeting participant (i) to publish a speaker’s statement in latitude to express opinions, take positions, or offer tenta- attributed form in a newspaper; (ii) to repeat it on televi- tive judgments on public affairs issues if they are speak- sion or radio, or on a speaker’s platform, or in a classroom; ing in a public forum or if their statements will be later or (iii) to go beyond a memo of limited circulation, by dis- attributed to them in public media or a public forum. tributing the attributed statement in a company or gov- “Full freedom of expression is encouraged at Council ernment agency newsletter. The language of the Rule also meetings. Participants are assured that they may speak goes out of its way to make it clear that a meeting partici- openly, as it is the tradition of the Council that others will pant is forbidden knowingly to transmit the attributed not attribute or characterize their statements in public statement to a newspaper reporter or other such person media or forums or knowingly transmit them to persons who is likely to publish it in a public medium. The essence who will. All participants are expected to honor that com- of the Rule as reformulated is simple enough: participants mitment. in Council meetings should not pass along an attributed “An appropriate officer of the Council may, however, statement in circumstances where there is substantial risk by advance announcement declare this Rule inapplicable that it will promptly be widely circulated or published.” in whole or in part to any particular Council meeting, and the presentation portion of the meeting may be recorded Guidelines on Meetings and broadcast on electronic media and/or covered in the By resolution adopted on February 28, 1972, as subse- print media with the agreement of the speaker and quently amended, the Board of Directors has prescribed advance announcement to other participants. the following Guidelines governing Council meetings:

88 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices

“The purpose of meetings sponsored by the Council Rule on Conflicts of Interest on Foreign Relations is to promote understanding of By resolution of the Council’s Board of Directors, international affairs through the free interchange of ideas adopted January 28, 1992, the following policy concern- among participants. ing actual or potential conflicts of interest was approved: “In order to encourage to the fullest a free, frank, and open exchange of ideas in Council meetings, the Board of “1. It is the policy of the Council on Foreign Relations Directors has prescribed, in addition to the Non-Attribu- that the Board, officers, and staff of the Council be sensi- tion Rule, the following guidelines. All participants in tive to conflict-of-interest issues. Council meetings are expected to be familiar with and “2. Any potential conflict of interest shall be disclosed adhere to these Guidelines. to an Officer of the Board by the person concerned. When “1. Since the Council invites guests representing many relevant to a matter requiring action by the Board, the per- different viewpoints, since it selects topics regardless of, son concerned shall absent him- or herself from the final or because of, their controversiality, and since there is a discussion of such matter, and shall not vote thereon, and wide divergence of viewpoints among members, it is to the minutes of the meeting shall so disclose. When there is be expected that Council meetings will sometimes be doubt as to whether a conflict of interest exists, the matter marked by sharp dispute. shall be resolved by vote of the Board, excluding the per- son concerning whose situation the doubt has arisen. “2. Meetings chairmen are expected to stimulate open expression of opinion by all participants and should not “3. This resolution shall remain in full force and effect attempt to mute controversy or stifle differences of view- unless and until modified by vote of the Board, and a point where they exist. To this end it is the responsibility copy hereof shall be furnished to each officer or director of chairmen to see to it that all viewpoints expressed are at the time of his or her election or appointment to or by treated with respect and that parliamentary decorum is the Board and any renewal thereof, and to each person maintained. who is now or hereafter may become a member of the staff. The policy shall in an appropriate manner be “3. Principal speakers should expect to be questioned reviewed annually for the information and guidance of vigorously on any point relevant to their intellectual directors, officers, and staff.” interest, experience, or expertise in international affairs. It is recognized, however, that some speakers, particularly Archival Practice those holding official positions, may not feel free to By resolution of the Council’s Board of Directors, answer some questions, and, in such case, their declina- adopted June 3, 1999, all substantive records of the Coun- tion will be respected.” cil more than 25 years old are open for reference use dur- Apart from the traditional meetings for spouses and ing library hours at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript for sons and daughters of the members, occasional meet- Library at Princeton University, subject to the following ings are also open to guests of members. Guest privileges proviso: are for those who have special expertise or experience “As a condition of use, the officers of the Council shall that relates directly to the meeting, as well as the general require each user of Council records to execute a prior qualifications of potential candidates for Council mem- written commitment that he or she will not directly or bership. Members bringing guests should secure the per- indirectly attribute to any living person any assertion of mission of the Council department organizing the fact or opinion based upon any Council record without meeting and acquaint their guests with the Council’s first obtaining from such person his or her written con- Non-Attribution Rule governing what is said at meetings. sent thereto.”

89 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers

Directors David Rockefeller 1949–85 Elliot L. Richardson 1974–75 Isaiah Bowman 1921–50 W. Averell Harriman 1950–55 Franklin Hall Williams 1975–83 Archibald Cary Coolidge 1921–28 Joseph E. Johnson 1950–74 Nicholas deB. Katzenbach 1975–86 Paul D. Cravath 1921–40 Grayson Kirk 1950–73 Paul A. Volcker 1975–79, John W. Davis 1921–55 Devereux C. Josephs 1951–58 1988–99 Norman H. Davis 1921–44 Elliott V. Bell 1953–66 Theodore M. Hesburgh 1976–85 Stephen P. Duggan 1921–50 John J. McCloy 1953–72 Lane Kirkland 1976–86 John H. Finley 1921–29 Arthur H. Dean 1955–72 George H.W. Bush 1977–79 Edwin F. Gay 1921–45 Charles M. Spofford 1955–72 Lloyd N. Cutler 1977–79 David F. Houston 1921–27 Adlai E. Stevenson 1958–62 Philip L. Geyelin 1977–87 Otto H. Kahn 1921–34 William C. Foster 1959–72 Henry A. Kissinger 1977–81 Frank L. Polk 1921–43 Caryl P. Haskins 1961–75 Winston Lord 1977–85 Whitney H. Shepardson 1921–66 James A. Perkins 1963–79 Stephen Stamas 1977–89 William R. Shepherd 1921–27 William P. Bundy 1964–74 Marina v.N. Whitman 1977–87 Paul M. Warburg 1921–32 Gabriel Hauge 1964–81 C. Peter McColough 1978–87 George W. Wickersham 1921–36 Carroll L. Wilson 1964–79 Richard L. Gelb 1979–88 Allen W. Dulles 1927–69 Douglas Dillon 1965–78 Graham T. Allison Jr. 1979–88 Russell C. Leffingwell 1927–60 Henry R. Labouisse 1965–74 William D. Ruckelshaus 1979–83 George O. May 1927–53 Robert V. Roosa 1966–81 James F. Hoge Jr. 1980–84 Wesley C. Mitchell 1927–34 Lucian W. Pye 1966–82 George P. Shultz 1980–82 Owen D. Young 1927–40 Alfred C. Neal 1967–76 William D. Rogers 1980–90 Armstrong 1928–72 1967–74 Walter B. Wriston 1981–87 Charles P. Howland 1929–31 Cyrus R. Vance 1968–76, Lewis T. Preston 1981–88 1932–37 1981–87 Warren Christopher 1982–91 Clarence M. Woolley 1932–35 Hedley Donovan 1969–79 1982–88 Frank Altschul 1934–72 Najeeb E. Halaby 1970–72 Robert A. Scalapino 1982–89 Philip C. Jessup 1934–42 Bayless Manning 1971–77 Harold Brown 1983–92 Harold W. Dodds 1935–43 W. Michael Blumenthal 1972–77, Stanley Hoffmann 1983–92 Leon Fraser 1936–45 1979–84 Juanita M. Kreps 1983–89 John H. Williams 1937–64 Zbigniew Brzezinski 1972–77 Brent Scowcroft 1983–89 Lewis W. Douglas 1940–64 Elizabeth Drew 1972–77 Clifton R. Wharton Jr. 1983–92 Edward Warner 1940–49 George S. Franklin 1972–83 Donald F. McHenry 1984–93 Clarence E. Hunter 1942–53 Marshall D. Shulman 1972–77 B.R. Inman 1985–93 Myron C. Taylor 1943–59 Martha Redfield Wallace 1972–82 Jeane J. Kirkpatrick 1985–94 Henry M. Wriston 1943–67 Paul C. Warnke 1972–77 Peter Tarnoff 1986–93 Thomas K. Finletter 1944–67 Peter G. Peterson 1973–83, Charles McC. Mathias Jr. 1986–92 William A.M. Burden 1945–74 1984– Ruben F. Mettler 1986–92 Walter H. Mallory 1945–68 Robert O. Anderson 1974–80 James E. Burke 1987–95 Philip D. Reed 1945–69 Edward K. Hamilton 1974–83 Richard B. Cheney 1987–89, Winfield W. Riefler 1945–50 Harry C. McPherson Jr. 1974–77 1993–95

90 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers

Robert F. Erburu 1987–98 Laura D’Andrea Tyson 1997– Honorary President Karen Elliott House 1987–98 Roone Arledge 1998– Elihu Root 1921–37 Glenn E. Watts 1987–90 Diane Sawyer 1998–99 Thomas S. Foley 1988–94 Martin S. Feldstein 1998– Executive Vice Presidents James D. Robinson III 1988–91 Bette Bao Lord 1998– John Temple Swing 1986–93 1988–93 Michael H. Moskow 1998– Michael P. Peters 2002– John L. Clendenin 1989–94 John Deutch 1999– William S. Cohen 1989–97 Robert E. Rubin 2000– Senior Vice Presidents Joshua Lederberg 1989–98 Andrew Young 2000– Alton Frye 1993–98 John S. Reed 1989–92 Kenneth M. Duberstein 2001– Kenneth H. Keller 1993–95 Alice M. Rivlin 1989–92 Henry S. Bienen 2001– Larry L. Fabian 1994–95 William J. Crowe Jr. 1990–93 Joan E. Spero 2001– Michael P. Peters 1995–2002 Thomas R. Donahue 1990–2001 Vin Weber 2001– Paula Dobriansky 2001 Richard C. Holbrooke 1991–93, Fouad Ajami 2002– Charles G. Boyd 2001–2002 1996–99, Ronald L. Olson 2002– David Kellogg 2002– 2001– Thomas R. Pickering 2002– Janice L. Murray 2002– Robert D. Hormats 1991– Chairmen of the Board Vice Presidents John E. Bryson 1992–2002 Paul D. Cravath 1921–33 Maurice R. Greenberg 1992–2002 Russell C. Leffingwell 1946–53 John J. McCloy 1953–70 Norman H. Davis 1933–36 Karen N. Horn 1992–95 Edwin F. Gay 1933–40 James R. Houghton 1992–96 David Rockefeller 1970–85 Peter G. Peterson 1985– Frank L. Polk 1940–43 Charlayne Hunter-Gault 1992–98 Russell C. Leffingwell 1943–44 Kenneth W. Dam 1992–2001 Vice Chairmen of the Board Allen W. Dulles 1944–46 Donna E. Shalala 1992–93 Grayson Kirk 1971–73 Isaiah Bowman 1945–49 Alton Frye 1993 Cyrus R. Vance 1973–76, Henry M. Wriston 1950–51 Richard N. Cooper 1993–94 1985–87 David Rockefeller 1950–70 Rita E. Hauser 1993–97 Douglas Dillon 1976–78 Frank Altschul 1951–71 E. Gerald Corrigan 1993–95 Carroll L. Wilson 1978–79 Devereux C. Josephs 1951–52 Leslie H. Gelb 1993–2001, Warren Christopher 1987–91 David W. MacEachron 1972–74 2002– Harold Brown 1991–92 John Temple Swing 1972–86 Paul A. Allaire 1993–2002 B.R. Inman 1992–93 Alton Frye 1987–93 Robert E. Allen 1993–96 Jeane J. Kirkpatrick 1993–94 William H. Gleysteen Jr. 1987–89 Theodore C. Sorensen 1993– Maurice R. Greenberg 1994–2002 John A. Millington 1987–96 Garrick Utley 1993– Carla A. Hills 2001– Margaret Osmer-McQuade 1987–93 Carla A. Hills 1994– William J. McDonough 2002– Nicholas X. Rizopoulos 1989–94 Helene L. Kaplan 1994–96 Karen M. Sughrue 1993–98 Frank G. Zarb 1994–96 Presidents Abraham F. Lowenthal 1995– Robert B. Zoellick 1994–2001 John W. Davis 1921–33 Janice L. Murray 1995–2002 Les Aspin 1995 George W. Wickersham 1933–36 David J. Vidal 1995–97 Mario L. Baeza 1995–2001 Norman H. Davis 1936–44 Ethan B. Kapstein 1995–96 Peggy Dulany 1995– Russell C. Leffingwell 1944–46 Frederick C. Broda 1996–97 Jessica P. Einhorn 1995– Allen W. Dulles 1946–50 Kenneth Maxwell 1996 William J. McDonough 1995– Henry M. Wriston 1951–64 Gary C. Hufbauer 1997–98 Frank Savage 1995–2002 Grayson Kirk 1964–71 David Kellogg 1997–2002 George Soros 1995– Bayless Manning 1971–77 Paula J. Dobriansky 1997–2001 Hannah Holborn Gray 1995–98 Winston Lord 1977–85 Anne R. Luzzatto 1998– George J. Mitchell 1995– John Temple Swing* 1985–86 Lawrence J. Korb 1998– Louis V. Gerstner Jr. 1995– Peter Tarnoff 1986–93 Elise Carlson Lewis 1999– Lee Cullum 1996– Alton Frye 1993 Robert C. Orr 2002– Vincent A. Mai 1997– Leslie H. Gelb 1993– Irina A. Faskianos 2002– Warren B. Rudman 1997–

91 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers

Executive Directors C. Peter McColough 1985–87 Kenneth H. Keller* 1994–95 Hamilton Fish Armstrong 1922–28 Lewis T. Preston 1987–88 Ethan B. Kapstein 1995–96 Malcolm W. Davis 1925–27 James E. Burke 1988–89 Kenneth Maxwell 1996 Walter H. Mallory 1927–59 David Woodbridge 1989–94 Gary C. Hufbauer 1997–98 George S. Franklin 1953–71 Janice L. Murray 1994– Lawrence J. Korb 1998– Secretaries Editors of Foreign Affairs Directors of Meetings Edwin F. Gay 1921–33 Archibald Cary Coolidge 1922–28 George S. Franklin 1949–50 Allen W. Dulles 1933–44 Hamilton Fish Armstrong 1928–72 William Henderson 1952–54, Frank Altschul 1944–72 William P. Bundy 1972–84 1955–56 John Temple Swing 1972–87 William G. Hyland 1984–92 Melvin Conant 1954–55,* Judith Gustafson 1987–2000 James F. Hoge Jr. 1992– 1956–57,* Lilita V. Gusts 2000– 1957–59 Directors of Studies George V.H. Moseley III 1959–62 Treasurers Percy W. Bidwell 1937–53 Harry Boardman 1962–69 Edwin F. Gay 1921–33 Philip E. Mosely 1955–63 Zygmunt Nagorski Jr. 1969–78 Whitney H. Shepardson 1933–42 Richard H. Ullman 1973–76 Marilyn Berger 1978–79 Clarence E. Hunter 1942–51 Abraham F. Lowenthal 1976–77 Margaret Osmer-McQuade 1979–93 Devereux C. Josephs 1951–52 John C. Campbell 1977–78 Karen M. Sughrue 1993–98 Elliott V. Bell 1952–64 Paul H. Kreisberg 1981–87 Anne R. Luzzatto 1998– Gabriel Hauge 1964–81 William H. Gleysteen Jr. 1987–89 Peter G. Peterson 1981–85 Nicholas X. Rizopoulos 1989–94

*Pro-tempore

June 6, 2002, Meeting of the Board of Directors

Seated, Front Row: Carla A. Hills, Peter G. Peterson, Leslie H. Gelb, Third Row: John E. Bryson, Garrick Utley, Michael H. Moskow, William J. McDonough. Second Row: Henry S. Bienen, Fouad Ajami, Theodore C. Sorensen, Frank Savage, Peggy Dulany, Robert D. Hormats, Bette Bao Lord, Roone Arledge, Jessica P. Einhorn, Kenneth M. Duberstein, Louis V. Gerstner Jr., John Deutch, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, Vin Weber, Andrew Young, Lee Cullum, Martin S. Feldstein, George J. Mitchell. George Soros, Vincent A. Mai.

92 '*• Budget and Finance

In last year's annual report, we noted that the Council was McDonough, and the Investment Subcommittee, chaired well-positioned to pursue its goals in the year to come, by J. Tomilson Hill. We are more grateful than ever for whatever the "financial weather" might be. That proved, their good leadership and care for the Council's finances. thankfully to be the case even in the face of the added The net result of added funds, controlling expenditures, turbulence following September 11. Indeed, just as the and diversified resources is that the Council maintained an Council responded quickly to the war on terrorism, Council operating surplus again this year. This will help us, in this members, foundations, and other donors responded swiftly "new and worse world" that Les Gelb describes, to have and generously to our appeals for funding to support the resources in hand to deal with the challenges that will Council's reoriented and added programming. surely come our way and, especially, to support the And the Council's investment portfolio has also Council's new outreach goal in the coming year. weathered the storms of the past year, standing at just over $142 million on June 30,2002, thanks to the guidance of the Janice L. Murray Finance and Budget Committee, chaired by William J. Senior Vice President and Treasurer

Statement of Financial Position

2002 2001 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 10,304,000 $ 13,055,100 Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses 1,191,100 627,400 Grants and contributions receivable, current portion (Note 5) 5,258,700 5,044,600 Inventories, at lower of cost or market 170,700 179,700 Grants and contributions receivable, long-term portion (Note 5) 1,346,600 556,300 Contributions receivable for endowment (Note 5) 1,116,000 4,102,500 Land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment, net (Note 6) 22,568,600 23,323,500 Investments (Note 3) 81,270,500 83,881,200 Investments to be held in perpetuity (Note 3) 60,917,300 56,622,900 Total assets $184,143,500 $187,393,200

Liabilities and net assets Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 3,764,300 $ 3,234,900 Deferred subscription revenue 2,309,200 2,434,000 Accrued postretirement benefits (Note 8) 1,812,000 1,800,000 Total liabilities 7,885,500 7,468,900

Net assets (Notes 9 and 10): Unrestricted 75,143,800 77,370,300 Temporarily restricted 39,080,900 41,828,600 Permanently restricted 62,033,300 60,725,400 Total net assets 176,258,000 179,924,300 Total liabilities and net assets $184,143,500 $187,393,200 See accompanying notes.

93 Budget and Finance

Statement of Activities

Year ended June 30, 2002, with summarized financial information for the year ended June 30, 2001

2002 Temporarily Perman ently 2001 Unrestricted Restricted Restricted Total Total Operating revenue, support, and reclassifications Membership dues $ 3,354,900 $ 3,354,900 $ 3,032,600 Annual giving 3,184,900 3,184,900 2,826,400 Corporate memberships and related income 3,117,300 $ 95,000 3,212,300 2,722,800 Meetings 88,800 185,400 274,200 111,900 International Affairs Fellowships 106,700 106,700 344,300 Grants and contributions for Studies 6,499,200 6,499,200 6,705,000 Other grants and contributions 1,100,700 1,100,700 898,800 Foreign Affairs 5,008,700 5,008,700 4,447,100 Book publication 43,600 43,600 67,600 Investment income allocation (Note 4) 3,600,000 2,717,700 6,317,700 5,924,300 Rental income 977,500 977,500 920,800 Miscellaneous 796,000 796,000 872,600 Total operating revenue and support 20,171,700 10,704,700 30,876,400 28,874,200 Net assets released from restrictions (Note 9) 9,735,500 (9,735,500) — — Total operating revenue, support, and reclassifications 29,907,200 969,200 30,876,400 28,874,200

Operating expenses Program expenses: Studies Program 10,387,300 10,387,300 9,426,800 Meetings Program 3,124,500 3,124,500 3,300,500 Foreign Affairs 4,932,800 4,932,800 4,597,000 Book publication 596,000 596,000 542,000 National Program 627,700 627,700 584,400 International Affairs Fellowships 563,700 563,700 750,000 Communications 735,600 735,600 480,900 Total program expenses 20,967,600 20,967,600 19,681,600

Supporting services: Management and general 3,868,400 3,868,400 3,767,600 Membership 629,600 629,600 444,000 Fund-raising: Development 308,100 308,100 346,700 Corporate Program 661,700 661,700 624,500 Total fund-raising 969,800 969,800 971,200 Total supporting services 5,467,800 5,467,800 5,182,800

Total operating expenses 26,435,400 26,435,400 24,864,400

Excess of operating revenue, support, and reclassifications over operating expenses 3,471,800 969,200 4,441,000 4,009,800

94 Budget and Finance **ifm

Statement of Activities (continued)

Year ended June 30, 2002, with summarized financial information for the year ended June 30, 2001

2002 Temporarily Permanently 2001 Unrestricted Restricted Restricted Total Total Excess of operating revenue, support, and reclassifications over operating expenses brought forward $ 3,471,800 $ 969,200 $ 4,441,000 $ 4,009,800

Nonoperating revenue (Note 2) Investment loss in excess of spending rate (Note 4) (5,698,300) (3,716,900) (9,415,200) (3,921,200) Endowment contributions $ 1,307,900 1,307,900 11,623,600 Total nonoperating revenue (5,698,300) (3,716,900) 1,307,900 (8,107,300) 7,702,400

Change in net assets (2,226,500) (2,747,700) 1,307,900 (3,666,300) 11,712,200 Net assets, beginning of the year 77,370,300 41,828,600 60,725,400 179,924,300 168,212,100 Net assets, end of the year $75,143,800 $39,080,900 $62,033,300 $176,258,000 $179,924,300

See accompanying notes.

Statement of Cash Flows

Years ended June 30, 2002 and 2001

2002 2001 Operating activities Change in net assets $ (3,666,300) $11,712,200 Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation 1,573,400 1,490,500 Net realized and unrealized loss on investments 4,968,500 77,500 Contributions restricted for investment in endowment (1,307,900) (11,623,600) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (563,700) 104,200 Grants and contributions receivable (1,004,400) (237,700) Inventories 9,000 600 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 529,400 935,900 Deferred subscription revenue (124,800) 107,800 Accrued postretirement benefits 12,000 (2,000) Net cash provided by operating activities 425,200 2,565,400

•W^W 95 Budget and Finance

Statement of Cash Flows (continued)

Years ended June 30, 2002 and 2001

2002 2001 Investing activities Purchases of building improvements and equipment $ (818,500) $ (1,108,500) Purchases of investments (114,974,100) (119,686,000) Proceeds from sales of investments 108,321,900 110,640,000 Net cash used in investing activities (7,470,700) (10,154,500) Financing activities Contributions restricted for investment in endowment 4,294,400 8,184,200 Net cash provided by financing activities 4,294,400 8,184,200

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (2,751,100) 595,100 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 13,055,100 12,460,000 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 10,304,000 S 13,055,100

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information Non-cash investing and financing activity: Contributions receivable for investment in endowment $ 1,116,000 $ 4,102,500 See accompanying notes.

Notes to Financial Statements June 30, 2002 1. Organization The Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. (the "Council"), headquartered in New York City, is a nonprofit and nonpartisan membership organization dedicated to improving the understanding of U.S. foreign policy and international affairs through the exchange of ideas. The Council, established in 1921, serves as a center for scholarship and policy analysis, mobilizing resident senior staff, members, and other experts in dialogue, study, and the publications programs. It serves as a membership organization, comprising an ever-more diverse and multiprofessional community of men and women involved in international affairs. The Council also serves as a public education organization, reaching out nationally and internationally to disseminate ideas and collaborate with other institutions. The Council is a Section 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") and is a publicly supported organization as described in Section 509(a)(1) of the Code. The Council is also exempt from state and local income taxes. It is subject to tax on unrelated business income, which has not been significant.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Fund Accounting and Net Asset Classifications The Council considers all contributions and grants to be available for unrestricted use unless specifically restricted by the donor or grantor. Endowment contributions are invested, and pursuant to the Council's 5% policy (see Note 4), an investment allocation is made for general purposes (unrestricted) and specific program activities (temporarily restricted). In the accompanying financial statements, funds that have similar characteristics have been combined into three net asset classes: unrestricted, temporarily restricted, and permanently restricted. Unrestricted net assets represent funds that are fully available, at the discretion of management and the Board of Directors, for the Council to utilize in any of its program or supporting services. Temporarily restricted net assets comprise funds that are restricted by donors for a specific time period or purpose. Permanently restricted net assets consist of funds that must be maintained intact in perpetuity, but permit the Council to expend part or all of the income derived from the investment of the donated assets for either specified or unspecified purposes.

96 Budget and Finance

Support and Revenue Contributions, including a portion of membership dues, are recorded when received unconditionally, at their fair value. Gifts received with donor stipulations that limit the use of donated assets are reported as either temporarily or permanently restricted support. When a donor restriction expires, that is, when a time restriction ends or purpose restriction is fulfilled, temporarily restricted net assets are reclassified as unrestricted net assets and reported in the statement of activities as net assets released from restrictions. It is the Council's policy to imply a time restriction on gifts of long-lived assets and contributions to be used to acquire long-lived assets in the absence of explicit donor restrictions to that effect. Conditional contributions, such as grants with matching requirements, are recognized in the appropriate net asset class when the conditions have been met. Payments for subscriptions to Foreign Affairs are recognized as revenue over the period during which the subscriptions are fulfilled. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Council considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less, excluding cash equivalents held as investments, to be cash equivalents. Investments The Council's investments are recorded at their fair values, which are based on quoted market prices for individual debt and marketable equity securities. The Council's hedge funds, which consist of interests in investment limited partnerships and investment companies, are carried as follows: • The Council's investments in investment companies, represented by share ownership, are carried at the aggregate net asset value of the shares held by the Council. The net asset value is based on the net market value of the investment company's investment portfolio as determined by the management of the investment company. • The carrying values of investments in investment limited partnerships reflect the Council's net contributions to the respective partnerships and its share of realized and unrealized investment income and expenses of the respective partnerships. Investments held by the investment limited partnerships generally are carried at fair value as determined by the respective general partners. Land, Buildings and Building Improvements, and Equipment The Council follows the practice of capitalizing expenditures for land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment, and generally depreciates these assets on the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives (see Note 6). The fair value of donated property and equipment is similarly capitalized and depreciated. Measure of Operations The Council includes in its definition of operations all revenues and expenses that are an integral part of its programs and supporting activities, including an authorized investment income allocation (see Note 4) and all contributions except for those that are restricted for capital expenditures or have been permanently restricted by donors. Investment income, including net realized and unrealized gains and losses, earned in excess of (or less than) the Council's aggregate authorized spending amount, contributions for capital expenditures, and contributions to permanently restricted net assets are recognized as nonoperating activity. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 2001 Summarized Financial Information The accompanying financial statements include certain prior year summarized comparative information in total but not by net asset class. Such information does not include sufficient detail to constitute a presentation in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Accordingly, such information should be read in conjunction with the Council's financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2001, from which the summarized information was derived.

3. Investments The components of the Council's long-term investments were as follows:

June 30 2002 2001 Cost Carrying Value Cost Carrying Value Domestic equity securities $ 52,112,800 $ 50,878,200 47,654,000 $ 48,256,000 International equity securities 11,464,900 15,143,400 19,292,700 18,866,200 Foreign and corporate bonds 13,712,000 13,882,300 13,023,800 12,971,400 U.S. government agency obligations 12,527,400 12,665,600 15,173,500 15,429,700 Hedge funds 35,657,600 46,718,400 30,803,600 39,534,300 Money market funds 2,899,900 2,899,900 5,446,500 5,446,500 Total $128,374,600 $142,187,800 $131,394,100 $140,504,100

97 Budget and Finance

The hedge funds in which the Council has invested may trade various financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments include securities sold short and long, options contracts, and foreign currency forward contracts. Such transactions subject the hedge funds and their investors to market risk associated with changes in the value of the underlying securities, financial instruments, and foreign currencies, as well as the risk of loss if a counterparty fails to perform. The respective hedge fund managers endeavor to limit the risk associated with such transactions.

4. Investment Allocation It is a Council policy to make an annual investment allocation for the support of operations at 5% of the average market value of the investments for the three previous years. Amounts allocated to the unrestricted and temporarily restricted net asset classes are at the discretion of the Council. Investment income has been reported as follows: Year ended J line 30 2002 2001 Temporarily Unrestricted Restricted Total Total Dividends and interest, net of invest­ ment expenses of $828,600 and $856,100 in 2002 and 2001, respectively $ 1,267,400 $ 603,600 $ 1,871,000 $ 2,080,600 Net realized and unrealized losses (3,365,700) (1,602,800) (4,968,500) (77,500) Total return on investments (2,098,300) (999,200) (3,097,500) 2,003,100 Investment return used for current operations (3,600,000) (2,717,700) (6,317,700) (5,924,300) Investment loss in excess of amounts used for current operations $(5,698,300) $(3,716,900) $(9,415,200) $(3,921,200)

5. Grants and Contributions Receivable Receivables consist substantially of promises to give and are due from individuals, corporations, and foundations. Contributions receivable for endowment and capital expenditures are primarily due within one year. Grants and contributions receivable are due to be collected as follows: June 30 2002 2001 Less than one year $6,374,700 $9,147,100 One to five years 1,520,000 649,900 7,894,700 9,797,000 Less discount (using 6% rate) 173,400 93,600 Grants and contributions receivable, net $7,721,300 $9,703,400

6. Land, Buildings and Building Improvements, and Equipment Land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment, at cost, are summarized as follows: June 30 Estimated 2002 2001 Useful Life Land $ 1,854,300 $ 1,854,300 Buildings and building improvements 25,827,000 25,593,400 10-55 years Equipment 7,488,000 6,903,100 3-15 years 35,169,300 34,350,800 Less accumulated depreciation 12,600,700 11,027,300 $22,568,600 $23,323,500

7. Retirement Plan The Council has a defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees who meet the minimum service requirements. Payments, which are 12.5% of each participant's salary hired prior to July 1,1998, and 10% for each participant hired after this date, are made to Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and College Retirement Equity Fund to purchase individual annuities for plan members. The expense for the plan was $786,300 for 2002 and $744,400 for 2001. Participants must contribute 2.5% of their salaries and have the option to make additional contributions on their own behalf.

98 Budget and Finance

8. Other Postretirement Benefits The Council provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees. Employees are eligible for those benefits when they meet the criteria for retirement under the pension plan.

The following table presents the plan's related disclosures under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 132, Employers' Disclosures About Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, as accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 106, Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions: June 30 2002 2001 Benefit obligation $2,348,000 $2,116,000 Fair value of plan assets Unfunded status $2,348,000 $2,116,000 Accrued postretirement benefit cost in the statement of financial position $1,812,000 $1,800,000

For the year ended Benefit cost $198,000 $170,000 Benefits paid $186,000 $172,000 Weighted average assumptions Discount rate 7.0% 7.5% For purposes of calculating the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and the net periodic postretirement benefit cost, the average annual assumed rate of increase in the per capita cost of medical and dental benefits is 6% for 2002 and 2001 and decreasing to 5% in 2005 and thereafter.

9. Temporarily Restricted Net Assets Temporarily restricted net assets are restricted for the following purposes or time periods: June 30 2002 2001 Studies $24,740,200 $25,936,600 International Affairs Fellowships 4,212,800 3,723,100 Meetings 1,790,200 3,355,300 Studies—Next Generation 2,891,700 3,176,000 Capital expenditures 5,446,000 5,637,600 $39,080,900 $41,828,600

Temporarily restricted net assets were released from restrictioniss foforr ththee fulfillmenfulfillment t ooff ththee followinfol g during the years ended June 30: 2002 2001 Purposes and time periods: Studies $8,050,800 $5,943,800 International Affairs Fellowships 406,700 547,600 Meetings 504,000 956,200 Studies—Next Generation 264,300 83,000 Capital expenditures 231,600 248,100 Other 278,100 280,300 $9,735,500 $8,059,000

The amounts released from restrictions of $9,735,500 and $8,059,000 in 2002 and 2001, respectively, primarily represent revenue recognized in prior years and expended in 2002 and 2001, respectively.

99 r Budget and Finance

10. Permanently Restricted Net Assets At June 30, 2002 and 2001, the income on permanently restricted net assets is available for the following purposes: June 30 2002 2001 Studies $36,028,500 $35,149,600 International Affairs Fellowships 6,066,100 6,066,100 Meetings 3,931,700 3,502,700 Library 1,021,000 1,021,000 Unrestricted as to use 14,986,000 14,986,000 $62,033,300 $60,725,400

=U ERNST &YOUNG • Ernst & Young UP 5 Times Square New York, New York 10036-6530

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. We have audited the accompanying statement of financial position of the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. as of June 30, 2002, and the related statements of activities and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Council's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. The prior year summarized comparative information has been derived from the Council's 2001 financial statements and, in our report dated August 14, 2001, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. at June 30, 2002, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Jo^vt^y ~UH*>UL.LL? August 14, 2002

e of Ernst & Young Global

100 Staff

Executive Office Marieke Beeuwkes Communications Associate Cree Frappier Manager of Web Design and Development Leslie H. Gelb President Michael P. Peters Executive Vice President and Foreign Affairs Chief Operating Officer Janice L. Murray Senior Vice President and Treasurer Editorial Laura Winthrop Special Assistant to the President James F. Hoge Jr. Editor, Peter G. Peterson Chair Elva Murphy Assistant to the President Gideon Rose Managing Editor Greta Lundeberg Assistant to the Executive Vice President Jonathan D. Tepperman Senior Editor and Chief Operating Officer Helen Fessenden Senior Editor Sharon Herbst Assistant to the Senior Vice President Siddharth Mohandas Associate Editor and Treasurer Elisabeth Genn Assistant Editor Lilita V. Gusts Secretary of the Corporation Traci C. Nagle Production Editor Lee Feinstein Director for Strategic Policy Rosemary Hartman Assistant to the Editor Jeffrey A. Reinke Director of Special Programs Ann H. Coleman Assistant to the Managing Editor John A. Millington Counselor to the Chairman Eva Fearn Editorial Assistant and President John Temple Swing Of Counsel Publishing David Kellogg Publisher Terrorism: Questions and Answers Eugenia Hsu Circulation Manager Warren Bass Director of Special Projects/Terrorism Peter Chiu Circulation Analyst Program and Fellow Nina Johns Permissions and Licensing Coordinator Blake Eskin Staff Writer Sarah Masters Academic Program Coordinator Sarah Bright Staff Writer William Ledbetter Advertising Manager Shabnam Faruki Research Associate Michael Pasuit Marketing Coordinator Kate Julian Research Associate Melsha Winchester Advertising Assistant Yvonne Ng Coordinator, New Market Development Congressional Roundtable Program Nancy Eyde Assistant to the Publisher Alton Frye Presidential Senior Fellow and Co-Director, Congress and U.S. Foreign Policy Robert C. Orr Co-Director, Congress and U.S. Foreign Studies Program Policy Director of Studies Office C. Daryl Edwards Program Coordinator Lawrence J. Korb Vice President/Maurice R. Greenberg Chair and Director of Studies Center for Preventive Action Robert C. Orr Deputy Director of Studies William L. Nash Director and Senior Fellow Theophilos C. Gemelas Associate Director of Studies David L. Phillips Deputy Director and Senior Fellow Alicia Siebenaler Assistant Director of Studies Janine Hill Associate Director Judith Adams Assistant to the Vice President Kathleen Jennings Program Associate and Director of Studies Sameen Gauhar Assistant to the Associate Director Communications of Studies Lisa Shields Director of Communications Jean-Michel Oriol Budget Coordinator Marie X. Strauss Deputy Director Henry Grunwald Adjunct Senior Fellow

101 Staff

Africa Europe Mahesh K. Kotecha Adjunct Senior Fellow Charles A. Kupchan Senior Fellow and Director, Europe Studies Gwendolyn Mikell Senior Fellow Ronald D. Asmus Adjunct Senior Fellow James M. Goldgeier Adjunct Senior Fellow Asia Sheila Heslin Adjunct Senior Fellow Elizabeth C. Economy C.V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director, Michael Mandelbaum Senior Fellow Asia Studies Stephen R. Sestanovich George F. Kennan Senior Fellow Jerome A. Cohen Adjunct Senior Fellow, Asia Studies for Russian and Eurasian Studies Mahnaz Ispahani Senior Fellow, South and West Asia Jamie Fly Research Associate Eugene A. Matthews Senior Fellow, Asia Studies Jessica Fugate Research Associate Adam Segal Olin Fellow Rositsa Petrova Research Associate Calvin Sims Senior Fellow, Southeast Asia Studies Benjamin Brake Research Associate Latin America Kerry Fischer Research Associate Kenneth R. Maxwell Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Laura Geller Research Associate Fellow for Inter-American Studies and Faiza Issa Research Associate Director, Latin America Studies Julia E. Sweig Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Maurice R. Greenberg Center Latin America Studies for Geoeconomic Studies Tomás Amorim Director of Western Hemisphere Affairs Caroline Atkinson Adjunct Senior Fellow, International Michael McCarthy Research Associate Economics Marcio Siwi Research Associate Jagdish N. Bhagwati André Meyer Senior Fellow in Middle East International Economics Olin Senior Fellow and Director, Joel Hellman Adjunct Senior Fellow Rachel Bronson Middle East Studies Youssef Ibrahim Senior Fellow, Middle East Studies, and Manager of Strategic Planning, Maurice R. Michael Doran Adjunct Senior Fellow Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies Youssef Ibrahim Senior Fellow, Middle East Studies, and Manager of Strategic Planning, Marie-Josée Kravis Adjunct Senior Fellow, Economics Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Roger M. Kubarych Henry Kaufman Adjunct Senior Fellow in International Economics and Finance Geoeconomic Studies Director, Middle East Forum Ann R. Markusen Senior Fellow, Industrial Policy Judith Kipper Fellow and Assistant Director, James J. Shinn Adjunct Senior Fellow Scott Lasensky U.S./Middle East Project Gene Sperling Senior Fellow for Economic Policy and Director, Center on Universal Education Richard W. Murphy Hasib J. Sabbagh Senior Fellow for the Middle East Benn Steil André Meyer Senior Fellow in International Economics Henry Siegman Senior Fellow and Director, U.S./Middle East Project Bruce Stokes Adjunct Senior Fellow, Economic Studies: Trade Rachel Abramson Assistant Director, Middle East Studies Philip K. Verleger Jr. BP Senior Fellow in International Ardith Darcy Economics Bender-Levy Program Associate Research Associate Michael M. Weinstein Adjunct Senior Fellow Inga-britt Hunter John Neffinger Associate Director, Center on Universal National Security Education Kenneth M. Pollack Olin Senior Fellow and Director, National Bonnie Berry Project Manager, Center on Universal Security Studies Education Richard K. Betts Adjunct Senior Fellow, National Security Anne Alikonis Research Associate Studies Olivia Carballo Research Associate Charles G. Boyd Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in Mary Dinh Research Associate National Security and European Affairs Robert Knake Research Associate Stephen E. Flynn Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow, Ferry Pausch Research Associate National Security Studies Uday Ram Program Associate Bernard E. Trainor Adjunct Senior Fellow Matthew Rosenberg Research Associate Sean Burke Research Associate Robert Knake Research Associate

102 Staff

Peace and Conflict Visiting Fellows, 2002–2003 Morton H. Halperin Senior Fellow and Director, Peace and Salvatore F. Cambria USA Military Fellow Conflict Studies; U.S. Foreign Policy; Walter D. Givhan USAF Military Fellow and Center for Democracy and Free Markets Jeffrey L. Fowler USN Military Fellow Robert P. DeVecchi Adjunct Senior Fellow, Refugees Martin D. Peatross USMC Military Fellow and the Displaced Celia Dugger Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow Arthur C. Helton Senior Fellow, Refugee Studies and Helena Kane Finn Cyrus Vance Fellow in Diplomatic Studies Preventive Action Anna Gelpern International Affairs Fellow in Residence Radha Kumar Adjunct Senior Fellow, Peace and Conflict Studies Ruth Wedgwood Senior Fellow, International Organizations Meetings and Law Anne R. Luzzatto Vice President, Meetings Jennifer Seymour Nancy D. Bodurtha Deputy Director Whitaker Adjunct Senior Fellow Anastasia Malacos Assistant Director Kimberly M. Zisk Fellow Franceso Barbacci Program Coordinator Eliana Jacobs Research Associate Carolyn Jander Program Coordinator Marie Jeannot Assistant to the Senior Fellow for Refugee Jennifer Sieg Program Coordinator Studies and Preventive Action Peggy Papadakis Program Associate David Pacheco Research Associate Allison Scharf Program Associate Valerie Brazill Director of Special Events Science and Technology Katherine Boyle Assistant Director, Special Events Richard L. Garwin Philip D. Reed Senior Fellow and Director, Science and Technology Bruce M. DeBlois Adjunct Senior Fellow Washington Program Jordan S. Kassalow Adjunct Senior Fellow Robert C. Orr Vice President and Director, Washington Rob Nelson Senior Fellow, Science and Technology Program David G. Victor Adjunct Senior Fellow Joy Drucker Deputy Director Denise Gomes Research Associate Tybee Kiejdan Assistant to the Vice President and Director Jeremy Marwell Research Associate Linda Harsh Associate Director U.S. Foreign Policy Noa Gimelli Assistant Director Christine Zehender Events Manager Morton H. Halperin Senior Fellow and Director, Peace and Jenna Munn Program Assistant Conflict Studies; U.S. Foreign Policy; Kathryn Parente Program Assistant and Center for Democracy and Free Markets Warren Bass Director of Special Projects/Terrorism Program and Fellow National and Outreach Programs Isobel Coleman Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy Irina A. Faskianos Vice President, National and Outreach Lee Feinstein Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy Programs and International Law Katherine Sobong Program Coordinator Walter Russell Mead Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy Rajan Menon Senior Fellow Joe Siegle Douglas Dillon Fellow David Kellogg Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs, Kiron Skinner Adjunct Fellow and Publisher Ronald Steel Whitney H. Shepardson Fellow Nancy Eyde Assistant to the Senior Vice President, Mirna Galic Research Associate Corporate Affairs and Publisher Kristen Gosselin Research Associate Derek Lundy Research Associate Corporate Affairs Peter Sickle Research Associate Jacqui Selbst Schein Director, Corporate Affairs Diplomat in Residence Kira Burns Corporate Affairs Associate Richard Butler Diplomat in Residence Jennifer Smith Corporate Affairs Associate

103 Staff

Council Publishing Reception Cristy Lemperle Reception Supervisor Patricia Lee Dorff Director of Publishing Jennifer Anmuth Editorial Assistant Kimberly Fielding Editorial Assistant Facility Operations Neftali Frank Alvarez Director of Facility Operations Correspondence: An International Review Phil Falcon Associate Director of Facility Operations of Culture and Society Ian Noray Supervisor, Mail and Duplicating Services Alexander Stille Editor Anthony Ramirez Work Request Coordinator David Jacobson Managing Editor Santo Ine Alers Senior Facility Assistant Angel Cordova Facility and Events Assistant Membership and Fellowship Affairs Gilbert Falcon Facility Assistant Mario Pedraza Facility Assistant Elise Carlson Lewis Vice President, Membership and Edwin Facility Assistant Fellowship Affairs Derek Velez Facility Assistant Allison Valencia Assistant Director, Membership and Lawrence White Facility Assistant Fellowship Affairs Bessie Skoures Assistant Director, Term Member Program Events Management Elizabeth Land Program Associate Mark Hudson Events Manager Aikojean Lane Program Associate Fernando Browne Assistant Events Manager Genna Weinstein Program Associate Chad Bowser Events Assistant

Janice L. Murray Senior Vice President and Treasurer Library and Research Services Development Lilita V. Gusts Director, Library and Research Services Marcia L. Sprules Associate Director Betty Kurdys Director of the Annual Fund Michelle McKowen Reference and Documents Librarian and Major Gifts Connie M. Stagnaro Research Intranet and Archives Lena Moy Program Associate Coordinator Rossana Ivanova Associate Director of Development Ming Er Qiu Technical Services Associate Elizabeth Dahan Development Associate Christine Quinn Library Assistant Barbara K. Miller Consulting Archivist Finance Peter Tyndale Director of Finance Information Services Sigi Silvani Staff Accountant Charles Day Director, Information Services Sharon Lalla Accounting Associate Deepak Trivedi Associate Director Linda Copeland Accounting Associate Albert Andrade Help Desk Technician Vera Langley Accounting Associate Alice McLoughlin Assistant to the Director of Information James Smith Accounts Payable Associate Services and Data Entry Specialist Virginia Rolston Parrott Training and Documentation Specialist Human Resources Chris O. Sierra LAN Administrator Jan Mowder Hughes Director, Human Resources Richard Wawzycki Database Administrator/Programmer Donna Sardella Associate Director Shantala Muddappa Human Resources Coordinator Bettina Schaeffer Human Resources Assistant Ellen Gustafson Interdepartmental Program Associate Julian Pardo de Zela Interdepartmental Program Associate

Note: Staff shown as of August 31, 2002.

104 Staff

New York

Washington, D.C.

105 Membership

The Council is a national membership organization with Membership Selection Procedure members divided almost equally among New York, Washington, D.C., and the rest of the country, plus those Membership Selection living overseas. The Council relies on its members for New members are named twice a year by the Board of their active engagement, substantive contributions, and Directors, which invites selected men and women to join support and counts on its members to identify and pro- based on recommendations by the Membership Commit- pose qualified prospects for membership. Membership tee. The Committee also meets twice a year and is com- development efforts are focused on identifying potential posed of five members of the Board and such other Council members from various professions, geographic members as the committee chair deems appropriate. To areas, and racial and ethnic groups. This year marked the be considered by the Membership Committee, candidates revival of the Women’s Membership Development must be proposed for membership by Council members. Group, under the leadership of co-chairs Anne-Marie The roster of members is listed in the annual report. Slaughter and Jewelle Bickford. The group succeeded in At every meeting, the Membership Committee consid- doubling the percentage of women in the pool of candi- ers significantly more candidates than those elected. dates for the spring selection meeting. Thus, it is inevitable that the names of some candidates will appear before the Committee on several occasions. Profile of the Membership Given the high level of the competition generally, some candidates may never be elected even though they may Number of Percentage of be thought by some to have the individual qualifications Members Membership outlined below. Location New York Area 1,304 32 Term Membership Washington, D.C., Area 1,316 32 In an effort to reach out to the next generation of leaders, National the Board has also established a separate Term Member- (including overseas) 1,455 36 ship Committee. This committee meets annually in the Total 4,075 100 spring to evaluate candidates between the ages of 28 and Profession 34 for consideration as five-year term members of the Business 1,265 31 Council. The selection process for term membership is Professors, Fellows, nearly identical to, although separate from, that for regu- and Researchers 752 18 lar members. Initiated nearly 30 years ago, the program Nonprofit 620 15 has grown to the point where the Board has gradually Government Officials 516 13 raised the yearly limit on the number of term members 313 8 who may be elected. At present, the limit is 110 and no University and College more than 35 of these are permitted to be age 30 or under. Administrators 292 7 Journalists, Correspondents, Becoming a Member and Editors 244 6 Current procedure requires that every candidate for reg- Other 73 2 ular membership be formally nominated in writing by Total 4,075 100 one member and seconded by a minimum of two other

106 Membership individuals, at least one of whom is a Council member. To Nominating Letters be considered for term membership, candidates must be Letters nominating a candidate for consideration by the nominated by one member and seconded by a minimum Membership Committee should address the following of one other Council member. It is recommended that at criteria that have been basic to the Committee’s least one letter from a current or former professional col- consideration of membership candidates: league be included. An additional letter or two from Council members reflecting different perspectives are • Intellectual attainment and expertise; welcome but not required. Currently, an average candi- • Degree of experience, interest, and current involve- dacy includes four to five letters of support. All candi- ment in international affairs or in other areas affect- dates must complete a nominee information form that ing international affairs; can be obtained from the membership office or from the • Promise of future achievement and service in for- Council website (www.cfr.org). The candidate must pro- eign relations; vide the following information: curriculum vitae or • Potential contributions to the Council’s work; chronological resume, which must include the candi- • Desire and ability to participate in Council activities; date’s date of birth and, if foreign-born, a statement that • Standing among his or her peers. he or she has been naturalized or is a permanent resident who has made formal application for citizenship. Addi- Seconding Letters tionally, the nominator or candidate should submit a list Seconding letters need not be so comprehensive but of the names of up to ten Council members by whom the should amplify why, in the opinion of the writer, a given candidate is well known. candidate should be considered for Council membership. Thoughtful, candid, and succinct comments are far more Rules and Regulations important in seconding and proposing letters than formal A candidate’s nominator bears the chief responsibility for endorsements of candidates. In seconding letters particu- seeing to it that filing deadlines for a candidacy are met larly, writers should express why a given candidate and that all required documents are submitted to the should be considered for Council membership for rea- Council’s membership affairs office in a timely manner. sons beyond the basic criteria above. Candidates and/or their nominators are responsible for While only two seconding letters are required to assure securing Council members to write seconding letters that a candidate’s name will be forwarded to the Mem- within the content guidelines prescribed below. Council bership Committee, one or two additional letters are fre- members are advised to commit themselves to supporting quently submitted at the initiative of either the nominator a candidacy only when they can fairly meet the require- or the candidate. Such letters are particularly helpful to ments of the process and the expectations of the candidates the Membership Committee when they add information who depend on them for assistance. Please also note: or insights about a candidate not already contained in a previous letter. All membership proposing, seconding, • Council membership is restricted to citizens of the and supporting letters should be mailed to the address United States or permanent residents of the United indicated at the end of this section. States who have made application to become citizens. • Members of the Council’s Board of Directors and Membership Committee are precluded from nomi- Deadlines nating, seconding, and writing supporting letters Strict observance of deadlines is essential to staff support on any candidate’s behalf. of the Membership Committee’s work, and we request • A member who is a spouse, close relative (such as par- your continuing cooperation. The preparation of individ- ent, brother or sister, cousin, etc.), or near in-law of a ual membership files for submission to the Membership candidate may not formally propose or second that Committee is a continuing process. Candidates whose candidate for membership in the Council. Members files are not completed in time for any given meeting of should also refrain from writing on behalf of clients. the Committee have their files carried forward, without Members should write only in support of candi- prejudice, to the subsequent meeting, but are considered dates whom they know well. only if completed.

107 Membership

REGULAR MEMBERSHIP—For prospective regular members, tee, and may continue to submit new materials and the deadlines for receipt of all materials for the two secure additional letters of support. The process is yearly meetings of the Committee to consider regular entirely one of affirmative selection, i.e., from the large membership candidates are March 1 and September 15. and evolving pool of nominees, the Committee and the Board choose a number of members without prejudice to TERM MEMBERSHIP—For prospective term members, the the candidacies of those remaining in the pool. deadline for receipt of all materials for the annual meet- ing of the Committee to consider term membership can- didates is January 31. Contact for All Membership Matters and Correspondence: Notification of Candidates Elise Carlson Lewis, Vice President of Membership and Candidates recommended by the Membership Commit- Fellowship Affairs, Council on Foreign Relations, 58 East tee and elected by the Board are so notified, as are their 68th Street, New York, New York 10021; Telephone: (212) nominators and seconders. Candidates remain eligible 434-9400; Fax: (212) 434-9801; E-mail: [email protected]. for consideration at subsequent meetings of the Commit- Visit our website at www.cfr.org.

Presider Peter G. Peterson and Speaker Al Gore, former Vice President of the United States, at the February 12, 2002, Meeting, “A Commentary on the War Against Terror: Our Larger Tasks.”

108 Membership Roster

Alderman, Michael H. Anderson, Paul E Asencio, Diego C. Baker, Howard H. Jr. Aldrich, George H. Anderson, Robert O. Asmus, Ronald D. Baker, James A. Ill Aaron, David L. Alexander, Margo N. Andreas, Dwayne O. Assousa, George E. Baker, John R Abbot, C. Spencer Alexander, Robert J. Andreas, Terry Lynn Atherton, Alfred Baker, Nancy Abbot, Charles S. Alford, Roger R Andrews, David R. Leroy Jr. Kassebaum Abbott, Wilder K. Alford, William P. Andrews, Michael A. Athreya, Bama Baker, Pauline H. Abboud, A. Robert Ali, Mustafa Javedt Ansour, M. Michael Atkins, Benjamin A.+ Baker, Stewart A. Abboud, Labeeb M. Allaire, Paul A. Anthoine, Robert Atwood, J. Brian Baker, Thurbert E. Abdelal, Rawi Allbritton, Joe L. Anthony, John Duke Auer, James E. Bakhash, Shaul Abel, Elie Allen, Jodie T. Aossey Nancy A. Auerbach, Stuart C. Bakstansky Peter Abercrombie- Allen, Lew Jr. Apgar, David P. Augustine, Norman R. Balaran, Paul Winstanley, Allen, Richard V. Aponte, Mari Carmen Auspitz, Josiah Lee Baldwin Moody, Gina Kay Allen, William L.* Appiah, Kwame Ausubel, Jesse H. Carol Abernethy, Robert Allison, Graham T. Anthony Avedon, John F. Baldwin, David A. John Allison, Richard C. Apter, David E. Avery, John E. Baldwin, H. Furlong Aboelnaga, Mona Almond, Michael A. Arciniega, Tomas A. Awuah, Patrick G. Jr. Baldwin, Robert Abramowitz, Alpern, Alan N. Arcos, Cresencio S. Axelrod, Robert M. Edward Morton I. Alter, Jonathan H. Areizaga-Soto, Ayers, H. Brandt Baldwin, Sherman Abrams, Elliott Alter, Karen J. Jaime A. Ayres, Alyssa C.t Bales, Carter E Abshire, David M. Alterman, Jon B. Arkin, Stanley S. Azim, Khalid Balick, Kenneth Aburdene, Odeh F. Altaian, Roger C. Arledge, Roone Baliles, Gerald L. Ackerman, Peter Altaian, William C. Armacost, Michael H. Band, Laurence M.* Adams, Gordon M. Altshuler, David Armstrong, Anne L. Bandler, Donald K. Adams, Robert Alvarado, Donna Armstrong, C Michael B Barber, Benjamin R. McCormick Maria Armstrong, John Babbitt, Bruce Barber, Charles F. Adelman, Carol C. Alvarez, Jose E. Alexander Jr. Babbitt, Eileen E Barber, James Alden Adelman, Kenneth L. Amador, Angelo I.t Armstrong, Lloyd Jr. Babbitt, Harriet C. Bardel, William G. Adler, Allen R. Ames, Oakes Arnhold, Henry H. Bacon, Kenneth H. Barger, Teresa C. Agnew, Harold M. Amos, Deborah Susan Arnold, Millard W Bacot, J. Carter Barkan, Joel D. Agostinelli, Robert E Andelman, David A. Aron, Adam M. Bader, William B. Barkey Henri J. Ahearn, William Andersen, Harold W. Aronson, Bernard W Baer, Donald A. Barks-Ruggles, Erica Edward Anderson, Craig B. Aronson, Jonathan Baer, M. Delal Jean Ann, Woodrow Anderson, Desaix David Baeza, Mario L. Barnes, Harry G. Jr. Aho, C. Michael Anderson, Aronson, Michael Bagley Elizabeth Barnes, Michael D. Aidinoff, M. Bernard Edward G III Arredondo, Fabiola R. Frawley Barnet, Richard J. Aizenman, Nurith Anderson, John B. Arsht, Adrienne Bailey, Charles Waldo Barnett, E William Ajami, Fouad Anderson, Lisa Art, Robert J. Bains, Leslie E. Barrett, Barbara Akins, James E. Anderson, Marcus A. Arthurs, Alberta Baird, Charles E McConnell Albright, Madeleine Anderson, Mark A. Artigiani, Carole Baird, Zoe Barrett, John Adams

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

109 Membership Roster

Barry, John L. Bellinger, John B. D3 Bialos, Jeffrey P. Blumrosen, Alexander Bradley, William L. Barry, Lisa B. Bello, Judith H. Bibbins, Nicole M. Bernet Brady, Jacqueline V. Barry, Thomas Bencke, Matthew J. Bickford, Jewelle Bob, Daniel E. Brady, Linda Parrish Corcoran Bender, Gerald J. Biddle, George C. Bobbitt, Philip Chase Brady Nicholas F. Barshefsky, Charlene Benedict, Kennette M. Biegun, Stephen E. Bode, Ken A. Brady, Rose Bartholomew, Benjamin, Esther T. Biel, Eric R. Bodea, Andy S. Brainard, S. Lael Reginald Benmosche, Robert H. Biemann, Betsy Boeker, Paul H. Branch, Daniel H. Bartlett, Joseph W. Bennet, Douglas J. Bienen, Henry S. Boelhouwer, Branscomb, Lewis M. Bartlett, Timothy J. Bennett, Andrew Bierley John C. Pieter JA.t Brauchli, Marcus W Bartley, Robert L. Owen Biersteker, Thomas J.* Bogert, Carroll R. Braunschvig, David Bartsch, David A. Bennett, Christina A. Biggs, John H. Boggs, Michael D. Brazeal, Aurelia E. Basek, John T. Bennett, Susan J. Bijur, Peter 1. Bohen, Frederick M. Breck, Henry R. Bash, Jeremy B. Bensahel, Nora J. Bilder, Richard B. Bohlen, Avis T. Breed, Henry Eltinge Basora, Adrian A. Benshoof, Janet Bindenagel, James D. Bohn, John A. Bremer, L. Paul III Bass, Peter E. Benson, Lucy Wilson Binger, James Henry Boiling, Landrum R. Breslauer, George Bass, Warren Bereuter, Douglas K. Binkley Nicholas Bolton, John R. William Bassolino, Francis Bergen, Margaret Burns Bond, George Clement Bresnan, John J. Keith Berger, Joshua A. Binnendijk, Hans Bond, Robert D. Brewer, John D. Bates, Pamela M.t Berger, Marilyn Birdsall, Nancy Bondurant, Amy L.* Breyer, Chloe A.t Batkin, Alan R. Berger, Samuel R. Birenbaum, David E. Bonime-Blanc, Andrea Breyer, Stephen G Bator, Francis M. Berger, Suzanne Birkelund, John P. Bonney, J. Dennis Brigety Reuben E. lit Battaglia, Charles C. Bergsten, C. Fred Birnbaum, Eugene A. Booker, Salih Brimmer, Andrew E Baumann, Carol Edler Bering, Helle Bishop, Sanford D. Jr. Bookout, John F. Brimmer, Esther Diane Baxter, Randolph Berkowitz, Bruce D. Bissell, Richard E. Boot, Max Brinkley David Bean, Frank D. Berkowsky Pamela B. Black, Joseph E. Booth, Carter Brinkley, Douglas G. Beattie, Richard I. Berman, Howard L. Black, Leon D.* Boren, David L. Britt, David V.B. Becherer, Hans W. Berman, Jonathan E. Black, Borgen, Christopher J. Brittenham, Bechky, Perry S. Bernard, Kenneth W Black, Stanley Warren Borio, Luciana L.t Raymond L. Becker, Elizabeth H.* Berndt, John E. Blacker, Coit D. Bork, Ellen Britton, Dennis A.* Beckler, David Z. Bernstein, Peter W Blackwell, J. Kenneth Boschwitz, Rudy Broad, Robin Beeman, Richard E. Bernstein, Robert L. Blackwill, Robert D. Bose, Meena Broadman, Harry G Begley Louis Bernstein, Tom A. Blake, Robert O. Bosworth, Stephen W. Brock, Steven V. Behringer, Michael P.t Berresford, Susan Vail Blank, Stephen Botts, John C. Broda, Frederick C. Behrman, Jack N. Berrie, Scott D. Blechman, Barry M. Bouckaert, Peter N. Brodsky William J. Beierle, Thomas C. Berris, Jan Bleier, Edward Boufford, Jo Ivey Brody Christopher W. Bouis, Antonina W Beim, David O. Berry, Elizabeth Clayt Blendon, Robert Jay Brody, Kenneth D. Boulware-Miller, Kay* Beim, Nicholas E* Bersin, Alan D. Blinder, Alan S. Brokaw, Tom Bouton, Marshall M. Belfer, Robert A. Bertini, Catherine Ann* Blinken, Alan John Bromley, D. Allan Bovin, Denis A. Bell, Burwell B. Bertsch, Gary K. Blinken, Donald Bronfman, Edgar M. Bowen, William G. Bell, Gordon P. Beshar, Peter J. Bloch, Julia Chang Bronson, Rachel Bower, Joseph Lyon Bell, J. Bowyer Bessie, Simon Michael Bloom, David A.t Brookins, Carole L. Bower, Whitney A.* Bell, Jonathan N.t Bestani, Robert M. Bloom, Evan T Brooks, Harvey Bowie, Robert R. Bell, Joseph C. Bestor, Theodore C. Bloomberg, Michael R. Brooks, Karen B. Bowles, Erskine B. Bell, Mack Berts, Richard K. Bloomfield, Lincoln P. Brooks, Risa A.t Boyd, Charles G Bell, Peter Dexter Beutner, Austin M. Bloomfield, Richard J. Brooks, Rosa Bell, Robert G. Bloomgarden, Kathy Boylan, Delia M. Bewkes, Jeffrey Ehrenreich Bell, Ruth Greenspan Bracken, Paul Beyer, John C. Finn Brower, Charles N. Bell, Steve Brademas, John Beyzavi, Kian Blum, Richard C. Brown, Alice L. Bell, Thomas D. Jr. Bradford, Zeb B. Jr. Bhala, Raj Blumenthal, Sidney S. Brown, Bartram S. Bell-Rose, Stephanie K. Bradley, Bill Bialer, Seweryn Blumenthal, W Brown, C. Michael Bellamy, Carol Bradley, Edward R. Bialkin, Kenneth J. Michael Brown, Carroll

110 Membership Roster

Brown, Frederic J. Bushner, Rolland H. Carey, John Chan, Gerald L. Christopher, Warren Brown, Gwendolyn A. Bussey John C. Carey, Sarah C. Chan, Ronnie C. Churchill, Buntzie Ellis Brown, Harold Butler, George Lee Carlos, Manuel Luis Chang, David C. Cilluffo, Frank Brown, Kathleen Butler, Samuel C. Carlson, Scott A. Chang, Gareth C.C. Cimbalo, Jeffrey L. Brown, L. Carl Butler, William J. Carlucci, Frank C. Chang, Joyce Cirincione, Joseph Brown, Lester R. Buultjens, Ralph Carmichael, Chang, Juju Clapp, Priscilla A. Brown, Michael Buxbaum, Richard M. William D. Chanin, Clifford Clarida, Richard H. Arrington Buyske, Gail Carnesale, Albert Chanis, Jonathan A. Clark, Dick Brown, Michael E. Byman, Daniel L. Carothers, Thomas Chao, Elaine L. Clark, J. H. Curium Brown, Phoebe W. Byrne, Patrick M.* Carpenter, Ted Galen Chapman, Margaret Clark, Noreen M. Brown, Richard P. Jr. Carr, John W Holt Clark, Vernon E.* Browne, Robert S. Carrington, Walter C. Charles, Cory Clark, Wesley K. Browning, David S. Carroll, J. Speed Charles, Robert Bruce Clark, William Jr. Bruce, Judith Carruth, Reba Anne Charney, Jonathan Isa Clarke, Donald C. Bruemmer, Russell J. Cabot, Louis W Carson, Charles Charnovitz, Steve* Clarke, Jack G. Bryan, Greyson L. Cabranes, Jose A. William Jr. Charpie, Robert A. Clarke, Teresa Hillary* Bryant, Michael E. Caceres, Diane Alleva Carswell, Robert Chartener, Robert Clarkson, Lawrence W. Bryant, Ralph C. Caesar, Camille M. Carter, Ashton B. Chase, Anthony R. Claussen, Eileen B.* Bryson, John E. Cahill, Kevin M. Carter, Barry E. Chatterjee, Purnendu Clement, Peter A. Brzezinski, Zbigniew Cahn, Anne Hessing Carter, Hodding III Chaves, Robert J. Clemetson, Lynettet Buchman, Mark E. Cain, Kenneth L. Carter, James Earl Chavez, Linda Cleveland, Harlan Buckley, William F. Jr. Calabia, Dawn T. Carter, James H. Chavira, Ricardo Cleveland, Peter Bueno de Mesquita, Calabresi, Massimo Carter, Mark Andrew Chayes, Antonia Matthews Bruce Calder, Kent Eyring Carter, Marshall Handler Clifford, Donald K. Jr. Buergenthal, Thomas Caldera, Louis E.* Nichols Checki, Terrence J. Cline, William R. Bugliarello, George Caldwell, Dan Casper, Gerhard Cheever, Daniel S. dinger, William F. Jr. Bullock, Mary Brown Caldwell, Philip Cassidy, Eileen E. Chen, Kimball C. Clinton, Bill Bumpas, Stuart Califano, Joseph A. Jr. Cattarulla, Elliot R. Chenault, Kenneth I. Cloherty Patricia M. Maryman Calingaert, Daniel Catto, Henry E. Cheney, Elizabeth L. Cloonan, Edward T. Bunzel, Jeffrey H. Callaghy, Thomas M. Caufield, Frank J. Cheney, Richard B. Cloud, Stanley W. Burand, Deborah K. Callander, Robert J. Caulfield, Matthew P. Cheney, Stephen A. Clough, Michael Burck, William A. Callen, Michael A. Cavanagh, Richard Cherian, Saj Coatsworth, John H. Burgess, Geoffrey P. Calleo, David Patrick Edward Cherry, Pedro P. Cobb, Charles E. Jr. Burgess, John A. Camner, Danielle D.t Cavanaugh, Carey Cheston, Sheila C* Cobb, Sue McCourt* Burke, James E. Campbell, Carolyn Cave, Ray Charles Chickering, A. Cobb, Tyrus W Burkhalter, Holly J. Margaret Cebrowski, Arthur Lawrence Cochran, Barbara S. Burn, Christopher J. Campbell, Colin G. Karl Choi, Audrey Cochran, Molly M. Burnett, Christina Campbell, F. Gregory Celeste, Richard F. Choi, Stephen J. Coffey, C. Shelby m Duffy Campbell, Kurt M. Cerjan, Paul G. Chollet, Derek H. Coffey, Joseph I. Burnley, James H. IV Campbell, Thomas J. Cha, Victor D. Cholmondeley, Coffman, Vance Burns, Patrick Owen Campbell, William Chace, James C. Paula H.J. Cohen, Abby Joseph Burns, R. Nicholas Cannella, Margaret* Chacho, Tania Mariet Choucri, Nazli Cohen, Ariel Burns, William F. Capehart, Jonathan Chadda, Maya Christensen, Thomas J. Cohen, Benjamin J. Burns, William J. Cappello, Juan Carlos Challenor, Christianson, Cohen, Betsy Burrows, Mathew* Caputo, David A. Herschelle S. Geryld B. Cohen, Eliot A. Burt, Richard R. Caputo, Lisa M. Chambers, Anne Cox Christie, Ronald Irvin Cohen, Herman J. Burton, Daniel F. Jr. Carbonell, Nestor T. Chamoun, Walid Christman, Daniel Cohen, Jerome Alan Cohen, Joel E. Bush, Robert C. Jr. Carey, Hugh L. Georges William

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

Ill Membership Roster

Cohen, Paul H.t Cooper, Kathleen B. Curley, Walter J.R Jr. Davis, Vincent Dennis, Everette E. Cohen, Richard M. Cooper, Kerry Curran, R. T. Davison, Kristina Denny, Brewster C. Cohen, Roberta Jane Cooper, Rebecca J. Curtis, Charles B. Perkin Denoon, David B.H. Cohen, Stephen Bruce Cooper, Richard N. Curtis, Gerry Davison, W Phillips Denton, Hazel Cohen, Stephen F. Cooper, Scott A.t Cusimano Love, Dawisha, Karen Lea Denton, James S. Cohen, Stephen S. Corbet, Kathleen A. Maryann K. Dawkins, Peter M. DePoy, Phil E. Cohen, Warren I. Cornelius, Wayne A. Cutler, Lloyd N. Dawson, Christine L. Dergham, Raghida Cohen, William S. Cornell, Henry Cutler, Walter L. Dawson, Horace G. Jr. Derian, Patricia Colagiuri, Elizabeth L. Cott, Suzanne Cutshaw, Kenneth A. Dawson Carr, Murphy Colbert, Evelyn Speyer Cotter, William R. Cutter, Ana Grier Marion M. Derr, Kenneth T Colby, Jonathan E. Courtney, William H. Cutter, W. Bowman Day, Arthur R. Derrick, James V. Jr. Cole, Johnnetta B. Covey, Jock Cyr, Arthur I. Day, Robert A. Derryck, Vivian Cole, Samuel A. Cowal, Sally Grooms Days, Drew Lowery Cole, Thomas Cowan, Geoffrey Saunders III Desai, Padma Winston Jr. Cowan, L. Gray de Borchgrave, Desai, Rohit M. Coleman, Isobel Cowhey, Peter F. D Arnaud DeShazer, MacArthur Coleman, Lewis W Cox, Edward F. D'Amato, Alfonse M. de Janosi, Peter E. DeSouza, Patrick J. Coleman, William T. Jr. Cox, Howard E. Jr. Daalder, Ivo H. de la Garza, Despres, Gina H. Coles, Julius E. Crahan, Margaret E. Dabelko, Geoffrey D. Rodolfo O. Destler, I. M. Coll, Alberto R. Craner, Lome W Dady, Teresa Gail* de Menil, George Deutch, John Collins, Joseph J. Crawford, John F. Dailey, Brian D. de Menil, Joy A. Deutch, Philip J. Collins, Mark M. Jr. Crawford, Timothy W.t Dale, William B. de Menil, Lois Pattison Deutch, Shelley Comstock, Philip E. Jr. Creekmore, Daley, William M.* de Rothschild, Lynn DeVecchi, Robert P. Conaton, Erin C.t Marion V. Jr. Dallara, Charles H. Forester Devine, C. Maury Concepcion, Gina Crichton, Kyle Dailey, George Albert de Swaan, Jean- Devine, John J. Celcis Crile, George III Dalfmeyer, Christophet Devine, M. Colette Condit, Philip H* Crippen, Dan L.* Dorinda G. de Vries, Rimmer Devine, Thomas J. Cone, Sydney M. HI Crittenden, Ann Dal ton, James E. Deagle, Edwin A. Jr. De Young, Karen J. Conley, Daltont Crocker, Bathsheba N. Dam, Kenneth W Dean, Jonathan Diamond, Michael W Connelly, Matthew Crocker, Chester A. Dam, Marcia Wachs Dean, Robert W Diaz, Charley L.* Jamest Cromwell, Adelaide Damrosch, Lori Fisler Dear, Alice M. Dickey, Christopher Conners Petersen, McGuinn Dancy, John A.G. Debevoise, Eli Dicks, Norman D. Leila Anne Cross, Devon G. Danforth, William H. Whitney II Dickson-Horton, Connolly, Gerald E. Cross, June V. Daniel, D. Ronald Debs, Barbara Valerie L. Connor, John T. Jr. Cross, Sam Y. Daniel, Donald C.F. Knowles Didion, Joan Considine, Jill M. Cross, Theodore Danin, Robert M. Debs, Richard A. Diebold, John Constable, Pamela Crossette, Barbara Danner, Mark D. DeBusk, F. Amanda Diehl, Jackson K. Conway, Jill Crowe, William J. Dash, Michele DeCrane, Alfred C. Jr. Dilenschneider, Cook, Frances D. Crowley, Monica Samantha Decyk, Roxanne J. Robert L. Cook, Gary M. Elizabetht DaSilva, Russell J. Dedrick, Fred T. Dillon, Douglas Cooke, Goodwin Crown, Lester David, Jack Deffenbaugh, DiMartino, Rita Cooke, John F. Cruise, Daniel Lester Davidson, Ralph K. Ralston H. Jr. Dimon, James Coombe, George Crystal, Lester M. Davidson, Ralph Deibel, Terry L. Dine, Thomas A. William Jr. Cullum, Lee Parsons del Olmo, Frank Dinerstein, Robert C. Coombs, Philip H. Cumming, Davis, Evan A. Phillip Dinh, Viet D. Coon, Jane Abell Christine M.* Davis, Jacquelyn K. Del Rosso, Stephen J. Dinkins, David N. Cooney, Joan Ganz Cumpiano, Flavio Davis, Jerome Demeo, Marisa J. DiPerna, Paula Cooper, Charles A. Cuneo, Donald Davis, Kathryn W Deming, Rust Diuk, Nadia Cooper, Chester L. Cunningham, James B. Davis, Kim Gordon Macpherson Djerejian, Edward P. Cooper, James H.S. Cunningham, Davis, Lynn E. Denham, Robert E. Djerejian, Gregory Cooper, John Milton Jr. Nelson W Davis, Nathaniel Denison, Robert J. Dobriansky, Paula J. r 112 Membership Roster

Doctoroff, Daniel* Due, Johnita P. Edelman, Albert I. Epstein, Jeffrey Feinstein, Lee Dodd, Christopher J. Duelfer, Charles A. Edelman, Gerald M. Epstein, Joshua M. Feissel, Gustave Dodd, Thomas J. Duersten, Althea L. Edelman, Marian Erb, Guy F. Feist, Samuel H. Doebele, Justin W. Duffey, Joseph D. Wright Erb, Richard D. Feith, Douglas J. Doerge, David J. Duffie, David A. Edelman, Richard Erbsen, Claude E. Feldman, Daniel F. Doherty, William C. Duffy, Gloria Winston Erburu, Robert F. Feldman, Mark B. Doi, Ayako* Charmian Edelstein, Julius C.C. Ercklentz, Alexander T. Feldman, Noah R.t Doley, Harold E. Jr. Duffy, James H. Edington, Mark D.W Esfandiari, Haleh Feldman, Sandra Dominguez, Jorge I. Duke, Robin Chandler Edley, Christopher Jr. Esserman, Susan G. Feldstein, Martin S. Donahue, Thomas R. Dulany, Peggy Edwards, Estabrook, Robert H. Fenzel, Michael R. Donaldson, Robert H. Dunbar, Charles F. George C. HI* Esty, Daniel C. Ferguson, Charles H. Donaldson, William H. Duncan, Charles Edwards, Howard Etzioni, Amitai* Ferguson, Glenn W. Donatich, John E.* William Jr. Edwards, Mickey Evans, Gail H. Ferguson, James L. Donfried, Karen Erika* Duncan, Graham A. Edwards, Robert H. Evans, Harold M. Ferguson, Ronald E. Donilon, Thomas E. Duncan, John C. Edwards, Tamalat Evans, Tatjana H. Ferlic, Suzanne R. Donnellan, April Dunigan, Patrick Efros, Laura L. Fernandes, Anthony C. Kanne Andrew Eggers, Thomas E. Fernandez, Jose W. Donohue, Douglas S.t Dunkerley, Craig G. Eichengreen, Barry J. Ferrari, Frank E. Doran, Charles F. Dunlop, Joan B. Eikenberry, Karl Ferraro, Geraldine A. Dorsen, Norman Dunn, Kempton Eilts, Hermann Fabian, Larry L. Ferrazzi, Keith Dory, Amanda Jean Dunn, Lewis A. Frederick Fairbanks, Edward Dougan, Diana Lady Dunn, Michael M. Einaudi, Luigi R. Charles H. Jr. Ferre, Antonio Luis Dougherty, James P. Dur, Philip A. Einhorn, Jessica P. Fairbanks, Ferre, Helen Aguirre Douglass, Loren Durkin, Patrick J. Einhorn, Robert J. Richard M. HI Ferre, Maurice A. Douglass, Robert R. Dutton, Frederick G. Eisenbeis, Kerit Fairman, David M. Ferrell, Lisa Carolyn Dowling, John Dworkin, Douglas A.* Eisendrath, Charles R. Falco, Mathea Fesharaki, Fereidun Nicholas* Dyke, Nancy Bearg Eisner, Michael Falcoff, Mark Fessenden, Hart Doyle, Michael W. Dyson, Esther Eizenstat, Stuart E. Falk, Pamela S. Fiedler, Jeffrey L. Draper, William H. ffl Elder, Christine A.t Falk, Richard A. Fields, Bertram H. Drayton, William Elliott, Inger McCabe Fallon, Robert E. Fields, Craig I. Dreier, David* Elliott, Osborn Fallows, James Fife, Eugene V. Drell, Sidney D. Ellis, James Reed Fanton, Jonathan Fifield, Russell Hunt Drew, Elizabeth Eagleburger, Ellis, Mark S. Foster Figueroa Kupc,u, Dreyfuss, Joel Lawrence S. Ellis, Patricia Faraon, J. Rodney Maria C. Drezner, Daniel W t Earle, Ralph II Ellis, Rodney Farer, Tom J. Filippone, Robert J. Drimmer, Jonathan East, Maurice A. Ellison, Keith Paty Farkas, Evelyn N. Finberg, Barbara D. Drobnick, Richard Lee Eastman, John Ellsberg, Daniel Farley, Maggie M. Findakly, Hani K. Drucker, Joy E.* Lindner* Ellsworth, Robert F. Farmer, Thomas L. Finel, Bernard I. Drucker, Richard A. Eastman, Michael R. Elson, Edward E. Farnsworth, Eric P. Finger, Seymour Druckerman, Pamela Easum, Donald B. Ely, John Hart Farrar, Jay C. Maxwell Druyan, Ann Eberhart, Ralph E. Ely-Raphel, Nancy Farrar, Stephen Finkelstein, Duberstein, Eberle, William D. Halliday Prescott Lawrence S. Kenneth M. Eberstadt, Nicholas Embree, Ainslie T. Faskianos, Irina A. Finley, Sonya L.t Dubin, Seth H. Nash Emerson, John B. Fawaz, Leila Finn, Edwin A. Jr. DuBrul, Echols, Marsha A. Ensor, David B. Feigenbaum, Evan A. Finnemore, Martha Stephen M. Jr. Ecton, Donna R. Entwistle, L. Brooks Feinberg, Richard E. Finney, Paul B. Duckenf ield, David Eddleman, Linda Epstein, Barbara Feiner, Ava S. Firestone, Charles M. Adams Hiniker Epstein, Jason Feingold, Catherinet Firmage, Edwin B.

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

113 Membership Roster

Fischer, Stanley Fowler, Wyche Jr. Frist, William H* Gardner, Nina Geyelin, Philip L. Fisher, Peter R. Fox, Daniel M.* Froman, Michael B.G. Luzzatto Geyer, Georgie Anne Fisher, Richard W. Fox, Donald T. Fromkin, David Gardner, Richard N. Gfoeller, Joachim Jr. Fisher, Roger Fox, Eleanor M. Fromm, Joseph Garment, Leonard Gfoeller, Michael Fishlow, Albert Fox, Joseph Carrere Frost, Ellen L. Garment, Suzanne R. Gfoeller, Tatiana C. Fisk, Daniel W. Fraga Neto, Arminio Fry, Earl H. Garnett, Sherman Ghiglione, Loren Fitchett, Mercedes Franck, Thomas M. Frye, Alton Gart, Murray J. Giacomo, Carol Ann Carmelat Francke, Albert Fudge, Ann M. Garten, Jeffrey E. Gibbons, John Howard Fitts, Sarah A.W. Frank, Andrew D. Fuerth, Leon S. Garthoff, Raymond L. Gibney Frank B. Fitz-Pegado, Lauri J. Frank, Barney Fukushima, Glen S. Garwin, Richard L. Giffen, James Henry FitzGerald, Frances Frank, Brian L. Fukuyama, Francis Gaston, Patricia E. Giffin, Gordon D. Fitzgibbons, Harold E. Frank, Charles R. Jr. Fuld, Richard S. Jr. Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Gilbert, Jackson B. Flaherty, Pamela Frank, Isaiah Fuller, Kathryn S. Gates, Philomene A. Gilbert, Steven J. Flaherty, Peter Frank, Richard A. Fuller, William P. Gates, Robert M. Gill, Bates Flake, L. Gordon Frankel, Francine R. Fung, Mark T. Gati, Charles , Michael Flanagan, Peter L. Frankel, Jeffrey A. Fung, Victor K. Gati, Toby Trister James Flanagan, Stephen J. Franklin, Barbara Furlaud, Richard M. Gaudiani, Claire L. Gilmore, James S. Ill Flanders, Stephanie H. Hackman Furman, Gail Cause, F. Gregory III Gilmore, Kenneth O. Flanigan, Peter M. Franklin, William Futter, Ellen V. Gay, Catherine Gilmore, Richard Fleischmann, Alan H. Emery Gayle, Helene D. Gilpin, Robert G. Jr. Flournoy, Michele A. Frazier, Kenneth C. Gedmin, Jeffrey Gingrich, Newton L. Flynn, George J. Frazier, Myra M. Geertz, Clifford Ginn, Samuel L. Flynn, Stephen E. Fredericks, Wayne Geier, Philip O. Ginsberg, Marc Fn'Piere, Patrick Fredman, Jonathan M. Gaddis, John Lewis Geithner, Peter F. Charles John* Freedman, Eugene M. Gadiesh, Orit B. Geithner, Timothy F. Ginsburg, David Foege, William H. Freeman, Bennett Gadsden, Amy E.t Gelb, Amos Ginsburg, Jane C. Fogleman, Ronald R. Freeman, Constance J. Gaer, Felice D. Gelb, Bruce S. Ginsburg, Ruth Bader Foglesong, Robert H. Freeman, Harry L. Gaines, James R. Gelb, Leslie H. Ginsburg, Thomas B.t Foley, S. R. Jr. Freidheim, Cyrus F. Galbraith, Evan G. Gelb, Richard L. Glaser, Bonnie S. Foley, Thomas S. Freidheim, Stephen C. Galbraith, Peter W Gell-Mann, Murray Glauber, Robert R. Folsom, George A. Freimuth, Ladeene A. Gallagher, Dennis Gellert, Michael E* Gleysteen, Peter Fonts, Carlos E. Frelinghuysen, Gallucci, Robert L. Gellman, Barton Gleysteen, Gelpern, Anna Foote, Edward T. II Peter H.B. Galper, Joshua P.t William H. Jr. George, John M. Foote, William Frey, Donald N. Galvin, John R. Globerman, Norma Georgescu, Peter Fulbright Freytag, Richard A. Galvis, Sandra Gluck, Carol Ford, Gerald R. Fribourg, Paul J. Galvis, Sergio J. Andrew Gluck, Frederick W Ford, Paul B. Jr. Fried, Edward R. Ganguly, Sumit Gephardt, Richard A. Glueck, Jeffrey Scott Fore, Henrietta Friedberg, Aaron Louis Gann, Pamela B. Gerber, Burton L.* Godchaux, Frank A. HI Holsman Friedman, Alexander Gannon, John C. Gerber, Louis Goeltz, Richard K. Forman, Shepard L. Stephen Ganoe, Charles S. Gergen, David R. Goheen, Robert F. Forrest, Michelle R.t Friedman, Bart Gantcher, Nathan Gerhart, Gail M. Coins, Charlynn Forrester, Jason Friedman, Garcia, Marlen Germain, Adrienne Goldberg, Michael E. Williamt Benjamin M. Garcia-Johnson, Ronie Gerschel, Patrick A. Goldberg, Ronnie L. Forstmann, Friedman, Elisabeth J. Richele Gershman, Carl Goldberger, Bruce N.t Theodore J. Friedman, Fredrica S. Garcia-Passalacqua, Samuel Goldberger, Marvin L. Forsythe, Rosemarie Friedman, Jordana D. JuanM. Gerson, Allan Golden, James R. Fortna, V. Page Friedman, Stephen Gard, Robert G. Gerson, Elliot F. Golden, William T. Fosler, Gail D. Friedman, Stephen J. Gardels, Nathan P. Gerson, Ralph J. Goldgeier, James M. Foster, Brenda Lei Friedman, Thomas L. Gardner, Anthony Gerstner, Louis V. Jr. Goldin, Harrison J. Foster, Charles C. Frieman, Wendy Laurence Getler, Michael Goldin, Matthew N.t Foster, Richard N. Friend, Theodore W Gardner, James A. Gewirtz, Paul* Goldman, Charles N.

114 Membership Roster

Goldman, Guido Graff, Robert D. Grimes Waldorf, Julie Hakakian, Roya Harmon, James A. Goldman, Marshall I. Graham, Bob Grimes, Joseph Hakim, Peter Harms, Blaire M. Goldman, Merle D. Graham, Carol Lee Anthony Jr. Halaby Najeeb E. Harpel, James W. Goldmark, Peter C. Jr. Graham, Thomas Jr. Grissom, Janet Mullins Hale, David D. Harper, Conrad K. Goldschmidt, Neil Graham, Thomas W. Grondine, Robert E* Hall, C. Barrows Harris, David A. Goldsmith, Barbara* Grand, Stephen R. Grose, Peter Hall, John P. Harris, Jay T. Goldsmith, Jack Granoff, Michael D. Gross, Martin J. Hall, Kathryn Walt Harris, John M. Landman HI Grant, Stephen A. Gross, Patrick W. Hall-Martinez, Harris, Joseph E. Goldsmith, Robert S. Graubard, Stephen Grove, Brandon H. Jr. Katherine C. Harris, Katherine Goldstein, Gordon Richards Grove, Paul C. Halle, Claus M. Harris, Martha Goldstein, Jeffrey A. Graves, Howard D. Groves, Ray J. Hallerberg, Mark S. Caldwell Goldstein, Morris Gray, Hanna Holborn Grunwald, Henry A. Hallingby, Paul Jr. Harrison, Hope M.* Goldwyn, David L. Greathead, R. Scott Guerra-Mondragon, Halperin, David R. Harrison, Selig S. Golob, Paul D. Greco, Richard Jr. Gabriel Halperin, Morton H. Harrison, William B. Jr. Golob, Stephanie Ruth Green, Bill Gund, Agnes* Halstead, Ted Hart, Brett J. Gomory, Ralph E. Green, Carl J. Gundlach, Andrew S. Haltzel, Michael H. Hart, Gary Gompert, David C. Green, Ernest G. Gupta, Sanjay K.t , David A. Hart, Todd Christopher Gonzalez, Nelson Green, Jerrold D. Gupte, Pranay Hamburg, Margaret Hartley, Jane D.* Ricardo Green, Michael J. Gustavson, Celine Ann Hartman, Arthur A. Goodby, James E. Green, Shane Stephaniet Hamilton, Ann O. Hartzell, Jon K* Goodman, Allan E.* Greenawalt, Alexander Gutfreund, John H. Hamilton, Charles V. Haskell, John H.F. Jr. Goodman, Andrea Kent Antont Guth, John H.J. Hamilton, Daniel Hatfield, Robert S. Pierce Greenberg, Arthur N. Guthman, Edwin O. Hamilton, Edward K. Hathaway, Robert M.* Goodman, George J.W. Greenberg, David Gwertzman, Hamilton, Hugh Hatheway, Gina Goodman, Herbert I. Greenberg, Evan G. Bernard M. Gerard Jr.* Marie L. Goodman, John B. Greenberg, Glenn H* Gwin, Catherine Hamilton, Jonathan C. Hauge, John Resor Goodman, Roy M. Greenberg, Jeffrey W. Hamilton, Lee H. Hauser, Rita E. Goodman, Sherri W. Greenberg, Karen J. Hamilton, Ruth Sirnms Hauser, William Locke Goodpaster, Andrew J. Greenberg, Lisat Hammonds, D. Holly Havell, Theresa A. Gordon, Albert H. Greenberg, Maurice R. H Hamre, John J. Hawkins, Ashton Gordon, John A. Greenberg, Sanford D. Ha, Joseph M. Hanauer, Larry Hawley, F. William Gordon, Lincoln Greenberger, Robert Haaland, Lynn E. Hancock, Ellen Hawthorne, Steronica Gordon, Michael R. Stephen Haas, Mimi L. Hand, Scott M. Dunston Gordon, Philip H. Greene, Joseph N. Jr. Haas, Peter E. Handelman, Stephen Hayek, Alexandre P. Gordon-Reed, Greene, Margaret L. Haas, Robert D. Hansell, Herbert J. Hayes, Margaret Daly Annette* Greene, Wade Haass, Richard N. Hansen, Carol Rae Hayes, Rita Derrick Gorelick, Jamie S. Greenfield, James L. Habsburg, Inmaculada Hanson, Carl Thor Haynes, Fred Gorman, Joseph T. Greenspan, Alan Hachigian, Nina L. Hantz, Giselle P. Haynes, Lukas Goss, Porter J. Greenwald, G. Hackett, Craig D. Hantzopoulos, Evie Harrison Gotbaum, Victor Jonathan Haddad, Yvonne Harari, Maurice Haynes, Ulric Gottemoeller, Rose Greenway, Hugh D.S. Yazbeck Hardin, Edward J.* Hayward, Thomas B. Gottfried, Kurt Gregg, Donald P. Hadley, Stephen J. Harding, Deborah A. Healy, Harold H. Jr. Gottlieb, Gidon A.G. Gregorian, Vartan Hafner, Joseph A. Jr. Harding, Harry Hearn, Ruby P. Gottlieb, Stuart Gregson, Wallace C. Jr. Hagel, Chuck Hardt, John P. Heck, Charles B. Gottsegen, Peter M. Greve, Louisa Coan Hagen, Katherine A. Hargrove, John Hecker, Siegfried S. Gould, Peter G. Griego, Linda Haggard, Stephan Lawrence Hedstrom, Mitchell W Gourevitch, Peter A. Griffiths, Phillip A.* Hahn, Keith D. Harman, Jane Heep-Richter, Graff, Henry Franklin Grikscheit, Alyssa A. Haig, Alexander M. Jr. Harman, Sidney Barbara D.

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

115 Membership Roster

Heer, Paul Hertzberg, Arthur Hoffman, Adonis E. Howard, Christopher Huyck, Philip M. Heginbotham, Hertzberg, Hendrik Hoffman, Auren Bernard Hyatt, Joel Z. Stanley J. Herz, Barbara Hoffman, Bruce Howard, John R. Hyland, William G. Hehir, J. Bryan Herzfeld, Charles M. Hoffmann, Stanley Howard, Lyndsay C. Hyman, Allen I. Hermann, John G. Herzstein, Robert E. Hofman, Steven I.* Howard, Heimbold, Hesburgh, Hoge, James E Jr. M.William Jr. Charles A. Jr. Theodore M. Hoge, Warren M. Howell, Ernest M. Heimowitz, James B. Hess, John B. Hoguet, George Howell, Peter I Heineman, Hessler, Curtis A. Roberts Howson, Nicholas C. Ibargiien, Alberto Benjamin W. Jr. Hewlett, Sylvia Ann Hoinkes, Mary Hoyt, Mont P. Ignatius, David R Heineman, Melvin L. Hiatt, Fred Elizabeth Hrynkow, Sharon H. Ijaz, Mansoor Heintz, Stephen B. Hicks, Irvin Holbrooke, Richard C. Hsu, Ta-Lin Ikenberry, G. John Heintzen, Harry Hicks, John E Sr. Holden, John L. Htun, Mala N. Ikle, Fred C. Leonard Hicks, Peggy L.* Holdren, John P. Huber, Richard L. Ilchman, Alice Stone Heinz, Teresa Higginbotham, E Hollick, Ann Lorraine Huberman, Benjamin Immergut, Mel M. Hejlik, Dennis J. Michael Holliday, Stuart W. Hudson, Manley O. Jr. Inderfurth, Karl E Helander, Robert C. Higgins, Heather Hollifield, James Hudson, Michael C. Indyk, Martin S.* Heldring, Frederick Richardson* Frank* Huebner, Lee W Ingersoll, Robert S. Heleniak, David W.* Higgins, Robert E Holloway, Dwight E Jr. Hufbauer, Gary C. Inman, Bobby R. Heifer, Ricki Tigert Higgins, Tracy E. Holmer, Alan F. Huffington, Roy M. Intriligator, Michael D. Heller, Richard M. Hight, B. Boyd Holmes, Henry Allen Hughes, Duane L. Irish, Leon E. Hellman, E Warren Hightower, Edward T. Holmes, Kim R. Hughes, Lynn N. Irvin, Patricia L. Hellmann, Donald Hill, J. Tomilson Holmes, Stephen T. Hughes, Lyric M. Irwin, David Wallace Charles Hill, James T. Holowesko, Hughes, R. John Isaacs, Maxine Helm, Robert W. Hill, Joseph C. Alessandra Griffiths Hughes, Thomas Isaacson, Walter S. Helman, Robert A. Hill, Pamela Hoist, Eric Allant Lowe Isaza-Tuzman, Helms, Richard Hill, Raymond D. Holt, Pat M. Huizenga, John W Kaleil D. Helprin, Mark Hillen, John E III* Holum, John D. Hultman, Tamela Iselin, John Jay Helton, Arthur C. Hillenbrand, Martin J. Hooker, Richard D. Jr. Hultquist, Timothy A. Isenberg, Steven L. Hendrickson, David C. Hillgren, Sonja Hoopes, Townsend W. Hume, Cameron R. Isham, Christopher Henkin, Alice H. Hills,CarlaA. Hope, Judith Richards Hume, Ellen H. Isles, Adam R. Henkin, Louis Hilton, Robert P. Hope, Richard O. Hunker, Jeffrey A. Ispahani, Mahnaz Hennessy, John M. Hinerfeld, Ruth Horelick, Arnold L. Hunt, Swanee Isser, Deborah H. Henninger, Daniel R Hines, Rachel Horlick, Gary N. Hunter, Robert E. Istel, Yves-Andre Henrikson, Alan K. Hinton, Deane R. Hormats, Robert D. Hunter, Shireen T. Itoh, William H. Henry, Nancy L. Hirsch, John L. Horn, Karen N. Hunter, William Curt* Ivester, M. Douglas Hentges, Harriet Hirschman, Albert O. Horn, Sally K. Hunter-Gault, Izlar, William H. Jr. Herberger, Roy A. Jr. Hirsh, Michael P.* Horner, Matina Charlayne Hermann, Charles F. Hoagland, Jim Souretis Huntington, David S. Hernandez, Antonia Hoar, Joseph Paul Hornik, Richard H. Huntington, Patricia Hobart, Matthew Todd Hernandez Colon, Horowitz, Irving Louis Skinner J Hobbs Miracky, Rafael Horton, Alan W Huntington, Samuel Jabber, Paul Herrnstadt, Owen Tammany D.* Horton, Robert Scott Phillips Jackelen, Henry Edward Hobson, H. Lee* Hosmer, Bradley C. Hurewitz, J. C. Jacklin, Nancy P. Herskovits, Jean Hoch, Frank W. Hoston, Germaine A. Hurlock, James B. Jackson, Bruce P. Hersman, Hodin, Michael W.* Hottelet, Richard C. Hurlock, Matthew Jackson, Jesse L. Rebecca K.C. Hoeber, Amoretta M. Houghton, Amory Jr. Hunter Jackson, John Howard Herspring, Dale R. Hoehn, Andrew R. Houghton, James R Hurst, Robert J. Jackson, Lois M. Herter, Christian A. Jr.* Hoehn, William E. Jr. Houlihan, Kathleent Hurwitz, Sol Jackson, Sarah Herter, Frederic P. Hoenlein, Malcolm I. House, Karen Elliott Hutchings, Robert L. Jacob, John E. Hertog, Roger Hoffman, A. Michael Howard, A. E. Dick Hutchins, Glenn H. Jacobs, Eli S.

116 Membership Roster

Jacobs, Jack H* Jones, Kali C.t Kang, C. S. Eliot* Kea, Charlotte G. Kim, Hanya Marie Jacobs, Nehama Jones, Kerri-Ann Kang, Richard S.t Kean, Thomas H. Kim, Sukhan Jacobson, Jerome Jones, Nigel W. Kann, Peter R. Keel, Alton G. Jr. Kimmitt, Robert M. Jacobson, Mark R. Jones, Sidney R. Kansteiner, Keene, Lonnie S. Kimsey, James V. Jacoby, Tamar Jones, Thomas V. Walter H. Ill Keeny, Spurgeon M. Jr. King, Henry L. Jaffe, Amy Myers Jones, Thomas W. Kanter, Arnold Kelleher, Catherine M. King, John A. Jr. Jakub, Jay Joost, Peter Martin Kanter, Rosabeth Moss Kellen, Stephen M. King, Kay James, Francis J. Jordan, Amos A. Kantor, Mickey Keller, Edmond J. King, Robert R. Janes, Jackson Jordan, Eason T. Kaplan, Gilbert E. Keller, Kenneth H. Kipper, Judith Janis, Mark Weston Jordan, Vernon E. Jr. Kaplan, Helene L. Kellerman, Barbara L. Kirkland, Richard I. Janklow, Morton L. Joseph, Geri M. Kaplan, Jeffrey A. Kelley, Paul X. Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. Janow, Merit E. Joseph, James A. Kaplan, Mark N. Kellner, Peter Bicknell Kirkpatrick, Jaquette, Jane S. Joseph, Richard A. Kaplan, Stephen S. Kellogg, David Melanie M. Jarvis, Nancy A. Josephson, William Kapp, Robert A. Kelly, Arthur L. Kiser, Stephen D. Jastrow, Robert Joyce, John T. Kapstein, Ethan B. Kelly, James P. Kissinger, Henry A. Jenkins, Bonnie D. Juhasz, Christina S.t Karabell, Zacharyt Kelly, John H. Kittrie, Orde F. Jenkins, Jennifer C.t Jumper, John P. Karalekas, Anne Kelman, Herbert C. Kizer, Karin L. Jervis, Robert Junz, Helen B. Karamanian, Susan L. Kemble, Eugenia Klasky, Helaine S. Jessup, Alpheus W. Juster, Kenneth I. Karatnycky, Adrian Kemp, Geoffrey Kleiman, Robert Jessup, Philip C. Jr. Jutkowitz, Karatz, Bruce E. Kempe, Frederick S. Klein, David Jeter, Howard F. Alexander S.t Karis, Thomas G. Kempner, Klein, Edward Jillson, Calvin C. Karl, Terry Lynn Maximilian W Klein, George Joffe, Robert D. Karnow, Stanley Kendall, Donald M. Klein, Jacques Paul Johns, Lionel Skipwith Karns, Margaret P. Kenen, Peter B. Klein, Joseph A. Johnson, Howard W. K Kartman, Charles Keniston, Kenneth Klimp, Jack Wilbur* Johnson, James A. Kasdin, Robert Kadel, Eric John Jr.t Kennan, Christopher J. Kline, Roger C. Johnson, James E. Kass, Stephen L. Kaden, Lewis B. Kennan, Elizabeth T. Klotz, Frank G. Johnson, Jay L. Kassalow, Jordan S. Kadlec, Robert P. Kennan, George F. Klurfeld, James M. Johnson, Jeh Charles Kassof, Allen H. Kagan, Donald Kennedy, Caroline Knell, Gary E. Johnson, Karen H. Kassoy, Andrew R. Kagan, Robert W Bouvier* Knight, Edward S. Johnson, L. Oakley Kathwari, Farooq Kahan, Jerome H. Kennedy, Craig Knight, Jessie J. Jr. Johnson, Larry D. Katulis, Brian M.t Kahler, Miles Keohane, Nannerl O. Knight, Robert Johnson, Nancie S. Katz, Abraham Kahn, Thomas S.* Keohane, Robert O. Huntington Johnson, Robbin S. Katz, Daniel Roger Kaiser, Miranda M. Kern, Paul J. Knowlton, William Johnson, Robert H. Katz, Ronald S. Kaiser, Philip M. Kerr, Ann Zwicker Allen Johnson, Robert W. IV Katz, Sherman Elliot* Kaiser, Robert G. Kerrey, Bob Knudsen, Johnson, Scott S.t Katz, Stanley N. Kalathil, Shanthi A. Kerry, John F. Christine M.t Johnson, Thomas S. Katzenstein, Peter J. Kalb, Bernard Kerry, Peggy Kobak, Deborah J. Johnson, Willene A. Kaufman, Daniel J. Kalb, Marvin Kessler, Martha Neff Koch, Jennie M. Johnson, Wyatt Kaufman, Henry KalickiJanH. Kester, W. Carl Kogan, Richard Jay Kaufman, Robert R. Kamarck, Andrew Kezirian, Peter Kohut, Andrew Thomas Kaufmann, William W. Khalidi, Rashid I. Kojac, Jeffrey Stanleyt Jones, Alan Kent Martin Kay, Kira Jones, Anita K. Kamarck, Elaine C. Khalilzad, Zalmay M. Kolb, Charles E.M. Jones, Benjamin Felt Kaminsky, Howard Kaye, Charles Robert Khemlani, Neeraj L. Kolbe, Jim Jones, David C. Kampelman, Max M. Kaye, Dalia Dassa Khuri, Nicola N. Kolodziej, Edward A. Jones, David L. Kamsky, Virginia Ann Kaysen, Carl Kiermaier, John W. Kolt, George Jones, James R. Kanak, Donald P. Kayyem, Juliette N. Kiley, Robert R. Koltai, Steven R. Jones, Jeffrey B. Kanet, Roger E. Kazemi, Farhad Kim, Andrew B. Komisar, Lucy

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

117 Membership Roster

Kondracke, Morton Kubisch, Jack B. Lapham, Nicholas Lehrer, Jim Libby I. Lewis Koonin, Steven E.* Kuenstner, Nancy Jo Paynet Leich, John Foster Lichtblau, John H. Korb, Lawrence J. Kull, Steven G. Lapidus, Gail W. Leland, Marc E. Lichtenstein, Korbonski, Andrzej Kumar-Sinha, Punita* Lardy, Nicholas R. Lelyveld, Joseph Cynthia C. Kormos, Cyril Kuniholm, Bruce Larrabee, E Stephen LeMelle, Gerald A. Lieber, James E.* Frederict Robellet Larson, Charles R. LeMelle, Tilden J. Lieber, Robert J. Korn, Jessica* Kunstadter, Lasensky Scott B.t LeMelle, Wilbert J. Lieberman, Joseph I. Kornblum, John C. Geraldine S. Lash, Jonathan Lemle, J. Stuart Lieberman, Nancy A. Korry, Edward M. Kupchan, Charles A. Lasser, Lawrence J. Lempert, Robert J. Lieberthal, Kenneth G. Kostiw, Mike Vincent Kupchan, Clifford A. Lateef, Noel V. Leness, Amanda V. Lifton, Robert K. Kotecha, Mahesh K. Kupperman, Lauder, Leonard A. Lennon, Alexander T.J. Light, Timothy Kotler, Steven Robert H. Lauder, Ronald S. Lennon, Sarah G.J. Lighthizer, Robert E. Kraar, Louis Kurth, James R. Laudicina, Paul A. Lennox, William J. Jr. Lilienthal, Sally L. Kraemer, Lillian E. Kurtzer, Daniel C. Lauinger, Philip C. Jr. Lenzen, Louis C. Lilley James R. Kramek, Robert E. Kushen, Robert A. Laurenti, Jeffrey LeoGrande, Lincoln, Edward J. Kramer, David J. Kux, Dennis* Lautenbach, Ned C. William M. Lindberg, Tod Kramer, Helen M. Kwoh, Stewart Laventhol, David A. Leonard, James E Lindsay Beverly Kramer, Jane Lavin, Franklin L. Leonard, Kenneth Lindsay Franklin A. Kramer, Michael Lawrence, Richard D. Lynch Lindsay, James M. Kramer, Reed Lawrence, Robert Z. Leone, Richard C. Linen, Jonathan S. Kramer, Steven Philip Lawson, Chappell H.t Lerner-Lam, Eva Link, Troland S. Kranwinkle, C. Laber, Jeri L. Lawson, Eugene K. Lesch, Ann Mosely Linowes, David E Douglas Ladd, Edward Layne, Christopher Leslie, John W Jr. Lipman, Ira A.* Kranz, Thomas F. Lader, Philip Lazarus, Shelly B. Lesser, Ian O. Lipper, Kenneth Krasner, Stephen D. Ladner, Drew J.t Lazarus, Steven Lettre, Marcel J. II Lipper, Tamara Krasno, Richard M. Ladner, Joyce A. Leach, James A. Levin, Gerald M. Lippey Brian C. Krause, Lawrence B. Lagon, Mark P. Leavy David C. Levin, Herbert Lippman, Thomas W. Krauss, Clifford Laipson, Ellen Leclerc, Paul Levin, John A. Lipset, Seymour Lederberg, Joshua Krauthammer, Charles Lake, David A. Levin, Michael Stuart Martin Lederman, Gordon Kravis, Henry R. Lake, W. Anthony Levine, Irving R. Lipsky John P. Krawchuk, Fred Lake, William T. Nathaniel Levine, Marne L. Lipsky Seth Kreek, Mary Jeanne Lall, Betty Goetz Lee, Bryce Levine, Mel Lissakers, Karin M. Krens, Thomas Lamb, Denis Lee, Chong-Moon Levine, Susan B. Litan, Robert E. Krepinevich, Lambert, Brett B. Lee, Ernest S. Levinson, Marc Little, David Andrew F. Lambeth, Benjamin S. Lee, Nancy* Levit, Kenneth Joel Little, Milton J. Jr. Krepon, Michael Lamont, Lansing Lee, Thea Mei* Levitas, Mitchel Litwak, Robert S. Kreps, Juanita Morris Lampley, Virginia A. Lee, William L. Levitsky Jonathan E. Liu, Betty Wen Ssu Kriegel, Jay L. Lampton, David M. Lee-Kung, Dinah Levitt, Jeremy I. Liu, Eric P. Krikorian, Victoria Lancaster, Carol J. Leebron, David W. Levy Philip I. Liu, Margaret C. Levy, Reynold Reznik* Landau, George W. Leeds, Roger S. Livingston, Robert Lewis, Anthony Krisher, Bernard Lande, Jim Alfred Leet, Mildred Robbins Gerald Lewis, Bernard Kristoff, Sandra J. Landers, James M. Lefever, Ernest W Llewellyn, J. Bruce Lewis, Edward T. Kristol, Irving Landis, Lauren R. Leffall, LaSalle D. UI Lodal, Jan M. Lewis, Elise E. Carlson Kronman, Anthony Lane, Charles M. Leghorn, Richard S. Lodge, George Cabot Lane, David J. Lewis, John P. Townsend Legro, Jeffrey W. Loeb, Marshall Laney, James T. Lewis, Samuel W. Krueger, Anne O. Legvold, Robert Logan, Francis D. Langdon, George D. Jr. Lewis, Sherman R. Jr. Krueger, Harvey Lehman, John F. Lombardi, Clark B.+ Langlois, John D. Lewis, Stephen R. Jr. Krulak, Charles Lehman, Orin London, Herbert I. Langlois, Robert J.* Lewis, W Walker Chandler Lehman, Ronald Long, William J. LaPalombara, Joseph Lewy Glen S. Ku, Charlotte Frank II Longmuir, Shelley A.* Lapham, Lewis H. Li, Lu Kubarych, Roger M. Lehr, Deborah M. Longstreth, Bevis

118 Membership Roster

Longworth, Richard C. Lyons, James E. Mandelbaum, Michael Mathews, Michael S. McCormack, Longworth, Susan A. Lyons, Richard Kent Maniatis, Gregory A.t Mathews, Sylvia M.* Elizabeth J. Loranger, Donald Manilow, Lewis Mathias, McCormick, David H. Eugene Manley, Audrey Charles McC. Jr. McCouch, Donald G. Lord, Bette Bao Forbes Mathias, Edward J. McCracken, Paul W Lord, Winston M Mann, Hillary P. Ma this, Brian Pierre McCurdy, Dave K. Lorentzen, Oivind III Ma, Christopher Mann, James H. Matlock, Jack F. Jr. McDermott, Jim Louis, William Roger Mabry, Marcus Mann, Michael D. Matsui, Robert T McDevitt, Sean Daniel Lourie, Linda S. Mabus, Raymond E. Mann, Thomas E. Matsukata, Naotaka McDonald, Alonzo L. Loury, Glenn Cartman MacCormack, Charles Manuel, Anja L. Matteson, William B. McDonald, Tom Lovejoy, Thomas E. Frederick Manzi, Jim Matthews, Eugene A. McDonough, Lovelace, Jon B. MacDonald, Bruce W* Marans, J. Eugene Matthews, John William J. Low, Stephen MacDougal, Gary E. Marchick, David Casley HI McDougall, Gay J. Lowenfeld, Mack, Consuelo Marcucci, Anna Matrox, Gale A. McEntee, Joan M. Andreas F. Cotter* Patricia Matuszewski, McFarlane, Jennifer A. Lowenkron, Barry F. Mack, J. Curtis IF Marcum, John Arthur Daniel C. McFarlane, Robert C. Lowenstein, Mackay, Leo Sidney Jr. Marder, Murrey Matzke, Richard H* McFate, Patricia Ann James G. Mackevich, Eileen R. Margolis, David I. Maxwell, Kenneth McFaul, Michael A. Lowenthal, MacLaury, Bruce K. Marinzoli, A. Roger Robert McGarr, Cappy R. Abraham F. Macomber, John Mark, David E. May, Ernest R. McGiffert, David E. Lowry, Richard A.t Dewitt Mark, Hans M. May, Michael M. McGovern, George S. Loy, Frank E. Macomber, William B. Mark, Rebecca P. Mayer, Claudette McGowan, Alan H. Loy, James Milton Macy, Robert M. Jr. Marks, Leonard H. Mayer, Gerald M. Jr. McGrath, Eugene R. Lozano, Ignacio E. Madigan, John W.* Marks, Paul A. Mayer, Lawrence A. McGurn, William Lozano, Monica C. Madrid, Arturo Marks, Russell E. Jr. Mayhew, Alice E. McHale, Thomas R Lu, Donald Magras, Krista M.t Markusen, Ann R. Maynes, Charles McHenry, Donald E Lubin, Nancy Maguire, John David Martin, Alice Tepper William Mcintosh, Laura A. Lubman, Stanley B. Mahoney, Margaret E. Marr, Phebe A. Mazur, Jay McKeon, Elizabeth A. Lucas, C. Payne Mahoney, Marron, Donald B. McAfee, William Gage McKeon, Robert B.* Luck, Edward C. Thomas H. IV Marsh, Tom F. McAllister, Jef McLarty, Mark C.t Lucy, William Mai, Vincent A. Marshall, Andrew W. Olivarius McLarty, Thomas E HI Luers, Wendy W Maier, Charles S. Marshall, Anthony D. McAllister, McLaughlin, Charles Luers, William H. Makin, John Holmes Marshall, Dale Rogers Singleton B. James Luke, John A. Jr. Makins, Christopher J. Marshall, F. Ray McCaffrey, Barry R. McLaughlin, David T. Lustick, Ian S. Mako, William P. Marshall, Katherine McCaffrey, Cynthia McLaughlin, John E. Lute, Jane Holl Maldonado, Martin, Daniel Richard Lillian McLean, Mora L. Luttwak, Edward N. Wendy A.t Martin, Lynn Morley McCain, John S. HI McLean, Sheila Avrin Luu, Ky Malek, Frederic V. Martin, Susan F. McCall, H. Carl McLin, Jon Blythe Luzzatto, Anne R Malinowski, Tom Martin, William F. McCann, Edward McMahon, Damn Lyall, Katharine C. Mallery, Richard Marton, Kati I. McCartan, Patrick F. Michael Lyman, Princeton N. Mallett, Robert L. Masin, Michael T. McCarter, John W Jr. McManus, Doyle Lyman, Richard W Malmgren, Harald B. Massey, L. Camille McCarthy, James P. McManus, Jason D. Lynch, Thomas F. Ill Malmgren, K. Philippa Massey, Walter E. McCarthy, McNamara, Dennis L. Lynk, Myles V. Malone, Kim Massimino, Elisa C. Kathleen D.* McNamara, Robert S. Lynn, James T. Malpass, David R. Mastanduno, Michael McChrystal, Stanley A. McNamara, Thomas E. Lynn, Laurence E. Jr. Manatt, Charles T Masters, Carlton A. McClary, Tonya D. McNaugher, Lyon, David W. Manca, Marie Matheson, Michael J. McClean, Lilyanne H.t Thomas L. Lyons, Gene M. Antoinette Mathews, Jessica T. McCloy, John J. McNerney, Michael J.

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

119 Membership Roster

McNerney, Patricia Mestres, Ricardo A. Jr. Mize, David M. Mosettig, Michael Myers, Richard B.* Aunt Metcalf, George Rich Mochizuki, Kiichi David Myerson, Toby S. McPeak, Merrill A. Mettler, Ruben F. Mochizuki, Mike M. Moskow, Kenneth A. McPeek, Brian C. Metzger, Barry Moe, Sherwood G. Moskow, Michael H. McPherson, M. Peter Metzl, Jamie Frederic* Moffett, George D. Moskowitz, James N. McQuade, Meyer, Carl J. Moffett, Julia Moss, Ambler H. Jr. N Lawrence C. Meyer, Edward C. Molano, Walter Moss, David A. Nachmanoff, Arnold McWade, Jessica C. Meyer, John Robert Thomas Motley, Joel W. Nacht, Michael Meacham, Carl E.t Meyer, Karl E. Mondale, Walter F. Mottahedeh, Roy P. Nadiri, M. Ishaq Meacham, Jon Meyer, Michael Ryder Moniz, Ernest J. Motulsky, Daniel T. Nagl, John A. Mead, Dana G. Meyerman, Harold J. Montgomery, George Mouat, Lucia Nagorski, Andrew Mead, Walter Russell Meyerson, Martin Cranwell Moynihan, Daniel P. Nagorski, Zygmunt Meadows, Jeanne Michaels, Marguerite Montgomery, Mroz, John Edwin Najera, Peter F. Terry Mickiewicz, Ellen Harold H* Mudd, Daniel H. Nakhleh, Emile A. Meagher, Robert F. Midgley, Elizabeth Montgomery, Mark C. Mudd, Margaret Namkung, K. A. Mearsheimer, John J. Mihaly, Eugene B. Montgomery, Parker Farris Nasher, Raymond Medawar, Adrienne* Mikell, Gwendolyn G. Mujal-Leon, Eusebio Donald Medearis, Amy Houpt Miles, Edward L. Montgomery, Philip Mulcahy, Anne M.* Nathan, Andrew J. Medina, David S. Milestone, Judith B. O'Bryan IB Mulford, David C. Nathan, James A. Medina, Kathryn B. Millard, Robert* Moock, Joyce Muller, Edward R Nathan, Scott A.t Medley, Richard Miller, Benjamin R. Lewinger Muller, Henry Nathanson, Marc B. Meers, Sharon I. Miller, Charles R. Moody, Jim Muller, Steven Nathoo, Raffiq A. Mehlman, Bruce P.t Miller, David Moody, William S. Mulvenon, James C. Nau, Henry R Mehreteab, Ghebre Charles Jr. Moore, Joanne C.t Mundie, Craig James* Nazeri, Haleh Miller, Debra L. Selassie Moore, John J. Jr. Mundy, Carl E. Jr. Neal, Jeffrey C* Miller, Franklin C. Mehta, Ved Moore, John M. Munger, Edwin S. Neal, Stephen L. Miller, J. Irwin Meissner, Doris M. Moore, John Norton Munoz, George Nealer, Kevin G Miller, Judith Meister, Irene W. Moore, Jonathan Munroe, George B. Nederlander, Miller, Ken Mejia, James E. Moore, Julia A. Munsch, Stuart B.* Robert Jr.* Miller, Linda B. Melby, Eric D.K. Moore, Paul Jr. Munyan, Winthrop R. Negroponte, John D. Miller, Marcia E. Mello, Judy Hendren Moorman, Murase, Emily Moto Neier, Aryeh Miller, Matthew L. Melloan, George R. Thomas S. Jr. Muravchik, Joshua Nelson, Anne Miller, Roberta Balstad Melville, Richard Allen Moose, George E. Murdoch, Rupert Nelson, Daniel N. Miller, Scott L. Mendelson, Sarah Moose, Richard M. Murdock, Deroy Nelson, Jodi Leet Miller, William Green Elizabeth* Mora, Alberto J. Murdy, William F. Nelson, Marie E. Miller-Muro, Layli Mendlovitz, Saul H. Mora, Antonio G Murphy, Caryle Marie Nelson, Merlin E. MiUett, Allan R. Mendoza, Roberto G Moran, Theodore H. Murphy, Ewell E. Jr. Nelson, Robert L. Jr. Millington, John A. Menges, Carl B. Moravcsik, Andrew* Murphy, Richard M. Nenneman, Richard A. Mills, Bradford Menke, John R. Morey, David Edward Murphy, Richard W Nesbit, Lynn* Mills, Karen Gordon Menon, Rajan Morris, Charles R.* Murphy, Thomas S. Neuman, Stephanie G Mills, Susan Linda Merkel, Claire Sechler Morris, Max King Murray, Allen E. Neureiter, Norman P. Milner, Helen V* Merkel, David A. Morris, Milton D. Murray, Douglas P. Neustadt, Richard E. Minis, Valerie A. Meron, Theodor Morris-Eck, Bailey Murray, Ian P. Newberg, Esther R. Minow, Newton N. Merow, John Morrisert, Lloyd N. Murray, Janice L. Newburg, Andre WG Mintz, Daniel R. Merrill, Philip Morrissey, Arthur C. Murray, Leonard n Newcomb, Nancy S. Miranda, Lourdes R. Merritt, Jack Neil Morse, Edward L. Murray, Lori Esposito Newell, Barbara W Mirkow, Frank J. Merszei, Zoltan Morse, Kenneth P. Murray, Robert J. Newhouse, John Mitchell, Arthur M. IB Mertus, Julie Ann Mortimer, David H. Muse, Martha Newman, Constance Mitchell, George H. Jr. Meselson, Matthew S. Mosbacher, Robert A. Mitchell, George J. Twitchell Berry Messing, F. Andy Jr. Moseley, Teed Michael Mitchell, Wandra G. Musham, Bettye Newman, Frank N. Messitte, Zach P. Moses, Alfred H. Martin Newman, Jay H.

120 Membership Roster

Newman, Pauline* Nussbaum, Bruce Oppenheimer, Franz Pandith, Farah Anwar Pedersen, Richard Newman, Priscilla A. Nye, Joseph S. Jr. Martin Panofsky, Foote Newman, Richard T. Oppenheimer, Wolfgang K.H. Pederson, Rena M. Newsom, David D. Michael F. Paperin, Stewart J. Pell, Claiborne Newstead, Jennifer G.t Orentlicher, Diane Pardee, Scott E. Pelletreau, Newton, M. Diana o Orlins, Stephen A. Pardes, Herbert Robert H. Jr. Helweg O'Brien, Dennis J. Ornstein, Norman J. Pardew, James W. Jr. Pelofsky, Eric J. Newton, Quigg O'Cleireacain, Carol Orr, Robert C* Parent, Louise M. Pena, Federico F. Ney, Edward N. O'Connor, Walter F. Osborn, John E. , Jonathan Penfield, James K. Nicholas, N.J. Jr. O'Flaherty, J. Daniel Osborne, Richard de J. Park, H. K. Perm, Lawrence Nichols, Nancy O'Hanlon, Michael Osmer-McQuade, Parker, Elizabeth Edward lilt Stephenson O'Hare, Joseph A. Margaret Rindskopf Perm, Mark Jeffrey Nichols, Rodney W. O'Leary, John Osnos, Peter L.W. Parker, Jason H. Percy, Charles H. Nicholson, Jan O'Malley, Osnos, Susan Sherer Parker, Jay M. Perella, Joseph R. Niehuss, John M. Cormac K.H. Ostermann, Christian Parker, Penny Perera, Richard D. Niehuss, Rosemary O'Neil, Kathleen A. Ostlund, William Parker, Richard B. Peretz, Don Neaher O'Neil, Michael J. Brian Parker Feld, Karen Perez, David Nielsen, Nancy O'Neill, Michael J. Ostrander, F. Taylor Elizabeth* Perkin, Linda J. Nielsen, Suzanne O'Prey, Kevin P. Ostrowski, Stephen T. Parkinson, Roger P. Perkins, Edward J. Christine O'Rourke, Patrick J. Ovitz, Michael S. Parks, Michael Perkins, Roswell B. Nielsen, Waldemar O'Sullivan, Meghan L. Owen, Henry David Christopher Perkovich, George R. August Oakley, Phyllis E. Owen, Roberts Parsky, Gerald L. Perle, Richard N. Nilsson, A. Kenneth Oakley, Robert B. Bishop Parsons, Richard D. Perlman, Janice Elaine Nimetz, Matthew Oberdorfer, Don Owens, James W. Pascual, Carlos E. Perlmutter, Louis Nitze, Paul H. Odeen, Philip A. Owens, William A. Passer-Muslin, Perritt, Henry H. Jr. Nitze, William A. Odell, John S. Oxman, Bernard H. Juliette M. Perry, Elizabeth Jean Nizich, Ivana Astrid Odom, William E. Oxman, Stephen A. Paster, Howard G. Perry, Robert C. Noam, Eli M. Oettinger, Anthony G. Oxnam, Robert B. Pastor, Ed Perry, William J. Nogales, Luis G. Offenheiser, Oye, Kenneth A. Pastor, Robert A. Persico, Joseph E.* Nolan, Janne Emilie Raymond C. Jr. Patel, Parag Peters, Mary Ann* Noland, Marcus Offit, Morris W Patrick, Hugh T Peters, Michael P. Nonacs, Eric S. Ogden, Alfred Patrick, Stewart M. Petersen, Mathew Nooter, Robert Harry Oh, Kongdan Patrick, Thomas Scott Norman, William S. Okawara, Merle Aiko Paal, Douglas Haines Harold Peterson, Holly Norquist, Grover Olidge, Trina S. Pachon, Harry P. Patricof, Alan Joel Peterson, Peter G Glenn Oliva, L. Jay Packard, George R. Patrikis, Ernest T. Peterson, Rudolph A. Norton, Augustus Oliver, April A. Page, Carter W. Patterson, Patricia M.* Petraeus, David H. Richard Olmer, Lionel Herbert Paine, George C. II Paul, Douglas L.* Petree, Richard W. Norton, Eleanor Olmstead, Cecil J. Paisner, Bruce Paul, Roland A. Petree, Richard W Jr. Holmes Olson, David Lawrence* Paulson, Henry M. Jr. Petri, Thomas E. Nossel, Suzanne E* Andrewt Pakula, Hannah C. Paulus, Judith K. Petschek, Stephen R. Noto, Lucio A. Olson, Jane T. Pallesen, Edward S. Pavel, Barry Pettibone, Peter J. Novack, Lynne Olson, Lyndon L. Jr. Palmer, Mark Pavilonis, Brigid Petty, John R. Dominick Olson, Ronald L. Palmer, Matthew A. Myerst Peyronnin, Joseph F. Novogratz, Jacqueline* Olson, William Clinton Palmer, Ronald D. Payne, Donald M. Pezzullo, Lawrence A. Nuechterlein, Olvey, Lee D. Palmerlee, April Pearl, Frank H.* Pfaltzgraff, Jeffrey D. Omestad, Thomas E. Palmieri, Victor H. Pearlstine, Norman Robert L. Jr. Nunn, Sam Opel, John R. Pan, Michaelt Peckham, Gardner G. Pfeiffer, Jane Cahill

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

121 Membership Roster

Pfeiffer, Leon K. Polk, William R. Puckett, Robert H. Rattner, Steven L. Rice, Susan E. Pfeiffer, Steven B. Pollack, Gerald A. Pulling, Edward L. Rattray, Gregory John* Rich, Brian Allen Pharr, Susan J. Pollack, Jonathan D. Pulling, Thomas L. Rauch, Rudolph S. Rich, John H. Jr. Phelan, John J. Jr. Pollack, Lester Purcell, Susan Raul, Alan Charles Rich, Michael D. Phillips, Cecil M. Polsby Nelson W. Kaufman Raustiala, Kal Richard, Anne C. Phillips, Pond, Elizabeth Pursley, Robert E. Ravenal, Earl C. Richards, Ann W* Christopher H. Poneman, Daniel Purvis, Nigel Ravenholt, Albert V. Richards, Paul G Phillips, David L. Bruce Putnam, Robert D. Ravich, Samantha F. Richards, Stephen H. Picker, Harvey Pool-Eckert, Pye, Lucian W Ravitch, Richard Richardson, David B. Pickering, Thomas R. Marquita J. Pyle, Kenneth B. Raymond, David A. Richardson, Pieczenik, Steve R. Popkin, Anne B. Raymond, Jack Henry J. EI Piedra, Alberto M. Jr. Popoff, Frank Raymond, Lee R. Richardson, John Pierce, Lawrence W. Porter, John Edward Realuyo, Celina B. Richardson, Richard W Pierce, Ponchitta Portes, Richard D. Q Rechberger, Kristin Richardson, William B. Piercy, Jan Porzecanski, Arturo C. Quainton, Anthony Denise Richardson, William R Pierre, Andrew J. Posen, Adam S. C.E. Redman, Charles E. Richardson, Yolonda C. Pigott, Charles M. Posen, Barry R. Quandt, William B. Reed, Charles B. Richman, Joan F. Pike, John E. Posner, Michael Quester, George H. Reed, Jack Richter, Anthony H. Pilgrim, Kathryn Postal, Theodore A.* Quigley Kevin F.F. Reed, Joseph Verner Riddell, Malcolm C. Pillar, Russell I. Potter, William C. Quigley Leonard V. Reese, William Sears Ridgway Rozanne L. Pilling, Donald L. Powell, Catherine Quilter, Peter A. Regan, Ned Rieff, David Pilliod, Charles J. Jr. Powell, Colin L. Quinn, Jane Bryant Reichert, William M. Rielly John E. Pillsbury Marnie S.* Powell, Jerome H. Quinn, John M. Reid, Ogden Riffat, Imran Pillsbury Michael Power, Philip H. Reiling, Peter A.* Rifkind, Robert S. Pilon, Juliana Geran Powers, Averill L. Reilly, Saskia S. Riordan, Michael L. Pincus, Lionel I. Powers, Thomas Reilly, William K. Ritch, John B. IE Pincus, Walter H. Powers, Timothy E. R Reimer, Dennis Joe Rivas-Vazquez, A. Pinkerton, Pozen, Robert C. Rabinowitch, Reinhardt, John E. Victoria W. Stewart Jr. Pranger, Robert J. Alexander Reinhart, Carmen M. Rivers, Richard R. Pino, John Anthony Precht, Henry Rabinowitch, Victor Reinharz, Jehuda Rivkin, David B. Jr. Pipes, Daniel Press, Daryl G. Radtke, Robert W. Reisman, William Rivlin, Alice M. Pipes, Richard Press, William H* Radway Laurence I. Michael Rizk, Nayla M. Pisano, Jane G. Pressler, Larry Raine, Fernande Reiss, Mitchell B. Rizopoulos, Preston, Stephen W* Pitts, Joe W. Ill Scheidt Remick, Elizabeth J. Nicholas X. Prewitt, Kenneth Pizer, William A.t Raines, Franklin D. Remington, Robb, Charles S. Price, Daniel M. Pizzarello, Louis D. Raisian, John Thomas E* Robbins, Carla Anne Price, Hugh Plaks, Livia B.* Ralston, Joseph W Renfrew, Charles Robert, Joseph E. Jr. Price, John R. Jr. Piatt, Alan A. Ramakrishna, Byron Robert, Stephen Price, Raymond K. Jr. Piatt, Alexander H. Kilaparti* Rennie, Milbrey Roberts, Bradley H. Price, Robert Piatt, Nicholas Ramirez, Lilia L. Rennie, Renate Roberts, Chalmers M. Prickett, Glenn T. Plattner, Marc F. Ramo, Joshua Cooper Reppert, John C. Roberts, John J. Priest, William W. Plaut, Peter G. Ramo, Simon Reppy, Judith V. Roberts, Prieto, Daniel B. Ill Plepler, Richard L. Randolph, R. Sean Resor, Stanley R. Roberts, Walter R Prillaman, William C. Plimpton, Calvin H. Rangel, Charles B. Rey, Nicholas A. Robertson, Cara W.t Prince, Charles O. Ill Plumeri, Joseph J. II Ranis, Gustav Rhinelander, John B. Robinson, Barbara Pritzker, Thomas J. Plutzik, Jonathan* Rankin, Clyde E. HI Rhodes, John B. Sr. Proenza, Luis M.* Paul Poats, Rutherford M. Raphel, Robin Lynn Rhodes, William R. Pryce, Jeffrey F. Robinson, David Z. Pocalyko, Michael N. Rappaport, Alan H. Ricardel, Mira R. Pryce, William T Robinson, Davis R. Podhoretz, Norman Ratchford, J. Thomas Rice, Condoleezza Puchala, Donald James Robinson, Eugene Pogue, Richard W Rather, Dan Rice, Donald S. Puckett, Allen E. Harold Polk, George W Ratnesar, Romesh M.t Rice, Joseph A. Robinson, James D. Ill

122 Membership Roster

Robinson, Rosen, Robert L. Rovine, Arthur W Samuels, Barbara Schenck, James Leonard H. Jr. Rosen, Stephen Peter Rowen, Henry S. Christie II Raymond Robinson, Linda Rosenberg, Mark B. Rowny, Edward L. Samuels, Michael A. Scher, Robert M. Robinson, Pearl T. Rosenblatt, Lionel A. Rubin, Arthur Mark Samuels, Richard J. Schick, Thomas Robinson, Rosenblatt, Peter R. Rubin, Barnett R. Samway, Michael A.t Schiff, Frank W Torrance W.+ Rosenblum, Mort L. Rubin, James P. Sanchez, Miguel Schiff, Karenna Goret Robison, Olin C. Rosenfeld, Stephen S. Rubin, James S. Antonio Schifter, Richard Roche, James G. Rosenfield, Allen Rubin, Nancy H. Sanchez, Orlando Schlefer, Mark P. Rockefeller, David Rosenfield, Patricia L. Rubin, Robert E. Sandalow, David Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. Rockefeller, David Jr. Rosenkranz, , Seymour Sandberg, Sheryl K. Schlesinger, James R. Rockefeller, John D. IV Rosenstock, Robert Jeffrey Sandel, Michael J. Schlesinger, Stephen C. Rockefeller, Nicholas Rosensweig, Jeffrey A. Rubin, Trudy S. Sander, Alison B. Schlosser, Herbert S. Rockwell, Hays H. Rosenthal, A. M. Rudenstine, Neil L. Sanders, Barry A. Schmemann, Anya A. Rockwell, Keith Rosenthal, Douglas Rudman, Warren B. Sanders, Marlene Schmemann, Serge McElroy* Eurico Ruebhausen, Oscar M. Sanders, Robin Renee Schmertz, Herbert Rodman, Peter W. Rosenthal, Jack Ruenitz, Robert M. Sands, Amy Schmidt, Benno Jr. Rodriguez, Alex Rosenthal, Mitchell S. Ruga, Raimundo L. Sanger, David E. Schmoke, Kurt L. Rodriguez, Rita M. Rosenwald, E. John Jr. Ruggie, John G. Sapiro, Miriam Schneider, Jan Rodriguez, Vincent A. Rosenwald, Nina Rugh, William A. Sapolsky, Harvey M. Schneider, William Rodrik, Dani Rosenwasser, Jon J.+ Runge, Carlisle Ford Sargeant, Stephen Schneier, Arthur Roett, Riordan Rosenzweig, Rupp, George E. Thomas Schoen, Douglas E. Roff, J. Hugh Jr. Carmen R. Ruttan, Vernon W. Sarotte, Mary Eliset Schoettle, Enid CB. Rogers, John M. Rosenzweig, Robert M. Ruxin, Josh Sassen, Saskia Schoff, James L. Rogers, William D. Roskens, Ronald W. Ryan, Arthur F. Sasser, James R. Schorr, Daniel L. Roggero, Frederick F. Rosner, Jeremy D. Ryan, John T. Ill Satloff, Robert B. Schrage, Elliot J. Rohan, Karen M. Rosovsky, Henry Ryan, Michael E. Saul, Ralph Southey Schreiber, Brian T. Rohatyn, Felix G. Ross, Arthur Saunders, Harold H. Schroeder, Christopher Rohlen, Thomas P. Ross, Christopher W.S. Savage, Frank Matthew Rokke, Ervin J. Ross, Dennis B. Sawoski, Mark Schubert, Richard F. Roman, Nancy Ellen* Ross, Robert S. Sawyer, Diane Schuh, G. Edward Romanowski, Alina L.* Ross, Thomas B. Sacerdote, Peter M.* Scalapino, Robert A. Schuker,JillA. Romberg, Alan D. Rossabi, Morris* Sachs, Jeffrey D. Schacht, Henry B. Schulhof, Michael Romero, Anthony D. Rosso, David J. Sacks, Paul M. Schachter, Oscar Peter Romero, Philip Joseph Rossotti, Charles O. Saeed, Ahmed M.t Schadlow, Nadia C. Schulz, William F. Romero-Barcelo, Rostow, Elspeth Saenz, Thomas A. Schaefer, Matthew P. Schumacher, Edward Carlos A. Davies Sagan, Scott D. Schaffer, Howard Schumer, Charles E. Rondeau, Ann E. Rostow, Nicholas Said, Edward Bruner Schwab, George D.* Roney, John H. Rostow, Walt W Sakoian, Carol Knuth Schaffer, Matthew* Schwab, Susan Carroll Roosevelt, Theodore IV Rotberg, Robert I. Salacuse, Jeswald Schaffer, Teresita C. Schwartz, Eric Paul Rose, Charles Peete Jr. Roth, Kenneth William Schake, Kori Schwartz, Norton A.* Rose, Daniel Roth, Stanley Owen Salazar, Ana Maria Schearer, S. Bruce* Schwartz, Peter* Rose, Elihu Roth, William M. Salem, George R. Schecter, Jerrold Schwarz, Adam Rose, Gideon Roth, William V. Jr. Salomon, Richard E. Scheffer, David J. Schwarzer, William W Rose, Marshall* Rothenberg, David M. Salomon, William R. Schein, Jacqui Selbstt Schwarzman, Rosecrance, Richard Rothkopf, David Salzman, Anthony Scheinman, Lawrence Stephen A. Rosen, Arthur H. Jochanan David Schell, Orville Schwebel, Stephen M. Rosen, Gary* Rottenberg, Linda D. Samore, Gary Hickok Sciolino, Elaine E Rosen, Jane K. Route, Ronald A. Sample, Steven B. Schell, Theodore H* Sciutto, James E.t

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

123 Membership Roster

Scowcroft, Brent Sheinbaum, Stanley K. Silas, C. J. Smith, Dane F. Jr.* Solomon, Richard H. Scranton, William W. Sheinkman, Jack Silber, Laura J.* Smith, David Shiverick Solomon, Robert Seagrave, Norman P. Sheldon, Eleanor B. Silberman, Laurence H. Smith, DeWittC. Jr. Sonenshine, Seamans, Robert C. Jr. Shelley, Sally Swing Silberman, Robert S. Smith, Edwin M. H. Marshall Sears, Jonathan E. Shelp, Ronald K. Silberstein, Alan M. Smith, Gayle E.* Sonenshine, Tara Seasholes, Mark S.t Shelton, H. Hugh Silkenat, James R. Smith, Hedrick L. Diane Seaton, James B. Ill Shelton, Joanna Reed Silver, Allison Smith, James McCall Song, Diana M.H.t Segal, Sheldon J. Shelton-Colby, Sally A. Silver, Daniel B. Smith, Jean Kennedy Sonnenberg, Maurice Segal, Susan Louise Shenk, George H. Silver, Ron Smith, Jeffrey H. Sonnenfeldt, Helmut Seibold, Frederick C. Jr. Shenk, Maury David Silvers, Robert B. Smith, John T. II Sonnenfeldt, Seigenthaler, John L. Shepard, Stephen B. Simes, Dimitri K. Smith, Malcolm B. Richard W Seiple, Chris Shepardson, Robert Simmons, Adele Smith, Michael B. Sorensen, Gillian Seitz, Frederick Thomas Simmons, Jamal N. Smith, Michelle A. Martin Sekulow, Eugene A. Shepherd, John Simmons, Matthew R.* Smith, Nicole Venable Sorensen, Theodore C Selin, Ivan Michael* Simmons, P. J.* Smith, Perry M. Soros, George Sender, Henny* Shepherd, Karen* Simmons, Ruth J. Smith, Peter Soros, Paul Serfaty, Simon Sheriff, Alan R. Simon, Francoise L. Hopkinson Sovern, Michael I. Sesno, Frank W. Sherman, Michael Simon, Hugh V. Jr. Smith, R. Jeffrey Spain, James W Sestanovich, Sherman, Wendy R. Sims, Gretchen Crosby Smith, Richard M. Spalter, Jonathan Stephen R. Sherry, George L. Sims, Robert B. Smith, Stephen G. Spangler, Scott M. SewallJohnO.B. Sherwood, Benjamin B. Sinclair, Paula J. Smith, Theodore M. Spector, Leonard S. Sewall, Sarah Sherwood-Randall, Sinding, Steven W. Smith, Tony Speedie, David C. SewellJohnW. Elizabeth D. Singer, Peter W.t Smith, W Y. Spencer, Edson W Seymour, Frances J. Shestack, Jerome J. Singham, Shanker A.t Smith, Wayne S. Spero, Joan E. Shafer, D. Michael Shields, Geoffrey B. Sinkin, Richard N. Smith, Winthrop H. Jr. Spero, Joshua B. Shafer, Jeffrey R. Shields, Lisa Sisco, Joseph John Smoots, Samuel D. Speth, James Gustave Shaffer, Gail S. Shifter, Michael Sitrick, James Baker Snider, Don M. Speyer, Jerry I. Shailor, Barbara Shiner, Josette S. Skidmore, Thomas E. Snider, L. Britt Spiegel, Daniel L.* Shair-Goyer, Beth Shinn, James J. Skinner, Elliott P. Snow, Robert Anthony Spiegel, John W Shalala, Donna E. Shinseki, Eric Skinner, Kiron Kanina Snowe, Olympia J. Spielvogel, Carl Shalikashvili, John M. Shipley, Walter V. Sklarew, Jennifer Snyder, Jack L. Spiers, Ronald I. Shambaugh, David Shirk, Susan L. Friedman Snyder, Jed C. Spindler, J. Andrew Shanker, Thomas Shirzad, Faryar Skol, Michael M. Snyder, Richard E. Spiro, Herbert John Daniel* Shlaes, Amity Ruth Skolnikoff, Eugene B. Snyder, Scott A. Spratt, John M. Jr. Shapiro, Andrew J. Shoemaker, Slade, David R. Snyder, Timothy D. Stack-O'Connor, Shapiro, Andrew L.t Christopher C. Slater, Joseph E. Sobol, Dorothy Alisa Shapiro, Hal Scott Shonholtz, Raymond Slaughter, Anne-Marie Meadow Stackpole, D. Andrew Shapiro, Harold T. Shriver, Donald W Slaughter, Matthew J. Soderberg, Nancy E. Stacks, John Shapiro, Isaac Shubert, Gustave H. Slaughter, Richard A. Sofaer, Abraham Stahl, Lesley R* Shapiro, Judith R. Shulman, Colette Slavin, Barbara* David Stalson, Helena Shaplen, Jason T. Shulman, Marshall D. Slawson, Paul S. Sohn, Louis B. Stam, Allan C* Sharp, Daniel A. Shultz, George P. Sloane, Ann Brownell Solarz, Stephen J. Stamas, Stephen Shattuck, John Shuman, Stanley S. Slocombe, Walter B. Solnick, Steven L.* Stanley, Peter W. Shayne, Herbert M. Sick, Gary G. Sloss, Leon Solomon, Andrew Stanley-Mitchell, Shea, Dorothy C. Siegal, Bippy M.t Small, Lawrence M. Wallace Elizabeth A.t Shearer, Brooke L. Siegman, Henry Smalley, Kathleen Solomon, Anne G.K. Stanton, Frank Sheehan, Kevin P. Sievers, Sara E.t Smalley, Patricia T. Solomon, Staples, Eugene S. Sheehan, Michael A. Sifton, Elisabeth N. Smart, S. Bruce Jr. Anthony M. Staples, Kristen Sheffield, Jill W. Sigal, Leon V. Smeall, Christopher* Solomon, Joshua N.* Starr, Kenneth I. Shehabi, Soroush Sigmund, Paul E. Smith, Andrew F. Solomon, Lisa J. Starr, S. Frederick Richard Sikkink, Kathryn A.* Smith, Clint E. Solomon, Peter J. Steadman, Richard C.

124 Membership Roster

Steel, Ronald Stone, Jeremy J. Tahir-Kheli, Shirin R. Thomas-Lake, Hillary Train, Harry D. II Steiger, Paul E. Straus, Donald B. Talbot, Phillips Thompson, Fred* Train, John Stein, David F. Straus, Oscar S. II Talbott, Strobe Thompson, Robert L. Train, Russell E. Stein, Elliot Strauss, Robert S. Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. Thompson, W Scott Trainor, Bernard E. Stein, Eric Strautmanis, Talwar, Puneet Thomson, James A. Tran, Ly K.t Steinberg, David J. Michael A. Tan Bhala, Kara WY. Thomson, James C. Jr. Trani, Eugene P. Steinberg, James B. Stremlau, John J. Tang, David K.Y. Thornburgh, Dick Travis, Martin B. Jr. Steinberg, Mark R. Stringer, Howard Tanner, Harold Thornell, Richard P. Tread way, Steinbruner, John D. Strmecki, Marin J. Tanter, Raymond Thornton, John L. Stephen J. Steiner, Daniel Shock, James M. Tapia, Raul R. Thornton, Thomas Treanor, Mark C* Steiner, Joshua L. Stromseth, Jane E. Tarnoff, Peter Perry Treat, John Elting Steiner, Steven E. Stroock, Thomas F. Tarter, C. Bruce Thoron, Louisa Trebat, Thomas J. Steinfeld, Edward S. Strossen, Nadine Tarullo, Daniel K. Tien, Chang-Lin Treverton, Gregory Stempel, John D. Studeman, William O. Tasco, Frank J. Tien, John K. Jr. Frye Stent, Angela Evelyn Styron, Rose Tashkovich, Gligor A. Tierney, Paul E. Jr. Trice, Robert H. Jr. Stepan, Alfred C. Sudarkasa, Niara Taubman, William Tiersky, Ronald Trimble, Charles R. Stern, David J. Sughrue, Karen M. Taylor, Arthur R. Till, Kimberly Trojan, Vera M. Stern, Fritz Suleiman, Ezra Taylor, James S. Tillman, Seth P. Trooboff, Peter D. Stern, H. Peter Sullivan, Gina E. Taylor, Kathryn Tillou, Susan Lynne Trowbridge, Stern, Jeffrey Sullivan, Gordon R. Pelgrift Timothy, Kristen Alexander B. Stern, Jessica E. Sullivan, Louis W. Teece, David J. Timpson, Sarah Truitt, Nancy Stern, Paula Summers, Lawrence H. Teeter, Robert M. Livingston Sherwood Stern, Todd D. Sunderland, Jack B. Teichner, Martha* Tindell, Cynthia A. Truman, Edwin M. Stern, Walter P. Sundiata, Ibrahim K. Teitel, Ruti G. Tipson, Frederick S. Tsehai, Elizabeth G. Sterner, Michael E. Supanc, Patrick Moore Teitelbaum, Michael S. Tirana, Amina Tsipis, Kosta Stetson, Anne Suslow, Leo A. Telhami, Shibley Tisch, Laurence Tucher, H. Anton Stevens, Charles R. Sutphen, Mona K. Tempelsman, Maurice Alan Tuck, Edward Hallam Stevens, James W. Sutterlin, James S. Temple-Raston, Dina Todman, Terence A. Tucker, Cynthia A.* Stevens, Paul Schott Sutton, Francis X. Simone Toft, Monica Duffy Tucker, Jonathan B. Stevenson, Adlai E. Suzman, Cedric Tenet, George J. Toll, Maynard J. Jr. Tucker, Nancy Stevenson, Charles A. Swank, Emory C. Tennyson, Leonard B. Toloui, Ramin Bernkopf Stewart, Donald M. Swanson, David H. Terracciano, Tomlinson, Tucker, Richard Stewart, Gordon C. Sweeney, John J. Anthony P. Alexander C. Frank Stewart, Ruth Ann Sweig, Julia E. Terry, Sarah M. Tomz, Michael R. Tucker, Robert W. Stid, Daniel D. Sweitzer, Brandon W Theobald, Thomas C. Topping, Audrey Tuminez, Astrid S.* Stiehm, Judith Hicks Swenson, Eric P. Thieme, Donald Ronning Tung, Ko-Yung Stiglitz, Joseph E. Swid, Scott L. Joseph II Topping, Seymour Turck, Nancy B. Stiles, Deborah F. Swid, Stephen Claar Thiessen, Marc Torano, Maria Elena Turner, J. Michael Stiles, Ned B. Swiers, Peter Bird Torres, Art Turner, James M.* Stith, Kate Swing, John Temple Alexander* Torres, Gerald Turner, Robert F. Stobaugh, Robert B. Szporluk, Roman Thiessen, Pamela Beth Torricelli, Robert G. Turner, Stansfield Stockman, David A. Thoman, G. Richard Toth, Robert C. Turner, William C. Stoessinger, John G. Thomas, Barbara S. Toungara, Jeanne Tusiani, Michael D. Stofft, William A. Thomas, Brooks Tyrrell, R. Emmett Jr. Stoga, Alan J. Thomas, Evan W. Ill Maddox* Tyson, Carole Stokes, Bruce Thomas, Franklin A. Townsend, Kathleen Stokes, Louis Taft, Julia Vadala Thomas, Lee B. Jr. Kennedy Henderson Stoll, Ira E. Taft, William H. IV Thomas, Lydia Waters* Trachtenberg, Stephen Tyson, Laura Tagliabue, Paul Thomas, Troy S.t Joel D' Andrea

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

125 Membership Roster

Varmus, Harold E. Watson, Alexander E Wertheim, Mitzi u Vasquez, Ian A. w Watson, Peter S. Mallina Udovitch, Abraham L. Vecchi, Sesto E. Wachner, Linda J. Wattenberg, Ben J. Wesbrook, Stephen D. Uhlig, Mark Veit, Carol Michele Wachtel, Andrew Watts, John H. Weschler, Joanna Ullman, Richard H. Veit, Lawrence A. Baruch Watts, William Wesely, Edwin J. Ulman, Cornelius M. Veliotes, Nicholas A. Wadsworth-Darby, Waxman, Matthew C. West, J. Robinson Ulrich, Marybeth Vendley William E* Mary Weatherstone, Dennis West, Owen O'Driscoll Peterson Verleger, Waggoner, Robert C. Weaver, David R. West, Togo D. Jr. Ungar, Sanford J. Philip K. Jr. Wais, Marshall I. Jr. Weber, Doron Weston, Burns H. Unger, David C. Verma, Richard R. Wakeman, Weber, Vin Wethington, Olin L. Upton, Maureen T. Vermilye, Peter H. Frederic E. Jr. Webster, William H. Wexler, Anne Usher, William R. Verstandig, Toni G. Waldron, Arthur Wechsler, William E* Weymouth, Utgoff, Victor A. Verville, Wales, Jane M. Weddle, Steven Elizabeth G. Utley, Garrick Elizabeth G. Walker, Charls E. Wedgwood, Ruth Whalen, Richard J. Vessey, John W. Walker, George R. Wehrle, Leroy Snyder Wharton, Clifton R. Jr. Vester, Linda J.* Walker, Jacques P. Weidenbaum, Murray Wheeler, John K. Viccellio, Henry Jr. Walker, Jenonne Weigel, George Wheeler, John P. HI V Vick, Edward H. Walker, John L. Weiksner, George B. Jr. Whitaker, C.S. Vaccaro, J. Matthewt Victor, Alice S.* Walker-Huntley, Weil, Frank A. Whitaker, Jennifer Vagliano, Vidal, David J. MaryL. Weinberg, John L. Seymour Alexander M. Videt, Pote P. Walkling, Sarah K. Weinberg, Steven Whitaker, Mark Vagliano, Sara Viebranz, Curtis G. Wallace, Roger Weinberger, White, John P. Vagts, Detlev E Viederman, Stephen Windham Caspar W White, Julia A. Vaky, Viron P. Viets, Richard Wallander, Celeste Weinert, Richard S. White, Maureen Valenta, Jiri Noyes Ann* Weinrod, W. Bruce White, Peter C. Valentine, Debra A. Vila, Adis M. Wallerstein, Mitchel B. Weinstein, David E.* White, Robert J. Valenzuela, Viorst, Milton Wallich, Christine I. Weinstein, Michael M. White, William H. Weintraub, Sidney Arturo A. Viscusi, Enzo Wallison, Peter J. Whitehead, John C. Weisberg, Jacob M.* van der Vink, Vitale, Alberto Walsh, Ian Kennard Whitman, Christine Weisman, Steven R. Gregory E. Vitale, David J.* Walsh, Michaela L. Todd Weiss, Charles Jr. Van Dusen, Michael H. Voell, Richard Allen Walt, Stephen M.* Whitman, Marina V.N. Weiss, Cora Van Dyk, Ted Vogel, Ezra F. Walters, Barbara Whitney, Craig R. Weiss, Edith Brown Van Evera, Stephen Vogelgesang, Sandy Walton, Anthony John Whittemore, Weiss, Elizabeth Anne Van Fleet, James Louise Waltz, Kenneth N. Frederick B. Weiss, Stanley A. Alward Vogelson, Jay M. Wanger, Leah Zell Wiarda, Howard J. Weiss, Thomas G. Van Oudenaren, Vojta, George J. Ward, Jennifer C. Wien, Anita Volz Weissman, Ivan S. John Volcker, Paul A. Ward, Katherine T. Wiener, Carolyn Seely Welch, C. David Van Zandt, David Volk, Stephen R. Ward, L. Celeste Wiener, Malcolm H. Welch, Jasper A. Jr. von Eckartsberg, K. Wiesel, Elie Edgar* Johnsont Welch, Larry D. Wilby, Peter Vande Berg, Marsha Gayle Rose Ware, Carl Weld, Susan R.* Wildenthal, C. Kern vanden Heuvel, von Hagen, Mark Warner, Edward L. HI Weld, William E Wiley, Richard A. Katrina Louis Warner, John William Welker, David P. Wilhelm, Robert E. vanden Heuvel, von Hippel, Frank Warner, Volney James Weller, David L.t Wilkerson, Thomas William J. von Lipsey, Warren, Gerald L. Wells, Damon Vandenberg, Roderick K. Washburn, Abbott M. Wells, Louis T. Lloyd Martina E. von Mehren, Washburn, John L. Wells, Samuel E Jr. Wilkie, Edith B. Vander Lugt, Robert B. Wasserman, Debra L.t Wells, Walter N. Wilkins, Roger W Robert D. Votaw, Carmen Wasserstein, Bruce Wender, Ira T. Wilkinson, Sharon P. Varanini, Jeffrey Paul Delgado Waterbury, John Wendt, Allan Williams, Aaron S. Varela, Marta B. Vuono, Carl E. Waters, Cherri D. Williams, Christine

126 Membership Roster

Williams, Cindy Wing, Adrien Woodruff, Judy C* Yanney Michael B. Zaleski, Michel Williams, Dave H. Katherine Woods, Ward W Yao, Nancyt Zangrillo, Robert Williams, Eddie Winik, Jay Woodward, Susan L. Yates, Stephen Lawrence Nathan Winokur, Woolf, Harry Jerome Zanoyan, Vahan B. Williams, Harold M. Herbert S. Jr. Woolsey, R. James Yergin, Daniel H. Zarb, Frank G. Williams, Haydn Winston, Michael R. Woolsey, Suzanne H. Yochelson, John N. Zarrman, I. William Williams, Winterer, Philip S. Woon, Eden Y. Yoffie, David B. Zeikel, Arthur Howard Roy Winters, Francis X. Worden, Minky Yoo, John Choon Zelikow, Philip D. Williams, Margaret Winters, Laura Worenklein, Jacob Yordan, Jaime Ernesto Zelnick, C. Robert Douglas Wirth, David A. Worley Elizabeth Yoshihara, Nancy Zemmol, Jonathan I. Williams, Wirth, Timothy E. Mait Akemi Zilkha, Ezra K. Melvin F. Jr. Wise, Carol* Wormuth, Christine E. Yost, Casimir A. Zimmerman, Williams, Michael J. Wisner, Frank G. II Wormian, Christian Young, Alice Edwin M. Williams, Paul R. Wisner, Graham G. Fritz Young, Andrew Zimmerman, Peter D. Williams, Reba White Witkowsky Anne A. Wosepka, Kent Young, Edgar B. Zimmerman, William Williams, William J. Jr. Wittes, Tamara Wray Cecil Young, George H. Ill Zimmermann, Warren Williamson, Edwin D. Cofman Wriggins, Young, Jay T. Zinberg, Dorothy Williamson, Irving A. Woerner, Fred F. W Howard Young, M. Crawford Shore Williamson, Richard Wofford, Harris L. Wright, Abi E. Young, Michael K. Zinder, Norton D. Salisbury Wohlforth, William Wright, Joseph R. Jr. Young, Nancy Zinni, Anthony Williamson, Samuel Curti Wright, L. Patrick Youngblood, Charles Gatest Wohlstetter, Roberta Wright, Matice J. Kneeland C. Zipp, Brian R. Willrich, Mason Wolf, Charles Jr. Wright, Robin Youngwood, Alfred D.* Zirin, James D. Wilmers, Robert G. Wolf, Ira Wright, William H. II Yu, Frederick T.C. Zisk, Kimberly Marten Wilson, Don M. Ill Wolf, Milton A. Wulf, Norman A. Yudkin, Richard A. Zittrain, Jonathan L. Wilson, Donald M. Wolfensohn, James D. Wyser-Pratte, Guy Yzaguirre, Raul H. Zoellick, Robert B. Wilson, Ernest Wolff, Alan Wm. Patrick Zogby James J. James HI Wolff, I. Peter Zolberg, Aristide R. Wilson, Karen E. Wolfowitz, Paul D. Zonis, Marvin Wilson, Margaret S. WolfsthaLJonB. Zoric, Iva Wimpfheimer, Wolin, Linda Rotblatt Zabel, William D. Zorthian, Barry Jacques D. Wolin, Neal S. Yacoubian, Mona Zagoria, Donald S. Zuckerman, Harriet Winden, Andrew Wolpe, Howard Yalman, Nur O. Zahn, Paula A.* Zuckerman, William Wolstencroft, Tracy R Yang, Linda Tsao Zakaria, Fareed* Mortimer B. Winfield, W. Woo-Cumings, Yang, Phoebe L. Zake, Florence S.N. Zwick, Charles J. Montague Meredith Yankelovich, Daniel Zakheim, Dov S. Zysman, John A.

* Elected to membership in 2002. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2002.

127 Credits

Photos Central Intelligence Agency Photographer: 29 Irina A. Faskianos: 53, 54, 55 Cree Frappier: 17 top, 23 Patrick Horst: 37 Kyu-Young Lee: 13, 14 bottom, 25 bottom left, 41, 45, 62 Ken Levinson: 12, 14 top left, 15, 18 top, 19, 28, 33, 34, 35, 57, 63 top, 70, 92, 105 top Greta J. Lundeberg: 39 Don Pollard: 9, 14 top right, 16, 18 bottom, 24 bottom, 30, 38, 42 left, 43, 44, 46, 56, 58, 63 bottom, 64, 108 Gunilla Ramell: 21 top Kaveh Sardari: 7, 11, 17 bottom, 48, 49, 50, 51, 105 bottom Lisa Shields: 31 Marie X. Strauss: 25 top right, 26, 36, 42 right

Editor: Patricia Lee Dorff Designer: Gene Crofts Editorial Assistant: Kimberly Fielding Photo Editor: Marie X. Strauss Intern: Hanna Ingber Copy Editors: Ed Cone, Traci C. Nagle Cover Design: Etsuko Iseki

The Council’s Annual Report is designed to focus attention on the substance of its programs. A comprehensive listing of the year’s activities is available on the Council’s website at www.cfr.org.

128