COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS AN NUAL RE PORT JULY 1, 2003-JUNE 30, 2004

Main Office Washington Office The Harold Pratt House 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (212) 434-9400; Fax (212) 434-9800 Tel. (202) 518-3400; Fax (202) 986-2984

Website www.cfr.org

E-mail [email protected] OFFICERS and DIRECTORS 2004-2005

OFFICERS DIRECTORS Term Expiring 2009 Peter G. Peterson* Term Expiring 2005 Madeleine K. Albright Chairman of the Board Jessica P Einhorn Richard N. Fostert Carla A. Hills* Louis V Gerstner Jr. Maurice R. Greenbergt Vice Chairman Carla A. Hills*t Robert E. Rubin George J. Mitchell Vice Chairman Robert E. Rubin Joseph S. Nye Jr. Richard N. Haass Warren B. Rudman Fareed Zakaria President Andrew Young Michael R Peters Richard N. Haass ex officio Executive Vice President Term Expiring 2006 Janice L. Murray Jeffrey L. Bewkes Senior Vice President OFFICERS AND and Treasurer Henry S. Bienen DIRECTORS, EMERITUS David Kellogg Lee Cullum AND HONORARY Senior Vice President, Corporate Richard C. Holbrooke Leslie H. Gelb Affairs, and Publisher Joan E. Spero President Emeritus Irina A. Faskianos Vice President, Vin Weber Maurice R. Greenberg Honorary Vice Chairman National Program and Academic Outreach Term Expiring 2007 Charles McC. Mathias Jr. Elise Carlson Lewis Fouad Ajami Director Emeritus Vice President, Membership David Rockefeller Kenneth M. Duberstein and Fellowship Affairs Honorary Chairman Ronald L. Olson James M. Lindsay Robert A. Scalapino Vice President, Director of Peter G. Peterson* t Director Emeritus Studies, Maurice R. Creenberg Chair Lhomas R. Pickering Abraham E Lowenthal Laura DAndrea Tyson Vice President Anne R. Luzzatto Term Expiring 2008 Vice President, Meetings Martin S. Feldstein Nancy E. Roman Helene D. Gayle Vice President and Director, Washington Program Karen Elliott House Lisa Shields Michael H. Moskow Vice President, Communications Richard E. Salomon Lilita V Gusts Anne-Marie Slaughter Secretary

*In accordance with By-Law VII. t Appointed by the Board of Directors in 2004. Note: This list of Officers and Directors is current as of September 1, 2004. CONTENTS

Mission Statement 4

Letter from the Chairman 8 President's Message 10 Foreign Affairs 14

Special Initiatives 16 Studies Program 26 Publications 30 New York Meetings Program 32 Washington Program 36

National Program 40 Corporate Program 44 Term Member Program 48 Communications 51

Named Chairs, Fellowships, and Lectureships 52 International Affairs Fellowship Program 55

Development 56 Committees of the Board, 2003-2004 65 Chairman's Advisory Council 66 2004 Board Election 66 International Advisory Board 67 By-Laws of the Council 68 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices 70 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers 72 Budget and Finance 74 Staff 82 Membership 85 Membership Selection Procedures 85

Membership Roster 86 Mission Statement F ounded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested cit- izens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other governments. The Council, which is headquartered in New York with an office in Washington, DC, does this by • Convening meetings in New York, Washington, and other select American cities where senior government officials, global leaders, and prominent thinkers come together with Council members to debate and discuss the major foreign policy issues of our time; • Conducting a wide-ranging Studies Program where Council fellows produce articles and books that analyze foreign policy issues and make concrete policy recommendations; • Publishing Foreign Affairs, the preeminent journal covering interna- tional affairs and U.S. foreign policy; • Maintaining a diverse membership, including special programs to foster interest and expertise in the next generation of foreign policy leaders; • Sponsoring Independent Task Forces whose reports help set the public foreign policy agenda; and • Providing up-to-date information about the world and U.S. foreign policy on the Council’s website, www.cfr.org.

4 Convening meetings where officials, leaders, and thinkers debate and discuss the major foreign policy issues of our time . . .

“To many people, the world is a lot more dangerous than it was before September 11, 2001. I have exactly the opposite opinion. I believe the world is safer.” —RUDOLPH W. GIULIANI, Former Mayor of New York City

“The force of reality has set in very clearly in Iraq over the last year, and the United States, as great and powerful as we are, cannot win the great global challenges of the twenty-first century without friends, without alliances, without allies.” —Senator CHUCK HAGEL (R-NE)

“If Saudi Arabia is guilty of blame for what [Osama bin Laden] has become, the United States must surely share the blame. Both of us backed the mujahideen to liberate Afghanistan from Soviet occupation and allowed such people as bin Laden into the fray.” —SAUD AL-FAISAL, Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia

“We’ve always been a pretty profligate nation. We’ve had so much in natural resources that it’s hard for us to believe that they’re finite, that there is a problem. We’re beginning to understand that now.” —CHRISTINE TODD WHITMAN, Former Administrator of the En vironmental Protection Agency

5 “The most exciting thing on the African continent is the consensus about some very simple, common, basic things . . . peace and stability and democracy. It gives the possibility for all of us to hold one another accountable.” —THABO MBEKI, President of South Africa

“I think the biggest problem of intelligence today is political “I believe that in the coming twenty years and beyond, it is direction from the White House. entirely possible for China to maintain steady and rapid And I don’t know what I would economic growth. Our GDP will quadruple its 2000 size, do if I were George Tenet, other exceeding 4 trillion U.S. dollars by 2020. Just imagine than resign.” the vast vistas that would be opened for —ST ANSFIELD TURNER, American investors Former Director of Central Intelligence and companies.” [speaking at a Council meeting three w eeks before Tenet announced his resignation] —WEN JIABAO, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

“At the beginning of the revolution, whenever right- wing newspapers wished to curse me, they used to call me a feminist. They called me a defender of human rights. And at that time, a word like ‘liberal’ was a pejorative word. But, gradually, human rights in Iran established itself to the point that now defending human rights, protecting human rights, has gained a social “Tragically, in making the decision to go respect and value.” to war in Iraq, the Bush administration —SHIRIN EBADI, allowed its wishes, its inclinations, and its Iranian human rights activist and passions to alter the state of facts and the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize winner evidence of the threat we faced from Iraq.” —Senator EDWARD M. KENNEDY (D-MA)

6 “For years, al-Qaeda used our withdrawal from Somalia as an example of our lack of resolve. The lesson was “We cannot continue clear—inflict enough pain to say India, Pakistan, on Americans, and you will and Israel do not exist. achieve your aims. If our They are there. They enemies succeed in Iraq, they are de facto [nuclear] will have taught the world weapons states. And the lesson of Mogadishu a we have to deal with hundredfold.” the reality.” —Senator JOHN MCCAIN (R-AZ) —MOHAMED ELBARADEI, Director-General, International Atomic Energy Agency

“What intelligence we get—and how good it is—is a force-protection issue for America, but it is also a security issue for America going forward.” —Representative JANE HARMAN (D-CA)

“It should be clearly seen that those who commit violence in the name of Islam do not represent this faith in any way. The allegation that there is an antagonism between the Islamic world and the West emanates from a misleading reductionism. There are people on both sides that are deceived by this fallacy.” —RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN, Prime Minister of Turkey

“Just as the Cold War was an ideological as well as geopolitical struggle, the war against terrorism must be fought with ideas as well as with armies. Unless we win the battle of ideas, there will be no dearth of willing foot soldiers ready to martyr themselves for their cause.” —GOH CHOK TONG, Prime Minister of Singapore

7 letter from the chairman I n a presidential election year domi- nated by foreign policy issues and the war on terror, I cannot think of a more important or worthwhile institution than the Council on Foreign Relations. This year, in particular, we have a special responsibility to provide Americans with the background they need to make informed choices about the upcoming elections. One valuable channel for informing the interested public about the elections is the Council’s Campaign 2004 website (www.cfr.org/campaign2004). ABC News’ political website “The Note” praised it as a site that “does for foreign policy and the presidential candidates what somebody smart somewhere should be doing for domestic stuff. You’ll be blown away by how deep and thorough it is.” The website features briefs writ- ten by Council fellows summarizing top foreign policy issues, transcripts from campaign-related events at the Council, can- didates’ speeches and statements, scorecards comparing and contrasting candidates’ viewpoints on various foreign policy is- sues, links to other campaign-related websites, and a calendar of significant events on the campaign trail. As in past election years, Foreign Affairs also contributed to the Council’s campaign coverage through the publication of several articles recommending strategies for the next administration. These included C. Fred Bergsten’s “Economic Agenda for the Next President,” Samuel R. Berger’s “A Democratic Foreign Pol- icy,” and Senator Chuck Hagel’s “A Republican Foreign Policy.” We also, for the first time, hosted receptions and luncheons during this summer’s Democratic and Republican conventions in Boston (cohosted by Harvard’s Kennedy School) and New York to introduce the Council and its work to visiting delegates and party leaders. Both events were built around a panel of Peter G. Peterson Council fellows, joined in Boston by Harvard professors, dis-

8 letter from the chairman

We have a special responsibility to provide Americans with the background they need to make informed choices about the upcoming elections. cussing the major foreign policy and security chal- Finally, thanks go to Carla A. Hills and Robert E. lenges facing the country in 2005 and beyond. Rubin, our vice chairs, and to all the other directors The Council’s contributions will not end with of the Council for the time and energy they dedicate the election in November. In an effort to serve as a to making this institution great. Special thanks to resource for the next administration, the Council William J. McDonough, who has ably served as a di- will provide analysis and policy recommendations rector and vice chairman of our Board for many for critical foreign policy challenges facing the years, and in particular for his skillful chairmanship United States. These and other relevant materials of the Finance and Budget Committee during the will be featured in a special “Transition 2005” sec- years of the Council’s greatest growth. I am very sorry tion of the website. In last year’s message, I felt it was most appro- priate to give the warmest of thanks to then-President Leslie H. Gelb for his decade of ex- traordinary leadership. Les made us especially proud to be members of this great organization. This year, I want to ex- press my deep apprecia- tion to President Richard N. Haass. It has been a great first year. Richard has made several ab- solutely first-rate addi- tions to the staff. Our Task Forces, in my view, Peter G. Peterson with Afghanistan’s President Hamid Karzai and Council President Richard N. have never been more ef- Haass. fective, and our meetings program is better than ever. In short, the organization to bid farewell to several other longtime Board direc- is thriving. tors—John Deutch, Robert D. Hormats, Theodore C. Thanks as always to James F. Hoge Jr. for the Sorensen, and George Soros—whose service over the continuing success of Foreign Affairs. It has proved years made a deep impact on this institution. I am itself again and again to be America’s most influen- pleased to welcome Maurice R. Greenberg back to tial publication on international affairs and foreign the Board and look forward to working with new di- policy. So much more than a magazine, it is the in- rectors Madeleine K. Albright, Richard N. Foster, ternational forum of choice for the most important Joseph S. Nye Jr., and Fareed Zakaria. new ideas, analysis, and debate on the world’s most Peter G. Peterson significant issues. Chairman of the Board

9 president’s Message I t is only a small stretch to speak of three phases in the post–Cold War American foreign policy debate. The first, from 1989 until 9/11, was dominated by the pervasive view that foreign policy counted for less, now that the Cold War was over and the Soviet Union a thing of the past. Indeed, with the exception of what can be described as a mostly elite discussion of Bosnia and Kosovo, one is hard pressed to identify much of a foreign policy de- bate during the 1990s. Al-Qaeda’s attacks brought this phase (one is tempted to say “illusion”) to an abrupt end. Clearly, the United States could not hide or shield itself from the many manifestations of globaliza- tion, most notably terrorism. The world remained a relevant and dangerous place for the United States. But still there was little domestic debate, as Americans almost to a person agreed on the need to confront terrorism in Afghanistan and elsewhere. The Iraq war, however, has ushered in a third phase, and suddenly foreign policy and national security are not simply front and center but con- troversial. The war in Iraq—at its core a war of choice, one that has proved to be more costly and difficult than anticipated by many—has raised basic questions in the United States and around the world about the use of American power, in- cluding when and how it should be employed. This heightened interest in the world and in what the United States should do to shape it pres- ents obvious opportunities for the Council. We have done our best to take advantage of them. Richard N. Haass Council fellows—in their books, reports, articles,

10 president’s message

congressional testimonies, speeches, and media commentaries—along with Independent Task Forces have helped to deepen our understand- ing, shape debate, and, in some cases, affect policy on issues rang- ing from the conflict in Iraq and the future of transatlantic relations to the potential role of nonlethal weapons and choices for addressing global climate change. We have succeeded this past year for many reasons. One is where we began. I am fortunate and then some in my choice of predecessor. Leslie H. Gelb de- serves our continuing thanks and recognition for all he did to trans- form this organization. I would also like to thank Board Council Honorary Chairman David Rockefeller with Nestor Kirchner, Presi- Chairman Peter G. Peterson, Board dent of Argentina.

Council members await the arrival of new Iraqi Foreign Minister Hoshyar Zebari two weeks before the June 28, 2004, U.S. handover of power in Iraq.

11 president’s Message

Council Vice Chairman Robert E. Rubin with Richard N. Haass and Council Director of Studies James M. Lindsay.

have been involved, devoted, and generous. The result is a Council that is flourishing: in- tellectually, socially, financially. I also want to pay special tribute to the staff. For obvious reasons we cannot compete with the private sector in what we can offer in the way of com- pensation, but I do believe we can compete with any organi- zation when it comes to the tal- Vice Chairmen Carla A. Hills and Robert E. Rubin, ent and commitment of our employees. and the two-dozen-plus other directors who do so It has been a year of considerable change. On the much for this organization. Pete, in particular, has personnel side, we have a new director of studies been generous with his wisdom, and if I have (James M. Lindsay), a new Washington director done well this first year, it is in no small part (Nancy E. Roman), our first fellow in global health thanks to his counsel. I would also like to thank (Laurie Garrett), and a new next generation fellow Alton Frye for his dedicated service to the Coun- (Steven A. Cook). We also can look back on a re- cil. We are recognizing his invaluable contribu- vised mission statement; the improvement of an al- tion by naming him the Council’s first presidential ready strong meetings program owing to the senior fellow emeritus. introduction of book clubs, a History Makers series, Last but hardly least I want to thank the mem- and film nights; the regular convening of dedicated bers of the Council—term, life, and corporate. You conference calls for our national members; the pub- lication of a Council promo- tional brochure and a revitalized annual report; the introduction of a bequest initiative to com- plement annual giving; the launch of a monthly Foreign Affairs bestseller list in conjunc- tion with Barnes & Noble; the establishment (thanks to Patrick M. Byrne) of the new General John W. Vessey Senior Fellowship for conflict preven-

King Abdullah II of Jordan (center) with Madeleine K. Albright and George J. Mitchell.

12 president’s Message

My goal is to make the Council a true and valued resource for members in conference rooms; for students and professors in classrooms; for journalists in newsrooms; for business leaders in boardrooms; for members of Congress in committee rooms; for the administration in the situation room. tion; the introduction of a series of Council Special American grand strategy, global governance, and Reports to supplement the important work of Coun- Arab world reform while we continue to address cil-sponsored Independent Task Forces and Council critical regions, countries, and issues. We also are Policy Initiatives; and the opening of a Council hard at work improving our already excellent web- “store” where members can take care of their holiday site, www.cfr.org. A new and even better version will shopping and look smart too. be up and running this coming year. And we are ex- I noted earlier that the increased interest in the ploring what more the Council can do in the educa- world and in U.S. policy has presented new oppor- tion realm; I believe that we can continue to serve tunities for the Council. It also poses important our members and this country’s foreign-policy mak- obligations. We have gone and will continue to go ers while at the same time making more of a differ- the extra mile to live up to our mission and be ence in the lives of students and interested citizens truly independent and nonpartisan. My goal is to throughout this great country of ours. make the Council a true and valued resource for Let me close if I may on a more personal note. members in New York, Washington, and around This has been a wonderful, challenging, and satis- the country in conference rooms; for students and fying year for me and for the entire Haass family. I professors in classrooms; for journalists in news- want to thank all of you for your support, for your rooms; for business leaders in boardrooms; for advice, and for how much you care about and are members of Congress in committee rooms; for the committed to the Council. administration in the situation room. Richard N. Haass As much as we have accomplished, there will be President no resting on our laurels in the year ahead. Board Chair- man Peter G. Peterson de- scribes in his essay all that we are doing and planning to do to contribute to the quality of the presidential campaign and the subsequent transi- tion. In addition, we plan to continue to strengthen our Studies Program, sharpening the focus on our priorities of

Council Vice Chairman Carla A. Hills (center) with Louis V. Gerst- ner Jr. and Mickey Kantor at a meeting of former United States trade representatives.

13 F OREIGN AFFAIR S F oreign Affairs is making unprecedented strides in expanding its audience and attracting younger readers. Paid circulation now exceeds 134,000—a 25 percent increase since 2000. The magazine’s website, www.foreignaffairs.org, is playing a key role in this steady growth. Drawing 2.4 million visitors a year, the website generates a thousand subscriptions each month. Moreover, the new subscribers are, on average, fifteen years younger than those who previously subscribed, and women account for a growing share of those subscribers, according to an independent reader survey. Strong and timely arti- The rise of Asia—with China as the central at- cles contributed to these traction—also received sustained attention. Foreign healthy publishing re- Affairs’ authors pointed to heightened tensions as sults. Many articles dur- well as many benefits stemming from the region’s ing the past twelve surging economic growth. More than one contrib- months focused on the utor questioned whether the United States was pre- war in Iraq and its wide pared to deal with a stronger, more confident Asia. effects on U.S. foreign pol- Other authors addressed energy demands, environ- icy and relations with mental degradation, and trade impasses—all issues other countries. Authors exacerbated by Asia’s dynamic economies. this year highlighted criti- Throughout the year, Foreign Affairs featured cal issues, such as the in- penetrating analyses and differing views on how effectuality of the UN America should use its dominance. Should the Security Council, the rise United States wield its strength unilaterally to bring James F. Hoge Jr. of post-Saddam security order to a world made unstable by rogue states and challenges in the Middle East, the prospect of civil terrorist organizations? Is preemptive military force war in Iraq, and the worldwide growth of animosity more necessary now than in the past? Or would the toward America. Former Secretary of State Madeleine United States gain more by using the soft powers of K. Albright concluded that the U.S. attack on Iraq diplomacy and multilateralism? was a mistaken diversion from the war on terrorism. In the year ahead, Foreign Affairs will focus on Colin L. Powell, Albright’s successor, sounded a ring- some of the key issues that should be addressed by ing defense of the Bush foreign policy in a later issue. the presidential candidates. Topping the list will be a de-

14 F OREIGN AFFAIR S

Throughout the year, Foreign Affairs featured penetrating analyses and differing views on how America should use its dominance.

tailed assessment of the democratization pro- gram in Iraq—the key decisions that have helped or hurt the effort and the challenges that lie ahead. The magazine will also undertake a close examination of homeland security— measures taken and vulnerabilities remaining. In particular, the United States is vulnerable to lethal devices in ship or truck containers com- ing into ports and across borders that are loosely protected. Counterproliferation is yet another critical subject, given the threat of nu- clear weaponry in terrorists’ hands. Fresh ef- forts to restrict access to the fissile materials required for weapons development have been launched, but much more needs to be done. A sense of urgency is very much in order. Also scheduled is an update on the state of democ- racy in the developing world. Contrary to some analysts’ conclusions, fledgling democracies are economically outperforming soft authoritarian regimes. With the start of the new academic year, students and faculty can benefit from full access to the magazine’s online archives for teaching and research. This initiative complements the magazine’s successful anthologies and cus- tomized textbooks. Foreign Affairs is also launching a test of “academic site li- censes.” Users of fifty university networks will be given free access to the magazine’s online service, including archives. This pilot program, versus a rollout to all campuses, allows for fine-tuning of the service and for personal feedback. The initial test group is roughly representative of large and small campuses across the country.

Foreign Affairs Bestseller List In the May/June 2004 issue, Foreign Affairs introduced a new feature that ranks top- selling hardcover books on American foreign policy and inter national affairs, based on national sales at Bar nes & Noble bookstores and on www .BarnesandNoble.com. The bestseller list appear s as the closing feature of each issue of the magazine, with a monthly update on both www .foreignaffair s.org and www.BarnesandNoble.com. Foreign Affairs has long been noted for its pith y and insightful book re views, and the magazine’s readers are avid book buyer s, purchasing more than tw enty books on a verage each year. And bookstore customer s are increasingly reading Foreign Affairs: this year Foreign Affairs was ranked 26th of all magazines sold at Bar nes & Noble, up from 228th last year .

15 Special Initiatives E ach year the Council identifies a small number of initiatives for special emphasis. The following are highlights from 2003–2004: • Six Independent Task Forces reports, including one update on Iraq and one on transatlantic relations; four new Task Forces in progress. • A Council Policy Initiative explored policy options for combating climate change. • Council Special Reports, a new series of concise policy briefs that respond rapidly to pressing foreign policy concerns and contribute to emerging policy debates, kicked off with groundbreaking reports on such subjects as the Republic of Georgia, the Philippines, and the G8 partnership with Africa. • Campaign 2004 brought Council fellows to brief delegates and others at both the Democratic and Republican national conventions, and the Campaign 2004 website presented issue briefs and candidates’ foreign policy statements. • A Book Club series focused Council members nationwide on the use of military force in U.S. foreign policy. • The third annual Arthur Ross Book Award honored volumes that made an outstanding contribution to the understanding of foreign policy or international relations. • The Council’s website, www.cfr.org, continued to inform members and the public while plans are underway for a major overhaul.

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Task Forces

he Council sponsors an Independent Task Force when (1) an issue of current and criti- Tcal importance to U.S. foreign policy arises, and (2) it seems that a group diverse in backgrounds and perspectives may, nonetheless, be able to reach a meaningful consensus on a policy through private and nonpartisan deliberations. Once formed, Task Forces are independent from the Council. Task Force chairs, directors, and members are solely re- sponsible for the content of their reports. The Independent Task Force on Transatlantic Relations, co-chaired by Henry A. Kissinger and Lawrence H. Summers, called on the United States and Europe to revitalize the Atlantic alliance by forging new “rules of the road” governing the use of force, adapting the North Atlantic Treaty Organi- Transatlantic Relations Task Force Co-Chairs Lawrence H. zation to meet today’s threats coming from outside Summers and Henry A. Kissinger and Task Force Director and Council Senior Fellow Charles A. Kupchan meet with jour- Europe, and launching a major initiative to bring nalists to discuss the Task Force’s findings. about political and economic reform in the greater Middle East. The Task Force, which included for- The Independent Task Force on Iraq, co-chaired mer senior government officials, business leaders, by Thomas R. Pickering and James R. Schlesinger, and policy experts from both sides of the Atlantic, released in March 2004 a “one year later” update to generated significant media attention in the United its 2003 report, calling on the Bush administration States and Europe. In addition to briefings in the and the presumptive Democratic nominee to reaf- United States, Task Force members took their re- firm Washington’s commitment to security and re- port on the road, holding meetings and press con- construction in Iraq. The Task Force recommended ferences in London, Paris, Brussels, and Rome. that the United States declare that coalition forces will continue to provide essential security in Iraq until the Iraqi security forces can do so on their own; emphasize that the transfer of sovereignty does not signal a diminished U.S. commitment to supporting stability, reconstruction, and a peaceful political transition; affirm that it is prepared to sus- tain a multi-billion-dollar commitment to Iraq for at least the next several years; and ensure the broad involvement of Iraqis and a leading role for the United Nations in the political transition in Iraq. The Independent Task Force on Terrorist Financ- ing, chaired by Maurice R. Greenberg, undertook a review of developments since the October 2002 re- lease of its initial report, one that helped spur im- portant legislative and executive actions. The review Iraq Task Force Project Consultant Eric P. Schwartz with included an assessment of statutory and regulatory Task Force Co-Chair James R. Schlesinger. changes in Saudi Arabia as well as U.S. diplomatic

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Task Forces are independent. Task Force chairs, directors, and members are solely responsible for the content of their reports.

Platt, and Marshall M. Bouton, recommended new initiatives to solidify the U.S. partnership with an economically and mil- itarily stronger India and to carefully calibrate sup- port for Pakistan in its efforts to become a mod- erate Muslim state. The chairmen’s report also called for a more active U.S. role in the volatile Kashmir conflict and redoubled support for the security initiatives of Hamid Karzai’s govern- ment in Afghanistan. Members of the Task South Asia Task Force Co-Chair Frank G. Wisner (seated) and Task Force Co-Director and Force, cosponsored with Council Senior Fellow Mahnaz Ispahani (right) at the Task Force rollout. the Asia Society, traveled to the region in December and law enforcement actions over the past year and 2003 to discuss their findings and recommenda- a half to curtail terrorist financing. tions with senior officials in India, Pakistan, and The Independent Task Force on Nonlethal Afghanistan. Weapons, co-chaired by Graham T. Allison and The Independent Task Force on Public Diplo- Paul X. Kelley, found that a lack of nonlethal macy, chaired by Peter G. Peterson, concluded weapons capability hindered U.S. efforts in post- that the United States must do much more to conflict Iraq and urged the Defense Department to counter rising anti-Americanism around the increase funding for its nonlethal weapons pro- world. The Task Force report, revised in 2003 to gram. Incorporating nonlethal capabilities into take account of developments in Iraq, called for the equipment, training, and doctrine of the a renewed national commitment to vigorous armed services, the Task Force found, could sub- public diplomacy. The Task Force’s primary rec- stantially improve U.S. effectiveness in conflict ommendation was greater integration of public and post-conflict situations, as well as improve diplomacy into the making of foreign policy. Ad- homeland defense. The Task Force continues to ditional recommendations included improving brief officials at the Defense Department and the global communications about U.S. policies, cul- Department of Homeland Security on its recom- ture, and values, and better coordination be- mendations. tween the White House and the myriad The chairmen of the Independent Task Force on government agencies representing the United India and South Asia, Frank G. Wisner, Nicholas States abroad.

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new Task Forces societies, recommend ways for the U.S. govern- ment to organize itself to meet these requirements, Former National Security Adviser Zbigniew and outline how these responsibilities should be Brzezinski and former Director of Central Intelli- shared with other governments, international or- gence Robert M. Gates co-chaired the Independent ganizations, and the private sector. Task Force on Iran, which released its report, Iran: Former Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright Time for a New Approach, in July 2004. The Task and former Representative Vin Weber will co-chair Force found that despite considerable political flux and popular dissatisfaction, Iran is not on the verge of another revolution. Due to the urgency of U.S. concerns in the region, the Task Force recom- mended that Washington pursue direct dialogue

Task Force on U.S. Policy toward Iran Co-Chairs Zbigniew Brzezinski (left) and Robert M. Gates (above).

a Task Force on Reform in the Arab World. The Task Force will evaluate U.S. interests in promoting with Tehran on specific areas of mutual concern. modernization and reform in the greater Middle The Task Force concluded that the ongoing inves- East, assess the effectiveness of existing U.S. pro- tigation of the International Atomic Energy Agency grams, and recommend policies for the United into Iran’s nuclear program and the evolving situa- States, other countries, the private sector, and in- tions in Iraq and Afghanistan underscore the vital ternational organizations. relevance of Iran for U.S. policy and create a new William F. Weld, former governor of Massachu- environment for engagement. setts, will lead a Task Force on North America. The Former National Security Advisers Samuel R. Task Force, to be co-chaired with counterparts Berger and Brent Scowcroft are leading a Task Force from Canada and Mexico, will address the range of on Post-Conflict Capabilities that will evaluate the transnational issues affecting the three North arguments for building a stronger international ca- American nations, including trade, energy, the en- pacity for stabilizing and rebuilding post-conflict vironment, immigration, and homeland security.

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C ouncil Policy Initiatives

he Council launches a Council Policy Ini- to expend substantial resources attempting to tiative (CPI) to address critical foreign pol- control emissions. It recommends relying on vol- Ticy issues when it seems unlikely that a untary emission reductions and advocates invest- Task Force can reconcile clashing views and forge ing in new technologies that might make it less a meaningful consensus. CPIs foster public debate costly to reduce emissions in the future. by exploring competing viewpoints on an issue. The second option, “Reinvigorating Kyoto,” CPIs may be written by a single author or a team argues that the United States should reengage in of authors, and they are international climate prepared in consulta- change negotiations, tion with an advisory with the goal of creat- committee composed of ing a successor agree- recognized experts on ment to the Kyoto the issue in question. Protocol that contains CPIs are written for emission reduction tar- the public as well as for gets the United States experts. Beginning with could realistically achieve a hypothetical memo to while also imposing the president that re- binding emission limits views the relevant his- on developing coun- torical, political, and tries. This option would technical background also create a global sys- to the issue, CPIs then tem to allow firms and present each alternative governments to trade approach as a speech emission credits in an that could be delivered effort to find the most on the topic. The CPI economically efficient tries to make the best solution. case for each alterna- The third option, tive rather than advo- “Making a Market,” cate any one strategy. dismisses Kyoto-style This year, David G. solutions as unwork- Victor, adjunct senior able because they try to fellow at the Council and director of the Program create a top-down global emission reduction sys- on Energy and Sustainable Development at Stan- tem. It instead recommends that the United ford University, wrote a CPI titled Climate States create its own emission trading system, and Change: Debating America’s Policy Options. This it envisions the eventual emergence of an inter- book offers three policy options. The first, “Adap- national emission trading system from the bot- tation and Innovation,” argues that uncertainties tom up, as individual national programs are in the science of climate change make it unwise linked together.

CPIs foster public debate by exploring competing viewpoints on a critical foreign policy issue.

20 special initiatives

Council Special Reports are concise briefs designed to respond rapidly to a developing crisis or to contribute to an emerging policy debate.

C ouncil Special Reports

n 2004 the Council began publishing concise briefs designed to respond rap- Iidly to a developing crisis or to con- tribute to an emerging policy debate. Council Special Reports are written by a single author in consultation with an advi- sory committee of independent experts on the country or issue at hand. The author may be a Council fellow or an acknowl- edged expert from outside the institution. This past year the Council’s Center for Preventive Action released two Council Spe- cial Reports, one on Georgia and one on the Philippines. Stability, Security, and Sovereignty in the Republic of Georgia was written by Council Senior Fellow David L. Phillips and released in January at a conference in Tbilisi. The report proposed a practical strategy for stabilizing the country during the first one hundred days of Mikhail Saakashvili’s presi- dency and for increasing Georgia’s economic prosperity in the long run. The new Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili of the Republic of Georgia speaks to government used the report’s recommenda- Council members. tions to help determine its governing priori- ties, and the report’s recommendations on structural bank Memorial Fund, recommended that Washing- reform were incorporated as benchmarks at a June ton adopt a longer-term and broader-based AIDS 2004 donors’ conference in Brussels. Challenges for a strategy that focuses on strengthening basic health- Post-Election Philippines was written by Catharin E. care systems in the developing world and addresses Dalpino, a former deputy assistant secretary of state critical issues that go beyond health delivery. The and adjunct professor at Georgetown University. Re- second report, Freedom, Prosperity, and Security— leased at a Council meeting in May, immediately after The G8 Partnership with Africa: Sea Island 2004 and the Philippine presidential elections, the report rec- Beyond, was written by Princeton N. Lyman, the ommended an array of steps for the new government Council’s Ralph Bunche senior fellow for Africa to take to address the economic, political, and secu- policy studies, and produced in cooperation with rity challenges facing the Philippines. Chatham House in London. It urged the United The Council’s Africa program also prepared two States to incorporate African issues more fully in Special Reports, both released in May. The first, Ad- the discussions at the June 2004 summit meeting of dressing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: A U.S. Global AIDS the G8 group of advanced industrialized nations Strategy for the Long Term, cosponsored by the Mil- plus Russia in Sea Island, Georgia.

21 special initiatives

Campaign 2004

or the first time in a generation, foreign policy • Issue briefs: 500-word summaries of the top for- issues are at the center of a presidential elec- eign policy issues, written by Council experts; Ftion. To help inform members and the general • Candidate speeches and statements: a compre- public—and to highlight its strengths as the nation’s hensive collection of each candidate’s foreign leading foreign policy think tank—the Council or- policy speeches and statements; ganized a trio of Campaign 2004 activities. • Candidate scorecards: short, objective overviews comparing and contrasting the candidates’ posi- C2004 Website tions on foreign policy issues; Building on the success of its C2000 initiative, the • C2004 at the Council: transcripts, webcasts, and Council is again using the Internet to inform mem- videos of campaign-related events at the Council; bers, journalists, students, and interested citizens • Political links: a list of other political websites; and about foreign policy in the U.S. presidential elec- • Futures calendar: a chronological list of signifi- tion campaign. cant events on the campaign trail, from the pri- Visitors to C2004 (www.cfr.org/campaign2004) maries through the conventions and the will find a wealth of resources: presidential debates.

22 special initiatives

To inform members and the public—and to highlight its strengths as the nation’s leading foreign policy think tank—the Council launched Campaign 2004.

Convention Senators Gordon H. Smith (R-OR) Briefings and Joseph R. Biden Jr. (D-DE) face off in the first of the Council’s During each of the political debates between leading Republicans and Democrats. parties’ summer nominating conventions, the Council hosted a luncheon reception for delegates and other party leaders. In both New York and Boston—where Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government was a co-host—Council President Richard N. Haass led panels on critical U.S. foreign policy challenges for 2005 and be- yond. For Democratic and Republican conventioneers, many of whom were unfamil- iar with the Council, the two events provided an introduction to the Council and its fellows during a provocative give-and-take on critical campaign issues.

Senator Jon Kyl (R-AZ) discusses Iraq and intelligence one week after Senator Independent presidential candidate Ralph Edward M. Kennedy (D-MA) gave a foreign policy address to Council members. Nader.

23 special initiatives

Meetings and Debates

During the run-up to the primaries and through- out the primary season, independent candidate Ralph Nader and most of the Democratic hopefuls spoke at the Council. Wesley K. Clark, Howard Dean (whose Council speech was his first formal foreign policy address), Richard A. Gephardt, Bob Graham, John F. Kerry, and Joseph I. Lieberman visited the Council and presented their views. The role of foreign policy in the election was the sub- ject of several Coun- cil meetings (and the

Teresa Heinz Kerry and John F. Kerry.

subtext of many more). Throughout the year, journalists, pollsters, and scholars gave partici- pants a tour of the ever-changing political land- scape. As the conventions neared, the Council’s Washington Program inaugurated a series of head-to-head debates between leading Republi- cans and Democrats. The first took place in mid- May, when Senator Joseph R. Biden Jr. (D-DE) faced off against his colleague Senator Gordon H. Smith (R-OR).

Democratic presidential candidates (clockwise from top): Richard A. Gephardt, Wesley K. Clark, Joseph I. Lieberman, Bob Graham, and Howard Dean.

24 special initiatives

Book Club

his year the Council launched a nationwide The series began with Michael Walzer’s Just and Book Club series to focus its members on Unjust Wars, which explores some of the most crit- Tclassics and important recent works in in- ical questions in international relations, including ternational relations and U.S. foreign policy, to the use of preemptive military force and whether stimulate debate and discussion, and to build a the ends of war can ever justify the means. In the greater sense of community among its members. wake of the war with Iraq, these questions remain Distinguished members led and hosted discus- as relevant as they were for the statesmen and sions in thirteen cities. philosophers of old. The Arthur Ross Book Award

he annual Arthur Ross Book Award recog- Benjamin and Steven Simon for their book The Age nizes books that make an outstanding con- of Sacred Terror. The silver medal went to Robert tribution to the understanding of foreign Cooper for The Breaking of Nations, and an honor- T able mention was awarded to Ivo H. Daalder and policy or international relations. The prize, en- dowed by Council member Arthur Ross in 2001, James M. Lindsay for America Unbound: The Bush evaluates nonfiction works published in the pre- Revolution in Foreign Policy. ceding two years, in English or in translation, that merit special attention for • bringing forth new information that changes our understanding of events or problems; • developing analytical approaches that allow new and different insights into a key issue; or • providing new ideas to help resolve foreign pol- icy problems. With a gold medal prize of $10,000 and a silver medal prize of $5,000, the Arthur Ross Book Award is the most substantial award in the United States for any book on international affairs. Arthur Ross with Gary Hart at the Arthur Ross Book Award In 2004, the gold medal was awarded to Daniel event. Revamping www.cfr.org

ww.cfr.org is undergoing a top-to-bot- lows’ op-ed articles, interviews, and background tom overhaul. The goal is to build on questions and answers—with a significantly im- Wthe advances of recent years and con- proved information “architecture” that makes the tinue the website’s evolution as the “first stop” In- material more readily accessible to all types of ternet resource for users seeking balanced, users, from www.cfr.org’s core audiences of mem- nonpartisan, and up-to-date discussion and analy- bers and other experts to the growing number of sis of global developments, U.S. foreign policy, and individuals interested in international relations. international relations. The redesigned site will For each topic covered on the site, users will find present the current mix of content—Task Force re- information designed to appeal to their level of ex- ports, transcripts of on-the-record meetings, fel- pertise and knowledge.

25 Studies Program T he Studies Program produced nine new books over the past year, and three fellows saw their work honored with prestigious prizes. With national security dominating the news, Council fellows appeared regularly on television and radio, in the pages of the national press, and before Congress to share their expertise. Council President Richard N. Haass identified with America Unbound, a sweeping analysis of U.S. three research priorities for the Studies Program: foreign policy during the first years of the Bush ad- American grand strategy, reform in the Arab and Is- ministration. Walter Russell Mead explored how the lamic world, and global governance. Vice President United States should navigate a world of risk in his and Director of Studies James M. Lindsay con- book Power, Terror, Peace, and War. Max Boot, who tributed to the debate about American grand strategy this year became a weekly columnist for the Los An- geles Times, previewed in Foreign Affairs his project on how revolutions in military technology remake the battlefield and the course of history. Several Council fellows examined prospects for re- form in the Arab and Islamic world. Steven A. Cook launched a project exploring how the United States might promote democracy in Islamic countries; he also finished a book examining civil-military rela- tions in Egypt, Turkey, and Algeria. Rachel Bronson focused on the historical evolution of U.S. policy to- ward Saudi Arabia. Henry Siegman continued his work on the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and prepared a report recommending reforms for the Palestinian Authority. Isobel Coleman brought some of her initial research on the link between em- powering women and reform in the Middle East to the pages of Foreign Affairs. Elliot J. Schrage ran a roundtable exploring how private companies can promote reform in the greater Middle East. Council Senior Fellows Elizabeth C. Economy and Adam Global governance preoccupied another group of Segal at a meeting on China and Southeast Asia. fellows. Lee Feinstein examined the declining legiti-

26 Studies Program

With national security dominating the news, Council fellows appeared regularly on television and radio, in the national press, and before Congress. macy and effectiveness of international institutions created to stem nuclear New Arrivals proliferation. He and Anne-Marie Slaughter argued in Foreign Affairs that Two well-known experts and one international legal rules should be re- promising scholar joined the vised to impose on countries a duty to Studies Program during the past prevent proliferation. Stephen E. year. James M. Lindsay, an expert in domestic influences on Ameri Flynn finished his book America the can foreign policy, accepted the Vulnerable, which argues that Wash- position of vice president, direc- ington has not done enough to secure tor of studies, and Maurice R. the American homeland, and began a Greenberg chair. He was formerly project to consider how to reconcile deputy director and senior fellow America’s interest in tighter border in foreign policy studies at the controls with developing countries’ Brookings Institution and director needs for access to U.S. markets. David for global issues and multilateral G. Victor wrote a Council Policy Ini- affairs on the staff of the Na- tiative that examined options for deal- tional Security Council. ing with the threat of climate change. Laurie Garrett,a longtime The Maurice R. Greenberg Center medical and science writer for Newsday for Geoeconomic Studies continued its and winner of the Peabody, Polk, and Pulitzer prizes inquiry into how economic and politi- in journalism, became the Coun- James M. Lindsay cal forces interact to influence world af- cil’s fi st senior fellow for global fairs. Benn Steil chaired the McKinsey health. Her wor k examines the Executive Roundtable Series in Inter- consequences that global health national Economics and worked on issues such as the spread of his book on financial statecraft. Jagdish HIV/AIDS and other infectious N. Bhagwati debunked the criticisms diseases, worldwide inequities in of anti-globalization protesters in his life expectancy, and rising rates book In Defense of Globalization and of antimicrobial resistance ha ve defended free trade agreements in on national security . Free Trade Today. Gene B. Sperling co- Steven A. Cook joined the authored a report with Barbara Herz Council as a next generation fel- that reviewed how investing in girls’ low. He was formerly a research fellow at the Brookings Institu- education stimulates economic growth tion and an instr uctor at the Uni- in the developing world. Roger M. versity of Pennsylvania. He is an Kubarych worked on his book about expert on Arab and T urkish poli- the Americanization of finance, and tics, and his wor k focuses on James P. Dougherty led a roundtable the prospects for promoting that discussed how outsourcing and democracy in the Arab and Is- new patterns of technological innova- lamic world. Steven A. Cook tion affect American primacy.

27 Studies Program

Council Senior Fellow Laurie Garrett discusses the threat of tuberculosis at a global health roundtable.

Under the leadership of William L. Nash, the also released a Special Report advising the new Center for Preventive Action released the report Philippine government on how to respond to the Andes 2020. That project, directed by Julia E. significant economic, political, and security chal- Sweig, identified practical strategies for promoting lenges it faces. peace and justice in the Andean region. David L. The Studies Department also contributed to Phillips launched the new Council Special Report other regional debates. The National Journal named series with a short study identifying steps that the Elizabeth C. Economy one of the country’s top new Georgian government should take to ensure China experts for her pathbreaking work on its stability, security, and sovereignty. The center China’s environmental problems, documented in her book The River Runs Black. Edward J. Lincoln completed his book East Asian Economic Region- alism, which explores the conse- quences of East Asia’s increased cooperation on trade, investment, and exchange rates. Eric Hegin- botham and Adam Segal collabo- rated on a conference examining the economic impact of the North Korean nuclear crisis. On European issues, Charles A. Kupchan served as project direc- tor for the Council’s Independent Task Force Report Renewing the Atlantic Partnership. Stephen R. Anne-Marie Slaughter, Gareth Evans, and the Council’s Deputy Director of Studies Sestanovich led the Roundtable Lee Feinstein at a meeting of the roundtable “Old Rules, New Threats.” on Russia and Eurasia in dis-

28 Studies Program

Council President Richard N. Haass identified three research priorities: American grand strategy, reform in the Arab and Islamic world, and global governance.

The conference on the future of Iraq, “Oil, Politics, Where Are We Going?” moderated by Council Senior Fellow Rachel Bronson. cussing how Russian politics, economics, and for- with Daniel M. Fox, a report cosponsored by the eign policy have changed under President Vladimir Milbank Memorial Fund evaluating the Bush ad- Putin. James M. Goldgeier co-authored, with ministration’s strategy for addressing the global Michael A. McFaul, Power and Purpose, a history of HIV/AIDS pandemic. He also wrote a Council Spe- U.S. policy toward Russia after the Cold War. cial Report that urged the Bush administration to Princeton N. Lyman worked to raise the visibil- give greater priority to Africa issues at the G8 sum- ity of Africa in the United States. He co-authored, mit meeting in Sea Island, Georgia.

Awards for Council Fellows’ Books Three Council fellows w ere honored with prestigious book portant historical book published in Italian. The a ward prizes over the past year . James M. Lindsay’s America Un- committee applauded Mead, the Henry A. Kissinger sen- bound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy, co-authored ior fellow in U.S. foreign policy , for telling “with great intel- with Ivo H. Daalder,was awarded the 2003 Lionel Gelber ligence, competence, and interpretative vigor the stor y of Prize, presented with the Silver A ward for book of the year the United States’ actual foreign policy .” in political science b y Foreword Magazine, named a “Book Senior Fellow Julia E. Sweig received the American His- of the Year” by the Economist, and given honorable men- torical Association’ s 2003 Herber t Feis Award for her tion for the 2004 Ar thur Ross Book A ward. book Inside the Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro and the The Italian translation of Walter Russell Mead’s Special Urban Underground. The award committee cited the book Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It Changed as a “thoroughly researched and elegantly written vol- the World won the Premio Acqui Storia for the most im- ume” on Castro’ s rise to pow er.

29 Publications

ouncil publications take a variety of forms The Council’s website is an increasingly impor- to reach a multitude of audiences, including tant showcase for publications. Abstracts and first Cpolicy experts, the academic community, chapters of most Council books and the full text of business leaders, and interested members of the reports are available on the website, which also of- general public. Council books are published by fers links to online bookstores where Council pub- leading commercial and university presses; Task lications may be purchased. The number of people Force reports and papers are produced and mar- accessing Council publications through the website keted by the Publications Department. This year the is increasing and will continue to grow with the Council introduced a new format—Council Special launch of a redesigned website in the fall. Finding Reports—to rapidly address timely issues. In addi- and reading Council publications online will be tion, the Council created a brochure that provides easier than ever before. an overview of the institution and its activities, and oversaw the redesign of the annual report. BOOKS BY COUNCIL FELLOWS • America the Vulnerable: How Our Government Is Failing to Protect Us from Terrorism, by Stephen Praise for Council Books E. Flynn. A Council on Foreign Relations Book. HarperCollins (2004). “America the Vulnerable will grip you, intrigue you, frighten you and inspire you. ” • America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in For- —Nor man J. Or nstein, Resident Scholar, eign Policy, by Ivo H. Daalder and James M. American Enterprise Institute Lindsay. Brookings Institution Press (2003). “An outstandingly effective book—[Jagdish Bhagw ati’s] • Climate Change: Debating America’s Policy Options, best popular wor k to date. Until fur ther notice, In Defense by David G. Victor. A Council Policy Initiative. of Globalization becomes the standard general-interest ref- Council on Foreign Relations Press (2004). erence, the intelligent la yman’s handbook, on global eco- nomic integration.” • East Asian Economic Regionalism, by Edward J. — The Economist Lincoln. Brookings Institution Press in coopera- “America Unbound [is] a splendidly illuminating book. ” tion with the Council on Foreign Relations New York Times — (2004). “Deep and provocative . . . Power, Terror, Peace, and War Free Trade Today, by Jagdish N. Bhagwati. A is indispensable to an yone trying to for mulate a sensible • Council on Foreign Relations Book. Princeton foreign policy in light of the ne w threats facing America. ” — The National Review University Press (2003). “Elizabeth C. Econom y’s book hits m y ‘Top Ten’ list from • In Defense of Globalization, by Jagdish N. Bhag- the day it is published. ” wati. A Council on Foreign Relations Book. Ox- —Rober t A. Kapp, President, US-China Business Council ford University Press (2004). “David Victor has so ar tfully and persuasively laid out the • Power and Purpose: U.S. Policy toward Russia after arguments toward climate change that I find yself the Cold War, by James M. Goldgeier and Michael tempted by the logic of each. The for mat of laying out the A. McFaul. Brookings Institution Press (2003). science, and then presenting three presidential speeches, Power, Terror, Peace, and War: America’s Grand is brilliant and highly instr uctive.” • —William K. Reilly, former Administrator, Strategy in a World at Risk, by Walter Russell U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mead. A Council on Foreign Relations Book. Al- fred A. Knopf (2004). 30 publications

• The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China’s Future, by Elizabeth C. Economy. A Council on Foreign Relations Book. Cornell University Press (2004).

INDEPENDENT TASK FORCE REPORTS • Finding America’s Voice: A Strategy for Reinvigorating U.S. Public Diplomacy. Peter G. Peterson, chair; Jennifer Sieg, project director; Sharon Herbstman, project coordinator (2003). • Iraq: One Year After. Thomas R. Pickering and James R. Schlesinger, co-chairs; Eric P. Schwartz, project consultant (2004). • New Priorities in South Asia. Frank G. Wisner, Nicholas Platt, and Marshall M. Bouton, co-chairs; Dennis Kux and Mahnaz Is- pahani, project co-directors (2003). • Nonlethal Weapons and Capabilities. Graham T. Allison and Paul X. Kelley, co-chairs; Richard L. Garwin, project director (2004). • Renewing the Atlantic Partnership. Henry A. Kissinger and Lawrence H. Summers, co-chairs; Charles A. Kupchan, project director (2004). • An Update on the Global Campaign against Terrorist Fi- nancing. Maurice R. Greenberg, chair; Lee Wolosky and William Wechsler, project co-directors (2004).

CENTER FOR PREVENTIVE ACTION COMMISSION REPORT • Andes 2020: A New Strategy for the Challenges of Colom- bia and the Region. Daniel W. Christman and John G. Heimann, co-chairs; Julia E. Sweig, project director (2004).

COUNCIL SPECIAL REPORTS • Addressing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: A U.S. Global AIDS Strategy for the Long Term, by Princeton N. Lyman. Milbank Memorial Fund (2004). • Challenges for a Post-Election Philippines, by Catharin E. Dalpino (2004). • Freedom, Prosperity, and Security: The G8 Partnership with Africa: Sea Island 2004 and Beyond. J. Brian Atwood and Robert S. Browne, co-chairs; Princeton N. Lyman, project director (2004). • Stability, Security, and Sovereignty in the Republic of Georgia, by David L. Phillips (2004). • What Works in Girls’ Education: Evidence and Policies from the Developing World, by Barbara Herz and Gene B. Sperling (2004).

For additional information on Council publications and to vie w the texts available online, visit www.cfr.org. 31 New York Meetings Program W ith new dangers rapidly replacing old ones, America faces more urgent security and foreign policy challenges than it has at any time in the last decade. Informed debate about America’s proper role in the world and the security strategy needed to accompany that role was the cen- tral focus of the 2003–2004 New York Meetings Program. Homeland security, terrorism, and gripping de- Scholars, including Fouad Ajami and Ian Buruma, velopments in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the greater explored cultural and societal differences between Middle East have held the country’s attention this East and West, and Council Senior Fellow Stephen year. More than forty Council meetings were or- E. Flynn focused attention on the very real frailties ganized in these areas, and nearly half of those were in our nation’s homeland defense. devoted to the situation in Iraq. Generals Richard Policymakers from home and abroad, each with B. Myers and David H. Petraeus spoke of military a unique perspective, enable us to see events in the strategy and on-the-ground experience in Iraq. world in a more nuanced way. This year the New York Meetings Program hosted more than twenty heads of state or ministers. Among the speakers were Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Minister Saud Al- Faisal bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud; Pakistan’s Presi- dent Pervez Musharraf; Afghanistan’s President Hamid Karzai; the newly elected, American-edu- cated president of Georgia, Mikhail Saakashvili; Brazil’s leader Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva; and Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan. In ad- dition, numerous current U.S. government officials or those who have recently held key policy posi- tions were asked to contribute to discussions in their areas of expertise. Former United States Trade Representatives Carla A. Hills, Mickey Kan- tor, and Charlene Barshefsky reviewed the cur-

Martin S. Indyk, Council Senior Fellow Michael Scott Doran, and Council President Emeritus Leslie H. Gelb prepare for their debate on the future of Iraq.

32 New York Meetings Program

Homeland security, terrorism, and gripping developments in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the greater Middle East have held the country’s attention this year. rent trade agenda and prospects for a new multi- lateral trade round. The need to address significant History Makers fault lines in the nation’s intelligence apparatus was the subject of a lively discussion by former Di- Individuals who have made a unique contribution at a rectors of Central Intelligence Stansfield Turner, critical juncture in recent histor y are invited to reflect o William H. Webster, and R. James Woolsey. the larger lessons to be dra wn from their experiences in the Council’ s new Histor y Makers series. An infor mal Other speakers included Senator Hillary Rodham atmosphere encourages these prominent policymak ers Clinton (D-NY); Walter Kansteiner, assistant sec- and leaders to recount interesting or pivotal moments, retary of state for Africa; Kim Holmes, assistant and provide fi st-hand accounts of the inter play between secretary of state for international organization af- major actors. Mexico’s former Foreign Minister Jorge fairs; Christine Todd Whitman, former adminis- Castañeda, former National Security Adviser Zbigniew trator of the Environmental Protection Agency; Brzezinski, and F. W. de Klerk, South Africa’s leader and Rudolph W. Giuliani, former mayor of New during the historic dismantling of apar theid, were New York City. World Bank President James D. Wolfen- Yo rk’s fi st featured Histor y Makers. In Washington, sohn and UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan ad- members hosted President Bill Clinton’ s secretar y of dressed the issues of poverty and the future of the state, Madeleine K. Albright. Home Box Office sponso s United Nations, respectively. the series. This year the Council took a wide look at Amer- ica’s role in the world. The New York Meetings Program met that challenge through a dozen meet- ings on U.S. foreign policy and the history of the American experience. Among its guides were sev- eral of the Council’s own scholars, such as James M. Lindsay, Max Boot, and Walter Russell Mead, along with Robert E. Rubin, George Soros, Bob Woodward, and other prominent thinkers, writ- ers, and doers. Regional experts were invited to explore trends in Asia, Latin America, and Africa through two dozen specially organized panels, and Europe was the topic for a discussion led by Felix G. Rohatyn, former U.S. ambassador to France, and featuring Tony Judt of New York University, Lionel Barber of the Financial Times, and Karl Kaiser of the Ger- man Council on Foreign Relations. A number of meetings focused on the world economy, this year’s presidential campaign, and the implications of both for U.S. foreign policy. Many of the leading presidential contenders addressed Council mem- bers in New York, among them Democrats John F. F. W. de Klerk Kerry, Wesley K. Clark, Joseph I. Lieberman,

33 New York Meetings Program

Council Honorary Vice Chairman and Board Director Maurice R. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan greets Mildred H. Greenberg with then CIA Deputy Director for Operations James L. Morse at the David A. Morse Lecture, “The United Pavitt. Nations and Global Security in the 21st Century.”

Bob Graham, and Richard A. Gephardt, and in- Chernow’s biography of America’s first treasury dependent candidate Ralph Nader. secretary and founder of the Bank of New York, Tw enty authors spoke about their books on Alexander Hamilton, was featured at another pop- topics ranging from the history of Brazil, to the ular meeting. British experience in Iraq a century ago, to the life In a new initiative, the New York Meetings Pro- of Josef Stalin. The 1953 CIA-sponsored over- gram invited expert speakers to lead conversations throw of Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad with members via telephone conference calls. Mossadegh was the subject of a talk by historian These conference calls were organized to provide and New York Times reporter Stephen Kinzer. Ron current information behind the day’s headlines. As the June deadline for the transition of authority in Iraq approached, mem- bers were able to participate in one or two conference calls each week throughout May and June. Speakers included General William E. Odom, USA (Ret.), nation-building expert James F. Dobbins, and governance scholar Adeed Dawisha. In a compan- ion conference call series begun in September, Foreign Affairs editor

At a Daughters & Sons event moderated by Tom Brokaw (second from left), Charles Clover of the Financial Times, Catherine Wiesner of the International Rescue Commit- tee, and Noah Feldman of New York Univer- sity discuss their experiences in Iraq with members and their high school– and college- age children.

34 New York Meetings Program

Individuals who have made a unique contribution at a critical juncture are invited to reflect on the larger lessons to be drawn from their experiences.

James F. Hoge Jr. interviewed authors of new articles in the magazine and then moderated questions from members par- ticipating by teleconference. Among the authors speaking were Daniel L. Byman, who discussed his article “Should Hezbol- lah Be Next?,” and Daniel W. Drezner on “The Outsourcing Bogeyman.” The first New York meeting of the Council’s Book Club series, limited to twenty participants, brought members to- gether for a discussion of Michael Walzer’s Just and Unjust Wars. The evening was facilitated by their fellow member James C. Chace. Experiencing a new model for the Council, members enjoyed the salon-like setting and intimate, infor- mal exchange. The ongoing series will pick up in the fall with another selection from the foreign policy canon.

President Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan with Asia Society President Nicholas Platt (left) and Council President Richard N. Haass.

Council Classic Films This year sa w the launching of Council Classic F ilms, in which films are screened and follo ed by discussions about their relevance for contemporar y foreign policy. The fi st fil evening featured Battle of Algiers,the acclaimed chronicle of the str uggle in colonial Algeria betw een the National Liberation Front and the F rench military in the mid-1950s. The next screening , Seven Days in May,was followed by a lively member exchange led b y West Point’s Colonel Jay M. Parker. Black Hawk Down author Mark Bowden made an appearance for a con versation with Colonel P arker for the screening of the film y the same title. After the screening , Bowden talked about his experience researching and writing the book and described filming on location in Morocco

35 Washington Program T he goal of the Washington Program is to use the Council’s convening power and intellectual resources to help inform the policy debate in the nation’s capital, through interactions with Congress, the administration, and the business community. Using press briefings, small conver- sations among experts, roundtables, and Task Forces, the Washington Program is the place where policymakers turn for guidance, to test new ideas, and to engage with experts as they seek and develop policy initiatives. This year the Washington Program connected icy was built around an exaggerated version of intel- with Capitol Hill as members of the Senate recog- ligence designed to further the administration’s own nized the Council as an effective forum for their political purposes. Just one week later, Senator Jon views on Iraq. Senator Edward M. Kennedy (D-MA) Kyl (R-AZ) brought to the Council an unofficial re- kicked off what turned out to be a series of Senate buttal, identifying the many Democratic politi- speeches on Iraq when he argued that the Bush pol- cians—including presidential candidate John F. Kerry—who had argued forcefully that Sad- dam Hussein likely had weapons of mass de- struction or that he posed a threat. Kyl maintained that the U.S. action in Iraq was predicated on preventing a future war—not on an imminent threat. Senators Bob Graham (D-FL) and John McCain (R-AZ) followed, with McCain stating, “Time and time again, the world has witnessed vast brutality, done nothing, and then said, ‘never again’.” McCain then strongly advocated a sustained presence in Iraq. This spontaneous senatorial exchange was disseminated to the broader membership and the public on the Council’s website.

Margaret D. Tutwiler, U.S. undersecretary of state for public diplomacy and public affairs (right), talks with Washington Program Director Nancy E. Roman (center) and a group of Council members.

36 Washington Program

An informed Congress is essential to an effective American foreign policy, and an informed congressional staff is essential to an effective Congress.

Congress and U.S. Foreign Policy Program An informed Congress is essential to an effective American foreign policy, and an informed congres- sional staff is essential to an effective Congress. Reaching across par ty lines, the Council’s Congress and U.S. F oreign Policy Program provides a forum for senators, representatives, and their staffs to discuss major international issues in small, private settings. This year the Council increased its effor ts to cre- ate a sustained foreign policy dialogue on Capitol Hill. Through its popular congressional roundtables and a special initiative to in volve more member s of Con- gress in events, the Council strengthened its ties with Robert S. Mueller, director of the Federal Bureau of Investiga- key legislator s. The Congress and U.S. F oreign Policy tion, speaks on future challenges facing the FBI. Program, co-chaired by Thomas E. Donilon and Ken- neth M. Duberstein,was coordinated b y Nancy E. The interaction with Congress took place on a Roman and Alton Frye. The roundtable brought to- more intimate level, too, as members of Congress gether a bipar tisan, senior-level group of congres- came to the Council to participate in small discus- sional staff member s from both houses to discuss sions. Representative Jim Kolbe (R-AZ), who the top foreign policy challenges of toda y and tomor- chairs the House Appropriations Subcommittee on row. More than 120 congressional staffer s partici- Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related pated in over 15 roundtables on issues ranging from Programs, was joined by Global AIDS Coordinator Spain after the Madrid bombing to outsourcing . Randall Tobias for a small breakfast meeting with Next year brings plans to expand the program, offer- just thirteen Council members—each an expert on ing briefings for congressional delegations before th y HIV/AIDS. Kolbe sought input from these members travel overseas, developing a bank of Council exper ts for members of Congress drafting foreign policy legisla- as he was preparing to draft the bill appropriating tion, and developing small wor king groups among k ey members of Congress.

A congressional round- table on “Rethinking Governance Worldwide” with Congress and U.S. Foreign Policy Program Co-Director Alton Frye, Daniel J. Kaufman of the World Bank, and Jim Greene, legislative assis- tant to Senator Joseph R. Biden (D-DE).

37 Washington Program

At a meeting of former ambassadors to the United Nations, (left to right) Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Fred Hiatt, Thomas R. Pickering, and Richard C. Holbrooke discuss the future of the United Nations.

HIV/AIDS funding. He solicited feedback on attention to the work of Council Senior Fellow whether any elements in the appropriations bill Gene B. Sperling on girls’ education with a posed obstacles to the experts’ efforts—a perfect ex- standing-room-only crowd at a general breakfast ample of what the Washington Program hopes to this spring. Sperling compiled the many pieces of facilitate. evidence that tie girls’ education to economic ad- The Council also convened lawyers, scholars, vancement in developing countries, and Clinton and authors to address the foreign policy issues used that forum to announce her intention to moving to the fore in Washington. Undersecre- draft a bill to devote resources to girls’ education. tary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Af- Several weeks later, Sperling met at the Council fairs Margaret D. Tutwiler addressed more than with the senator’s staff and a group of education one hundred members of the Council on the experts who brainstormed about the best approach very day of her resignation. She argued passion- to such legislation. ately that the government’s current public diplo- John McLaughlin, then deputy director of cen- macy program is too much about government- tral intelligence, gave members a thoughtful, off- to-government and elite-to-elite contact and too the-record assessment of the CIA’s successes and little about contact with the person on the street. failures in the struggle to obtain and provide the Ordinary Arabs and Americans must engage more best intelligence and analysis. with one another before policy can truly advance, The Washington Program also reached out to am- she asserted. bassadors: French Ambassador Jean-David Levitte Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-NY) drew invited members to his official residence to discuss

38 Washington Program

The Washington Program connected with Capitol Hill as members of the Senate recognized the Council as an effective forum for their views on Iraq. the delicate state of U.S. relations with France, and the Council brought Spanish Ambassador Javier Ru- New Washington Director perez to Capitol Hill just following the bombings in Madrid to address senior congressional foreign pol- Nancy E. Roman took over icy aides about the impact of terrorism in Europe. as vice president and direc- In the months ahead the program will focus on tor of the W ashington Pro- building a stronger corporate community for the gram in March 2004. She oversees the management Council in Washington, where 80 of the Council’s of the Council’ s Washington 225 member companies are either headquartered office directs the highly re- or have offices. Corporate members will have new garded Washington general opportunities to brainstorm among themselves meetings program, and and with other experts on some of the nettlesome plans to focus par ticular at- foreign policy issues facing multinationals. The tention on building the Washington Program will also sponsor small dis- Council’s corporate and cussions among corporate members, members of congressional programs. Congress, and experts on China, energy, and im- Roman brings a w ealth migration—all issues of central concern to the of experience to her Coun- business community. cil role. She w as president of the G7 Group, a political consulting fi m that advises Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-NY) with Council Senior Wall Street on the eco- Fellow Gene B. Sperling at the rollout of the Council special nomic implications of politi- Nancy E. Roman report What Works in Girls’ Education. cal developments as well as legislative and regulator y policy in the G7 group of advanced industrialized nations, China, and Latin Amer- ica. She helped de velop the fi m’s business and growth strategy, overseeing client relationships with top in vest- ment institutions. Roman also spent ten year s as a jour nalist cover- ing politics, Congress, foreign policy, and economics. She was legal affair s reporter for the Washington Times before becoming that paper’ s congressional bu- reau chief. She also wor ked for se veral years as a po- litical reporter for the Fort Lauderdale News and the Sun-Sentinel. In addition, she served as press secre- tary and legislative assistant to Representative Cla y Shaw Jr. (R-FL), a member of the House W ays and Means Committee. Roman holds a BA in journalism and French from Baylor University and an MA in inter- national economics and American foreign policy from Johns Hopkins Univer sity’s Paul H. Nitze School of Ad- vanced International Studies.

39 National Program T he National Program provides an op- portunity for members outside New York and Washington to discuss pressing in- ternational issues and contribute to the Council’s work. This year the Council held more than seventy National Program sessions across the country. These roundtables, seminars, and public events featured discussions of Council fellows’ books and debates on the National Security Strategy Council Policy Initiative. This year the National Program Roundtable Series how to deal with North Korea. Northwestern Uni- focused on America’s role in the world—a crucial versity President Henry S. Bienen chaired the conversation at this point in history—through ses- Chicago Roundtable, which featured University of sions featuring the expertise of members and other Chicago’s Daniel W. Drezner on how the United community leaders in key cities such as Atlanta, States translates power into influence and action, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, Miami, San Chicago-Kent College of Law’s Henry H. Perritt Jr. Francisco, and Seattle. Chaired by Ambassador John on political trusteeships in Kosovo and Iraq, and H. Kelly, the Atlanta Roundtable featured CARE Northwestern University School of Law’s Douglass USA President and CEO Peter D. Bell on postwar re- W. Cassel Jr. on Iraq and the Geneva Conventions. construction and humanitarian response, Emory Lee Cullum, the Dallas Morning News colum- University’s Carrie R. Wickham on the prospects for nist, chaired the Dallas Roundtable for a discussion reform in the Arab and Islamic world, and former on the scope and purpose of America’s power, U.S. Ambassador to South Korea James T. Laney on featuring Southern Methodist University’s Calvin C. Jillson. The same topic en- livened the Miami Roundtable with Teledesic Chairman and CEO William A. Owens lead- ing the discussion. Chaired by Michael Nacht, the dean of the University of

Michael H. Moskow, host Lieutenant General John R. Baker, USAF, Donna M. Alvarado, and Lewis Manilow on a KC-135 tanker during a National Program trip to Scott Air Force Base, Illinois.

40 National Program

The National Conference brings together members from across the country and around the world to discuss foreign policy with leading thinkers and practitioners.

National Conference The National Conference is the premier e vent of the Na- tional Program, bringing together member s from across the country and around the wor ld to the Council’ s New Yo rk headquarters to discuss cur rent foreign policy ques- tions with fellow member s and other leading think ers and practitioners. At this year’s conference, more than 300 member s re- flected on America’s role in the world and discussed how the United States should be using its power and influ ence, with featured guests including • Congressional leaders, such as Senator Chuck Hagel (R-NE); Former high-level government officials such as for mer • Council Vice Chairman Robert E. Rubin with national mem- Treasury Secretar y Robert E. Rubin and former Presi- bers after his discussion on the U.S. and global economy. dent of the Ne w York Federal Reser ve Bank William J. McDonough; Phyllis E. Oakley as secretar y of state, Dov S. Zakheim International journalists, such as Lionel Barber of the • as secretar y of defense, Ellen Laipson as director of Financial Times, José Carreño Figueras of El Universal, central intelligence, and General John J. Sheehan, and Abderrahim Foukara of Al Jazeera; USMC (Ret.), as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff— • Congressional and political exper ts, such as Andrew provided an inside look at how an administration might Kohut, James M. Lindsay, and Norman J. Ornstein; and deal with an inter national crisis and for mulate policy • The chairs of a number of National Program round- recommendations for the president. tables— John H. Kelly from At- lanta, Daniel W. Drezner from Chicago, Lee Cullum from Dal- las, and Michael Nacht from San Francisco—who shared the view from their cities.

A mock National Security Council meeting on P akistan— featuring Arnold Kanter in the role of national security adviser ,

Chairs of National Program round- tables Daniel W. Drezner (Chicago), Michael Nacht (San Francisco), Lee Cullum (Dallas), moderator James F. Hoge Jr., and John H. Kelly (Atlanta).

41 National Program

National Program Conference Calls National Program conference calls, chaired by Council Execu- United States Militar y Academy’s Colonel Patrick Finnegan tive Vice President Michael P. Peters, are the Council’ s most on the Unifor m Code of Militar y Justice and the Gene va successful use of technolog y to connect with member s be- Conventions; former Ambassador to India Frank G. Wisner yond New York and Washington. This biw eekly interactive se- on the stunning results of this year’ s Indian elections; ries, launched in 2001, features Council fellows and other Council Senior Fellow Mahnaz Ispahani on U.S. policy tow ard thinkers and doer s addressing a foreign policy issue of im- South Asia; American Univer sity’s Robert B. Pastor on the mediate concern. crisis in Haiti; and Council Senior F ellow Gene B. Sperling on This year, national members talked with Major General the importance of gir ls’ education for economic growth and David H. Petraeus, commander of the 101st Airbor ne Divi- political stability. sion, who gave an on-the-ground repor t from Mosul, Iraq; The conference calls ha ve created a vir tual community former U.S. P ermanent Representative to the United Na- among national member s, keeping them abreast of the lat- tions Thomas R. Pickering on the next steps in Iraq; the est issues and ideas in inter national affairs.

California at Berkeley’s Goldman School of Public U.S. foreign policy and share his vision for the Policy, the San Francisco Roundtable featured New Council. York Times Pentagon correspondent Eric Schmitt Intimate foreign policy dinner seminars, featuring on Iraq and the Bush administration, Senator Di- Council senior fellows discussing their research and anne Feinstein (D-CA) on the role of foreign pol- writing, continued to form the cornerstone of the Na- icy in the 2004 presidential elections, and Scott D. tional Program. These meetings—based on a short Sagan, co-director of Stanford University’s Center paper, outline, or draft chapter written by the fellow for International Security and Cooperation, on cop- and distributed to all participants prior to the ses- ing with the proliferation of weapons of mass de- sion—provide Council fellows with valuable feedback struction around the world. for their research and writing. As part of this seminar The Seattle Roundtable explored how the world series, Adjunct Senior Fellow David G. Victor met has changed since the war in Iraq with General Barry with San Francisco members to review a draft of his R. McCaffrey, USA (Ret.), and discussed “soft Council Policy Initiative, Climate Change: Debating power” with Joseph S. Nye Jr., the dean of Harvard America’s Policy Options; Dallas members met with Se- University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. nior Fellow Isobel Coleman to review her paper on Council President Richard N. Haass met with the importance of girls’ education; Atlanta members members in a number of cities—including Atlanta, reviewed draft chapters from Senior Fellow Stephen Boston, Chicago, Dallas, London, Los Angeles, E. Flynn’s new book on homeland security, America Miami, Phoenix, and San Francisco—to discuss the Vulnerable; and Senior Fellow Walter Russell

The 2004 National Conference mock National Security Council meeting on Pakistan with Ellen Laipson, Phyllis E. Oakley, Arnold Kanter, Dov S. Zakheim, and John J. Sheehan.

42 National Program

Technology is a key element of the National Program, regularly linking members through teleconferencing, webcasting, and videoconferencing.

Helene D. Gayle, Council Senior Fellow Princeton N. Lyman, Pearl T. Robinson, and Cedric Suzman at the Africa discussion group during the 2004 National Conference.

Mead led a Los Angeles study group to review chap- M. Wales and David R. Tunnell; Seattle: Ted Van ters of his newest book, Power, Terror, Peace, and War. Dyk and Patricia Q. Stonesifer; and Silicon Valley: The National Program also joined with local for- Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall and Coit D. Blacker. eign policy organizations—such as the Chicago Technology is a key element of the National Pro- Council on Foreign Relations, the Dallas Commit- gram, regularly linking members from coast to coast tee on Foreign Relations, the Pacific Council on In- and around the world through teleconferencing, ternational Policy, the World Affairs Council of webcasting, and videoconferencing. A new series of Northern California, and the Town Hall Seattle—to teleconferenced New York and Washington general highlight newly published books by Council fel- meetings gave national members the opportunity lows, including James M. Lindsay’s America Un- to interact with international and domestic policy- bound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy; Jagdish makers such as Afghanistan’s President Hamid N. Bhagwati’s In Defense of Globalization; Edward J. Karzai, and former U.S. Trade Representatives Lincoln’s East Asian Economic Regionalism; Walter Charlene Barshefsky, Carla A. Hills, and Mickey Russell Mead’s Power, Terror, Peace, and War; and Kantor; scholars such as John Lewis Gaddis; and Elizabeth C. Economy’s The River Runs Black. 2004 presidential contenders, including Democrats As part of the Council’s new Book Club initiative John F. Kerry, Wesley K. Clark, and Richard A. designed to stimulate debate and build a greater Gephardt, and independent candidate Ralph Nader. sense of community among its membership, the None of this would be possible without the National Program organized sessions in eleven cities generous support of Council members Mimi and on Michael Walzer’s book, Just and Unjust Wars, Peter Haas. with members respectively leading and hosting the discussions—Atlanta: William J. Long; Boston: Joseph S. Nye Jr.; Chicago: Hanna Holborn Gray PACIFIC COUNCIL and Geoffrey B. Shields; Dallas: James Frank Holli- ON INTERNATIONAL POLICY field and Patricia M. Patterson; London: Bartram S. The Council’s western partner, the Pacific Council Brown and Suzanne R. Ferlic; Los Angeles: Albert on International Policy (PCIP), continues to offer Carnesale and Robert John Abernethy; Miami: Mark meetings on the West Coast. Council members are B. Rosenberg and Adrienne Arsht; San Diego: Miles offered membership in PCIP and invited to partici- Kahler and Richard N. Sinkin; San Francisco: Jane pate in its events.

43 Corporate Program T he business community is a key com- ponent of the Council. Individual members in the private sector represent over half of the New York–area membership and one-third of the total membership. In addition, more than 200 leading international companies participate as members of the Corporate Program, which engages senior executives in the activities and work of the Council. The political, economic, and security issues on offer increased benefits to companies at the new which the Council focuses have become increas- Premium and President’s Circle levels. This past ingly important to companies active in foreign year almost a hundred members—including half markets or concerned with managing global risk. of this year’s new members—are in one of the As a result, a record forty-four companies joined higher tiers. the Council this past year, up 26 percent from the Executives of member companies took part in previous year. Another measure of the Council’s more than one hundred programs—including perceived value is the enthusiastic response to the meetings, small dinners, and interactive confer- introduction of corporate membership tiers, which ence calls—on topics of particular relevance to the business and financial communi- ties. This year’s schedule in- cluded a conversation between David Tweedie, the chairman of the International Accounting Standards Board, and Robert Herz, the chairman of the Fi- nancial Accounting Standards Board; a conversation between Frits Bolkestein, the European Union’s commissioner for inter- nal market and taxation, and Representative Michael G. Oxley

Bruce Wasserstein and David W. Hele- niak with European Commissioner for Competition Policy Mario Monti.

44 Corporate Program

The issues on which the Council focuses have become increasingly important to companies active in foreign markets or concerned with managing global risk.

(R-OH), the chairman of the House Committee on private dinners with Roberto Lavagna, Argentina’s Financial Services; a special dinner with former minister of economy, and Malaysian Foreign Min- U.S. Trade Representatives Charlene Barshefsky, ister Syed Hamid Albar. In Washington, corpo- Carla A. Hills, and Mickey Kantor; and sessions rate members also took part in a special series of with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva; small embassy luncheons, whose hosts this year William J. McDonough, the chairman and CEO of included the ambassadors of Germany, Argentina, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; and Japan. Members at the Premium and Presi- World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn; Na- dent’s Circle levels also participated in breakfast tional Economic Council Director Stephen Fried- briefings with Council President Richard N. man; President of the New York Federal Reserve Haass. Bank Timothy F. Geithner; Saudi Arabia’s Foreign In the coming year the Corporate Program will Minister Saud Al-Faisal bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud; be working closely with the Washington Program and European Union Commissioner for Competi- to develop new opportunities to focus on issues of tion Policy Mario Monti. special concern to the Council’s growing corporate Corporate members were also invited to small community there.

Benefits of Corporate Membership at the President’s Circle Level • The opportunity to designate two young executives as • Invitations for company executives to attend more than “Corporate Leaders” to par ticipate in activities organ- sixty events each year in Ne w York and Washington.* ized by the Council’ s Term Member Program. • Participation in more than tw enty-five interactive conference • An annual presentation on a topic related to the calls with Council research fellows and other exper ts.* company’s business b y a member of the Council’ s • Opportunities for a select group of executives to research staff. participate in small, in-depth study groups and round- • A special in vitation for a compan y executive to par tici- tables.* pate in at least one Council-sponsored high-le vel trip • Identification of research fellows in the think tank as led by a member of the Council’ s leadership. speakers for your compan y’s board, policy committee, • Invitations to two or three small private dinner s each client, or internal meetings.* year with world leaders. • Multiple subscriptions to Foreign Affairs.* • A special in vitation to the annual dinner for the Council’ s • Access to the Council’ s exclusive cor porate website.* Board of Director s and Inter national Advisor y Board. • Access to the Council’ s state-of-the-art reference • Designation of a Council staff member to ser ve as the services and librar y (by appointment).* principal liaison to help the member compan y derive Special member rates for rental of the renowned maximum value from its member ship.* • Harold Pratt House meeting facilities.* An invitation to an exclusive annual briefing b y the • Prominent acknowledgment in Council literature.* Council’s president.* •

The President’s Circle is the highest of three cor porate membership levels. Premium membership includes those benefits marked with an asterisk. Basic membership, with more limited benefits, is reserved for smaller companies. F or more in- formation, contact Jacqui Schein, Director, Corporate Affairs, at (212) 434-9451.

45 Corporate Program

PRESIDENT’S CIRCLE The Bank of New York Metropolitan Life Insurance Xerox Corporation American International Group, Barclays Capital Company Young & Rubicam Inc. Inc. Booz, Allen & Hamilton Inc. Moody’s Investors Service BP p.l.c. Bristol-Myers Squibb Moore Capital Management LLC Citigroup Company Morgan Stanley BASIC Cognizant Technology CALYON Corporate and New York Life International, Inc. A Solutions Corporation Investment Bank Northrop Grumman AARP Drake Management LLC Caxton Corporation Corporation ABC, Inc. Exxon Mobil Corporation CDC IXIS North America, Inc. Occidental Petroleum Access Industries, Inc. GlaxoSmithKline ChevronTexaco Corporation Corporation Alleghany Corporation Guardsmark LLC The Coca-Cola Company Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton Amerada Hess Corporation Investcorp International, Inc. Continental Properties & Garrison LLP American Re Corporation Kingdon Capital Corning Incorporated Pfizer Inc. American Red Cross The McGraw-Hill Companies Credit Suisse First Boston LLC PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Apax Partners, Inc. McKinsey & Company, Inc. DaimlerChrysler Corporation Prudential Financial, Inc. Apple Core Hotels Inc. Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. Deutsche Bank AG Sandalwood Securities, Inc. Arab Banking Corporation Nike, Inc. Eni S.p.A. Shell Oil Company Archipelago Holdings, LLC VNU, Inc. Federal Express Corporation Sony Corporation of America Areva US Freddie Mac Standard & Poor’s Armor Holdings, Inc. PREMIUM General Electric Company Standard Chartered Bank Arnhold and S. Bleichroeder ACE Limited Goldman Sachs & Co. Swiss Re America Holding Holdings, LLC AEA Investors Inc. Halliburton-KBR Corporation Arnold & Porter LLP ALCOA Inc. Interpipe Inc. Time Warner Inc. Arrow Electronics, Inc. Allen & Overy LLP J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Toyota Motor North America, Artemis Advisors American Express Company Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. Inc. Avaya Inc. ARAMARK Corporation Kometal GMBH Austria UBS Investment Bank Aramco Services Company Kuwait Petroleum Corporation U.S. Chamber of Commerce B Archer Daniels Midland Lazard LLC USEC Inc. Baker & Hostetler LLP Company Lockheed Martin Corporation Verizon Communications Inc. Baker Capital Corp. AT&T Corp. Loral Space & Veronis Suhler Stevenson The Baldwin-Gottschalk Atticus Capital, LLC Communications Ltd. Vornado Realty Trust Group Baker, Nye Advisers, Inc. Mannheim LLC Wellington Management Banca di Roma Banco Mercantil Masthead Management Partners Company, LLP Banca d’Italia Banco Santander Central MeadWestvaco Corporation Wyoming Investment Banca Intesa S.p.A. Hispano, S.A. Merck & Co., Inc. Corporation Bank of America Bank One Corporation Barst & Mukamal LLP BASF Corporation BDO Seidman LLP The Blackstone Group L.P. Bloomberg L.P. BNP Paribas The Boeing Company Bombardier, Inc. Boston Properties, Inc. Bramwell Capital Management, Inc. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.

C The Chubb Corporation CIBC World Markets Corp. Cisneros Group of Companies CIT Group Inc. Claremont Capital Corporation Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton Clinton Group, Inc. The CNA Corporation ConocoPhillips Company The Consulate General of Japan Covington & Burling William J. McDonough, Ann M. Fudge, and Council Chairman Peter G. Peterson. Craig Drill Capital Corporation

46 Corporate Program

D De Beers Debevoise & Plimpton LLP Deere & Company Deloitte. Dendrite International, Inc. The William H. Donner Foundation, Inc. Dresdner Bank AG

E Ehrenkranz & Ehrenkranz LLP Eisner LLP Equinox Management Partners, L.P. Ernst & Young, LLP Estee Lauder Companies Inc.

F Jesse H. Ausubel and John Browne of BP at a Council meeting on climate change and the energy FannieMae sector. Ford Motor Company Forest Investment K P T Management LP KPMG LLP PanAmSat Corporation Thales, Inc. French-American Chamber of PepsiCo, Inc. Tiedemann Investment Group Commerce L Peter Kimmelman Asset Tishman Speyer Properties, Inc. Lehman Brothers Management LLC Torys LLP G Lucent Technologies Inc. Phillips-Van Heusen Tudor Investment Corporation Galt Industries Inc. Corporation Turkish Industrialists’ and General Maritime Corporation M Pillsbury Winthrop LLP Businessmen’s Association Genesis 10 The Map Network POSCO America Corporation Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP Mark Partners U Gotham Holdings, LP Marsh & McLennan R United Technologies Granite Associates LP Companies, Inc. Raytheon Company Grey Global Group Inc. Marubeni America Rolls-Royce North America, V Corporation Inc. Vinson & Elkins L.L.P. H Marvin & Palmer Associates, Inc. Rothschild North America, Inc. Volkswagen of America, Inc. Hitachi, Ltd. Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw The Royal Bank of Scotland H.J. Heinz Company LLP RWS Energy Services, Inc. W Houlihan Lokey Howard MBIA Insurance Corporation Warburg Pincus LLC & Zukin Medley Global Advisors S Washingtonpost.Newsweek Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & Saber Partners Interactive I McCloy LLP Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Watson Wyatt & Company IBM Corporation Mine Safety Appliances Schlumberger Limited Weber Shandwick Worldwide Idemitsu Apollo Corporation Company SG Cowen Securities Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP Intellispace, Inc. Mitsubishi International Corporation Westhill Partners Interaudi Bank Corporation Shearman & Sterling LLP Wilpon Investors LLC Intracom S.A. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP Sidley Austin Brown & Wood W. P. Stewart & Co., Inc. Invus Group Ltd. LLP N Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP Z J Nomura Research Institute Soros Fund Management Zephyr Management, LP Japan Bank for International America Southern California Edison Ziff Brothers Investments LLC Cooperation Company JETRO New York O Starwood Hotels & Resorts Johnson & Johnson The Olayan Group Worldwide Inc. Jones Day OppenheimerFunds, Inc. Sullivan & Cromwell LLP Joukowsky Family Foundation Oxford Analytica Inc. Symbol Technologies, Inc.

47 Term Member Program T he Stephen M. Kellen Term Member Program encourages promising young leaders to engage in a sustained conversa- tion on international affairs and U.S. foreign policy. The program allows younger members to interact with seasoned foreign policy veterans as well as participate in a wide variety of events designed especially for them. Each year a new class of term members, between the ages of 30 and 36, is elected to a five-year member- ship. Committees of term members in New York City, Washington, and Boston ad- vise the Council leadership and help create programs of particular interest to younger members. With more than sixty-five special events this past program year, term members en- joyed a full range of activities in New York, Washington, and Boston. Term members heard high-profile speakers, attended the an- nual Term Member Conference, and partici- pated in numerous seminars and trips. They also benefited from a series of multi-session roundtables on pressing foreign policy issues that facilitated in-depth discussions among the participants. As part of a review of the Term Member Program, term members were asked to assess their program in an online survey. They de- scribed the program in extraordinarily posi- tive terms, with 99 percent of survey respondents viewing the Term Member Pro- gram favorably. The survey was one of sev- Council President Richard N. Haass closes the annual Term Member eral studies the Term Member Subcommittee Conference with a town hall meeting. of the Chairman’s Advisory Council (CAC)

48 Term Member Program

With more than sixty-five special events this year, term members enjoyed a full range of meetings and other activities in New York, Washington, and Boston. conducted to assess the effectiveness and effi- ciency of the program and to recommend ways to Special Events and Trips strengthen it. In addition to the survey and a town hall meet- Te rm members enjoyed eight off-site tour s and high- level trips this year . Events included the exhibitions ing with Council President Richard N. Haass at the Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from annual Term Member Conference, the CAC sub- the Mediterranean to the Indus and Byzantium: Faith committee conducted several focus group sessions and Power (1261–1557) at the Metropolitan Museum with term members of varying tenures in New of Art and a tailhook landing and a catapult tak e-off York, Washington, and Boston. The results of the aboard the USS Theodore Roosevelt aircraft carrier. subcommittee’s research reinforce that it is an ex- In addition to vie wing the film Surviving Hunger at cellent program that does not need major changes, Discovery Communications, Inc., term members but could benefit from targeted enhancements. toured the United Nations after a full da y of briefing The Council will continue to rely on term by high-level UN officials and a meeting at the U.S members to help shape their program by organiz- Mission to the United Nations. T erm members also ing events, including a week-long trip to India in visited the U.S. Capitol, where their discussions early 2005. In an effort to implement the recom- focused on Congress and national security . On their mendations of the CAC subcommittee, the pro- annual trip to the U.S. Militar y Academy at West Point, term members dined with 4,000 cadets, gram will strive to better integrate first-year term received candid accounts of cur rent military opera- members into the program and all term members tions, and toured the campus. The program year into the Council’s overall activities. Serious efforts concluded with a trip to the P entagon, where term will also be made to increase the interaction be- members engaged high-ranking officials in discus tween life and term members, one of the main rec- sions on militar y transformation, the war on ter ror- ommendations coming out of the CAC review. ism, and military personnel.

IN MEMORIAM Stephen M. Kellen The Council lost one of its most dedicated friends and supporters this year. Stephen M. Kellen died in February at the age of 89. A Council member for twenty-two years, he embodied the spirit of the Council, with his keen interest in foreign affairs, his enthusiasm for informed debate on key issues, and his unending desire to learn something new. In ad- dition, through his generous gifts to underwrite the Term Member Program, he has made it possible for the Council to pass on his interests and enthusiasm to the next generation of foreign policy leaders. He will be greatly missed.

49 Term Member Program

TERM MEMBER ANNUAL GIVING

C. Spencer Abbot Keri Eisenbeis Joseph Kindall Hurd III Stewart M. Patrick The Ahn Family Foundation Michael Eisner David Wallace Irwin Brigid Myers Pavilonis Woodrow Ahn L. Brooks Entwistle Kaleil D. Isaza-Tuzman Lawrence Edward Penn III Peter Belmont Alderman Elizabeth Factor Adam R. Isles David Perez Scott Hazzard Allan Jr. David M. Fairman Mark R. Jacobson William A. Pizer Angelo I. Amador J. Rodney Faraon David P. Janes Edward L. Pulling Benjamin A. Atkins Evelyn N. Farkas Scott S. Johnson Fernande Scheid Raine Khalid Azim Elizabeth Worley Alexander S. Jutkowitz Celina B. Realuyo Erica Jean Barks-Ruggles Farman-Farmaian Eric John Kadel Jr. Kristin Denise Rechberger Timothy J. Bartlett Irina A. Faskianos Zachary Karabell Matthew R. Rees Kirsten Leigh Bartok Evan A. Feigenbaum Andrew R. Kassoy Saskia S. Reilly Francis Keith Bassolino Catherine Lynne Feingold Kira Kay James J. Richard Pamela M. Bates Daniel F. Feldman Juliette N. Kayyem Cara W. Robertson Andrea D. Begel Noah R. Feldman Peter Bicknell Kellner Jon J. Rosenwasser Michael P. Behringer Suzanne R. Ferlic Stephen D. Kiser Linda D. Rottenberg Thomas C. Beierle Anthony C. Fernandes Monica Vegas Kladakis Arthur Mark Rubin Jonathan N. Bell Maria C. Figueroa Küpçü Helaine S. Klasky Michael A. Samway Christina A. Bennett Desiree Geneva Filippone Jeff Kojac Karenna Gore Schiff Joshua A. Berger Bernard I. Finel Fred T. Krawchuk Jr. Anya A. Schmemann Jonathan E. Berman Sonya L. Finley Nisha Kumar James L. Schoff Scott D. Berrie Mercedes Carmela Fitchett Jim Alfred Landé James E. Sciutto Karan K. Bhatia Stephanie Flanders Lauren R. Landis Mark S. Seasholes Nicole M. Bibbins Sedaca William Fulbright Foote Chappell H. Lawson Andrew J. Shapiro Alyse Nelson Bloom Jason William Forrester Gordon Nathaniel Lederman Andrew L. Shapiro David A. Bloom Brian L. Frank Erik James Leklem Dorothy C. Shea Pieter James Alexander Myra M. Frazier Amanda V. Leness Soroush Richard Shehabi Boelhouwer Stephen C. Freidheim Alexander T.J. Lennon Bippy M. Siegal David William Bowker Ladeene A. Freimuth Sarah G.J. Lennon Matthew J. Slaughter Jacqueline V. Brady Mark T. Fung Marcel J. Lettre II James McCall Smith Sundaa Ayo Bridgett Joshua P. Galper Marne L. Levine Timothy D. Snyder Reuben E. Brigety II Sandra Galvis Jeremy I. Levitt Blake A. Spahn Rosa Ehrenreich Brooks Johnson Garrett Lu Li Jonathan S. Spaner C. Michael Brown Thomas B. Ginsburg Betty Wen Ssu Liu Carlos Javier Spinelli-Noseda Phoebe W. Brown Jeffrey Scott Glueck Clark B. Lombardi Nina Zinterhofer Stanford Elaine Buckberg Bruce N. Goldberger Linda S. Lourie Ryung Suh Geoffrey P. Burgess Matthew N. Goldin Marcus Mabry Patrick Moore Supanc Christopher J. Burn Stuart Gottlieb Krista M. Magras Scott L. Swid Christina Duffy Burnett Shane Green Wendy A. Maldonado Jeffrey W. Taliaferro Daniel L. Byman Lisa Greenberg David Marchick Troy S. Thomas Daniel Calingaert Alyssa A. Grikscheit Carola H. McGiffert Ramin Toloui David A. Carmel Paul C. Grove Laura A. McIntosh Ly K. Tran William David Casebeer Eugenia Katherine Guilmartin Elizabeth A. McKeon Basilios E. Tsingos Walid George Chamoun Lynn E. Haaland Amy Houpt Medearis David Randolph Tunnell Joyce Chang Nisid J. Hajari Bruce Paul Mehlman Martina E. Vandenberg Juju Chang Ted Halstead James E. Mejía Robert D. Vander Lugt Cory Charles Larry Hanauer Benjamin R. Miller Jeffrey Paul Varanini Jeffrey L. Cimbalo Evie Hantzopoulos Charles R. Miller Leslie Vinjamuri Lynette Clemetson Katherine Anderson Hardin Frank J. Mirkow Gregg Alexander Walker Elizabeth L. Colagiuri Gina Marie L. Hatheway Charlotte M. Morgan Sarah K. Walkling Laura K. Cooper Lukas Harrison Haynes Peter F. Najera Ian Kennard Walsh Timothy W. Crawford Lisa W. Heald Scott Andrew Nathan Debra L. Wasserman Monica Elizabeth Crowley Rebecca K.C. Hersman Jennifer G. Newstead Ivan S. Weissman Daniel Lester Cruise Jack D. Hidary M. Diana Helweg Newton David L. Weller Geoffrey D. Dabelko Edward T. Hightower Stephen T. Ostrowski Elisha Wiesel Jean-Christophe de Swaan Mellody Hobson Carter W. Page Margaret Douglas Williams Gregory Djerejian Auren Hoffman Matthew A. Palmer Laura Winters Douglas S. Donohue Duncan Baker Hollis Eric J. Pan Jon B. Wolfsthal Graham A. Duncan Kathleen Houlihan Michael Pan Nancy Yao Jennie M. Easterly Christopher Bernard Howard H. K. Park Stephen Jerome Yates Laura L. Efros David S. Huntington Parag Patel Jonathan L. Zittrain

50 Communications

and Lawrence H. Summers, co-chairs of the Transatlantic Relations Task Force, briefed the Washington Post ed- itorial board and a group of colum- nists and other invited journalists on their Task Force’s findings and recom- mendations. Senior Fellow Walter Russell Mead hosted luncheons in New York and Washington on his State Department–sponsored public diplomacy trip to the Middle East and

ith the war in Iraq and the U.S. presiden- tial election in the fall, media interest in WCouncil content was at an all-time high this year. More than half of all Council meetings were on the record, transcribed, and posted for public ac- cess on the Council’s website. The Council released nine books, six Task Force reports, six papers and special reports, and countless Q&A fact sheets and in- terviews by the website reporting team. While responding to a broad audience, the Communications Department also took a more targeted approach to promoting Council content New York Times Columnist William Safire, Fox News Sun- by holding briefings for top journalists. Council day Host Tony Snow, Wall Street Journal Washington Bureau Chief Gerald Seib, New York Times Columnist Thomas L. President Richard N. Haass gave background Friedman, and ABC News Political Analyst George briefings to producers and reporters at the New Stephanopoulos at the Council. York Times and ABC News in New York and the Financial Times in London. Henry A. Kissinger his new book, Power, Terror, Peace, and War. Se- nior Fellows Princeton N. Lyman and Laurie Garrett briefed a group of global health reporters on the Council Special Report on HIV/AIDS. The Communications Department also hosted a series of roundtables for journalists at the Council’s Washington office to showcase the expertise of fellows in advance of major international events.

Amity R. Shlaes of the Financial Times, David Margolick of Vanity Fair, and Jeff Greenfield of CNN at a lunch with Council Senior Fellow Walter Russell Mead.

51 Named Chairs, Fellowships, and Lectureships

NAMED CHAIRS AND FELLOWSHIPS OTHER CHAIRS AND FELLOWSHIPS Jagdish N. Bhagwati, André Meyer Senior Fellow Douglas Dillon Fellow in International Economics Philip D. Reed Chair in Science and Technology David Braunschvig, Bernard L. Schwartz Senior Nelson and David Rockefeller Chair in Inter-American Fellow for Business and Foreign Policy Studies Elizabeth C. Economy, C.V. Starr Senior Fellow Hasib J. Sabbagh Senior Fellow for the Middle East and Director of Asia Studies Cyrus Vance Fellow in Diplomatic Studies Stephen E. Flynn, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow Paul A. Volcker Chair in International Economics for National Security Studies Mary Anne Weaver, Edward R. Murrow Press SPECIAL FELLOWSHIPS Fellow NEXT GENERATION FELLOWSHIP James F. Hoge Jr., Peter G. Peterson Chair, Editor, The Next Generation Fellowship Program nurtures Foreign Affairs outstanding thinkers and writers from a variety of Roger M. Kubarych, Henry Kaufman Adjunct fields who have the potential to become foreign pol- Senior Fellow in International Economics and icy leaders. The program recruits individuals whose Finance principal mission will be frontier policy scholarship, James M. Lindsay, Vice President, Director of leading to several major published articles or a book Studies, Maurice R. Greenberg Chair during the fellowship tenure. Most Next Generation Princeton N. Lyman, Ralph Bunche Senior Fellow Fellows (NGFs) are in residence for two or three for Africa Policy Studies years. Each year, one NGF who combines a keen understanding of economics with his or her cutting- Walter Russell Mead, Henry A. Kissinger Senior edge policy research is named the Dillon Fellow, in Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy honor of former Council Vice Chairman Douglas William L. Nash, General John W. Vessey Senior Dillon. Fellow for Conflict Prevention and Director of the Center for Preventive Action INTELLIGENCE FELLOWSHIP Adam Segal, Maurice R. Greenberg Senior Fellow This fellowship provides an opportunity for an in China Studies outstanding person from the U.S. intelligence community on the cusp of a senior position to Stephen R. Sestanovich, George F. Kennan Senior expand his or her knowledge of international rela- Fellow for Russian and Eurasian Studies tions through study, research and reflection, Ronald Steel, Whitney H. Shepardson Senior extensive participation in the Council’s program Fellow of meetings and study groups, and interaction Benn Steil, André Meyer Senior Fellow in Inter- with the Council’s diverse and knowledgeable national Economics members.

52 named chairs, fellowships, and lectureships

MILITARY FELLOWSHIPS C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series, Interna- Each year the chief of staff of each military service tional Economics nominates an outstanding candidate for a military Thomas J. Watson Meetings Program, International fellowship. The fellowships enable officers to Relations broaden their understanding of international affairs and U.S. foreign policy by spending a year in resi- LECTURESHIPS dence at the Council. Fellows participate in Coun- THE ARTHUR C. HELTON MEMORIAL LECTURE cil programs, including Task Forces, engage in The Arthur C. Helton Memorial Lecture was estab- research, and arrange several politico-military trips lished this year by the Council and the family of for Council members. Council Senior Fellow Arthur C. Helton, who died in EDWARD R. MURROW FELLOWSHIP the August 19, 2003, bombing of the UN headquar- The Council offers a resident fellowship for a cor- ters in Baghdad. The Arthur C. Helton Memorial Lec- respondent, editor, or producer involved with ture will be an annual event at which one or more international news. Named in honor of Edward R. speakers will address pressing issues in the broad Murrow and funded by the CBS Foundation, the field of human rights and humanitarian concerns. fellowship offers a nine-month period for sustained THE JOHN B. HURFORD MEMORIAL LECTURE study and writing, free from the pressures that The John B. Hurford Memorial Lecture was inau- characterize journalistic life. gurated in 2002 in memory of John B. Hurford, a WHITNEY H. SHEPARDSON FELLOWSHIP devoted member of the Council on Foreign Rela- The Shepardson Fellowship is periodically awarded tions. This series features individuals who repre- to persons with recognized professional stature in sent critical new thinking in international affairs public or academic affairs related to international and foreign policy. This year John Mueller, a pro- relations. A Shepardson fellow is expected to spend fessor of political science at Ohio State University, about a year affiliated with the Council, participat- and Max Boot, the Council’s Olin senior fellow, ing in Council programs while working on a book national security studies, spoke on “America’s Role or other significant publication on a major foreign in the World.” policy issue. THE RUSSELL C. LEFFINGWELL LECTURE CYRUS VANCE FELLOWSHIP IN DIPLOMATIC STUDIES The Leffingwell Lecture, inaugurated in 1969, was The Vance Fellowship is offered to a Foreign Ser- named for a charter member of the Council who vice Officer chosen by a selection committee from served as its president from 1944 to 1946 and as its candidates nominated by the U.S. Department of chairman from 1946 to 1953. This lecture is given by State. With time away from the day-to-day pres- a distinguished foreign official, who is invited to sures of diplomatic life, the Vance fellow spends address Council members on a topic of major inter- about a year affiliated with the Council, reflecting national significance. The lectures are made possible on issues of foreign policy and participating in through the generosity of the Leffingwell family and Council programs. the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company. The Leffing- well Lecture this year featured President Mikhail ENDOWED AND SPECIALLY FUNDED PROGRAMS Saakashvili of Georgia. Pieter A. Fisher Program, International Relations THE DAVID A. MORSE LECTURE Gulf Program, Middle East The David A. Morse Lecture was inaugurated in 1994 W. Averell Harriman Program, Europe and supports an annual meeting and dinner with a Winston Lord Program, Asia distinguished speaker. It honors the memory of John J. McCloy Program, International Relations David A. Morse, an active Council member for nearly

53 named chairs, fellowships, and lectureships

thirty years, a lawyer, a public servant, and an inter- funded by Bernard L. Schwartz, the chairman and nationalist. Lecturers are invited to focus on one of CEO of Loral Space and Communications. The Morse’s many concerns, which included North-South series focuses on two areas: the evolution of the rela- relations, human rights, international organizations tionship between business and government in the and labor, conflict resolution, and relations with Asia. making of foreign policy, and ways for government The lecture program is funded by gifts from Council to make better use of business in solving foreign members and friends of the Morse family. This year, policy problems and for business to become more UN Secretary General Kofi Annan focused on the UN engaged in the making of foreign policy. Thomas L. and global security in the twenty-first century. Friedman of the New York Times presided this year when Jagdish N. Bhagwati, the Council’s André THE DAVID ROCKEFELLER LECTURE Meyer senior fellow in international economics, dis- The David Rockefeller Lecture was endowed by the cussed his highly acclaimed book, In Defense of Rockefeller Foundation in 1985 for an annual African Globalization. lecturer from either the governmental or the non- governmental sector. President Joaquim Chissano of THE SORENSEN DISTINGUISHED LECTURE Mozambique spoke this year. ON THE UNITED NATIONS The Sorensen Distinguished Lecture on the United THE ELIHU ROOT LECTURE Nations was established in 1996 by Theodore C. The Elihu Root Lecture was inaugurated in 1958 to Sorensen to honor his wife, Gillian Martin Sorensen, honor a founder of the Council on Foreign Rela- and to commemorate her years of service to the tions who served as its honorary president from United Nations. This year the Sorensen lecture— 1921 to 1937. This lecture brings a distinguished given by speakers intimately involved with the American to the Council to reflect on his or her workings and issues of the United Nations—was professional experience and how it applies to the titled “Why Bother with Diplomacy?” and featured making of contemporary American foreign policy. Sir Kieran Prendergast, the UN undersecretary- This year, the Root Lecture featured General general for political affairs. Richard B. Myers, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. THE JOHN TRAIN LECTURE The John Train Lecture and dinner was established THE RUSSIA AND RUSSIAN-AMERICAN in 1997. Funded by Council member John Train, RELATIONS LECTURE the series focuses on new issues in military affairs This lecture was endowed in 2003 by the Alfa Bank and the future of the U.S. military. to help establish a more secure footing for Russian- American relations. THE PAUL C. WARNKE LECTURE The Paul C. Warnke Lecture, endowed by a number THE BERNARD L. SCHWARTZ LECTURE of Council members, family, and friends, commem- ON BUSINESS AND FOREIGN POLICY orates Warnke’s legacy of courageous service to the This lecture series was established in 2002 and is nation and international peace.

54 International Affairs Fellowship Program

he International Affairs Fellowship Program James A. Gavrilis, U.S. Army, “Understanding is designed to advance the professional devel- Counterinsurgency in the Middle East: An Iraqi Topment of outstanding Americans between Case Study” the ages of 27 and 35. The fellowships seek to bridge Colin H. Kahl, University of Minnesota, “Civilian the gap between thought and action in foreign policy Casualties and America’s New Wars” by supporting both a variety of policy studies and Stephanie Kleine-Ahlbrandt, Office of the UN High active exposure to policymaking. The distinctive Commissioner for Human Rights, “Taming the character of the program lies in the contrasting expe- Dragon: U.S. Assistance to the Rule of Law and riences it provides at the juncture of policy research Human Rights in China” and policy formulation. Thus, it encourages academ- Kristin M. Lord, Elliott School of International ics and others from the private sector to serve in a Affairs, George Washington University, “Rethink- policy-oriented environment through operational ing Public Diplomacy” experience in public service. Conversely, it permits government officials on leave to study key issues in a Layna Mosley, University of North Carolina, “Reg- scholarly atmosphere free from operational pressure. ulating International Finance: The Use and Util- The International Affairs Fellowship in Japan, ity of Private-Public Models” sponsored by Hitachi, Ltd., enables participants to Saskia S. Reilly, U.S. Mission to the United Nations, expand their intellectual and professional horizons “The United States and the European Union at by working and living in Japan. Fellowships are the United Nations: Dealing with a Strength- intended for American citizens between the ages of ened EU to More Effectively Advance U.S. 27 and 45. The program seeks to cultivate American Interests” understanding of Japan and to strengthen communi- R. Michael Schiffer,† Office of U.S. Senator Dianne cation between emerging leaders of the two nations. Feinstein, “Reexamining the Japanese Strategic The Council organizes an annual conference in Consensus” New York featuring the current fellows. John Marshall Turner, McKinsey & Company, 2004–2005 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Saudi Arabia, “Unearthing the Root Causes of FELLOWS the Coming Economic Crisis and Assessing the Jennifer A. Amyx,* University of Pennsylvania, Potential Impact on U.S. Foreign Policy in the “The Political Economy of Regional Financial Middle East” and Energy Cooperation in East Asia” Matthew C. Waxman, U.S. Department of Defense, Russell C. Crandall, Davidson College, “Redefin- “U.S. Capabilities and Strategies to Restore the ing U.S. Security Policy in the Andes” Rule of Law in Failed and Post-Conflict States”

* Dual International Affairs and Hitachi Fellow † International Affairs Fellow in Japan, sponsored by Hitachi, Ltd.

55 Development

ew and ongoing gifts and grants from indi- ship efforts in helping to build the Annual Fund. In viduals, foundations, and corporations con- fiscal year 2004, 1,743 members (approximately 42 tributed to the financial strength of the percent of the membership) gave a record-breaking N $3,720,300. Of them, 60 members increased their Council and enabled it to expand key programming and launch new initiatives. The Council extends its gifts through corporate or foundation matching gift sincere appreciation to all the donors and volunteers programs. The Harold Pratt Associates, who give whose support made this possible. $10,000 or more each year, increased to 180 mem- bers, 45 of whom gave at the $25,000+ Chairman’s THE ANNUAL FUND Circle level. Each year members contribute to annual giving, Forty-four percent of term members participated over and above membership dues. The unrestricted in the Annual Fund this year. Many term members dollars from annual giving provide a critical piece of volunteered in the fundraising effort either by writing the Council’s overall funding, helping to support to their colleagues or making follow-up calls. A spe- key programming and annual operating expenses. cial listing of the term members who contributed this The Council is grateful to Richard E. Salomon, year appears on page 50. All donors to the Annual Development Committee chairman, for his leader- Fund are listed on pages 59–64.

The 1921 Society—Strengthening the Council f or the Future The Council has launched a for mal bequest ernize its ph ysical plant to k eep pace with the program to help sustain the Council’ s mission Council’s growth, and reap the benefits o and to ensure the Council’ s permanence, new technologies. independence, and excellence for the future. The 1921 Society (commemorating the Council members have the oppor tunity to year the Council w as founded) has been help strengthen the institution for the long established to honor and acknowledge those run by remembering the Council in their will or who have made the future vitality of the Coun- through another for m of legacy, such as a cil an impor tant part of their legacy . Individu- charitable lead tr ust, a charitable remainder tr ust, or a life als who confi m in writing that the y have included the insurance policy or other asset naming the Council as a Council in their will or as a beneficia y in any other dispo- beneficia y. Bequests and other testamentar y contribu- sition of assets will be enrolled in the 1921 Society . tions are vital to the Council’ s ability to build its meetings For more infor mation, contact Betty Kurdys, Director, programs, enrich its Studies Program, expand and mod- Annual and Planned Giving , at (212) 434-9462.

56 DEVELOPMENT

HELTON MEMORIAL LECTURE FUND Henry A. Grunwald Nadine Strossen and Eli M. Noam DONORS Richard N. Haass Gligor A. Tashkovich Enid H. Adler Jack and Sheron Habif Amina Tirana American Bar Association Christine and John Hand Toffler Associates Inc. Carole L. Basri Vilia B. Hayes Mirell Walden Betty J. Brandt Donald F Heisel Pauline Weaver Carol Camper and John Hartje Marjorie Helton Joanna Weschler Claire Carcich Mahnaz Ispahani Aristide R. Zolberg Steve Charnovitz Francis J. James STEPHEN M. KELLEN TERM MEMBER Isobel Coleman Ann Zwicker Kerr PROGRAM Lee Cullum Joanne Kim Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Lori Fisler Damrosch James B. KobakJr. Foundation Michael I. Davis Lawrence J. Korb De Brauw Blackstone Pamela and James Krause NATIONAL PROGRAM Westbroek PC. Ellen Yost Lafili Mimi and Peter Haas Ralston H. Deffenbaugh Jr. Barbara and Jules Lang Alfred Rees Derwart Princeton N. Lyman ARTHUR ROSS BOOK AWARD Nicholas DiMarzio Mary E. McClymont Arthur Ross Foundation The Domestic & Foreign Mission­ Sheila Avrin McLean ary Society of the Protestant Janice L. Murray NEW YORK AND WASHINGTON MEETINGS PROGRAMS Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. Susan E. Patricof The Coca-Cola Company Claudia Dreifus Michael P. Peters Home Box Office Catherine Dumait-Harper David L. Phillips Theodore C. Sorensen Elizabeth C. Economy Llewelyn G. Pritchard Christian C. Yegen Terry Eder-Kaufman Thomas L. Pulling Amanda C. Edwards The Reed Foundation KEY INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM Irina A. Faskianos Virginia M. Russell German Marshall Fund of the Jean and Marc Firestone Alan F Schoen United States Christine and Michael Gilbert Mary Anne Schwalbe Jacqueline D. Gilbert Nina R. Schwalbe THE NEXT GENERATION FELLOWS Scott T. Gilbert Sheldon J. Segal PROGRAM Philip Gourevitch Muriel E Siebert The John D. and Catherine T. Marc Ian Gross and Richard A. Stainsby MacArthur Foundation Susan Ochshorn Carol A. Stevenson John M. Olin Foundation

The 1921 Society—Strengthening the Council for the Future The Council has launched a formal bequest ernize its physical plant to keep pace with the program to help sustain the Council's mission Council's growth, and reap the benefits of and to ensure the Council's permanence, The new technologies. independence, and excellence for the future. tgii The 1921 Society (commemorating the Council members have the opportunity to year the Council was founded) has been help strengthen the institution for the long ^ociety established to honor and acknowledge those run by remembering the Council in their will or who have made the future vitality of the Coun­ through another form of legacy, such as a cil an important part of their legacy. Individu­ charitable lead trust, a charitable remainder trust, or a life als who confirm in writing that they have included the insurance policy or other asset naming the Council as a Council in their will or as a beneficiary in any other dispo­ beneficiary. Bequests and other testamentary contribu­ sition of assets will be enrolled in the 1921 Society. tions are vital to the Council's ability to build its meetings For more information, contact Betty Kurdys, Director, programs, enrich its Studies Program, expand and mod- Annual and Planned Giving, at (212) 434-9462.

57 DEVELOPMENT

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY PROGRAMS Guardsmark, LLC Barbara Koz-Paley Carnegie Corporation of New York Leonard and Evelyn Lauder Mildred Robbins Leet Foundation Edith Langner STUDIES PROJECTS Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. ArlineJ. Lederman Henry H. Arnhold Open Society Institute Jean M. Martin The Lynde and Harry Bradley Peter G. Peterson Janet A. McKinley Foundation Rockefeller Brothers Fund Agnes Metzger Carnegie Corporation of New York Arthur Ross Foundation Sandra R. Meyer Ronnie C. Chan The Starr Foundation Susan E. Patricof Robert J. Chaves Tishman Speyer Properties Marnie S. Pillsbury Kimball C. Chen United Nations Foundation Leslie Roberts Citigroup Inc. Malcolm Hewitt Wiener Deborah E Stiles DeBeers Foundation Barbara Alden Taylor Department for International United States Institute of Peace Development, United Kingdom U.S./MIDDLE EAST PROJECT Exxon Mobil Corporation Fouad M.T. Alghanim OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS AND Mark Fisch BP CHAIRS Ford Foundation Lester Crown and the Arie and William A.M. Burden Charitable Freedom Forum Ida Crown Memorial Lead Trust Victor K. Fung Eni S.p.A. Hodding Carter III and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation European Commission Patricia Murphy Derian The William and Flora Hewlett Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. ChevronTexaco Corporation Foundation Hamza Al-Kholi Susan M.N. Crudgington and Frank W. Hoch Nemir A. Kirdar William G. McElwain Japan Atomic Industrial Forum Robert K. Lifton Theodore M. Hesburgh Japan External Trade Organization Yosef A. Maiman Richard C. Holbrooke Korea Foundation Fouad Makhzoumi and the Future The Hurford Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. Millennium Foundation Estate of Henrietta E.S. Lockwood MacArthur Foundation Munib R. Masri Vincent A. Mai Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway Robert S. McNamara Pearl Family Fund Pepsi-Cola International Lawrence C. McQuade The Pew Forum on Religion Louis Perlmutter Margaret Osmer-McQuade and Public Life Robert L. Rosen Peter G. Peterson The Randolph Foundation Mohammed Jassem Al-Sager Janet C. Rosenberg David B. Rivkin Jr. The Richard Salomon Family WOMEN AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY Shell International Ltd. Foundatoin Alfred P Sloan Foundation Kathleen Allaire Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP Smith Richardson Foundation Jewelle Bickford Richard C. Steadman The Starr Foundation Lucy Billingsley The Tinker Foundation Inc. Elizabeth R. Bramwell OTHER SPECIAL GIFTS C. C. Tung Katherine Brown Citigroup Foundation Woodcock Foundation Carolyn Carter The Dana Foundation Elizabeth L. Colton The Dillon Fund TASK FORCES AND COUNCIL POLICY Martha L. Dinerstein Nicholas Eberstadt INITIATIVES Ford Foundation Hitachi, Ltd. Anonymous Lola Nashashibi Grace The Fletcher Jones Foundation Rohit M. Desai Jean Minskoff Grant Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Eni S.p.A. Paula K. Hawkins Foundation Mathea Falco Marlene Hess Leon Lowenstein Foundation Fondation pour la Science et la Diane Jacobsen Morgan Stanley Culture Lou Anne Jensen PaineWebber Foundation Ford Foundation Susan Jonas Peter G. Peterson Fundacion Juan March Ann F Kaplan The Starr Foundation German Marshall Fund of the Susan Klein State of Qatar United States

58 DEVELOPMENT

ANNUAL GIVING DONORS

CHAIRMAN'S CIRCLE Joe L. Allbritton Gilbert Kaplan Anthony P Terracciano Jan Nicholson ($25,000+) Altman/Kazickas Farooq Kathwari G. Richard Thoman James W Owens Anonymous Foundation Robert J. Katz Andrew Herbert Tisch Louis Perlmutter Robert John Abernethy Henry H. Arnhold Charles R. Kaye Preston Robert Tisch Anne B. Popkin Paul A. Allaire Elizabeth Frawley Stephen M. Kellen Richard Allen Voell Charles O. Prince III Stanley S. Arkin Bagley Peter Bicknell Kellner Paul A. Volcker William R. Rhodes Jeffrey Bewkes Laurence M. Band Orin S. Kramer Robert C. Waggoner Nicholas Rockefeller Leon D. Black Alan R. Batkin John A. Levin Elizabeth G. Weymouth Henry B. Schacht Christopher W. Brody Robert A. Belfer Michael Stuart Levin John C. Whitehead Theodore C. Sorensen Patrick M. Byrne Robert H. Benmosche Sherman R. Lewis Jr. Anita Volz Wien Gordon C. Stewart Jeffrey Epstein Austin M. Beutner Vincent A. Mai James D. Wolfensohn Scott L. Swid Bart Friedman Kenneth J. Bialkin Richard Mallery I. Peter Wolff LeeB. Thomas Jr. Barbara Goldsmith John H. Biggs Tom E Marsh Guy Patrick John L. Weinberg Glenn H. Greenberg John E Birkelund Edward J. Mathias Wyser-Pratte Frederick B. and Linda J. Vester Edward Bleier William J. McDonough George H. Young III Whittemore Maurice R. Greenberg Denis A. Bovin Carl B. Menges William D. Zabel William J. Williams Jr. The Mark Haas James E. Burke John E. Merow Paula A. Zahn Ward W Woods Foundation Robert Carswell Willem Mesdag Ezra K. Zilkha Jacob J. Worenklein Mimi and Peter Haas Frank J. Caufield Robert Millard James D. Zirin Nancy Young Charles A. Heimboldjr. Anne Cox Chambers Ken Miller J. Tomilson Hill Jonathan A. Chanis James Mossman PATRONS SPONSORS Robert Wood JohnsonJr. Robert J. Chaves Rupert Murdoch ($5,000-$9,999) ($l,000-$4,999) Charitable Trust Howard E. Cox Jr. Hassan Nemazee Anonymous Anonymous (3) Henry Kaufman Lester Crown Ronald L. and The Ahn Family Wilder K. Abbott Henry R. Kravis Jack David Jane T. Olson Foundation A. Robert Abboud Leonard A. Lauder Kim Gordon Davis Open Society Institute Woodrow Ahn M. Bernard Aidinoff Ira A. Lipman Lynn Forester de Karen Elizabeth Mario L. Baeza Madeleine Albright Donald B. Marron Rothschild Parker Feld Nicholas Burns Binkley Margo N. Alexander Raymond Donald James Dimon Alan Joel Patricof Kenneth D. Brody Graham T. Allison Nasher William H. Donaldson Frank H. Pearl Mark M. Collins Jr. M. Michael Ansour Richard D. Parsons Robin Chandler Duke Joseph R. Perella Henry Cornell Michael H. Armacost Peter G. Peterson Charles William Robert Price George Crile III C. Michael Armstrong Lionel I. Pincus Duncan Jr. Pritzker Foundation W. Bowman Cutter Khalid Azim Lester Pollack John Lindner Eastman Thomas L. Pulling William M. Daley Carter E Bales Frank E. Richardson Blair Effron Steven L. Rattner and James R Dougherty William G. Bardel Ripplewood Mallory and Maureen White Kenneth M. Duberstein Thomas Corcoran Barry Foundation, Inc. Elizabeth Factor Stephen Robert Peggy Dulany Richard I. Beattie David Rockefeller Richard N. Foster John J. Roberts Richard Elden Gregory R. Bedrosian Felix G. Rohatyn Stephen C. Freidheim Theodore Roosevelt IV L. Brooks Entwistle Lucy Wilson Benson Robert Rosenkranz RichardS. Fuld Jr. Daniel Rose Robert E Erburu Bruce D. Berkowitz E.John Rosenwaldjr. Gail Furman Elihu Rose Alan H. Fleischmann Robert L. Bernstein Arthur Ross Richard L. Gelb Marshall Rose PaulB. Ford Jr. Simon Michael Bessie Robert E. Rubin Michael E. Gellert John T. Ryan III Paul J. Fribourg Henry S. Bienen Richard E. Salomon Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Peter M. Sacerdote Harrison J. Goldin James Henry Binger James Baker Sitrick Peter M. Gottsegen Douglas E. Schoen Jeffrey A. Goldstein Cathleen E Black Jerry I. Speyer Michael D. Granoff Michael Peter Schulhof Roy M. Goodman Shirley Temple Black The Starr Foundation Jeffrey W Greenberg James J. Shinn Albert H. Gordon Richard C. Blum Kenneth I. Starr Martin J. Gross Walter V Shipley Theresa A. Havell W. Michael Blumenthal Stephen J. Treadway Agnes Gund Bippy M. Siegal Melvin L. Heineman John A. Bohn Enzo Viscusi Sidney Harman William D. Siegel Richard C. Holbrooke J. Dennis Bonney Stanley A. Weiss James A. Harmon Alan M. Silberstein Robert D. Hormats Nicholas E Brady Malcolm Hewitt Wiener Jane D. Hartley Matthew R. Simmons Nancy A. Jarvis Andrew E Brimmer Andrew R. Kassoy Tom Brokaw Foundation John G. Heimann Peter J. Solomon Roger C. Kline Edgar M. Bronfman Mortimer B. Zuckerman Heinz Family Maurice Sonnenberg Richard M. Krasno Harold Brown Philanthropies Paul Soros Harvey Krueger Katherine A. Brown HAROLD PRATT Carla A. Hills Joan E. Spero Philip C. Lauinger Jr. Richard R Brown Jr. ASSOCIATES Frank W Hoch David F Stein Troland S. Link David S. Browning ($10,000-$24,999) Ta-Lin Hsu Walter P Stern Kenneth Lipper Richard R. Burt Anonymous Robert J. Hurst Seymour Sternberg David R. Malpass Philip Caldwell Keith W. Abell Yves-Andre Istel Deborah F Stiles Patricia Ann McFate Juan Carlos Cappello Odeh E Aburdene Morton L. Janklow Howard Stringer Marc B. Nathanson James H. Carter Allen R. Adler Alan Kent Jones Stephen Claar Swid

59 DEVELOPMENT

Elliot R. Cattarulla Cyrus E Freidheim Merit E. Janow Raffiq A. Nathoo Benno Schmidt Jr. Henry E. Catto Peter H.B. Frelinghuysen Robert D.Joffe Jeffrey C. Neal Arthur Schneier Joyce Chang Richard A. Freytag Thomas S. Johnson Nancy S. Newcomb Brian T. Schreiber Juju Chang Fredrica S. Friedman Wyatt Thomas Johnson Edward N. Ney Stephen A. Schwarzman Warren Christopher Stephen J. Friedman Thomas V Jones Rodney W Nichols Timothy R. Scully Abby Joseph Cohen William H. Frist Thomas W Jones A. Kenneth Nilsson George E Shultz Jerome Alan Cohen David Fromkin Peter Martin Joost Lucio A. Noto David R. Slade Jonathan E. Colby Ann M. Fudge Vernon E. Jordan Jr. Morris W Offit Jean Kennedy Smith Isobel Coleman Kathryn S. Fuller Helene L. Kaplan Merle Aiko Okawara Dorothy Meadow Sobol William T. Coleman Jr. Richard M. Furlaud Scott Bancroft Kapnick John E. Osborn H. Marshall Sonenshine Philip E. Comstockjr. Orit B. Gadiesh Paul X. Kelley Stephen A. Oxman Scott M. Spangler Jill M. Considine James R. Gaines Alfred F Kelly Jr. Carter W Page Helena Stalson Mary S. Cross Sergio J. Galvis Arthur L. Kelly Bruce Lawrence Paisner Elliot Stein Daniel Lester Cruise Claire L. Gaudiani Donald M. Kendall Victor H. Palmieri Joshua L. Steiner Lee Cullum Leslie H. Gelb Robert M. Kimmitt Stewart J. Paperin David J. Stern Christine M. Cumming Peter Andrew JeaneJ. Kirkpatrick Scott E. Pardee Paula Stern Nelson W Cunningham Georgescu Henry A. Kissinger Howard G. Paster James W Stevens Walter J.E Curleyjr. David Ginsburg Jeff Kojac Ernest T. Patrikis Brandon W Sweitzer Lloyd N. Cutler Peter Gleysteen Thomas F Kranz Patricia M. Patterson Paul Tagliabue Kenneth W Dam Frederick W Gluck Geraldine S. Kunstadter Norman Pearlstine Harold Tanner Marcia Wachs Dam Frank A. Godchaux III Brett B. Lambert Lawrence Edward Maurice Tempelsman William H. Danforth Richard K. Goeltz Kenneth H.M. Leet Penn HI Louisa Thoron D. Ronald Daniel William T. Golden Mildred Robbins Leet David Perez Audrey Ronning Ralph Parsons Davidson Guido Goldman John W Leslie Jr. Leon K. Pfeiffer Topping Kathryn W Davis Jamie S. Gorelick W Walker Lewis David L. Phillips Seymour Topping Joseph Deegan Day Thomas Graham Jr. Glen S. Lewy Harvey Picker Ly K. Tran Drew Saunders Days III Arthur N. Greenberg John H. Lichtblau Thomas R. Pickering Mark C. Treanor George de Menil Lisa Greenberg Nancy A. Lieberman Charles M. Pigott William J. vanden Lois Pattison de Menil Henry A. Grunwald John R Lipsky Charles J. Pilliod Jr. Heuvel Eli Whitney Debevoise II Andrew S. Gundlach Oivind Lorentzen III Marnie S. Pillsbury Jeffrey Paul Varanini Barbara Knowles Debs John H. Gutfreund William Lucy Nicholas Piatt Peter H. Vermilye Richard A. Debs John H.J. Guth James T. Lynn Sheila Maynard Piatt John W Vessey Robert E. Denham Richard N. Haass Gary E. MacDougal Jonathan Plutzik Edward H. Vick Kenneth T. Derr Nina L. Hachigian John W Madigan Daniel Bruce Poneman Alberto Vitale Robert L. Dilenschneider Joseph A. Hafner Jr. Margaret E. Mahoney Susan Kaufman Purcell David J. Vitale Diana Lady Dougan Lewis Manilow Kathryn Walt Hall Lucian W Pye Stephen R. Volk William H. Draper III David I. Margolis Claus M. Halle Leonard V Quigley Marshall I. Waisjr. RayN. Drydenjr. Roman Martinez IV Edward K. Hamilton Alan H. Rappaport John L. Walker Althea L. Duersten Carlton A. Masters Scott M. Hand Richard Ravitch Barbara Walters Joseph D. Duffey Jay Mazur Edward J. Hardin Kristin Denise Debra L. Wasserman Patrick Andrew Barry R. McCaffrey Deborah A. Harding Rechberger Bruce Wasserstein Cappy R. McGarr Dunigan William B. Harrison Jr. Milbrey Rennie Frank A. Weil Donald E McHenry Jessica E Einhorn William Alan Haseltine Stanley R. Resor Jasper A. Welch Jr. Robert B. McKeon Robert J. Einhorn Rita E. Hauser Donald S. Rice David L. Westin Thomas E McLarty III Inger McCabe Elliott Lukas Harrison Haynes Joseph A. Rice Anne Wexler Dana G. Mead Osborn Elliott Benjamin W. James J. Richard Mary Jo White E. Scott Mead Jonathan Foster Fanton Heinemanjr. Robert S. Rifkind Marina VN. Whitman Walter Russell Mead Elizabeth Worley David W Heleniak Michael L. Riordan Robert E. Wilhelm Roberto G. Mendoza John M. Hennessy Farman-Farmaian Zoltan Merszei Charles S. Robb Thomas Lloyd John B. Hess Martin S. Feldstein Ricardo A. Mestres Jr. Joseph E. Robert Jr. Wilkerson Mellody Hobson James L. Ferguson Edward C. Meyer James D. Robinson III Edwin D. Williamson James R. Houghton Suzanne R. Ferlic Daniel R. Mintz Jeffrey Allen Rosen Don M. Wilson III Karen Elliott House Jose W Fernandez George J. Mitchell Robert L. Rosen Herbert S. Winokur Jr. Roy M. Huffington Geraldine A. Ferraro Patricia E. Mitchell Patricia L. Rosenfield Milton A. Wolf Timothy A. Hultquist Antonio Luis Ferre John J. Moore Jr. A. M. Rosenthal Judy C. Woodruff Patricia Skinner Hart Fessenden Richard M. Moose Gary N. Ross William H. Wright 11 Bertram H. Fields Huntington Edward L. Morse Charles 0. Rossotti Andrew Young Francis A. Finelli Philip M. Huyck David H. Mortimer Warren B. Rudman Frank G. Zarb Stanley Fischer Joel Z. Hyatt Michael H. Moskow Arthur E Ryan Brian R. Zipp Julie Ann Fisher Allen I. Hyman Craig James Mundie Barry A. Sanders Pamela Flaherty Alberto Ibargiien Winthrop R. Munyan Frank Savage DONORS Peter Flaherty Maxine Isaacs EwellE. Murphy Jr. Diane Sawyer ($500-$999) Joseph H. Flom Mahnaz Ispahani Thomas S. Murphy Theodore H. Schell Morton I. Abramowitz William Emery Franklin John E. Jacob Thomas Schick Fouad Ajami

60 DEVELOPMENT

Lew Allen Jr. Charles C. Foster Winston Lord Herbert S. Schlosser Richard C. Allison Craig B. Anderson Harry L. Freeman James G. Lowenstein Brent Scowcroft Michael A. Almond Paul E Anderson Michael B.G. Froman Monica C. Lozano Frederick C. Seibold Jr. Jose E. Alvarez H. Brandt Ayers Alton Frye Bruce K. MacLaury Donna E. Shalala Angelo I. Amador Leslie E. Bains Pamela B. Gann John Dewitt Macomber Eleanor B. Sheldon Harold W Andersen Charles E Baird Richard N. Gardner Michael Mandelbaum George H. Shenk Lisa Anderson Carol Baldwin Moody Philomene A. Gates Murrey Marder Alan R. Sheriff Nancy A. Aossey Michael R Behringer Helene D. Gayle Leonard H. Marks Benjamin B. Sherwood Tomas A. Arciniega Christina A. Bennett Burton L. Gerber Andrew W. Marshall C.J.Silas Anne L. Armstrong Joshua A. Berger David R. Gergen William B. Matteson Ron Silver Lloyd Armstrong Jr. Marilyn Berger Jeffrey Scott Glueck Michael M. May Richard N. Sinkin Jonathan David John E. Berndt Charles N. Goldman Alonzo L. McDonald Anne-Marie Slaughter Aronson Susan Vail Berresford Lincoln Gordon Elizabeth A. McKeon Patricia T. Smalley Carole Artigiani Peter J. Beshar Victor Gotbaum Eric D.K. Melby Richard M. Smith Diego C. Asencio George C. Biddle Henry Franklin Graff John R. Menke Jed C. Snyder Benjamin A. Atkins Robert Jay Blendon Robert D. Graff Benjamin R. Miller Abraham David Sofaer Jesse H. Ausubel Carter Booth R. Scott Greathead Helen V Milner Anne G.K. Solomon John R. Baker John C. Botts Carl J. Green Charlotte M. Morgan Carlos Javier Pauline H. Baker Jo Ivey Boufford Donald R Gregg Ambler H. Moss Jr. Spinelli-Noseda Peter Bakstansky Kay Boulware-Miller Linda Griego Lucia Mouat Ronald Steel Robert Edward Baldwin Whitney A. Bower Bernard M. Gwertzman Margaret Farris Mudd Alfred C. Stepan Donald K. Bandler John Brademas C. Barrows Hall George B. Munroe Gordon R. Sullivan Teresa C. Barger Henry R. Breck Paul Hallingby Jr. Richard W. Murphy Mona K. Sutphen Erica Jean Glenn A. Britt Frederick Heldnng Janice L. Murray James S. Sutterlin Barks-Ruggles Rosa Ehrenreich Brooks Ricki Tigert Heifer Scott Andrew Nathan Strobe Talbott Harry G. Barnes Jr. Geoffrey R Burgess Jack D. Hidary John D. Negroponte Peter Tarnoff Joseph W Bartlett William J. Butler Robert F Higgins Esther R. Newburg Thomas C. Theobald TimothyJ. Bartlett Frank C. Carlucci Rachel Hines Matthew Nimetz Franklin A. Thomas Kirsten Leigh Bartok Gareth C.C. Chang Steven I. Hofman Marcus Noland Lydia Waters Thomas Francis Keith Bassolino Stephen A. Cheney Jeffrey N. Hogan Lyndon L. Olson Jr. MaynardJ. Toll Jr. Pamela M. Bates Donald K. Clifford Jr. Warren M. Hoge PatrickJ. O'Rourke Eugene E Trani Francis M. Bator Charles E. Cobb Jr. Richard C. Hottelet Richard de J. Osborne Alexander B. Trowbridge Perry S. Bechky Tyrus W.Cobb John W Huizenga Hannah C. Pakula Basilios E. Tsingos David Z. Beckler William S. Cohen Mel M. Immergut Michael Pan Laura DAndrea Tyson Andrea D. Begel Elizabeth L. Colagiuri Karl E Inderfurth Herbert Pardes Garrick Utley Thomas C. Beierle Johnnetta B. Cole Bobby R. Inman Michael Christopher Toni G. Verstandig Burwell B. Bell Jill Conway L. Oakley Johnson Parks Jay M. Vogelson Jonathan N. Bell Frances D. Cook Alexander S. Jutkowitz Joseph E Peyronnin Carl E. Vuono Mack Bell Kathleen B. Cooper Robert R Kadlec Jane Cahill Pfeiffer Mary Wadsworth-Darby Steve Bell William Courtney Mark N. Kaplan John J. Phelanjr. David R. Weaver Douglas K. Bereuter Dan L. Crippen Zachary Karabell Steve R. Pieczenik Susan R. Weld Jonathan E. Berman Barbara Crossette Daniel Roger Katz Richard W Pogue Ira T. Wender Peter W Bernstein William J. Crowe Frederick S. Kempe Arturo C. Porzecanski Elie Wiesel Scott D. Berne Russell J. DaSilva Melanie M. Kirkpatrick Colin L. Powell Elisha Wiesel Jan Berris RoxanneJ. Decyk Helaine S. Klasky Philip H. Power Matthew A. Winkler Richard K. Betts John Deutch John C. Kornblum Robert C. Pozen Alan Wm. Wolff Karan K. Bhatia Robert R DeVecchi Mahesh K. Kotecha Allen E. Puckett Linda Tsao Yang Nicole M. Bibbins C. Maury Devine Fred T. Krawchukjr. Edward L. Pulling Daniel Yankelovich Linda M. Distlerath Nancy Jo Kuenstner Sedaca Simon Ramo Michael B. Yanney Thomas R. Donahue Nisha Kumar John C. Bierley Clyde E. Rankin III Nancy Yao Robert R. Douglass Betty Goetz Lall James D. Bindenagel Lee R. Raymond Daniel H. Yergin Richard A. Drucker John D. Langlois Eugene A. Birnbaum Celina B. Realuyo Robert B. Zoellick James H. Duffy Nicholas R. Lardy Joseph E. Black William K. Reilly Charles J. Zwick Graham A. Duncan Paul A. Laudicina Coit D. Blacker Renate Rennie Philip A. Dur Shelly B. Lazarus Robert O. Blake Rozanne L. Ridgway James Reed Ellis Roger S. Leeds CONTRIBUTORS Stephen Blank Cara W Robertson Claude E. Erbsen LaSalle D. Leffall III (UP TO $499) Antony J. Blinken Olin C. Robison Alexander T. Ercklentz Marc Levinson C. Spencer Abbot Alyse Nelson Bloom David Rockefeller Jr. Mathea Falco Lu Li Charles S. Abbot David A. Bloom John D. Rockefeller IV J. Rodney Faraon Labeeb M. Abboud Daniel E. Bob Riordan Roett Lee Feinstein Timothy Light Michael H. Alderman Andy S. Bodea Peter R. Rosenblatt Eugene V Fife Jonathan S. Linen Peter Belmont Pieter James Alexander Stanley Owen Roth Lisa Finstrom Betty Wen Ssu Liu Alderman Boelhouwer Arthur Mark Rubin Shepard L. Forman William J. Long George H. Aldrich Landrum R. Boiling Bette Bao Lord Karenna Gore Schiff Scott Hazzard Allan Jr. Andrea Bonime-Blanc

61 DEVELOPMENT

David L. Boren C. Shelby Coffey III Charles R. Eisendrath Catherine Gay Lisa W. Heald Marshall M. Bouton Joseph I. Coffey Michael Eisner Philip 0. Geier Charles B. Heck Robert R. Bowie Herman J. Cohen Stuart E. Eizenstat Peter E Geithner Robert C. Helander David William Bowker Roberta Jane Cohen Patricia Ellis Timothy F Geithner John L. Helgerson William L. Bradley Jonathan R. Cole Ainslie T. Embree Robert P George Richard M. Heller Jacqueline V Brady Julius E. Coles David B. Ensor Louis Gerber Rebecca K.C. Hersman Linda Parrish Brady Gary M. Cook Richard D. Erb Michael Getler Christian A. Herter Jr. George William Goodwin Cooke Robert H. Estabrook Tatiana C. Gfoeller Robert M. Hertzberg Breslauer Charles A. Cooper Daniel C. Esty Richard Gilmore Robert E. Herzstein Sundaa Ayo Bridgett Laura K. Cooper Richard Fairbanks Newton L. Gingrich Edward T. Hightower Reuben E. Brigety II Suzanne Cott David M. Fairman Thomas B. Ginsburg Ruth Hinerfeld Harvey Brooks Elizabeth M. Cousens Robert E. Fallon Walter D. Givhan Deane R. Hinton Charles N. Brower Peter E Cowhey Evelyn N. Farkas Robert R. Glauber John L. Hirsch C. Michael Brown Margaret E. Crahan Irina A. Faskianos Carol Gluck Jim Hoagland Carroll Brown Timothy W Crawford Evan A. Feigenbaum Robert E Goheen Tammany D. Hobbs Frederic J. Brown Adelaide McGuinn Ava S. Feiner Ronnie L. Goldberg Miracky L. Carl Brown Cromwell Catherine Lynne Bruce N. Goldberger Amoretta M. Hoeber Phoebe W. Brown Monica Elizabeth Feingold James M. Goldgeier Malcolm I. Hoenlein Robert S. Browne Crowley Daniel E Feldman Matthew N. Goldin Auren Hoffman Judith Bruce Lester M. Crystal Noah R. Feldman Natalie J. Goldring Bruce Hoffman Greyson L. Bryan Kenneth A. Cutshaw Charles H. Ferguson Neil Goldschmidt Stanley Hoffmann Mark E. Buchman Geoffrey D. Dabelko Anthony C. Fernandes Paul D. Golob George Roberts Hoguet Elaine Buckberg Dorinda G. Dallmeyer Frank E. Ferrari George J W Goodman Mary Elizabeth Hoinkes Thomas Buergenthal James E. Dalton Maria C. Figueroa Andrew J. Goodpaster John L. Holden Mary Brown Bullock Lori Fisler Damrosch Kupgii Joseph T. Gorman Duncan Baker Hollis Deborah K. Burand Mark D. Danner Desiree Geneva Stuart Gottlieb Henry Allen Holmes Christopher J. Burn Nathaniel Davis Filippone Peter G. Gould Pat M. Holt Christina Duffy Burnett Marion M. Dawson Carr Barbara D. Finberg Stephen Richards John D. Holum Patrick Owen Burns Horace G. Dawson Jr. Bernard I. Finel Graubard Gary N. Horlick Rolland H. Bushner Arnaud de Borchgrave Seymour Maxwell Shane Green Alan W Horton Ralph Buultjens Jean-Christophe Finger Joseph N. Greene Jr. Bradley C. Hosmer Daniel L. Byman de Swaan Lawrence S. Finkelstein Hugh D.S. Greenway Amory Houghton Jr. Louis W Cabot Edwin A. Deaglejr. Sonya L. Finley Alyssa A. Grikscheit Kathleen Houlihan Louis E. Caldera Jonathan Dean Mercedes Carmela Brandon Grove Christopher Bernard Daniel Calingaert Alfred C. DeCrane Jr. Fitchett Paul C. Grove Howard Thomas M. Callaghy Brewster C. Denny Stephanie Flanders Eugenia Katherine Lee W. Huebner Robert J. Callander Phil E. DePoy Stephen E. Flynn Guilmartin Gary C. Hufbauer David Patrick Calleo Patricia Murphy Derian Ronald R. Fogleman Edwin 0. Guthman Lynn N. Hughes Colin G. Campbell James V Derrick Jr. S. Robert Foley Jr. Lynn E. Haaland Ellen H. Hume David A. Caputo I. M. Destler William Fulbright Foote Robert D. Haas David S. Huntington Lisa M. Caputo Shelley Deutch Gerald R. Ford Alexander M. Haig Jr. Joseph Kindall Hurd III John Carey Joan Didion Jason William Forrester Nisid J. Hajari J. C. Hurewitz David A. Carmel Paula DiPerna Brenda Lei Foster Ted Halstead Sol Hurwitz William D. Carmichael Gregory Djerejian Donald T. Fox Hugh Gerard David R. Ignatius Barry E. Carter Paula J. Dobriansky Joseph Carrere Fox Hamilton Jr. Alice Stone Ilchman Hodding Carter HI Justin W. Doebele Thomas M. Franck D. Holly Hammonds Robert S. Ingersoll William David Casebeer David J. Doerge Brian L. Frank Larry Hanauer David Wallace Irwin Richard Edward Douglas S. Donohue Myra M. Frazier Stephen Handelman Kaleil D. Isaza-Tuzman Cavanagh Norman Dorsen Ladeene A. Freimuth Herbert J. Hansell John Jay Iselin Ray Charles Cave William Drayton Edward R. Fried Carl Thor Hanson Steven L. Isenberg James C. Chace Joy E. Drucker Benjamin M. Friedman Giselle P Hantz Adam R. Isles Walid George Chamoun Craig G. Dunkerley William E Fuller Evie Hantzopoulos Paul Jabber Cory Charles Kempton Dunn Mark T. Fung Katherine Anderson Sarah Jackson Robert Bruce Charles Lewis A. Dunn Ellen V Futter Hardin Mark R. Jacobson Steve Charnovitz Jennie M. Easterly Evan G Galbraith Conrad K. Harper Francis John James Robert Chartener Donald B. Easum Lacey Wingham Todd Christopher Hart David P Janes Thomas J. Ralph E. Eberhart Gallagher Arthur A. Hartman Robert Jas trow Christensen Robert H. Edwards Robert L. Gallucci Jon K. Hartzell Alpheus W. Jessup Daniel William Robert H. Edwards Jr. Joshua P Galper John H.E Haskell Jr. Karen H. Johnson Chris tman Laura L. Efros Sandra Galvis Gina Marie L. Hatheway Larry D.Johnson Jeffrey L. Qmbalo Karl Eikenberry Charles S. Ganoe John Resor Hauge Scott S. Johnson Peter A. Clement Hermann Frederick Johnson Garrett William Locke Hauser Willene A. Johnson Lynette Clemetson Eilts Charles Gati » Margaret Daly Hayes David C. Jones Harlan Cleveland Keri Eisenbeis Toby Trister Gati Thomas B. Hayward David L. Jones

62 DEVELOPMENT

Amos A. Jordan Marne L. Levine Carola H* McGiffert Jeffrey D. Nuechterlein William T. Pryce Gen M.Joseph Jeremy I. Levitt David E. McGiffert J. Benjamin H. Nye Robert H. Puckett John P. Jumper Bernard Lewis Laura A. Mcintosh Joseph S. Nye Jr. Fernande Scheid Raine Kenneth I. Juster Stephen R. Lewis Jr. David T. McLaughlin Phyllis E. Oakley John Raisian Eric John Kadeljr. Cynthia C. Lichtenstein Doyle McManus Robert B. Oakley R. Sean Randolph Bernard Kalb James E. Lieber Jason D. McManus Don Oberdorfer Clark T Randtjr. Marvin Kalb Kenneth G. Lieberthal Dennis L. McNamara Carol O'Cleireacain Robin Lynn Raphel Donald E Kanak Jessica K. Liebowitz Thomas L. McNaugher Walter E O'Connor J. Thomas Ratchford Arnold Kanter Sally L. Lilienthal M. Peter McPherson William E. Odom Jack Raymond Susan L. Karamanian Franklin A. Lindsay Robert F Meagher Raymond C. Charles E. Redman Stanley Karnow James M. Lindsay Adrienne Medawar Offenheiserjr. Charles B. Reed Abraham Katz Karin M. Lissakers Amy Houpt Medearis Joseph A. O'Hare Matthew R. Rees Stanley N. Katz Robert E. Litan Bruce Paul Mehlman L. Jay Oliva William M. Reichert Daniel J. Kaufman Robert S. Litwak Irene W Meister April A. Oliver Saskia S. Reilly Kira Kay Eric E Liu James E. Mejia William Clinton Olson Jehuda Reinharz Carl Kaysen Robert Livingston Claire Sechler Merkel Joseph N. Onek Thomas F Remington Juliette N. Kayyem George Cabot Lodge Theodor Meron Michael F Charles Byron Renfrew Farhad Kazemi Clark B. Lombardi John Robert Meyer Oppenheimer Nicholas A. Rey Thomas H. Kean Bevis Longstreth Harold J. Meyerman Robert C. Orr John B. Rhinelander Barbara L. Kellerman Linda S. Lourie Martin Meyerson Susan Sherer Osnos John H.Rich Jr. David Kellogg Stephen Low Judith B. Milestone E Taylor Ostrander Stephen H. Richards John H. Kelly- Abraham F Lowenthal Charles R. Miller Stephen T. Ostrowski David B. Richardson Peter B. Kenen James Milton Loy Debra L. Miller Henry David Owen Henry J. Richardson III Christopher J. Kennan C. Payne Lucas Matthew L. Miller Harold C. Pachios William B. Richardson Robert O. Keohane Edward C. Luck John A. Millington George C. Paine II Alice M. Rivlin Ann Zwicker Kerr Wendy W Luers Bradford Mills Mark Palmer Walter R. Roberts W. Carl Kester William H. Luers Susan Linda Mills Matthew A. Palmer David Z. Robinson Peter Kezirian Jane Holl Lute Frank J. Mirkow Eric J. Pan Hays H. Rockwell Henry L. King Princeton N. Lyman Sherwood G. Moe H. K. Park J. Hugh Roff Jr. Susan Robinson King Richard W Lyman George D. Moffett Elizabeth Rindskopf William D. Rogers Judith Kipper Thomas E Lynch III Walter F Mondale ErvinJ. Rokke Parker Stephen D. Kiser James E. Lyons ErnestJ. Moniz Alan D. Romberg Parag Patel Karin L. Kizer Richard Kent Lyons William S. Moody Arthur H. Rosen Hugh T. Patrick Monica Vegas Kladakis Marcus Mabry John Norton Moore Mark B. Rosenberg Stewart M. Patrick David Klein Charles Frederick Julia A. Moore Mitchell S. Rosenthal Roland A. Paul Jack Wilbur Klimp George E. Moose JonJ. Rosenwasser MacCormack Brigid Myers Pavilonis George Kolt Theodore H. Moran Ronald W Roskens Bruce Walter Richard Foote Pedersen Andrzej Korbonski Lloyd N. Morrisett Elspeth Davies Rostow MacDonald Federico F Pefia Louis Kraar Kenneth R Morse William M. Roth Consuelo Cotter Mack Don Peretz Jay L. Kriegel Alfred H. Moses Linda D. Rottenberg Paul Mackinnon EdwardJ. Perkins Anne O. Krueger Michael David Mosettig Ronald A. Route Robert M. Macyjr. Roswell B. Perkins Roger M. Kubarych Joel W Motley Edward L. Rowny Krista M. Magras Robert C. Perry Punita Kumar-Sinha Homer E. Moyerjr. Neil L. Rudenstine Thomas H. Mahoney IV Joseph E. Persico Denis Lamb Daniel H. Mudd Carol Knuth Sakoian Christopher J. Makins Mary Ann Peters Lansing Lamont Virginia A. Mulberger George R. Salem Wendy A. Maldonado Michael R Peters David M. Lampton Steven Muller Steven B. Sample Audrey Forbes Manley David H. Petraeus Carol J. Lancaster Emily Moto Murase Michael A. Samuels J. Eugene Marans Richard W Petree Jim Alfred Lande Deroy Murdock Michael A. Samway David Marchick Stephen R. Petschek Lauren R. Landis Douglas R Murray Marlene Sanders David E. Mark Peter J. Pettibone Richard D. Lawrence Martha Twitchell Muse Stephen Thomas Hans M. Mark Steven B. Pfeiffer Chappell H. Lawson Peter F Najera Phebe A. Marr Christopher H. Phillips Gordon Nathaniel Merlin E. Nelson Sargeant Anthony D. Marshall Lawrence W Pierce Richard A. Nenneman Ralph Southey Saul E Ray Marshall Andrew J. Pierre Lederman Lynn Nesbit Harold H. Saunders Zachary Blake Marshall Donald L. Pilling Ernest S. Lee Stephanie G. Neuman Robert A. Scalapino L. Camille Massey Walter H. Pincus Orin Lehman Pauline Newman Matthew Schaffer Walter E. Massey William A. Pizer John Foster Leich Richard T. Newman Jerrold Schecter Daniel C. Matuszewski Louis D. Pizzarello Erik James Leklem David D. Newsom Frank W Schiff Gerald M. Mayer Jr. Alan A. Piatt Marc E. Leland Jennifer G. Newstead Anya A. Schmemann John W McCarter Jr. Richard L. Plepler J. Stuart Lemle M. Diana Helweg James L. Schoff RobertJ. Lempcrt JohnJ.McCloyll Rutherford M. Poats G. Edward Schuh Amanda V Leness Robert L. McClure Newton Gerald A. Pollack Jill A. Schuker Alexander TJ. Lennon Elizabeth J. McCormack Eli M. Noam MarquitaJ. Pool-Eckert George D. Schwab Sarah GJ. Lennon Jennifer A. McFarlane Lynne Dominick Frank Popoff Susan Carroll Schwab John R. Price Jr. Marcel J. Lettre II Robert C. McFarlane Novack Eric Paul Schwartz

63 DEVELOPMENT

Adam Schwarz David Shiverick Smith John Temple Swing Gregory E. van der Vink Joanna Weschler William W. Schwarzer James McCall Smith Julia Vadala Taft Michael H. Van Dusen Jennifer Seymour Stephen M. Schwebel Malcolm B. Smith William H. Taft IV Ted Van Dyk Whitaker James E. Sciutto L. Britt Snider Phillips Talbot John Van Oudenaren Robert J. White Norman E Seagrave Timothy D. Snyder Jeffrey W Taliaferro Marsha Vande Berg Christine Todd Robert C. Seamans Jr. Andrew Wallace Raymond Tanter Martina E. Vandenberg Whitman Jonathan E. Sears Solomon C. Bruce Tarter Robert D. Vander Lugt Eddie Nathan Williams Mark S. Seasholes Anthony M. Solomon William Taubman Alice S. Victor Harold M. Williams James B. Seaton III Joshua N. Solomon Dina Simone Leslie Vinjamuri Margaret Douglas Eugene A. Sekulow Richard H. Solomon Temple-Raston Milton Viorst Williams John W. Sewell Robert Solomon Troy S. Thomas Charls E. Walker Donald M. Wilson Jeffrey R. Shafer Tara Diane Sonenshine Paul E. Tierney Jr. Gregg Alexander Philip S. Winterer Andrew J. Shapiro Helmut Sonnenfeldt Ronald Tiersky Walker Laura Winters Andrew L. Shapiro Richard W Sonnenfeldt Sarah Livingston Sarah K. Walkltng Frank G. Wisner Judith R. Shapiro Blake A. Spahn Timpson Ian Kennard Walsh Anne A. Witkowsky Jason T. Shaplen Jonathan S. Spaner Cynthia A. Tindell Anthony John Walton Charles Wolf Jr. Daniel A. Sharp Joshua B. Spero Terence A. Todman R. Keith Walton Jon B. Wolfsthal Dorothy C. Shea Ronald I. Spiers Ramin Toloui Katherine T. Ward R. James Woolsey Brooke L. Shearer J. Andrew Spindler Stephen Joel John William Warner Suzanne H. Woolsey Soroush Richard Stephen Stamas Trachtenberg Margaret G. Warner L. Patrick Wright Shehabi Nina Zinterhofer Harry D. Train II John L. Washburn Phoebe L. Yang Stanley K. Sheinbaum Stanford Russell E. Train Dennis Weatherstone Stephen Jerome Yates Sally Swing Shelley Eugene S. Staples Bernard E. Trainor Vin Weber David B. Yoffie Joanna Reed Shelton Eric Stein John Eking Treat Leroy Snyder Wehrle Casimir A. Yost Gary M. Shiffman Steven E. Steiner Peter D. Trooboff Steven Weinberg Alice Young Donald W. Shriver John D. Stempel Nancy Sherwood Truitt Sidney Weintraub Edgar B. Young Gary G. Sick Angela Evelyn Stent Edwin M. Truman Jacob M. Weisberg M. Crawford Young Robert B. Silvers Evan Stewart H. Anton Tucher Charles Weiss Jr. Frederick T.C. Yu Adele Simmons Donald B. Straus Cynthia A. Tucker Thomas G. Weiss Raul H. Yzaguirre E J. Simmons Jane E. Stromseth David Randolph Tunnell Ivan S. Weissman Donald S. Zagoria Joseph John Sisco Rose Styron J. Michael Turner David L. Weller Dov S. Zakheim Matthew J. Slaughter Karen M. Sughrue Richard H. UUman Samuel E Wells Jr. Anthony Charles Zinni Paul S. Slawson Ryung Suh Cornelius M. Ulman Allan Wendt Jonathan L. Zittrain Ann Brownell Sloane Patrick Moore Supanc SanfordJ. Ungar Mitzi Mallina Marvin Zonis Lawrence M. Small Francis X. Sutton Maureen T. Upton Wertheim Barry Zorthian S. Bruce Smart Jr. Cedric Suzman Sara Vagliano

GIFTS IN KIND The Council is grateful to Ira A. Lipman and survey of life and term members; the IBM Founda­ Guardsmark, LLC, for risk assessment services; tion for technology and support services; Shearman Richard N. Foster and McKinsey & Company for & Sterling for legal services for Foreign Affairs; consulting services for the Chairman's Advisory Chris Nelson for providing the Nelson Report; Council term member review; Douglas E. Schoen Patricia M. Patterson for underwriting training in and Penn, Schoen & Berland Associates, Inc., for public speaking; Robert J. Abernethy for hosting a holding focus groups for the Chairman's Advisory Los Angeles study group; and Chuck Zoeller and Council term member review and for designing, the Associated Press for providing photos for the implementing, and providing data from an online Peterson Gallery.

64 Committees of the Board 2003–2004

EXECUTIVE FINANCE AND BUDGET Barbara Crossette George H. Young III W. Bowman Cutter Peter G. Peterson, William J. McDonough, Mallory Factor Kimberly Zisk Marten David B.H. Denoon Chairman Chair Bart Friedman Padma Desai Carla A. Hills, Jessica P. Einhorn, Sergio J. Galvis NATIONAL PROGRAMS John Deutch Vice Chairman Vice Chair‡ Malcolm I. Hoenlein Michael H. Moskow, Michael B.G. Froman Robert E. Rubin, Roger C. Altman‡ James F. Hoge Jr.* Chair Francis Fukuyama Vice Chairman John H. Biggs§ Robert D. Hormats Robert J. Abernethy John Lewis Gaddis Jeffrey Bewkes Gail D. Fosler§ Karen Elliott House Andy S. Bodea Melvin L. Heineman Henry S. Bienen Joachim Gfoeller Jr. Morton L. Janklow Hodding Carter III James F. Hoge Jr.* Lee Cullum Richard K. Goeltz Melanie M. Kirkpatrick Stephen A. Cheney James M. Lindsay* Kenneth M. Duberstein Michael D. Granoff§ Marcus Mabry† Lee Cullum John P. Lipsky Martin S. Feldstein J. Tomilson Hill‡ L. Camille Massey Edward P. Djerejian Abraham F. Lowenthal William J. McDonough Henry Kaufman‡ Raffiq A. Nathoo April Kanne Donnellan† Haleh Nazeri† Michael H. Moskow Carl B. Menges‡ Peter L.W. Osnos Helene D. Gayle Steven L. Rattner Warren B. Rudman George J. Mitchell Ponchitta Pierce Mimi L. Haas Robert E. Rubin Richard E. Salomon Joel W. Motley Richard L. Plepler Mont P. Hoyt Scott D. Sagan Laura D’Andrea Tyson Karen Parker Feld‡ Douglas E. Schoen Lyric M. Hughes Anne-Marie Slaughter David Perez† Ron Silver Wyatt Thomas Johnson Gordon C. Stewart CORPORATE AFFAIRS Arthur M. Rubin† Anne-Marie Slaughter Peter Bicknell Kellner† Peter Tarnoff Kenneth M. Duberstein, Richard E. Salomon‡ Maurice Sonnenberg Judith B. Milestone Marc A. Thiessen Chair George Soros Theodore C. Sorensen Ambler H. Moss Jr. Richard H. Ullman Richard N. Foster, Kenneth I. Starr‡ Amina Tirana† William A. Owens Marta B. Varela Vice Chair Robert G. Wilmers‡ Malcolm H. Wiener Judith K. Paulus Ernest James Wilson III Jeffrey Bewkes Don M. Wilson III‡ James D. Zirin Henry H. Perritt Jr. Frank G. Wisner Joyce Chang† Robert L. Zangrillo John C. Reppert Daniel H. Yergin Saj Cherian† MEMBERSHIP David K.Y. Tang Samuel A. DiPiazza FOREIGN AFFAIRS Lee Cullum, Chair Peter Tarnoff WASHINGTON Bart Friedman Martin S. Feldstein, Joan E. Spero, Andrew Young PROGRAMS Joseph M. Ha Chair Vice Chair Warren B. Rudman, Ruth R. Harkin Henry A. Grunwald, Stephanie K. Bell-Rose NOMINATING Chair Morton L. Janklow Vice Chair Judith H. Bello AND GOVERNANCE Thomas E. Donilon, James R. Jones Fouad Ajami Sergio J. Galvis Henry S. Bienen, Vice Chair Virginia Ann Kamsky Warren Bass† Helene D. Gayle Chair Pauline H. Baker Sherman R. Lewis Jr. John Lewis Gaddis James M. Goldgeier Daniel William Edwin A. Deagle Jr. Ira A. Lipman Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Merit E. Janow Christman Thomas R. Donahue Ken Miller David Greenberg† Richard Mallery Nancy A. Jarvis Kenneth M. Duberstein Alan Joel Patricof Rita E. Hauser Michael H. Moskow Robert Legvold Marsha A. Echols Thomas R. Pickering Jim Hoagland Stephen A. Orlins Winston Lord Jessica P. Einhorn E. John Rosenwald Jr. Richard C. Holbrooke Orville Schell George J. Mitchell Douglas J. Feith Seymour Sternberg Karen Elliott House Thomas Schick Susan E. Rice Lauri J. Fitz-Pegado Alan J. Stoga John J. Mearsheimer Vin Weber Theodore Roosevelt IV Charles Gati Enzo Viscusi Rodney W. Nichols Raul H. Yzaguirre James Baker Sitrick Carl Samuel Gershman John H. Watts Louis Perlmutter G. Richard Thoman Michael H. Haltzel Frank G. Wisner Elisabeth N. Sifton Term Membership James A. Thomson Robert W. Helm I. Peter Wolff Theodore C. Sorensen Sergio J. Galvis, Chair Andrew Young Carla A. Hills Joshua L. Steiner Deborah K. Burand Nancy Young James V. Kimsey DEVELOPMENT Anita Volz Wien Juju Chang† Mark P. Lagon Richard E. Salomon, Philip D. Zelikow Robert J. Chaves STUDIES Dave K. McCurdy Chair Thomas J. Christensen Laura D’Andrea Tyson, Alberto J. Mora Henry S. Bienen MEETINGS C. Shelby Coffey III Chair Mark Palmer Ronald L. Olson Jeffrey Bewkes, Chair Joy E. Drucker Martin S. Feldstein, Thomas R. Pickering Vin Weber Carole Artigiani Todd C. Hart Vice Chair Peter R. Rosenblatt Lukas Harrison Haynes† Richard V. Allen Tara Diane Sonenshine † Designated Term Member. Rebecca K.C. Hersman† Jesse H. Ausubel Terence A. Todman ‡ Serves also on the Investment Subcommittee. H. K. Park† Laurence Merrill Band Michael H. Van Dusen § Serves also on the Audit Committee. Nancy E. Soderberg Hans Binnendijk W. Bruce Weinrod * Ex officio. Elliot Stein Avis T. Bohlen R. James Woolsey

65 Chairman’s Advisory Council

The Chairman’s Advisory Council was established to assist the Board in overseeing a number of key program areas. In 2003–2004 it focused on the Council’s Independent Task Forces, Term Member Program, and outreach initiative. The group is chaired by Council Chairman Peter G. Peterson, with Thomas E. Donilon, Richard N. Foster, and David K.Y. Tang as vice chairs, and is composed of the following Council members from around the country:

Peter G. Peterson Peter Ackerman Sergio J. Galvis Virginia Ann Kamsky David E. Sanger Chairman Charlene Barshefsky Helene D. Gayle Arnold Kanter Thomas Schick Thomas E. Donilon Alan R. Batkin Timothy F. Geithner William A. Owens Douglas E. Schoen Vice Chairman Stephanie K. Bell-Rose Joachim Gfoeller Jr. Richard L. Plepler Barbara Shailor Richard N. Foster Jewelle Bickford Mimi L. Haas Thomas J. Pritzker Anne-Marie Slaughter Vice Chairman Denis A. Bovin J. Tomilson Hill Steven L. Rattner Carl Ware David K.Y. Tang Robert E. Denham Alberto Ibargüen Susan E. Rice Alice Young Vice Chairman Michael B.G. Froman Merit E. Janow Scott D. Sagan Fareed Zakaria Robert John Abernethy Robert L. Gallucci Eason T. Jordan Richard E. Salomon

Note: The Chairman’s Advisory Council list is current as of September 1, 2004.

2004 Board Election

The Council’s By-Laws provide for a Board consisting of 30 direc- At the Annual Election of Directors on May 18, 2004, 1,799 mem- tors (plus the president, ex officio), divided into five classes of six bers participated in person or by proxy, fulfilling the quorum directors. Each class serves for a term of five years. In each class, required by By-Law V. No name was written on ten or more ballots three directors are elected by the membership and three are cast at the meeting, and, therefore, no one was nominated for the appointed by the Board. 2005 election by the write-in procedure outlined in the By-Laws. The Directors with terms expiring on August 31, 2004, were John following nominees were elected for five-year terms beginning Sep- Deutch, Carla A. Hills, Robert D. Hormats, William J. McDo- tember 1, 2004, and ending August 31, 2009: Madeleine K. Albright, nough, Theodore C. Sorensen, and George Soros. Joseph S. Nye Jr., and Fareed Zakaria. Bart Friedman, Donald S. Rice, The Nominating and Governance Committee was composed of and Barbara Paul Robinson served as election overseers. Henry S. Bienen (chair), Daniel William Christman, Nancy A. Under current procedures, the Board completed the Class of Jarvis, Robert Legvold, Winston Lord, George J. Mitchell, Susan E. 2009 by appointing three directors. Acting on the recommenda- Rice, Theodore Roosevelt IV, James Baker Sitrick, G. Richard tion of the Nominating and Governance Committee, at its June 10 Thoman, James A. Thomson, Andrew Young, and Nancy Young. meeting the Board appointed three Council members to serve five- On January 9, 2004, the chair invited the Council membership to year terms beginning September 1, 2004, and ending August 31, propose possible candidates. The Nominating and Governance 2009: Richard N. Foster, Maurice R. Greenberg, and Carla A. Hills. Committee met on March 10 to consider the pool of names sug- Additionally, the Board confirmed the appointment of Peter G. gested by Council members for the three elective vacancies. Mind- Peterson to the Class of 2007.* ful of its mandate to consider “the need for diversity with regard to Lilita V. Gusts age, sex, race, geographical representation, and professional back- Secretary ground,” the Nominating and Governance Committee developed the following slate of nominees: Madeleine K. Albright, Jamie S. Gorelick, Merit E. Janow, Joseph S. Nye Jr., Harold E. Varmus, and Fareed Zakaria. On March 19, 2004, Council members were noti- *To ensure an orderly transition in Council leadership, the Board of fied of the slate and of the petition process available to them in Directors at its October 2000 meeting approved changes in the By- accordance with the By-Laws. No petition candidate was put forth. Laws that enable a chairman and/or vice chairman to continue to serve A ballot was mailed to all Council members on April 14, 2004. on the Board, on a year-to-year basis.

66 International Advisory Board

The International Advisory Board (IAB), established by the Kyung-Won Kim (Republic of Korea), President, Institute of Board of Directors in 1995 under the chairmanship of David Social Sciences; former Ambassador of Korea to the United Rockefeller, honorary chairman of the Council, meets annually States in conjunction with the October Board meeting to offer perspec- Babagana Kingibe (Nigeria), Special envoy for the Sudan, Organi- tives on a broad range of matters of concern to the Council. IAB zation of African Unity; former Foreign Minister of Nigeria members are invited to comment on institutional programs and strategic directions, and on practical opportunities for collabora- Yotaro Kobayashi (Japan), Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, tion between the Council and institutions abroad. They also pro- Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. vide invaluable international insights into U.S. foreign policy in Rahmi M. Koç (Turkey), Honorary Chairman, Koç Holdings A.S. discussions on a variety of issues—from the need for new strate- Luiz Felipe Lampreia (Brazil), Chairman of the Board of Trustees, gies and institutions for the twenty-first century, to the value of Centro Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais; former Minister of multilateral approaches to world problems, to ways to foster Foreign Affairs of Brazil democratization. Juan March (Spain), Chairman, Juan March Foundation and Juan The IAB includes the following distinguished individuals: March Institute for Advanced Studies in Social Sciences Mariclaire Acosta (Mexico), former Special Ambassador for Adam Michnik (Poland), Editor-in-Chief, Gazeta Wyborcza Human Rights and Democracy, Mexico Brian Mulroney (Canada), Senior Partner, Ogilvy Renault; former Khalid A. Alturki (Saudi Arabia), Chairman, Trading and Devel- Prime Minister of Canada opment Company (TRADCO) Sari Nusseibeh (Palestinian Authority), President, Al-Quds Franco Bernabè (Italy), President, Franco Bernabè Group; former University Chief Executive Officer, ENI S.p.A. Sadako Ogata (Japan), President, Japan International Cooperation Carl Bildt (Sweden), Senior Adviser, IT Provider Adviser 1 AB; Agency; former United Nations High Commissioner for former Prime Minister of Sweden Refugees Ahmed E. Bishara (Kuwait), Secretary General, National Democ- Surin Pitsuwan (Thailand), Member of Parliament, Thailand; ratic Movement; Professor, Kuwait University former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand Conrad M. Black (United Kingdom), Chairman and Chief Executive Moeen A. Qureshi (Pakistan), Chairman, Emerging Markets Officer, Argus Corporation Ltd., and Chairman, Hollinger Inc. Partnership; former Prime Minister of Pakistan John Browne (United Kingdom), Group Chief Executive, BP Michel Rocard (France), President, Commission of Development, Amoco plc European Parliament; Former Prime Minister of France Mark C. Chona (Zambia), Chairman and CEO, Sumika Consul- Prannoy Roy (India), President, New Delhi Television, Ltd. tancy and Management Services Ltd.; former Political Adviser Khehla Shubane (South Africa), Director, Centre for Policy Studies, to the President of Zambia University of Witwatersrand; Director, Simeka Financial Gustavo A. Cisneros (Venezuela), Chairman and Chief Executive Services Officer, Cisneros Group of Companies Washington SyCip (Philippines), Chairman and Founder, The Abdel Raouf El-Reedy (Egypt), Chairman, Mubarak Public SGV Group; Chairman, Asian Institute of Management Library; former Ambassador of Egypt to the United States Horst Teltschik (Germany), President, Boeing International Niall W.A. FitzGerald (Ireland), Chairman and CEO, Unilever Corporation; former National Security Adviser of Germany Alejandro Foxley (Chile), Member, Senate of Chile; former Jacob Wallenberg (Sweden), Chairman, SEB Group Minister of Finance of Chile Jusuf Wanandi (Indonesia), Member of the Board of Directors, Jacob A. Frenkel (Israel), Vice Chairman, American International Centre for Strategic and International Studies (Jakarta) Group, Inc.; former Governor, Bank of Israel Shirley V.T. Brittain Williams (United Kingdom), Member, Mikhail Fridman (Russia), Chairman of the Board, Alfa Bank House of Lords; Public Service Professor of Electoral Politics, Toyoo Gyohten (Japan), President, Institute for International Harvard University Monetary Affairs; Senior Adviser, The Bank of Tokyo- Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (Mexico), Director, Center for the Mitsubishi, Ltd. Study of Globalization, Yale University; former President of Sergei A. Karaganov (Russia), Chairman of the Board, Council on Mexico Foreign and Defense Policy; Deputy Director, Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences

Note: The International Advisory Board list is current as of September 1, 2004.

67 By-Laws of the Council

I. All members of the Council shall be II. It is an express condition of membership the membership at large and three Direc- elected by the Board of Directors. All mem- in the Council, to which condition every tors appointed by the Board. Following bers elected to the Council, other than member accedes by virtue of his or her mem- each Annual Election but prior to the com- those whose term of membership is limited bership, that members will observe such mencement of the term of the new Direc- by the conditions of their election, remain rules and regulations as may be prescribed tors, the Board shall appoint three Directors members until death, resignation, or action from time to time by the Board of Directors to serve in the same class as the three Direc- under the last paragraph of this By-Law. concerning the conduct of Council meetings tors elected at the Annual Election. Any The Board of Directors may elect hon- or the attribution of statements made Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board orary members with such membership therein, and that any disclosure, publication, elected on an interim basis pursuant to rights, excluding the right to vote in Coun- or other action by a member in contraven- Article VII who is not a Director at the time cil affairs, as the Board may designate. tion thereof may be regarded by the Board of of his or her election, shall during the In any fiscal year, the Board is not con- Directors in its sole discretion as ground for period of such interim service be a Director strained in the number of persons elected termination or suspension of membership and, at the time of his or her election, shall to five-year term membership so long as the pursuant to Article I of the By-Laws. be designated by the Board of Directors to total number of term members does not occupy either (i) the position on the Board exceed 15 percent of the total membership. III. Members other than honorary members that would otherwise be occupied by the The terms and conditions of such member- of the Council shall pay the following dues President, if the President is not then serv- ship shall be as prescribed by the Board, per annum: ing as a Director, ex officio, or (ii) any provided that those elected to such mem- vacancy among the three Directors in each bership are between the ages of 30 and 36 Business Nonbusiness class subject to appointment by the Board. years on January 1 of the year in which New York Area B. At each Annual Election of the Coun- their election would take place, and that so Under 40 $1,470 $350 cil, three Directors shall be elected to long as their term continues such members 40 and Over 2,860 640 replace the outgoing class of elected Direc- will have the full rights and privileges of tors. Terms of all Directors, both elected Washington, DC, Area Council membership. and appointed, shall commence on the first Under 40 $1,180 $280 The Board of Directors may establish day of September next following their elec- 40 and Over 2,290 510 such other special categories of member- tion or appointment. A Director, whether ship having such rights and privileges, and National elected or appointed, who has served three subject to such conditions, as the Board Under 40 $ 800 $200 years or more of a five-year term shall be may designate. 40 and Over 1,550 350 eligible subsequently for election or A New York Area member is one whose appointment to a single consecutive term. residence or principal place of business is For purposes of this By-Law, nonbusiness C. Directors are expected faithfully to within 50 miles of City Hall in the Borough members are those who are regular mem- attend Board and Board Committee meet- of Manhattan, City of New York. A Washing- bers of the faculty of any accredited educa- ings to which they are assigned. A Director ton, DC, Area member is one whose resi- tional institution, who are in the public who fails to attend two-thirds of all such reg- dence or principal place of business is within service, who are on the staff of a voluntary ularly scheduled Board and Board Commit- 50 miles of the Capitol in the District of organization, or who are accredited writers, tee meetings in any two consecutive Columbia. All other members are National. commentators, journalists, or other media calendar years shall be deemed to have sub- All members other than honorary members correspondents. All other members, except mitted his or her resignation to be accepted shall be citizens of the United States or per- honorary members, are business members. at the pleasure of the Chairman of the Board. manent residents of the United States who All dues shall be paid annually or semi- The Board shall have the power to fill any have made application to become citizens. annually in equal installments in advance. vacancy in its membership. A Director A member may be dropped or suspended Default in the payment of any dues for a appointed to fill a vacancy created by the from membership for a period of six months period of 60 days may be deemed to be retirement, resignation, or death of a Direc- or more only by a unanimous vote of those equivalent to resignation. tor previously elected by the membership at Directors attending a meeting of the Board at large shall be nominated by the Nominating which a quorum is present and voting, for IV. A. There shall be a Board of not more and Governance Committee as the sole can- any violation of the By-Laws or rules or reg- than 31 Directors. The President of the cor- didate in the next Annual Election to com- ulations of the Board of Directors, or for any poration shall be a Director, ex officio, plete the balance of the unexpired term. conduct even though not in actual violation unless otherwise provided by resolution of of a By-Law or rule that, in the opinion of the the Board of Directors and agreed to by the V. A. The Annual Meeting of Members shall Board, is nevertheless prejudicial to the best President. The remaining members of the be held in New York City as soon as practi- interests, reputation, and proper functioning Board of Directors shall be divided into five cable after the end of the fiscal year, as deter- of the Council. A member’s privileges may be equal classes, each class to serve for a term mined by the Chairman of the Board. At this suspended for a period of up to six months of five years and until their successors are meeting the Board of Directors shall present by action of the President subject to approval elected and take office. Each class shall a report of the activities of the Council dur- by the Chairman of the Board. consist of three Directors elected directly by ing the past year, and such other business

68 By-Laws of the Council

shall be considered as shall be brought for- The Executive Committee shall be com- shall have responsibility for overseeing pro- ward by or with the sanction of the Board of posed of the Chairman and Vice Chairmen of grams, activities, services, and other initia- Directors and that shall have been stated in the Board, the Chairmen of the standing tives to enhance participation in the the notice convening the meeting. committees of the Board, and such other Council by members in Washington, DC. One-third of the voting members of the members of the Board as the Executive Com- The Committee on National Programs Council shall constitute a quorum for the mittee Chairman deems appropriate. During shall be composed of no fewer than three transaction of business. Members may be intervals between meetings of the Board, the members of the Board and such other mem- represented by proxy. Committee may exercise the powers of the bers of the Board as the Committee Chair- B. The Annual Election of Directors of the Board to the extent permitted by law. man deems appropriate. The Committee Council shall be held at a meeting in New The Committee on Finance and Budget shall have the power to co-opt no fewer York City on a date set by the President or the shall be composed of no fewer than three than ten additional members who shall not Chairman of the Board within 13 months of members of the Board and such other mem- be members of the Board. The Committee the preceding meeting at which Directors bers of the Board as the Committee Chair- shall have the responsibility for overseeing were elected. Directors shall be elected by bal- man deems appropriate. The Committee programs, activities, services, and other ini- lot. Ballots will be mailed to all members in shall have the power to co-opt no fewer tiatives to enhance participation in the advance of the Annual Election and may be than ten additional members who shall not Council by members in regions other than returned by mail or may be delivered in per- be members of the Board. The Committee New York City and Washington, DC. son or by proxy. The ballot shall contain (i) shall have general supervision of the invest- The Committee on Membership shall be the name of each member who is nominated ment of the funds of the Council and of its composed of no fewer than three members by the Nominating and Governance Com- financial affairs, and shall present the of the Board and such other members of the mittee as a candidate for the class of Directors budget at the Spring meeting of the Board. Board as the Committee Chairman deems scheduled for election in that year, (ii) the The Committee on Development shall appropriate. The Committee shall co-opt name of any member appointed to a vacancy be composed of no fewer than three mem- two members who shall not be members of in the Board and nominated by the Nominat- bers of the Board and such other members the Board and who shall be under the age of ing and Governance Committee as the sole of the Board as the Committee Chairman 40 when co-opted, and shall have power to candidate to complete the balance of the deems appropriate. The Committee shall co-opt no fewer than eight additional mem- unexpired term, (iii) the name of any mem- have the power to co-opt no fewer than ten bers of any age who are not members of the ber who is nominated in each class by a peti- additional members who shall not be mem- Board. All names proposed for membership tion signed by not fewer than ten members, bers of the Board. The Committee shall in the Council shall be referred to the Com- and (iv) the name of any member who help to plan, implement, and oversee the mittee for its consideration, and the Com- received not fewer than ten write-in votes in Council’s financial development programs. mittee shall submit to the Board its the preceding election. Members may cast The Committee on Corporate Affairs nominations for election to membership. one vote for each of as many candidates as shall be composed of no fewer than three The Nominating and Governance Com- there are vacancies to be filled on the Board, members of the Board and such other mittee shall be composed of no fewer than and the candidates with the highest number members of the Board as the Committee three members of the Board. The Commit- of votes in each class will be declared elected Chairman deems appropriate. The Com- tee shall present names for Directors, Offi- as Directors. One-third of the voting mem- mittee shall have the power to co-opt no cers, and Committee members. For the bers of the Council shall constitute a quorum fewer than ten additional members who purpose of nominating candidates to stand at the Annual Election Meeting. Administra- shall not be members of the Board. The for election to the Board, the Committee tive details necessary to implement the Coun- Committee shall help to plan, implement, shall co-opt ten additional members who cil’s nomination and election procedures shall and oversee the Corporate Program. shall not be members of the Board. The be as prescribed by the President in consulta- The Committee on Meetings shall be Chairman of the Nominating and Gover- tion with the Chairman of the Board. composed of no fewer than three members nance Committee shall be selected by the of the Board and such other members of the Chairman of the Board from among the VI. The Board shall constitute such Commit- Board as the Committee Chairman deems Board members on the Committee. Neither tees as may from time to time be appropri- appropriate. The Committee shall have the the Chairman of the Board nor the Presi- ate, including an Executive Committee, a power to co-opt no fewer than ten addi- dent shall be an ex officio member of the Committee on Finance and Budget, a Com- tional members who shall not be members Nominating and Governance Committee. mittee on Corporate Affairs, a Committee of the Board. The Committee shall have Both in co-opting members to its own body on Development, a Committee on Meetings, responsibility for overseeing the Council’s and in nominating candidates for each a Committee on Washington Programs, a program of general meetings and institu- year’s Board election, the Nominating and Committee on National Programs, a Com- tional outreach activities involving elec- Governance Committee is charged to keep mittee on Membership, a Nominating and tronic and other broadcast media. in mind the need for diversity with regard Governance Committee, a Committee on The Committee on Washington Pro- to age, sex, race, geographical representa- Foreign Affairs, and a Committee on Stud- grams shall be composed of no fewer than tion, and professional background. In nom- ies. Elections of Board members to Com- three members of the Board and such other inating candidates for each year’s Board mittees shall be held at Annual Meetings of members of the Board as the Committee election, the Committee is also charged (i) the Board, except that, on the nomination Chairman deems appropriate. The Commit- to solicit the entire membership for the of the Chairman of the Board, a Director tee shall have the power to co-opt no fewer names of possible candidates and (ii) may be elected at any meeting of the Board than ten additional members who shall not except as provided in By-Law IV(C) to to fill a Committee vacancy. be members of the Board. The Committee nominate twice as many candidates as there

69 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices

are directorships to be filled at the election Officers as in the Board’s judgment may be IX. The funds of the corporation shall be by the membership at large. required. The Board shall annually fix their invested by the Committee on Finance and The Committee on Foreign Affairs shall compensation. The Chairman of the Board Budget or shall be deposited with trust be composed of no fewer than three mem- shall be elected for a term of five years and companies or banking institutions desig- bers of the Board and such other members shall be eligible for reelection to a second nated by either the Board of Directors or of the Board as the Committee Chairman term. The Chairman shall be eligible to com- the Committee on Finance and Budget. deems appropriate. The Committee shall plete any such term without regard to By-Law Disbursements shall be made only upon have the power to co-opt no fewer than ten limitations on the number or tenure of Direc- checks or vouchers approved by any one of additional members who shall not be mem- tors. Pending election of a Chairman to a five- the following for amounts up to $5,000 and bers of the Board. All matters relating to the year term and subject to the By-Law limitation by any two of the following for amounts of oversight and management of the magazine on the number of Directors, for purposes of $5,000 and over: the President, any Vice shall be referred to the Committee. assuring an orderly transition in governance, President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, the The Committee on Studies shall be com- the Board may elect a Chairman and/or Vice Director of Finance, the Editor of Foreign posed of no fewer than three members of the Chairman to serve, on an interim basis, for Affairs, and such other employees of the Board and such other members of the Board one or more terms of up to 12 months each. corporation as may from time to time be as the Committee Chairman deems appro- The Chairman and any Vice Chairman shall designated by the Committee on Finance priate. The Committee shall have the power be eligible for election to any such term, on an and Budget. to co-opt no fewer than ten additional mem- interim basis, without regard to By-Law limi- bers who shall not be members of the Board. tations on the tenure of Directors or Officers. X. The Annual Meeting of the Board shall All suggestions relating to matters of The other Officers of the corporation shall be be held as soon as practicable after the first research shall be referred to it, and it shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors. day of September, as determined by the responsible for the initiation of research proj- The Chairman of the Board, or in his or Chairman of the Board. One-third of the ects. The Committee on Studies shall submit her absence, a Vice Chairman designated Directors in office shall constitute a quo- regular reports of its activities to the Board. by the Chairman, may call meetings of the rum at any meeting of the Board. Except as otherwise provided above, a co- Board and shall preside at all meetings of opted Committee member shall serve for the Board of Directors. XI. These By-Laws may be amended at any such term as the Committee co-opting him The President, subject to the overall direc- meeting of the Board of Directors, provided or her shall determine, and during such term tion of the Board of Directors, shall be the notice of the proposed amendment shall shall have the same rights and obligations as Chief Executive Officer of the corporation. have been given at a previous meeting or other Committee members. One-third of the The Vice Presidents in order of seniority circulated in writing to the members of the Directors and co-opted members, duly shall discharge the duties of the President Board not less than five days in advance. elected or appointed, shall constitute a quo- in his or her absence, and shall perform rum at any meeting of any Committee. Par- such other duties as from time to time shall XII. Any person made, or threatened to be ticipation by conference telephone, or similar be assigned them by the Board of Directors. made, a party to any action or proceeding, communication equipment allowing all per- The Treasurer shall have custody of the whether civil or criminal, by reason of the sons participating in the meeting to hear one funds of the corporation. fact that he or she, his or her testator or another at the same time, shall constitute The Secretary shall conduct the corre- intestate, is or was a Director or Officer of presence in person at a meeting. spondence of the corporation, and shall the Council, shall be indemnified by the keep its records. Council, and his or her expenses incurred VII. The Officers of the corporation shall be a in defending such an action or proceeding Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice VIII. The Board shall appoint the Editor of For- shall be advanced by the Council, to the Chairmen, a President, one or more Vice Pres- eign Affairs and the Director of Studies, if any, full extent authorized or permitted by law. idents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and such other and shall annually fix their compensation.

Rules, Guidelines, and Practices

The following items describe important Council since its origin, reconfirmed by RULE ON NON-ATTRIBUTION Rules, Guidelines, and Practices of the Coun- resolution of the Board of Directors on Sep- “The Council is a research and educational cil on Foreign Relations, with which mem- tember 11, 1973: institution. Everyone who participates in a bers and staff should familiarize themselves. “The Council shall not take any position Council meeting is encouraged to use and on questions of foreign policy, and no per- disseminate ideas and information devel- RULE ON FOREIGN POLICY POSITIONS son is authorized to speak, or purport to oped in the meeting. It is recognized, at the The following has been the policy of the speak, for the Council on such matters.” same time, that many Council guests and

70 Rules, Guidelines, and Practices

members are, by reason of their governmen- the Rule also goes out of its way to make it rience that relates directly to the meeting, as tal or other institutional affiliations, subject clear that a meeting participant is forbidden well as the general qualifications of potential to inevitable constraints upon their latitude knowingly to transmit the attributed state- candidates for Council membership. Mem- to express opinions, take positions, or offer ment to a newspaper reporter or other such bers bringing guests should secure the per- tentative judgments on public affairs issues person who is likely to publish it in a public mission of the Council department if they are speaking in a public forum or if medium. The essence of the Rule as refor- organizing the meeting and acquaint their their statements will be later attributed to mulated is simple enough: participants in guests with the Council’s Non-Attribution them in public media or a public forum. Council meetings should not pass along an Rule governing what is said at meetings. “Full freedom of expression is encour- attributed statement in circumstances where aged at Council meetings. Participants are there is substantial risk that it will promptly RULE ON CONFLICTS OF INTEREST assured that they may speak openly, as it is be widely circulated or published.” By resolution of the Council’s Board of the tradition of the Council that others will Directors, adopted January 28, 1992, the not attribute or characterize their state- GUIDELINES ON MEETINGS following policy concerning actual or ments in public media or forums or know- By resolution adopted on February 28, potential conflicts of interest was approved: ingly transmit them to persons who will. 1972, as subsequently amended, the Board “1. It is the policy of the Council on For- All participants are expected to honor that of Directors has prescribed the following eign Relations that the Board, officers, and commitment. Guidelines governing Council meetings: staff of the Council be sensitive to conflict- “An appropriate officer of the Council “The purpose of meetings sponsored by of-interest issues. may, however, by advance announcement the Council on Foreign Relations is to pro- “2. Any potential conflict of interest shall declare this Rule inapplicable in whole or in mote understanding of international affairs be disclosed to an Officer of the Board by the part to any particular Council meeting, and through the free interchange of ideas person concerned. When relevant to a mat- the presentation portion of the meeting may among participants. ter requiring action by the Board, the person be recorded and broadcast on electronic “In order to encourage to the fullest a concerned shall absent him- or herself from media and/or covered in the print media with free, frank, and open exchange of ideas in the final discussion of such matter, and shall the agreement of the speaker and advance Council meetings, the Board of Directors not vote thereon, and the minutes of the announcement to other participants. has prescribed, in addition to the Non- meeting shall so disclose. When there is “Notwithstanding the above Rule, the Attribution Rule, the following guidelines. doubt as to whether a conflict of interest Board of Directors may, from time to time, All participants in Council meetings are exists, the matter shall be resolved by vote of prescribe rules governing the subsequent expected to be familiar with and adhere to the Board, excluding the person concerning release of any Council records. these Guidelines. whose situation the doubt has arisen. “While the substance of the above Rule “1. Since the Council invites guests rep- “3. This resolution shall remain in full has been in effect since the formation of the resenting many different viewpoints, since force and effect unless and until modified Council, its present formulation was it selects topics regardless of, or because of, by vote of the Board, and a copy hereof adopted by the Board of Directors on June their controversiality, and since there is a shall be furnished to each officer or direc- 6, 1977, on the recommendation of a spe- wide divergence of viewpoints among tor at the time of his or her election or cial Advisory Panel on the Non-Attribution members, it is to be expected that Council appointment to or by the Board and any Rule, and subsequently amended on June meetings will sometimes be marked by renewal thereof, and to each person who is 7, 1994. The minutes of the June 1977 sharp dispute. now or hereafter may become a member of meeting contain the following explanatory “2. Meetings chairmen are expected to the staff. The policy shall in an appropri- comments about the Rule: stimulate open expression of opinion by all ate manner be reviewed annually for the “The report recognizes that ‘media’ and participants and should not attempt to information and guidance of directors, ‘public forum’ are vague terms. But they can mute controversy or stifle differences of officers, and staff.” nevertheless be rationally interpreted in the viewpoint where they exist. To this end it is light of the purpose of the Rule. For exam- the responsibility of chairmen to see to it ARCHIVAL PRACTICE ple, the reformulation would make it legiti- that all viewpoints expressed are treated By resolution of the Council’s Board of mate for a U.S. governmental official to with respect and that parliamentary deco- Directors, adopted June 3, 1999, all sub- report by memo to his colleagues and supe- rum is maintained. stantive records of the Council more than riors what he learned at a Council meeting. “3. Principal speakers should expect to 25 years old are open for reference use dur- Similarly, the reformulation recognizes that a be questioned vigorously on any point rel- ing library hours at the Seeley G. Mudd lawyer may give such a memo to his part- evant to their intellectual interest, experi- Manuscript Library at Princeton University, ners, or a corporate officer to other corpo- ence, or expertise in international affairs. It subject to the following proviso: rate officers. It would not be in compliance is recognized, however, that some speakers, “As a condition of use, the officers of the with the reformulated Rule, however, for particularly those holding official positions, Council shall require each user of Council any meeting participant (i) to publish a may not feel free to answer some questions, records to execute a prior written commit- speaker’s statement in attributed form in a and, in such case, their declination will be ment that he or she will not directly or indi- newspaper; (ii) to repeat it on television or respected.” rectly attribute to any living person any radio, or on a speaker’s platform, or in a Apart from the traditional meetings for assertion of fact or opinion based upon any classroom; or (iii) to go beyond a memo of spouses and for sons and daughters of the Council record without first obtaining from limited circulation, by distributing the members, occasional meetings are also open such person his or her written consent attributed statement in a company or gov- to guests of members. Guest privileges are thereto.” ernment agency newsletter. The language of for those who have special expertise or expe-

71 Historical Roster of D irectors and O fficers

DIRECTORS Lucian W. Pye 1966–82 Richard B. Cheney 1987–89, Isaiah Bowman 1921–50 Alfred C. Neal 1967–76 1993–95 Archibald Cary Coolidge 1921–28 Bill Moyers 1967–74 Robert F. Erburu 1987–98 Paul D. Cravath 1921–40 Cyrus R. Vance 1968–76, Karen Elliott House 1987–98, John W. Davis 1921–55 1981–87 2003– Norman H. Davis 1921–44 Hedley Donovan 1969–79 Glenn E. Watts 1987–90 Stephen P. Duggan 1921–50 Najeeb E. Halaby 1970–72 Thomas S. Foley 1988–94 John H. Finley 1921–29 Bayless Manning 1971–77 James D. Robinson III 1988–91 Edwin F. Gay 1921–45 W. Michael Blumenthal 1972–77, Strobe Talbott 1988–93 David F. Houston 1921–27 1979–84 John L. Clendenin 1989–94 Otto H. Kahn 1921–34 Zbigniew Brzezinski 1972–77 William S. Cohen 1989–97 Frank L. Polk 1921–43 Elizabeth Drew 1972–77 Joshua Lederberg 1989–98 Whitney H. Shepardson 1921–66 George S. Franklin 1972–83 John S. Reed 1989–92 William R. Shepherd 1921–27 Marshall D. Shulman 1972–77 Alice M. Rivlin 1989–92 Paul M. Warburg 1921–32 Martha Redfield Wallace 1972–82 William J. Crowe Jr. 1990–93 George W. Wickersham 1921–36 Paul C. Warnke 1972–77 Thomas R. Donahue 1990–2001 Allen W. Dulles 1927–69 Peter G. Peterson 1973–83, Richard C. Holbrooke 1991–93, Russell C. Leffingwell 1927–60 1984– 1996–99, George O. May 1927–53 Robert O. Anderson 1974–80 2001– Wesley C. Mitchell 1927–34 Edward K. Hamilton 1974–83 Robert D. Hormats 1991–2004 Owen D. Young 1927–40 Harry C. McPherson Jr. 1974–77 John E. Bryson 1992–2002 Hamilton Fish Armstrong 1928–72 Elliot L. Richardson 1974–75 Maurice R. Greenberg 1992–2002, Charles P. Howland 1929–31 Franklin Hall Williams 1975–83 2004– Walter Lippmann 1932–37 Nicholas deB. Katzenbach 1975–86 Karen N. Horn 1992–95 Clarence M. Woolley 1932–35 Paul A. Volcker 1975–79, James R. Houghton 1992–96 Frank Altschul 1934–72 1988–99 Charlayne Hunter-Gault 1992–98 Philip C. Jessup 1934–42 Theodore M. Hesburgh 1976–85 Kenneth W. Dam 1992–2001 Harold W. Dodds 1935–43 Lane Kirkland 1976–86 Donna E. Shalala 1992–93 Leon Fraser 1936–45 George H.W. Bush 1977–79 Alton Frye 1993 John H. Williams 1937–64 Lloyd N. Cutler 1977–79 Richard N. Cooper 1993–94 Lewis W. Douglas 1940–64 Philip L. Geyelin 1977–87 Rita E. Hauser 1993–97 Edward Warner 1940–49 Henry A. Kissinger 1977–81 E. Gerald Corrigan 1993–95 Clarence E. Hunter 1942–53 Winston Lord 1977–85 Leslie H. Gelb 1993–2001, Myron C. Taylor 1943–59 Stephen Stamas 1977–89 2002–2003 Henry M. Wriston 1943–67 Marina v.N. Whitman 1977–87 Paul A. Allaire 1993–2002 Thomas K. Finletter 1944–67 C. Peter McColough 1978–87 Robert E. Allen 1993–96 William A.M. Burden 1945–74 Richard L. Gelb 1979–88 Theodore C. Sorensen 1993–2004 Walter H. Mallory 1945–68 Graham T. Allison Jr. 1979–88 Garrick Utley 1993–2003 Philip D. Reed 1945–69 William D. Ruckelshaus 1979–83 Carla A. Hills 1994– Winfield W. Riefler 1945–50 James F. Hoge Jr. 1980–84 Helene L. Kaplan 1994–96 David Rockefeller 1949–85 George P. Shultz 1980–82 Frank G. Zarb 1994–96 W. Averell Harriman 1950–55 William D. Rogers 1980–90 Robert B. Zoellick 1994–2001 Joseph E. Johnson 1950–74 Walter B. Wriston 1981–87 Les Aspin 1995 Grayson Kirk 1950–73 Lewis T. Preston 1981–88 Mario L. Baeza 1995–2001 Devereux C. Josephs 1951–58 Warren Christopher 1982–91 Peggy Dulany 1995–2003 Elliott V. Bell 1953–66 Alan Greenspan 1982–88 Jessica P. Einhorn 1995– John J. McCloy 1953–72 Robert A. Scalapino 1982–89 William J. McDonough 1995–2004 Arthur H. Dean 1955–72 Harold Brown 1983–92 Frank Savage 1995–2002 Charles M. Spofford 1955–72 Stanley Hoffmann 1983–92 George Soros 1995–2004 Adlai E. Stevenson 1958–62 Juanita M. Kreps 1983–89 Hannah Holborn Gray 1995–98 William C. Foster 1959–72 Brent Scowcroft 1983–89 George J. Mitchell 1995– Caryl P. Haskins 1961–75 Clifton R. Wharton Jr. 1983–92 Louis V. Gerstner Jr. 1995– James A. Perkins 1963–79 Donald F. McHenry 1984–93 Lee Cullum 1996– William P. Bundy 1964–74 B. R. Inman 1985–93 Vincent A. Mai 1997–2003 Gabriel Hauge 1964–81 Jeane J. Kirkpatrick 1985–94 Warren B. Rudman 1997– Carroll L. Wilson 1964–79 Peter Tarnoff 1986–93 Laura D’Andrea Tyson 1997– Douglas Dillon 1965–78 Charles McC. Mathias Jr. 1986–92 Roone Arledge 1998–2002 Henry R. Labouisse 1965–74 Ruben F. Mettler 1986–92 Diane Sawyer 1998–99 Robert V. Roosa 1966–81 James E. Burke 1987–95 Martin S. Feldstein 1998–

72 historical roster of directors and officers

Bette Bao Lord 1998–2003 PRESIDENT EMERITUS SECRETARIES Michael H. Moskow 1998– Leslie H. Gelb 2003– Edwin F. Gay 1921–33 John Deutch 1999–2004 Allen W. Dulles 1933–44 Robert E. Rubin 2000– HONORARY PRESIDENTS Frank Altschul 1944–72 Andrew Young 2000– Elihu Root 1921–37 John Temple Swing 1972–87 Kenneth M. Duberstein 2001– Henry M. Wriston 1964–78 Judith Gustafson 1987–2000 Henry S. Bienen 2001– Lilita V. Gusts 2000– Joan E. Spero 2001– EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTS Vin Weber 2001– John Temple Swing 1986–93 HONORARY SECRETARY Fouad Ajami 2002– Michael P. Peters 2002– Frank Altschul 1972–81 Ronald L. Olson 2002– Thomas R. Pickering 2002– SENIOR VICE PRESIDENTS TREASURERS Jeffrey L. Bewkes 2002– Alton Frye 1993–98 Edwin F. Gay 1921–33 Helene D. Gayle 2003– Kenneth H. Keller 1993–95 Whitney H. Shepardson 1933–42 Richard N. Haass 2003– Larry L. Fabian 1994–95 Clarence E. Hunter 1942–51 Richard E. Salomon 2003– Michael P. Peters 1995–2002 Devereux C. Josephs 1951–52 Anne-Marie Slaughter 2003– Paula Dobriansky 2001 Elliott V. Bell 1952–64 Madeleine K. Albright 2004– Charles G. Boyd 2001–2002 Gabriel Hauge 1964–81 Richard N. Foster 2004– David Kellogg 2002– Peter G. Peterson 1981–85 Joseph S. Nye Jr. 2004– Janice L. Murray 2002– C. Peter McColough 1985–87 Fareed Zakaria 2004– Lewis T. Preston 1987–88 VICE PRESIDENTS James E. Burke 1988–89 CHAIRMEN OF THE BOARD Paul D. Cravath 1921–33 David Woodbridge 1989–94 Russell C. Leffingwell 1946–53 Norman H. Davis 1933–36 Janice L. Murray 1994– John J. McCloy 1953–70 Edwin F. Gay 1933–40 David Rockefeller 1970–85 Frank L. Polk 1940–43 EDITORS OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS Peter G. Peterson 1985– Russell C. Leffingwell 1943–44 Archibald Cary Coolidge 1922–28 Allen W. Dulles 1944–46 Hamilton Fish Armstrong 1928–72 HONORARY CHAIRMEN Isaiah Bowman 1945–49 William P. Bundy 1972–84 John J. McCloy 1970–1989 Henry M. Wriston 1950–51 William G. Hyland 1984–92 David Rockefeller 1985– David Rockefeller 1950–70 James F. Hoge Jr. 1992– Frank Altschul 1951–71 VICE CHAIRMEN OF THE BO ARD Devereux C. Josephs 1951–52 DIRECTORS OF STUDIES Grayson Kirk 1971–73 David W. MacEachron 1972–74 Percy W. Bidwell 1937–53 Cyrus R. Vance 1973–76, John Temple Swing 1972–86 Philip E. Mosely 1955–63 1985–87 Alton Frye 1987–93 Richard H. Ullman 1973–76 Douglas Dillon 1976–78 William H. Gleysteen Jr. 1987–89 Abraham F. Lowenthal 1976–77 Carroll L. Wilson 1978–79 John A. Millington 1987–96 John C. Campbell 1977–78 Warren Christopher 1987–91 Margaret Osmer-McQuade 1987–93 Paul H. Kreisberg 1981–87 Harold Brown 1991–92 Nicholas X. Rizopoulos 1989–94 William H. Gleysteen Jr. 1987–89 B. R. Inman 1992–93 Karen M. Sughrue 1993–98 Nicholas X. Rizopoulos 1989–94 Jeane J. Kirkpatrick 1993–94 Abraham F. Lowenthal 1995– Kenneth H. Keller* 1994–95 Maurice R. Greenberg 1994–2002 Janice L. Murray 1995–2002 Ethan B. Kapstein 1995–96 Carla A. Hills 2001– David J. Vidal 1995–97 Kenneth R. Maxwell 1996 William J. McDonough 2002–2003 Ethan B. Kapstein 1995–96 Gary C. Hufbauer 1997–98 Robert E. Rubin 2003– Frederick C. Broda 1996–97 Lawrence J. Korb 1998–2002 Kenneth R. Maxwell 1996 Michael P. Peters 2002–2003 HONORARY VICE CHAIRMAN Gary C. Hufbauer 1997–98 James M. Lindsay 2003– Maurice R. Greenberg 2002– David Kellogg 1997–2002 Paula J. Dobriansky 1997–2001 DIRECTORS OF MEETINGS PRESIDENTS Anne R. Luzzatto 1998– George S. Franklin 1949–50 John W. Davis 1921–33 Lawrence J. Korb 1998–2002 William Henderson 1952–54, George W. Wickersham 1933–36 Elise Carlson Lewis 1999– 1955–56 Norman H. Davis 1936–44 Robert C. Orr 2002–2003 Melvin Conant 1954–55,* Russell C. Leffingwell 1944–46 Irina A. Faskianos 2002– 1956–57,* Allen W. Dulles 1946–50 Lisa Shields 2003– 1957–59 Henry M. Wriston 1951–64 James M. Lindsay 2003– George V.H. Moseley III 1959–62 Grayson Kirk 1964–71 Nancy E. Roman 2004– Harry Boardman 1962–69 Bayless Manning 1971–77 Zygmunt Nagorski Jr. 1969–78 Winston Lord 1977–85 EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Marilyn Berger 1978–79 John Temple Swing* 1985–86 Hamilton Fish Armstrong 1922–28 Margaret Osmer-McQuade 1979–93 Peter Tarnoff 1986–93 Malcolm W. Davis 1925–27 Karen M. Sughrue 1993–98 Alton Frye 1993 Walter H. Mallory 1927–59 Anne R. Luzzatto 1998– Leslie H. Gelb 1993–2003 George S. Franklin 1953–71 Richard N. Haass 2003– *pro-tempore

73 budget and finance

Fiscal year 2004 was another year of solid growth for the Coun- In his Chairman’s Letter, Peter G. Peterson noted William J. cil in its portfolio and other revenue streams, especially Foreign McDonough’s contributions as chairman of the Finance and Bud- Affairs, the Corporate Program, and annual giving, even as the get Committee. Those of us who worked closely with him over the Council went through a period of major transition in the finan- years join Pete in expressing our gratitude and appreciation for his cial area consistent with the direction of changes in governance sterling oversight of the Council’s finances. We are equally fortu- for not-for-profit entities. The Council’s newly formed Audit nate in welcoming Board member Michael Moskow, his successor Committee, chaired by John Biggs, engaged a new audit firm, as chair of this committee. Deloitte & Touche. We thank Ernst & Young for its long and ded- Janice L. Murray icated service as the Council’s audit firm. Senior Vice President and Treasurer

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION June 30, 2004 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,431,700 Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses 1,463,200 Grants and contributions receivable (Note 5) 3,331,100 Contributions receivable for endowment (Note 5) 2,742,200 Inventories 98,500 Investments (Note 3) 169,039,900 Land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment, net (Note 6) 25,069,500 Total $ 205,176,100

Liabilities and net assets Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 4,743,800 Deferred subscription revenue 2,315,000 Accrued postretirement benefits (Note 8) 1,971,000 Total liabilities 9,029,800 Net assets (Notes 9, 10, and 12): Unrestricted 88,378,200 Temporarily restricted 38,200,600 Permanently restricted 69,567,500 Total net assets 196,146,300 Total $ 205,176,100

See notes to financial statements.

74 budget and finance

STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES Year ended June 30, 2004 Temporarily Permanently Unrestricted Restricted Restricted Total Operating revenue, support, and reclassifications Membership dues $ 3,612,200 $ 3,612,200 Annual giving 3,720,300 3,720,300 Corporate memberships and related income 4,429,500 4,429,500 Meetings 26,800 127,500 154,300 International Affairs Fellowships 80,000 80,000 Grants and contributions for Studies 279,800 2,406,800 2,686,600 Other grants and contributions 65,900 236,100 302,000 Foreign Affairs 6,605,800 6,605,800 Book publication 46,900 46,900 Investment income allocation (Note 4) 3,326,000 3,324,700 6,650,700 Rental income 794,500 794,500 Miscellaneous 175,800 36,500 212,300 Total operating revenue and support 23,083,500 6,211,600 29,295,100 Net assets released from restrictions (Note 9) 9,383,900 (9,383,900) — Total operating revenue, support, and reclassifications 32,467,400 (3,172,300) 29,295,100 Operating expenses Program expenses: Studies Program 11,560,400 11,560,400 Meetings Program 3,333,800 3,333,800 Foreign Affairs 5,171,900 5,171,900 Book publication 407,300 407,300 National Program 775,300 775,300 Websites 651,200 651,200 International Affairs Fellowships 995,200 995,200 Communications 834,800 834,800 Total program expenses 23,729,900 23,729,900 Supporting services: Management and general 4,228,800 4,228,800 Membership 835,500 835,500 Fund-raising: Development 318,000 318,000 Corporate Program 826,300 826,300 Total fund-raising 1,144,300 1,144,300 Total supporting services 6,208,600 6,208,600 Total operating expenses 29,938,500 29,938,500 Excess of operating revenue, support, and reclassifications over operating expenses 2,528,900 (3,172,300) (643,400) Nonoperating revenue (Note 2) Investment gain in excess of spending rate (Note 4) 8,823,800 2,968,100 11,797,900 Endowment contributions 3,178,800 3,178,800 Total nonoperating revenue 8,823,800 2,968,100 3,178,800 14,970,700 Change in net assets 11,352,700 (204,200) 3,178,800 14,327,300 Net assets, beginning of year 79,214,200 38,404,800 66,388,700 184,007,700 Prior period adjustments (Note 12) ( 2,188,700) (2,188,700) Net assets, beginning of year as adjusted 77,025,500 38,404,800 66,388,700 181,819,000 Net assets, end of year $ 88,378,200 $ 38,200,600 $ 69,567,500 $ 196,146,300

See notes to financial statements.

75 budget and finance

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Year ended June 30, 2004 Cash flows from operating activities: Change in net assets $ 14,327,300 Prior period adjustments (2,188,700) Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: Depreciation 1,677,600 Net realized and unrealized gain on investments (17,964,000) Non-cash equivalents income-net (992,000) Contributions restricted for investment in endowment (3,178,800) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (397,200) Grants and contributions receivable 3,575,400 Contribution receivable for endowment (1,439,200) Inventories 28,900 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 1,479,100 Deferred subscription revenue (100,800) Accrued postretirement benefits 113,000 Net cash used in operating activities (5,059,400) Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of building improvements and equipment (4,433,700) Purchases of investments (197,545,800) Proceeds from sales of investments 197,596,600 Net cash used in investing activities (4,382,900) Cash flows from financing activities: Contributions restricted for investment in endowment 3,178,800 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (6,263,500) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 9,695,200 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 3,431,700

See notes to financial statements.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended June 30, 2004 1. ORGANIZATION Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. (the “Council”), is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as pol- icymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other governments. The Council does this by convening meetings; conducting a wide- ranging Studies program; publishing Foreign Affairs, the preeminent journal covering international affairs and U.S. foreign policy; main- taining a diverse membership; sponsoring Independent Task Forces and Special Reports; and providing up-to-date information about the world and U.S. foreign policy on the Council’s website, www.cfr.org. The Council is a Section 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(a) of the Internal Rev- enue Code (the “Code”) and is a publicly supported organization as described in Section 509(a)(1) of the Code. The Council is also exempt from state and local income taxes. It is subject to tax on unrelated business income, which has not been significant.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Accounting—The financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting.

76 budget and finance

Cash and Cash Equivalents—The Council considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less, excluding cash equivalents held as investments, to be cash equivalents. Investments—The Council’s investments are recorded at their fair values, which are based on quoted market prices for individual debt and marketable equity securities. The Council’s hedge funds, which consist of interests in investment limited partnerships and investment companies, are carried as follows: • The Council’s investments in investment companies, represented by share ownership, are carried at the aggregate net asset value of the shares held by the Council. The net asset value is based on the net market value of the investment company’s investment portfolio as determined by the management of the investment company. • The carrying values of investments in investment limited partnerships reflect the Council’s net contributions to the respective part- nerships and its share of realized and unrealized investment income and expenses of the respective partnerships. Investments held by the investment limited partnerships generally are carried at fair value as determined by the respective general partners. Land, Buildings and Building Improvements, and Equipment—The Council follows the practice of capitalizing expenditures for land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment and generally depreciates these assets on the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives (see Note 6). The fair value of donated property and equipment is similarly capitalized and depreciated. Deferred Compensation—The Council has deferred compensation arrangements with current employees. Investment earnings accrue to the benefit of the employees. The bonus payments and accrued earnings are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the financial statements. Inventory—Inventory is comprised of paper that is stored off-site and used in the printing of the bimonthly publication Foreign Affairs. Inventory is carried at cost. Net Asset Classifications—The Council considers all contributions and grants to be available for unrestricted use unless specifically restricted by the donor or grantor. Endowment contributions are invested and, pursuant to the Council’s 5% spending policy (see Note 4), an investment allocation is made for general purposes (unrestricted) and specific program activities (temporarily restricted). In the accompanying financial statements, funds that have similar characteristics have been combined into three net asset classes: unre- stricted, temporarily restricted, and permanently restricted. Unrestricted net assets represent funds that are fully available, at the discretion of management and the Board of Directors, for the Coun- cil to utilize in any of its program or supporting services. Temporarily restricted net assets comprise funds that are restricted by donors for a specific time period or purpose. Permanently restricted net assets consist of funds that must be maintained intact in perpetuity, but permit the Council to expend part or all of the income derived from the investment of the donated assets for either specified or unspecified purposes. Support and Revenue—Contributions, including a portion of membership dues, are recorded when received unconditionally, at their fair value. Gifts received with donor stipulations that limit the use of donated assets are reported as either temporarily or permanently restricted support. When a donor restriction expires, that is, when a time restriction ends or purpose restriction is fulfilled, temporarily restricted net assets are reclassified as unrestricted net assets and reported in the statement of activities as net assets released from restric- tions. It is the Council’s policy to imply a time restriction on gifts of long-lived assets and contributions to be used to acquire long-lived assets in the absence of explicit donor restrictions to that effect. Conditional contributions, such as grants with matching requirements, are recognized in the appropriate net asset class when the condi- tions have been met. Payments for subscriptions to Foreign Affairs are recognized as revenue over the period during which the subscriptions are fulfilled. Measure of Operations—The Council includes in its definition of operations all revenues and expenses that are an integral part of its pro- grams and supporting activities, including an authorized investment income allocation (see Note 4) and all contributions except for those that are restricted for capital expenditures or have been permanently restricted by donors. Investment income, including net realized and unrealized gains and losses, earned in excess of (or less than) the Council’s aggregate authorized spending amount, contributions for cap- ital expenditures, and contributions to permanently restricted net assets are recognized as nonoperating activities. Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompa- nying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Allocation of Expenses—The cost of providing the various programs and the supporting services has been summarized on a functional basis in the statement of activities. Accordingly, certain costs have been allocated by management among the programs and supporting services benefited as a percentage of all direct program expenses. Recent Accounting Pronouncements—In December 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 132 (Revised), Employer’s Disclosure about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, and 106 (“SFAS No. 132-R”). SFAS No. 132-R retains disclosure requirements of the original statement and requires additional disclosers relating to assets, obligations, cash flows, and net periodic benefit costs. The adoption of the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 132-R did not have a material effect on the Council’s financial statements.

77 budget and finance

3. INVESTMENTS The components of the Council’s long-term investments as of June 30, 2004: Cost Carrying Value Domestic equity securities $ 45,086,700 $ 56,316,900 International equity securities 16,365,100 22,873,300 Foreign and corporate bonds 4,484,300 4,500,100 U.S. government agency obligations 22,654,700 22,644,400 Hedge funds 33,428,400 50,242,900 Money market funds 12,462,300 12,462,300 Total $ 134,481,500 $ 169,039,900 The hedge funds in which the Council has invested may trade various financial instruments with off–balance sheet risk. These financial instruments include securities sold short and long, options contracts and foreign currency forward contracts. Such transactions subject the hedge funds and their investors to market risk associated with changes in the value of the underlying securities, financial instruments, and foreign currencies, as well as the risk of loss if a counterparty fails to perform. The respective hedge fund managers endeavor to limit the risk associated with such transactions.

4. INVESTMENT ALLOCATION It is Council policy to make an annual investment allocation for the support of operations up to 5% of the average market value of the investments for the three previous years. Amounts allocated to the unrestricted and temporarily restricted net asset classes are at the dis- cretion of the Council. Investment income has been reported as follows: Temporarily Unrestricted Restricted Total Dividends and interest, net of investment expenses of $1,366,200 $ 315,300 $ 163,300 $ 478,600 Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) 11,834,500 6,129,500 17,964,000 Total return on investments 12,149,800 6,292,800 18,442,600 Investment return used for current operations (3,326,000) (3,324,700) (6,650,700) Investment gain (loss) in excess of amounts used for current operations $ 8,823,800 $ 2,968,100 $11,791,900

5. GRANTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVABLE Receivables consist substantially of promises to give and are due from individuals, corporations, and foundations. Contributions receiv- able for endowment and capital expenditures, which represents $2,742,200 of the gross receivables, are due primarily within one year. Grants and contributions receivable as of June 30, 2004, are due to be collected as follows: Less than one year $ 4,211,400 One to five years 1,950,000 6,161,400 Less discount (at rates varying from 1.5% to 6%) 88,100 Grants and contributions receivable, net $ 6,073,300

6. LAND, BUILDINGS AND BUILDING IMPROVEMENTS, AND EQUIPMENT Land, buildings and building improvements, and equipment, at cost, as of June 30, 2004, are summarized as follows: Estimated Useful Life Land $ 1,854,3000 Buildings and building improvements 30,516,800 10–55 years Equipment 8,589,400 3–15 years 40,960,500 Less accumulated depreciation 15,891,000 $ 25,069,500

78 budget and finance

7. RETIREMENT PLAN The Council has a defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees who meet the minimum service requirements. Payments, which are 12.5% of each participant’s salary for employees hired prior to July 1, 1998, and 10% for each participant hired after this date, are made to Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and College Retirement Equity Fund to purchase individual annuities for plan members. The expense for the plan was $921,800 for 2004. Participants must contribute 2.5% of their salaries and have the option to make additional contributions to a supplemental pension plan on their own behalf.

8. OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS The Council provides medical benefits for their retired employees. Employees are eligible for those benefits when they meet the criteria for retirement under the Postretirement Plan (the Plan). The following information presents the Plan’s disclosures under the provisions of SFAS No. 132-R. Obligations and funded status as determined as of the end of the year measurement date: Benefit obligation, end of year $(3,332,000) Net amount recognized in the statements of financial position $(1,971,000) The Council funds expenses and benefit payments as they are incurred annually and has not contributed funds to separate trusteed accounts to fund the accumulated postretirement benefit obligations. The discount rate used to determine the end of year obligation is 6.50%. The postretirement benefits paid during the year ended June 30, 2004, was $213,000. The postretirement benefit cost for the year ended June 30, 2004, was $113,000 and was based on actuarial assumptions and a discount rate set as of the beginning of the year. The discount rate was 6.25% and the projected credit unit method was used for determining ben- efits earned during the year.

Assumed health care cost trend rates at June 30, 2004: Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year 10% Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline 5% Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2009 Increasing the assumed medical care cost trend rates by 1% in each year would increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obliga- tion at June 30, 2004, by $29,200. The following postretirement benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: Years ending June 30, 2005 $ 209,000 2006 233,000 2007 245,000 2008 248,000 2009 252,000 2010–2014 1,301,000

9. TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED NET ASSETS Temporarily restricted net assets as of June 30, 2004, are restricted for the following purposes or time periods: Studies $22,942,000 International Affairs Fellowships 4,200,500 Meetings 3,162,500 Studies—Next Generation 1,320,200 Capital expenditures 5,001,400 Other 1,574,000 $38,200,600

79 budget and finance

Temporarily restricted net assets were released from restrictions for the fulfillment of the following during the years ended June 30, 2004: Purposes and time periods: Studies $ 7,854,000 International Affairs Fellowships 537,400 Meetings 454,600 Studies—Next Generation 42,800 Capital expenditures 217,400 Other 277,700 $ 9,383,900 The amounts released from restrictions represent revenue recognized in prior years and expended in the current year. Some amounts of restricted gifts are received and spent in the same year and are also included in the release from restrictions.

10. PERMANENTLY RESTRICTED NET ASSETS At June 30, 2004, income earned on permanently restricted net assets is available for the following purposes:

Studies $43,398,300 International Affairs Fellowships 6,066,100 Meetings 4,096,100 Library 1,021,000 Unrestricted as to use 14,986,000 $69,567,500

11. COMMITMENTS The Council leases certain office facilities and equipment under capital and operating lease arrangements. Future minimum payments for capital and non-cancellable operating leases as of June 30, 2004, are as follows:

Year ending June 30, 2005 $229,300 2006 33,200 2007 32,200 2008 20,100 2009 1,800 Total $316,600 Rent expense under the operating leases was $324,772 for the year ended June 30, 2004.

12. PRIOR YEAR ADJUSTMENTS Subsequent to the issuance of the Council’s 2003 financial statements, the Council’s management discovered that a pledge from a donor in the amount of $2,000,000 that had previously been recorded as a receivable and unrestricted net assets was to be paid from the donor’s will. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards, No. 116, Accounting for Contributions Received and Contributions Made, inten- tions to give are not unconditional promises to give and therefore should not be recognized until such conditionals are met. As a result, beginning unrestricted net assets have been adjusted to reflect the $2,000,000 write-off. In addition, certain revenues from corporate memberships and rental activities had not been prorated between the fiscal periods over which the income was to be earned. At June 30, 2003, $94,600 of rental income and $85,300 of corporate memberships should have been deferred and recognized as revenues in fiscal 2004. As a result, beginning unrestricted net assets have been reduced to reflect the deferral of such income in the amount of $179,900. Lastly, certain pledges had not been discounted at the appropriate discount rate at June 30, 2003, and were overstated. As a result, begin- ning unrestricted net assets have been reduced by $8,800. Beginning unrestricted net assets at July 1, 2003, as previously reported $79,214,200 Prior period adjustment, write-off receivable balance (2,000,000) Prior period adjustment, corporate memberships and rental activities (179,900) Prior period adjustment, discount rate for pledges (8,800) Adjusted beginning unrestricted net assets at July 1, 2003 $77,025,500

80 budget and finance

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

To the Board of Directors of Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. We have audited the accompanying statement of financial position of the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. (the “Council”), as of June 30, 2004, and the related statements of activities and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Council’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., at June 30, 2004, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

August 24, 2004

81 staff

EXECUTIVE OFFICE PUBLISHING Richard N. Haass President David Kellogg Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs, Michael P. Peters Executive Vice President and Publisher Janice L. Murray Senior Vice President and Treasurer Abigail Zoba Special Assistant to the President FOREIGN AFFAIRS PUBLISHING Kira ElBoury Executive Assistant to the President Eugenia Chang Circulation Director Andrea Walther Special Assistant to the Executive Lynda Hammes Manager, Academic Publishing Vice President Rohit Reddy Senior Account Manager Sharon Herbst Assistant to the Senior Vice President Michael Pasuit Account Manager and Treasurer Nancy Eyde Operations Manager Margaret Joshua Holmes Assistant Marketing Manager Winterkorn-Meikle Research Associate Melsha Winchester Advertising Production Coordinator Lilita V. Gusts Secretary of the Corporation Lisa Lau Coordinator, Academic Publishing Jeffrey A. Reinke Director of Member Relations (New York) and Special Projects COUNCIL PUBLISHING Leslie H. Gelb President Emeritus and Board Senior Patricia Lee Dorff Director Fellow Jennifer Anmuth Assistant Editor Thomas D. Sullivan Research Associate to the President Emeritus and Board Senior Fellow WEB PRODUCTION Elva Murphy Assistant to the President Emeritus Tom Davey Executive Web Producer and Board Senior Fellow Cree Frappier Manager of Web Design and Development Juan-Carlos Sobrino Web Producer Alton Frye Presidential Senior Fellow Emeritus

TASK FORCE PROGRAM Lee Feinstein Executive Director CFR.ORG Lindsay Workman Assistant Director Michael Glennon Director and Senior Editor Bernard Gwertzman Consulting Editor Jennifer Sieg Assistant Director and Project Coordinator, COMMUNICATIONS C2004 Sharon Otterman Staff Writer Lisa Shields Vice President Esther Pan Staff Writer Marie X. Strauss Deputy Director Willis Sparks Research Associate Lieutenant Colonel Manager of Communications Maria L. Carl (USAF Fellow, DC Office) Marieke Beeuwkes Assistant Director Amy Gunning Assistant to the Vice President STUDIES PROGRAM DIRECTOR OF STUDIES OFFICE James M. Lindsay Vice President, Director of Studies, FOREIGN AFFAIRS Maurice R. Greenberg Chair EDITORIAL Lee Feinstein Deputy Director and Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy James F. Hoge Jr. Editor, Peter G. Peterson Chair and International Law Gideon Rose Managing Editor Janine Hill Associate Director Jonathan D. Alicia Siebenaler Assistant Director Tepperman Senior Editor Jean-Michel Oriol Budget Manager Daniel Kurtz-Phelan Associate Editor Avery Alpha Special Assistant to the Vice President Stéphanie Giry Associate Editor and Director of Studies Christopher Farah Assistant Editor Meredith Angelson Research Associate Traci C. Nagle Production Editor Rosemary Hartman Assistant to the Editor Ann Hathaway AFRICA Coleman Assistant to the Managing Editor Princeton N. Lyman Ralph Bunche Senior Fellow Arissa Sidoti Editorial Assistant for Africa Policy Studies Cheryl Igiri Research Associate

82 staff

ASIA MIDDLE EAST Elizabeth C. Economy C.V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director Rachel Bronson Senior Fellow and Director, Middle East of Asia Studies and Gulf Studies Jerome A. Cohen Adjunct Senior Fellow Steven A. Cook Next Generation Fellow Eric Heginbotham Senior Fellow Judith Kipper Director, Middle East Forum Mahnaz Ispahani Senior Fellow Henry Siegman Senior Fellow and Director, Edward J. Lincoln Senior Fellow, Asia and Economic Studies U.S./Middle East Project Adam Segal Maurice R. Greenberg Senior Fellow Ray Takyeh Senior Fellow in China Studies Rachel Abramson Assistant Director, Middle East Studies R. Ashle Baxter Research Associate Jonathan Lincoln Senior Research Associate, Earl Carr Research Associate U.S./Middle East Project Mark Christopher Research Associate Gail Israelson Executive Assistant to the Director, Cobb Mixter Research Associate U.S./Middle East Project Kareem Idriss Research Associate CENTER FOR PREVENTIVE ACTION Caroline Nichols Research Associate, Middle East Forum William L. Nash General John W. Vessey Senior Fellow for Conflict Prevention and Director of the NATIONAL SECURITY Center for Preventive Action Richard K. Betts Adjunct Senior Fellow David L. Phillips Senior Fellow and Deputy Director Max Boot Senior Fellow, National Security Studies Amelia Branczik Research Associate Stephen E. Flynn Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow Maria Kristensen Research Associate for National Security Studies Bernard E. Trainor Adjunct Senior Fellow MAURICE R. GREENBERG CENTER FOR GEOECONOMIC STUDIES Ian Cornwall Research Associate Benn Steil Acting Director, Maurice R. Greenberg Center Jamie Fly Research Associate for Geoeconomic Studies, and Senior Fellow Marcio Siwi Research Associate Caroline Atkinson Adjunct Senior Fellow Jagdish N. Bhagwati Senior Fellow SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY David Braunschvig Bernard L. Schwartz Senior Fellow for Charles D. Ferguson II Fellow Business and Foreign Policy David G. Victor Adjunct Senior Fellow James P. Dougherty Adjunct Senior Fellow James Bergman Research Associate Peter B. Kenen Senior Fellow Roger M. Kubarych Henry Kaufman Adjunct Senior Fellow U.S. FOREIGN POLICY in International Economics and Finance Isobel Coleman Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy Gene B. Sperling Senior Fellow for Economic Policy and Lee Feinstein Senior Fellow, U.S. Foreign Policy Director of the Center on Universal Education Walter Russell Mead Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow Rekha Balu Associate Director, Center on in U.S. Foreign Policy Universal Education Sierra Burnett Research Associate Jeremy Bayer Assistant to the Director, Center Charles Edel Research Associate on Universal Education Bryan Gunderson Research Associate James Bergman Research Associate Daniel Keegan Research Associate Ian Cornwall Research Associate Tanya Finnell Research Associate VISITING FELLOWS, 2004–2005 Michael Punzalan Research Associate Colonel Ronald Bailey USMC Military Fellow Colonel Daniel M. EUROPE Gerstein USA Military Fellow Charles A. Kupchan Senior Fellow and Director of Europe Colonel Christopher E. Studies Haave USAF Military Fellow James M. Goldgeier Adjunct Senior Fellow Helima Luverne Croft Intelligence Fellow Stephen R. Sestanovich George F. Kennan Senior Fellow for Russian Mary Anne Weaver Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow and Eurasian Studies James Gavrilis International Affairs Fellow in Residence Elizabeth D. Lawrence Spinetta International Affairs Fellow in Residence Sherwood-Randall Adjunct Senior Fellow, Alliance Relations Christopher Angell Research Associate, Military Fellows Jamie Fly Research Associate Daniel Keegan Research Associate Rositsa Petrova Research Associate MEETINGS GLOBAL HEALTH Anne R. Luzzatto Vice President Nancy D. Bodurtha Deputy Director Laurie Garrett Senior Fellow for Global Health Anastasia Malacos David G. Victor Adjunct Senior Fellow La Follette Associate Director Michelle T. McMurry Adjunct Fellow Carolyn Jander Assistant Director Scott Rosenstein Research Associate Francesco Barbacci Program Coordinator LATIN AMERICA Siobhan R. Devine Program Associate Meaghan Mills Program Associate Julia E. Sweig Senior Fellow Monti Burnett Administrative Assistant/Database Amanda Raymond Research Associate Coordinator

83 staff

WASHINGTON PROGRAM Sigi Silvani Staff Accountant Linda Copeland Accounting Associate Nancy E. Roman Vice President and Director Vera Langley Accounting Associate Jacqueline Miller Deputy Director Russell Mardonov Accounting Associate Linda Harsh Associate Director, Washington Office Myrna Morris Accounts Payable Associate Kristy Celen Assistant to the Vice President and Director Alex Kang Accounting Assistant Lieutenant Colonel Manager of Communications Maria L. Carl (USAF Fellow) HUMAN RESOURCES Christine Zehender Events Manager Jan Mowder Hughes Director John Lawrence Associate Director for Corporate Affairs, Kerryn Kletter Associate Director Washington Program Nicolle Cestero Human Resources Generalist John Havens Program Coordinator Nita Colaço Interdepartmental Program Associate Sofia Mancheno Program Coordinator Whitney Kassel Interdepartmental Program Associate Alexis Martin Program Associate Joel Meyer Program Assistant Reception Cristy Lemperle Reception Supervisor CONGRESS AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY PR OGRAM Vera Ranola Receptionist Nancy E. Roman Director C. Daryl Edwards Assistant Director FACILITY OPERATIONS Michael Messmer Assistant Director Neftali Frank Alvarez Director Phil Falcon Associate Director Ian Noray Facility Services Manager NATIONAL PROGRAM AND ACADEMIC OUTREACH Santo Ine Alers Supervisor Irina A. Faskianos Vice President Angel Cordova Facility Operations and Events Assistant Vaishali Patel Program Associate Gilbert Falcon Evening Facility Operations Assistant Mason Beard Program Assistant Anthony Ramirez Facility Operations Assistant Jennifer Curtis Program Assistant Edwin Santiago Evening Facility Operations Assistant Jose Vargas Facility Operations Assistant Derek Velez Facility Operations Assistant CORPORATE AFFAIRS Lawrence White Facility Operations Assistant David Kellogg Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs, and Publisher Events Management Jacqui Selbst Schein Director, Corporate Affairs Mark Hudson Events Manager Kira Burns Associate Director Glen Goldman Audio Visual Technician Jana Gasn Assistant Director Alex Andrews Events Assistant Nancy Eyde Special Assistant to the Senior Vice LIBRARY AND RESEARCH SERVICES President, Corporate Affairs, and Publisher Jura Chung Corporate Affairs Associate Lilita V. Gusts Director and Secretary of the Corporation Tara Medeiros Corporate Affairs Associate Marcia L. Sprules Deputy Director Michelle Baute Reference and Documents Librarian John Lawrence Associate Director for Corporate Affairs, Connie M. Stagnaro Research Intranet and Archives Coordinator Washington Program Ming Er Qiu Technical Services Coordinator Christine Quinn Library Assistant Barbara K. Miller Consulting Archivist MEMBERSHIP AND FELLOWSHIP AFFAIRS Elise Carlson Lewis Vice President and Director INFORMATION SERVICES Bessie Skoures Deputy Director, Term Member Program Charles Day Director Katie Baldwin Program Associate Deepak Trivedi Deputy Director Aysha Ghadiali Program Associate Richard Wawzycki Associate Director, Information Services, Adrienne Harrold Program Associate and Manager, Website Administration Nicole Bruno Program Assistant Albert Andrade Senior Help Desk Technician Alice McLoughlin Assistant to the Director and Data Entry Specialist ADMINISTRATION Virginia Rolston Parrott Training and Documentation Specialist Janice L. Murray Senior Vice President and Treasurer Chris O. Sierra LAN Administrator

DEVELOPMENT SPECIAL EVENTS Betty Kurdys Director of Annual and Planned Giving Sabeen Ali Foundations Coordinator Valerie Post Director Lena Moy Program Associate Amanda Roman Assistant Director Kathryn Hannan Special Events Assistant FINANCE Peter Tyndale Director J. Joseph Maldonado Accounting Manager Note: Staff shown as of August 2004.

84 MEMBERSHIP

The Council is a national membership organization with members ment in a timely manner. Candidates and/or their nominators are divided almost equally among New York City, Washington, DC, responsible for securing seconding letters within the guidelines set and the rest of the country, plus those living overseas. The Council forth below. Council members are advised to commit themselves to relies on its members for their active engagement, substantive con- supporting a candidacy only when they can meet the requirements tributions and support, and counts on its members to identify and of the process and the expectations of the candidates who depend propose qualified prospects for membership. Membership devel- on them for assistance. Please also note: opment efforts are focused on identifying potential Council mem- Council membership is restricted to citizens of the United States bers from various professions, geographic areas, and racial and • or permanent residents of the United States who have made ethnic groups, as well as on finding qualified female candidates. application to become citizens. • Members of the Council’s Board of Directors, Membership Com- MEMBERSHIP SELECTION PROCEDURES mittee, and Term Membership Committee are precluded from New members are named twice a year by the Board of Directors, nominating, seconding, or writing supporting letters on any which invites selected men and women to join based on the recom- candidate’s behalf. mendations of the Membership Committee. The committee, which • A member who is a spouse, close relative (such as a parent, sib- meets twice a year, is composed of five members of the Board and ling, cousin, etc.), or near in-law of a candidate may not for- other non-Board members that the committee chair appoints. To be mally propose or second that candidate for membership in the considered by the Membership Committee, candidates must be Council. Members should also refrain from writing on behalf of nominated for membership by a current Council member and sec- clients. onded by three other individuals. The roster of members is listed at • Members should write only in support of candidates of whom the end of this annual report. they have direct personal knowledge. Additionally, members are At every meeting, the Membership Committee considers signif- encouraged where appropriate to make comparative judgments icantly more candidates than there are vacancies; therefore it is amongst candidates and their peers. The committee also advises inevitable that some individuals will not be recommended for members to write no more than two letters per round (either one election even though they may be judged by some to be strong nominating and one seconding letter, or two seconding letters). candidates. NOMINATING LETTERS TERM MEMBERSHIP Letters nominating a candidate for consideration by the Member- To reach out to the next generation of leaders, the Board has estab- ship Committee should be no more than 500 words in length. lished a separate Term Membership Committee. This committee Please address the following criteria, which have always been basic meets annually to evaluate candidates between the ages of 30 and to the committee’s consideration of membership candidates: 36 for consideration as five-year term members of the Council. The selection process for term membership is nearly identical to, • Intellectual attainment and expertise; although separate from, that for life members. The number of • Degree of experience, interest, and current involvement in inter- term members may constitute up to 15 percent of the total Coun- national affairs or in other areas affecting international affairs; cil membership. • Promise of future achievement and service in foreign relations; • Potential contributions to the Council’s work; BECOMING A MEMBER • Desire and ability to participate in Council activities; and Every candidate for life membership must be formally nominated • Standing among his or her peers. in writing by one member and seconded by a minimum of three other individuals. To be considered for term membership, candi- SECONDING LETTERS dates must be nominated by one member and seconded by two Seconding letters need not be as comprehensive (and should be no other individuals. The seconding letters need not be from Council more than 300 words in length) but should amplify why, in the members, but letters from members are strongly encouraged. It is opinion of the writer, a given candidate should be considered for recommended that at least one letter from a current or former pro- Council membership by addressing the above criteria or by pro- fessional colleague be included. All candidates must complete a viding other relevant information. nominee information form, which can be obtained from the Mem- All membership nominating and seconding letters should be bership Department, and provide a curriculum vitae or chronolog- e-mailed as text or Microsoft Word documents to [email protected]. ical resume. If foreign-born, the candidate must submit a statement that he or she has been naturalized or is a permanent resident who DEADLINES has made formal application for citizenship. All materials should Strict observance of deadlines is essential to staff support of the be sent electronically to [email protected]. Membership Committee’s work. The preparation of individual mem- bership files for submission to the Membership Committee is a con- RULES AND REGULATIONS tinuing process. Candidates whose files are not completed in time for A candidate’s nominator bears the chief responsibility for ensuring any given meeting of the committee have their files carried forward, that filing deadlines for a candidacy are met and that all required without prejudice, to the subsequent meeting, but are considered documents are submitted to the Council’s Membership Depart- then only if completed.

85 membership

LIFE MEMBERSHIP PROFILE OF THE MEMBERSHIP The deadlines for receipt of all materials for the two yearly meetings of the Membership Committee to consider life membership candi- Number Percentage dates are September 15 and March 1. of Members of Membership Location TERM MEMBERSHIP New York Area 1,386 33 The deadline for receipt of all materials for the annual meeting of Washington, DC, Area 1,335 31 the Membership Committee to consider term membership candi- National (including overseas) 1,536 36 dates is November 1. Total 4,257 100

NOTIFICATION OF CANDIDATES Profession Candidates recommended by the Membership Committee and Business 1,324 31 elected by the Board are so notified, as are their nominators and Professors, Fellows, seconders. Candidates who are unsuccessful at any given meeting and Researchers 568 13 remain eligible for consideration at a subsequent meeting of the Nonprofit 832 20 committee, provided they submit an updated curriculum vitae and Government officials 525 12 secure at least one but no more than two additional letters of sup- Lawyers 346 8 port. If no new letters or materials are received, it will be assumed University and College that a candidate does not wish to be considered at the subsequent Administrators 286 7 meeting of the Membership Committee. If a candidate is not elected after two successive meetings at which he or she is consid- Journalists, Correspondents, ered, the application will be placed on hold for three years (one and Editors 249 6 year for term membership candidates), after which point the can- Other 127 3 didate may reactivate the file for consideration. Total 4,257 100

Contact for all membership matters and correspondence: Elise Carlson Lewis Vice President of Membership and Fellowship Affairs Council on Foreign Relations 58 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10021 Telephone: (212) 434-9400 • Fax: (212) 434-9801 E-mail: [email protected]

86 MEMBERSHIP

LIFE MEMBERSHIP PROFILE OF THE MEMBERSHIP The deadlines for receipt of all materials for the two yearly meetings of the Membership Committee to consider life membership candi­ Number Percentage dates are September 15 and March 1. of Members of Membership Location TERM MEMBERSHIP New York Area 1,386 33 The deadline for receipt of all materials for the annual meeting of Washington, DC, Area 1,335 31 the Membership Committee to consider term membership candi­ National (including overseas) 1,536 36 dates is November 1. Total 4,257 100

NOTIFICATION OF CANDIDATES Profession Candidates recommended by the Membership Committee and Business 1,324 31 elected by the Board are so notified, as are their nominators and Professors, Fellows, seconders. Candidates who are unsuccessful at any given meeting and Researchers 568 13 remain eligible for consideration at a subsequent meeting of the Nonprofit 832 20 committee, provided they submit an updated curriculum vitae and Government officials 525 12 secure at least one but no more than two additional letters of sup­ Lawyers 346 8 port. If no new letters or materials are received, it will be assumed that a candidate does not wish to be considered at the subsequent University and College meeting of the Membership Committee. If a candidate is not Administrators 286 7 elected after two successive meetings at which he or she is consid­ Journalists, Correspondents, ered, the application will be placed on hold for three years (one and Editors 249 6 year for term membership candidates), after which point the can­ Other 127 3 didate may reactivate the file for consideration. Total 4,257 100

Contact for all membership matters and correspondence: Elise Carlson Lewis Vice President of Membership and Fellowship Affairs Council on Foreign Relations 58 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10021 Telephone: (212) 434-9400 • Fax: (212) 434-9801 E-mail: [email protected]

MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Abrams, Elliott Ajami, Fouad Allen, Richard V Aaron, David L. Abshire, David M. Albright, Madeleine K. Allen, William L. Abbot, C. Spencer Aburdene, Odeh E Alderman, Michael H. Allison, Graham T. Abbot, Charles S. Ackerman, Peter Alderman, Peter Belmont Allison, Richard C. Abbott, Wilder K. Adams, Gordon M. Aldrich, George H. Almond, Michael A. Abboud, A. Robert Adams, Michael E Alexander, Margo N. Alonzo, Anne L. Abboud, Labeeb M. Adams, Robert McCormick Alexander, Robert J. Alpern, Alan N. Abdelal, Rawi Adelman, Carol C. Alford, William P Alter, Jonathan H. Abell, Keith W* Adelman, Kenneth L. Ali, Mustafa Javed Alter, Karen J. Abercrombie-Winstanley, Adler, Allen R. Allaire, Paul A. Alterman, JonB.* Gina Kay Aggarwal, Vinod K* Allan, Scott Hazzard Jr. Altman, Roger C. Abernethy Robert John Agnew, Harold M. AllbrittonJoeL. Altman, William C. Abizaid, John P* Agostinelli, Robert E Allen, J. Michael lilt Altshuler, David Aboelnaga Kanaan, Mona Ahearn, William Edward Allen, Jodie T. Alvarado, Donna Maria Abramowitz, Morton I. Aidinoff, M. Bernard Allen, Lew Jr. Alvarez, Jose E.

* Elected to membership in 2004. + Elected to five-year term membership in 2004.

86 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Alving, Amy E.* Awuah, Patrick G. Jr. Bartsch, David A. Berkowitz, Bruce D. Amador, Angelo I. Axelrod, Robert M. Basek, John T. Berman, Howard L. Amanat, Omar S.t Ayers, H. Brandt Bash, Jeremy B. Berman, John S.t Amerine, Jason L.t Ayres, Alyssa C. Basora, Adrian A. Berman, Jonathan E. Amos, Deborah Susan Azim, Khalid Bass, Peter E. Berman, Todd R. Amr, HadyA.t Bass, Warren Bernard, Kenneth W. Andelman, David A. B Bassolino, Francis Keith Berndt,John E. Andersen, Harold W Babbitt, Bruce Bates, Pamela M. Bernstein, David Scott Anderson, Craig B. Babbitt, Eileen E Batkin, Alan R. Bernstein, Peter W Anderson, Desaix Babbitt, Harriet C. Bator, Francis M. Bernstein, Robert L. Anderson, Edward G. Ill Bacchus, James L.* Battaglia, Charles C. Bernstein, Tom A. Anderson, Gloria B. Bacon, Kenneth H. Baumann, Carol Edler Berresford, Susan Vail Anderson, John B. BacotJ. Carter Baxter, Randolph Berrisjan Anderson, Lisa Bader, William B. Bayh, Birch Evans III* Berry, Elizabeth Clay Anderson, Mark A. Baer, Donald A. Bean, Frank D. Bersin, Alan D. Anderson, Paul E Baeza, Mario L. Bearg-Dyke, Nancy Bertini, Catherine Ann Anderson, Robert O. Bagley, Elizabeth Frawley Beattie, Richard 1. Bertsch, Gary K. Andreas, Dwayne O. Bains, Leslie E. Becherer, Hans W Beshar, Peter J. Andreas, Terry Lynn Baird, Peter W. Becker, Elizabeth H. Bessie, Simon Michael Andrews, David R. Baird, Zoe Beckler, David Z. Bestani, Robert M. Andrews, Michael A. Baker, Howard H. Jr. Bedrosian, Gregory R. Bestor, Theodore C. Angelson, Mark A.* Baker, James A. Ill Beeman, Richard E. Betts, Richard K. Ansour, M. Michael Baker, John R. Begel, Andrea D. Beutner, Austin M. Anthoine, Robert Baker, Nancy Kassebaum Behringer, Michael R Bewkes, Jeffrey Anthony, John Duke Baker, Pauline H. Beierle, Thomas C. Beyzavi, Kian Aossey, Nancy A. Baker, Stewart A. Beim, David O. Bhala, Raj Apgar, David P. Baker, Thurbert E. Beim, Nicholas E Bhatia, Karan K. Aponte, Mari Carmen Bakhash, Shaul Belfer, Robert A. Bialkin, Kenneth J. Appenteng, Kofi* Bakstansky, Peter Bell, Burwell B. Bialos, Jeffrey P. Appiah, Kwame Anthony Balaran, Paul Bell, Gordon R Bibbins Sedaca, Nicole M. Applebaum, Anne E.* Baldwin Moody, Carol Bell, Jonathan N. Bickford.Jewelle Apter, David E. Baldwin, David A. Bell, Joseph C. Biddle, George C. Arciniega, Tomas A. Baldwin, Robert Edward Bell, Mack Biegun, Stephen Edward* Arcos, Cresencio S. Baldwin, Sherman Bell, Peter Dexter Biel, Eric R. Arkin, Stanley S. Bales, Carter E Bell, Robert G. Biemann, Betsy Armacost, Michael H. Balick, Kenneth Bell, Ruth Greenspan Bienen, Henry S. Armstrong, Anne L. Baliles, Gerald L. Bell, Steve Bierley.John C. Armstrong, C. Michael Ballou-Aares, Daniellat Bell, Thomas D. Jr. Biersteker, Thomas J. Armstrong, John Alexander Jr. Band, Laurence M. Bell-Rose, Stephanie K. Biggs, John H. Armstrong, Lloyd Jr. Bandler, Donald K. Bellamy, Carol Billig, Michellet Arnhold, Henry H. Barber, Benjamin R. Bellinger, John B. Ill Bindenagel, James D. Arnold, Millard W. Barber, Charles E Bello, Judith H. Binger, James Henry Aron, Adam M. Barber, James Alden Bencke, Matthew J. Binkley, Nicholas Burns Aronson, Bernard W. Bardel, William G. Bender, Gerald J. Binnendijk, Hans Aronson, Jonathan David Barger, Teresa C. Benedict, Kennette M. Birdsall, Nancy Arsht, Adrienne Barkanjoel D. Benjamin. Esther T. Birenbaum, David E. Art, Robert J. Barkey, Henri J. Benmosche, Robert H. Birkelund,John R Arthurs, Alberta Barks-Ruggles, Erica Jean Bennet, Douglas J. Birnbaum, Eugene A. Artigiani, Carole Barnes, Harry G. Jr. Bennett, Andrew Owen Bishop, Sanford D. Jr. Asencio, Diego C. Barnes, Michael D. Bennett, Christina A. Bishop, William B.t Asmus, Ronald D. Barnet, Richard J. Bennett, Susan J. Bissell, Richard E. Assousa, George E. Barnett, E William Bensahcl. Nora J. Black, Cathleen R Atkins, Benjamin A. Barrett, Barbara McConnell Benshoof, Janet Black, Joseph E. Atkins, Betsy S. Barrett, John Adams Benson, Lucy Wilson Black, Leon D. AtwoodJ. Brian Barry, Grace Bereuter, Douglas K. Black, Shirley Temple Auer, James E. Barry, John L. Bergen, Margaret Black, Stanley Warren Auerbach, Stuart C. Barry, Lisa B. Bergen, Peter Lampert* Blacker, Coit D. Aufhauser, David D.* Barry, Nancy M. Berger, Joshua A. BlackwellJ. Kenneth Augustine, Norman R. Barry, Thomas Corcoran Berger, Marilyn Blackwill, Robert D. Auslin, Michael R.t Barshefsky, Charlene Berger, Samuel R. Blake, Robert O. Auspitz.Josiah Lee Bartholomew, Reginald Berger, Suzanne Blank, Stephen Ausubel, Jesse H. Bartlett, Joseph W Bergman, Lowell A.* Blechman, Barry M. Avedonjohn E Bartlett, TimothyJ. Bergsten, C. Fred Bleier, Edward Avery, John E. Bartok, Kirsten Leigh Berkley, Seth E* Blendon, Robert Jay

87 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Blinder, Alan S. Boylan, Delia M. Brown, Michael E. Caldwell, Dan Blinken, Alan John Bracken, Paul Brown, Phoebe W Caldwell, Philip Blinken, Antony J. Brademas,John Brown, Richard P Jr. Califano, Joseph A. Jr. Blinken, Donald Bradford, ZebB. Jr. Brown, Seyom Calkins, Samuel L.t Bliss, Katherine E.t Bradley, Bill Browne, Robert S. Callaghy Thomas M. Bloch, Julia Chang Bradley, William L. Browning, David S. Callander, Robert J. Bloom, Alyse Nelson Brady, Jacqueline V Bruce, Judith Callen, Michael A. Bloom, David A. Brady, Linda Parrish Bruemmer, Russell J. Calleo, David Patrick Bloom, Evan T. Brady, Nicholas E Brun, Leslie A.* Camner, Danielle D. Bloom, Mia M. Brady, Rose Bryan, Greyson L. Campbell, Carolyn Margaret Bloomberg, Michael R. Brainard, S. Lael Bryant, Michael E. Campbell, Colin G. Bloomfield, Lincoln E Bramwell, Elrzabeth R. Bryant, Ralph C. Campbell, David Arthur Bloomfield, RichardJ. Branch, Daniel H. Bryson,JohnE. Campbell, E Gregory Bloomgarden, Kathy Finn Branscomb, Lewis M. Brzezinski, Mark F Campbell, Kurt M. Blum, Richard C. Branson, Louise Brzezinski, Zbigniew Campbell, ThomasJ. Blumenthal, Sidney S. Brauchli, Marcus W. Buchman, Mark E. Campbell, William Blumenthal, W. Michael Braunschvig, David Buckberg, Elaine Cannella, Margaret Blumrosen, Alexander Bernel Brazeal, Aurelia E. Bueno de Mesquita, Brace Capehart, Jonathan Bob, Daniel E. Breck, Henry R. Buergenthal, Thomas Caperton, Gaston* Bobbitt, Philip Chase Breed, Henry Eltinge Bugliarello, George Cappello, Juan Carlos Bodansky Daniel M.* Bremer, L. Paul III Bullock, Mary Brown Caputo, David A. Bode, Ken A. Breslauer, George William Bumpas, Stuart Maryman Caputo, Lisa M. Bodea, Andy S. Bresnan,JohnJ. Bunzel, Jeffrey H. Carbonell, Nestor T. Boelhouwer, Pieter James Brewer, John D. Burand, Deborah K. Carey, John Alexander Breyer, Chloe A. Burgess, John A. Carey Sarah C. Bogert, Carroll R. Breyer, Stephen G. Burke, James E. Carey William Polk* Bohen, Frederick M. Bridgett, Sundaa Ayo Burkhalter, Holly J. Carl, Maria L.t Bohlen, Avis T. Briger, Peter L. Jr.* Burnett, Christina Duffy Carlos, Manuel Luis Bohnjohn A. Brigety Reuben E. II Burnley, James H. IV Carlson, Scott A. Boiling, Landrum R. Brimmer, Andrew F Burns, Patrick Owen Carlucci, Frank C. Bollinger, Lee C. Brimmer, Esther Diane Burns, R. Nicholas Carmel, David A. Bolton, John R. Brinkley Douglas G. Burns, William F Carmichael, William D. Bond, George Clement Britt, David VB. Burns, William J. Camesale, Albert Bond, Robert D. Britt, Glenn A. Burrows, Mathew Carothers, Thomas Bondurant, Amy L. Britton, Dennis A. Burt, Richard R. Carpenter, Ted Galen Bonime-Blanc, Andrea Broad, Robin Burton, Daniel FJr. Carr, John W BonneyJ. Dennis Broadman, Harry G. Bush, Jonathan S.+ Carrington, Walter C. Boot, Max Brock, Steven V Bush, Mary K* Carroll, J. Speed Booth, Brace L.Jr.t Broda, Frederick C. Bushner, Rolland H. Carroll, Katherine Mooney Booth, Carter Brodsky, William J. Busseyjohn C. Carruth, Reba Anne Boren, David L. Brody Christopher W. Butler, Samuel C. Carson, Charles William Jr. Borgen, Christopher J. Brody Kenneth D. Butler, William J. Carswell, Robert Borio, Luciana L. Brokaw, Tom Buultjens, Ralph Carter, Ashton B. Bork, Ellen Bromley, D. Allan Buxbaum, Richard M. Carter, Barry E. Boschwitz, Rudy Bronfman, Edgar M. Buyske, Gail Carter, Hodding III Bosco, David Lyndon Bronner, Ethan S. Byman, Daniel L. Carter, James Earl Bosworth, Stephen W. Brookins, Carole L. Byrd, KahlilJ.t Carter, James H. BottsJohnC. Brooks, Karen B. Byrne, Patrick M. Carter, Mark Andrew Bouckaert, Peter N. Brooks, Risa A. Carter, Marshall Nichols Boufford.Jo Ivey Brooks, Rosa Ehrenreich Casebeer, William David Bouis, Antonina W. Brower, Charles N. Casper, Gerhard Brown, Alice L. Cabot, Louis W Cassel, Douglass W Jr. Boulware-Miller, Kay Cabranes,Jose A. Bouton, Marshall M. Brown, Bartram S. Cattaralla, Elliot R. Brown, C. Michael Caceres, Diane Alleva Catto, Henry E. Bovin, Denis A. Caesar, Camille M. Bowen, William G. Brown, Carroll Caufield, Frank J. Brown, Frederic J. Cagle, Martha Caulfield, Matthew P Bower, Joseph Lyon Cahill, Kevin M. Bower, Whitney A. Brown, Gwendolyn A. Cavanagh, Richard Edward Brown, Harold Cahn, Anne Hessing Cavanaugh, Carey Bowie, Robert R. Calabra, Dawn T. Bowker, David William Brown, Katherine A.* Cave, Ray Charles Brown, Kathleen Calabia, F Christopher Cebrowski, Arthur Karl Bowles, Erskine B. Calabresi, Massimo Boyd, Charles Graham Brown, L. Carl Celeste, Richard F Brown, Lester R. Calder, Kent Eyring Cerjan, Paul G. Boyer, Spencer Phipps Caldera, Louis E.

' Elected to membership in 2004. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2004.

88 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Cha, Victor D. Clark, Wesley K. Conley, Dalton Cullum, Lee Chace, James C. Clark, William Jr. Connelly, Matthew James dimming, Alfred Chacho, Tania Marie Clarke, Donald C. Conners Petersen, Leila Anne dimming, Christine M. Chadda, Maya Clarke, Jack G. Connolly, Gerald E. Cummings, Alexander B. Jr.* Challenor, Herschelle S. Clarke, Teresa Hillary Connor, John T. Jr. Cuneo, Donald Chambers, Anne Cox Clarkson, Lawrence W Considinejill M. Cunningham, James B. Chamoun, Walid George Claussen, Eileen B. Constable, Pamela Cunningham, Nelson W Chan, Gerald L. Clement, Peter A. Conway, Jill Curley Walter J.R Jr. Chan, Ronnie C. Clemetson, Lynette Cook, Frances D. Curran, R. T. Chandrasekaran, Rajiv A.t Cleveland, Harlan Cook, Gary M. Currie, Kelley E. Chang, David C. Cleveland, Peter Matthews Cooke, Goodwin Curtis, Charles B. Chang, Gareth C.C. Clifford, Donald K. Jr. Cooke, John E Curtis, Gerald L. Chang, Joyce* Cline, William R. Cooley, Alexander Anthony Cutler, Lloyd N. Chang, Juju* Clinger, William E Jr. Coombe, George William Jr. Cutler, Walter L. Chanin, Clifford Clinton, William Jefferson Coombs, Philip H. Cutshaw, Kenneth A. Chanis, Jonathan A. Cloherty, Patricia M, Coon, Jane Abell Cutter, Ana Grier Chao, Amy L.+ Cloonan, Edward T. Cooneyjoan Ganz Cutter, W Bowman Chao, Elaine L. Clough, Michael Cooper, Charles A. Cyr, Arthur I. Charles, Cory Coatsworthjohn H. Cooper, J amesH.S. Charles, Robert Bruce Cobb, Charles E. Jr. Cooper, John Milton Jr. Charnovitz, Steve Cobb, Sue M. Cooper, Kathleen B. DAmato, Alfonse M. Charpie, Robert A. Cobb, Tyrus W Cooper, Kerry Daalder, Ivo H. Chartener, Robert Cochran, Barbara S. Cooper, Laura K. Dabelko, Geoffrey D. Chase, Anthony R. Coffey, C. Shelby III Cooper, Richard N. Dady Teresa Gail Chatterjee, Purnendu Coffey, Joseph I. Cooper, Scott A. Dahm, Evelyn Pignatari Chaves, Robert J. Coffman, Vance Corbet, Kathleen A. Dailey, Brian D. Chavez, Linda Cogan, Charles G.* Corcoran, Carole A.* Dal Bello, Michael A.t Chavira, Ricardo Cogan, Jacob Katzt Cornelius, Wayne A. Dale, Helle Chayes, Antonia Handler Cohen, Abby Joseph Cornell, Henry Dale, William B. Checki, TerrenceJ. Cohen, Ariel Cortez, Christopher* Daley, William M. Chen, John S. Cohen, Benjamin J. Cott, Suzanne Dallara, Charles H. Chen, Kimball C. Cohen, Betsy Cotter, William R. Dailey. George Albert Chenault, Kenneth I. Cohen, Eliot A. Couric, Katherine A.* Dallmeyer, Dorinda G. Cheney, Richard B. Cohen, Herman J. Courtney, William Dalton, James E. Cheney, Stephen A. Cohen, Jerome Alan Cousens, Elizabeth M. Dam, Kenneth W Cherian, Saj Cohen, Joel E. CoveyJock Dam, Marcia Wachs Cherry, Pedro R Cohen, Paul H. Cowal, Sally Grooms Damrosch, Lori Fisler Cheston, Sheila C. Cohen, Richard M. Cowan, Geoffrey Dancyjohn A.G. Chichester, Mark H.t Cohen, Roberta Jane Cowan, L. Gray Danforth, William H. Chickering, A. Lawrence Cohen, Shelley H.t Cowhey, Peter E Daniel, D. Ronald Choi, Audrey Cohen, Stephen Bruce Cox, Edward E Daniel, Donald C.E Choi, Stephen J. Cohen, Stephen E Cox, Howard E. Jr. Danin, Robert M. Chollet, Derek H Cohen, Stephen S. Crahan, Margaret E. Danner, Mark D. Cholmondeley, Paula HJ. Cohen, Warren I. Craner, Lome W DaSilva, Russell J. Chomiak, Theodora Cohen, William S. Crawford, John E David, Jack Colagiuri, Elizabeth L. Crawford, Timothy W Davidson, Ralph K. Bohachevsky Colby.Jonathan E. Crebo-Rediker, Heidi E. Davidson, Ralph Parsons Choucri, Nazli Cole.JohnnettaB. Creekmore, Marion V Jr. Davis, Christina L. Christensen, Aimee R. Cole, Jonathan R. Crichton, Kyle Davis, Florence A. Christensen, Guillermo Cole, Thomas Winston Jr. Crile, George III Davis, Jacquelyn K. Santiago Coleman, Isobel Crippcn, Dan L. Davis, Jerome Christensen, Thomas J. Coleman, Lewis W Crittenden, Ann Davis, Kathryn W. Christianson, Geryld B. Coleman, William T. Jr. Crocker, Chester A. Davis, Kim Gordon Christie, Ronald lrvin Coles, Julius E. Cromwell, Adelaide McGuinn Davis, Lynn E. Christman, Daniel William Coll, Alberto R. Cross, Devon G. Davis, Nathaniel Christopher, Warren Collins,JosephJ. Cross, June V Davis, Stephen B.* Churchill, Buntzie Ellis Collins, Mark M. Jr. Cross, Mar)' S. Davison, Kristina Perkin Cirincione, Joseph Collins, Timothy C* Cross, Sam Y. Davison, W Phillips Clapp, Priscilla A. Comstock, Philip E. Jr. Cross, Theodore Dawisha, Karen Lea Clarida, Richard H. Conaton, Erin C. Crossette, Barbara Dawkins, Peter M. Clark, Dick Concepcion, Gina Celcis Crowe, William J. Dawson Carr, Marion M. Clark, J. H. Cullum Conde, Cesar R. Crowley, Monica Elizabeth Dawson, Christine L. Clark, Mark Edmond Condit, Philip M. Crown, Lester Dawson, Horace G. Jr. Clark, Noreen M. Cone, Sydney M. Ill Crystal, Lester M. Day, Arthur R. Clark, Vernon E.

89 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Days, Drew Saunders III Diebold,John Duelfer, Charles A. Eisenbeis, Keri de Borchgrave, Arnaud Diehl, Jackson K. Duersten, Althea L. Eisendrath, Charles R. dejanosi, Peter E. Dilenschneider, Robert L. Duffey Joseph D. Eizenstat, Stuart E. de la Garza, Rodollo O. DiMartino, Rita Duffie, David A. Elden, Richard de Menil, George Dimon, James Duffy, Gloria Charmian Elder, Christine A. de Menil, Lois Pattison Dine, Thomas A. Duffy, James H. Elliott, Dorinda de Rothschild, Lynn Forester Dinerstein, Robert C. Duke, Robin Chandler Elliott, Inger McCabe de Swaan, Jean-Christophe Dinkins, David N. Dulany Peggy Elliott, Osborn de Vries, Rimmer DiPerna, Paula Dunbar, Charles E Ellis, James Reed De, Rajesht Distlerath, Linda M. Duncan, Charles William Jr. Ellis, Mark S. Deagle, Edwin A. Jr. Diuk, Nadia Duncan, Graham A. Ellis, Patricia Dean, Jonathan Djerejian, Edward E Duncan, John C. Ellis, Rodney Dean, Robert W Djerejian, Gregory Duncan, Miranda Margaret* Ellison, Keith Paty Dear, Alice M. Dobbins, James E* Dunigan, Patrick Andrew Ellsberg, Daniel Debevoise, Eli Whitney II Dobriansky Paula J. Dunkerley Craig G. Ellsworth, Robert E Debs, Barbara Knowles Doctoroff, Daniel L. Dunlop,JoanB. Elson, Edward E. Debs, Richard A. Dodd, Christopher J. Dunn, Kempton Ely-Raphel, Nancy Halliday DeBusk, E Amanda Doebele, Justin W Dunn, Lewis A. Embree, Ainslie T. DeCrane, Alfred C. Jr. Doerge, DavidJ. Dunn, Michael M. Emerson, John B. Decyk, RoxanneJ. Doi, Ayako Dur, Philip A. Enders, Barbara Pillsburyt Dedrick, Fred T. Doley Harold E. Jr. Durkin, Patrick J. Ensor, David B. Deffenbaugh, Ralston H. Jr. Dominguez, Jorge 1. Dutton, Frederick G. Epstein, Barbara DeGioiaJohnJ. Donahue, Thomas R. Dworkin, Douglas A. Epstein, Jason Deibel, Terry L. Donaldson, Robert H. Dyson, Esther Epstein, Jeffrey Del Rosso, StephenJ. Donaldson, William H. Epstein, Joshua M. Deming, Rust Macpherson Dona tich, John E. Erb, Guy E Dempsey Jason K.t Donehoo, Stephen C* Eagleburger, Lawrence S. Erb, Richard D. Deng, Francis M.* Donfried, Karen Erika Earle, Ralph II Erbsen, Claude E. Denham, Robert E. Donilon, Thomas E. East, Maurice A. Erburu, Robert E Denison, Robert J. Donnellan, April Kanne Easterly, Jennie M. Ercklentz, Alexander T. Dennis, Everette E. Donohue, Douglas S. Eastman, John Lindner Erdmann, Andrew RN. Denny, Brewster C. Donohue, Laura K. Eastman, Michael R. Erskine, Matthew Scott Denoon, David B.H. Donohue, Thomas J. Sr.* Easum, Donald B. Esfandiari, Haleh Denton, Hazel Doran, Charles E Eberhart, Ralph E. Eskin, Blake D. Denton, James S. Dormandy Xenia B.M. Eberle, William D. Esserman, Susan G. DePoy Phil E. Dorsen, Norman Eberstadt, Nicholas Estabrook, Robert H. Dergham, Raghida Dory Amanda Jean* Echols, Marsha A. Esty, Daniel C. Deri, Christopher Alan Doty Paul M. Jr. Economy, Elizabeth C. Etzioni, Amitai Derian, Patricia Murphy Dougan, Diana Lady Ecton, Donna R. Evans, Gail H. Derr, Kenneth T. Dougherty, James P Eddleman, Linda Hiniker Evans, Harold M. Derrick, James V Jr. Douglass, Loren Eddy, Randolph P III Derryck, Vivian Lowery Douglass, Robert R. Edelman, Gerald M. Desai, Padma Dowling, John Nicholas Edelman, Marian Wright Fabian, Larry L. Desai, Rohit M. Doyle, Michael W. Edelman, Richard Winston Factor, Elizabeth DeShazer, MacArthur Draper, William H. Ill Edelstein, Julius C.C. Factor, Mallory DeSouza, Patrick J. Drayton, William Edington, Mark D.W. Fairbanks, Richard Despres, Gina H. Dreier, David Edley Christopher Jr. Fairman, David M.* Destler, I. M. Drell, Sidney D. Edwards, George C. Ill Falco, Mathea Deutch,John Drew, Elizabeth Edwards, Howard Falcoff, Mark Deutch, Shelley Dreyfuss.Joel Edwards, Mickey Falk, Pamela S. DeVecchi, Robert P Drezner, Daniel W Edwards, Robert H. Falk, Richard A. Devine, C. Maury Drimmer, Jonathan Edwards, Robert H. Jr. Fallon, Robert E. Devine, John J. Drobnick, Richard Lee Edwards, Tamala Fallows, James Devine, Thomas J. Drozdiak, William M. Effron, Blair Fanton, Jonathan Foster DeYoung, Karen J. Drucker,Joy E. Efros, Laura L.* FaraonJ. Rodney Diamond, Michael W. Drucker, Richard A. Eggers, Thomas E. Farer, Tom J. Diaz, Charley L. Druyan, Ann Eichengreen, BarryJ. Farkas, Evelyn N. Dickey, Christopher Dryden, Ray N. Jr.* Eikenberry Karl Farley, Maggie M. Dickinson, Laura A. Duberstein, Kenneth M. Eilts, Hermann Frederick Farman-Farmaian, Elizabeth Dicks, Norman D. Dubin, Seth H. Einaudi, Luigi R. Worley Dickson-Horton, Valerie L. DuBrul, Stephen M. Jr. Einhorn, Jessica P Farmer, Thomas L. Didionjoan Duckenfield, David Adams Einhorn, Robert J. Farnsworth, Eric P

* Elected to membership in 2004. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2004.

90 M E M B E RS H IP ROSTER

Farrarjay C. Fitts, Sarah A.W. Fredericks, Wayne Gannon, John C. Farrar, Stephen Prescott Fitz-Pegado, Lauri J. Fredman, Jonathan M. Ganoe, Charles S. Faskianos, Irina A. FitzGerald, Frances Freedman, Alix M.* Gantcher, Nathan Fawaz, Leila Fitzgibbons, Harold E. Freeman, Bennett Garcia, Marlen Fazal, Tanisha M. Fitzgibbons, John B.t Freeman, Constance J. Garcia-Passalacqua, Juan M. Feigenbaum, Evan A.* Flaherty, Pamela Freeman, Harry L. Gard, Robert G. Jr. Feinberg, Richard E. Flaherty, Peter Freidheim, Cyrus E Gardels, Nathan E Feiner, Ava S. Flake, L. Gordon Freidheim, Stephen C* Gardner, Anthony Laurence Feingold, Catherine Lynne Flanagan, StephenJ, Freimuth, Ladeene A. Gardner, James A. Feinstein, Dianne Flanders, Stephanie Frelinghuysen, Peter H.B. Gardner, Nina Luzzatto Feinstein, Lee Flanigan, Peter M. Frey, Donald N. Gardner, Richard N. Feissel, Gustave Fleischmann, Alan H. Frey, Howard A.t Garment, Leonard Feist, Samuel H. Flom, Joseph H. Freyer, Dana H. Garment, Suzanne R. Feith, DouglasJ. Flournoy Michele A. Freytag, Richard A. Garnett, Sherman Feldman, Daniel E Flynn, George J. Fribourg, Paul J. Garrett, Johnson Feldman, Mark B. Flynn, Stephen E. Fried, Edward R. Garten, Jeffrey E. Feldman, Noah R. Fn'Piere, Patrick John Friedberg, Aaron Louis Garthoff, Raymond L. Feldman, Sandra Fogleman, Ronald R. Friedman, Alexander Stephen Garwin, Richard L. Feldstein, Martin S. Foglesong, Robert H. Friedman, Bart Gaston, Patricia E. Fenzel, Michael R. Foley, S. Robert Jr. Friedman, Benjamin M. Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Ferguson, Charles H. Foley, Thomas S. Friedman, ElisabethJ. Gates, Philomene A. Ferguson, James L. Folsom, George A. Friedman, Fredrica S. Gates, Robert M. Ferguson, Roger W. Jr.* Fontaine, Richard H. Jr.t Friedman, Jordana D. Gati, Charles Ferguson, Tim W. Fonts, Carlos E. Friedman, Stephen Gati, Toby Trister Fernandes, Anthony C. Foote, Edward T. 11 Friedman, StephenJ. Gaudiani, Claire L. Fernandez, Jose W. Foote, William Fulbright Friedman, Thomas L. Cause, E Gregory III Ferrari, Frank E. Forbes, Kristin J. t Frieman, Wendy Gavin, Michelle D. Ferraro, Geraldine A. Ford, Gerald R. Friend, Theodore W Gay, Catherine Ferrazzi, Keith Edward Ford, Paul B. Jr. Frist, William H. Gayle, Helene D. Ferre, Antonio Luis Fore, Henrietta Holsman Froman, Michael B.G. Gedmin, Jeffrey Ferre, Helen Aguirre Forman, Shepard L. Fromkin, David Geertz, Clifford Ferre, Maurice A. Forrest, Michelle R. Fromm, Joseph Geier, Philip O. Fesharaki, Fereidun Forrester, Jason William Frost, Ellen L. Geithner, Peter E Fessenden, Hart Forstmann, Theodore J. Fry, Earl H. Geithner, Timothy E Fessenden, Helen Forsythe, Rosemarie Frye, Alton Gelb, Bruce S. Fiedler, Jeffrey L. Fortna, V Page Fudge, Ann M. Gelb, Leslie H. Fields, Bertram H. Fosler, Gail D. Fuerth, Leon S. Gell-Mann, Murray Fields, Craig I. Foss, Michelle Michot Fukushima, Glen S. Gellert, Michael E. Fife, Eugene V Foster, Brenda Lei Fukuyama, Francis Gellman, Barton Figueroa Kiipcu, Maria C. Foster, Charles C. Fuld, RichardS. Jr. Gelpern, Anna Filippone, Desiree Geneva Foster, Richard N. Fuller, Jacquelline Cobb George, Robert P Filippone, RobertJ. Fourquet,Jose A. Fuller, Kathryn S. Georgescu, Peter Andrew Finberg, Barbara D. Fowler, Jeffrey L. Fuller, William E Gephardt, Richard A. Findakly, Hani K. Fowler, Wyche Jr. Fung, Mark T. Gerber, Burton L. Finel, Bernard I. Fox, Daniel M. Fung, Victor K. Gerber, Louis Finelli, Francis A.* Fox, Donald T. Furlaud, Richard M. Gergen, David R. Finger, Seymour Maxwell Fox, Eleanor M. Furman, Gail Gerhart, Gail M. Finkelstein, Lawrence S. Fox, Joseph Carrere Futter, Ellen V Germain, Adrienne Finley Sonya L. Fox, Merritt Baker* Gerschel, Patrick A. Finn, Edwin A. Jr. Fraga Neto, Arminio G Gershman, Carl Samuel Finnemore, Martha Franck, Thomas M. Gaddis, John Lewis Gerson, Allan Finney, Paul B. Francke, Albert Gadiesh, Orit B. Gerson, Elliot E Firestone, Charles M. Frank, Andrew D. Gadsden, Amy Epstein Gerson, Ralph J. Firmage, Edwin B. Frank, Brian L. Gaer, Felice D. Gerstner, Louis V Jr. Fischbach, Gerald D. Frank, Charles R. Jr. Gaines, James R. Getler, Michael Fischer, Betsyt Frank, Isaiah Galbraith, Evan G. Gewirtz, Paul David Fischer, Stanley Frank, Richard A. Galbraith, Peter W. Geyer, Georgie Anne Fisher, Julie Ann Frankel, Francine R. Gallagher, Lacey Wingham Gfoeller, Joachim Jr. Fisher, Peter R. Frankel, Jeffrey A. Gallucci, Robert L. Gfoeller, Michael Fisher, Richard W. Franklin, Barbara Hackman Galper, Joshua P Gfoeller, Tatiana C. Fisher, Roger Franklin, William Emery Galvis, Sandra Ghiglione, Loren Fishlow, Albert Fravel, M. Taylorf Galvis, Sergio J. Gholz, Charles Eugene Fisk, Daniel W Frazier, Kenneth C. Ganguly, Sumit Giacomo, Carol Ann Fitchett, Mercedes Carmela Frazier, Myra M. Gann, Pamela B. Gibbons, John Howard

91 MEMBERSH IP ROSTER

Gibney, Frank B. Goodman, Andrea Pierce Greenway Hugh D.S. Halle, Claus M. Giffen, James Henry Goodman, GeorgeJ.W Gregg, Donald E Halfingby, Paul Jr. Giffin, Gordon D. Goodman, Herbert I. Gregg, Heather S.t Halper, James D. Gilbert, Jackson B. Goodman, John B. Gregorian, Vartan Halperin, David R. Gilbert, Steven J. Goodman, Roy M. Gregson, Wallace C. Jr. Halperin, Morton H. Gill, Bates Goodman, Sherri W Griego, Linda Halsted, Thomas A. Gillette, Michael James Goodpaster, Andrew J. Griffiths, Phillip A. Haltzel, Michael H. Gilmore, James S. Ill Gordon, Albert H. Grikscheit, Alyssa A. Hamburg, David A. Gilmore, Richard Gordon, John A. Grimes, Joseph Anthony Jr. Hamburg, Margaret Ann Gilpin, Robert G. Jr. Gordon, Lincoln Grissom, Janet Muffins Hamel, Michael A. Gingrich, Newton L. Gordon, Michael R. Grondine, Robert E Hamilton, Ann O. Ginsberg, Gary L. Gordon, Philip H. Grose, Peter Hamilton, Charles V Ginsberg, Marc Charles Gordon-Reed, Annette Gross, Martin J. Hamilton, Daniel Ginsburg, David Gorelick, Jamie S. Gross, Patrick W. Hamilton, Edward K. Ginsburg,Jane C. Gorman, Joseph T. Grove, Brandon Hamilton, Hugh Gerard Jr. Ginsburg, Ruth Bader Gorsuch, Neil M.t Grove, Paul C. Hamilton, John Maxwell* Ginsburg, Thomas B. Goss, Porter J. Grover, Katherine SyeT Hamilton, Lee H. Givhan, Walter D.* Gotbaum, Victor Groves, Ray J. Hamilton, Ruth Simms Glaser, Bonnie S. Gottemoeller, Rose E. Grunwald, Henry A. Hammond-Chambers, Glauber, Robert R. Gottfried, Kurt Guerra-Mondragon, Gabriel Rupert J. t Glennon, MichaelJ. Gottlieb, Gidon A.G. Guilmartin, Eugenia Katherine Hammonds, D. Holly Gleysteen, Peter Gottlieb, Stuart Gund, Agnes Hamre.JohnJ. Globerman, Norma Gottsegen, Peter M. Gundlach, Andrew S. Hanauer, Larry Glover Weiss, Juleanna Ruth Gould, Peter G. Gupta, Sanjay K. Hancock, Ellen Gluck, Carol Gourevitch, Peter A. Gupte, Pranay Hand, Lloyd N. Gluck, Frederick W. Gourevitch, Philip Gustavson, Celine Stephanie Hand, Scott M. Godchaux, Frank A. Ill Grace, Lola Nashashibi Gutfreundjohn H. Handelman, Stephen Goeltz, Richard K. Graff, Henry Franklin Guth, John H.J. Hansell, Herbert J. Goheen, Robert E Graff, Robert D. Guthman, Edwin 0. Hansen, Carol Rae Goins, Charlynn Graham, Bob Gvosdev, Nikolas K. Hanson, Carl Thor Goldberg, Michael E. Graham, Carol Lee Gwertzman, Bernard M. Hantz, Giselle P. Goldberg, Ronnie L. Graham, Thomas Jr. Gwin, Catherine Hantzopoulos, Evie Goldberger, Bruce N. Graham, Thomas W. Harari, Maurice Goldberger, Marvin L. Granoff, Michael D. H Hardin, Edward J. Golden, James R. Grant, Stephen A. Ha, Joseph M. Hardin, Katherine Anderson Golden, William T. Graubard, Stephen Richards Haaland, Lynn E. Harding, Deborah A. Golden-Vazquez, Abigail Gray, Hanna Holborn Haas, Mimi L. Harding, Harry GoldHeld, Harold E* Greathead, R. Scott Haas, Peter E. HardtJohnE Goldgeier, James M. Greco, Richard Jr. Haas, Robert D. Hargrove, John Lawrence Goldin, Harrison J. Green, Carl J. Haass, Richard N. Harman, Jane Goldin, Matthew N. Green, Ernest G. Habsburg, Inmaculada Harman, Sidney Goldman, Charles N. Green, Jerrold D. Hachigian, Nina L.* Harmon, James A. Goldman, Guido Green, MichaelJ. Hackett, Craig D. Harms, Blaire M. Goldman, Marshall I. Greenawalt, Alexander Kent Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck Harpel, James W. Goldman, Merle D. Anton Hadley, Stephen J. Harper, Conrad K. Goldman, Neal D.t Greenberg, Arthur N. Hafner, Joseph A. Jr. Harrington, Maureen Ann Goldmark, Peter C. Jr. Greenberg, Evan G. Hagel, Chuck Harris, David A. Goldschmidt, Neil Greenberg, Glenn H. Hagen, Katherine A. Harris, Jay T. Goldsmith, Barbara Greenberg, Jeffrey W Haggard, Stephan Harris, Joseph E. Goldsmith, Jack Landman III Greenberg, Karen J. Hahn, Keith D. Harris, Katherine Goldsmith, Robert S. Greenberg, Lawrence Scott Haider, D. Blaket Harris, Martha Caldwell Goldsmith, Russell D.* Greenberg, Lisa Haig, Alexander M. Jr. Harrison, Hope M. Goldstein, Gordon Greenberg, Maurice R. Hailston, Earl B. Harrison, Selig S. Goldstein, Jeffrey A. Greenberg, Sanford D. Hajari, Nisid J. Harrison, William B. Jr. Goldstein, Morris Greenberger, Robert Stephen Hakakian, Roya Hart, Gary Goldwyn, David L. Greene, Joseph N. Jr. Hakim, Peter Hart, Robert C* Golob, Paul D. Greene, Margaret L. Hale, David D. Hart, Todd Christopher Golob, Stephanie Ruth Greene, Michelle D. Hale, Lyric Hughes Hartley, Jane D. Gomory, Ralph E. Greene, Raymond E Hit Hall, C. Barrows Hartman, Arthur A. Gompert, David C. Greene, Wade Hall, John E Hartogensis, Gordon A.T Gonzalez, Nelson Ricardo Greenspan, Alan Hall, Kathryn Walt Hartzelljon K. Goodman, Allan E. Greenwald, G. Jonathan Hall-Martinez, Katherine C. Haseltine, William Alan

* Elected to membership in 2004. t Elected to five-yearter m membersh p in 2004.

92 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Haskell, John H.E Jr. Herrnstadt, Owen Edwarcl Hoge, James EJr. Hughes, Thomas Lowe Hathaway, Robert M. Herskovits,Jean Hoge, Warren M. Huizengajohn W Hatheway, Gina Marie L. Herspring, Dale R. Hoguet, George Roberts Hull, Edmund J.* Hauge,John Resor Herter, Christian A. Jr. Hoinkes, Mary Elizabeth Hulsmanjohn C. Hauser, Rita E. Herter, Frederic P Holbrooke, Richard C. Hultman, Tamela Hauser, William Locke Hertog, Roger Holdenjohn L. Hultquist, Timothy A. Havell, Theresa A. Hertzberg, Arthur HoldrenJohnE Hume, Cameron R. Hawkins, Ashton Hertzberg, Hendrik Holgate, Laura S.H. Hume, Ellen H. Hawley E William Hertzberg, Robert M.* Hollick, Ann Lorraine Hunker, Jeffrey A. Hawthorne, Amy W Herz, Barbara Holliday, Stuart W Hunt, Swanee Hayden, Michael V Herzfeld, Charles M. Hollifield, James Frank Hunter, Robert E. Hayek, Alexandre E Herzstein, Robert E. Hollis, Duncan Baker Hunter, Shireen T. Hayes, Margaret Daly Hesburgh, Theodore M. Holloway, Dwight E Jr. Hunter, William Curt Hayes, Rita Derrick Hess, John B. Holmer, Alan E Hunter-Gault, Charlayne Haynes, Fred Hess, Marlene* Holmes, Henry Allen Huntington, Patricia Skinner Haynes, Lukas Harrison Hessler, Curtis A. Holmes, Kim R. Huntington, Samuel Phillips Haynes, Ulric Hewlett, Sylvia Ann Holmes, Stephen T. Hurd, Joseph Kindall III Hayward, Thomas B. Heyman, William H.* Hoist, Eric Allan Hurewitz,J. C. Heald, Lisa W Hiatt, Fred Holt, Pat M. Hurlock, James B. Healey, Kerry Murphy* Hicks, Irvin Holum,John D. Hurst, RobertJ. Healy, Harold H. Jr. Hicks, John E Sr. Hooker, Richard D. Jr. Hurwitz, Sol Heck, Charles B. Hicks, Peggy L. Hoopes, Townsend W. Hutchings, Robert L. Hecker, Siegfried S. HidaryJackD. Hope, Judith Richards Hutchins, Glenn H. Hedges, Christopher Lynn Higginbotham, E Michael Hope, Richard O. Huyck, Philip M. Hedstrom, Mitchell W Higgins, Heather Richardson Horelick, Arnold L. Hyatt, Joel Z. Heep-Richter, Barbara D. Higgins, Neal L.f Horlick, Gary N. Hyland, William G. Heer, Paul Higgins, Robert F Hormats, Robert D. Hyman, Allen I. Heginbotham, StanleyJ. Hight, B. Boyd Horn, Karen N. Hehir,J. Bryan Hightower, Edward T. Horn, Sally K. I Hermann, John G. Hill, Fiona Horner, Matina Souretis Ibarguen, Alberto Heimbold, Charles A. Jr. Hill, J. Tomilson Hornik, Richard H. Ignatius, David R. Heimowitz, James B. Hill, James T. Horn thai, James J. * Ijaz, Mansoor Heineman, Benjamin W Jr. HillJanineW* Horowitz, Irving Louis Ikenberry, G. John Heineman, Melvin L. Hill, Joseph C* Horton, Alan W. Ikle, Fred C. Heintz, Stephen B. Hill, Pamela Horton, Robert Scott Ilchman, Alice Stone Heintzen, Harry Leonard Hill, Raymond D. Hosmer, Bradley C. Immergut, Mel M. Heinz, Teresa Hillen,John Hoston, Germaine A. Inderfurth, Karl E Hejlik, DennisJ. Hillenbrand, Martin J. Hottelet, Richard C. Indyk, Martin S. Helander, Robert C. Hillgren, Sonja Houghton, Amoryjr. Ingersoll, Robert S. Heldring, Frederick Hills, Carla A. Houghton, James R. Inman, Bobby R. Heleniak, David W Hinerfeld, Ruth Houlihan, Kathleen Intriligator, Michael D. Heifer, Ricki Tigert Hines, Rachel House, Karen Elliott Irish, Leon E. HelgersonJohnL. Hinton, Deane R. Howard, A. E. Dick Irvin, Patricia L. Heller, Jane J. t HirschJohnL. Howard, Christopher Bernard Irwin, David Wallace Heller, Richard M. Hirsh, Michael P Howard, John R. Isaacs, Maxine Hellman, E Warren Hitz, Frederick E Howard, Lyndsay C* Isaacson, Walter S. Hellmann, Donald Charles Hoagland, Jim Howard, M. William Jr. Isaza-Tuzman, Kaleil D. Helm, Robert W. Hoar, Joseph Paul Howell, Ernest M. Iselin, John Jay Helman, Robert A. Hobart, Matthew Todd Howson, Nicholas C. Isenberg, Steven L. Helprin, Mark Hobbs Miracky, Tammany D. Hoyt, Kendall L.t Isham, Christopher Hendricks, Darryll E.* Hobson, H. Lee Hoyt, Mont P Isles, Adam R. Hendrickson, David C. Hobson, Mellody Hrynkow, Sharon H. Ispahani, Mahnaz Henkin, Alice H. Hoch, Frank W Hsu, Ta-Lin Isser, Deborah H. Henkin, Louis Hodin, Michael W Htun, Mala N. Istel, Yves-Andre Hennessy John M. Hoeber, Amoretta M. Huber, Richard L. Itoh, William H. Henninger, Daniel E Hoehn, Andrew R. Huberman, Benjamin Ivester, M. Douglas Henrikson, Alan K. Hoehn, William E. Jr. Hudson, Manley O. Jr. Izlar, William H. Jr. Henry, Nancy L. Hoenlein, Malcolm I. Hudson, Michael C. Hentges, Harriet Hoffman, A. Michael Huebner, Lee W. Hoffman, Auren Hueyjohn WJr. J Herberger, Roy A. Jr. Jabber, Paul Hermann, Charles E Hoffman, Bruce Hufbauer, Gary C. Hoffmann, Stanley Huffmgton, Roy M. Jackelen, Henry Hernandez Colon, Rafael Jacklin, Nancy P Hernandez, Antonia Hofman, Steven I. Hughes, Lynn N. Hogan, Jeffrey N. Hughes, R. John Jackson, Bruce E Hernandez, Ernesto P III Jackson, Jesse L. Sr.

93 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Jackson, John Howard Jones, Thomas W Karis, Thomas G. Kern, Paul J. Jackson, Lois M. Joost, Peter Martin Karl, Terry Lynn Kerr, Ann Zwicker Jackson, Sarah Jordan, Amos A. Karnow, Stanley Kerrey, Bob Jackson, Shirley Ann Jordan, Eason T. Karns, Margaret P Kerry, John E Jacob, John E. Jordan, Robert W* Karp, Jonathan D.* Kerry, Peggy Jacobs, Eli S. Jordan, Vernon E. Jr. Kartman, Charles Kessler, Glenn Andrew* Jacobs, Jack H. Joseph, Geri M. Kasdin, Robert Kessler, Martha Neff Jacobs, Nehama Joseph, James A. Kass, Stephen L. Kester, W Carl Jacobson, Jerome Joseph, Jon John Kassalow, Jordan S. Khalidi, Rashid I. Jacobson, Mark R. Joseph, Richard A. Kassof, Allen H. Khalilzad, Zalmay M. Jacoby, Tamar Josephson, William Kassoy Andrew R. Khan, Moushumi M.t Jaffe, Amy Myers Joyce, John T Kathwari, Farooq Khemlani, Neeraj L. Jamal, Amaney A.t Juhasz, Christina S. Katulis, Brian M. Khosrowshahi, Cameron James, Francis John* Jumper, John P Katz, Abraham Kamran Janes, David R Junz, Helen B. Katz, Daniel Roger Khuri, Nicola N. Janes, Jackson Juster, Kenneth I. Katz, RobertJ.* Kiermaier, John W Janis, Mark Weston Jutkowitz, Alexander S. Katz, Sherman E. Kiley Robert R. Janklow, Morton L. Katz, Stanley N. Kim, Andrew B. Janow, Merit E. K Katzenstein, Peter J. Kim, Hanya Marie Jaquette,Jane S. Kadel, Eric John Jr. Kaufman, DanielJ. Kim,Sukhan Jarvis, Nancy A. Kaden, Lewis B. Kaufman, Henry Kimmitt, Robert M. Jastrow, Robert Kadlec, Robert P Kaufman, Robert R. Kimsey James V Jebb, Cindy R. Kagan, Donald Kaufmann, William W Kinane, William Patrick Jenkins, Bonnie D. Kagan, Robert W. Kavoukjian, Michael E.* King, Henry L. Jenkins, Jennifer Cecelia Kahan, Jerome H. Kay, Kira King, Kay Jervis, Robert Kahler, Miles Kaye, Charles R. King, Robert R. Jessup, Alpheus W. Kahn, Thomas S. Kaysen, Carl King, Susan Robinson Jessup, Philip C. Jr. Kaiser, Philip M. Kayyem, Juliette N. Kipper, Judith Jeter, Howard E Kaiser, Robert G. Kazemi, Farhad Kiriakou, Heather K. Jett, Dennis C* Kalathil, Shanthi A. Kea, Charlotte G. Armentroutt Jillson, Calvin C. Kalb, Bernard Kean, Thomas H. Kirkland, Richard I. Joffe, Robert D. Kalb, Marvin Keel, Alton G. Jr. Kirkpatrick,JeaneJ. Johns, Lionel Skipwith KalickiJanH. Keene, Lonnie S. Kirkpatrick, Melanie M. Johnson Ward, L. Celeste Kamarck, Andrew Martin Keene, Molly M. Kiser, Stephen D. Johnson, Howard W Kamarck, Elaine C. Keeny, Spurgeon M. Jr. Kishkovsky, Leonid* Johnson, James A. Kaminsky Howard Kelleher, Catherine M. Kissinger, Henry A. Johnson, James E. Kampelman, Max M. Keller, EdmondJ. Kittrie, Orde F Johnson, Jay L. Kamsky, Virginia Ann Keller, Kenneth H. Kizer, Karin L. Johnson, Jeh Charles Kanak, Donald P Kellerman, Barbara L. Kladakis, Monica Vegas Johnson, Karen H. Kanet, Roger E. Kelley, Paul X. Klein, David Johnson, L. Oakley Kang, C. S. Eliot Kellner, Peter Bicknell* Klein, Edward Johnson, Larry D. Kang, Richard S. Kellogg, David Klein, George Johnson, Nancie S. Kann, Peter R. Kelly, Alfred E Jr.* Klein, Jacques Paul Johnson, Robbin S. Kansteiner, Walter H. Ill Kelly, Arthur L. Klein, Joseph A. Johnson, Robert H. Kanter, Arnold Kelly, James P Klimp, Jack Wilbur Johnson, Robert W IV Kanter, Rosabeth Moss Kelly, John H. Kline, Roger C. Johnson, Scott S. Kantor, Mickey Kelman, Herbert C. Klotz, Frank G. Johnson, Thomas S. Kaplan, Eloise D. Kemble, Eugenia Klurfeld, James M. Johnson, Willene A. Kaplan, Gilbert Kemp, Geoffrey Knell, Gary E. Johnson, Wyatt Thomas Kaplan, Helene L. Kempe, Frederick S. Knight, Edward S. Jones, Alan Kent Kaplan, Jeffrey A. Kempner, Maximilian W Knight, Jessie J. Jr. Jones, Anita K. Kaplan, Joel Kendall, Donald M. Knight, Robert Huntington Jones, David C. Kaplan, Mark N. Kenen, Peter B. Knowlton, William Allen Jones, David L. Kaplan, Stephen S. Keniston, Kenneth Knudsen, Christine M. Jones, James L. Kapnick, Scott Bancroft Kennan, Christopher J. Kogan, Richard Jay Jones, James R. Kapp, Robert A. Kennan, Elizabeth T. Kohut, Andrew Jones, Jeffrey B. Kapstein, Ethan B. Kennan, George E Kojacjeff Jones, Kali Chantelle Karabell, Zachary Kennedy Caroline Bouvier Kolb, Charles E.M. Jones, Kerri-Ann Karalekas, Anne Kennedy, Craig Kolbe,Jim Jones, Nigel W Karamanian, Susan L. Kennedy, David W* Jones, Sidney R. Karatnycky Adrian Keohane, Nannerl O. Kolodziej, Edward A. Jones, Thomas V Karatz, Bruce E. Keohane, Robert O. Kolt, George Koltai, Steven R.

* Elected to membership in 2004. Elected to five-year term membership in 2004.

94 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Komisar, Lucy Lader, Philip Leebron, David W. Lieberthal, Keith L.t Kondracke, Morton Ladner, Drew J. Leed, Marent Lieberthal, Kenneth G. Koonin, Steven E. Ladner, Joyce A. Leeds, Roger S. Liebman, Benjamin Lesler Korb, LawrenceJ. LaFleur, Vinca Leet, Kenneth H.M.* Liebowitz, Jessica K. Korbonski, Andrzej Lagomasino, Maria Elena Leet, Mildred Robbins Lifton, Robert K. Kormos, Cyril Frederic Lagon, Mark E Lefever, Ernest W. Light, Timothy Kornblum, John C. Laipson, Ellen Leffall, LaSalle D. Ill Lighthizer, Robert E. Kostiw, Michael Vincent Lake, David A. Leghorn, Richard S. Lilienthal, Sally L. Kotecha, Mahesh K. Lai, Venkateshwart Legro, Jeffrey W. Lincoln, Edward J. Kotler, Steven Lall, Betty Goetz Legvold, Robert Lindberg, Tod Kraar, Louis Lamb, Denis Lehman, John E Lindsay, Beverly Kraemer, Lillian E. Lambeth, Benjamin S. Lehman, Orin Lindsay, Franklin A. Kramek, Robert E. Lambright, James H.t Lehman, Ronald Frank II Lindsay, James M. Kramer, Helen M. Lamont, Lansing Lehrer, Jim Linen, Jonathans. Kramer, Jane Lamp ton, David M. Leich, John Foster Link, Troland S. Kramer, Michael Lancaster, Carol J. Leklem, Erik James Linowes, David E Kramer, Orin S. Landau, George W. Leland, Marc E. Lipman, Ira A. Kramer, Reed Lande, Jim Alfred Lelyveld, Joseph LippardJoshuaJ.t Kramer, Steven Philip Landers, James M. LeMelle, Gerald A. Lipper, Kenneth Kranwinkle, C. Douglas Lane, Charles M. LeMelle, TildenJ. Lipper, Tamara Kranz, Thomas E Lane, David J. Lemle,J. Stuart Lippert, MarkW.t Krasner, Stephen D. Laney James T. Lempert, RobertJ. Lippey Brian C. Krasno, Richard M. Langlois,JohnD. Lennon, Alexander T.J. Lippman, Thomas W. Krause, Lawrence B. Langlois, RobertJ. Lennon, Sarah G.J. Lipset, Seymour Martin Krauss, Clifford Lantz, Matthew Pt Lennox, William J. Jr. Lipsitz, RochelleJ. Krauthammer, Charles LaPalombara, Joseph Lenti, Sarah M.t Lipsky John P Kravis, Henry R. Lapenn, Jessica E.t Lenzen, Louis C. Lipsky Seth Krawchuk, Fred T. Jr. Lapham, Lewis H. LeoGrande, William M. Lissakers, Karin M. Kreek, Mary Jeanne Lapham, Nicholas Payne Leonard, James E Litan, Robert E. Krens, Thomas Lapidus, Gail W. Leonard, Kenneth Lynch Little, David Krepinevich, Andrew E Lardy, Nicholas R. Leone, Richard C. Little, Milton J. Jr. Krepon, Michael Larrabee, E Stephen Lesch, Ann Mosely Littlefield, Elizabeth L. Kriegel,Jay L. Larsen, Randall J. Leslie, John W. Jr. Litwak, Robert S. Krikorian, Victoria Reznik Larson, Charles R. Lesser, Ian O. Liu, Betty Wen Ssu Krisher, Bernard Lasensky Scott B. Lettre, Marcel J. II Liu, Eric E Kristof, Nicholas D. Lash,Jonathan Leverett, Flynt L. Livingston, Robert Kristoff, Sandra J. Lasser, LawrenceJ. Levin, Gerald M. Llewellyn, J. Bruce Kristol, Irving Lateef, Noel V Levin, Herbert Lodal.Jan M. Kroeger, Kate MJ.t Lau, Edwin Levin, John A. Lodge, George Cabot Kronman, Anthony Townsend Lauder, Leonard A. Levin, Michael Stuart Loeb, Marshall Krueger, Anne O. Lauder, Ronald S. Levine, Irving R. Logan, Francis D. Krueger, Harvey Laudicina, Paul A. Levine, Mel Lombardi, Clark B. Krulak, Charles Chandler Lauinger, Philip C. Jr. Levine, Susan B. London, Herbert I. Ku, Charlotte Laurenti, Jeffrey Levinson, Marc Long, William J. Kubarych, Roger M. Lautenbach, Ned C. Levit, Kenneth Joel Longmuir, Shelley A. KubischJackB. Laventhol, David A. Levitsky Jonathan E. Longstreth, Bevis Kuenstner, Nancy Jo Lawrence, Richard D. Levitt, Arthur Jr.* Longworth, Richard C. Kull, Steven G. Lawrence, Robert Z. Levitt, Jeremy I. Longworth, Susan A. Kumar, Nisha Lawson, Chappell H. Levy, Reynold Loranger, Donald Eugene Kumar, Raj U.t Lawson, Eugene K. Lewis, Anthony Lord, Bette Bao Kumar-Sinha, Punita Layne, Christopher Lewis, Bernard Lord, Winston Kuniholm, Bruce Robellet Lazarus, Shelly B. Lewis, Edward T. Lorentzen, Oivind III Kunstadter, Geraldine S. Lazarus, Steven Lewis, John P Louis, William Roger Kupchan, Charles A. Leach, James A. Lewis, Stephen R. Jr. Lourie, Linda S. Kupchan, Clifford A. Leclerc, Paul Lewis, W. Walker Loury Glenn Cartman Kupperman, Robert H. Lederberg, Joshua Lewy Glen S. Lovejoy Thomas E. Kurth, James R. Lederman, Gordon Nathaniel Li, Lu Lovelace, Jon B. Kushen, Robert A. Lee, Bryce Low, Stephen Kux, Dennis Lee, Chong-Moon Libby I. Lewis Lowenfeld, Andreas E Kwoh, Stewart Lee, Ernest S. Lichtblau,JohnH. Lowenkron, Barry E Lee, Nancy Lichtenstein, Cynthia C. Lowenstein, James G. Lee, Thea Mei Lieber, James E. Lowenthal, Abraham F Lee, William L. Lieber, RobertJ. Lowry Glenn D. Laber, Jeri L. Lee-Kung, Dinah Lieberman, Joseph I. Lowry Richard A. Ladd, Edward Lieberman, Nancy A.

95 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Loy, Frank E. Mallery Richard Matteson, William B. McLinJonBlythe Loy, James Milton Mallett, Robert L. Matthews, Eugene A. McMahon, Darrin Michael Lozano, Ignacio E. Malmgren, Harald B. Matthews, John Casley III McManus, Doyle Lozano, Jose Ignacio* Malmgren, K. Philippa Mattox, Gale A. McManus, Jason D. Lozano, Monica C. Malone, Kim Matuszewski, Daniel C. McMaster, Herbert Raymond* Lu, Donald Malpass, David R. Matzke, Richard H. McNally Thomas A.t Lu, Xiaobo Manatt, Charles T Maxwell, Kenneth Robert McNamara, Dennis L. Lubin, Nancy Manca, Marie Antoinette May Ernest R. McNamara, Robert S. Lubman, Stanley B. Mandelbaum, Michael May, Michael M. McNamara, Thomas E. Lucas, C. Payne Maniatis, Gregory A. Mayer, Claudette McNaugher, Thomas L. Lucas, Sarah T.f Manilow, Lewis Mayer, Gerald M. Jr. McNerney Patricia Ann Luck, Edward C. Manley Audrey Forbes Mayhew, Alice E. McPeak, Merrill A. Lucy, William Mann, James H. Maynes, Charles William McPeek, Brian C. Luers, Wendy W Mann, Michael D. Mazur,Jay McPherson, M. Peter Luers, William H. Mann, Thomas E. McAfee, William Gage McQuade, Lawrence C. Luke, John A. Jr. Manuel, Anja L. McAllister, Jef Olivarius McWade, Jessica C. Lustick, Ian S. Manzi,Jim McAllister, Singleton B. Meacham, Carl E. Lute, Jane Holl Marans,J. Eugene McCaffrey, Barry R. Meacham,Jon Luttwak, Edward N. Marcom, John E. Jr. McCaffrey, Cynthia Lillian Mead, Dana G. Luzzatto, Anne R. Marcum, John Arthur McCain, John S. Ill Mead, E. Scott Lyall, Katharine C. Marder, Murrey McCall, H. Carl Mead, Walter Russell Lyman, Princeton N. Margolis, David I. McCann, Edward Meadows, Jeanne Terry Lyman, Richard W Mariotti, Steven J.* McCartan, Patrick F Meagher, Robert E Lynch, Thomas E III Mark, David E. McCarter, John W Jr. Mearsheimer, John J. Lynk, Myles V Mark, Hans M. McCarthy, James R Medawar, Adrienne Lynn, James T. Mark-Jusbasche, Rebecca P McCarthy, Kathleen D. Medearis, Amy Houpt Lynn, Laurence E. Jr. Markey Dan S.t McChrystal, Stanley A. Medeiros, Evan Sabino Lyon, David W Marks, Leonard H. McClean, Lilyanne H. Medina, David S. Lyons, Gene M. Marks, Paul A. McCloyJohnJ. II Medina, Kathryn B. Lyons, James E. Markusen, Ann R. McClure, Robert L. Medish, Mark Christian Lyons, Richard Kent Marlin, Alice Tepper McCormack, Elizabeth J. Medley Richard Marr, Phebe A. McCouch, Donald G. Meers, Sharon I. M Marron, Donald B. McCracken, Paul W. Meertens, Michelle A.t Marsh, Tom F Mehlman, Bruce Paul Ma, Christopher McCurdy, Dave K. Marshall, Andrew W Mehreteab, Ghebre Selassie Mabry, Marcus McDermott,Jim Marshall, Anthony D. Mehta, Ved Mabus, Raymond E. McDevitt, Sean Daniel Marshall, Dale Rogers Meiman, Kellie A. MacCormack, Charles McDonald, Alonzo L. Marshall, E Ray Meissner, Doris M. Frederick McDonald, Tom Marshall, Katherine Meister, Irene W MacDonald, Bruce Walter McDonough, William J. Marshall, Zachary Blake Mejia, James E. MacDougal, Gar)' E. McDougall, Gay J. Marten, Kimberlyjoy Melby Eric D.K. Mack, Consuelo Cotter McEnteeJoanM. Martin, Daniel Richard Melloan, George R. Mack, J. Curtis II McFarlane, Jennifer A. Martin, Lynn Morley Melville, Richard Allen Mackay, Leo Sidney Jr. McFarlane, Robert C. Martin, Susan F Mendelson, Sarah E. Mackevich, Eileen R. McFate, Patricia Ann Martin, William E Mendelson-Forman, Johanna* MacLaury Bruce K. McFaul, Michael A. Martinez, Roman IV* Mendlovitz, Saul H. Macomber, John Dewitt McGarr, Cappy R. Marlon, Kati I. Mendoza, Roberto G. Macy, Robert M. Jr. McGiffert, Carola H. Masin, Michael T. Menges, Carl B. Madigan,John W. McGiffert, David E. Massey L. Camille Menkejohn R. Magras, Krista M. McGovern, George S. Massey, Walter E. Menon, Rajan Maguire, John David McGowan, Alan H. Massimino, Elisa C. Merkel, Claire Sechler Mahoney Margaret E. McGrath, Eugene R. Mastanduno, Michael Merkel, David Austin* Mahoney Paul G.* McGurn, William Masters, Carlton A. Meron, Theodor Mahoney, Thomas H. IV McHenry Donald F Matheson, MichaelJ. Merow,John E. Mai, Vincent A. Mcintosh, Laura A. Mathews, Jessica T Merrill, Philip Maier, Charles S. McKeon, Robert B. Mathews, Michael S. Merritt, Jack Neil Makin,John Holmes McLarty Mark C. Mathews, Sylvia M. Merszei, Zoltan Makins, Christopher J. McLarty Thomas E III Mathias, Charles McC. Jr. Mesdag, Willem* Makinson, Carolyn McLaughlin, Andrew Mathias, Edward J. Meselson, Matthew S. Mako, William P McLaughlin, David T. Mathis, Brian Pierre Messing, F Andy Jr. Maldonado, Wendy A. McLaughlin, John E. Matlock, Jack F Jr. Mestres, Ricardo A. Jr. Malek, Frederic V McLean, Mora L. Matsui, Robert T. Mettler, Ruben E Malinowski, Tom McLean, Sheila Avrin

'' Elected to membership in 2004. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2004.

96 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Metzger, Barry Montgomery, Parker G. * Murase, Emily Moto Newberg, Esther R. Metzl, Jamie Frederic Montgomery, Philip O'Bryan III Muravchik, Joshua Newburg, Andre Meunier, Sophiet Moock, Joyce Lewinger Murdoch, Rupert Newcomb, Nancy S. Meyer, Carl J. Moody, Jim Murdock, Deroy Newell, Barbara W Meyer, Edward C. Moody, William S. Murdy William E Newhousejohn Meyer, John Robert Moore, Joanne C. Murillo, Maria Victoriat Newman, Jay H. Meyer, Karl E. Moore, John J. Jr. Murphy, Caryle Marie Newman, Pauline Meyer, Michael Ryder Moore, John M. Murphy, Ewell E. Jr. Newman, Priscilla A. Meyerman, HaroldJ. Moore, John Norton Murphy, Richard McGill Newman, Richard T. Meyerson, Martin Moore, Jonathan Murphy, Richard W. Newsom, David D. Michaels, Marguerite Moore, Julia A. Murphy, Sean Patrick Newstead, Jennifer G. Mickiewicz, Ellen Moorman, Thomas S. Jr. Murphy, Thomas S. Newton, M. Diana Helweg Midgley, Elizabeth Moose, George E. Murray, Douglas J.* Ney Edward N. Mihaly Eugene B. Moose, Richard M. Murray, Douglas P Nicholas, N.J. Jr. Mikell, Gwendolyn Mora, Alberto J. Murray, Ian P Nichols, Rodney W. Miles, Edward L. Mora, Antonio G. Murray, Janice L. Nicholson, Jan Milestone, Judith B. Moran, Theodore H. Murray, Lori Esposito Nides, Thomas R.* Millard, Robert Moravcsik, Andrew Murray, Robert J. NiehussJohnM. Miller, Benjamin R. Morey David Edward Muse, Martha Twitchell Niehuss, Rosemary Neaher Miller, Charles R. Morgan, Betsy Lake Musham, Bettye Martin Nielsen, Nancy Miller, Christopher D.* Morgan, Charlotte M. Mustafa, Herro K.f Nilsson, A. Kenneth Miller, David Charles Jr. Morningstar, Richard L.* Myers, Richard B. Nilsson, Keith R.t Miller, Debra L. Morris, Charles R. Myerson, Toby S. Nimetz, Matthew Miller, Franklin C. Morris, Frederic A.* Myrow, Stephen A.t Nitze, Paul H. Miller, J. Irwin Morris, Max King Nitze, William A. Miller, Judith Morris-Eck, Bailey N Noam, Eli M. Miller, Ken Morrisett, Lloyd N. Nogales, Luis G. Nachmanoff, Arnold Miller, Linda B. Morrison, J. Stephen Nolan, Janne Emilie Nacht, Michael Miller, Marcia E. Morrissey Arthur C. Noland, Marcus Nadiri, M. Ishaq Miller, Matthew L. Morse, Edward L. Nonacs, Eric S.* Nagorski, Andrew Miller, Michael T.t Morse, Kenneth R Nooter, Robert Harry Nagorski, Zygmunt Miller, Roberta Balstad Mortimer, David H. Norman, William S. Nakhleh, Emile A. Miller, Scott L. Mosbacher, Robert A. Norquist, Grover Glenn Naplan, Steven J. t Miller, William Green Moseley Teed Michael Norton, Augustus Richard Nash, Jack Miller, William Scott II Moses, Alfred H. Norton, Eleanor Holmes Nash, William L. Miller-Muro, Layli Mosettig, Michael David Nossel, Suzanne E Nasher, Raymond Donald Millett, Allan R. Moskow, Kenneth A. Noto, Lucio A. Nathan, Andrew J. Millington.John A. Moskow, Michael H. Novack, Lynne Dominick Nathan, James A. Mills, Bradford Moskowitz, James N. Novogratz, Jacqueline Nathan, Scott Andrew Mills, Karen Gordon Moss, Ambler H. Jr. Novy-Marx, Milena K.t Nathanson, Marc B. Mills, Susan Linda Mossman, James Nuechterlein, Jeffrey D. Nathoo, Raffiq A. Milner, Helen V Motley, Joel W Nunn, Sam Nau, Henry R. Minow, Newton N. Mottahedeh, Roy P Nussbaum, Bruce Nauert, Heather Annet Mintz, Daniel R. Motulsky Daniel T. Nye, Josephs. Jr. Nazeri, Haleh Miranda, Lourdes R. Mouat, Lucia Neal, Jeffrey C. Mirkow, Frank J. Moyer, Homer E. Jr. Neal, Stephen L. Miscik, Judith A. Mroz,John Edwin 0 Nealer, Kevin G. Mishkin, Alexander V Mudd, Daniel H. O'Brien, Dennis J. Nederlander, Robert Jr. Mitchell, Andrea* Mudd, Margaret Farris O'Cleireacain, Carol Negroponte, John D. Mitchell, Arthur M. Ill Mujal-Leon, Eusebio O'Connor, Walter E Neier, Aryeh Mitchell, George H. Jr. Mulberger, Virginia A. O'FlahertyJ. Daniel Nelson, Anne Mitchell, George J. Mulcahy, Anne M. O'Hanlon, Michael Nelson, Daniel N. Mitchell, Patricia E. Mulford, David C. O'Hare, Joseph A. Nelson, Jodi Lee Mitchell, Wandra G. Muller, Edward R. O'Leary John Nelson, Merlin E. Mize, David M. Muller, Steven O'Malley Cormac K.H. Nelson, Richard D.t Mochizuki, Kiichi Mulvaney Seant O'Neal, E. Stanley* Nelson, Robert L. Jr. Mochizuki, Mike M. Mulvenon, James C. O'Neil, Kathleen A. Nemazee, Hassan* Moe, Sherwood G. Mundie, Craigjames O'Neil, Michael J. Nenneman, Richard A. Moffett, George D. Mundy, Carl E. Jr. O'Neill, Brian Deveraux Nepomnyashchy, Catharine Molano, Walter Thomas Munger, Edwin S. O'Neill, Mark E.* Mondale, Walter E Munoz, George Theimer* O'Neill, Michael J. Moniz, ErnestJ. Munroe, George B. Nesbit, Lynn O'Prey Kevin R Montgomery, George Cranwell Munsch, Stuart B. Neuger, Win J.* ORourke, Patrick J. Montgomery, Harold H. Munyan, Winthrop R. Neuman, Stephanie G. O'Sullivan, Meghan L. Neureiter, Norman E Oakley, Phyllis E.

97 MEMBERSH IP ROSTER

Oakley, Robert B. Pam, Jeremiah S.t Perkins, Roswell B. Pizzarello, Louis D. Oberdorfer, Don Pan, Eric J. Perkovich, George R. Plaks, Livia B. Odeen, Philip A. Pan, Michael Perlman, Janice Elaine Piatt, Alan A. Odell, JohnS. Pan, Philip Pt Perlmutter, Barbara S.* Piatt, Alexander H. Odom, William E. Pandith, Farah Anwar Perlmutter, Louis Piatt, Nicholas Oettinger, Anthony G. Panofsky, Wolfgang K.H. Perritt, Henry H. Jr. Piatt, Sheila Maynard Offenheiser, Raymond C. Jr. Paperin, Stewart J. Perry, Elizabeth Jean Plattner, Marc E Offit, Morris W. Pardee, Scott E. Perry, Robert C. Plepler, Richard L. Oh, Kongdan Pardes, Herbert Perry, William J. Plimpton, Calvin H. Okawara, Merle Aiko Pardew, James W. Jr. Persico, Joseph E. Plumeri, Joseph J. II Olidge, Trina S. Parekh, Sanjayt Peters, Mary Ann Plutzik, Jonathan Oliva, L. Jay Parent, Louise M. Peters, Michael P Poats, Rutherford M. Oliver, April A. Paris, Jonathan Peterson, Holly Pocalyko, Michael N. Olmstead, Cecil J. Parker, Elizabeth Rindskopf Peterson, Michael A. Podhoretz, Norman Olson, David Andrew Parker, Jason H. Peterson, Peter G. Pogue, Richard W Olson, Jane T. Parker, Jay M. Petraeus, David H. Polk, William R. Olson, Lyndon L. Jr. Parker, Penny Petree, Richard W Pollack, Gerald A. Olson, Ronald L. Parker, Richard B. Petree, Richard W Jr. Pollack, Jonathan D. Olson, William Clinton Parker Feld, Karen Elizabeth Petri, Thomas E. Pollack, Kenneth Michael Olvey Lee D. Parkinson, Roger P Petschek, Stephen R. Pollack, Lester Omestad, Thomas E. Parks, Michael Christopher Pettibone, Peter J. Pollock, Robert Lansing Onek, Joseph N. Parsky, Gerald L. Pettyjohn R. Polsby, Nelson W Oppenheimer, Andres M. Parsons, Richard D. Peyronnin, Joseph E Pond, Elizabeth Oppenheimer, Franz Martin Pascual, Carlos E. Pezzullo, Lawrence A. Poneman, Daniel Bruce Oppenheimer, Michael E Passer-Muslin, Juliette M. Pfaltzgraff, Robert L. Jr. Pool-Eckert, MarquitaJ. Orentlicher, Diane Paster, Howard G. Pfeiffer,Jane Cahill Popkin, Anne B. Orlins, Stephen A. Pastor, Ed Pfeiffer, Leon K. Popoff, Frank Ornstein, Norman J. Pastor, Robert A. Pfeiffer, Steven B. Porter, John Edward Orr, Robert C. Patel, Parag Phan, Dang Tan Portes, Richard D. Osborn,JohnE. Patrick, Hugh T. Pharr, Susan J. Porzecanski, Arturo C. Osborne, Richard de J. Patrick, Stewart M.* Phelan,JohnJ. Jr. Posen, Adam S. Osius, Margaret Elizabeth Patrick, Thomas Harold Phillips, Cecil M. Posen, Barry R. Osmer-McQuade, Margaret Patricof, Alan Joel Phillips, Christopher H. Posner, Michael Osnos, Peter L.W Patrikis, Ernest T. Phillips, David L. Poste, George H.* Osnos, Susan Sherer Patterson, Michael D.t Phillips, Jeanne L. Postol, Theodore A. Ostrander, E Taylor Patterson, Patricia M. Picker, Harvey Potter, William C. Ostrowski, Stephen T. Pattiz, Norman J.* Pickering, Thomas R. Pottinger, Matthew Ft Otero, Maria Paul, Douglas L. Pieczenik, Steve R. Powell, Catherine Ovitz, Michael S. Paul, Roland A. Piedra, Alberto M.Jr. Powell, Colin L. Owen, Henry David Paulson, Henry M. Jr. Pierce, John vanden Heuvelt Powell, Jerome H. Owen, Roberts Bishop Paulus, Judith K. Pierce, Lawrence W. Power, Philip H. Owens, James W Paumgarten, Nicholas Biddle* Pierce, Ponchitta Powers, Averill L. Owens, William A. Pavel, Barry Piercyjan Powers, Thomas Oxman, Bernard H. Pavilonis, Brigid Myers Pierre, Andrew J. Powers, Timothy E. Oxman, Stephen A. Payne, Donald M. Pigott, Charles M. Pozen, Robert C. Oxnam, Robert B. Pearl, Frank H. Pike, John E. Pranger, Robert J. Oye, Kenneth A. Pearlstine, Norman Pilgrim, Kathryn Prasso, Sheridan T. Peckham, Gardner G. Pillar, Paul R.* Precht, Henry P Pedersen, Richard Foote Pilling, Donald L. Pregenzer, Arian L. * Paal, Douglas Haines Pederson, Rena M. Pilliod, Charles J. Jr. Prescott, Elizabeth M.t Pachios, Harold C. Pell, Claiborne Pillsbury Marnie S. Press, Daryl G. Pachon, Harry P Pelletreau, Robert H. Jr. Pillsbury Michael Press, William H. Packard, George R. Pelofsky, Eric J. Pilon, Juliana Geran Pressler, Larry Page, Carter W. Pena, Federico E Pincus, Lionel I. Pressman, Jeremyt Paine, George C. II Penn, Lawrence Edward III Pincus, Walter H. Preston, Stephen W. Paisner, Bruce Lawrence Penn, Mark Jeffrey Pinkerton, W Stewart Jr. Prewitt, Kenneth Pakula, Hannah C. Perella, Joseph R. Pino, John Anthony Price, Daniel M. Pallesen, Edward S. Perera, Richard D. Pipes, Daniel Price, Hugh Palmer, Mark Peretz, Don Pipes, Richard Price, John R. Jr. Palmer, Matthew A. Perez, David* Pitts, Joe Will Price, Raymond K. Jr. Palmer, Ronald D. Perkin, Linda J. Pivik, George A.t Price, Robert Palmieri, Victor H. Perkins, Edward J. Pizer, William A. Prickett, Glenn T.

* Elected to membership in 2004. + Elected to five-yearter m membership in 2004. MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Priest, William W. Jr. Raymond, Lee R. Riffat, Imran Rose, Marshall Prieto, Daniel B. HI* Read, Benjamin L.t Rifkind, Robert S. Rosecrance, Richard Prillaman, William C. Reade, Claire E. Ringold, Denat Rosen, Arthur H. Prince, Charles 0. Ill Realuyo, CelinaB. Riordan, Michael L. Rosen, Daniel H. Pritzker, Penny* Rechberger, Kristin Denise RitchJohnB. Ill Rosen, Gar)7 Pritzker, Thomas J. Redman, Charles E. Rivers, Richard R. Rosen,Jack* Proenza, Luis M. Reed, Charles B. Rivkin, David B. Jr. Rosen, Jane K. Prueher, Joseph W. Reed,Jack Rivlin, Alice M. Rosen, Jeffrey Allen* Pryce, Jeffrey E Reed, Joseph Verner Rizk, Nayla M. Rosen, Robert L. Pryce, William T. Reed, Lucy Ferguson Rizopoulos, Nicholas X. Rosen, Stephen Peter Puchala, Donald James Rees, Matthew R. Robb, Charles S. Rosenberg, Mark B. Puckett, Allen E. Reese, William Sears Robbins, Carla Anne Rosenblatt, Lionel A. Puckett, Robert H. Regan, Ned Robert, Joseph E. Jr. Rosenblatt, Peter R. Pulling, Edward L. Reichert, William M. Robert, Stephen Rosenblum, Mort L. Pulling, Thomas L. Reid, Ogden Roberts, Bradley H. Rosenfeld, Stephen S. Purcell, Susan Kaufman Reiling, Peter A. Roberts, John J. Rosenfield, Allan Pursley Robert E. Reilly Saskia S. Roberts, Walter R. Rosenfield, Patricia L. Purvis, Nigel Reilly William K. Robertson, Cara W. Rosenkranz, Robert Putnam, Robert D. Reimer, Dennis Joe Robinson, Barbara Paul Rosenstock, Robert Pye, Lucian W Reinhardt, John E. Robinson, David Z. Rosensweig, Jeffrey A. Pyle, Kenneth B. Reinhart, Carmen M. Robinson, Davis R. Rosenthal, A. M. Reinharz,Jehuda Robinson, James D. Ill Rosenthal, Douglas Eurico Q Reinke, Jeffrey A.f Robinson, Leonard H. Jr. Rosenthal, Jack Quainton, Anthony C.E. Reisman, William Michael Robinson, Linda Rosenthal, Mitchell S. Quandt, William B. Reiss, Mitchell B. Robinson, Pearl T. Rosenwald, E.John Jr. Quester, George H. Remick, ElizabethJ. Robinson, Torrance W Rosenwald, Nina Quigley, Kevin EE Remington, Thomas E Robison, Olin C. Rosenwasser, Jon J. Quigley, Leonard V Renfrew, Charles Byron Rocca, Christina B. Rosenzweig, Robert M. Quinn, Jane Bryant Rennie, Milbrey Rocha, V Manuel Rosett, Claudia QuinnJohnM. Rennie, Renate Roche, James G. Roskens, Ronald W. Reppertjohn C. Rockefeller, David Rosner, Jeremy D. R Reppy, Judith V Rockefeller, David Jr. Rosovsky Henry Rabb, Bruce Resnicoff, Arnold E. Rockefeller, John D. IV Ross, Arthur Rabinowitch, Alexander Resor, Stanley R. Rockefeller, Nicholas Ross, Christopher WS. Rabinowitch, Victor Rey, Nicholas A. Rockwell, Hays H. Ross, Dennis B. Radtke, Robert W* Rhind, Eric Scott Rockwell, Keith McElroy Ross, Gary N. Raine, Fernande Scheid Rhinelander, John B. Rodman, Peter W. Ross, Robert S. Raines, Franklin D. Rhodes, William R. Rodriguez, Alex Rossabi, Morris Raiser, Mary van Schuylert Ricardel, Mira R. Rodriguez, Rita M. Rosso, David J. Raisian.John Rice, Condoleezza Rodriguez, Vincent A. Rossotti, Charles 0. Ramakrishna, Kilaparti Rice, Donald S. Rodrik, Dani Rostow, Elspeth Davies Ramer, Bruce M.* Rice, Joseph A. Roett, Riordan Rostow, Nicholas Ramirez, Lilia L. Rice, Susan E. RoffJ. Hugh Jr. Rotberg, Robert I. Ramo, Simon Rich, John H. Jr. Rogers, John M. Roth, Kenneth Randolph, R. Sean Rich, Michael D. Rogers, William D. Roth, Stanley Owen Randt, Clark T. Jr. Richard, Anne C. Roggero, Frederick E Roth, William M. Ranis, Gustav Richard, James J. Rogoff, Kenneth S.* Rothenberg, David M. Rankin, Clyde E. Ill Richards, Ann W Rohan, Karen M. Rothkopf, David Jochanan Raphel, Robin Lynn Richards, Paul G. Rohatyn, Felix G. Rottenberg, Linda D.* Rappaport, Alan H. Richards, Stephen H. Rohlen, Thomas E Route, Ronald A. RatchfordJ. Thomas Richardson, Benjamin F Rokke, ErvinJ. Rovine, Arthur W. Rather, Dan Richardson, David B. Roman, Nancy E. Rowen, Henry S. Ratnesar, Romesh M. Richardson, Frank E.* Romano, Christina M.t Rowny Edward L. Rattner, Steven L. Richardson, Henry J. Ill Romanowski, Alina L. Roy, J. Stapleton* Rattray, Gregory John Richardson, John Romberg, Alan D. Rubenstein, David M.* Rauch, Rudolph S. Richardson, Richard W Romero, Philip Joseph Rubin, Arthur Mark Raul, Alan Charles Richardson, William B. Romero-Barcelo, Carlos A. Rubin, Barnett R. Raustiala, Kal Richardson, William R. Rondeau, Ann E. Rubin, James P Ravenal, Earl C. Richardson, Yolonda C. Roosevelt, Theodore IV Rubin, James S. Ravenholt, Albert V Richter, Anthony Rosand, Eric Alexander Rubin, Nancy H. Ravich, Samantha E Riddell, Malcolm C. Rose, Charles Peete Jr. Rubin, Nilmini Gunaratnet Ravitch, Richard Ridgway Rozanne L. Rose, Daniel Rubin, Robert E. Raymond, David A. Rieff, David Rose, Elihu Rubin, Trudy S. Raymond, Jack RiellyJohnE. Rose, Gideon Rudder, Philip C.

99 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Rudenstine, Neil L. Schaefer, Matthew E Scully, Timothy R. Sherwood, Benjamin B. Rudesill, Dakota S. Schaffer, Howard Bruner Seagrave, Norman E Sherwood-Randall, Rudin, William C* Schaffer, Matthew Seamans, Robert C. Jr. Elizabeth D. Rudman, Warren B. Schaffer, Teresita C. Sears, Jonathan E. Shestack, Jerome J. Ruebhausen, Oscar M. Schake, Kori Seasholes, Mark S. Shields, Geoffrey B. Ruenitz, Robert M. Schearer, S. Bruce Seaton, James B. HI Shields, Lisa Katherine Ruggie,John G. Schecter, Jerrold Segal, SheldonJ. Shiffman, Gary M. Rugh, William A. Scheffer, DavidJ. Segal, Susan Louise Shifter, Michael Runge, Carlisle Ford Schein, Jacqui Selbst Seibold, Frederick C. Jr. Shiner, Josette S. Rupp, George E. Scheinman, Lawrence Seigenthaler.John L. Shinn,JamesJ. Ruttan, Vernon W Schell, Orville Hickok Seiple, Chris Shinseki, Eric Ruxinjosh Schell, Theodore H. Sekulow, Eugene A. Shipley, Walter V Ryan, Arthur E Schenker, David K.t Selin, Ivan Shirk, Susan L. Ryan, John T. Ill Schick, Thomas Sender, Henny Shirzad, Faryar Ryan, Michael E. Schiff, Frank W Sesno, Frank W Shlaes, Amity Ruth Ryan, Patrick G. Jr. Schiff, Karenna Gore Sestanovich, Stephen R. Shoemaker, Christopher C. Schifter, Richard Sevilla, Christina R. Shonholtz, Raymond Schijman, E. Alixandret Sewall.JohnO. B. Shribman, David M.* Sacerdote, Peter M. Schiller, Vivian L.* Sewall, Sarah Shriver, Donald W Sachs, Jeffrey D. Schlefer, Mark P Sewell,John W. Shujohnt Sacks, Paul M. Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. Sexton, John E. Shulman, Colette Saeed, Ahmed M. Schlesinger, James R. Seymour, Frances J. Shulman, Marshall D. Sagan, Scott D. Schlesinger, Stephen C. Shafer, D. Michael Shultz, George P Sakoian, Carol Knuth Schlosser, Herbert S. Shafer, Jeffrey R. Shultz, Susan Kent Fried* Salacuse, Jeswald William Schmemann, Serge Shaheen, Mark A. t Shuman, David L.t Salazar, Ana Maria Schmertz, Herbert Shailor, Barbara Shuman, Stanley S. Salem, George R. Schmidt, Benno Jr. Shalala, Donna E. Sick, Gary G. Salomon, Richard E. Schmoke, Kurt L. Shalikashvilijohn M. Siebert, Muriel F Salomon, William R. Schneider, Jan Shambaugh, David Siegal, Bippy M. Salzhauer, Amy Lynn Schneider, William Shanker, Thomas Daniel Siegel, William D. Salzman, Anthony David Schneider, William Jr. Shapiro, Andrew J.* Siegman, Henry Samore, Gary Schneier, Arthur Shapiro, Andrew L. Sievers, Sara E. Sample, Steven B. Schoen, Douglas E. Shapiro, Daniel B.t Sifton, Elisabeth N. Samuels, Barbara Christie II Schoettle, Enid C.B. Shapiro, Hal Scott Sigal, Leon V. Samuels, Michael A. Schoff, James L. Shapiro, Harold T. Sigmund, Paul E. Samuels, RichardJ. Schorr, Daniel L. Shapiro, Isaac Sikkink, Kathryn A. Samway, Michael A. Schrage, Elliot J. Shapiro, Judith R. Silas, C.J. Sanchez, Miguel Antonio Schreiber, Brian T. Shaplen, Jason T. Silber, Laura J. Sanchez, Orlando Schroeder, Christopher Sharma, Anitat Silberman, Laurence H. Sharp, Daniel A. Silberman, Robert S. Sandalow, David Matthew Shattuckjohn Silberstein, Alan M. Sandel, Michael J. Schubert, Richard F Shea, Dorothy C. Silkenat, James R. Sander, Alison B. Schuepbach, Martin A. Shearer, Brooke L. Silver, Allison Sanders, Barry A. Schuh, G. Edward Sheehan, Kevin E Silver, Daniel B. Sanders, Marlene Schuker, Jill A. Sheehan, Michael A. Silver, Ron Sands, Amy Schulhof, Michael Peter Sheffield, Jill W Silvers, Robert B. Sanger, David E. Schulz, William E Shehabi, Soroush Richard Simes, Dimitri K. Sapiro, Miriam Schumacher Matos, Edward Sheinbaum, Stanley K. Simmons, Adele Sapolsky Harvey M. Schumer, Charles E. Sheldon, Eleanor B. Simmons, Jamal N. Sargeant, Stephen Thomas Schwab, George D. Shelley, Sally Swing Simmons, Matthew R. Sarotte, Mary Elise Schwab, Susan Carroll Shelp, Ronald K. Simmons, R J. Sassen, Saskia Schwartz, Bernard L. Shelton, Joanna Reed Simmons, Ruth J. Sasser, James R. Schwartz, Eric Paul Shelton-Colby, Sally A. Simon, Francoise L. Satcher, David Schwartz, Norton A. Shenk, George H. Simon, Hugh V Jr. Satloff, Robert B. Schwartz, Peter Shepard, Stephen B. Sims, Calvin G. Saul, Ralph Southey Schwarz, Adam Shepardson, Robert Thomas Sims, Robert B. Saunders, Harold H. Schwarzer, William W Shepherd, J. Michael Sinclair, Paula J. Savage, Frank Schwarzman, Stephen A. Shepherd, Karen F Sinding, Steven W. Sawoski, Mark Schwebel, Stephen M. Sheriff, Alan R. Singer, Peter Warren Sawyer, Diane Sciolino, Elaine F Sherman, Michael Singham, Shanker A. Sawyer, Reid L.t Sciutto, James E. Sherman, Wendy R. Singleton, Lincoln Cameront Scalapino, Robert A. Scowcroft, Brent Sherry, George L. Sinkin, Richard N. Schacht, Henry B. Scranton, William W

* Elected to membership in 2004. T Elected to five-year term membership in 2004.

100 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Sisco, Joseph John Solomon, Joshua N. Steinberg, James B. Sullivan, Gina E. Sitrick, James Baker Solomon, Peter J. Steinberg, Mark R. Sullivan, Gordon R. Skidmore, Thomas E. Solomon, Richard H. Steinberg, Richard H. Sullivan, John D.* Skinner, Elliott P. Solomon, Robert Steinbruner, John D. Sullivan, Louis W Skinner, Kiron Kanina Sonenshine, H. Marshall Steiner, Daniel Summers, Lawrence H. Sklarew, Jennifer Friedman Sonenshine, Tara Diane Steiner, Joshua L. Sunderland, Jack B. Skol, Michael M. Song, Diana M.H. Steiner, Steven E. Sundiata, Ibrahim K. Skolnikoff, Eugene B. Sonnenberg, Maurice Stempel,JohnD. Supanc, Patrick Moore Slade, David R. Sonnenfeldt, Helmut Stent, Angela Evelyn Suro, Roberto A. Slaughter, Anne-Marie Sonnenfeldt, Richard W Stepan, Alfred C. Suslow, Leo A. Slaughter, Matthew J. Sorensen, Gillian Martin Stern, David J. Sutphen, Mona K. Slaughter, Richard A. Sorensen, Juliet Suzanne Stern, Fritz Sutterlin, James S. Slavin, Barbara Sorensen, Theodore C. Stern, H. Peter Sutton, Francis X. Slawson, Paul S. Soros, George Stern, Jeffrey Suzman, Cedric Sloane, Ann Brownell Soros, Jonathan Tivadar Allan Stern, Jessica E. Swank, Emory C. Sloane, Margaret Soros, Paul Stern, Paula Swanson, Carl Axel Slocombe, Walter B. Soudriette, Richard W. Stern, Todd D. Sweeney, John J. Small, Lawrence M. Sovern, Michael I. Stern, Walter P Sweitzer, Brandon W Smalley, Kathleen Spagnuolo, Stephen A.t Sternberg, Marc S.t Swid, Scott L. Smalley, Patricia T. Spahn, Blake A. Sternberg, Seymour Swid, Stephen Claar Smart, Christopher W. Spain, James W. Sterner, Michael E. Swiers, Peter Bird Smart, S. Bruce Jr. Spalter, Jonathan Stetson, Anne Swing, John Temple Smeall, Christopher Spaner, Jonathan S. Stevens, Charles R. Szporluk, Roman Smith, Andrew E Spangler, Scott M. Stevens, James W. Smith, Clint E. Spears, Suzanne Alexandra Stevens, Paul Schott Stevens, Robert J.* Smith, Dane EJr. Spector, Leonard S. Taft, Julia Vadala Stevenson, Adlai E. Smith, David Shiverick Speedie, David C. Taft, William H. IV Stevenson, Charles A. Smith, DeWitt C. Jr. Spencer, Edson W. Tagliabue, Paul Stewart, Donald M. Smith, Edwin M. Sperling, Gene B. Tahir-Kheli, Shirin R. Stewart, Evan Smith, Fern M.* SperoJoanE. Talbot, Phillips Stewart, Gordon C. Smith, Gayle E. Spero,JoshuaB. Talbott, Strobe Stewart, Jamie B. Jr. Smith, Hedrick L. Speth, James Gustave Talwar, Puneet Stewart, Ruth Ann Smith, Jean Kennedy Speyer, Jerry I. Tan Bhala, Kara WY. Stiehm, Judith Hicks Smith, Jeffrey H. Speyer, Robert J. f Tang, David K.Y. Stightz, Joseph E. Smith, John T. II Spiegel, Daniel L. Tanner, Harold Stiles, Deborah F Smith, Malcolm B. Spiegel, John W. Tanter, Raymond Stith, Kate Smith, Michael B. Spielvogel, Carl Tapia, Raul R. Stobaugh, Robert B. Smith, Michelle A. Spiers, Ronald I. Tarnoff, Peter Stockman, David A. Smith, Perry M. SpindlerJ. Andrew Tarter, C. Bruce Stoessinger, John G. Smith, Peter Hopkinson Spinelli-Noseda, Carlos Javier Tarullo, Daniel K. Stoga, Alan J. Smith, R.Jeffrey Spiro, Herbert John Tatlock, Anne M.* Stokes, Bruce Smith, Richard M. Spratt.JohnM.Jr. Tauber, Charles E. Stoll, Ira E. Smith, Stephen G. Stack-O'Connor, Alisa Taubman, William Smith, Theodore M. Stacks, John Stone, Christopher B.t Taylor, Arthur R. Smith, Tony Stahl, Lesley R. Taylor, Cathy L.t Smith, W. Y. Stone, JeremyJ. Stalson, Helena Stonesifer, Patricia Q. Taylor, James S. Smith, Winthrop H. Jr. Stam, Allan C. Taylor, Kathryn Pelgrift Smoots, Samuel D. Straus, Donald B. Stamas, Stephen Straus, Oscar S. II Teece, David J. Snider, Don M. Stanford, Nina Zinterhofer Teichner, Martha A. Snider, L. Britt Strauss, Robert S. Stanger, Allison* Streeb, Gordon L.* Teitel, Ruti G. Snow, Robert Anthony Stanley, Peter W Teitelbaum, Michael S. Snowe, OlympiaJ. Stremlau,JohnJ. Stanley-Mitchell, Elizabeth A. Stringer, Howard Telhami, Shibley Snyder, Jed C. Stanton, Frank Tellis, Ashley Joachim Snyder, Richard E. Strmecki, Marin J. Staples Durkin, Kristen Strock, James M. Tempelsman, Maurice Snyder, Timothy D. Staples, Eugene S. Temple-Raston, Dina Simone Sobol, Dorothy Meadow Stromseth.JaneE. Starr, Kenneth I. Stroock, Thomas E Tenet, George J. Soderberg, Nancy E. Starr, S. Frederick Terracciano, Anthony P. Sofaer, Abraham David Strossen, Nadine Steadman, Richard C. Studeman, William O. Terry, Sarah M. Sohn, Louis B. Steel, Ronald Theobald, Thomas C. Solarz, Stephen J. Styron, Rose Steiger, Paul E. Sudarkasa, Niara Theros, Patrick N.* Solnick, Steven L. Stein, David F Thiessen, Marc Alexander Solomon, Andrew Wallace Sufi, Awaist Stein, Elliot Sughrue, Karen M. Thiessen, Pamela Beth Solomon, Anne G.K. Stein, Eric Thoman, G. Richard Solomon, Anthony M. Suh, Ryung Steinberg, David J. Suleiman, Ezra Thomas, Barbara S.

101 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Thomas, Brooks Treverton, Gregory Frye Van Oudenaren, John Walker, George R. Thomas, Evan W III Trice, Robert H. Jr. Van Zandt, David Edgar Walker, Gregg Alexander Thomas, Franklin A. Trimble, Charles R. Vande Berg, Marsha Walker, Jenonne Thomas, James E* Trojan, Vera M. vanden Heuvel, Katrina Walker, John L. Thomas, Lee B. Jr. Trooboff, Peter D. vanden Heuvel, William J. Walker-Huntley Mary L. Thomas, Lydia Waters Trowbridge, Alexander B. Vandenberg, Martina E. Wallace, Roger Windham Thomas, Troy S. Truitt, Nancy Sherwood Varela, Marta B. Wallander, Celeste Ann Thomas-Graham, Pamela A.* Truman, Edwin M. Varmus, Harold E. Wallerstein, Mitchel B. Thompson, Fred D. Tsalik, Svetlanat Vasquez, Ian A. Wallich, Christine I. Thompson, Robert L. Tsehai, Elizabeth G. Vecchi, Sesto E. Wallison, Peter J. Thompson, W. Scott Tsingos, Basilios E. Veit, Carol Michele Walsh, Ian Kennard Thomson, James A. Tsipis, Kosta Veit, Lawrence A. Walsh, Michaela L. Thornburgh, Dick Tucher, H. Anton Veliotes, Nicholas A. Walt, Stephen M. Thornell, Richard P Tucker, Cynthia A. Vendley William F Walters, Barbara Thornton, John L. Tucker, Jonathan B. Verleger, Philip K. Jr. Walton, Anthony John Thoron, Louisa Tucker, Nancy Bernkopf Verma, Gagant Walton, R. Keith Tien, John K.Jr.* Tucker, Richard Frank Verma, Richard R. Waltz, Kenneth N. Tierney, Paul E. Jr. Tucker, Robert W Vermilye, Peter H. Wanger, Leah Zell Tierney Trish E.t Tuggle, Clyde C. Verstandig, Toni G. Ward, Jennifer C. Tiersky Ronald Tuminez, Astrid S. Verville, Elizabeth G. Ward, Katherine T. Till, Kimberly Tung, Ko-Yung Vessey John W Ware, Carl Tillman, Seth P Tunnell, David Randolph Vester, Linda J. Warner, Edward L. Ill Tillou, Susan Lynne Turck, Nancy B. Viccellio, Henry Jr. Warner, John William Timbers, William FL* Turner, J. Michael Vicenzino, Marco S. Warner, Margaret G. Timothy Kristen Turner, James M. Vick, Edward H. Warner, Volney James Timpson, Sarah Livingston Turner, Robert F Victor, Alice S. Warren, Gerald L. Tindell, Cynthia A.* Turner, Stansheld Vidal, David J. Washburn, John L. Tipson, Frederick S. Tusiani, Michael D. Videt, Pote R Wasserman, Debra L. Tirana, Amina* Tyrrell, R. Emmettjr. Viebranz, Curtis G. Wasserstein, Bruce Tisch, Andrew Herbert Tyson, Carole Henderson Viederman, Stephen Waterburyjohn Tisch, James S.* Tyson, Laura DAndrea Viets, Richard Noyes Waterston, Line Lillevik Tisch, Preston Robert Vila, Adis M. Watson, Alexander E Todman, Terence A. U Vinjamuri, Leslie Watson, Peter S. Toft, Monica Duffy Udovitch, Abraham L. Viorst, Milton Watts, John H Toll, MaynardJ.Jr. Uhlig, Mark Viscusi, Enzo Watts, William Toloui, Ramin Ullman, Richard H. Vitale, Alberto Waxman, Matthew C. Tomlinson, Alexander C. Ulman, Cornelius M. Vitale, DavidJ. Weatherstone, Dennis Toomey Kathleen Elizabeth* Ulrich, Marybeth Peterson Voell, Richard Allen Weaver, David R. Topping, Audrey Ronning Ungar, SanfordJ. Vogel, Ezra E Webb, Hoyt K. Topping, Seymour Unger, David C. Vogelgesang, Sandy Louise Weber, Doron Torano, Maria Elena Upton, Maureen T. Vogelsonjay M. Weber, Vin Torop, Jonathan Pt Usher, William R. Vojta, George J. Webster, William H. Torres, Art Usher, William R. lilt Volcker, Paul A. Wechsler, William Frederick Torres, Gerald Utgoff, Victor A. Volk, Stephen R. Weddle, Steven Torricelli, Robert G. Utley Garrick von Eckartsberg, K. Gayle Rose Wedgwood, Ruth Toth, Robert C. Uzeta, Jaime Ernesto von Hagen, Mark Louis Wehrle, Leroy Snyder Toungara, Jeanne Maddox Weidenbaum, Murray Townsend, Kathleen Kennedy von Lipsey Rod von Mehren, Robert B. Weigel, George Trachtenberg, Stephen Joel Weiksner, George B. Train, Harry D. II Vaccaro, Jonathan Matthew Votaw, Carmen Delgado Vagliano, Sara Vradenburg, George III* Weil, Frank A. Train, John Weinberg, John L. Vagts, Detlev F Vuono, Carl E. Train, Russell E. Weinberg, Steven Trainor, Bernard E. Vaitheeswaran, Vijay V Vaky Viron P W Weinberger, Caspar W Tran, Ly K. Weinert, Richard S. Valenta,Jiri Wachner, Linda J. Trani, Eugene P Weinrod, W Bruce Valenti.Jack* Wachtel, Andrew Baruch Traub, James* Weinstein, David E. Valentine, Debra A. Wadsworth-Darby Mary Travis, Martin B. Jr. Weinstein, Jeremy M.t Valenzuela, Arturo A. Waggoner, Robert C. Treadway Stephen J. Weinstein, Michael M. van der Vink, Gregory E. Wais, Marshall I. Jr. Treanor, Adam J. t Wemstock, Davis II* Van Dusen, Michael H. Waldron, Arthur Treanor, Mark C. Weintraub, Sidney Van Dyk, Ted Wales, Jane M. Treat, John Elting Weisberg, Jacob M. Van Evera, Stephen Walker, Anna Rachael Trebat, Thomas J. Weisman, Steven R. Van Fleet, James Alward Walker, Chads E.

' Elected to membership in 2004. t Elected to five-year term membership in 2004.

102 MEMBERSHIP ROSTER

Weiss, Andrew S. Wien, Anita Volz " Witkowsky, Anne A. Young, Alice Weiss, Charles Jr. Wiener, Carolyn Seely Wittes, Tamara Cofman Young, Andrew Weiss, Cora Wiener, Malcolm H. Woerner, Fred E Young, Edgar B. Weiss, Edith Brown Wiesel, Elie Wofford, Harris L. Young, George H. Ill Weiss, Elizabeth Anne Wiesel, Elisha Wohlforth, William Curti Young, Gwen Kathleen Weiss, Stanley A. Wilby Peter Wohlstetter, Roberta Young, Jay T. Weiss, Thomas G. Wilcox, Elizabeth Roberts Wolf, Charles Jr. Young, M. Crawford Welch, C. David Wildenthal, C. Kern Wolf, Ira Young, Michael K. Welch, Jasper A. Jr. Wiley, Richard A. Wolf, Milton A. Young, Nancy Welch, Larry D. Wilhelm, Robert E. Wolfensohn, James D. Youngblood, Kneeland C. Weld, Susan R. Wilkerson, Thomas Lloyd Wolff, Alan Wm. Youngwood, Alfred D. Weld, William E Wilkie, Edith B. Wolff, I. Peter Yu, Frederick TC. Welker, David P. Wilkins, Roger W Wolff, Jason R.t Yudkin, Richard A. Weller, David L. Wilkinson, Sharon P Wolfowitz, Paul D. Yun, Philip W* Wells, Damon Wille, Serena B.t WolfsthalJonB. Yzaguirre, Raul H. Wells, Louis T Williams, Aaron S. Wolin, Neal S. Wells, Samuel EJr. Williams, Brian D. Wolosky, Lee S. Wells, Walter N. Williams, Christine Wolpe, Howard Zabel, William D. Wender, Ira T Williams, Cindy Wolstencroft, Tracy R. Zagoria, Donald S. Wendt, Allan Williams, Dave H. Woo-Cumings, Meredith Zahn, Paula A. Wertheim, Mitzi Mallina Williams, Eddie Nathan Woodruff, Judy C. Zakaria, Arshad R. Wesbrook, Stephen D. Williams, Harold M. Woods, Ward W Zakaria, Fareed Weschler, Joanna Williams, Haydn Woodward, Susan L. Zake, Florence S.N. Wesely Edwin J. Williams, Howard Roy Woolsey, R. James Zakheim, Dov S. Wessel, Michael R.* Williams, Joseph W Woolsey Suzanne H. Zaleski, Michel West, Francis J.* Williams, Lawrence H. Woon, Eden Y. Zangrillo, Robert Lawrence West, J. Robinson Williams, Margaret Douglas Worenklein, Jacob J. Zanoyan, Vahan B. West, Togo D. Jr. Williams, Michael J. Wortzel, Larry M.* Zarb, Frank G. Westfield, Elisa M.f Williams, Reba White Wosepka, Kent Zartman, 1. William Westin, David L. Williams, Thomas R. lit Wray Cecil Zbar, Brett I.Wt Westly Steven P* Williams, William J. Jr. Wriggins, W Howard Zegart, Amy B. Weston, Burns H. Williamson, Edwin D. Wright, Joseph R. Jr. Zeikel, Arthur Wethington, Olin L. Williamson, Irving A. Wright, L. Patrick Zelikow, Philip D. Wexler, Anne Williamson, Richard Salisbury Wright, Lawrence G* Zelnick, C. Robert Weymouth, Elizabeth G. Williamson, Samuel Gates Wright, MaticeJ. Zemmol, Jonathan I. Whalen, RichardJ. Willrich, Mason Wright, Robin Zilkha, Ezra K. Wharton, Clifton R. Jr. Wilmers, Robert G. Wright, William H. II Zimmerman, Edwin M. Wheeler, John K. Wilson, Don M. Ill Wu, Timothyt Zimmerman, Peter D. Wheeler, John PHI Wilson, Donald M. Wulf, Norman A. Zimmerman, William Whitaker, C. S. Wilson, Ernest James III Wyser-Pratte, Guy Patrick Zinberg, Dorothy Shore Whitaker, Jennifer Seymour Wilson, Margaret S. Zinder, Norton D. Whitaker, Mark Winch, Steven D.t Zinni, Anthony Charles White, John P Winden, Andrew William Yacoubian, Mona Zipp, Brian R. White, Julia A. Winfield, W Montague Yalman, Nur O. Zirin, James D. White, Laura J. t Wing, Adrien Katherine Zittrain, Jonathan L. Yan, Adele White, Mary Jo Winik, Jay Zlot, Andrew E. Yang, Linda Tsao White, Maureen Winkler, Matthew A. Zoellick, Robert B. Yang, Phoebe L. White, Peter C. Winokur, Herbert S. Jr. ZogbyJamesJ. Yankelovich, Daniel White, Robert J. Winston, Michael R. Zolberg, Aristide R. Yanney Michael B. White, William H. Winterer, Philip S. Zonis, Marvin Yao, Nancy Whitehead, John C. Winters, Francis X. Zoric, Iva Yates, Stephen Jerome Whitman, Christine Todd Winters, Laura Zorthian, Barry Yergin, Daniel H. Whitman, Marina v.N. Wirth, David A. Zucker, Howard Alan Yochelson, John N. Whitney, Christopher B.t Wirth, Timothy E. Zuckerman, Harriet Yoffie, David B. Whitney, Craig R. Wise, Carol Zuckerman, Mortimer B. Yoran, Catherine Lotrionte Whittemore, Frederick B. Wisner, Frank G. Zwick, Charles J. Yordan, Jaime Ernesto Wiarda, HowardJ. Wisner, Graham G Zysman,John A. Yost, Casimir A.

103 CREDITS

Editor: Patricia Lee Dorff Designer: Gene Crofts Assistant Editor: Jennifer Anmuth Photo Editor: Marie X. Strauss Publications Intern: Sehr Karim Copy Editor: Traci C. Nagle Cover Design: Etsuko Iseki

PHOTOS Irina A. Faskianos: 40 Ken Levinson: 5 center left and bottom right, 6 bottom left, 7 top right, 9, 11 top, 12 top, 14, 21, 24 top center, middle center, and bottom left, 26, 28 top, 29 top, 32, 33, 35, 41, 42, 43, 48 Don Pollard: 5 bottom left, 6 top left, 7 center left and center right, 11 bottom, 13, 24 bottom middle and top right, 34, 44, 46, 47, 51 top and bottom Sardari.com: 1, 5 top right, 6 top right, center right, and bottom right, 7 top and bottom left, 10, 12 bottom, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24 top left, 27, 28 bottom, 36, 37, 38, 39 bottom, 51 center U.S. Navy Photographer: 49 Zweig Photography: 39 top

FRONT COVER PHOTOS* (LEFT TO RIGHT) Iraqi women wait at a Baghdad office window for their monthly pensions (September 9, 2003). In New Delhi, India, Congress Party supporters celebrate the claimed victory of Sonia Gandhi as India's next prime minister (May 13, 2004). U.S. soldiers arrive on the scene of a car bomb that exploded outside the main gate to the headquarters of the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq (January 18, 2004). Members of the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps raise the Iraqi flag at their base in Baghdad (June 29, 2004). Sudanese refugees sit outside their tent in the Koumouangou refugee camp in Chad near the Sudan border (July 6, 2004).

BACK COVER PHOTOS* (LEFT TO RIGHT) Venezuela's President Hugo Chavez greets his supporters outside Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, hours after the National Elections Council projected that he would face a recall vote (June 3, 2004). Saddam Hussein is led into a courtroom at Camp Victory, a former presidential palace on the outskirts of Baghdad (July 1, 2004). Taliban and al-Qaeda detainees sit in a holding area at Camp X-Ray at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, during in- processing to the temporary detention facility (January 11, 2002). An Afghan woman gets her voter identification card as others wait at a voter registration center in Kabul, Afghanistan (July 18, 2004). An unidentified North Korean bids farewell to her South Korean brother after a reunion of the separated family members (July 13, 2004).

* Reprinted with permission from AP/World Wide Photos.

104