Die US-Amerikanische First Lady Und Die Inszenierung Der Präsidentenehe in Den Wahlkämpfen 1964 - 1996

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Die US-Amerikanische First Lady Und Die Inszenierung Der Präsidentenehe in Den Wahlkämpfen 1964 - 1996 Die US-amerikanische First Lady und die Inszenierung der Präsidentenehe in den Wahlkämpfen 1964 - 1996 Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophischen Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Detlef Junker Zweitgutachter: PD Dr. Philipp Gassert Vorgelegt von Christine Weiss Isländische Str. 1 10439 Berlin Tel: 0163 3388109 Email: [email protected] Inhalt iii Inhalt Abbildungsverzeichnis.............................................................................................v Abkürzungsverzeichnis..........................................................................................vii A Einleitung........................................................................................................9 B Die First Ladys in den Wahlkämpfen 1964 - 1996....................................18 B 1 Die First Ladys in den Wahlkämpfen vor 1964......................................20 B 2 Lady Bird Johnson: Der Wahlkampf 1964.............................................33 B 2.1 Kurzbiographie ..............................................................................33 B 2.2 Der Wahlkampf 1964.....................................................................34 B 3 Pat Nixon: Die Wahlkämpfe 1968 und 1972..........................................50 B 3.1 Kurzbiographie ..............................................................................51 B 3.2 Der Wahlkampf 1968.....................................................................51 B 3.3 Der Wahlkampf 1972.....................................................................55 B 4 Betty Ford: Der Wahlkampf 1976..........................................................61 B 4.1 Kurzbiographie ..............................................................................62 B 4.2 Der Wahlkampf 1976.....................................................................62 B 5 Rosalynn Carter: Die Wahlkämpfe 1976 und 1980 ...............................78 B 5.1 Kurzbiographie ..............................................................................78 B 5.2 Der Wahlkampf 1976.....................................................................79 B 5.3 Der Wahlkampf 1980.....................................................................86 B 6 Nancy Reagan: Die Wahlkämpfe 1980 und 1984 ..................................97 B 6.1 Kurzbiographie ..............................................................................98 B 6.2 Der Wahlkampf 1980.....................................................................98 B 6.3 Der Wahlkampf 1984...................................................................102 B 7 Barbara Bush: Die Wahlkämpfe 1988 und 1992 .................................114 B 7.1 Kurzbiographie ............................................................................114 B 7.2 Der Wahlkampf 1988...................................................................115 B 7.3 Der Wahlkampf 1992...................................................................122 B 8 Hillary Clinton: Die Wahlkämpfe 1992 und 1996 ...............................134 B 8.1 Kurzbiographie ............................................................................135 B 8.2 Der Wahlkampf 1992...................................................................136 B 8.3 Der Wahlkampf 1996...................................................................151 B 9 Zusammenfassung und Vergleich.........................................................170 Inhalt iv C Erklärung ...................................................................................................175 C 1 Politisches System................................................................................179 C 1.1 Präsidentielles System .................................................................179 C 1.2 Wahlsystem und Wahlverhalten...................................................190 C 1.3 Bedeutung der Parteien und Wahlkampfmanagement.................198 C 2 Politische Kultur..................................................................................208 C 2.1 Der Präsident und die First Lady als nationales Symbol.............208 C 2.2 Der Präsident und die First Lady als moralisches Vorbild...........216 C 2.3 Der Präsident und die First Lady als Identifikationsfigur............230 C 3 Mediensystem.......................................................................................243 C 4 Journalistische Kultur..........................................................................254 D Resumé........................................................................................................265 E Anhang........................................................................................................278 F Literaturverzeichnis ..................................................................................282 F 1 Quellen.................................................................................................282 F 1.1 Ungedruckte Quellen ...................................................................282 F 1.2 Gedruckte Quellen .......................................................................285 F 1.3 Interviews.....................................................................................288 F 2 Darstellungen.......................................................................................289 Inhalt v Abbildungen Abbildung 1: Medienpräsenz von Kandidatenehefrauen im internationalen Vergleich...........................................................10 Abbildung 2: Erwähnungen der Kandidatenehefrauen in den Zeitungen New York Times und Washington Post.......................................18 Abbildung 3: Florence und Warren Harding im Wahlkampf, 1920.......................23 Abbildung 4: Wahlplakat und Wahlkampfbuttons Frances Cleveland ..................24 Abbildung 5: Werbekarte Frances und Grover Cleveland.....................................25 Abbildung 6: Eleanor und Franklin D. Roosevelt im Wahlkampf.........................27 Abbildung 7: Bess Truman und Tochter Margaret bei der Nominierungsversammlung der Demokraten, 1944..................28 Abbildung 8: Jackie und John F. Kennedy im Wahlkampf, 1960..........................30 Abbildungen 9 und 10: Postkarte Lady Bird Special.............................................45 Abbildung 11: Lady Bird Johnson im Lady Bird Special, Oktober 1964..............46 Abbildung 12: Wahlkampfanstecker: Lyndon B. Johnson, 1964...........................48 Abbildung 13: Lyndon und Lady Bird Johnson im Lady Bird Special, 1964........49 Abbildung 14: Medienberichterstattung über Pat Nixon im Vergleich .................50 Abbildung 15: Richard und Pat Nixon, abgebildet in einer Wahlkampfbroschüre 1968........................................................53 Abbildung 16: Szenenauszug aus der CBS-Sendung Weihnachten bei den Nixons, 1971............................................58 Abbildung 17: Pat Nixon in Moskau, 1972 ...........................................................60 Abbildung 18: Karikatur Betty Ford Daily News, 1976 ........................................61 Abbildung 19: Betty Ford vor Journalisten, 1975 .................................................66 Abbildung 20: Karikatur Familie Ford Los Angeles Times, 1975 .........................69 Abbildung 21: Wahlplakat Betty und Gerald Ford, 1976 ......................................73 Abbildung 22: Karikatur Rosalynn und Jimmy Carter, Washington Post, 1978 ..............................................................80 Abbildung 23: Karikatur Rosalynn Carter Los Angeles Times, 1978 ....................86 Abbildung 24: Karikatur Jimmy Carter Detroit News, 1978.................................89 Abbildung 25: Rosalynn Carter Titelbild The Atlanta Journal & Constitution Magazine, 1979.....................................................90 Abbildung 26: Nancy Reagan Titelbild New Republic, 1985................................97 Abbildung 27: Nancy und Ronald Reagan im Wahlkampf, 1980 .........................99 Abbildung 28: Wahlplakat Familie Bush, 1988...................................................116 Abbildung 29: Familie Bush auf der Nominierungsversammlung der Republikaner, 1988..................................................................118 Abbildung 30: Karikatur George Bush und Ronald Reagan, 1988 .....................120 Abbildung 31: Barbara und George Bush im Oval Office...................................121 Abbildung 32: Wahlkampfanstecker Barbara und George Bush, 1992 ...............127 Abbildung 33: Karikatur Barbara und George Bush Buffalo News, 1992...........129 Abbildung 34: Hillary und Bill Clinton im Wahlkampf, 1992 ............................138 Abbildung 35: Erwähnung Hillary Clintons in der New York Times, Washington Post und Los Angeles Times, 1992.......................144 Inhalt vi Abbildung 36: Karikatur Hillary Clinton Los Angeles Times, 1992....................147 Abbildung 37: Hillary und Bill Clinton, Tipper und Al Gore im Wahlkampf....151 Abbildung 38: Vergleich der Umfragewerte zur Gesundheitsreform und zu Hillary Clinton............................................................155 Abbildung 39: Karikatur Hillary und Bill Clinton Washington Post, 1994.........156 Abbildung 40: Karikatur Bill Clinton in Best Editorial Cartoons, 1995............156 Abbildung 41: Karikatur Hillary Clinton in Best Editorial Cartoons, 1994 .......157 Abbildung 42: Erwähnung Hillary Clintons und Bill Clintons in New York Times, 1992 und 1996 im Vergleich ........................160
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