June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21071 H. Res. 1211. May 21, 1976. Elects the Hon­ H. Res. 1218, May 26, 1976. Sets forth the shall have the responsibility for investigat­ orable John J. McFall, a Representative from rule for the consideration of H.R. 9560. ing health measures generally, health facili­ the State of California, as the Speaker pro H. Res. 1219. May 26, 1976. Sets forth the ties, health care programs, national health tempore during the absence of the Speaker rule for the consideration of H.R. 10930. insurance, public health and quarantine, and of the House. H. Res. 1220. May 26, 1976. Sets forth the biomedical research and development. H. Res. 1212. May 24, 1976. Expresses the rule for the consideration of H.R. 12169. H. Res. 1227. June 1, 1976. Interior and condolences of the House of Representatives H. Res. 1221. May 26, 1976. Sets forth the Insular Affairs. Recommends that the Board on the death of the Honorable Torbert H. rule for the consideration of H.R. 13555. on Geographic Names approve a proposal to Macdonald, Representative from the State H. Res. 1222. May 26, 1976. Sets forth the name two mountains in Ala.ska after the of Massachusetts. rule for the consideration of H.R. 13655. late Congressmen Hale Boggs and Nick H. Res. 1213. May 24, 1976. Judiciary. Refers H. Res. 1223. May 27, 1976. Post Office and Begich. H.R. 13943 to the Chief Commissioner of the Civil Service. Expresses the sense of the House of Representatives that the United H. Res. 1228. June 1, 1976. Interior and Court of Claims. Insular Affairs. Recommends that the Board H. Res. 1214. May 24, 1976. Sets forth the States Postal Service shall not close or sus­ rule for the consideration of H.R. 12945. pend the operation of any post office unless on Geographic Names approve a p1·oposal to H. Res. 1215. May 25, 1976. Interior and there is a clear and compelling need to do so. name two mountains in Alaska after the Insular Affairs. Expresses the sense of the H. Res. 1224. May 27, 1976. Rules. Estab­ late Congressmen Hale Boggs and Nick House of Representatives that the President lishes the House Committee on Intelligence Begich. of the United States should direct the Sec­ to oversee and make continuing studies of H. Res. 1229. June 1, 1976. Interior and retary of the Interior to make prompt ar­ the intelligence activities and programs of Insular Affairs. Recommends that the Board rangements to conserve the helium which the U.S. Government. on Geographic Names approve a proposal to is now being extracted and then vented into H. Res. 1225. June 1, 1976. Rules. Estab­ name two mountains in Alaska after the the atmosphere. lishes the House Committee on Health which late Congressmen Hale Boggs and Nick H. Res. 1216. May 26, 1976. Post Office and shall have the responsibility for investigat­ Begich. Civil Service. Expresses the sense of the ing health measures generally, health facili­ H. Res. 1230. June 1, 1976. Interior and House of Representatives that the United Insular Affairs. Recommends that the Board States Postal Service shall not close or sus­ ties, health care programs, national health pend the operation of any post office unless insurance, public health and quarantine, and on Geographic Names approve a proposal to there is a clear and compelling need to do so. biomedical research and development. name two mountains in Alaska after the H. Res. 1217. May 26, 1976. Sets forth the H. Res. 1226. June 1, 1976. Rules. Estab­ late Congressmf:n Hale Boggs and Nick rule for the conside1·ation of H.R. 6218. lishes the House Committee on Health which Begich.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MAC KANTOR-A GOOD MAN TO Mac Kantor was the speaker at the annual had doue it without a college degree more meeting of the State Historical Society in than a decade earlier. (He was a columnist FOLLOW Iowa City (I believe it was in 1972 or 1973), for The Des Moines Tribune-kinda the Don and I was the speaker in 1974. I reflected at Kaul, Bob Hullihan or Gordon Gamma.ck of HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY that time that it seemed to me that I hav& that era.) been following Mac Kantor all my life. As a successful Iowa author and alumnus OF IOWA He has proved a good man to follow. As of the Register and Tribune, Mac Kantor and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an historical novelist Mac has few peers. his occasional eccentricities were still topics Monday, June 28, 1976 My first recollection of him was in the of discussion in the newsroom. Editor Ken­ mid-1930's when I noted that MacKinlay neth MacDonald and Managing Editor Frank Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, on June Kantor, an Iowan, was the author of the Eyerly had known him, as had many others 12, one of the great men from my State, story for the movie, "The Voice of Bugle on the staff. They revelled in his success, and from my district, in fact, Clark Mollen­ Ann." It was a. haunting tale about a hunt­ I felt a kinship simply because we claimed ho:ff, was honored in his hometown of ing dog, and it struck a responsive note with the same home town. me because a neighbor in Lohrville was an And so it has been through the years. Al­ Webster City, Iowa, with the dedication avid coon hunter who kept several dogs. ways following Mac Kantor. He i·eceived a of a plaza bearing his name. He shared Mac Kantor was an Iowa author who, like Pulitzer Prize for "Andersonville" in 1957; that honor with another famous Webster Phil Stong, author of "State Fair," had and I received a Pulitzer for national report­ City product, MacKinlay Kantor. Both the good fortune of having his story bought ing of labor racketeering in 1958. are Pulitzer Prize winners, Mr. Mollen­ for the movies. Mac received an honorary Doctor of Litera­ hoff for his investigative reporting, Mr. I was living in Algona when I saw the ture degree from Drake University and gave Kantor for his historical novels. At the movie based on Mac's book, and he was al­ the commencement address in 1960. I fol­ dedication of the Kantor-Mollenhoff ready a boyhood hero when I moved with lowed him two years later. my family from Algona to Webster City in At the outset I wanted to be a novelist, Plaza, Webster City Mayor Bob Naden the summer of 1937. preferably a historical novelist. But I have said that probably no other city the size Kantor was back in Webster City that year found some of the events of the contempo­ of Webster City-population roughly to dig in some Indian mounds and do re­ rary history I have moved through to be 8,500-has produced two Pulitzer Prize search that I assume eventually became a more strange and more fascinating than any winners. I am proud to say I represent part of his book, "Spirit Lake." (It may have plots I might have conjured out of my imagi­ Webster City, and that I have had con­ been just a little shuffiing around with a nation. tact with at least one of its former resi­ shovel and crew to get the advantage of a In addition to Kantor, Dr. Faye Lewis was dents, Clark Mollenhoff. tax write-off on expenses to visit the old writing books and demonstrating that even home town.) women from Webster City could accomplish As an investigative reporter for the Kendal Young Library in Webster City such things. Des Moines Register for more than 20 had a whole shelf set aside for Kantor's In Junior College I read the classic "Auto­ years, Mr. Mollenhoff has uncovered mis­ books. It was quite impressive, and I set a biography of Lincoln Steffens" about a use of taxpayers' funds and betrayal of goal to try to read all of them. muckraking reporter in the era of Teddy public trust in all areas of political life, We lived at 923 First Street for a period Roosevelt. I read it with total fascination from the Des Moines Police Department of time, and it was the local street legend and absorption in Steffens' search for ethi­ to the White House. He has won every that Ma.c Kantor had acquired an early in­ cal standards in business and in the peri­ journalism award in existence at least terest in Civil War history from an old Civil odic reform movements that followed expo­ War veteran who had lived in a huge frame sure of corruption. once. house a block west. When I passed that As a 17-year-old boy, I was not only fas­ As a small recognition of his accom­ house I imagined the teen-age Kantor sitting cinated by Steffens' explorations of corrup­ plishments, I would like to print in the on the steps listening to the tales of the old tion, but privately deplored the fact that I RECORD Mr. Mollenhoff's comments at Civil War veteran. had been born 50 years too late to take part the Kantor-Mollenhoff Plaza earlier this I followed Mac Kantor in Miss Ethel Swan­ 1n those exciting forays against the forces of month: son's English Literature course at Webster evil. In my youthful naivety, I believed that City's Lincoln High School, and wrote a few MAC KANTo&-A Goon MAN To FOLLOW Steffens and his band of crusaders had pretty stories for the local Freeman Journal as he well cleansed America's cities and states. And Mac Kantor 1s a hard man to follow 1n had. done. what Iowa youth of that era could have the ceremonies here for he always seems to And, when I was graduated from Webster imagined there was any significant corrup­ put things in the precisely rlghit perspective. City Junior College, I had the audacity to tion in the Federal government 1n Washing­ But, I have become accustomed to following seek a Job as a reporter with the Des Moines ton-in institutions established by George Mac. Register and Tribune because Mac Kantor Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James 21072 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 Madison; and rededicated to all that was It flourished, if that is the word, from 1644 The granite blocks, a particularly hard and good. by Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, to 1653 on the banks of the Mount Wollaston weather-resistant stone capable of taking a Wood.row Wllson, and Fra.nklin D. Roosevelt? River in a section of Old Braintree called brilliant polish, were enroute to Charles­ There had been the Harding yea.rs and Tea­ "the Woods". It left its name on the river, town, where they were building a monument pot Dome scandals, but that bunch of now Furnace Brook in West Quincy. to the Battle of Bunker Hill. scoundrels had been tossed out of the pure Iron was an important commodity in The Granite Railway, the first such com­ white marble temples of Washington in short Colonial Massachusetts, particularly for nails mercial venture in the United States, was order. and pots and pans. Unfortunately, iron uten­ built specifically to transport stone tor the There were no scandals about Coolidge or sils had to be imported from England, a costly Bunker Hill Monument. Hoover, and although I associated Herbert process for the penny-wise colonists. That it became successful, and a model Hoover with responsibility for the great de­ With this in mind, John Winthrop Jr., son for others around the country, is a tribute pression, I almost forgave him that derelic­ of the governor of the Massachusetts Bay to three vastly dissimilar men, the engineer tion because he was born in West Branch, colony [Did someone cry "Nepotism?"], went Gridley Bryant, the architect Solomon Wil­ Iowa. to London and formed the "Company of lard and the financier Col. Thomas Handasyd Needless to say, it took only a few weeks Undertakers for the Ironworks in New Eng­ Perkins. as a 20-year-old reporter in Des Moines to land." He, of course, was the local a.gent. Bryant, who grew up poor down the coast learn that Lincoln Steffens hadn't quite elim­ The Company gave Winthrop a thousand in Scituate, was 37 at the time, but already inated corruption or favoritism, bribery pounds in capita.I and a work crew of inden­ an engineer of note. He once described his and brutality from the processes of govern­ tured servants, many of whom ran away when boyhood thusly: ment. they heard they were going to the wilds of "I was generally at the head of the young I was secretly pleased to discover that Lin­ America. Jail was better than that! urchins of our neighborhood and, when there coln Steffens had left a few little pockets of When, after a search from Maine to Ply­ was a fort to be constructed or a cabin to corrupt government. In time, I learned that mouth, he decided to locate in Quincy, Win­ be built in our plays. I was always appointed few elected ofilcials or police in Des Moines throp was also granted 3,000 acres of land, chief engineer by common consent." and Polk county had ever heard of Steffens, with subsidiary land rights elsewhere in the He was apprenticed to a Boston builder at and those who had were ignoring his warn­ colony, and a 21-year monopoly. 15, his own man at 21 and a success from ings. The operation was deemed of such impor­ the start. In the 35 years since I first went to work tance that the iron workers were given ex­ He invented the eight-wheeled railroad car as a police reporter, I have learned that man, emption from militia duty, this at a time and, when a fellow named Ross Winans of with all his wisdom, seldom learns from the when war was immlnent with the Narragan­ Baltimore sued to establish a patent on it, mistakes of others and most often fails to sett Indians and with Ninigret, sachem of the Bryant was able to prove his claim to the see the full lessons in his own mistakes. He Ni antics. satisfaction of the U.S. Supreme Court. remembers what he wants to remember so The first iron was turned out in 1644, but Nevertheless, he died broke. he can rationalize his biases and prejudices young Winthrop was fl.red the next year, to Willard, then 43, left the family farm in in politics, political institutions, and in his be succeeded by Richard Leader. It is inter­ Petersham in the wilds of central Massa­ judgments of people. esting to note that one of America's earliest chusetts for Boston to learn carpentry, which But with all of the mistakes and misjudg­ industrial magnates tolled for a salary of 100 led to wood-carving, then to stone-carving ments that all of us make, there 1s one thing pounds a year. to drawing to architecture. I am certain that Mac Kantor and I will The ore from which iron was blasted on From all accounts [no likeness of him agree on. We were fortunate to be born and the banks of Furnace Brook came from the exists] he was a bear of a man, gentle, oblig­ reared in north central Iowa.. We were for­ swamps and bogs. It was not a high qua.llty ing, industrious and thoughtful to a fault. tunate to have lived in Webster City and to product. Water power from a ~am thrown Frivolity, ft was said, was a.lien to him and have been educated in its school system, tor a.cross the Brook was inadequate. Quincy iron he was never known to run. He could be it is indeed a true land of opportunity for proved to be more expensive than the Im­ crotchety, too. anyone who wm give it a try. ported kind. When Perkins, who well knew the value of While Mac Kantor and I are deeply moved The Company of Undertakers appealed for a dollar, suggested that he might be spend­ by this honor from our home town, this cere­ fresh money in 1646 and apparently there ing too much money, Willard quit in a huff mony is signtilcant only as it influences the were enough investors ready to send good and refused to come back until Perkins lives of Webster City's young people now money after bad because the furnace was ["the most Unfit person on earth"] was and in the future. Whatever we have done ts stlll in operation in 1650 when the Scotch eased out as secretary of the Bunker Hill done. Whatever we do in the future is prob­ Prisoners arrived. Association. ably unrelated to this event. The Scots were rugged Highlanders soldiers Perkins was the autocratic, 52-year-old in the army of the future King Charles II If this ceremony-if some words on that merchant king of Boston who was said to who were captured by Oliver cromwell at have been offered the post of Secretary of granite monument--1! some words spoken the Battle of Dunbar. They suffered the fate here-give confidence or inspiration to even the Navy by President George Washington, common to most 17th Century prisoners of and turned it down with the observation one person, so that he or she achieves what war. might not have been dared, this event will that he owned more ships than the Navy. have been worth all of the hard work and Cromwell shipped 272 of them to New Eng­ It was Perkins who lobbied the Rallway's land, cheap labor in an effort to nake the charter through a puzzled and obstinate dedication that Roger Ba.Isley, Jerry Wells, Quincy iron works a paying proposition. It and Bill Groves have put into this Twin Massachusetts Legislature, which had never Parks Plaza ceremony. That is what is im­ didn't work. The Company of Undertakers been called upon to incorporate a com­ portant. went bankrupt in 1653 and ""the Woods" went mercial railroad before. back to the bear and the deer. He invested in the Granite Railway reluc­ Meanwhile with the same Richard Leader tantly at first, then gradually bought out as a.gent, construction began on a second iron most of the other stockholders when his STEEL INDUSTRY BORN HERE works on the North Shore in Saugus in 1646. business sense told him the Railway had it­ IN 1644 When it was completed In 1650 It was recog­ self a captive customer, the Bunker Hill nized as the first integrated iron industry ln Association, in which he was also an omcer. America. "I think I may safely call it my road," he HON. JAMES A. BURKE once said, "not only because I set it agoing, OF ~!ASSACHUSETTS IT WAS THE DARNDEST LOOKING CONTRAPTION but because I own three-fifths of it." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BUT ••• Some of Perkins business acumen rubbed It was the darndest looking contraption off on Bryant and Willard, too. Monday, June 28, 1976 that many among the distinguished gather­ Exploring the hills of West Quincy, they ing had ever seen. came a.crGSS a ledge of seamless granite that Mr. BURKE of Massachuset~. Mr. Willard deemed just right for the monu­ Speaker, the city of Quincy, Mass., aside Each of the three wagons had ft)ur wheels, 6¥2 feet in diameter, surmounted by a smaller ment and Bryant bought it cheap with bor­ from being the birthplace of two Presi­ gear wheel which was used to raise and lower rowed money [$250] because the owner dents, has many other qualities which the cargo platform that was slung low be­ thought it worthless since it was so far from make it unique. Two of these qualities tween the wheels. transpoctatlon. were elaborated upon in the recent Bi­ It rode on foot-high wooden rails, topped Later, Bryant sold the rights to the quarry to the Bunker Hill Association for $375- by iron plate, which rested on stone sleepers centennial Issue of the Quincy Sun, and a $75 profit. I would like to take this opportunity to or cross ties, placed eight feet apart and firmly supported on crushed granite to a Even in its early days, the Granite Rail­ share them with my colleagues. depth beyond the frost line. way was a tourist attraction of some mag­ STEEL INDUSTRY BORN HERE IN 1644 On Saturday, Oct. 7, 1826, the wagons nitude. It failed after nine years of effort and, were laden with 16 tons of the finest Quincy Daniel Webster, who used to stop off for a. since failure was anathema in a growing granite and the opening day guests were pick-me-up in Quincy enroute flt'om Boston America, perhaps that is why the site and properly a.mazed when a single horse moved and Washington to his home in Marshfield, even the memory of the first commercial iron the whole thing with ease more than three viewed it and decided that it would never blast furnace in the United States was lost miles to a special wharf on the Neponset succeed because of the frost that would form for so long. River. on the rails in the wi nter. June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21073 A group of men from Maryland came to To the citizens of this land in the year The repairs were executed. look it over one day and they must have de­ 2076 who will open that sealed capsule, At 11 a.m., the B-1, freed of a.Ir hoses and cided it was good because two years later I commend the example of President electronic cables, led a caravan of Air Force­ they broke ground for the Baltimore and blue vans, cars and a mobile-communications Ohio Railroad. Gerald R. Ford as representative of the bus from the run-up pad out to the runway. The President of the United States, a local high standards of conduct valued by the Less than a half-hour later, the huge, white boy named John Quincy Ada.ms, Visited 1n American people in the year of their Bi­ craft glided down the runway and rose to August, 1827, got caught in a thunderstorm centennial. President Ford's two state join its F-111 chase-plane, ignoring the ap­ and took shelter in a shed where Willard's of the Union addresses would be a use­ plause of approving employees watching from stone-cutters were hacking away at monu­ ful commentary on our Bicentennial behind a link fence paralleling the runway. ment granite. a For the next four hours and 54 minutes the A group o! visitors was riding up the Rail­ times for interested citizens century B-1 was put through its paces ... and then way's incline in an empty car on July 25, hence. some. A detailed filght plan, which had been 1832, when the chain broke and catapulted reviewed for months, guided the :flight crew them over a. 40-foot cliff. One was killed in of pilot Charlie Bock, copilot Lt. Col. Ed Mc­ what may have been the first railroad fatality THE AUTHORIZATION OF THE Dowell, offensive systems operator Lt. Col. in the United States. B-1 BOMBER Warren Brotnov and flight test engineer Dick About halfway from quarry to river, at a Abrams. place where the railroad crossed the Ply­ Just two days before, Rockwell, Boeing a.nd mouth Road, a quarry town sprang up al­ Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Risenhoover Air Force personnel had gathered at Edwards most overnight. It was called Railway Vil­ OF OKLAHOMA for a final preflight evaluation meeting. There lage and, when the railway was no longer had been talk then o! filght preparations, of a novelty, it became East Milton. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES minor repairs and of the actual fiight o! what On a Saturday night, it assumed the Monday, June 28, 1976 was affectionately and simply called "The aspects of a Western cowtown as the stone­ Bird." cutters of West Quincy marched down the Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, In the informal, classroom-like setting, road to the Hotel Milton in Dorchester Lower most wisely, this Congress has renewed they met for the assurance of a group dis­ Mills to cut the granite dust in their throats its commitment to a strong national de­ cussion, a last minute check that nothing had with a few stiff draughts. fense by continuing the authorization of been overlooked, that all contingencies had The building o! the Bunker Hill Monu­ the B-1 bomber. been considered. ment, as it turned out, was a long-running An article in Skyline, published by But none o! the 75 men gathered had ven­ production !or the Granite Railway. tured to predict the success which lay two The Association went broke in 1829 only Rockwell International, and written by days ahead. to revive !our years later when the Massa­ Robert Harwood, tells a dramatic story "This flight ls more successful than the chusetts Charitable Mechanics Association. of the success of this fine airplane and :first flight of number one," boasted Buck proprietors of the Mechanics Building in Bos­ the people who are preparing it to de­ Buchanan, vice president, Test & Evaluation ton, came through with a $10,000 grant. fend our country. at the B-1 Division, as he watched the quiet, It foundered again in 1840 and was saved I ask unanimous ·consent that the disciplined control room activities, "but then by a $30,000 donation from a month-long fair article be printed in the RECORD: we were very cautious with the first airplane." run by a group of civic-minded lad1es. With the addition of Brotnov, the offensive The monument was fina.lly dedicated on Lancaster and Palmdale serve the aero­ A1r systems operator, the filght marked the first June 17, 1843, precisely 20 yea.rs and 10 days space industry of Edwards Force Base. They a.re the centers of life 1n the desert time that four men had flown. Brotnov's job after the Association was formed to build it. was to check out Boeing's offensive avionics The Granite Railway Co. survived until where people escape the congestion a.nd pace at Los Angeles for sma.11 town quiet. subsystem which gives the B-1 the ability to 1870 when most of its track was taken over perform its bombing mission. by th9 Old Colony Railroad which in turn But in these tranquil communities there 1s an intensity of aerospace activity that is Over 100 Boeing employees had been work­ became a divi.Sion of the New York, New ing together with Rockwell employees at Haven and Hartford. only matched by the intensity of the desert. Near these communities the Air Force Palmdale to install and check out the Today much of the roadbed, over which avionics. freight moved commercially on rails for the a.nd NASA test the most advanced aircraft known to man as exotic planes take off from The primary test objective was the comple­ first time in America, 1s buried under the tion of a general shakedown o! the aircraft macadam of the Southeast Expressway. seemingly endless runways and land on the blue mirages of long-dry lakebeds. and its subsystems. It ls on this desert that Rockwell Inter­ Climbing to 10,000 feet over a desert ter­ national ls building the Space Shuttle rain unchanged since prehistoric times, the Orbiter, which will enable man to com­ plane's handling characteristics were evalu­ BICENTENNIAL YEAR mute into space much the same as com­ ated and compared with what had been ex­ mercial aircraft enable him to traverse perienced on the first B-1. oceans today. The mission also included calibration of HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER And it ls on this desert where Rockwell the B-l's airspeed system using two pacer OF NEBRASKA ts building and testing the B-1 strategic aircraft, a checkout of the plane's terrain­ following radar, radar altimeters and doppler IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bomber, which would replace the aging B-52 1n the Strategic Air Command fieet o! peace­ radar, and the collection of vibration and Monday, June 28, 1976 keeping aircraft. acoustic data-all o! them successful, ac­ On April 1, the flight test program took cording to Buchanan. Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, 1n another step forward as a second B-1 took Charlie Bock agreed. this Bicentennial Year, Omahans are es­ off from the final assembly site at Palmdale. As he climbed down the B-l's ladder to be pecially proud that the President of our As with the first flight of any a.lrcraft, the greeted by photographers in the orange eve­ United States, Gerald R. Ford, is a native preparation for this one was a long, tedious, ning sun he said simply, "'It fiew .tu.st like of Omaha and is the only native-born exacting job. number one. We were up about a half hour Nebraskan ever to occupy the White It began on January 16 when the plane longer than we planned and did everything House. rolled out of its hangar at Palmdale and we wanted." began final checkouts. Like all fiight testing, the trial which the As we reflect on the values which made The two-plus months of testing included B-1 is undergoing ls a cautious, deliberate this Nation strong, the values which are checkouts of subsystems, hydraulic systems, process but it ls one with a sense of adven­ traditionally associated with the Mid­ ground propulsion and low and high speed ture that few men are privileged to share. lands heartland of our Nation, we find taxi tests . . . an exhausting review o! the No matter how much debate echoes from these same traits of character exempli­ plane's readiness to fly. the marble walls of Washington, the flight of fied in our President. Hardworking, hon­ Throughout these days of preparation a the plane over the open California desert tells est, fair, dedicated, patriotic, an exem­ calm, professional confidence prevailed. Even of the program's success. in the cold, early desert morning of April 1 There, on that fiat desert, there is a con­ plary parent and devoted husband, Jerry when final checkouts were being made for fidence that. comes with seeing an airplane Ford embodies those qualities that we the filght only hours a.way, there was none grow out of intricately shaped pieces of strive for ourselves and hope to develop of the bustle that would be expected. metal. in our children. There was only a sense of purpose. As the second B-1 joined its older sister To commemorate our Bicentennial, the Although the failure o! what one official under the cavernous 100-foot hangar ceiling called "an eight cent gasket in the engine" at Edwards, there was no talk of politics, citizens of Omaha are preparing a time delayed the flight for two hours, there was only of engineering, production and test capsule which will be sealed and buried no questioning, no doubt, no panic. There filght. on the site of President Ford's birthplace. was work to be done. There was simply an airplane that :flies. 21074 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 THREATS TO ORDERLY OBSERV­ •Tal D'Amato, Midnight Special. Dorot hea Manuela, District 65, Boston. ANCES OF THE BICENTENNIAL, •Barbara Dane. • Alberto Marez, Crusade for Justice. PART I-THE JULY 4 COALITION­ *Ivy Daivs, dir., LSCRRC. Julius Margolin. Vera DeBenedetti. * Key Martin, YAWF / WWP. SPONSORS AND ENDORSERS *Dave Dellinger, Seven Days. " Rev. Paul Mayer. Ronald V. Dellums, U.S. Congress. John McAuliff, AFSC. *Emile Di Antonio, filmmaker. Karen Mccann, District 65, Chicago. HON. LARRY McDONALD Clay Dillon, RNA • David McReynolds, WRL. OF GEORGIA Jennifer Dohrn, PFOC. St ewart Meacham, AFSC. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rev. Dalton Downes. Rosemary Mealy, Third World CoaUtlon. John Drake, MPOC, Indep. Socialists of Dale Melcher, Valley Women's Union. MA. Monday, June 28, 1976 Lancaster, PA. Prof. Philip Meranto, Univ. of Wash. Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, follow­ Martin Duberman. Margarita Merge.I, PRSC, San FranclBco. ing is a compilation of sponsors of the *Ann Gael Durham, Native Am. Solid. Richard Meritzer. Comm. Ruth Messinger, College for Human Serv· July 4, counter-Bicentennial demon­ *Jimmy Durham, AIM Internat'l Indian ices. stration in Philadelphia which may be Treaty Council, UN office. Jenny Meyers. instructive: Gabrielle Edgcomb, Alllance for Labor & Joseph Miller, Philadelphia. Jayma. Abdoo, NLG, Philadelphia. Community Action, Washingt on, D.C. Susan Miller. Ralph Abernathy, SCLC. Joan Eisenberg. Sid Mills, chmn., Survival for American In­ Frank Ackerman, Dollars and Sense. Sr. Ann Aldridge. dians Ass'n Caravan for SurvivaL Angelo Alicea, Council of Latin American Jack Elliott, folksinger. Howard Moore, NLG, San Francisco. Trade Unionists. Jim Ferlo, YWLL; former Model Cities Grace Mora Newman, CPUSA P.R. Commis­ •Jose Alberto Alvarez, PSP. Commissioner, Pittsburgh. sion. •Akil Al Jundt (Herbert S. Deane), Attica Richard Fishkln. Anna Morgan, WILPF, Boston. Now, Buffalo, NY. Jeff Fogel, NLG. Leora Mossten, ACLU Education & Action Harry X. Amana, Philadelphia Tribune. Paul Garver, SEID Local 585, Pittsburgh. Fund, NJ. Esta Armstrong, health worker. • Gavrielle Gemma, Workers World Party. • Sala.dine Muhammad, Black Anti-Bicen­ Rev. Cecello Arrastia. Margaret George. tennial Committee; African People's Party. •Lindsay Auden, N.Y. Coalition Against Eva Gladstein, Tenants Action Group, Ron Myers. S-1. Phila. * Ed Nakawatase, AFSC Native American *Steve Ault, National Coalttion of Gay Ac- Yvonne Golden, S.F. Black Teachers Cau- Affairs. tivists. cus. Ruben Neives, trade unionist. Bruce Balley. Rafael Gonzalez, trade unionist. • Hank Nusslein, Rank & file telephone •Ella J. Baker, MPOC. Carlton Goodlet, (CPUSA), Sun Reporter. wkrs. Frances Beal, Third World Women's Alli- Larry Gossett, Seattle. • Imari Obadele (Richard Henry), RNA. ance. Stacey Gottlieb, Berkeley-Oakland Wom- Fr. Jack O'Malley. Diane Becker. en's Union. Tom OnieaL • Norma Becker, War Resisters League. Rev. David Gracie, Phila. •Susan Ortego, U.S. Comm. for Panaman- John Beckwith, Science for the People. Jim Grant, Wilmington 10. ian Sovereignty. •Ben Bedell, Guardian. Dick Gregory. Lou Pappalardo. Clyde Bellecourt, AIM. • Wilbur Haddock, United Black Workers. Bishop Antullo Parrilla-Bonilla, San Juan. •Vernon Bellecourt, AIM. John Haer. Bill Patterson. Rev. Daniel Berrigan. Polly Halfkenny, instructor at CPUSAs •Sidney Peck, Clark University. John Beverly. Center for Marxist Education, Cambridge, Sam Perez, Council of Hospital Community Clinton Bey, Republic of New Africa. MA. Boards. Rev. Milo Billman, Camden, N.J. • Saralee Hamilton, AFSC National Wom- *Darrow Perkins, Black Panther Party. Arlene Boop. en's Program. Mark Peterson. *Rosa Borenstein, PRSC exec. secty. • Moses Harris, Black Economic Survival. Marjorie Pierce. Susan Borenstein, Nat'l Coordinating Cen- Oom Harrison, Phlla. Minnie Player, Cleveland Welfare Rights. ter in Solidarity with Chile. • Jim Haughton, Fightback. •Walter Pletsch, ARISE. Prof. Joseph Boskin, Boston Univ. David Hereth. •Milton Pokorne, Taxi Rank and File. Ann Bra.den [ CPUSA]. Will Herzfl.eld. *Lance Pustin, PFOC. Carl Broege, NLG. Rev. Bill Hogan, Chicago. Alex Quinonez, trade unionist. *Owen Brooks, Delta Ministry, MS. Howard Horn, Amal. Meatcutters, 627. *Jovelino Ramos, National Councll of Tyrone Brooks, Nat'l Communicat~ons Phil Horowitz. Churches, Commission on Justice and Lib­ Secty, SCLC. Bill Howard, Black Council, Reform eration. Elaine Brown, Black Panther Party. Church of America. David Rammler, Neighborhood Resources. Doris Bunte, Mass. State Rep. Paul Irish, American Committee· on Africa. Phlla. Margaret Burnham, Mass. Alliance Against Charles Isaacs, PFOC, NY. David P. Richardson, PA. State Legislature. Racist & Political Repression. • Ronnie Sue Jaffe, 1199 Rank & File. •Arturo Rivera, Federacion de Universi- Douglas Butler, All Boston Labor Comm., David Kairys, NECLC, NLG, Phlla. tarios Soclaltstas Puertoriquenos. A. Philip Randolph Institute. Earl Keihl. Phlllp Rivera. Josephine Butler, DC Statehood Party Ying Kelley, Berkeley City Council. Vivian Rivera, NYC J4C coordinator. Marls Oakars, WRL. • Muhammed Kenyatta, BEDC. Geraldine Roberts, Domestic Workers of Rev. Eugene Calendar, N.Y. Urban League. Melvin King, Mass. State Rep. America. Ennio Carrion, United Furniture Local • Arthur Kinoy, MPOC. *Antonio Rodriquez, center for Autono­ 140. • Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick, Deacons mous Social Action-General Brotherhood of •Juan Chacon, USWA Local 890. for Defense and Justice. workers (CASA), Los Angeles. Martha Chamberlain. • Patrick Knight, Local 371, SSEU, Dis- *Dr. Helen Rodriquez, Committee to End Ernie Chanes, P.R. Decolonization. trict Councll 37, AFSCME. Sterilization Abuse. •Allan Charney, NAM; executive dir., • Yuri Kochiyama. Carl Rogers. Ass'n Legal Aid Lawyers. * Karen Kollias, Quest. Sharon Rose, Alliance for Labor & Com- Douglas Chin, Chinese for Sane Society. William Kunstler. munity Action, DC. Noam Chomsky, MIT. George Lakey. David Rudovsky,,Nl!!CLC, NLG, Phlla. Robert Chrisman, The Black Scholar. Sid Lens. Marie Runyon, N.Y. State Assembly. *Marilyn Clement, National Council of *Bob Lewis, MPOC, NLG. Molly Rush. Churches; Inter-religious Foundation for * Alfredo Lopez, PSP: J4C. *Shella Ryan, Palestine Solldarlty Com• Community Organization· (IFOO). Luis Lopez, 6ecty, Local 264, ':fl'ansport mittee. · Dick Cluster, Dollars and Sense. Workers Union. Digna Sanchez, PSP U.S. Zone Political Johnetta Cole, Venceremos Brigade. Federico Lora, El Comite-MINIP. Commission. *Slim Coleman, Natl Tenant.s Org. • Don Luce, Clergy & Latty Concerned. Tyree Scott, Seattle. •Virginia Collins, RNA & MPOC. Salvatore Luria, MIT. Moe Seager. Gerry Condon, NCUUA. Roberta Lynch, nat'l commlttee, NAM; Pete Seeger. *Humberto "Bert' Corona, [CPUSA] & Chicago Women's Union. · •Ali Shabazz, YAWF, Philadelphia. Mel Madden, co-founder, Liberty Village. Cordell Sloane. NAARPR. Rev. Pam Costain, Twin Cities Women's Union. Roberto Maestas, La Ram Center, S.P. Sr. Marcia Snowden. Ed Cross, Comp. Air & TUnnel Local 14'1. • Harry Magdoff, Monthly Bevfew. Paul Soglin, Mayor, Madison, WI. *Rene Cruz, KDP (Union of Dem. Flll- Holly Maguigan, NLG, Phtla. David Sola, trade unionist. •Ann Sparanese, Venceremos Brigade. pinos). William Mandel [old OPUSA). June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21075 Jack Spiegel, (CPUSA), Shoeworkers. Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. Queens (N.Y.) Coalition for Peace and Claude Steiner. Comite Civico Pro Liberacion de Nicaragua. Justice. Fr. Antonio stephens. Common Sense, Philadelphia, Pa. Radical Alliance of Social Service Workers. T. Milton Street, Phlla. Communist Party, San Francisco. La Raza Center, San Francisco. *Paul Sweezy, Monthly .Review. Community Newsletter, Bay Area, Calif. Republic of New A.frlca. Ken Thomas. Congress to Continue the American Revo- Revolutionary Marxist Organizin g Collec­ Ba.chel Tilsen, Nat ive Amer ican Solidarity lution. tive. Committee. Co-op City Peace Committee, N.Y.C. Rising Up Angry, Chicago. Rip Torn, actor. Cultural Workers Front [Frente Traba- Riverside Church (NYC). Social Action • Peter Van Delft, District 65, DWA. Boston. ; adores de la Cultural Steering Committee. *Edwin Vargas, American Federation of Deacons for Defense and Justice. San Francisco Committee to Stop S-1. Teachers, Hart!or~ CT. Disabled in Action, N.Y.C. San Francisco Liberation School. *Chiqui Vicioso, United Methodist Office East Bay Men's Center. San Francisco Mime Troop. at the U.N.; Dominican Republic Task Force. East Bay Socialist School of the New Amer­ Socia.list Party, U.S.A. George Wald, Harvard University. ican Movement. Socialist Workers Party. Joseph Walker, BiZaZian News; Int'l Orga­ Ecumenical Program for Interamerican Southern Christian Leadership Conference. nization of Journa.llsts. Communication and Action (EPICA), Wash­ Strike Support Committee, Amherst, M.A. Joseph Waller, Afrika.n People's Socia.list ington, D.C. Student Action for Appalachian Progress, Party. Figlltback, N.Y.C. w.v. Rev. Paul Washington, Church of the Ad- Gay Activists Alliance, Philadelphia. Third World Women's Alllance. vocate, Philadelphia. Federation of Socla11st Puerto lUc&n Uni- Trade Unionists for Action and Democracy, Rev. George Webber. versity Students (Federacion de Universi­ Bay Area. Barbara Webster (Kinoy), MPOC. tarios Socialistas Puertorriquenos (FUSP). Trinity Parish, Trinity Church, N.Y.C. Lynn Weika.rt, District Leader, Democratic Gay Ant1-Imper1alist News Service. Twin Cities Women's Union. Party of N.Y. Union of Democratic Pilipinos (Katipunan Gonna Rise Again Graphics, San Francisco. Demokratika Pilipino (KDP) l Doran Weinberg, pa.st president, NLG. Granite State Alliance, N.H. Evelyn Welner. LEMPA, NYC. United Black Workers, N ..T. The Guardian. United Prisoners Union. •Cora Weiss, Friendshipment. Hard Times Coalition. *Rev. Phllip Wheaton, Ecumenical Program U.S. Committee for Panamanian Sover­ Homefront. eignty. tor Interamerican Communication and Ac­ Hospital Workers Union, Local 1199, United tion (EPICA), Washington, DC. University of Pittsburgh-Undergraduate Members Committee. Women's Union. Third World People's Coali­ Jim Wiggins. Bastos Community College Student Gov- *Margaret Wright, People's Party. tion and University Women's Center. ernment. Venceremos Brigade. Howard Zinn. Indochina Solidarity Committee. Bay Area. Rev. Roger Zpernick, Kingsway Lutheran Veterans for Peace, Chicago. Inkworks, Oakland. U.S. OUt of Angola Committee, Chicago. Church, Phila. IntercommunaI Survival Committee, Chi­ July 4 coalition organizational $p0nsors War Resisters League. cago. West Side Neighbors, Philadelphia. A.cclon Bortcua. N.Y.C. International Indian Treaty Council of Action Coalition of Elders, Pittsburgh. Winter Soldier Organization, Bay Area. AIM. Wisconsin Alliance. Action for Women in Chile. Irish Republican Clubs of the U.S. and African Liberation Day Support Commit- Worker Patient Organization. Canada. Worker Student Organizing Collective. tee. Bay Area. Jesuit Conference, Office of Social Min- Afrikan Peoples Party. Workers World Party. istries. Youth Against War and Fascism. Afri.kan People's Socialist Party. June 8th Daycare Coalition, N.Y.C. Yvonne Wanrow Defense Committee. Agricultural Workers Association (Asocia- June 28th Union, Berkeley. cion de Trabajadores Agricolas (ATA) ]. Laborers for Democracy. All Afrikan Peoples Revolutionary Party. Lance Yellowhand Defense Committee, Alliance !or Labor and Community Action, Pittsburgh. Washington, D.C. Laney College Organizing Committee. A POLISH COMMEMORATION Alternative Press Syndicate [Underground Manchester Food Club, Pitt:Bburgh. Press Syndicate}. Marxist Education Collective, N.Y.C. American Federation of State, County and Mass Party Organizing Committee. HON. JAMES J. DELANEY Municipal Employees, Local 1695. Mass Transit Street Theater, N.Y.C. OP NEW YORK American Friends Service Committee, San Midnight Special. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Francisco. Movimento Popula1' Dominicana (MPD). AmerLcan Indian Movement. Na.tional Alliance Against Racist and Poli- Monday, June 28, 1976 Angola Solidarity Committee, Bay Area. tical Repression, Bay Area. Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, today, Ass&ta. Shakur Defense Committee. National Coalition for Social Change. Attica Now, Buffalo, N.Y. National Council of Churches, Fifth Com­ June 28, marks the 2oth anniversary of Bay Area Gay Ltberatlon. mi.s.sion. the Poznan Polish Workers' Revolt Bay Area Namibia Action Group. National Council of Churches, Executive against Soviet domination. The Polish Berkeley-C>akland Women's Union. Committee o! the Commlsison on Justice, eagle might be considered by many to be Black Anti-Bicentennial Committee, Phil- Liberation & Human Fu.lflllment. a curious looking bird, even as national adelphia. National Lawyers Guild. eagles go, with his stiff stylized wings and Black Economic Survival, Brooklyn, N.Y. National Student Council Against Racism ancient crown on his skull. His feathers Black Panther Party. (NSCAR). The Black Scholar. Native American Solidarity Committee. may be beaten and tom. But his head is Brother, Berkeley, Call!. New American Movement. unbowed, much as the spirit of the Polish Bryn Mawr-Haverford Social Act ion Cau­ New England Food Cooperative Organi- people under Communist oppression. cus, Pa. zat ion. In spite of attempts to win over the Center for Autonomous Social · Action­ New Unity, Springfield, MA. non-Communist population in 1956, the General Brotherhood of Workers (CASA), Los New World Resource Center, Chicago. basic lines of Marxist economic policy Angeles, Calif. Non-Intervention in Chile. espoused by Poland's puppet regime and Chelsea Communit y Board, N.Y.C. Northern California Alliance. Palest ine Solidarity Committee. an enforced low standard of living re­ Chicago Women's Defense Committee. mained unaltered in Poland. At Poznan Chicago Women's Liberation Union. Peace and Freedom Party. Christopher Street [Gay) Liberation Da y Penn State University Coalition. on June 28, 1956, workers of the Cegielski Parade Committee, N.Y.C. People Against Racism in Education, N.Y.C. factory rioted during an industrial fair Council of Churches of the City of New People's Bicentennial, Chicago. following a long dispute with regime rep­ York. People's Bicentennial Commission, Man­ resentatives over declining wages. Some City Crisis Coalit ion, N.Y.C. chester, N.H. 50,000 workers and students soon joined City University of New York, Puerto Rican People's Health Center, N.Y.C. them under the slogan of "Bread and Caucus. People's Law School [of the National Law­ r ers Guild J • Freedom" as the rioting spread and be­ Chile Solidarity Committee. came a bloody demonstration which only Church of the Covenant, staff, Boston. People's Power Project, Pittsburgh. Columbia Tenants Union, N.Y.C. Philadelph ia Workers· Organizing com- Soviet troops were able to quell. The first COMEXAZ, Oakland, Calif. mittee. soldiers called in to assist police actually Committee for One Korea. Prairie ·Fire Organizing Committee. behaved like the Hungarian troops who Puert o Rican Solidarity Committee. marched into Budapest a few months *Members of the .J4C executive board. P uerto Rican Socialist Party. later-they either made common cause 21076 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 with the workers or they took the vaguest country against industrial smoke and gases. [Fron t he Omaha (Nebr.) Morning World• of half measures against them. Official Another battle will be fought over the auto Herald, June 7, 1976) sources eventually listed some 48 killed companies' efforts to lower the standards for M CCOLLISTER "FRUSTRATED" BY AUTO LAW vehicle emissions. Both of these struggles 0PPOSrrION and 270 wounded. find environmental and consumer organiza­ Mr. Speaker, on this commemorative tions on one side and the business communi­ WAsHINGTON.-Persuading colleagues that day, I want to take the opportunity to ties on the other. consumers would benefit from his amend­ salute our American citizens of Polish Yet one facet of the auto-emission contro­ ment to reduce the warranty on pollution descent and pray that the courage of versy strikes me as intriguing because the control systems on new cars has been "a most battle lineup is different, even unusual. There frustrating experience," according to Rep. their brothers and sisters across the seas John McCollister. wlll soon be rewarded with freedom and are consumer champions in opposition to each other, the auto makers are essentially But his amendment, which has been ap­ true self-determination. neutral and some very pot.ent business groups proved. by a House committee, is now being actually are promoting the cause of "the pushed by a group of senators, including little guy," along with their own. Lloyd Bentsen, D-Tex., and Phi11p Hart, n­ I am referring to the amendment to be Mlch. CLEAN AIR DEBATE offered by Sen. Lloyd Bentsen, D-Tex., to It would lower the emission control system reduce the performance warranty on pollu­ warranty from five years and 50,000 miles to tion-control systems on new cars from five 18 months and 18,000 miles. HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER years and 50,000 miles to 18 months and Ralph Nader and a coalition of environ ­ OF NEBRASKA 18,000 miles. mental and consumer organizations view it as an ti-consumer legislation that wou ld ease I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES On the surface, that idea sounds like an pressure on car makers. anti-consumer move by a probusiness sena­ Monday, June 28, 1976 His amendment has been ha.rd to sell, Mc­ tor. And that is what Ralph Nader and the Collister said, "because it gives the impres­ Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, the National Clean Air Coalition of assorted sion of t aking something away from t he con­ House will have before it within a month, environmental and consumer organizations sumer. the long-awaited Clean Air Act amend­ thinks about it. "It has been a most frustrating experience But then you find a proconsumer liberal trying to explain that it isn't taking some­ ments. There are many serious and sig·­ like Sen. Philip A. Hart, D-Mich., and others nificant policy questions which this bill thing away, just the reverse," he said. listed as co-sponsors of the Bentsen plan. "This body deals so much with appearances must resolve. And you find it has staunch support from and so little with substance," he added. One of the most serious, but relatively the independent auto-parts companies, the Mccollister said under the five-year, 50,000- wipublicized, is the question of prevent­ corner gas station owner and th<) big Auto­ mile warranty; car owners would be forced ing the anticipated anticompetitive and motive Service Industry Association. And to h ave repairs done by dealers to protect anticonsumer impact of the performance suddenly it is no longer easy to distinguish their warranties. warranty provided in the 1970 act but the good guys from the bad guys. Not only would that have an anticompeti­ never implemented. Independent garage mechanics and parts tive effect on independent repairmen and manufacturers contend that the "5-50" war­ service stations, he said, but it would leave Our House Small Business Committee, ranty now on the books will, if put into t he car owner with no freedom of choice. in 1974, recommended reducing the effect by the Environment Protection Agency, "We're p1·eventing the consumer from be­ length of this warranty from 5 years to prevent them from repairing cars and trucks ing placed in the difficult position of not 1 year. The Interstate and Foreign Com­ until they are five years old or have 50,000 being able to take his auto where he wants merce Committee unanimously accepted miles on them. The American Automobile to have it fixed." an 18-month wan·anty-the compromise Association argues the existing law would To protect their five-year warranty, he said, worked out in the subcommittee. practically force car owners to have all car owners would be reluctant to go to an Two experienced and thoughtful re­ repairs and maintenance done by new car independent repairman for almost any porters of events in our Capital City, dealers or risk voiding their warranties. repairs. That strikes Bentsen and Hart as ant i­ Jerald terHorst and Darwin Olofson, consumer. It limits a motorist's ability to have made the performance warranty choose a repairman of his own. It offers the THE MINNESOTA ENDORSEMENT question the topic of recent news stories. Detroit auto makers a competitive edge over OF THE DECLARATION OF IN­ Because they provide a useful insight in the whole auto repair market and that TERDEPENDENCE understanding this problem, I am includ­ threatens the future existence of the 400,000 ing them in the RECORD at this point: independent garages, service stations and [From the Sunday News, May 30, 1976) others who now perform about 80 percent of HON. DONALD M. FRASER the repairs to America's 125 m111ion cars and OF MINNESOTA NADER STAND Hrr ON "CLEAN Am" DEBATE trucks. (By J. F. terHorst) Nader and the consumer-environmental IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON.-While public attention is coalition contend this fear is unjustified. Monday, June 28, 1976 being diverted by the political smog over Their own fear is that any tampering with the presidential primaries, the U.S. Senate the "5-50" warranty would ease the pres­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, largely is about to begin :floor debate on the long­ sure on car makers for quality emission con­ through the efforts of Mr. Lynn M. awaited "Clean Air Amendments of 1976." trols. Not so, counter the proponents of the Elling, the Minnesota Endorsement of That could have more e:ffect on the air "18-18" warranty amendment, since Detroit the Declaration of Interdependence is a we breathe, the places we work and the money stlll wm have to build emission devices to a reality. . we spend than almost anything else the Sen­ "5-50" standard provided in the production Enough publicity has attended Henry ate and the White House candidates have warranty and not affected by changing the said and done all year. performance warranty. Steele Commager's effort so that it is un­ It's a pity the existing Clean Air Act of My feeling on this upcoming Senate bat tle necessary for me to further identify the 1970 has not curbed the noxious emissions is that Nader ought to lose and your corner Declaration of Interdependence. How­ along t he campaign trail. And, to turn seri­ repairman should win. Forty million cars ever, I would like to introduce the text ous, it is a pity that no presidential aspirant and trucks have been built since the Clean of the declaration into the RECORD at is making a big issue of the proposed changes Air Act went into effect in 1970. At the rate this point: in the six-year-old law that was adopted as of nine million vehicles a year, those covered A DECLARATION OF INTERDEPENDENCE the means for cleaning up the nation's air by the act soon will comprise most cars and (By Henry Steele Commager) by the end of the decade. trucks on the road. Nearly a year bas gone into the shaping There is no good reason why the auto When in the course of history the thJ:eat of the amendments that wm be offered by makers should be given a prospective monop­ of extinction confronts mankind, it is nec­ the Senate Public Works Committee. As oly over the auto parts and repair business. essary for the people of The United States Congressional Quarterly observed, every step And it is not physically possible for the to declare their interdependence with the people of all nations and to embrace those along the way has been monitored by a small 25,000 new-car dealers to handle all the principles and build those institutions which army of lobbyists representing environmen­ service and maintenance work. will enable mankind to survive and civiliza­ talists, consumer groups, the electric utili­ Mo]."eover, if the car buyer is going to have tion to ftourish. to pay an extra $200 or more on a new car ties, the oil, steel and chemical indu stries, Two c~nturies ago our forefathers brought Detroit's auto makers and local and state for the manufacturer's "free" "5-50" war­ forth a new nation; now we must join with governments. ranty, the roar from American motorists may others to bring forth a. new world order. On Two major controversies wlll be up for even shake up those presidential candidates this historic occasion it 1s proper that the judgment. One involves what ought to be who cannot seem to find specific issues to American people should reaffirm those prin­ done to preserve unspoiled p arts of the talk about. And it should. ciples on which the United States of Amer- . .. . , June 28, 1976 -EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21077 · tea was founded, acknowledge -the new crises . ognlzes no boundary lines and penetrates Be it resolved that it ls appropriate and which confront them, accept the new obliga­ all defenses, that it works irreparable dam­ fitting for this great state to offer strong tions which history imposes upon them, and age alike to Nature and to Mankind-threat- support and endorsement of This Declara­ set forth the causes which impel them to . enlng with extinction the life of the seas. tion of Interdependence, affirm before all peoples their commitment the flora and fauna of the earth, the health Be it further resolved that as a symbol to a Declaration of Interdependence. of the people in cities and the countryside of our support for this Declaration, we con­ We hold these truths to be self-evident: alike-and that it can be adequately con­ tinue to proudly display the United Nations that all men are created equal; that the in­ trolled only through international coopera­ flag with the United States flag at the State equalities and injustices which aflllct so tion. Capitol, much of the human race are the product We affirm that the exploration and utiliza­ Finally, we urge the leadership of all other of h1story and society, not of God or nature; tion of outer space is a matter equally im­ states to take similar action. that people everywhere a.re entitled to the portant to all the nations of the globe and Effective Law Day, May 1, 1976. blessings of Ille and liberty, peace and se­ that no nation can be permitted to exploit Wendell R. Anderson, Governor, State of curity and the realization of their full poten­ or develop the potentialities of the planetary Minnesota. tial; that they have an inescapable moral system exclusively for its own benefit. Nicholas D. Coleman, Senate Majority obligation to preserve those rights for pos­ We affirm that the economy of all nations Leader. terity; and that to achieve these ends all the ls a seamless web, and that no one nation Robert 0. Ashbach, Senate Minority people and nations of the globe should can any longer effectively maintain its proc­ Leader. acknowledge their interdependence and join esses of production and monetary systems Jim Lord, State Treasurer. together to dedicate their minds and their without recognizing the necessity for col­ Rudy Perpich, Lt. Governor. hearts to the solution of those problems laborative regulation by international au- Martin O. Sabo, Speaker of the House. which threaten their survival. thorities. · Joan Grewe, Secretary of State. To establish a new world order of com­ We affirm that in a civilized society, the Warren Spannaus, Attorney General. passion, peace, justice and security, it ls es­ institutions of science and the arts a.re never Irv Anderson, House Majority Leader. sential that mankind free itself from the at war and call upon all nations to exempt Henry J. Savelkoul, House Minority Leader. llmltatlons of national prejudice, and ac­ these institutions from the claims of chau­ Robert W. Mattson, State Auditor. knowledge that the forces that unite it are vinistic nationalism and to foster thait great We, the undersigned, commend the State incomparably deeper than those that divide community of learning and creativity whose Otllcials for this endorsement of The Declara­ 11i-that all people a.re pa.rt of one global benign function it ls to advance civllj.zation tion of Interdependence. We urge other community, dependent on one body of re­ and the health and happiness of mankind. states, our nation and other nations to fol­ sources, bound together by the ties of a We affirm that a. world without law ls a low this example, which is a valuable step common humanity and associated in a com­ world without order, and we call upon all in building a World Community of Peace mon adventure on the planet Earth. nations to strengthen and to sustain the Under Just Law: Let us then join together to vindicate United Nations and its specialized agencies, Don Fraser, Member of Congress. and realize this great truth that mankind ls and other institutions of world order, and to Charles H. Slocum, Chairman, Independ­ one, and as one will nobly save or irreparably broaden the Jurisdiction of the World Court, ent-Republicans of Minn. lose the heritage of thousands of yea.rs of that these may preside over a reign of law Earl D. Craig, Jr., President, Mpls. Urban civilization. And let us set forth the prin­ that will not only end wars but end as well Coalition. ciples which should animate and inspire us that mindless violence which terrorizes our George C. Mastor. President, Minn. State U our civilization ls to survive. society even in times of peace. Bar Assn. we affirm that the resources of the globe We can no longer afford to make little T. M. Richter, President, World Federalists are finite, not lnfl.nlte, that they a.re the plans, allow ourselves to be the captives of Assoc. heritage of no one nation or generation, but events and forces over which we have no Hubert H. Humphrey, U.S. Senator. of all peoples, nations and of posterity, and control, consult our fears rather than our David Roe, President, Minn. AFL-CIO. that our deepest obligation ls to transmit to hopes. We call upon the American people, on Robert J. Sheran, Chief Justice, Minn. Su- that posterity a planet richer in material the threshold of the third century of their preme Court. bounty, in beauty and in delight than we national existence, to display once again that Jerry Jenkins, President, League of Women found it. Narrow notions of national sover­ boldness, enterprise, magnanlmlty and vision Voters. eignty must not be permitted to curtail that which enabled the founders of our Republic John R. Roach, Archbishop of Minneapolis obligation. to bring forth a new nation and inaugurate & St. Paul. We affirm that the exploitation of the poor a new era in human history. The fate of Walter F. Mondale, U.S. Senator. by the rtch, and the weak by the strong humanity hangs in the balance. Through­ Rick Scott, Chairman, Minn. DFL Party. violates our common humanity and denies out the globe, hearts and hopes wait upon A. C. Lehman, Jr., Exec. Director. Minn. to large segments of society the blessings of us. We summon all Mankind to unite to Council of Churches. Ille, liberty and happiness. We recognize a meet the great challenge. C. Peter Magrath, President, Unive1·sity of moral obligation to strive for a more pru­ Minnesota. dent and more equitable sharing of the re­ The Minnesota endorsement is simply John Edie, President, UNA of Minn. sources of the earth in order to ameliorate that--strong support and endorsement poverty, hunger and disease. of the Declaration of Interdependence We affirm that the resources of nature are by the political leaders of the State: the sufficient to nourish and sustain all the Governor and Lieutenant Governor. the TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY present inhabitants of the globe and that majority. and minority leaders of both there ls an obligation on every society to dis­ Houses of the State legislature and the tribute those resources equitably, along with a corollary obligation upon every society to constitutional officers of the State. HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS assure that its populaitlon does not place In addition, a group of Minnesot.ans including the chief justice of the Min­ OF CALIFORNIA upon Nature a burden heavier than it can IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bear. nesota Supreme Court, both U.S. Sena­ We affirm our responsibility to help create tors, the leaders of both major political Monday, June 28, 1976 conditions which will make for peace and parties and other important citizens, Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years security and to build more effective machin­ commended, in a further endorsement, ery for keeping peace among the nations. ago, on July 1, 1776, the Continental Because the insensate accumulation of nu­ the State officials for lending their Congress began the formal debate over clear, chemical and biological weapons names to the project. declaring independence from Great Brit­ threatens the survival of Mankind we call Mr. Elling has done a magnificent job. ain. The Maryland delegation declared for the immediate reduction and eventual In this 200th year of ow· independence, that their earlier instructions forbidding elimination of these weapons under interna­ the Declaration of Interdependence is them to vote for independence had been tional supervision. We deplore the reliance an appropriate Bicentennial document, on force to settle disoutes between nation affirming, among other things, those superseded, and they were now prepared states and between rival groups within such to vote for independence. Their new in­ states. principles upon which the United States was founded and recognizing the new structions read in part: We affirm that the oceans a.re the common The Deputies of this Colony, attending in property of mankind whose dependence on crises that confront us. their incomparable resources of nourishment The Minnesota endorsement follows: Congress, or a Majority of them or of any and strength will, in_ the next century, be­ three or more of them, (are authorized and THE MINNESOTA ENDORSEl'tIENT OF THE empowered to concur with the other United come crucial for human survival, and that D ECLARATION OF INTERDEPENDENCE Colonies, or a Majority of them, in declar­ their exploitation should be so regulated as Recognizing the urgent need to move to serve the interests of the entire globe, ing the United Colonies free and independ­ ahead with this-Bicentennial Project, and ent States ..." .and of future generations. Further recognizing Minnesota's leader­ We affirm that pollution flows with the ship role in promoting World Citizenship During the same debate, the New York waters and flies with the winds, that it rec- with the first State Declaration, delegation read a letter from its colony 21078 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 informing them that they did not have opposition to nuclear power is part of an supply below the level needed to power the authority to vote for independence. overall philosophy of simplifying lifestyles the country's energy intensive socio-econom­ and cutting back on technology. Similarly, ic system and precipitate major societal the parochial focus of formidable environ­ changes. mental and kindred groups assures that a Could this transition to a no-growth, low FORMER CONGRESSMAN CRAIG nuclear power ban is high on their list of energy society be made without upheaval? OP goals without consideration at all of the Do people really need or want it? HOSMER: AN ANALYSIS adverse consequences of overdependence on Abrupt and drastic change can bring with THE ANTI-NUCLEAR, NO-GROWTH limited energy sources. Recently, even the it severe unemployment and the powerful PHILOSOPHY National Council of Churches was persuaded disturbances resulting whenever one societal to condemn element number 94 (plutonium) structure is torn down to substitute another. on supposed moral grounds. Moreover, even the architects of change seem HON. MIKE McCORMACK In short, to gauge the anti-nuclear move­ vague a.bout what is to come. It ts to be sim­ OF WASHINGTON ment it is necessary to understand that ple, clean and fair. But what wlll make it so? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES numerous of its components may be less How will the new low-energy situation dlffer anti-nuclear than they a.re "pro" or "anti" from the one of a century a.go that Americans Monday, June 28, 1976 something else, that others may Join it seek­ ever since have worked to put behind them? Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, sev­ ing sometimes nebulous goals only peripher­ In 1876 stars were bright; air was clean; life eral weeks ago the Honorable Craig ally related to the nuclear power equation was simple. But also life was short, disease Hosmer, a former Member of this body and that end objectives may be either ob­ endemic, wages low, illiteracy high, child la­ scured or ill defined at this point. Thus, the bor widespread and comfort limited. To re­ from the State of California, wrote what movement's immediate focus on nuclear turn to a. low-energy society Americans I consider to be an unusually thoughtful power may be only a way station to a farther might have to suffer much, give up much and penetrating analysis of the rationale destination. and change much. And, there is no assurance behind the antinuclear, no-growth In a. recent revealing interview Ralph Na­ that most of the bad of the good old days philosophy that has evidenced itself in der, titular head of the U.S. anti-nuclear would not be brought right back with it. some elements of our society. movement, talked hardly at all. of nuclear Under the democratic process, decisions Hosmer's letter, it seems to me, is so concerns, but broadly of basic changes in making radical changes in a nation's life­ worthwhile that it should be made a part the American society: Bigness in the eco­ style deserve to be made openly. They should nomic system will be broken down into small not be disguised and brought in through a of the record for permanent reference, parts. Extremes in income and wealth shall side door, as in California where an initiative not only for Members of Congress, but be narrowed. Producer cooperatives and con­ proposition camouflages a nuclear moratori­ also for historians who may some day sumer cooperatives are to be financed by um a-s a safety measure under the beguiling look back to try to analyze what moti­ government and supplant large corporations. sponsorship of a "Project Survival." When­ vated this anomaly in the traditional Decentralization is to replace centralization ever the low-energy idea has been put to the American philosophy of encouraging all and small, self-contained communities will peoples' representatives, such as by proposals citizens in our society to aspire to higher re-emerge and large cities disappear. Energy to slash R&D funds or end nuclear indemnity consumption ts to be more than halved. The standards of living and greater freedom laws, it has been rejected decisively. Indeed, resulting low-energy society compared to if the change were ever put squarely to the of dignity for everyone. the one it replaces is supposed to be simpler, people, it would be rejected out of hand. This The text of the Hosmer letter is as fairer, cleaner, less complicated, more re­ underlines the pragmatism of the move­ follows: sponsible to peoples' needs and more satis­ ment's strategy to precipitate it indirectly, DEAR CONGRESSMAN: As a former member fying to their souls. What it might really be by means of energy famine, steering away of the House of Representatives who served like is something else, again. from an open plebiscite and publicizing ulti­ on bath Interior a.nd Joint Atomic commit­ As a strategy to achieve these ends, Nader mate goals to only a trusted few. tees my interest in conventional and nuclear recalls that his fight against Detroit's cor­ To draw a conclusion from the foregoing, energy sources spans many years. As presi­ porate giants was not won by frontal at­ I call attention to the many procedural road­ dent of the orga.n.1.zation on this letterhead tack. It focused public alarm upon short­ blocks to getting things done in our country I am now concerned primarily with nuclear comings of the Corvair first, and only there­ erected by court decisions and, in recent power. But, in trying to analyze why nu­ after upon h1s real target, the corporate sys­ yea.rs, written into the law by Congress itself. clear power is being fought so ha.rd, I awak­ tem which produced tt. So fa.r as it is visible, Often they seem to contribute less to de­ ened to the fact that conventional power the strategy of the disparate forces under sirable environmental and aesthetic goals is in trouble too. There are many e>bstruc­ the anti-nuclear banner who might boldly than they do to protracted delay in access tions to getting coal out of the ground and restructure American lifestyle seems to fol­ to energy and the simlla.r resources needed burning it, to drilllng offshore for oll in the low a similar pattern. They would: for man's support, employment and satisfac­ Lower 48 and in getting Alaskan oil down to Forge together and give leadership to a tions. its market. wide range of social activists, ideallsts, dis­ To the extent that such delays cripple In that context I ask myself these ques­ sidents, consumer groups, environmental or­ the economy, they force changes upon the tions: ganiZations and other protesters; existing free-enterprise socio-economic sys­ "What motivates the anti-nuclear move­ Take advantage of the wave of distrust tem. It ts obvious that changes brought about ment? Is it Just concern wtth nuclear power? in institutions which has been heightened in this manner are not the result of volun­ Or, 1s it something beyond? by the Vietnam and Watergate tragedies, tary actions by an aware people democrat­ Perhaps the following &nalysls will be Congress falling to deal with problems, lead­ ically taken. Rather, they are the silent helpful to you as you prepare yourself to ers who do not lead, public scandals, and products of inaction and delay which seep meet the public during this year's campaign the "little man's" disillusionment with big from obscure recesses of procedurally snarled period: government, big business, big anything; courts, boards, regulatory bodies and com­ Stra.tghtforwa.rd anxiety over safety and Focus upon a suitable target, in this case missions. nuclear proliferation obviously underlies nuclear power, which symbolizes both big­ Permitted to continue, that kind of paraly­ some nuclear apprehension. But to under­ ness and business, has its ancestry in the sis inevitably will kill off our "growth" soci­ stand the extent of nuclear d.Lssent in Amer­ explosive tragedy of Hiroshima, and whose ety and supplant it with a "no-growth" pat­ ica today, it is necessary to postulate the semi-metaphysical nature and awkward li­ tern, accomplishing the basic goal of the existence of a quite separate category of censing procedures give endless opportunity counter-culture. In the process, the people's energy opponents consisting of people dis­ for repeated challenges in full sight of sen­ heritage of a free, productive economy and illusioned. with some aspects of the Amer­ sation prone media. choice of lifestyles will be denied them and ican society, possibly distrustful of its in­ Carrying forward an anti-nuclear strategy a. disciplined, spartan, yet-to-be-defined regi­ stitutions, and seeking for the country a so conceived could make construction of men imposed upon them. lifestyle quite different than today's. To such nuclear power stations increasingly difficult. My point is, that even if such a fate were people, nuclear power may symbolize life's But, the strategy also has a conventional necessary or inevitable-and I do not for a frustrations a.nd its elimination be seen as side. Coal and petroleum could be stlffied by moment grant that it ls-the proposition a bridge to broad societal changes they wish tougher environmental laws, regulations, should be put squarely to an a.ware people to see. truces and other means. This ls not an un­ for their free choice and consent. It should One must understand that such people assuming strategy just to conserve energy not be brought about surreptitiously and by are hardly subversives or bomb-throwing and increase emctency within a growth so­ indirection. radicals. They are likely to be idealistic and ciety. These restraints on energy supply 1. hope these thoughts are helpful as you highly motiva.ted to better the world.. Or, would come during a dozen or so yea.rs of grapple With legislation dealing with energy they may be dissatisfied with lives of empty United States history in which demographic supply and access to resources and as you amuence. For example, the Creative In1t1a­ factors already in place are calculated to campaign on the home front. tlve F<>Ulldation ls a band of upper and double the demand for energy. Ultimately, Sincerely, middle income Californta.ns whose zealous these factors could combine to reduce its CRAIG HOSMER. June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21079 WHY IS KISSINGER ABANDONING was an effort by our former Chief Executive, of the Communist occupied territory of Main­ THE REPUBLIC OF CIDNA? repudiated by his own people in the Water­ land China with 800,000,000 people. Nowhere gate scandals, to make a specta.cula1· break­ in the world is the contra.st more vividly ap­ through to one of the two principal Com­ parent between the free way of life, so glibly HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK munist powers. The fa.ct remains that the talked about by Kissinger, and the controlled joint communique issued at Shanghai on Communist order of things which ls the com­ OF OHIO February 28, 1972, still rides high in our mon denominator of both Russia and Main­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES foreign policy, even though the leadership land China, with due deference to t heir n a­ Monday, June 28, 1976 of Chou En-lai collapsed soon thereafter and tive differences. new leaders of different points of view face Even while the writer was there, escapees Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, once us a.cross the ocean. from Mainland China, fleeing the Communist more concem is being raised about Sec­ Before quoting this communique and show­ regime by one method or another--sallboats, retary of State Kissinger's policy toward ing that it still rules policy in the State motorboats, rafts, and even in some In­ the Republic of China on Taiwan. As Department under Secretary Kissinger who stances swlmmlng through shark-infested Kissinger tries to make the U.S. rela­ had a great part in drafting it, we may note waters, sought their future in life on Taiwan. among the generalities of this communique It ls also apparent here when the American tions with Peking closer, he is also at­ those few words which seek to state the Immigration Service supervises the trans­ tempting to weaken a strong and mutu­ American point of view and policy: planting t o this country of several hundred ally beneficial relationship between the "The United States supports individual thousand Chinese escaping from the Main­ United States and the Republic of China freedom and social progress for all the peo­ land. Although these facts were well known on Ta.iwan. This Kissinger policy which ples of the world, free of outside pressure or in 1972, nevertheless the joint communique seems to have the support of President Intervention." makes these following extraordinary admi5- Ford would be disastrous not only for The fate of a small, Independent country, sions on the part of the United States: the Republic of China but also for this far more integrated and more ftrmly estab­ "The U.S. side declared: The United States lished than Israel, far, far away, hung 1n the acknowledges that all Chinese on either side country. balance-and still does. The communique of the Taiwan Strait maintain there ls but In the Sunday, June 27, 1976, issue of recites the following: one China and that Taiwan ls a part of the Washington Star an article by Nor­ "The two sides reviewed the long-standing China. The United States Government does man Littell appeared discussing U.S. serious disputes between China and the not challenge that position. It reaffirms its policy toward Taiwan. Below appears the United States. The Chinese side reaffirmed Its Interest in a peaceful settlement of the Tai­ text of that article. I commend it to the position: The Taiwan question ls the crucial wan question by the Chinese themselves. attention of my colleagues. question obstructing the normalization of re­ With this prospect in mind, it affirms the lations between China. and the United States; ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all KlsSINGER'S MORALITY AND TAIWAN' S FATE the Government of the People's Republic of U.S. forces and military installations from (By Norman Littell) China. ls the sole legal government of China; Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively "The greatness of America," Henry Kis­ Taiwan ls a province of China which has long reduce its forces and military installations on singer said in April, "has been not so much been returned to the motherland; the libera­ Taiwan as the tension in the area di­ Its physical strength as its moral signUi­ tion of Taiwan is China's internal affair 1n minishes." cance." which no other country has the right to In­ It ls too late for President Ford to make After expounding at length on our dedi­ terfere; and all U.S. forces and military in­ a fresh start by simply dropping all refer­ cation to liberty and the progress of all stallations must be Withdrawn from Taiwan. ences to the word "detente," for Henry Kis­ mankind, peace, and justice, as insplring The Chinese Government firmly opposes any singer still heads the State Department, and goals, the Secretary finally reaches the con­ activities which aim at the creation of 'one according to President Ford's public state­ crete: China, one Taiwan,' 'one China, two govern­ ment, will be asked to continue if Ford ls "The survival and security of Israel are ments.' •two Chinas,' and 'Independent Tai­ re-elected. The policy of the Ford Adminis­ unequivocal and permanent moral commit­ wan• or advocate that 'the status of Taiwan tration ls precisely the same as Nixon's. The ments of the United States. Isl'ael is a loyal remains to be determined.' " official statement of State Department policy friend and a fellow democracy, whose very To anyone knowing the facts and famillar of March 1976, appearing in its regular re­ existence represents the commitment of all with the situation on Taiwan, the statement lease entitled "GIST,'' said 1n part as follows: free peoples. which followed 1n respect to the United "Current situation: During his visit to Pe­ "America will not abandon a friend be­ States' point of view is almost unbelievable. king in December 1975, President Gerald R. cause to do so in one pa.rt of the world During the administration of President Ford reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to com­ would shake confidence in every pa.rt oif the Eisenhower in the United States, extensive plete the normalization of relations With the world. There Will be no American weakness efforts were dedicated to aiding smaller PRC on the basic of the Shanghai Communi­ or abdication for this can only tempt ad­ countries in advancing private initiative and que. This communique, which was signed versaries, confuse allies, and undermine se­ enterprise, inasmuch as it was evident even on February 28, 1972, provides the frame­ curity in the world-ultimately to the grave at that early time that we could not forever work for the new relationship between the peril of our country." sustain the enormous burden of foreign aid. U.S. and the PRC. In this document, the two can this fine statement of basic princi­ Furthermore, this country was dedicated to sides jointly stated that: ples of our country stand and face the acid the principles of self-help and private initi­ Progress t.oward the normalization of rela­ test of comparison with Kissinger's state­ ative. The writer having been chairman of tions between China and the U.S. is in t he ment elsewhere in contemporary history? successive committees of the American Bar, Interest of all countries; Does the last quoted statement apply equally International Bar and Inter-American Bar Both wish to reduce the danger of inter­ to another small country long-listed as a Associations on foreign investment laws. I national military conflict; "loyal friend and a. fellow democracy" on the was asked to meet with delegations from for­ Neither should seek hegemony in t he other side of the world ?-One which even eign countries seeking investment of Ameri­ Asia-Pacific area and each is opposed to ef­ supplied men, munitions, planes, and at­ can capital, and above all the importation forts by any other country or group of cou n - tacking power in World War II when Admiral of "know-how" of production.-One of these tries to establish such hegemony; Nimitz, in command of our Pacific defenses, delegations was from Taiwan, and the 'ra.i­ Neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf faced the drastic shortages which inevitably wanese Foreign Investment Encouragement of any third party or to enter into agree­ flowed from General Marshall's advice that Law was thereafter drafted upon return of ments or understanding with the other we must concentrate on Europe? the delegation to Taiwan, and adopted by the which m ay be directed at other states. What would have happened without the legislative Yuan to become the "Foreign In­ It is a tragic thing for 16 million people loyal fighting force of the Republic of China. vestment Encouragement Law of 1959." on the island of Taiwan that the policies of on Taiwan? Experience showed many flaws in the Act, the 1972 communique, notwithstanding the This brings us face to face today with and the Republic of China asked the United 1954 treaty of mutual defense between the Kissinger's favorite word-"detente." Almost States State Department to invite the writer Republic of China on Taiwan and the U.S. unknown to the American public, the use of to visit Taiwan and help redraft the law. Government, should state in continua.nee of this French word originated with the ex­ This was done in 1960, in a very intensive the Nixon policy: President Richard Nixon's visit to the Peo­ "vacation month" in Taiwan, where the writ­ "Acknowledged that all Chinese on either ple's Republic of China (the Communist er was the first "foreigner invited to ap­ side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is ma.inland) on invitation of Premier Chou pear before the legislative Yuan, in order to but one China and that Taiwan is part of En-lai, from February 21 t.o February 28, explain the law. The "Foreign Investment China; 1972. Dr. Henry Kissinger was then Assistant Encouragement Law of 1960" became the "Reaffirmed its interest in a peaceful to the President. This is not the time or leading one 1n the world and highly success­ sett lement of the Taiwan question by t he place to discuss the fact that this expedition ful, a~ measured by the fiow of capita.I, of Chinese themselves; to Communist China, as noted quite critic­ "know-how," and the steady increase of em­ "Wit h this prospect in mind, afllrmed the ally by President Nixon's former Vice Presi­ ployment and production, until the annual ult imat e objective of the Withdrawal of all dent, Spiro Agnew, in an interview with per capita production of $750 on Taiwan, hav­ U.S . .forc es and mllitary installations from Merv Griffin (on TV Channel 5) on May 13, ing 16 million people, is about four times that T a iwan. and 21080 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 "Pledged to reduce its military presence in Communists and make new catastrophes in­ THREATS TO ORDERLY OBSERV­ the Taiwan area as tensions there dlm1n1sh ... evitable." ANCES OF THE BICENTENNIAL, With per capita production of $750 per Anti-Communist leaders from all over the person in Taiwan, amounting to three or four world coming to Taiwan for the week-long PART I; THE JULY 4 COALITION times the per capita production on Main­ activities of the 1976 "World Freedom Day" land China with a population of 800 million meetings, joined in warning the free na­ HON. LARRY McDONALD under communist collectivist production, 1t tions against llluslons about detente with was a sad incident in the history of American the Communists. They also said that Presi­ OF GEORGIA foreign relations when Nixon sought to re­ dent Ford's recent statements are just mat­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deem his damaged reputation by establishing ters of political expediency. Paul Vanderho­ new relationships With the Peking govern­ ven, President of the Belgium chapter of the Monday, June 28, 1976 ment. (Being unable to read Chinese, he World Anti-Communist League, said that Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, during could not even translate the denigrating it is a great mistake for the United States the past 2 weeks, the three principal signs and placards held up at the public President, Gerald Ford, to set a goal of "nor­ groups planning events which may dis­ meetings where he appeared in Peking.) He malizing relations with Peking. The nor­ well knew, however, that the Republic of malization of relations only benefits the rupt the orderly observance of the Bicen­ China or Taiwan was the most outstanding Peking regime." tennial on July 4-the July 4 Coalition­ success of American foreign policy in creat­ No Secretary of State in our history has so J4C-the Rich OfI Our Backs-July 4th ing in the smaller nations the private enter­ freely and fully used the power of the United Coalition-ROOB-and the People's Bi­ prise approach to production so basic to the States in foreign relations as a tool to serve centennial Commission - PBC - have free way of life. All this was disregarded and his own convictions. No book he may write, 1f completed their demonstration plans and virtually abandoned in the detente Com­ and when he leaves office, can explain a.way are now involved in final "building ac­ munique of 1972. his selective use of what he calls "the moral tions." These reports on their counter­ Still more tragic is the failure of President force" of the United States. For all prac-· Ford to make a clean break with Nixon pol­ tical purposes, the Shanghai Communique of Bicentennial plans are designed to swn­ icy. In foreign aifa.irs, Henry Kissinger is the February 28, 1972, has had the force and marize and update my series of reports connecting link. He helped draft the com­ effect of a treaty, but such a treaty would during the past 5 months on these activi­ munique and create the so-called "detente" never have run the legal course of passage ties. with Communist China. through Congress. THE JULY 4 COALITION To the American public, detente has come In contrast thereto is Kissinger's aban­ to mean simply a friendly approach to the The July 4 Coalition-J4C-operating donment of "our friend" to whom we are from headquarters at 339 Lafayette hostile Communist countries-principa.lly, bound by the loyalties of World War II in the Russia and Communist China. Too little Pacific, and by treaties of mutual guaran­ Street, New York, N.Y. 10009-212/673- thought ls given to the fact that while Com­ tee-the democratic Republic of China on 1776; from the Zion Baptist Church, munist Russia and Communist China a.re at Taiwan. Broad and Venango Streets, Philadel­ the moment hostile to each other, facing phia, Pa. 19140, 215/228-0515 and 732- each other over an 800-mlle boundary line, 6673, a church whose minister is Rev. if the Soviet Government, in maneuvering Leon Sullivan of Opportunities Indus­ for political power, could bring about a SOCIAL SECURITY PAYMENTS TO trialization Center fame and fortune; treaty as it did With Hitler's government, de­ HEW-WORTH THE COST? serting the allies, and combine with the from 362 capp Street, San Francisco, Communists of China, an overwhelming con­ Calif., 415/648-3011; and claiming more trol of power by the communist powers in HON. CHARLES A. VANIK than 60 local July 4 coalitions in Boston, the Far Ea.st would be assured. OF OHIO Chicago, Detroit, Seattle, Los Angeles, Our mutual aid treaty of 1954, with the Madison, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Athens. Republic of China., plus Taiwan's armed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . Ohio; Baltimore, Buffalo, and other ci­ strength with 500,000 men in a disciplined Monday, June 28, 1976 array in Taiwan's mmtary forces, and Tai­ ties, has attracted a sponsor list which wan's increasingly successful manufacture of Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, with the reads like a rollcall of late 1960's old and planes and other armaments, has constituted current strong interest across the country new left anti-Vietnam organizers. a counter-balancing force which we ca.nnot in preserving the soundness of the Social In its formation, J4C had the assist­ afford to abandon. Security Trust Funds-which, as Mem­ ance of the Communist Party, U.S.A. In With the death of President Chiang Ka1- bers know, have recently been shrink­ recent weeks, many of the CPUSA orga­ shek, it can be said With a degree of cer­ ing-the Ways and Means Oversight nizers have retreated and are no longer tainty that the Nationalist concept of recon­ active with the coalition. CPUSA cadre quering the mainland by military means has Subcommittee is examining various been abandoned in the Republic of China, aspects of the social security SSI pro­ have been told to stay clear of Philadel­ but not so as to political and economic pene­ gram and its expenditures. phia, to avoid arrest. and against becom­ tration. The news is widespread 1n Mainland I was surprised to learn that in fiscal ing involved in possibly violent activities. China as to the improved living conditions, year 1975 some $20.6 million was spent In pulling out at this time, the Com­ employment, industrial and agricultural pro­ from the trust funds for salaries, ex­ munist Party is using a long-developed duction 1n Taiwan. penses, et cet.era, in the Office of the strategy which was effectively imple­ The Taiwan Food Bill in 1975, -commis­ Secretary of HEW and in other non­ mented in Chicago at the 1968 riots at sioned the national Chung-sing University to the Democratic National Convention make a survey of the diet of the people of social security sections of that Depart­ Taiwan; 2400 households were visited. The ment. and in Washington, D.C., at the 1971 :findings were well known that the per ca.pita Information I have obtained shows Mayday disruptions. On both these oc­ consumption of meat had increased greatly, that of the $20.6 million withdrawn from casions of major street violence, the also of fish, eggs, cooking oil, and dairy the hard-pressed trust funds about $8% Communist Party was documented as products during the five-year period from million went to the Office of the HEW having provided the major logistical 19'.70 to 1975. No censorship can prevent backup-the medical first aid t.eams, the news from traveling. Quite aside from the Secretary. It is interesting to note that the total legal defense apparat, money for office natural sympathies of most of the Chinese space, et cetera. Once having assisted in population in Mainland China, the fact that of $20.6 million a year, although it life is better and opportunty greater in the makes up only a small part of the total preparing a climate for violence, the free way of life on Taiwan is a deeply under­ social security expenditures, i:: still Communist Party made sure its mem­ mining force to the Communist regime in the enough to pay 5,000 aged or disabled bers were out of the way when the new Mainland. No wonder Peking would like to people a continuing benefit of close to left stormtroopers rioted in the streets. acquire the province of Taiwan and absorb it, $350 a month. In October 1968, the House Committee with its industry and armaments, into the on Un-American Activities held extensive disciplines (coupled with executions) of the Whether the social security system received good value for this money paid hearings on the disturbances that had collectivist regime which cannot possibly taken place at the Democratic National compete with the productive capacity of to non-social security units of HEW is Convention in Chicago, m .. that summer. Taiwan. a question that should be pursued. I iear The committee received evidence that As the able President Yen Chia-kan of the that the trust funds are being used to plans had been made many months ear­ Republic of China said on World Freedom st:bsidize HEW activities which are of lier to provide organization, legal defense Day, January 23 of this year, at the Sun little use to social security beneficiaries. Yat-sen Memorial Hall on Teipel, the fall of and medical aid for the violent disruP­ Indo-China proved that illusions of "de­ Perhaps social security beneficia1·ies tions. tente" and appeasement" can never improve would be better served by an independent During the early stages of the planning the world situation, and furthermore that agency which did not have to support an identified Communist Party members "c!etente and appeasement will encourage the extra headquarters' staff. such as Kendra Alexander, Carolyn June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21081 Black, Earl Durham, Don Hammerquist, delphia Police Department with Fed­ with the PSP are the Venceremos Bri­ Charlene Mitchell, and Jack Spiegel took eral troops. J4C regarded this as a fur­ gade-VB; the New American Move­ an active role. The rent for the office to ther victory over Mayor Rizzo's admin­ ment-NAM; Mass Party Organizing be used by the disruption organizers was istration, reinforcing their successes in Committee-MPOC; Prairie Fire Organ­ paid for by a check written by Identified Federal court in obtaining parade per­ izing Committee-PFOC; and the War Communist Party member, Dr. Quentin mits. Resisters League-WRL. The J 4C's pub­ Young. In 1976 FBI files released by the In the first week of June, the J4C lished list of endorsing organizations fol­ lows as an appendix. I: Church committee confirmed the infor­ claimed 150 sponsoring organizations; mation developed by the House Commit­ but by June 21 was claiming "more than The J4C national organizing has been tee on Un-American Activities. However, 400" organizational sponsors. coordinated by an executive board-in­ when the days of violence took place the Midwest and east coast organizing is dicated in the appendix-and by a Communist Party members were conspic­ designed to build maximum attendance staff of organizers headed by Alf redo Lo­ uous by their absence. at the Philadelphia counter-Bicenten­ pez, a member of the PSP U.S. Zone Po­ In 1971 the Communist Party through nial, while on the west coast, demon­ litical Commission who resigned his posi­ its front organization, Peoples Coalition strations are planned in San Francisco, tion as director of the PRSC to free him­ for Peach and Justice, played a major Los Angeles, and Seattle. self for J4C activities. Others working role in organizing the violent "May Day" While some of J4C's most militant with Lopez include Alan Howard, Chile demonstration in Washington, D.C. The pacifists recently-May 28, 1976-issued Solidarity Committee-CBC; Lally Lopez, House Committee on Internal Security statements disavowing violence and PRSC; Ro Reilly, MPOC; and Jed Prou­ held hearings documenting the Commu­ stating they "sharply oppose the poli­ jansky, PFOC and Native American Sol­ nist Party role. Herbert Romerstein at tics of terrorism," the J4C is dominated idarity Committee-NASO. that time, an investigator for the com­ by the Puerto Rican Socialist Party, the J4C's organizing effort has included mittee and now a member of my staff, Weather Underground's Prairie Fire a massive distribution of literature in­ witnessed the demonstrations. He testi­ Organizing Committee, and the Ven­ cluding special pamphlets and leaflets fied that on May 4, he observed identified ceremos Brigade, all of which have directed toward blacks, women and work­ Communist Party member, Jack Spiegel, close ties to the Cubans. ers. together with production of posters, haranguing a crowd of young people. The PSP, a Castroite communist buttons, and newsletters. Romerstein testified: party, has repeatedly been exposed as Building actions for the Fourth of As soon as he finished his speech he moved the sponsoring organization for Cuban July have included a "Vito Marcantonio out of the area in which police were making trained terrorist cadres, the latest of Contingent" marching in the June 6 arrests. which is the FALN. FALN's first bombs, Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York Spiegel is now a sponsor of the July 4 it will be recalled, October 1974, coin­ City; a June 7 picket line with Ameri­ Coalition. He is active in Chicago orga­ cided with a PSP rally at New York's can Indian drums and chants at the nizing people to demonstrate in Philadel­ Madison Square Garden. Featured Boston Government Plaza, followed on phia. However, as in 1968 and 1971, after speaker at that rally, PSP secretary June 9 by a press conference on the State the Communists have turned the ani­ general Juan Mari Bras, said then that House steps denouncing "FBI harrass­ mals loose on the streets they are sure the FALN bombings were justified: ment of the coalition" and featuring to carefully duck out and avoid arrest. There is a diversity of forms and means George Wald; a Chicago rally on June 12 Therefore while numbers of well­ by which the Puerto Rican people struggle in protest of a Standard Oil Company for independence and national liberation. Bicentennial Dinner; a small Philadel­ known, and lesser known CPUSA mem­ This is one of our means. bers still appear in the lists of July 4 phia picket line on June 15 organized by Coalition sponsors, also sections of the J4C's pacifist contingent also ignores the PSP which attracted less than 20 CPUSA and its fronts-Trade Unionists the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee persons, 5 of them under 10 years of age, for Action and Democracy, the National role in the coalition, choosing to over­ 2 of whom were selling copies of a rival Alliance Against Racist and Political look PFOC's status as the overt arm of political newspaper, and 2 police officers; Repression, Chile Solidarity Committee, the Weather Underground Organiza­ and a June 25 People's Tribunal in New and so forth-Communist Party orga­ tion and the fact that many PFOC York City sponsored by the New York nizers are for the most part no longer members have been to Cuba as mem­ City J4C group. participating in J 4C meetings. In fact, bers of the Venceremos Brigade or on According to New York J4C coordina­ even the J4C poster in CPUSA's Jetfer­ other, less publicized, visits. tor, Vivian Rivera, the Tribunal will fo­ son Bookstore in New York City have The J 4C pacifists further ignore the cus on economic issues and attack the been taken down. documented relationships between the Emergency Financial Control Board­ The J4C was initiated at a conference Cuban KGB-the Directoria General de EFCB-the New York State agency called by the Puerto Rican Sociallst Intelligencia re energy-efficient transportation There is a very interesting and focal point The basic cause of this price-inelastic systems. However, if we continue to jack that needs to be awdied, analyzed and in­ demand situation is that end users of up the price of fuels which buses re­ vestigated in dinerent pa.rts of the world. It middle distillates have little real oppor­ quire, public and private transit systems could be called The Castro Connection. At this stage I am sure that The Castro tunity for substitution. As everyone will be forced to raise fares. Needle..ss to Connection is being studied and analyzed knows, natural gas is in short supply and say, this will discourage transit riders by national and international observers, by largely unavailable for new users. Con­ and would force more commuters back those who study foreign policy and funda­ tinued curtailments can be expected to to their own cars and out of the mass mentally by those authorities who investi­ cause a shift in demand of middle distil­ transit systems. FEA action to lift con­ gate crimes. lates. Demand pressures can be expected trols on the price of No. 1 D works Those in favor of the DETENTE even if they act slow, deaf and blind. preaching to increase. against energy conservation policies. against any disturbances have to realize that In the absence of market substitutes, Last February 19, 1976, I asked FEA The Castro Connection will spring out consumers and other end users are pro­ to take two actions: any minute now with all its intensity and tected from exorbitant prices only by First, the FEA must immediately take No. with great risk for the security and pe~e market supply conditions. For this rea­ 1 D diesel out of the "general refinery prod­ of the nations of the Western Hemisphere. son, I am particularly concerned about ucts" category and llm.1t its price by the In the past, Francisco Camaano Deno, the reports that FEA used inadequate and same proportional formula now used for jet Dominican Republic general dissappeared in engine fuel. Due to the relatively small num­ a revolt in his country ... some time later outdated information to analyze the ber of barrels of No. 1 D that are produced, reappeared once more in the Dominican Re­ middle distillate supply conditions. the impact on the other products in the mix public leading a small guerrilla. group. The While it is certainly true that FEA will be minimal." D<>minica.n Republic air force immediately could reimpose controls if prices increase Second. the FEA has built in a variety of took action and Camaano died. and his group too rapidly, experience has Pointed out monetary incentives for the oil companies dissolved. But the information released was that the admhlistratlon is much less to generate U.S. crude oil sources. The ra­ that on several occasions Ca.ma'B.no was in wiling than Congress to use controls in tionale being to accelerate U.S. energy inde­ traJ.ning in Oriente province in Cuba. It is pendence. As we have seen, however, the oil almost impossible that such a well-known order to prevent consumer victimization. person as Ca.maano would disappear from Should Congress approve Energy Actions companies also need a.n incentive to produce the No. 1 D diesel that 1s so vital to bus the free world and could not be seen except No. 3 and No.~ Congress will abdicate transportation. The FEA must develop a if he had hidden behind the Iron Curtain. its power t.o protect the consumer. Fu­ formula that ties eligiblllty for existing The question now is: was there a. Castro ture congressional action will be effec­ Connection? monetary incentives to a q,uota of No. 1 D The chief of the Portuguese navy, a well tively constrained by the willingness of diesel production. That quota should be known man for his leftist activities, visited the administration to reimpose controls based on the number of barrels of No. 1 D Cuba, in the middle of the turmoil that has or to take other necessary action. diesel produced in 1970. This action will as­ been whipping his country. Fidel Castro At the current time, other creative sure an on-going supply of diesel for the bus made several statements in favor of the com­ alternatives are available short of the compa.nles and, by virtue of setting produc­ munists in Portugal and the question arises. tion at 1970 levels, push the price down to a Was there a Castro Connection? "all or not.bing" decontrol which has more realistic level. been presented to us. FEA could act to Several weeks ago the assistant Secretary Obviously, FEA did not take my for Latin-American a.ft'airs in Washington, end the "marriage" requirement that William Rogers, said they would observe ties historical sellers to purchasers. I advice. Cuba's good faith in their attitude towards would support that proposal, but that is Unless Congress disapproves FEA's the Puerto Rican case. Three days later not the issue before Congress. proposals to decontrol middle distillates, Castro delivered a poisonous attack against However, even if one minimizes the which Include No. 1 D diesel, action will the United States government accusing him potential shortage of middle distillate not be taken to limit the price increases of oppressing Puerto Rico. And he even supply and the fear that the administra­ that are undermining our mass transit formed an International Congress in favor of tion will not act promptly in the event systems. Pt.terto Rico's Independence where many Therefore, I urge my colleagues to dis­ communist personalities attended. The act in of supply problems, there is an addi­ itself constitutes a flagrant Violation of the tional justification for opposing decon­ approve Energy Actions No. 3 and No. 4, non-intervention doctrine in the internal af­ tr01 of middle distillates. by supporting House Resolution 1302 fairs of other countries, this time the United No. 1 D diesel is included in the middle and House Resolution 1303. States. And again the question arises: Was distillates that FEA proposes to decon­ there a Castro Connection? trol ill Energy Action No. 4. No. 1 D diesel In one of the most recent acts .... in the fuels over 1,200 inner-city bus systems detention of Patty Hearst with three of her in the United States. Unlike some other THE CASTRO CONNECTION comrades ... the question we've been asking before might very well arise here. We remem­ customers, No. 1 D users have no imme­ ber that Pa.tty Hearst's nickname was iate alternatives. For instance, the HON. CLAUDE PEPPER "Tania.", the famous guerrilla. woman who Washington Metropolitan Area Transit OF FLORIDA was "Che" Guevara's lover, who was killed in Authority has buy this fuel no matter to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bolivia. what the price, or go out of business. At We must recall that in one of the tapes the same time, the market for No. 1 D Monday, June 28, 1976 sent by Patty Hearst to the news media. and diesel is not a growing one, and the fuel broadcasted by CBS network she spoke sev­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, one of the eral words in Spanish, I recognized those companies are turning their refineries to most distinguished citizens or Miami's words immediately because she repeated the petroleum products that represent high Cuban-American community, displaced famous Castro's slogan: "Fatherland or growth potential. These two factors con­ by the ongoing terror which Castro has Death, we shall win". tributed greatly to the price escalation introduced to the former "Jewel of the When she was arrested in San Francisco of No. 1 D diesel. caribbean" is Dr. Manolo Reyes, the out­ she had those words written down somewhere Over the last 3 years, Exxon, Texaco, standing Latin Americans affairs editor in the room where she was hiding. She be­ at WTVJ-TV in Greater Miami. As he longed to the Symbionese Liberation army Mobil, and Shell oil companies have in­ which was spoken of in a. boastful way by the creased the pl'ice of No. 1 D diesel fuel is closely aware of the nuances of Fidel Communist radio of Cuba. almost 200 percent, even with FEA con­ Castro's widespread interference in this One of the three persons arrested along trols. One can only imagine what would hemisphere, the numerous ways in with Patty Hearst was Wendy Yoshimura, 30 h appen if no controls existed. which Cuba today is used by the inter­ years old and accused by the federal author­ Among total operating costs, fuel national Communists to disseminate ities of attempting to blow up the ROTC poisonous words, silent strategic weap­ building in Berkeley. ranks second only to personnel. For ex­ ons and insurgent arms in the Americas, It was informed that the Yoshimura wom­ ample, at WMATA, fuel as a percent of and since I share the belief that we an was in Cuba. for a whole summer along operating costs has almost doubled since must not be oblivious to these threats, with the so-called "Venceremos Brigade" 1972-2.7 percent to 5.1 percent-even I request permission to include the fol­ cutting sugar cane for Castro's regime. And again the question arises: Is there a Cast ro though nearly every other expense item lowing Manolo Reyes/WTVJ-editorial increased, in absolute terms, during that connection? at this point where it will be available In the last times there has been much in­ period. to all of our colleagues: formation and speculations about John F. 21084 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 Kennedy's tragic death. The Warren Com­ islation, H.R. 6841, which wquld strike But what we "paid ourselves" was more mlsslcm sa.ld there was only one assassin: Lee the upper age limit from the Age Dis­ debt, rampant 1n1lation, more unemploy­ Harvey Oswald. Nevertheless, Oswald be­ ment and loss of confidence in our economy. longed to the Fair Play Committee for CUba crimination in Employment Act. I inVite and urge the support of my colleagues for The "something for nothing" boys have and was an active member of that organiza­ ruined the economy with heavy doses of so­ tion. Several months before the Kennedy as­ this basic measure of justice for senior cialism and its resulting debts. Now they sassination Oswald wanted to go to the Soviet citizens. Let us devote a few moments of propose more of the cause in order to solve Union through Cuba. For that purpose he the time we spend debating financial aid the eJfect. This type of reasoning is irrational, went to Mexico. Was there a Castro connec­ for seniors to a bill which would keep as history has demonstrated time and time tion in his plans? millions of seniors o1f those aid rolls for again. Th1s is the same question many people ask a little while longer. H.R. 50 would generate greater in1lation at and with a Detente or Without one; it must a more rapid rate which, in turn, would dry be given an answer ... so that the real truth up venture capital. Venture capital is the and Justice be disclosed guaranteeing the money that is risked in uncertain invest­ peace and security of countries. ments combined with an unstable monetary "FULL EMPLOYMENT ACT'' IS situation. Withdrawing venture capital QUACK CURE • * • FOR ECONOMIC would result in lower productivity. ILLS BESETTING US ALL Confidence can't be legislated into an econ­ A TIME TO HALT AGE BIAS omy; it results from a sound economic sit­ uation. The sponsors of the bill want to push HON. MARVIN L. ESCH on the string by foolishly attempting to cre­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL OF MICHIGAN ate confidence when all they would create would be the woes of deficits, devaluations OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and depressions. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, June 28, 1976 The genera.I findings state that "Congress Monday, June 28, 1976 finds that the Nation has suft'ered substan­ Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker in, the contin­ tial and increasing unemployment and un­ Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the uing debate concerning H.R. 50, the deremployment, over prolonged periods of time has come for the Congress to protect Humphrey-Hawkins bill, several political time, imposing numerous economic and so­ the livelihood of our senior citizens. The groupS have given their positions on this cial costs." This results from the injection Supreme Court on Friday upheld the con­ measure. Last month, the Liberty Lobby of excessive socialism into our competitive, stitutionality of mandatory i·etirement. If submitted its statement to the House, free enterprise system. H.R. 50 proposes more which was also published in the May 31 socialism-more of the cause in order to re­ this degrading practice is to be stopped, solve the effect. This is not the solution. it is now up to us take the initiative. issue of its newspaper. The testimony The Full Employment and Balanced Mandatory retirement tells seniors that is somewhat lengthy, but I would like Growth Plan would create massive unem­ after an arbitrary age, typically 65, they to have the majority of the statement, ployment and an unbalanced, non-growth are no longer fit to be employed. Regard­ those portions dealing with economic economy as the bureaucrats in their infinite less of their capacity to do the work, their problems and governmental power, pub­ wisdom go off on uncontrolled, unchecked desire to continue to earn their own way, lished in the RECORD for the considera­ sprees. tion of all Members. I believe the lobby Under Title I-Establishment of Goals, their ability to make a major contribu­ Planning, and General Economic Policies, tion to their employers and society, makes some important points: the Declaration of Policy states that "The seniors know that when the fateful day "FuLL EMPLOYMENT ACT" Is QUACK CURE Congress hereby declares that it ls the con­ arrives they are to be put out the door * * * FOR ECONOMIC ILLS BESETTING Us ALL tinuing policy and responsibility of the Fed­ with a pat on the back, a meager pen­ Would you fight a forest fire by flooding eral Government to use all practicable sion, if they are lucky, and maybe even the flames with gasoline? That is the ap­ means ... to foster and promote free com­ a gold wat;ch which will tick o1f the hours proach this mis-nomer, the "Full Employ­ petitive enterprise ... and to promote full until oblivion. ment and Ba.lanced Growth Act," takes in employment, production, and purchasing applying a quack cure to our economic ills. power." According to recent polls, no fewer H.R. 50 is a license to spend to infinity. The The basic premise of this bill is in error. than 7 million Americans have been dis­ primary cause of inflation and of the result­ It is not the responsibility of the Federal missed against their will solely be­ ing unemployment from the sloWing of the Government to promote socialistic schemes cause the employment clock ran out. economy is deficit spending by the U.S. as within a free market. If this is not true, then In 1967, the Congress took a long step implemented by the Federal Reserve. This there is no economic liberty and Without toward recognizing the h·rationality and bill would mandate and generate the most that there are no human rights. massive deficit spending this country has How ironic it is that those who cry out for cruelty of age discrimination. In the Age seen to date-and this country has seen human rights are the same people who Discrimination in Employment Act, it much, with a deficit of more than $600 would deny these rights by ta.king away was declared that-- billion. economic freedom. The setting of arbitrary age limits regard­ Inflation causes unemployment; H.R. 50 It is impossible to "promote free com­ less of potential for Job performance has would cause inflation. petitive enterprise" with heavy doses of so­ become a common practice. This "Five Year Program" (quoting Sena­ cialism. And it is also impossible to "pro­ tor Humphrey) is a warmed-over Five Year mote full purchasing power" With a bill that And that-- Plan the communists have tried to launch would produce more infiation With deficit It burdens commerce and the free fl.ow of for years. If it were not for the West, Russia spending. Inflation is the reduction or dilu­ goods in commerce. (29 U.S.C. sec. 621.) would have starved and collapsed from with­ tion of the purchasing power of our dollar. in, years ago. Should H.R. 50 pass, the same The proclaimed goal and proposed solution But only people between ages 40 and could eventually happen to America. run in completely opposite directions. 65 were deemed worthy of this protection In order for government to spend massive The "employer of last resort" becomes the amounts of funds to "guarantee" employ­ employer of first resort, as demonstrated by against discrimination. In other words, ment of 97 per cent of the "work force," past growth of the federal payroll. Since discrimination at age 64 is arbitrary and the funds either must come from taxes, bled Franklin D. Roosevelt, the cost of govern­ falls under the act's interdictions, but out of workers (middle class,) or from future ment and welfare has skyrocketed. Back in forced retirement at age 65 and beyond generations in the form of debt at high inter­ 1933, the total federal civilian employment is est rates. This bill would mandate greater was slightly more than 605,000, With a very implicitly rational and has the bless­ spending, higher taxes and more debt. It small percentage of the populace working ings of the Supreme Court, which, in­ is impossible to spend yourself into pros­ for the government at all levels. cidentally, is itself exempted from man­ perity. And with the degree of efficiency of Today, the figure has soared to about 13 4 datory age retirement, as is the Congress. most government operations, the debt gen­ million, or one out of every six wage earne;s Many of our most esteemed colleagues, erated would be greater than any benefits. employed by the federal, state or municipal Mr. Speaker, have passed beyond the If more deficit spending would answer our governments. The total federal payroll is now economic woes, our deficit of more than $600 more than $40 billion. This does not in­ magic threshold of age 65. I ask them, billion and rapidly going even higher ( 45 clude the almost uncountable, and now un­ and their brethren on the Supreme per cent of the total debt created in the controllable, welfare recipients at the various Court, whether on that momentous day last seven years), we should have no infl.a­ government levels. An indication of how they experienced any sudden deteriora­ tion, no unemployment, a confident econ­ massive this problem has become is the fact omy and such a high level of prosperity that that social services are now 57 per cent of tion in their faculties or diminution of the deficit would be a. "myth." President the federal budget. their desire to be of gainful service to Franklin D. Roosevelt explained this attitude • • • • • themselves and to their country. toward deficits with a glib "We owe it to our­ Congress must curb the executive branch Mr. Speaker, I am the sponsor of leg- selves." as it accumulates more and more power to it- June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21085 self via. the massive expenditure of money FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR 1975 Automobiles and manpower. Having accomplished that, 1965 Rambler, fair market value_ 250. 00 Congress then does not want to be guilty of 1973 Chevrolet, fair market this same dastardly deed by passing H.R. 50. value ------2,975.00 • HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI Law books------545. 07 This legislation also involves itself with OF KENTUCKY education and day care. Federal control of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Net assets______65, 674. 70 children is another pet project of the leftists who wish to regiment our society totally. Monday, June 28, 1976 INCOME "Priority policies and programs to support Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, today, I Interest and dividends full employment and balanced growtH. shall am inserting into the RECORD a com­ Lincoln Federal S&L Associa- initially include ... the quality and quantity plete statement of my financial worth as tion ------451. 77 of heath care, education, day care, and hous­ of December 31, 1975. This statement in­ Liberty National Bank & Trust ing essential to a full economy ..." This, of Company------107.45 course, requires more government control. cludes all assets which are held in my American United Life Insurance All of us would come under the control of name individually; those held jointly Company------38.35 the bureaucrat. Besides, the federal govern­ with my wife; and all assets which are Government Services S&L Asso- ment is a notorious bumbler in trying to held by my wife in her name. ciation ------197. 38 handle these obviously local problems. Also included is a statement of our in­ Northern Virginia s&i.. Associa- The same page calls for "such other priority come, from all sources, for the calendar tion ------259. 15 policies and programs as the President deems year 1975 as developed from our income Law practice: income ______appropriate." This promotes an even greater Miscellaneous degree of control, especially when the Presi­ tax return for that year. dent implements an executive order. The Since coming to the Congress in 1971 Kentucky Home Economics Asso­ President, under these conditions, would have I have placed a full financial disclosure in ciation, Electrical Women's the power of a king. This legislation would the RECORD annually. I shall continue thls Round Table, honorarium for turn the calendar back 200 years. speech ------200. oo practice each succeeding year that it is U.S. House of Representatives: * * * • my privilege and honor to serve in the Salary------42,850.00 This bill is also another example of asking Congress of the United States. Congress to turn over to unelected bureau­ Gross income______44, 104. 10 crats its authority and responsibility for The statement of finances follows: making the laws of the land. "The Secretary Romano L. and Helen D. Mazzoit-Statement (of Labor), in carrying out the provisions of of financial worth as of December 31, 1975 EXPENSES, DEDUCTIONS, AND EXEMPTIONS this section, shall establish such regulations Cash on deposit Congressional expenses in excess as he or she deems necessary." To give such Lincoln Federal S&L Assn., acct. of reimbursements______1, 369. 49 power into the hands of bureaucrats not di­ No. 37339------$8,914.72 Miscellaneous congressional de- rectly accountable to the Amerclan people ductions ------3,796.62 provides the way for unbridled power. Liberty National Bank & Trust Miscellaneous deductions ______378.00 Co., Acct. No. 09-013390______2, 903. 35 It is this approach that has created so many Itemized personal deductions ___ _ 9, 571. 00 of our alphabetical monsters (OSHA, EPA, Liberty National Bank & Trust Personal exemptions ______3,000.00 etc.) that have the force of law but none of Co., Acct. No. 08-33-816-7_____ 27. 89 the restraints upon those elected by the peo­ American United Life Insurance Subtotal ------18,114.62 ple. Co., Policy No. 1116312______110. 91 The expense of the exploding bureaucracy American United Life Insurance· Tota.I taxable income_____ 25, 989. 48 required to administer this monster and the Co., Policy No. 1011729------859. 00 cost of "creating" jobs would far exceed any Northern Virginia S&L Assn., "benefit." History has proved this time and Cert. of Deposit L5002L______1, 141. 68 again. The mere fact that we are $600 billion Northern Virginia S&L Assn., AMERICAN HANDOUTS IN FUTURE in debt 30 yea.rs after the Full Employment Cert. of Deposit L80507______1, 109. 95 Act of 1946 speaks volumes. Wishful thinking does not alter the fact Northern Virginia S&L Assn., that this bill would put America even deep­ Acct. No. 6084------1, 767. 40 HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER er in debt and thus create JnOre inflation Government Services S&L Assn., OF NEBRASKA Acct. No. 034231-9______3,414.02 and more unemployment. What the pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ponents seek to avoid, unemployment, ls ex­ Securities, stocks, and bonds actly what will be produced. This bill is eco­ U.S. Government bonds, series E_ 926.45 Monday, June 28, 1976 nomic suicide. Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, as The proposal to find jobs comparable to one's previous "standard" ls ludicrous. When Real property we consider today the amount of the times are tough, one tightens his belt-as Residential: American contribution to the World every generation has done in the past. To 939 Ardmore Drive, Louisville, Ky.: Bank, the Asian Development Bank and offer a dole merely because one ~annot main­ Assessedvalue ______22,720.00 the Inter-American Development Bank, tain his income level is to assure even more Less: Mortgage, Portland we must seriously reconsider the impact welfare, handouts and abuses. This openly ad­ Federal S&L______11, 254. 70 these investments are having on the vocates greater inefficiency within our American economy. economy. Subtotal ------11,465.30 "The Congress shall initiate or develop such For the most part, the impact has been legislation as it deems necessary to imple­ salutory. Developing foreign economies ment these proposals and objectives ..." 1030 Anderson St., Alexandria, allow people to help themselves. They re­ Va.: This one sentence in Sec. 302 is a mandate, Assessed value ______duce the pressw·e for American handout a requirement to spend and spend which 56,200.00 in the future. They boost the standard of Less: Mortgage, Cowger & would result in a total collapse of our Miller Co ______living in foreign countries, creating nev; economy and eventually our Nation. 52,605.29 markets for our industrial products, cre­ ating employment in this country. * • • Subtotal ------3,594.71 Gentlemen, you a.re urged t-0 vote against Commercial or Investment___ _ But there is one unfortunate situation this socialistic legislation because it would where our tax dollars are being used to sell out the future of all Liberty Lobby mem­ subsidize and create unfair and destruc­ bers and subscribers, and all Americans. It Cash surrender value of is Marxist in its concept and would result life in.surance policies tive competition for American farmers­ in the opposite of its purported goal of as­ American United Life Ins. Co., and, more to the point of our concern suring full employment. The deficit spend­ Policy No. 1011729 ______$2,880.87 today, our own taxpayers. ing, the inflation and the resulting unem­ American United Life Ins. Co., Palm oil imports have more than ployment would contribute to a total and Policy No. 1116312 ______312.61 doubled in the past year and are ex­ nonrecoverable national bankruptcy with Federal Employees retire­ pected to triple again over the next dec­ resulting anarchy and the overthrow of our ment system system. Let us not legislate that in this ade. The rapid increase of palm oil im­ year of the 200th anniversary of our freedom. Contribution to fund ______16,725.77 ports has severely damaged our domestic 21086 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 soybean industry. Soybean exports com­ the last few years, and on June 11, a 40- borne out in 1974 when ~dead salmon was prise the largest single commodity among inch, 20-pound female salmon was cap­ found on the shore of the river. our farm exports and are absolutely vital tured in the river near Holyoke, Mass., Another dead salmon was also :found in a to maintaining the significantly posi­ giving renewed hope to all who are con­ commercial :fisherman's net on June 2 of last tive balance of trade necessary to offset cerned with returning the once-thriving year, while after the first salmon was taken at Holyoke last June, another dead salmon deficits in the international trade of fish to the river permanently. The In­ was also found in the river. manufactured products. The U.S. De­ terior appropriations bill that the House Commenting on the number or fish report­ partment of Agriculture projects that passed and sent to the Senate Friday, in­ ed found in the river last year, Howard Lar­ unrestricted imports of palm oil will re­ cluded $1 million for the White River sen, Regional Director of the U .s. Fish and sult in displacing more than a half mil­ National Fish Hatchery in Bethel, Vt. Wildlife Service in Boston. Mass .. said the in­ lion acres of soybeans in this country The funds will be used primarily for out­ stances of the fish returning in two years every year-15 million bushels annually. side rearing pools to be built at the gave his department an "optimis.tic" feeling The reason for the dramatic upsurge in hatchery site. With this appropriation, for the future of the Atlantic Salmon world production of palm oil in recent plus some design modifications, the program. I share that view, and while I may not be years has been the opening of the Ameri­ hatchery could be operable by as early as around when the fish really return to the can market. We have no import quotas mid-1977. river, I believe future geD.erations will have on palm oil, unlike many other foreign I urge my colleagues in the Senate to the pleasure of seeing a dream come true. markets. Competition is one thing, but consider the action we have taken with SHAD SEASON using our tax dollars to stimulate the regard to the fish hatchery, and to pass Theadore B. Bampton, Deputy Commis­ growth of this competitive industry to a bill with a similar provision. Together, sioner of the DEP, has announced the sport the detriment of domestic producers is we can speed the day when an Atlantic fishing season for shad will close at midnight quite another. Since 1965, international salmon in the Connecticut River is not a June 27. lending institutions have built the palm rarity, but an everyday reality. Commissioner Bampton noted that the oil industry through 32 industrial de­ An article appearing in the June 13 s~rt fishery for shad, because of unusually velopment loans; several of the recent Hartford Courant discusses the implica­ high water in the Connecticut River during most of the spring did not truly reflect the loans have not yet resulted in bringing tions of the salmon's capture near Hol­ size of the run. even greater production on-line. So the yoke, and some of the recent history of He Sa.id that all available evidence indi­ threat is mounting yearly. Since 1966, the efforts to return the Atlantic salmon cates that the 1976 run of shad ranks as one the United States has deposited $462 to the Connecticut River. In addition, the of the largest runs in the pan. 35 years. million into the Asian Development Bank article gives encouraging news concern­ To bear out the commissioner's view, facts which has, 1n tum, loaned $240 million ing the three-fold increase in the num­ I have gathered this week ind.lcate that more for palm oil production. ·AII told, loans ber of shad in the river this year com­ than 350,000 shad have passed over the Holy­ pared with last year. oke Dam to date, as opposed to a count o! from the three international leanding 115,733 made last year. institutions whose funding we are con­ The article follows: In addition, some 1,000 shad were passed sidering today totaled $496 million. Since LIVE ATLANTIC SALMON CAPTURED IN CON­ over the Rainbow Dam in Windsor on the our tax dollars are used to support these NECTICUT RIVER FISHWAY Farmington River during initial operations institutions, we are using our own tax (By Everett W. Lumoert) of a new fishway constructed at the dam. dollars to help destroy our domestic soy­ The capture of another live Atlantic Sal­ STATE REPORT bean industry and with it our best chance mon in the main fishway at the Holyoke Around the state this week. field personnel to protect the dollar in the world money Water Power Company dam in Massachusetts of the DEP report that stream fishing for market. has renewed the faith of many persons who trout is good to excellent in the Housatonic Mr. MOORE intends to offer an amend­ have been working for years in the hope of River, Whiting River, Blackberry River,. ment today which I fully support and once again restoring a run o! the fish in the Farmington River and its west branch, Sandy Connecticut River. Brook, Nepaug River. MIU River, Saugatuck hope that the House adopts. It would The salmon, believed to be a female, meas­ River, Norwalk River. Mlanus River, Poota­ deny the use of funds appropriated for ured some 40 inches in length and was in the tuck River, Mount Hope River. Fenton River, the use of these three international de­ 20-pound weight class. Natchaug River, Ya.ntic River, Five Mile velopment banks for the purpose of mak­ According to John Hickey, manager of the River, and Bigelow Brook. ing loans for the production of palm oil. power company, the fish was captured about Trout fishing is also reported good at Cole­ The United States, of course, cannot 9 :30 a.m. Friday using special apparatus in brook Reservoir, West Hill Pond, Highland dictate the conditions of loans made the fishway designed to trap fish using the Lake, East Twin Lake. Wononscopomuc Lake, fishway for study purposes. Bashan Lake, Lake Quonnipaug. Long Pond, by these independent institutions. But The salmon has been transferred to the Beach Pond, and Mashapaug Lake. this strong indication of purpose on the Berkshire National Fish Hatchery in Massa­ Bass fishing is reported. good in Colebrook part of the Congress will send a message chusetts where it will be studied closely by Reservoir, Bantam Lake, East Twin Lake, to the policymakers of these development fishery biologists to determine its exact Wononscopomuc Lake,. Lak.e Lillinonah banks and discourage their financing of length, age, and possible origin. Rogers Lake and Gardners Lake. ' expansion of palm oil production facili­ OFFICIALS ELATED Pantlsh are producing well in Ea.st Twin ties. I urge the Members to support the Cole Wilde, Chief of the Fish and Water Lake, Bantam Lake, Lake Housa.tonic, Pa­ Moore amendment. chaug Pond, Glasgo Pond, Killingly Pond, Life of the State Department of Environ­ Moosup Pond, Hopeville Pond and Williams mental Protection (DEP) as well as marine Pond. biologists and power company officials in­ Shad fishing is falling o.tr at the Enfield volved in the restoration project were elated dam. LIVE ATLANTIC SALMON CAPTURED over the catch. IN CONNECTICUT RIVER FISHWAY They are hoping more salmon will be taken at the fishway alive, preferably both males and females, to start a strain of fish who wlll DEMOCRACY'S DILEMMAS HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE continue to return to the Connecticut River. OF :MASSACHUSETTS Last year, a 10-pound male Atlantic Sal­ mon captured alive in the Holyoke :fishway IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. TOM HARKIN subsequently died after it apparently became OF IOWA Monday, June 28, 1976 caught in a net covering a holding pool at the Berkshire fish hatchery. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, if someone The death of the fish, which was captured Monday, June 28, 1916 had mentioned the prospect of capturing on June 23 of last year, wa.s a tremendous dis­ an Atlantic salmon in the Connecticut appointment to persons who are working on Mr. HARKIN. Mr. Speaker, Clark R. River as recently as 3 years ago, he would the restoration of salmon in the Connecticut :r~1ollenho:ff, chief of the Des Moines have been met with many suspect River. Register's Washington bureau has been glances, and be politely told that while OTHER FISH wat.ching Washington for many years. that was a pleasant thought, the possi­ The fact that salmon a.re attempting to He is widely known and respected bility was virtually nonexistent. return to the river after being released as throughout the Nation as one of Amer­ But much progress has been made in smolts during the past several years was first ica's best investigative reporters. June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21087 During pa.rt of the Nixon administra­ out of chaos, and with the promise or indica­ greater its strength in support of demo­ tion that dissent will be permitted when cratic principles. tion, Mr. Mollenhoff watched Washing­ the nation can afford it. Whenever the press is irresponsible, au­ ton from a different perspective. He ac":' Indira Ghandi's actions in India are a thoritarian, corrupt or unfair, it is doing a cepted a request from the President to dramatic example of the throttling of demo­ disservice to the long term interest of the become the Nation's first ombudsman. He cratic institutions to stifle an uncomfortable free press. The stronger its position, the was charged with searching for and ex­ dissent. more the press should lean over backwards posing inefficiencies and conflict.s of in­ Over the last 2,000 years we have had to be accurate, to be responsible, to be fair, terests, from within the Government. It countless examples of people seeking to or­ and to be restrained in the use of its power. soon became apparent, however, that the ganize a system to guarantee freedom for If we misuse that power to misrepresent, the individual. Most of the experiments to distort, or to color a picture, we will be Nixon administration really had no in­ failed, for a wide range of reasons which the losers in the long run in the same degree tention of allowing him to bring his full boiled down to the fact that they lost bal­ that we distort. talent.s to bear at that task, and Mr. Mol­ ance. Even though some unintentional distor­ lenhoff resigned the post, to return to the Bala.nee is vital to survival of any of our tions may creep into any story, balance must Des Moines Register. free · institutions-whether it is an · educa­ be our goal in dealing with the dilemma Mr. Mollenhoff recently delivered the tional institution, the free press, a labor or­ a free press seems to present to so much commencement address at Iowa State ganization, or the businesses of our free en­ of our society. University, in Ames, Iowa. From his terprise system. Balanced thinking and bal­ "The press was a great force in the ex­ anced actions are also vital to the survival of posure of \Vatergate. Much of the work was special vantage point as a seasoned the American Democracy. in the finest tradition of a free pres.s, which Washington observer, and as one who · Alexis de Tocqueville, in his classic work, fought the power of the White House, to ex­ was able to view the abuse of power from The American Democracy, examined the pose the coverup. But, it is a myth and a within the Nixon administration, Mr. strengths and weaknesses in our system. distortion to contend that the press alone, Mollenhoff talked about democracy's While generally admiring its strengths, he or any segment of the press, brought Richard dilemmas. He talked about corruption; recognized the inherent destructive qualities Nixon tumbling down. how it can grow; how it can be exposed; of some of our freedoms if they were n ot It may serve the purpose of a dramatic judiciously exercised. book or movie to stress the role of one re­ and most importantly, how it can be pre­ Those observations by a visiting French­ porter, one team of reporters, or one news­ vented. man in the 1830's were followed by the paper. but it seldom happens that way when I commend his remarks to the atten­ equally keen observations of James Bryce a major political reputations are at stake. It tion of each and every Member of this half century later in The American Common­ is usually a team effort. body, and their staffs, and include it in wealth. It is usually a team effort, contingent upon the RECORD: The dilemmas they saw in the United support from others in the press and upon States' efforts t o govern itself under the Con­ courageous efforts on the part of a number DEMOCRACY'S DILEMMAS stitution were the same problems our fore­ of government officials. (By Clark R. Mollenhoff) fathers saw in establishing this nation, in The Watergate myth does no harm if it is writing its Constitution, in writing the first understood in the perspective of the depend­ In the 200-yea.r history of the American ten amendments to the Constitution, and in ence upon the basic integrity of the FBI Democracy the dilemmas inherent in orga­ writing the laws and commenting on the bureaucracy and the Federal Election Office nizing a government to perpetuate freedom problems of that day. for the production and preservation of the have grown with the size and complexity of Thomas Jefferson, one of the wisest of . evidence that made the exposure possible. the nation. The more we learn about the the men who established this nation, and Likewise, all of the best work of the press chaotic complex of the present $400-billion­ one most dedicated to belief in the inherent and the government investigators would have a-yea.r federal government, the more we must wisdom of the average man, was both the meant nothing if it had not been for the be struck with the thought that it is re­ greatest defender and the greatest critic courage, ability, and integrity of Senator markable we have kept it together this long. of the free press. Sam Ervin, Representative Wright Patman, There is, and always has been, an inherent You are certainly familiar with Jeffer­ and United States District Judge John J. inconsistency in trying to organize freedom. son's often-quoted early views that if he Sirica. If we analyze it carefully, we must under­ had to decide between a government with­ Remember that it was the persistent search stand that any organizational rules a.re, in out newspapers and newspapers without a for the truth by Judge Sirica in the initial and of themselves, limitations on freedom. government, he would not hesitate a moment trial of the Watergate burglars that frus­ Conversely, freedom represents a threat to to prefer the latter. trated the first cover-up of the White House organized institutions' discipline. That was said before he became Presi­ role and made it possible for Senator Ervin • Thus, the survival of any of our free in­ dent; and after he assumed the highest office to demonstrate the need for a Senate in­ stitutions is achieved through a constant in the land he lambasted the critical press quiry. balancing a.ct with few clear rights and as filled with falsehoods and written by Judge Sirica's initially controversial pres­ wrongs, and certainly no pat formula for liars. He commented that even the truth is sure for the truth and the impending Senate survival. Survival of any free institution is contaminated when served up in the "pol- probe created the conditions for the defec­ contingent upon constant work and con­ 1uted vessel" of the press. tions of James McCord, John Dean, and Jeb stant study of all of the elements of its op­ Jefferson did not want a press without Magruder. eration to make the shifts needed to main­ a government in his earlier yea.rs; nor would It is true that the free press aggressively tain the vital balance. he have abolished the free press in his later reported these matters and, in this, fulfilled Survival of any free institution is depend­ yea.rs. Jefferson was a man who valued bal­ its responsibility to keep the public in­ ent upon understanding how to maintain a anced thinking, and in each case was ex­ formed; but there were powerful political satisfactory balance of freedom and disci­ aggerating for emphasis. forces at work in Congress that were more pline. Free communication of ideas by speech important than ~ny segment of the press in Man's experience in maintaining indivld- · and the printed word is an essential in­ persuading the House Judiciary Committee ual freedoms and institutional freedoms has gredient of an effective democracy. But, it to launch the impeachment proceedings. not been good. The Greek city states achieved must be recognized that an irresponsible To achieve the vital balance in your analy­ a remarkable freedom for citizens for a brief or venal press can be one of the most de- · sJ.s of government operations or your own period before losing the balance on the si<,ie structive forces in a democarcy. role, you must avoid the myths and deal with of chaotic individual freedom, and in time This question is often asked: "What it in the perspective of weaknesses and losing freedom. can government do to control the press and strengths. Otherwise, you are likely to engage The Romans indulged themselves with a make it more responsible?" in the same kind of deadly self deception few freedoms for few people, and then lost . The answer is that there is nothing the that Richard Nixon, H . R. Haldeman, and the balance to a tightly disciplined authori­ government can or should do to control John Ehrlichman engaged in, in November tarian society that ruled the world. The suc­ the press or make it responsible, for any 1972 when the first stage of the cover-up had cess of the Romans as world rulers was a re­ government control is a temptation to the worked. They believed they could engage in sult of a flexibility that Rome permitted in government to exert political or ideological even more arrogant wielding of the power of the operations of the various parts of the control of the press. the presidency for four more yea.rs. Roman empire. The importance of freedom of the press They believed there were no effective re­ Our own 200-year history of relative free­ is not because of the rightness or wrongness straints upon their power. They were the law because they interpreted the law to their dom is unique, for we have seen dozens of of any segment of the press at any time, liking. nations emerge with promises of freedom and but in the freedom for different ideas to "Executive privilege" was their ultimate equality, only to fall victim to authoritarian circulate within the press as a whole, or shield, as they viewed it, putting a curtain ot rule, 1n Africa, Asia, South America, and within any segment of the press. The secrecy around the whole White House com­ Europe. Dictatorship is always imposed on strength of the free press is in its diversity, plex and making them unaccountable to the the theory that it is necessary to bring order and the greater its diversity of view the Congress, unaccountable to the courts, an! the electorate­ luctant to raise any criticism, and certainly taking responsible Jobs in organizations that particularly with old-line, conservative unwilling to challenge a presidential judg­ deal with the great problems of our day Republicans with whom he should be the ment. They made themselves inaccessible to or the great political or social movements. strongest. This is true whether you view those few who would question the in1a.lli­ I have great confidence in the abillty of him from the right, the left, or straight down billty of their decisions and regarded such young people to do great things within a the middle. A maJor part of the convincing questioning as a. form of disloyalty. relatively short period after they eme-rge fa.sea.de ca.me tumbling down with the NiXon Although Watergate is behind us, the les­ from college, but it must be done with a pardon, and he has been adding to his own sons of Watergate should be remembered or considerable degree of caution and restraint. problems month by month. we wlll be destined to make the same mis­ The greater the power placed in your Where there ar& failures of the old guard, takes again. The next time we might not be hands, the more cautious and restrained you there are opportunities for young men and so fortunate as to find the free press so should be in its use. Eigl (Bud) Krogh, a women. And you are never too young to start courageous, or to find men of the tough, deep 34-year-old lawyer assistant to John Ehrlich­ seriously thinking and planning what you integrity of Senator Sam Ervin, Judge John man, said he didn't realize the power of his are going to do with your lives. J. Sirica, or Special Prosecutor Archie Cox telephone calls from the White House to The whole plan probably will not fall in the right place at the right time. government agencies until Watergate started into place for several years. Yn the interim, You can be in the right place at the right to come apart. He recognized his abuse of regardless of the general career area you time. and with the right background. power as he was going to prison. choose, you will have a betteT chance of a It is important to_ be an honest, thought­ As you take your places in business or in measure of satisfying success if you follow ful, conscientious worker who is not afraid government. think of Bud Krogh, Dwight a few simple rules: of tedious chores, who is consistently relia­ Chapin, Jeb Magruder, and John Dean and Work hard, and try to find pleasure in ble, and who bas the courage to follow the price they paid for abuse of power. your work. through in the face of major obstacles. But, also think of Thomas Je.tferson and A void being superficial or dishonest in Don't permit your perspective to be dis­ Alexander Hamilton who were young men seeking your goals. torted by the spectacular success of a few when they were key figures in the establish­ Strive constantly for the vitaI balance in people who may be blessed with qualities of ment of our system of government. assessing the seeming dll~mmas of our genius plus a good deal of luck and a few There are young men in politics today­ society. useful connections. You a.re taking poor odds men like California Governor Jerry Brown­ Use your common sense in judgments on 1! you sit back and trust to luck, native tal­ who have many of the marks o! leadel'Ship, what government can and cannot do for you ent, and a few connections. Conscientious and whose views and activities demonstrate or for our society. work does count most of the time. an understanding of the vital balance on Iowa State has a great tradition, and you Remember that when the work load be­ what government can do and what it cannot can be a pa.rt of the great record. The past comes heavy the competition thins out con­ do. includes such giants as: siderably, and you will be the beneficiary 1! Governor Brown has been in office too Booker T. Washington, the great Negro you are- one of the few who follows through. short a thne to form a de1in.1tive oonclusion agricultural scientist and educator; Don't be discouraged when the breaks seem as to his record a.nd his full potential. But. Henry A. Wallace, a great Secretary of to go against you, even on some major en­ he is a serious young man with a well­ Agriculture; deavor. We often learn more from the ex­ discipllned mind and a political philosophy John V. Atanasoff, the man who developed periences of striving than we do from ex­ that makes common sense to a nation the first computer-here, on this campus; hilarating, spectacular easy success. angered and frustrated by big political and Don't be misled by the momentary suc­ promises and poor performance. Hugh Sidey, author and clistinguished cess of those who cut corners on integrity This same frustration and anger is behind Washington Bureau Chief for Time. and seem to get by with dishonest or fraudu­ the phenomena of former Governor Reagan Many others, making equally worthwhile lent activities. Except in rare cases, they will in the Republican party and former Governor contributions, a.re at woTk in the labo-ratories pay a price for their dishonesty or super­ Jimmy Carter in the Democratic party. of industry and on the farms of Iowa. ftcia.lity, and you may pay a higher price 1! Without regard for the personalities or Your contribution, yoUJ' snccess will be as you unwisely follow their example. abilities of these political :figures, the public you will it to be. President NiXon and the Watergate gang reaction 1s a healthy one-a desire to go out­ As I conclude, I am :reminded of the com­ are the most recent dramatic examples of side the traditional establishment patterns ment attributed ro Baron Rothchild: "To seeming success by cunning practitioners of for presidential candidates. me there are no good times Ol' bad times. fraud and deception. You can find their They are all talking to political audiences Every thne is a time o1 opportunity... counterparts in the Senate and the House against the background of sharp memories Regardless of how you have used or mis­ and across the entire sweep of the business of the extravagant rhetoric of the Kennedy used your college years, you are opening a world. Lockheed's pattern of international and Johnson yea.Ts as well as the Nixon-Ford new door. As you stride through, keep tn bribery is being unwound despite its tremen­ era. mind that it's a new ball game--the first dous financial and political power. Despite They are speaking against the backdrop can be last and the last can b& first. Need the massive political and economic clout of of congressional investigations that have more be said. the Teamsters union, Dave Beek and Jimmy demonstrated that recent administrations Ho1fa were exposed and became symbols of have botched some important parts of the corrupt use of union power. job because they failed to achieve honesty Despite Lyndon Johnson's vaunted ability and emciency in the administration and NEEDED: A CAMPAIGN ON THE to manipulate the Congress and government enforcement of the laws. ISSUES agencies, the Bobby Baker case was exposed The voters and the nation's business and and prosecuted. Even after Watergate, John­ political leaders are looking !or performance son and Bobby Baker are symbols of dishon­ rather than rhetoric-and I mean true per­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL est wheeling and dealing in government. formance, rather than over-simpUfied, self­ OF ILLINOIS servtng claims of accomplishment that are What is the meaning of this for young IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES college people? misleading. By conscientious work and study, you ca.n We have seen that the Kennedy adminis­ Monday, June 28, 1976 find your wa.y through the seeming dilemmas tration's Camelot was a mirage. President 1n our society and avoid being one of the Johnson's self-serving claims for the success Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, in the thoughtless young people who permit them­ of his poverty program collapsed fil the face Jwie 17 issue of the Penny Press, a fine selves to be maneuvered into dishonest or of national scandals exposed by newspapers, local newspaper in my hometown of unethical acts that can mar or destroy a congressional investigations, and the Gen­ Peoria, Mary Ali-ce Erickson, Peoria career. eral Accounting omce. County Republican chair.man. wrote There were countless young people in the Richard Nixon's claim of smooth-func­ an essay which seems to me pe.rticula.rly Nixon White House who thought they had tioning, business-like efiiciency in the White relevant and important in this election the world by the ta.11 because they we-re House dissolved in the spotlight of Water­ named by Haldeman or Ehrlichma.n for im­ gate as the biggest fraud of all. In fact, he year. portant pollttcal chores. Their careers and and his top aides simply didn't know how to Noting thast a recent .Associated Press lives have been serlcmsly damaged or de­ ma.ke a government function properly, and Poll shows people ca.re mare about the stroyed because they unthfnktngly followed hid the flaw behind a curtain of secrecy and personal qualities of their candidates for June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21089 public office than they do about their for all other branches of government. For 40 systems, and for the purchase of equip­ position on the issues, she writes: yea.rs the U.S. Congress and Senate have been ment to rapidly contain and remove oil controlled by the Democrat Party-fortu­ spills. In the area of air pollution, com­ we a.re still buying from the fast talking, nately President Ford has had the courage to prehensive studies are underway to de­ smooth operating medicine man. Never m1nd. use the veto to bring us back toward eco­ that the stuff he sells won't do a thing to nomic stability. Four years a.go the State of termine the quality of the air in the vi­ help-may even make us sick. lliinois had a surplus and was booming. It cinity of the center. The Navy is provid­ has taken that short time to bring us to a ing this data to the State of Maryland She is absolutely right, and the AP deficit and to discourage business expansion. for their use. In addition, the Navy is poll results are disturbing. We simply These are the issues, and several more, that taking action to· reduce the emission of must give more attention to what is should be of concern to the voter. air pollutants through its "Boiler Tune­ be.ing said by thos~ who would lead us. Up" program and the development of an Let us have teeth in our platforms, not air pollution episode plan outlining spe­ just in our grins. cific actions to be taken to reduce emis­ {From the Peoria. (Ill.) Penny Press, June 17, PATUXENT NAVAL AIR TEST CEN­ sions during regional air basin air pollu­ 1976] TER WINS TOP ENVIRONMENTAL tion episodes. PERFORMANCE Is THE DIFFERENCE AWARDS As we all recognize, noise pollution is a (By Mary Alice Erickson) problem associated with aircraft oper­ A recent Associated Press poll, as reported HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN ations at any airport or air installation. in the Peoria. Journal Star, uncovered several This problem, however, can be mitigated disturbing but not surprising attitudes of OF MARYLAND by appropriate zoning, adjustment of air the American voters. The support of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES candidate most often has nothing to do with operations, and through the utilization what he intends to do as a.n officeholder. Monday, June 28, 1976 of noise suppression equipment. The test In a country which has depended upon Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am center has effectively achieved this. For free and open discussion of issues and on pleased to announce that the Depart­ example, in close cooperation with the adherence to principle and law, "The over­ surrounding communities, the Navy has whelming majority of those interviewed said ment of Defense has selected the Naval Afr Test Center, Patuxent River, Md., foi­ carefully measured and plotted the noise the personal qualities of the candidates, not This his stands on the issues, are :piore important the 1975 Department of Defense-DOD­ patterns. information was incorpo­ in declding whom to support." Environmental Quality Award. This rated in the St. Mary's County master Good grief! We a.re still buying from the award is given annually to the DOD ac­ plan and served as the basis for local fast talking, smooth operating medicine man. tivity that conducted the most outstand­ communities to adopt appropriate zon­ Never mind that the stuff he sells won't do a ing environmental protection and en­ ing ordinances. In addition, the Navy is thing to help-may even make us sick. But utilizing special, acoustically designed be is so personable, good looking, honest hancement program during the preced­ ing calendar year. facilities for jet engine testing, and plans sounding, etc., etc. to relocate high power engine test pads And then 1f a voter does decide to let the I am particularly pleased and proud issues make the difference, lo! and behold! that St. Mary's County, Md., is the home to remote sites that are away from ad­ the supporters of the same candidate can't of this 6,400-acre Navy installation lni­ ministration and housing areas. This is even be consistent in telling us for what the tially established in 1943, and its 17,500 just one example of how environmental candidate stands! personnel and dependents. The Air Test problems can be solved through cooper­ I was recently asked if I thought the aver­ Center is located at the confiuence of the ative efforts. age American voter is now more informed Other noteworthy environmental pro­ than in years back. By implication I assumed Patuxent River and the Chesapeake Bay and enjoys an unusually beautiful and tection efforts include recovery or re­ the questioner feels that the voter is in fa.ct cycling of salvageable scrap metals, air­ informed and sophisticated in his vote-I wide diversity of ecological resources in­ empha.tieally sald, "NO." How could he be? cluding beach and dune areas, brackish craft tires, and contaminated jet engine How many voters want to really listen to a and salt water estuaries, fresh water fuels. candidate? How many take the opportunity pends, marshlands and open fields; and If there is one outstanding factor in to go somewhere to listen to a political pine and deciduous forest areas. the center's excellent environmental pro­ speech ?--candidates do make themselves very The mission of the center is to test t~ction program, it is the close, coopera­ available. Who would listen to a candidate on and evaluate aircraft weapon systems, tive relationship with the neighboring television 1f there were other choices on other communities, and local State and Fed­ channels? provide test pilot training, and conduct Political campaign m.a.nagers know that related programs in research and explor­ eral environmental and natural resources the name recognition is THE important ele­ atory development. The objectives of the conservation personnel, which has re­ ment in ea.ndidate support. Facts and issues center's environmental quality program sulted in the exchange of valuable en­ have very little to do with an election. And 1s to promote harmony between the vironmental information. The center has this was borne out by the Associated Press naval mission and environmental protec­ conducted a number of environmental poll. seminars for the local communities and Too many candidates to know? Too many tion. Thus, the center is concerned with any undesirable impacts that may result serves as a nonvoting member on various issues with which to be bothered? Nonsense! county commissions concerned with land First of all, there 1s a dl1ference between from its activities. To this end, they have political parties. This is the first and fore­ strived to protect and enhance environ­ use, water supply and treatment and rec­ most fact to bear in mind and the one that mental quality through the abatement of reational planning. can wash away the confusion and the com­ pollution and the conservation of natural I am proud to add my personal con­ pllca.tlon of trying to know every candidate resources. gratulations to our good Navy neighbors and his stand on every issue. Astute students The first step in meeting the objec­ in St. Mary,.s County, Md. We appreciate of our form of government know that our tives of the center's environmental qual­ their good work to protect our natural strong two-party system has been the foun­ environment while at the same time ful­ dation of the strength and continuity of our ity program was the development in 1972 government. Loyalty to party and to prin­ of an Environmental-Ecological study to fllling their vital mission of national de­ ciple are essential to keep the power of gov­ assess in detail the environmental assets fense. ernment spread among the citizenry. and liabilities of the center. This study Neither major party has a monopoly on has been the origin of many environ­ virtue or immorality, on good looking candi­ mental and ecological improvements at COMMUNIST CAMPAIGN AGAINST dates or smooth talking ones, or on rascals SPAIN INTENSIFIES or sa.ints. But voting records and platforms the center and throughout the Navy, and do show that there is a dl1ference between has resulted in an environmental ethic parties. Performance in governing shows that being reflected in the installation's mas­ HON. LARRY McDONALD there is a difference. And THAT should be of ter plan. This study will be continuously OF GEORGIA interest to the voter. Once understood, the updated and improved through an agree­ voter can make the choice of party and know ment with nearby St. Mary's College of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that on the basis of general principle he has Maryland. Monday, June 28, 1976 ma.de a choice consistent with llls own view of how government should be run. The center's environmental program Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, as re­ 'rhe voter must also understand that it is includes $2.5 million in funded projects strictions on political activities diminish the State and Federal Legislative bodies that for the improvement of the installation's in Spain, the Communists see an oppor­ make the laws and determine the guidelines wastewater collection and treatment tunity to finally conquer Spain. The 21090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 Reds have never gotten over the military as a member of the secret police checking for the following rollcall votes. Had I defeat inflicted upon them by General on political and military dissidence and any been present, I would have voted on breach of Party discipline for which he haPENNSYLVANIA Wallach indicated that he would not be I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The lobbying was done in coordination back. Shortly thereafter, machine gun with hearings on the subject by the Sen­ fire was heard and Wallach has never Monday, June 28, 1976 ate Foreign Relations Committee. been seen since. His chief accuser and Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. The leader of the VLAB lobbyists was interrogator had been Tony DeMaio. Mr. Speaker, one of the fastest growing Steve Nelson who neglected to advise the While the lobbying was taking place, areas of governmental activity and a Congressmen he visited of his long serv­ hearings were being held on the Spanish concern of every Member of the Con­ ice to the Communist cause. Nelson has Base Treaty. Among the witnesses were gress is the increased use of the loan served in many high ranking Communist a number of old-left and new-left activ­ and loan guarantee device. The Com­ Party, U.S.A. positions including mem­ ists. Most prominent of the "old Left­ mittee on Banking, Currency and bership on the National Committee. ists'' was Abe Feinglass, International Housing, through its Subcommittee on In January, 1959, the House Commit­ Vice President of the Amalgamated Meat Economic Stabilization, will hold hear­ tee on Un-American Activities released Cutters Union. Feinglass had been iden­ ings on this matter later this summer. its report on "Patterns of Communist tified as a Communist Party member in They are warranted since credit assist­ Espionage." The report included a section testimony before the House Committee ance provided by the Federal Govern­ on Vassili M. Zubilin who headed Soviet on Un-American Activities. The new-left ment involving use of the loan guaran­ espionage in the United States from 1942 was represented by Eric W. Schmidt of tee alone is averaging $50 billion an­ to 1944. The report stated, the U.S. Committee for a Democratic nually, and by the end of this fiscal While serving with the embassy in Wash­ Spain. In 1968, the House Committee on year, guaranteed and insured loans out­ ington, Zubilin played a key role in the theft Un-American Activities identified standing are expected to total $218.3 of atomic secrets from the radiation labora­ Schmidt as one of the participants at a b1llion. tory at the University of California in Berke­ meeting on January 26, 1968, to plan the ley. The Soviet espionage project e.t this lab­ Mr. Speaker, many legislative pro­ oratory was under the direction of Steve legal defense of the people who were ex­ posals now before the Congress would Nelson, presently a. Communist Party offi­ pected to riot at the Democratic National add substantial new commitments to cial in Western Pennsylvania., who was then Convention that was held that summer. this total. For example, synfuels, energy the party organizer of Alameda County, Schmidt was quoted as saying that they conservation, and nuclear assurance California, where the laboratory is located. have to have two hats, one nice and the legislation proposals call for guarantees It is known from U.S. intelligence reports other violent. Among others at the 1968 totaling $16 billion. That is an amount that on one occasion Nelson visited Zubilin, meeting was Bernadine Dohrn, now lead­ who was then in Oakland, and complained almost equal to the new growth of loan about the inefficiency of two persons in the er of the Weather Underground ter­ guarantees outstanding in fiscal year espionage cell a.t the laboratory. As a result rorists. 1976. In addition, the Energy Independ­ of Nelson's complaint to Zubilin, the two Other enemies of Spain that testified ence Authority, if established, would were transferred to other party activity. at the Senate hearings included Paul provide loan and loan guarantees total­ In March 1943, several days after a scien­ O'Dwyer, who publicly supports terror­ ing $100 billion over a 10-year period. tist from the laboratory visited Nelson a.t his ism by the Irish Republican Army, and A multinational :financing facility has home and gave him information about ex­ Dr. Richard Korn who threatened the been proposed, to assist industrialized periments being conducted at the labora­ Senators with "the most violent domes­ tory (which was then working on the atomic nations in meeting financial commit­ bomb project), Nelson met Peter Ivanov, the tic explosion this country has known ments resulting from high oil prices. Soviet vice consul in San Francisco, and since the Civil War" if they ratified the Our contingent commitment is expected transferred a. small package or envelope to treaty with Spain. to be at least $7 billion in guarantees. him. A few days later, Zubilin appeared a.t Spain is going through its most t1·ying Mr. Speaker, it seems likely that Fed­ Nelson's home and turned over to him ten times since its civil war. America must eral guaranteed and insured loans out­ bills of unknown denominations. This was stand with Spain and do what it can to standing will exceed $400 billion by obviously a payoff for the information he prevent the Communist from completing had obtained. 1984. On the face of it, it is clear there by subversion what they failed to accom­ is a need to reexamine loan guarantees Among other Communist Party activ­ plish by military action 40 years ago. as means for the Federal Government ists in the VLAB lobbying delegation to redirect resources. In particular, were Abe Osheroff, a former Communist there is a need to determine the impact Party section organizer in Brooklyn, N.Y., and the distribution of benefits result­ and Anthony DeMaio. DeMaio who now PERSONAL EXPLANATION ing from such assistance where project resides near Frederick, Md., had a long size and guarantee risks are high. and interesting history in Spain. Accord­ HON. MARTHA KEYS The hearings will focus on: First, the ing to the recommended decision of the OF KANSAS way loan guarantees effect private in­ Subversive Activities Control Board in vestment decisions; second, the effec­ the case of Attorney General against IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tiveness of loan guarantees to redirect Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Bri­ Monday, June 28, 1976 resources in the fashion sought by the gade, issued May 18, 1955, Mrs. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, Congress; and third, alternative ways Tony De:Meio, a CPUSA member, operat ed June 25, 1976, I was unavoidably absent of achieving the same goals that might lune 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21091 reduce rlsk--or increase the retmn-to mittee on International Relations and on ments to them and to their dedicated di­ the Federal Government. the House floor. From a technical stand­ rector. On behalf of the 26th Congres­ Mr. Speaker, the results of these point, the transmission facillties at Pa.ls sional District and the State of Califor­ studies and hearings can be very help­ currently play a vital role in Radio nia, I thank the Brighter Side Singers ful to the Congress. They will assist the Liberty's broadcasts to the Soviet Union of Temple City High School for their Members in handling loan guarantees and relocation costs are estimated at fitting contribution to America's Bicen­ as they become part of the budget proc­ upward of $20 million. tennial celebration. ess. They will be helpful in determining Let me just add that the outcome of the true nature of the Government's this issue affects not only our bilateral future spending commitment. They can relations with the Government of Spain, SUPREME COURT DECISION AS IT be especially helpful in developing use­ but our global posture vis-a-vis the Soviet AFFECTS UNEMPLOYMENT COM· ful information for evaluating various Union and the countries of Eastern PENSATION COVERAGE capital subsidies, both in future as well Europe. As such, it is a matter of funda­ as in current legislation. Adequate mental importance to the United States HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER guidelines regarding oversight of the and should be viewed accordingly. OF WISCONSIN implementation of such subsidies are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not always available. It 1s our expecta­ tion the committee's efforts can be in­ TRIBUTE TO THE BRIGHTER SIDE Monday, June 28, 1976 strumental in their provision. SINGERS OF TEMPLE CITY HIGH SCHOOL Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, given the importance of the re­ cent SUpreme Court decision in the Na­ U.S. RADIO FACll.ilTIES IN SPAIN HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT tional League of Cities against Usery and OF CALIFORNIA its potential impact on the provisions of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES House Resolution 10210 I want to share HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI my Monday, June 28, 1976 with colleagues the following memo: OF WISCONSIN The decision of the Supreme Court in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, today National League of Cities v. Usery in no way I would like to pay special tribute to an affects the constitutional validity of the pro­ Monday, June 28, 1976 outstanding group of young musicians posed extension of the Federal unemploy­ Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, last week from my distlict, Temple City, Calif. This ment compensation law to cover additional by employees of the States and their subdivi­ attention was called Members of both choral group, the Brighter Side Singers sions. Houses to the still unresolved question of of Temple City High School, has been The constitutional basis for this legislation Radio Liberty•-s lease arrangement in invited to perform in the Nation's Capi­ is wholly different from that which was at Pals, Spain. As Members have pointed tal on June 29, 1976, in conjunction with issue in the NLC case. There, the Court held out, the original lease for RL's trans­ the District of Colwnbia's Bicentennial that the power of Congress to regulate inter­ mission facllities expired last April and "Salute to California." state commerce did not encompass a law by has not been renewed as of this date, Under the leadership of Mr. Roger which the States were compelled. to adhere despite Senate ratification of the Treaty Lockie, chairman of the Temple City to !ederally-establlshed minimum wage and of Friendship and Cooperation with maximum hour standards !or their own em­ High School Department of the Perform­ ployees. Here, the legislation is based on the Spain. ing Arts, the Brighter Side Singers have taxing and spending powers of Congress, and I think it is fair to say that until now, toured in the United States and Europe would simply add another to the reasonable this matter has not received the atten­ for the past 21 years. In 1971, the choh·, conditions to be met by any State that tion it deserves from our own State De­ compased of 20 high school students, chooses to participa.te in the basic, perma­ partment negotiators. who have been ma.de a. 23-day concert tour of England nent unemployment compensation program largely preoccupied with military base and Holland. In 197•, Mr. Lockie re­ so as to entitle private employers in the State negotiations. Now is the time to restate turned with a group to perform a 19-day to the 2.7 percent tax credit a.nd entitle the and reemphasize the concern of this body state to the Federal grant for administering tour which included East and West Ger­ its unemployment inSUrance program. over the successful resolution of the lease many, Holland, France, and England. In Stewaf'd. Machine Co. v. Davis, 301 U.S. renewal issue. For the past 5 years, the Brighter Side Ii48 ( 1937), the SUpreme Court upheld the Mr. Speaker, the fiscal year 1977 Singers have served as the Southern Cali­ original law establishing the Federal-State authorization for the Board for Interna­ fornia March of Dimes Choir. More re­ Unemployment Compensation Program. That tional Broadcasting, which is included cently, the choir was featured at the law enacted a payroll tax of 3.0 percent on in the bill S. 3168, provides for a com­ Southern California Cerebral Palsy Tele­ private sector employers, and allowed a credit prehensive study of projected needs for thon. The group has also provided pre­ o1 90 percent of the tax, or 2.7 percent, for opera­ contributions p&id into a state unemploy­ U.S. international broadcasting game and halftime entertainment at ment fund under a State unempl<>yment tions based on anticipated language re­ professional sporting events for the Los compensation law found to meet the condi­ quirements and anticipated cooperation Angeles Dodgers, the Rams, the Lakers, tions for approval that the Federal law among various agencies of the U.S. Gov­ and the Kings. established. ernment, U.S. Government-funded or­ Their June 29 performance in Wash­ Addit ionally, a State which had an ap­ ganizations, and foreign governments in­ ington, D.C., is part of the 1976 Brighter proved compensation law could apply under volved in intemational broadcasting. The Side Singers' Bicentennial tour which t he Act for a grant of funds to be used by conference repo1·t on S. 3168, which is also the State in the administration of its law, includes visits to New York, Boston, and those grants would Issue upon a finding scheduled for :floor consideration on Philadelphia, and many other sites of that the state law contained the required Wednesday of this week, requires the American Bicentennial interest. Their provisions. In Steward Machine, the Court President to submit a report to Congress visit to the Nation's capital will be high­ held that this law was within the power of on this subject by January 31, 1977. lighted by performances on the Capitol Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, Clearly, the status of the RL transmitter steps, at the California Avenue program, of the Constitution "[t]o lay and collect site and facilities at Pals will be a major the Lincoln Memorial, the President's Taxes ..., to pay the Debts and provide for factor to be considered in any subsequent Park, and a final concert at the Cheverly the common Defense and general Welfare of recommendations which are submitted in United Methodist Church in Maryland. the United States.... " 1 Under that power, this regard and consequently an early The Brighter Side Singers have funded 1 The author of the majority opinion in the decision on the matteT is urgently their tour through donations received at NLC case made clear 'the inapplicability of needed. various concert performances and that decision to laws enacted pursuant to Mr. Speak.er, the record of this House through gifts from parents and friends. this delegated power. "We express no view as in support of Radio Free Europe and A versatile group. the Brighter Side to whether different resul~ might obtain if Liberty is Congress seeks to aifeet integral operations Radio both consistent and Singers' repertoire features a variety of of state govermnents by exercis.ing authority clear: The annual authorization bills for music from classical, contemporary, granted it under other sections o! the Con­ the Board for International Broadcast­ sacred, spiritual, and popular literature. stit ut ion such as the Spending Power, Art. I, ing, which funds these two radios, have Mr. Speaker, I am proud of this ac­ § 8, cl. 1, or § 5 of the Fourteent h Amend­ been approved in recent years by sub­ complished and energetic group of high ment." NLC v. Usery, -U.S. - , - , slip op. stantial majorities-both in our Com- school students and extend my compli- a t 18 n. 17. 21092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS -June 28, 1976 Congress was entitled to prescribe condit ions The editorial poinf;s out that the House But there is a. certain danger that Congress for a tax credit that it found were related in took the lead in providing $309 million will get oa.rried a.way with the rosy glow of subject matter to activities "fairly within for solar energy research and develop­ a world bathed in nothing but sunshine. the scope of national policy and power" and This Some congressmen already seem to think which would "assure a fair and just re­ ment for fiscal 1977. appropriation that they are buylng an easy substitute for quital for benefits received" (301 U.S. at 590, was included in the public works, water a national energy policy. It's not quite that 598). The conditions established by the law resources, and ene1·gy research and easy. Th e promise of solar power does not re­ "[were] not directed to the attainment of an development appropriations bill in the move the prospect for higher energy prices unlawful end, but to an end, the relief of overall appropriation for the Energy Re­ ahead, or the need for much more serious unemployment, for which nation and state sea.rch and Development Administration. conservation. On the contrary, the longer may lawfully cooperate." (Id. at 593.) And The editorial point;s out, also, that a Congress holds the pTices ot oll and gas ar­ "inducement or persuasion does not go be­ tificially low, the less need most Americans yond the bounds of power" (id. at 591). national program of energy conservation is highly important. will see for installing solar heaters in their To the argument that the Federal unem­ houses. As for conservation, it is still thJs ployment provisions infringed upon States' Because of the interest of my col­ country's most accessible and safest energy rights in violation of the Constitution, the leagues and the American people, I place resource. Even the most optimistic prospects Court replied that "[n]o officer or agency of the editorial entitled "Letting the Sun­ for solar energy over the next decade rep­ the national government can force a com­ shine In" in the RECORD herewith. resent only a fraction of the energy to be pensation law upon (a State] or keep it in saved by a cautious and moderate attempt existence." (Id. at 595.) Mr. Justice Car­ The editorial follows: at conservation. dozo, writing for the Court, pointed out that LETTING THE SUNSHINE IN the States have power to make contracts and The most appealing new source of energy to consent to an offer by the Federal Gov­ is the oldest source of all: sunshine. Con­ ernment of a Federal tax credit and grant. gress is now in the process of forcing the THE MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH By enacting a state unemployment compen­ administration to speed up dramatically the ACT OF 1976 sation law meeting Federal statutory stand­ development of solar heat and power. Of all ards, he wrote, a State "is seeking and ob­ the collisions between Congress and the taining a credit of many millions (against White House over energy policy, this one ts HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN the Federal unemployment tax] in favor of among the most useful. For here Congress OF FLORIDA her citizens out of the Treasury of the na­ is on exactly the right track. tion. Nowhere in ou r scheme of governm ent­ The President's budget asked a rather IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the limitations express or impli ed of our modest $160 million for the federal Energy Monday, June 28, 1976 Federal Constituti on-do w e find that she is Research and Development Administration's prohibited from assenting t o conditions that solar work over the coming fiscal year. The Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, the House wm assure a fair and just requital for bene­ House Science Committee recommended is scheduled to consider H.R. 13555, the fits receiv ed." (301 U.S. at 598, emphasis authorizing $227 million. Inst ead of paring it Mine Safety and Health Act of 1976, to­ added.) down, the House voted-in a resolution with morrow. The bill is important for two It must be emphasized t hat neither Federal 80 sponsors-to increase it by another $116 unemployment compensation law, the pres­ major reasons. First, the bill would up­ million. Congress sometimes votes huge au­ grade standards for the protection of ent law, nor the proposed amendment im­ thorizations merely as an expression of good pose any tax upon the States or their sub­ will and best wiShes, with no intention of metal and nonmetallic miners. Recent divtsions. And it is relevant to remind our­ actually providing the money. But in this mine disasters have served t.o reinforce selves that, as inadequacy of the basic pro­ case the House last week voted to appro­ the impression that employment in the gram has required repeated action by Con­ priate $309 mlllion. The Senate seems to be mines continues to be a hazardous occu­ gress temporarily extending benefits for those moving in the same direction. And all of this pation. Second, all safety and health en­ in the regular program, so also Congress has is happening despite the tight control Con­ forcement activities would be transfen·ed been impelled by the circumstance of grow­ gress has put on spending this year. ing unemployment among those not so cov­ from the Department of Interior t.o the What can the country expect to get for This is ered-chief among them, employees of States this surge of new money for solar develop­ Labor Department. an appropri­ and their subdivisions-to enact a Special ment? Solar technologies fall into two broad ate step in view of the Labor Depart­ Unemployment Assistance Program which categories-those that heat and cool build­ ment's longstanding statutory responsi­ has been wholly federally funded. The SUA ings and those that generate electricity. They bility t.o safeguard workers. Mr. Speaker, program, which was contained in the Emer­ are proceeding at quite different rates. I intend t.o support the bill but under­ gency Jobs and Unemployment Assistance Heating and cooling by sun power is al­ stand that several misconceptions have Act of 1974, P.L. 93-567, and was extended ready here. There are probably more than a by P .L. 94-45, is due to expire at the end of been generated about the actual scope thousand buildings of various sorts and of the legislation. In order t.o provide 1976. It ts within the "fair margin of dis­ sizes, throughout the country, that are using cretion" permitted Congress (801 U.S. at it to one degree or another. The avallabillty Members with a factual description of 594) now to determine as a matter of fiscal of equipment is increasing rapidly; a recent the bill prior to its consideration, I would and social policy that the burden of meet­ federal survey counted 130 companies that like to insert a copy of the resPonses t.o ing the needs of State and local government are manufacturing it. The immediate llmlta­ several frequently asked questions: employees who become unemployed must no tlon is not inadequate technology but rather THE MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH Acr OF 1976 longer be borne solely by the Federal Gov­ inadequate industrial infrastructure. The Misconception No. 1: Sand and gravel and ernment but, henceforth, should be shared. manufacturers need the capabillty not only by those States that choose to partlclpate In crushed stone operations and their workers to make the equipment on a large scale but will be treated differently. the Federal program, and thus receive its to distribute, install and service tt as welL benefits. Answer: Some confusion over coverage of Some of the new money for ERDA will go sand and gravel and crushed stone operations into attempts to pull the new solar industry exists because the House Subcommittee on rapidly through that phase of growth. Manpower, Compensation, and Health and Solar generation of electric power is fur­ Safety, during eight days of hearings, con­ POST EDITORIAL COMMENDS CON­ ther off than home heating and cooling. By sidered certain proposed bills which excluded GRESS FOR INCREASING APPRO­ most estimates, commercial power genera­ sand and gravel operations from coverage by PRIATIONS FOR SOLAR ENERGY tion by the sun will become a posslb111ty a new metal and nonmetallic mine safety RESEARCH some time In the 1990s. Here a great deal and health measure thereby placing these of engineering research still needs to be done. operations under the jurisdiction of OSHA. But, once again. there ts good reason to H.R. 13555, as reported by the Education HON. JOE L. EVINS shorten the time that normal commercial and Labor Committee, however, includes development would require. Solar heating sand and gravel and crushed stone opera­ OF TENNESSEE tions in the definition of mines covered by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and coollng systems help the country meet the new Federal Metal and Norunetalllc Mine an immediate danger-steadily rising im­ Safety and Health Act. This ls consistent Monday, June 28, 1976 ports of oil from countries that continually with coverage under the existing law, the Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, threaten to use the on weapon again. Solar Federal Metal and Norunetalli<' Mine Safety the Washington Post in an editorial on electricity, in a longer future, can reduce the Act of 1966, Publlc Law 89-5'17. last Saturday commended the Congress need for massive and rapid expansion of nu­ Therefore, H.R. 13555 ellminates any Jur­ for increasing appropriations for solar clear generation. The congressional votes on isdictional confusion by placing sand and the solar energy appropriation are one of gravel and crushed stone operations and energy research for the Nation. In this the more constructive manifestations of this their respective workers under the jurisdic­ action, the Post concludes that the country's concern about the next generat ion tion of the Assistant secretary for Mine "Congress is on exactly the right track." of plutonillDl breeder reactors. Safety and Health as established by the new June 28, 1976 -EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21093 Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety incompa.ta.bllity between the Department of However, _criminals still have guns, just like and ·Health Act. It is the same coverage to the Interior's responsibilities to spur pro­ bad drivers still drive when their licenses which they are now responsible under the duction of our natural resources and to also have been revoked, and both these types of current Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety regulate production so as to assure the safety people kill or cause serious injury to inno­ Act. No change takes place. of miners. cent people. Even people that have no crim­ Misconception No. 2: H.R. 13555 promul­ Finally, the new bill will fill a serious need inal record sometimes kill or seriously in­ gates standards. for an effective health research program de­ jure people, including members of their own Answer: H.R. 13555 esta.blishes procedures signed to reduce occupational diseases in the family, with guns, but this is also true with for standard setting under a new Federal nation's metal and nonmetallic mines. automobiles. Meta.I and Nonmetallic Mine Safety and Through such improvement in the metal Homicides Health Act. Congress will not legislate stand­ and nonmetallic safety and health statute, 1973 19,530 ards applicable to either metal and non­ young Americans wtll be encouraged to en­ 1974 20,600 metallic mines or milling operations. Fur­ ter this field that is critical to the future Traffic fatalities ther, the Act does not amend or in any way well-being and industrial expansion of this alter existing standards under the Federal nation. 1973 ------56,056 Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969. 1974 ------46,686 This is especially true of the "advisory In 1974, of the 20,600 homicides, 68% standards" of the Metal Act of 1966 which were with firearms, or 14,008. must be submitted to a special advisorr GUN CONTROL Of course, the significant difference is that committee before they can be repromulgated automobiles are a necessity and firearms are as mandatory standards under this Act. HON. WILLIAM D. FORD not. However, which is the deadliest, the 46,- Misconception No. 3: Any representative of 686 people killed in automobile accidents in miners who ts an employee of an operator OF MICHIGAN 1974 or the 14,008 killed in 1974 with fire­ has the right to compensation during the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arms? Of course, there were "only" 32,678 period of time he or she accompanies an Monday, June 28, 1976 more deaths with automobiles than with inspector during an inspection. Compensa­ firearms in 1974. tion dw·ing a "walk-around" violates the Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, With "only" 46,686 people killed in 1974 principles of collective bargaining. I recently received a lett.er from a police with automobiles, this is a marked decrease Answer: The question of the right for a lieutenant in my district who offers a from 1973's 56,056 and seems to be a direct miner to accompany an inspector in order result of the lowered speed limits which to disclose his or her concern with an alleged sensible "middle road" approach to the one would have to say has been good for dangerous work area or otherwise assist an never ending controversy over gun con­ the country. I feel that if we assessed penal­ inspector during an inspection is well estab­ trol. ties against persons committing crimes with llshed under the Federal Coal Mine Health Lt. Joseph Beesley, of the Taylor Police firearms such as mandatory jail terms for and Safety Act and OSHA and is not at Department, argues that the real, basic those persons convicted of using a firearm in issue. issue is not really control, or noncontrol, the commission of a crime, we would also H.R. 13555, however, builds on experience of guns, but of proper training for those cause a marked decrease in deaths by use of gained under previous safety and health firearms. laws, on debate during their passage, and on who own and use guns. He points out that automobiles kill far You still hear the argument that guns are extensive oversight hearings and committee not necessary and people do not need them, investigations. The participation and en­ more people each year than :firearms, and therefore, you should ban the ownership of couragement of participation of miners in that individuals are required to pass tests them. This may be true but I think there are inspections is a vital part of insuring effec­ and obtain licenses before they can le­ a lot of people who hunt and target shoot tive implementation of health and safety gally drive autos. as well as collectors because they enjoy them. laws. H.R. 13555 gives miners under the new Mr. Speaker, I insert the t.ext of Lieu­ I am one of these people. Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety and Health Act the right to pay during their tenant Beesley's letter in the RECORD at My question to many of the anti-gun peo­ participation in inspections. Assurance of this point, and invite the comments of ple is about alcohol. I am sure that many of compensation du1ing the "walk-around" will my colleagues or other int.erested read­ them are drinkers or at least drink alcoholic encourage miners to assist inspectors carry ers: beverages. My next question would be, is it out their responsibilities and thereby fur­ JUNE 2, 1976. necessary and if so, why? I do not drink ther the objectives of the Act. Congressman WILLIAM FORD, alcoholic beverages and seem to get along The health and safety of miners is not an Federal Building, fine. Think about this when considering anti­ issue that should be decided at the bargain­ Wayne, Mien. gun legislation, that over half of all traffic ing table; workers should not be forced to DEAR CONGRESSMAN FORD: I am writing you deaths (in 1974 46,686 total, half 23,343) were make their lives and health subject to the regarding the gun legislation that keeps com- killed because of abusive use of alcohol, by vicissitudes of contract negotiations. Fur­ . ing before Congress and other legislative bod­ driver and pedestrians . ther, absent this right to compensation dur­ ies in government. I feel there is a need for Since highway fatalities average 150 a day, ing "walk-a.rounds," miners in non-union some legislation on "firearms", but I do not this means that some 75 people prove ea.ch mines may be subject to loss of pay during feel it should be in the form of ownership. I day that drinking may not be necessary. But "walk-arounds," whereas unionized miners !eel that since guns are built for the basic I ask you, what a.re we doing about this? may have greater opportunity in the collec­ purpose of killing, we need to take time to It is "only" 75 people a day! But some people, tive bargaining process to assure their re­ train people who want to own a gun on how including some of our law makers would ceipt of pay during "walk-a.rounds." to handle them safely and impress upon them like us to believe that some drugs should be Misconception No. 4: The existing Federal how dangerous a gun can be, to them as well legalized! Of course, I am sure that driving Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act of as others. Not only should they be trained but while under the influence of drugs would 1966, Public Law 89-577, provides more ef­ they should have to obtain a certificate stat­ also cause the death toll to go up! So I would fective means and measures for improving ing they have successfully completed such a ask you, where are our priorities? Is it to save the working conditions and practices of the course before they are eligible to buy fire­ lives by banning guns, or should we attack nation's meta.I and nonmetal mines than arms. This should be a requirement, as well the total problem? H .R. 13555 would: provide. as having reached the age of majority.· Traffic deaths in, 1974, 23,343. Answer: The current law covering the To my knowledge there is no place in this Gun deaths in 1974, 14,008. nation's metal and nonmetallic miners was country where this type of requirement ex­ Drug deaths in 1974, no statistics at this passed in 1966. Experience in the pa.st 10 ists. However, there are some steps in this time. years has revealed that this Act is clearly direction being taken by the Department of inadequate to sufficiently protect 262,000 Natural Resources requiring new hunters (Unknown how many involved al.coho!.) metal and nonmetal miners and workers in under the age of sixteen (16) to take hunter If we did this, then we could help the total milllng operations. The Act is deficient in safety courses. population and make this country a better the area of standard-setting, enforcement, We seem to set some priorities in some and safer place to live! and it contains no provisions for health re­ areas but let others slide. For instance, auto­ Sincerely, search. mobiles which are not meant to kill, still do LIEUTENANT JOSEPH BEESLEY, "\ The death and injury records by them­ "kill." We tell people before they can drive Personnel and Training, \ selves indicate that there is a serious defi­ they must take driver's education, pass a test Taylor Police Department. ciency in the effective enforcement of cur­ before they can get licensed to drive an auto­ In conclusion, it would seem to me that rent law by the Department of the Interior. mobile. But a gun that is built to klll we if we really wanted to save lives, we would But upgrading the metal and nonmetallic merely insist they reach the age of majority first do away with alcohol and save, 23,343: law in itself will not be sufficient to protect and then you can buy and own one if you guns and save, 14,008; and drugs and save, the American worker. There is an inherent don't have a serious criminal record. unknown. 21094 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976

COMPARATIVE UNEMPLOYMENT compared on an adjusted basis with that A BLS survey found that as of April the RATES OF INDUSTRIALIZED NA­ of the United States. An attached table 7.5 percent jobless rate for Americans ex­ TIONS displays unemployment rates since 1970. ceeded the rates in Japan, Britain, France, It shoud be immediately recognized Canada, Germany, Italy and Sweden. that the unemployment rate in the Only Canada's 7.4 percent April jobless HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS United States is consistently higher than rate ca.me close to matching that of the OF CALIFORNIA United States. The rate was 4.8 percent in that of any listed European nation or France and 3.8 percent 1n Germany. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Japan. I hope that table will eliminate United Kingdom the same month had a job­ Monday, June 28, 1976 several misconceptions concerning com­ less rate of 5.8 percent. parative unemployment rates that pres­ Latest available figures for J pan put that Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I call to ently exist. Introducing the table is a country's unemployment i:ate at 2.1 percent the attention of the Members a reveal­ summary article which appeared in the in February. In the same month, Swed~n had ing new set of statistics released by the June 12, edition of the AFI.r-CIO News: a jobless rate of L6 percent while Italy's Jan­ uary rate was 3.6 percent. Department of Labor just this month. U .S. UNEMPLOYMENT LEADS MAJOR NATIONS For the first time the unemployment While methodology used in collecting data America's unemployment rate ls higher varies from country to country, BLS noted rates of seven industrialized foreign na­ than that of any other major industrialized tlons-canada, Japan, France, Germany, that the figures were adjusted when pos­ country in the world, the Bureau of Labor sible to refiect the concepts of the U.S. sta­ Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom-are Statlst ics reported. tistics.

TABLE 1.-UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN 8 COUNTRIES, ADJUSTED TO U.S. CONCEPTS, SEASONALLY ADJUSTED, 1970-76

United United Ger- King- United United Ger- King- Period States Canada' Japan France many Italy 2 Sweden dom a Period States 1 C.nada Japan France many Italy• Sweden dom 1 1970 ______4.9 Ill______1971______5.7 1.2 2. 7 0.5 3.5 1. 5 5. 0 8.6 7.1 l. 9 4.5 4.4 5. 9 6.2 1. 3 3.0 o. 7 3. 5 2.6 3.6 IV ______3. 7 1.6 5. 7 1972 ______8.5 7.1 2.2 4. 7 4.3 3.9 1. 7 6.0 1973 ______5.6 6.3 1. 4 3.0 0.9 4.0 2. 7 4.2 1976; 4.9 5.6 1. 3 2.9 1.0 3.8 2.5 2.9 1st quarter __ 7.6 1974 ______January _____ 6. 8 ------4.8 4.0 3. 6 1.6 6. 2 1975 ______5.6 5.4 1. 4 3.1 2.1 3.1 2. 0 2. 9 7.8 6.6 2.1 4. 7 4.0 8.~ 6. 9 1.9 '4.3 1.6 February ____ 3.6 1. 8 6. 5 '3. 9 '3.6 '4.9 7.6 7.0 2.1 4. 7 1. 5 Quarter: March ______7. 5 4. 0 ------6.1 April ______6. 9 ------4.8 3. 9 ------L6 6.1 '------8.1 6. 7 1. 7 3.9 3.2 3.2 1. 6 3. 7 7. 5 4. 8 11______8. 7 7.0 1. 8 4.2 4.0 4.0 1. 7 4.5 7. 4 ------3. 8 ------··------5.8

i Revised on the basis of results from the revised labor-force survey. Note: Quarterly and .monthly figures for France, Germany, Italy and Great ikitain are Calculated 2 Quarte!1Y. rates are for the 1st month of the quarter. by applying an.nual a~1ustment factors to current published data, and therefore should be viewed a Great Britain. as only approximate indicators of unemployment under U.S. concepts. Pubr1Sbed data for Canada, 'Preliminary. Japan, and Sweden require tittle or no adjustment Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, June 1976.

THANK YOU, MY PEOPLE THANK You, MT PEOPLE picnic while some of my larger cities are (By Beth Yancosek) having huge parades and dinners and July 4:, 1776, to most of the world was a speeches honoring me. HON. ALBERT W. JOHNSON day that meant very little, but to those I become so happy and excited when I see OF PENNSYLVANIA people who lived and worked on my fertile and hear all this celebrating going on, but on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plains, it was a day ne~r to be forgotten. the other hand I a.m very sad when I see and It was on this day that I became a nation, hear some of my people complaining about Monday, June 28, 1976 known to the world as the "United States of all this celebrating for my bicentennial Mr. America." birthday. Many of these people feel that JOHNSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. because of such things as high taxes, racia.l Speaker, radio station WFRM in the 23d It ts now 1976, a very special year for me as it ts my 200th birthday celebration. At the prejudices, immoralities, corruption in Congressional District town of Couders­ higher government, high crime rates, infia­ port, Pa., annually sponsors edit.orial time of my birth, people all over the world an were very doubt!ul that I would be able to tion and the energy crisis we ~ould not be contest for local students. This year over bothered with celebrating my 200th birth­ survive. But I have survived, stronger -and day. fO students from McKean and Potter healthier than any nation i.n the world has Counties competed for the grand award, been. Perhaps if these same people were to live in the land of one of my neighbors. where which was won by Miss Beth Ann Yan­ I have survived through many wars, they would have no freedom of speech, cosek of Hazel Hurst, Pa. Miss Yancosek, watching my people suffer and die in order press, or religion or the right to bear arms, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert to uphold my beliefs as a.re Iistl?d on my the right of search and seizure. and the Yancosek, graduated in May from birth certificate, the Declaration cf Inde­ right to a fair trial, etc., as stated in my bill Smethport Area High School fn my pendence. of rights, they would at once realize that my Many great and brilliant men and women land is indeed the land of the free and the hornet.own and will attend Clarion State have been born in my country. They have home of the brave. College in September t.o major in elemen­ done so much to make me proud. George I, the United States of America, on this my tary education. While in high school, she Washington, my first Father and President 200th birthday want to thank each and was a member of the National Honor So­ of my land; Abe Lincoln, who freed my every citizen of this country, both past and ciety, senior band, Swingin' Seventies, black people; Tom Jefferson, who wrote my present for helping me to beoom~ what I am birth certificate; Betsy Ross, who made my today, the greatest nation 1n the world. pep band, and was copresident of her first flag; Clara Barton, who founded the Thank you. senior class. She is a member of the Red Cross to help my people in time of need; United Methodist Church of Hazel Hurst. Martin Luther King, a wonderful man who As the grand award winner in the edito­ !ought aagtnst racial prejudices among my rial contest, Miss Yancosek received people; John Glenn, the first one of my peo­ THE EEOC CRISIS: A FAILURE OF ple to go into orbit a.round the earth; the LEADERSHIP $200 and a wrist watch. Kennedy brothers, Jack and Bob, who were Miss Yancosek is a fine example of killed by assastns before they were able to what is right with the youth of America complete their life work; and my present HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS leader o:f m.y country. Jerry Ford. These a.re today. In this Bicentennial Year, I would OF CALIFORNIA like t,o call my colleagues' attention to but a few of my people who have helped to make me so great and 1>9werful. IN THE HOUSE OF REP~~A~VES her award-winning editorial, which was My birthday is being celebrated in so Monday, June 28, 1976 printed in the Olean, N.Y., Times Herald. many different ways and it is all being done The editorial, entitled "Thank You, My in my favorite colors, red, white and blue. Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to People," follows: Many of my small towns may have just a call to the Members' attention the fol- June !JB, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21095 lowing article from the New York Times up. If there is no state action in that time, In the last nine months, about 4,200 cases the complaints return to the district offices where the employer was judged by agency that appeared today. The Subcommit­ of the commission. omcers to be at fault were sent to agency tee on Equal Opportunities, which I It is at this point where most complaints lawyers for possible litigation. No more than chair, will shortly issue a report which lie unattended for long periods of time. 200 of these will result in lawsuits, if past will deal in detail with much that is dis­ "That's where most of the so-called backlog form holds, Mr. Pena said. cussed in the excellent article by Ernest is," said Eduardo Pena, director of the com­ The remaining 4,000 cases will be returned Holsendolph. In essence, we are faced mission's compliance division. to district offices, where some effort will be with a leadership crisis that t ranscends One strategy that the commission has made to find private lawyers to offer their been using to reduce its caseload has been services to help the complaining employees. not only intermediate and top levels at to consolidate complaints-either by putting "Sad to say, probably no more than 10 the Commission itself but extends right t h e complaints against a single company to­ percent of them will be picked up by private int.o the Oval Office. The article follows: get her or by combining them geographically, lawyers," Mr. Pena said. "And so they will JoB-EQUALrrY COMPLAINTS PILING UP Mr. Pena said. join many thousands of other complainants (By Ernest Holsendolph) He said that 70 percent of the agency's who were judged to have cause for complaint WASHINGTON.-For the 10th consecutive investigation forces work on the individual · but never got satisfaction." year, the Equal Employment Opportunity complaint and the remainder do broader in­ Commission will recard a sizable increase in vestigations to uncover patterns of indus­ its backlog of job complaints when its books trial discrimination that might make the close on the fiscal year at the end of this basis of class-action suits. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE STATE­ month, with the number likely to be more If investigators find that a complaint has MENT substance, a conciliator is sent to try to than 130,000. achieve a voluntary agreement to remedy the The increase h as become expected, like the employee's grievance. Under a new approach, HON. FRANK HORTON arrival of summer heat and humidity here. the agency said, it is training staff members And, as with the weather, there is little to do both investigation and conciliation, OF NEW YORK optimism that anything can be done about which should be time-saving and more ef­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it. ficient. A complainant may sue if he is still While the comm ission staff processes more dissatisfied after a commission decision. Monday, June 28, 1976 complaints every year, its operations are over­ Approximately 70 percent of the com­ Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, run by an even faster growth in the number plaints filed by employees are either closed of complaints received. June 25, I included in the RECORD my administratively by the agency for lack of statement disclosing personal, family, of­ "About the only way to reduce this growth jurisdiction or are later dismissed for lack of curve is to make people stop signing com­ merit, commission omcials say. ficial, and campaign finances for 1975. plaints," said one agency omcial. If no voluntary remedy is possible, the Unfortunately, a section of that disclos­ Despite the increase in complaints, the matter is turned over to headquarters here ure statement was omitted. I am, there­ commission is now processing fewer than for a litigation decision. If the case involves fore, resubmitting the complete text of it did in past yea.rs-as Representative Au­ "new principles," the full five-member com­ my statement: gustus F. Hawkins, Democrat of California, mission may vote on whether to sue the em­ pointed out at a hearing last month--even STATEMENT OF PERSONAL, FAMILY, OFFICIAL ployer. However, most cases hinge on a de­ AND CAMPAIGN FINANCES, 1975 though the agency has had e.n $8.5 million cision of the general counsel's staff. · · increase in i~ annual budget and an increase The· commission, in addition to its mis­ Increased public awareness of government in its manpower authorization of 200. Nearly sion to process complaints by individuals and its omcials and increased public concern everyone agrees that the agency's manage­ who feel that they have been subjected to about the way in which the stewardship of ment efficiency leaves much to be desired. employment discrimination, also files suits public trust and of public funds is conducted Over the years the commission, established against employers for alleged patterns and has led me for the past two years to enter in 1965 to enforce the equal employment into the Record a complete statement of my rights of minorities in the private sector, has practices that appear to be discriminatory. personal, family, official and cam.paign fi­ seen the number of complaints grow from In the last two months two employers, the nances. I am pleased today to enter into the 8,700 received in 1966 to 71,000 in the 1975 largest in their fields, have filed consent de­ Record a similar statement covering the cal­ fiscal year, which ended last June. · crees with the commission in which they endar year 1975. In 1966, the commission "resolved" only promise to change their ways in order to I make this annual disclosure statement 6,400 of the 8,700 complaints. Consequently, bring more minorities and women into their for two purposes. My first purpose is to go the backlog at the end of that year was 2,300 ' work forces. far beyond the minimal disclosure require­ complaints. By the end of February 1976 it The two, United Airlines and Merrill ments of the House Committee on Standards had grown to 118,000. Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, the broker­ of omctal Conduct in making clear that I Representative William Clay, Democrat of age house, also promised to pay back wages conduct my office with neither actual nor Missouri, has reported that 100 complaints to individuals who have been harmed by potential confilcts of interest. My second are pending against a company in his home some of the past practices in that they were purpose is to provide sumciently detailed in­ town of St. Louis. either denied employment or certain promo­ formation to my constituents to illustrate "But nothing has been done about those tions. what is involved financially in the proper complaints in five years,'' Mr. Clay told the Last month, the agency disclosed that 58 operation of a Congressional office and in the commission chairman, Lowell W. Perry, be­ of its 274 positions for lawyers were vacant, conduct of a Congressman's job. fore the chairman resigned May 15. including 20 in the commission's headquar­ It is for these reasons that I submit the Mr. Perry, who was head of the agency only ters. following summary of my personal, family, one year, responded that "we can't put some Most decisions on acceptable settlements omcial and campaign finances for 1975. The complaints ahead of others-we're doing the or on litigation are made by the general coun­ statement includes full disclosures of my per­ best ·we can to improve." sel's office, Mr. Pena said, but about 500 sonal and family tax payments, income and Until President Ford names a new chair­ "novel" cases are pending in the compliance sources, personal assets and debts, my official man, Ethel B. Walsh, the vice chairman is omce for examination by high-level omcials. expenditures and my use of federal reim­ serving as acting chairman. An example of a case that will require spe- bursement accounts, funds returned to the The lesson to be learned from the agency's . cial ~ttentlon is one now pending before the U.S. Treasury, my campaign finances during record, in view of some observers of civil commission. Mr. Pena said. It involves the 1975, m y organizational amuations and my rights enforcement, is that many companies complaint of a black, who charged discrim­ handling of Congressional papers and records. can reasonably gamble that they can ignore -ination in the rejection of his job applica­ pending complaints, with a better-than-even tion by a large company. I. PERSONAL AND FAMILY FINANCES AND TAXES chance of avoiding serious trouble. . The applicant was turned down on the A. Taxes- · Because of the backup, employees-most basis of the results from a blood pressure test 1. Federal income tax paid for 1975 (joint of wliom earn low wages-are forced to wait given to aU job seekers. He asserted that since return filed by Frank an d Marjorie Horton). from t wo to seven years for rulings on blac'l>s tend to have higher blood pressure $6,460.60.1 whether their complaints are justified. By readings than others, the t est is discrimina­ 2. New York State income tax paid for the time the commission gets around to their tory. 1975 (joint return), $2,546.90.1 complaints, many employees have left their "We will have to decide whether the test 3. Montgomery Count y, Maryland real es­ jobs in discouragement. requirement conforms" to a case that "holds tate tax in personal residence (Jointly owned) Employment complaints are received in that a test is valid only if it can be shown the 32 district offices of the Equal Employ­ to be job related," Mr. Pena said. paid for 1975, $1,504.74. ment Opportunity Commission around the Other novel cases involve a variet y of tests 4. Herkimer County, New York real estate nation. The complaints are referred first to and practices used by companies to hire per­ state employment discrimination agencies, sonnel, but which affect minorities or women 1 See II.B. regarding deductions of official where the states have 60 days to take them disproportionately-and therefore lllegally. expenses not reimbursed by the government. 21096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 ta.x on cottage (jointly owned) pa.id for b. Not included in this statement of as­ ploy 11 full-time and two pa.rt-time stalI 1975, $47'1.93. sets are such miscellaneous items as clothing members, with seven o! the full-time people Total Inoome and Real Estate Taxes Paid and household furnishings, and cash value of and one part-time person serving in Wash­ $10,900.17. life insurance, which have not been appraised ington and the remainder in my District B. Sources of All Income-- and all of which are within the normal range Offices. 1. Annual salary as U.S. Congressman, of expectation for a man of my age and 6. Each Congressman was authorized a $-±2,850.00. income. telephone and telegraph allowance of 125,000 2. Total dividends received on common E. Personal Debts- message units in 1975. Unused message units stock in 1975, ~.60 (received jointly). 1. Mortgage liabilities for home and cot­ may be carried over from one year to the 3. Interest received on savings account and tage are disclosed under C.I., assets summary. next. I used 84.762 telephone message units on notes outstanding, $1,465.58. 2. I owe $5,000.00 on a. loan account with in 1975, and 281 telegraph units for a total 4. Income from rentals of Big Moose cot­ the National Bank of Washington, Washing­ of 85,043 units used. All units used were for tage, $1,600.00. ton, D.C. official communication by myself or my staff 5. Other: During 1975, I received a total 3. I owe $269.00 to Blackacre, Inc., as part and the bulk of them were con.sumed in com­ of $2,050.00 in honoraria for speeches and of the purchase price of stock in Blackacre, munications to constituents in Monroe and lectures to various groups, as follows: Inc., which I have since sold. Wayne Connties about federal matters affect­ a. National Tool and Die and Precision Except for the honoraria listed and the as­ ing the 34th District. Machining Association, $300.00. sets shown as jointly owned by my wife and 7. Each Congi·essman was permitted reim­ b. National Audio Visual Association, me, Mrs. Horton has no assets of her own and bursement up to $6,000.00 in 1975 for the $500.00. no independent sources of income. rental of space for District Offices. Since my c. National Wholesale Druggists, $250.00. II. OFFICIAL EXPENSES AND REIMBURSEMENTS Rochester office is in the Federal Building, d. National Micrographics Association, CONNECTED WITH MY DUTIES AS A U.S. and my Wayne County office is in the County claim $1,000.00. CONGRESSMAN Office Building, I did not any portion All of the above were speeches in the Na­ of this amount. Thus, $6,000.00 reverted to tion's Capital exC;ept the Micrographics As­ (Note: With the single exception of the the U.S. Treasury. sociation which was in New Orleans, Stationery Allowance, any unused portion of 8. Each Congressman was permitted reim­ Louisiana. which is taxable to a Congressman as income, bursement up to $2,000.00 for District Office It is my policy not to accept honoraria or none of the other accounts accrue any per­ Expens.es in 1975. Since my District Office ex­ expenses from persons, groups or organiza­ sonal benefit to a Congressman or to mem­ penses exceeded this amount, I claimed the tions for appearances within my Congres­ bers of his sta.1!.) full $2,000.00. sional District. A. Office Accounts- 9. Each Congressman was permitted r~im­ c. During 1975 my wife received several 1. In 1975, each Congressman was author­ bursement up to $1,200.00 tor District Office small honoraria totalling $387.58 in connec­ ized a Stationery Allowance of $6,500.00 for Telephone expenses for the first half of 1975. tion with her work with Christian organiza­ office use. I expended the entire a.mount for I utilized $1,021.52 of this a.mount. After tions a.nd they are listed as follows: the operations of my Washington, Rochester June 1975, District Office Telephone reim­ Women's Aglow Fellowship (several sepa- and Wayne County offices. At the end of 1975, bursements were combined with the tele­ rate events), $192.58. this account showed a debit ha.la.nee of phone and telegraph units is discussed in Washington Prayer Group, $10. $265.49 which was carried over to my 1976 item number 6 above. Palmyra Methodist Church, $35. Stationery Allowance. I withdrew no cash 10. Ea.ch Congressman is permitted to obli­ Westminster Presbyterian Church, $50. from the stationery account for personal or g.ate the House of Representatives for a. total Prayer Breakfast, $100. other use. of $8,100.00 in office equipment rental pay­ The total amount of $387.58 was contrib­ 2. Each Congressman was authorized a nients for 1975. I utilized $7,150.30 of this uted to Christian charitable organizations by postage allowance of $1,140.00 in stamps for amount for rental of photocopying, typewrit­ my wife. the year, of which I withdrew the full ing, telecopying and other article of office Total 1975 joint income: $46,353.76. am.ount, some of which was carried over for equipment. An unused portion $949.70 re­ D. Summary of Personal Assets and use in 1976. verted to the U.S. Treasury. Ea.ch Member of Liabllities- 3. Each Congressman is permitted a.n ac­ Congress is a.lso able to authorize evpendi­ 1. Family residence at 9607 Hillridge Drive, tual transportation expense (auto mileage or tures from a continuing allowance of $5,- Kensington, Maryland: Approximate value, air fare) reimbursement for 26 round trips 500.00 a year which the House of Representa­ excluding furnishings, $70,000.00: jointly to his home district per year. I claimed reim­ tives uses to purchase ofiloe equipment for owned with Marjorie Horton; mortgage bursement for all of these 1rips, at a total use in the Congressmen's offices. At the close amount outstanding as of June, 1976, reimbursement of $3,949.96. In addition to of 1975, I had an unused balance in the of· $35,525.39. these 26 trips, I made at least 13 additional ftce equipment purchase account of $2,279.32. 2. Cottage at Big loose Lake (Herkimer trips to the 34th District at my own personal 11. Each Congressman was permitted county), New York: Approximate value, ex­ expense. Transportation expenses for these $5,000.00 in 1975 for Constituent Communi­ cluding furnishings, $35,000.00: jointly additional trips, for car rental, meals and cation's Expenses. I used $1,515.00. owned with Marjorie Horton; mortgage other expenses not reimbursed by the gov­ 12. Each Congressman ls entitled to a outstanding as of June, 1976, $7,500.00. ernment amounted to personal travel ex­ special $3,000 tax deduction for living ex­ (Note: My residence in the 34th District 1s penses of $3,411.64 for me in 1975. penses in Washington. Since living expenses a rented apartment at 2123 East Avenue in 4. The staff of each Congressman is al­ at a temporary place of employment are gen~ the Town of Brighton, New York, in which I lowed a total of six government-reimbursed era.Hy deductible for all d.ttzens, and since have no ownership interest.) round trips to the home district per year. As living expenses during the year in Washing­ 3. Common Stocks (all owned jointly with in the case of the Congressman, the reim­ ton far exceed this figure, thJs "allowance" is Marjorie Horton) bursement is limited to actual transporta­ not a finanical advantage but a limitation a. 10 shares of Eastman Kodak Company tion expense (auto mileage oi- air fare) • on the deductibility of special living ex­ stock, valued in June, 1976 at $100.75 per Meals, lodging and other expenses are not penses. share, total value, $1,007.50. reimbursed. Similarly, there is no reimburse­ B. Official Expenses Met Personally- b. 1 share of Xerox Corporation stock, ment for mileage expenses of staff members Out of my personal income 1n 1975, I ex­ valued in June, 1976 at $56.50 per share, total or Congressmen who travel within the Con­ pended $7,390.85 for official expenses above value $56.50. gressional Distriet on official business. In and beyond the amount of reimbursements c. 10 sha.res of Rochester Community 1975, three reimbursed trips were utilized by I received from accounts listed above. These Baseball, Inc., stock, valued in June 1976 at my Administrative Assistant, for a total :reim­ official expenses met with personal funds were $5 per share, total value $50.00. bursement of $353.32. He made several addi­ properly deducted from my Federal and New 4. Automobiles tional trips to the District at his personal ex­ a. 1973 Buick valued in June, 1976 by a York State taxable income. pense in 1975. I believe that personal con­ Summary: Washington area Credit Union at $2,375.00. tacts with government officials and consist­ b. 1972 Buick valued in June, 1976 by the Total Allowances (not including telephone uent groups in my District by professional units), $255,539.56. same Credit Union at $2,150.00. staff members contribute a great deal to the Total Expended, $220,950.23. 5. Other assets-- quality of my service and repTesenta.tion. Returned to the U.S. Treasury, $34,589.33. a. I am owed $34,700.00 by the partnership However, this practice has had to be carried of Johnson, Reif and Mullan law firm as the Official expenses met personally (not re- out at considerable expense to myself and imbursed), $7,390.85. proceeds for my sale (to them.) of shares of members of my staff. m. POLITICAL AND Cil4PAIGN FINANCES stock in Blackacre, Inc., a Rochester, New 5. Each Congressman was permitted 18 York real estate corporation which owns the staff positions and a total .annual staff salary A. It has been my pi-actice neither to accept building at 47 S. Fitzhugh Street in which allowance of $220,686.00 in 1975. The number nor expend any monies personally for cam­ the law :firm. of Johnson, Rei! and Mullan has is uneven because one change as made in paign purposes. All campaign contributions its offices. I ceased all active practice of law this allotment during the calendar year. I for my re-election campaigns have been re­ at the time of my election to the Congress in utilized a total of $197,320.13 from this eeived and expended by one campaign com­ 1962, and I am no longer affiliated with this Il'littee which has been organized for this or any other law ft.rm. I no longer hold any amount, with the balance of $23,465.87 re­ stock in Blackacre, Inc. verting to the U.S. Treasury. I currently em- purpose. June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21097 1. The Committee for the Re-Election of result and will not result in any tax or finan­ "Therefore the entire school system of congressman Fra.nk Horton was reorganized cial benefit to me whatsoever. Boston is unconstitutionally segregated," the in 1972 for the purpose of that year's Con­ opinion declared. This was the ruling (and gressional election campaign and subsequent the desegregation plan) which the U.S. Su­ campaigns. Its treasurer is Alan J. Underberg, preme Court let stand as announced on Mon­ a Rochester attorney. The Committee has THE COURTS AND BUSING day, June 14. submitted all required disclosure reports to Unfortunately this does not end the Boston the Clerk of the House of Representatives matter. Because of the tightly-knit neighbor­ (Washington, D.C., 20515) and to the Secre­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL hoods of this city and their feeling that any­ thing imposed on them is by outsiders-­ tary of State in Albany, New York, as re­ OF NEW YORK quired under federal camapign finance dis­ whom they don't recognize-there i5 a strug­ closure laws. These reports are avaialble for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gle ahead. public inspection at those offices. Monday, June 28, 1976 It goes back to the fights between the Summary of the Committee's finance.:; in Yankees and the Irish immigrants over the 1975: Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, recently city government. Cash on hand, lfl/75, $1,467.68. the Supreme Court again definitively The Irish may hear about the changing Total Receipts, $1,943.94. spoke on the issue of school busing by Texans, Georgians, Virginians and even Mis­ Total Expenditures, $1,606.15. refusing to reexamine a case concerning sissippians, but they persist in fighting Cash on hand, 12/31/75, $1,805.47. the Boston schools. Though it is univer­ somebody that resembles Yankees, no matter Note: None of the funds in this Committee that they have black faces. They see the in­ sally acknowledged that the Supreme terference by outsiders to foist desegrega­ is subject to my personal control. Court determines the law of the land, tion upon them. B. Each Republican Congressman was al­ The struggle goes on there, but there is lowed $2,000.00 by the National Republican there are some who continue to chal­ lenge its repeated dictums on the busing another danger. It is legislation saying how Congressional Committee for use to defray long a court may control busing. public information expenditures in 1975. I issue. Unfortunately there are no simple solu­ Courts have equity power. It is supposed utilized $1,998.16 tor purposes such as the to last as long as the inequity lasts. One bill production of public service radio and tele­ tions to the problem of segregated neigh­ proposed would not only limit court control vision broadcasts, photographic services and borhoods leading to segregated education. to a maximum of five yea.rs but would pro­ other public information expenses related But until alternative solutions emerge, vide that only the amount of racial segrega­ to my duties as a Member of Congress. the word of the Court must stand. tion of certain schools (not the whole sys­ IV. AFFILIATIONS I would like to bring to the attention tem) be subject to the law. A. I hold no directorships or partnerships of my colleagues the following column This would lead the federal courts into 1n any professional or corporate profit-ma.k­ from the New York Post by Mr. Roy more trouble than they have now. They ing entity, except I do serve, without pay, as would be obliged to determine which segre­ a director of Rochester Community Baseball, Wilkins, a long respected voice of mod­ gation flowed from which order and what Inc., which I served as President prior to my eration in the civil rights movement. schools or parts of schools were affected. It election to Congress in 1962. Though not wholly optimistic, Mr. Wil­ would be a mess. B. I also served on the boa.rd of the Gene­ kins provides us with a sensible appraisal Where was the threat of the black vote in see Valley Arts Center, Inc. and on the ad­ of the current situation. I there!ore urge this? Prior to au the maneuvers the Black visory boards on the Center for Migrant that my colleagues review his remarks, Caucus was brought in and rendered a unan­ Studies at the SUNY College at Genesee, of which follow: imous opinion that to proceed would be SOHI, a non-profit group which promotes folly. The members of the Black Caucus were investments in low and moderate income [From the New York Post, June 26, 1976) beautiful. But where was the fear of the re­ housing projects around the country, and of BOSTON: IT'S NOT OVER prisal of the black vote for such an action a group called Citizens for Decent Literature. (By Roy Wilkins) by President Ford? (Note: These are relatively inactive, hon­ Only a small part of Boston (or of South orary positions in which I serve without fee. Boston, and not all of that) has greeted with I am also a dues-paying member of a large thinly-veiled threats of violence the Supreme number of Rochester area civic, masonic and COM1\iENTS ON JOBS BILL community organizations, a list of which I Court's refusal to reexamine the Boston would gladly provide upon request.) school case. The Justice Dept. re!u.sed to act, C. In my official capacity as a Member of despite President Ford's urging, although it HON. LLOYD MEEDS Congress, I serve as Ranking Minority Mem­ felt vindicated in its refusal which it had ber, House Committee on Government Oper­ announced several days prior to the high OF WASHINGTON ations; Member, Joint Committee on Atomic court's decision. IN '.l'HE HOUSE OF REPRF.sENTATIVES Energy; Chairman, Commission on Federal Mrs. Elvina. Palladino, a vociferous antl­ Paperwork; Vice Chairman, Select Commit­ busing advocate, was the only one quoted Monday, June 28, 1976 by the press as predicting violence as a direct tee on Professlonal Sports; and Member, U.S. Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Speake1·, I would like Naval Academy Board of Visitors. result of the court's action. She is quoted a.s having said, "I hope it doesn't cause violence to call the attention of the Members to V. TRAVEL ABROAD in the city. It probably will." a very enligh1iening letter to the editor I made one trip abroad at government ex­ Mrs. Louise Day Hicks, Boston City Council authored by my good friend and col­ pense 1n 1975, to Scotland a.nd France, as a president, said the court's action was an "in­ league Congressman AUGUSTUS F. HAw­ member of the Joint Committee on Atomic justice" and went on to hint at rebellion KINS. The letter deals with several mis­ Energy. The purpose of this trip was to re­ against rule by the courts: "The Supreme conceptions concerning the Full Em­ view the status of breeder reactor technology Court may have spoken, but the people shall 1.n France and the United Kingdom. ployment a.nd Bala.need Growth Act of rule and God help those who have let them 1976. Vl. CONGRESSIONAL PAPERS down." The letter, which appeared in the Washingt.on Post on Saturday, May 30, In 1967, I selected the University of Roch­ Mrs. Hicks parlayed her opposition into ester as the repository for all files and membership on the School Committee (board 1976, follows: papers resulting from my service in the Con­ of education) and then as a Congresswoman "DISPARAGING AND FLIPPANT COM.lllENTS" ON gress. In that year, I executed a document in Washington. She returned to run for mayor THE JOBS BILL making a gift to the University of my Con­ a.nd settled finally for city council president. Your lead editorial of May 8 about the gressional papers then in existence as well as Mrs. Palladino is now an elected member of Hawkins-Humphrey proposed "Full Employ­ those that would result from further years the School Committee. ment and Ba.lanced Growth Act of 1976" of service as a Congressman. A substantial Judge W. Arthur Garrity, Jr., of the Fed­ substitutes rather disparaging and somewhat portion of my papers, from my first 13 years eral District Court, which heard the case flippant comments-unjustified because of in the House are already filed at the Uni­ from the beginning, said in his opinion that the measure's importance-for discerning versity. At the time o! this gift, University the Boston School Committee members had criticlmns which I would welcome. You say officials brought to my attention the avail­ "knowingly carried out a systematic program no more nor less than the bill "attempts to ability of a tax deduction for the appraisal of segregation affecting all of the city's stu­ legislate the unemployment rate down to of these papers. Because much of the paper dents, teachers and school facilities and have levels far below those for which severe wage itself as wen as much of the staff work, intentionally brought about and maintained inflation would begin to be a serious danger" which created the files, was properly paid for a dual school system." and that "Senator Hubert H. Humphrey has by the government, through stationery and The result was two systems, overwhelm­ sponsored the successive versions of the bill staff allowances, I decline the opportunity to ingly racial, in which 84 per cent of white without so much as tipping his hat to the take any tax deduction !or this gift. In !act, students attended schools that were 80 per possibility that it might be inflationary." I declined to have the papers appraised. cent white while 62 per cent of black stu­ Your disparagement imports that the spon­ Therefore, the gift of my Congressional dents attended schools more than 70 per cent sors of the bill a.re attempting to solve the papers to the University of Rochester did not black. tremendous problem of employment by Iegis- CXXII--1331-Part 17 21098 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 latlng it down, as if we were attempting to capital investment "without convicting him­ the latest information about any direct wave a magic wand or destroy an evil by self of favortism toward business and the contact between the two countries. It is passing a law. This is unworthy criticism rich." While much of business and some of from a source which in the past has given so the rich may be among my friends, I may especially important to find out whether much evidence of its recognition of the know nothing more discredited on the basts such contact, if it exists, actually con­ worth of legislation as an expression ()(f na­ of real experience than the theory that we stitutes direct negotiations or, rather, is tional purpose. The Hawkins-Humphrey bill can overcome recessions and restore and sus­ only a preliminary discussion concerr... voices this national purpose. And far from tain full prosperity by granting excessive tax ing the possibility of beginning negotia-­ seeking to accomplish this purpose by un­ concessions to that sector of the economy. tions in the future. reflective fiat, it embraces a wide range of This has been tried on several recent occa­ I would like to explain my understand­ specific measures, all dictated by the experi­ sions, and we all know the unhappy results, ing of the historical background to nego­ ence gained in failing to reach reasonably in the long-run if not immediately. The full employment for 23 years and getting Hawkins-Humphrey measure, when en­ tiations. At the conclusion of my re­ further and further away from it on a long acted, will encourage the use, on a pragmatic marks, I will insert the text of my letter term basis. basis, of all sound measures to help business to Secretary Kissinger which is intended Your editorial then accuses the sponsors directly for the benefit of all, but not to to clarify the current status of negotia­ of attempting to i·isk excessive inflationary help anyone directly for the benefit of them­ tions between the United States and dangers by getting unemployment down too selves only. The Hawkins-Humphrey bill rec­ Vietnam. far. All empirical evidence is that "wage in­ ognizes that what business now needs most-­ The problem of achieving an account­ flation" is reduced or removed under condi­ for the benefit of itself, the whole economy, tions of reasonably full employment and pro­ ing for the MIA's was seen as virtually and the American people-is more rapid and insoluble when the Select Committee duction, because these conditions bring high certain expansion of markets for its prod­ productivity gains while such gains fall or ucts. And this is why the Hawkins-Hum­ on MIA's was created by this body disappear when there is high idleness of phrey bill is pointed generally in the direc­ last summer. At that time, there plants and workers. Your editorial espouses tion of watering the trees at the bottom by was no diplomatic contact between the the "trade-off" theory of inflation, namely, strengthening the ability of the consumer to United States and the Government of that inflation is caused by low unemploy­ buy-on a less inflationary basis than in re­ North Vietnam. The Prime Minister of ment and cured by high unemployment, a cent years or now-and by reordering public North Vietnam, Pham Van Dong, had theory now rejected in published statements outlays for goods and services in the direc­ publicly offered in a speech in June 1975 by President Ford, Federal Reserve Board tion of the real priority needs of this great to open discussions with the United Chairman Arthur Burns, and Council of nation. States to solve all outstanding issues be­ Economic Advisers Chairman Alan Green­ AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, span. Member of Congress, tween the two countries, including the It appears that your editorialist has not Democrat of California. accounting for American missing in ac­ "tipped his hat" to the vast empirical evi­ Washington, D.C. tion. The State Department turned dence on this subject of inflation. During the down the offer, on the ground that the very recent years, we have suffered simul­ Paris agreement had been violated by taneously the highest inflation since the Civil the takeover of Saigon by Communist War and the highest unemployment since ARE DIRECT NEGOTIATIONS NOW forces. A complete trade was imposed the Great Depression. Happily, although in­ TAKING PLACE BETWEEN THE on both North and South Vietnam. No adequately, unemployment avd inflation UNITED STATES AND VIETNAM ON diplomatic recognition was extended to have simultaneously started to come down even more recently. Looking backward more THE MIA ISSUE? either government. And the United fully over more than two decades, we have States vetoed the applications for mem­ come close to full employment only twice, in HON. BELLAS. ABZUG bership by the two, Vietnams to the both cases wtih virtual price stability. And United Nations. we have almost throughout these years had OF NEW YORK Our Government was thus putting the most inflation when unemployment has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES itself in the position of demanding that been intolerably high er moving upward and Monday, June 28, 1976 the Vietnamese Governments provide an the least inflation under contrary circum­ accounting for MIA's while still pm·su­ stances. Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, during con­ ing policies which were more in line with It is also apparent that your editorialist has sideration of the foreign aid appropria­ wartime hostility than with normal not "tipped his hat" to the views of the very tions bill on Friday, June 28, I introduced competent Director of the Congressional peacetime relations. It was at that point, an amendment to prohibit aid to any in September 1975, that the Select Com­ Budget Office, Dr. Alice Rivlin, who wrote to country in Southeast Asia which is not me on April 22, 1976, as follows: mittee on Missing Persons in Southeast " ... most would also agree that measures accounting for American personnel Asia was formed to investigate the whole such as contained in the Hawkins-Humphrey listed as missing in action in that coun­ problem of obtaining information on the Bill to reduce the structural imbalances ln try. By changing the total unconditional missing in the Indochina war. The chair­ the labor market, to improve labor mobility, prohibition on aid to Indochina which man -and members of this committee to reduce frequent occurrences oi unemploy­ was contained in the bill as reported, wisely understood that only diplomatic ment among the unskilled, and to improve this amendment was intended to en­ negotiations on a basis of equality could employability by training and the elimina­ cow·age direct negotiations between the bring satisfaction to the families of our tion of discrimination could lower the unem­ United States and Vietnam on the MIA ployment rate at which the labor market be­ missing. _ issue and other matters of mutual in­ They were resolved to take actions to comes 'tight'. If such measures were adopted terest. Unfortunately, the amendment and were effective, a non-inflationary unem­ encourage the opening up of such nego­ ployment rate could potentialy be even lower was defeated. tiations. The chairman sent a letter to than 3 per cent" (emphasis added). It was a major surprise during the de­ the Vietnamese Prime Minister asking Your editorialist also has not "tipped his bate on the amendment to hear several for a meeting between the committee hat" to the fact that the Hawkins-Humphrey references made to "negotiations which and the North Vietnamese Ambassador bill contains .an extremely wide range of prac­ are already underway" and to "talks­ in Paris, Vo Van Sung. On December 6, tical measures to deal with inflation. I will which-are now going on about the miss­ 1975, the committee held several hours not quote these, because the real problem ing in action and about other matters of talks with Ambassador Sung, clarify­ is to get your editorialist to take a look at which affect both of these countries." I ing the Vietnamese position on an ac­ the bill in its entirety. believe that these were the first public As a tribute to the generosity of The Wash­ counting for MIA's and suggesting the ington Post, I am g'lad to recall that the em­ suggestions that negotiations have actu­ building of a bridge between the two pirical evidence, in devastating contradic­ ally commenced and that talks are now countries on the basis of reciprocal ges­ tion of the "trade-off" theory, has been car­ underway which might be able to resolve tures. ried several times in the form of letters and the important issue of an MIA account­ As a result of this meeting, the Viet­ articles in The Post. Unfortunately, this ing. namese announced that they would re­ has not yet penetrated into your editorial Since Congress has a responsibility to columns. turn a gesture of goodwill the remains Perhaps your editorial in this instance con­ encourage and promote direct negotia­ of three American flyers shot down over tains one other evidence of its thinking on tions, we should try to ascertain whether North Vietnam. Later in December, four our economic problems. It suggests that the or not such negotiations have actually members of the committee fiew to Hanoi central economic problem is to get the rate begun and, as well, to inquire about their to receive the remains of the three air­ of investment up, and imports that the real character. Today I am sending a letter men, and remained for another day for difficulty for the next president will be to get to Secretary Kissinger asking him for further talks with the Deputy Foreign June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21099 Minister and the Prime Minister of the The text of my letter follows: THE STRATEGIC Ca'UTS!l MissILE: WHAT lTM.EANS Democratic Republic of Vietnam. WASHINGTON, D.C., Upon their return from this trip, mem­ June 28, 1976. (By John T. Hayward, Contributing Editor) bers of the committee urged the Presi­ Hon. HENRY A. KissxNGER, This weapons system has come under dent and the Secretary of State to con­ Secretary of State, much criticism by a great many individ­ Department of State, uals-and I believe the critics are either not til.me the dialog with the DRV by mak­ knowledgeable about the subject or, like a ing gestures of good will. In a meeting Washington, D .C. DEAR SECRETARY Kl.SSINGER: I am writing lot of idealists, are convinced that peace is with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to request information about the current achieved through weakness. on March 12, they asked him to consider state of negotiations between the United This attitude seems to be prevalent in opening direct talks with the DRV on States and the Democratic Republic of Viet­ Congress. the problems of MIA's and all other out­ nam concerning the Missing-in-Action and For the record-the Soviets ·right now standing issues. The Secretary promised other matters of mutual interest. have over 800 long-range nuclear cruise mis­ to take their suggestion to the President. During consideration of an amendment I siles in their order of battle. And then there offered on June 25 to the Foreign Aid Ap­ is the ECHO-class Russian subs, each carry­ Two weeks later, Chairman MONTGOM­ ing eight such missiles with ranges of from ERY announced that the State Depart­ propriations for Fiscal Year 1977, several Members made reference to "talks now going 300 to 700 nautical miles. ment had sent a diplomatic note to the on" between the two countries or to "negoti­ The warheads are rated in the hundreds Vietnamese proposing executive level ations which are already underway." Since I of kilotons. And the Soviets have over one talks with North Vietnam. had offered my amendment to encourage the hundred subs with nuclear ability for their This seemed to be the breakthrough initiation of direct bilateral negotiations, I "big" wars. we had all been waiting for. The Na­ feel it is important to clarify the question According to Soviet Admiral Gorshove, tiona,l League of Families of American of whether such negotiations have actually head of the Russian Navy, "Nuclear rocket Prisoners and Missing in Southeast commenced. missile armed submarines ha~e a main role I would therefore appreciate answers to in warfare." He goes on to say that after an Asia called it "The best news in over 3 initial strike by land-based systems, the years." But since that note, there has the following questions: (1) Is there regular direct contact between subs are held in reserve as a powerful bar­ apparently been no progress toward the the United States and the Democratic Re­ gaining counter to compel an already weak­ promised talks, and there is growing evi­ public of Vietnam taking place in Paris or ened enemy to accept Russia's terms. dence that the critical step of making a any other location concerning the MIA's and One hears precious little about the Rus­ concrete proposal for beginning the ne­ other matters of mutual interest? Is this con­ sian philosophy of deterrence but it is ap­ gotiations has not yet been taken by the tact in the nature of dlrect negotiations on parent that they intend to win the war, when United States. In a speech last month, these matters, or prellmlnary discussions and 1! it comes. concerning the possibllity of beginning We emphasize deterrence but do not want State Department o:flicial Douglas Pike to think about the "unthinkable" as Herman characterized the note as "a testing of negotiations in the future? (2) If discussions or negotiations are oc­ Kahn puts it. No one has the authority, ac­ the waters, an effort to determine curring, when did they begin and at what countability or means to put the U.S. back whether conditions exist to warrant pro­ diploma.tic level are they taking place? together again 1! such a war occurs-and no J>OSing to Hanoi that full and formal ne­ (3) If direct negotiations are now occur­ one is planning for this. Yet I can say gotiations be opened." North Vietnam ring, are negotiations at a higher level antici­ with assurance that the Russians have a replied to the U.S. note with a note of pated in the future? system and plans to stay in business if such its own on April 12 reiterating its will­ (4) I! neither talks nor negotiations are an exchange takes place. being held, what is the position of the State Now why do we need the strategic cruise ingness to reach an early resolution of all missile? outstanding problems through negotia­ Department regarding iniatives or concrete proposals from the American side to begin The vital importance of this sy5tem be­ tions, according to news reports, and it either? comes increasingly evident as its many of­ asked the United States to make a con­ Thank you for your assistance. fensive uses, its susceptibility to wide pro­ crete proposal for starting those negotia­ Sincerely, liferation throughout the fleet and 1ts· po­ tions. BELLA S. ABZUG, litical character are assesSed. The United States replied on May 3, Member of Congress. First, it 1s an otfensive weapon and adds a strong capability to our most sophisticated but the substance of this response still and expensive surface ships. remains a closely guarded secret. The It will complement the offensive power of State Department is hinting, however, the carrier strike aircraft and greatly com­ that it is no longer pressing for face-to­ THE STRATEGIC CRUISE MISSILE: pounds the enemy's defensive problems. face talks with the Vietnamese, but is WHAT IT MEANS The Russians now spend a'bout $3.5 bil­ content to rely on diplomatic messages. lion on their air defense and we obviously The monthly newsletter U.S./Indochina HON. BOB WILSON want them to continue doing this. Report, published by the Indochina Re­ This accurate, low fiyillg missile will cer­ source Center, reports in its June 1976 OF CALIFORNIA tai.nly achieve such an objective no matter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES how many B-1's we build. A philosophy of issue that State Department representa­ mixed trajectories and mixed guidance sys­ tive Funseth, when asked whether the Monday, June 28, 1976 tems is a must across the spectrum of our letter put forth a proposal for getting Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, the weapons. talks underway, replied- pros and cons of the cruise missile have The primary vehicle :tor this sea-launch . It's a technical question whether you have been the subject of extended discussion cruise missile (SLCM) is the attack nuclear face-to-face meetings or exchange corres­ submarine. This does not mean that the pondence. Our focus isn't on a face-to-face and debate. It is a subject in which the sub cannot function in its primary mission. meeting. American people have understandably It just adds the ability to launch, accurately, shown a great deal of interest and on long range missiles against the Soviet main­ Mr. Speaker, it was in response to this which they have good reason to inform land. context of uncertainty and executive si­ them.selves. One of the best and most in­ This makes it an ideal second strike sys­ lence that I decided to introduce my formative articles that I have seen on the tem or as a weapon for unhurried bargain­ amendment last week. Are diplomatic ef­ subject of the cruise missile is that ing. Its use, particularly from the sub, can forts stalled? Or have negotiations in be handled with great deliberation-and it appearing in the June 1976 issue of the certainly oompllcates enemy nuclear war fact commenced? If so, are these nego­ Government Executive. The article is planning. tiations face to face or by diplomatic by contributing editor Adm. John T. The SLCM makes every submarine a ma­ note? Are they preliminary or substan­ Hayward, retired, a man with a vast jor threat and the enemy would no longer tial? experience and background in naval be able to concentrate on the Trident/ Po­ These are the questions which we must matters and one well-qualified to speak laris system. have answered prior to making a deci­ on the subject of the cruise missile. On the other side, such a we.apon adds sion about possible future congressional I hope that all of my colleagues will significantly to the flexibility of the U.S. in action on the MIA issue and other post­ its deterrent posture. We cannot guaran­ take the time to read this fine article and tee that our deterrence might not fail­ war issues. I have written to Secretary inform themselves of what I consider to through accident or miscalculation. Kissinger today to obtain this informa­ be the true story of the cruise missile If this should happen, would the U .s. tion, and will inform Members of his and the place that it occupies in our objective be to destroy the U .S.S.R. or to response. future defense structure: stop the war? The cruise missiles would 21100 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 'June 28, 1976 permit selective response and allow us to was, and is, the greatest sufferer, can be de­ a very serious problem which I feel im­ hit meaningful targets and avoid widespread scribed in one word: Rickover. pairs the judgment of those of us in this collateral damage. What a self-indictment for a man who Through such means we may be able to was the Number One Naval Officer in the Congress who are charged with the re­ prevent the massive destruction of our nation for four years. His footprints in the sponsibility of making laws. These re­ cities. It at least gives us this possibility. sands of time in the Navy are fast dissap­ marks are not meant to be deprecating Many people have difficulty in accepting the pearing, if not already gone, while Rick­ in any way, but to point out what I per­ idea that limited use of nuclear weapons over's work will endure as long there is a ceive to be a problem. We have become might terminate rather than escalate, a war. U.S. Navy. an extremely reactive group. If a problem But even the most skeptical agree that it The Navy has to face the problem in wea­ receives widespread publicity in the news­ would be useful to attempt to limit the level pons systems. paper, magazines and electronic media, of violence. Someone has to have the responsibility, authority and accountability for our Navy W<: react to it and not always in appro­ BELOW COST priate ways. When the thalidomide trag­ The SLCM program has been ably con­ to fight at sea. The Strategic Cruise Missile ducted by the Navy's Captain Walter Locke. affords an opportunity to really do some­ edy occurred in the early 1960's, we It is no small technical accomplishment to thing in this vein. rushed through the Congress a law which package such a weapon into a conventional did not really reflect a proper response to 21-in. torpedo tube. And, again to his credit, the tragedy. The problem with thalid­ he did the job well below the original cost omide was never efficacy, but its unsafe estimates. It was a natural approach-to PART X: SUPPRESSION OF INNO­ effects upon the embryos of pregnant make the submarine the constraining vehicle VATION-THERAPY DELAYED IS women. In the United States. there were for the system yet leave it perfectly adapt­ THERAPY DENIED only 18 documented cases where thalid­ able to surface or air launching. The competition for the system was won by omide caused deformities. I have been the Convair Division of General Dynamics in HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS told that there may have been as many April 1976. Its very American name is the OF IDAHO as 150 or 200 undocumented cases, Mr. Tomahawk. Speaker, but the fact remains that The system also has the added ability of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thalidomide had not entered the Ameri­ tactical use with conventional warheads from Monday, June 28, 1976 can market because of the safety clause. any of its launch vehicles. (There is little It was most probably obtained by Ameri­ doubt that the Russians are prepared to em­ Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ ing article appeared recently in Indiana can mothers while overseas or in limited ploy nucleM weapons tactically at sea so it is settings where clinical studies were being certainly necessary for us to have a like Business and Industry magazine. It il­ capability.) lustrates the effect of the drug lag upon conducted. But the fact remains that the There is all too much reliance by Congress American consumers excellently. problem with thalidomide was never one on the so-called "peaceful" intentions of our In all this controversy about the drug of e~cacy, but of safety. Indeed, the opposition and not enough on their capabili­ lag, the FDA and my legislation to re­ d.rug IS v~ry useful in overcoming rejec­ ties-which is what really counts. peal the "efficacy clause" from the 1962 tions of t1SSue grafts in burn patients and This brings us to one of the major reasons if administered to geriatric patients. Be­ fo.r the development of the system. This is Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cos­ metic Act, one question arises. That is, cause thalidomide was in the headlines the offensive capability of our surface Navy this Congress reacted-even overreacted'. as well as our attack nuclear submarines. whether any legislation to bring about It is this lack of offensive ability that ls so regulatory reform by repealing the "ef­ But something more insidious has been apparent, not only to the Soviet5, but also ficacy clause" will result in a flood of in­ happening as a consequence of our exist­ to the rest of the maritime world. As an effective drugs to the market. The ques­ ing drug laws. Let me give you just one example-we build the Los Angeles class of tion arises as to whether I and the co­ example of it. A benzodiazepine hypnotic nuclear submarines at a cost of over $200 sponsors do not wish to have efficacy drug-nitrazepam-was approved for million per copy to fight for us and all it proved before a drug is marketed. These marketing in the United States 5 years carries is the Mark 48 torpedo. after its introduction in Europe. One ad­ Our submariners are an ready to fight kinds of questions misstate the issue. World War II again! The issue is not whether the effective­ vantage of this drug over other hypotics Our beautiful, new 963 Spruance class ness of drugs will be judged but who will is its safety if an accidental overdosage carries a five-inch gun! do the judging. It is my feeling that the takes place. If one measures the "pene­ The current modern age of technology FDA has been inadequate to the task. It tration" of nitrazepam, that is, the pre­ makes such an approach to maritime power is now taking an average of 7 years be­ valence of the drug in physicians' pre­ ridiculous. These are supposed to be fore FDA grants approval of a new drug scribing practices, one arrives at a 33 WARSHIPS. application. This delay is not due, gen­ percent penetration figure abroad during SOVIET RECOGNITION erally, to genuine doubts by FDA drug the time that the drug was unavailable As Admiral Gorshove says: "Cruise mis­ reviewers about a pending drug applica­ here. During this time, 3,600 Americans siles have become an important weapon for tion-the delay is inherent in the nature died from overdoses of hypnotics. With a destroying surface targets. Their appear­ fair degree of certitude, one can conclude ance has introduced fundamental changes of bureaucracies to procrastinate the ex­ ercise of judgment. For this reason many that 1,200 American lives might have in the organization of a Naval engagement if and permits the delivery of powerful and Americans are made to suffer ur{neces­ been saved this safer drug had been accurate attacks from great distances against sarily. Even with just the "safety clause" available here. Instead, these deaths were the enemy's major surface ships." left intact, the FDA will still be called treated by the news media, understand­ The Secretary of Defense, our Navy leaders UJ?On to we~gh the benefits of new drugs ably, as random and unconnected epi­ and some in Congress fight and denigrate with the risks. I am presently working sodes. Perhaps the column space devoted Admiral Rickover's work to produce the finest on supplemental legislation which would to obituaries of these dead Americans fighting ships in the world. They are argu­ mandate the use of outside advisory was somewhat comparable in quantita­ ing over the wrong problem. tive terms to the column space devoted Weapons make a warship. committees of experts from the fields of clinical pharmacology and various med­ to news about thalidomide-perhaps. Can you find the Admiral Rickover in the But qualitatively, the news coverage dif­ weapons system field in the Navy? ical specialties to help reviewers perform f~red. There were no front page head­ Certainly not-and you probably won't un­ this weighing process. This helps to an­ swer the question of who will make judg­ lmes, no magazine articles, no major re­ less the Navy faces up to the problem. Ship­ ports on television. There has been no builders are not interested in weapons. But ments about benefits of new drugs. Even opportunity for the Congress to "react" the men who will have to fight with the without such committees, however, wise ships should be vitally concerned. A line op­ to this situation and rethink the wisdom decisions about the efficacy of new drugs of existing drug laws. I honestly believe, erating officer should be the man directly in­ will be made by physicians who now, on volved in this process. Mr. Speaker, that the absence of head­ the average, receive four years of spe­ lines about these kinds of random epi­ LEADERSHIP LACKING cialty training after graduation from sodes impairs our ability to make sound If someone of Rickover's drive and imagi­ medical school. And these physicians will judgments, to properly weigh the need to nation had been in charge of offensive wea­ have one advantage over FDA personnel. pons for our ships and submarines we would prevent precipitous approval of unsafe have an offensive surface Navy today. They will sense the urgency of their pa­ drugs with the need to bring better drugs We even have a former Chief of Naval Op­ tients' medical needs in a way that no to market quick enough to save lives. In erations saying the following: "A final mal­ FDA drug reviewer, insulated from the the last analysis, we are weighing loss of ady that a.fillets-and continues to affiict-­ clinical setting, can ever sense. life. How many lives are lost because the whole Navy, though the surface Navy Mr. Speaker, I would like to point out available therapy is bad, and how many .June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21101 lives are lost because therapy is not avail­ levels and rates and method of excretion. consider themselves lucky to have lt. Aspirin In later cllnlcal studies, 3,000 patients with has often been used to illustrate the ever­ able. some form of arthritis were treated on a growing restrictions on new drug release. In our effort to overcome the problem double-blind basis. with half receiving Nal­ Many theorize. due to pre5ent day stand­ of bad drugs being marketed, we may be fon and half receiving drugs already on the ards and rigors of FDA testing, aspirin would burdening our research and innovation market. This specific study was s1mila.r to the never be approved today. At least. it is con­ capabilities. At least one economist has one which was ma.de on the Salk vaccine in jectured. it would not be an over-the-counter come up with some interesting :figures. the 50's when certain children were admin­ drug but would be sold by prescription only. He claims that ineffective drugs may have istered innoculations against polio while Regulations that result in frustrating re­ others were given placebos. Lasting from one search by adding costs and incurring supen­ accounted for as much as 10 percent of day to three yea.rs. depending upon the kinds sion of studies and laboratory tests often pre-1962 drug purchases-and this is an of information sought. during these Nalfon force drug companies to abandon research outside :figure. In our effort to get that trials, patients were monitored and exam­ programs into interesting compounds alto­ 10 percent off the market, we have elim­ ined continuously. gether. Extreme regulation. in this instance. inated 60 percent of potential drug in- As these investigations expanded. medical would relegate the United States to the drug . novation. If we wish to prevent suffering clinicians worldwide became involved. All research field. Shrinking research produc­ told. Nalfon was analyzed in 194 separate tivity remains a troublesome concern, espe­ and death in this country, is this really cia.lly since better drug therapy holds the the way to go about it? studies conducted at 100 different medical institutions. Nearly 5,800 patients in 17 dif­ highest promise of reducing costs in the more The article follows : ferent countries participated in a.11. On just expensive areas of health ca.re delivery. THERAPY DELAYED Is THERAPY DENIED one study alone. 51,000 separate laboratory Regulation has dramatlca.lly escalated the Late last fall. Richard D. Wood. Cha.ir­ tests were conducted on 216 patients with cost of research. According to estlma.tes of man. Ell Lilly and Company. ma.de a state­ rheumatoid arthritis. Anthonly S. Ridolfo, the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associa­ ment in a speech before the State Chamber M.D., head of research in arthritis and con­ tion. it now takes in excess of $11 million to of Commerce meeting to the effect that "the nective tissue diseases at the Lilly Laboratory bring a new entity from discovery to market regulat.ory process works contrary to the for Clinical Research, coordinated the ex­ compared t.o the $1.2 million tha.t was ex­ needs of society when the availability of a haustive study. pended for this purpose, on an average, in new drug for arthritis ls delayed a.n extra Lilly spokesmen emphasize that Nalfon 1962. four months because of a. mechanical bu­ ls not a cure. but according to Dr. Ridolfo, Climbing costs often narrow the scope of reaucratic inefficiency." the discovery of such new drugs ls an im­ drug research by forcing drug companies to What Wood was referring to was a prod­ portant step in ma.king the ailment easier concentrate on developing cures and treat­ was uct that developed through the drug to live with until the ultimate cure can be ment for the more drama.tic and often fatal · company's most extensive. thorough and found. Besides providing relief for the suf­ diseases like cancer a..nd polio. What this costly clinical evaluation of any product ln means is that alleviation is denied the far its history. Even though Lilly submitted over ferer. including flares and long-term man­ agement. in patients treated with Nalfon greater number of victims of chronic diseases 100,000 pages of scientific data to the Food and disorders that plague without killing or and Drug Administration, they were in­ there is a marked reduction in joint swell­ ing. pain and duration of morning stiffness crippling. To support this fact, no cure for formed by the Federal bureau that it could the common cold has yet been found. most not move ahead on their application until as well as an increase in mobility. Nalfon was first ma.de available to phy­ likely because research in this area has a. low they put some of the same information on priority. an electronic tape for the FDA's computer. sicians in South Africa. in 1973. Subsequent­ Excessive regulation steps up the lead time Furthermore. this request oo.me from the ly. it was cleared by the FDA's opposite num­ required to bring a new drug to the market FDA after their own analysis of the research bers in Brazil, Canada. Spain, Switzerland, place after its initial discovery. This repre­ study found the drug. Na.lfon. to be safe and the United Kingdom and West Germany. But sents still another way it denies therapy to effective in the treatment of arthritis. not until April of this year was it fina.lly the affiicted. PMA statistics show it now Physicians say that 1f an indivldua.l lives approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Admin­ takes seven years for a. new entity to receive long enough. he is likely to have cataracts. istration for use in this country, even though FDA clearance where as in 1962. there was arthritis. or possibly. cancer. all of which a.re as the study progressed, data. were sub­ only a two-year time lapse between the first pa.rt of the senility syndrome. With arthritis mitted to the FDA for its immediate and on­ study phase and final approval. in prospect for all those who a.re otherwise going review. Bureaucratic mismanagement and unob­ to enjoy longevlty, it would seem that by Nor ls Nalfon the only drug which has withholding a drug to relieve the suffering tainable goals such as "absolute" drug safety been held off the American market longer set by the FDA have still another adverse of its victims, the government agency is than off those abroad. Minipress. a cardio­ working against. rat her th'all for. an ever­ affect on the American drug industry. For vascular agent researched and developed by cost and regulatory reasons. research and increasing segment of the population. the Pfizer. was released in 1974 for marketing in senior citizen. development spending abroad by U.S. fil•ms South Africa.. Argentina and Brazil. In 1975, has more than doubled since 1971. From 1940 Nor are the elderly the only ones so af­ it was launched in 10 additional markets. but fected by arthritis. There a.re many diag­ to 1970, U.S. drug companies originated 70 only recently has the FDA issued its letter percent of the new entities introduced into nosed cases among children. The most sert­ approving Minipress for introduction in the ous. most painful and most crippling form this country; presently, they originat e less of the disease is rheumatoid airthritls. which United States. than 37 percent. usually strikes those in the 20 to 45 age • • • • Moreover, there is a.n increasing drain-off bracket. the prime of life years. Estimates There a.re others, of course, but Minipress of the American research dollar into foreign of the Arthritis Foundation are that almost and Nalfon sufficiently serve to illustrate the countries. In 1974, many of the first clinica.l $3.5 billion in wages and homemaker seTVices point that Federal regulation and bureau­ trials of American-oriented drugs were being a.re lost annually due to a.rthritls and that cratic red tape has the end result of with­ conducted outside the United States. par­ the ma.lady affects one of every four fa.m­ holding much-needed medicines from the ticularly in the United Kingdom a.nd in West illes. To da.te, no cure for the incapacitating American market. Therapy delayed ls ther­ Germany. In addition, SWiss, Japanese, affliction has been found. apy denied. French and Swedish pharmaceutical houses Because there is no cure, many people with Besides denying therapy through FDR­ a.re rapidly expanding their research and arthritis feel it won't do ·any good to consult imposed delays. the restrictive aspects of his development investments which results not a physician and become the easy prey in­ regulatory agency have other effects upon only in a cutback in American research, but stead of "quacks" and patsies for cure-all the drug industry. Increasing stringency at often lures research ta.lent as well as funds paten t medicines. In addition to the cost of every stage. layers of constraints added over a.way from the United States. t he arthritis man-hour loss, the annual rip­ the years have fostered a. decade of slowdown Furt hermore, stepped-up activity in for ­ o ff by charlatans from its Vict ims runs in in new drug introduction. Moreover. when a eign research programs tends to lower the excess of another $4 million. new drug's app1·oval is withheld because of quality of medical care at home. Earlier Traditionally, aspirin has been most widely some suspected potential risk which theo­ a.vallabllity of medicines outside the country used to combat arthritic pa.in. but in ex­ retically might evolve from its use. the re­ may even eventually raise the hospitalization treme cases, the compound is woefully in­ sult ls that established and previously and treatment standards above ours and may adequate. Besides, gastrointestinal disorders. cleared drugs that may be less effective and force Americans to seek medical' services ringing in the ears. internal hemorrhage, even less safe will still continue to be pre­ abroad. ulcers. even. are often associated with long scribed as the only alternatives. Even t hough less regulation and lower range aspirin dosage. These concomitants Aspirin. the less safe, less effective drug for costs make t he climate more ·favorable to most certainly indicate a search for an al­ the treat ment of arthritis, again serves as an research abroad, there ls still more research ternative. Synthesized by Lilly researchers in the mld-60's, Na.lfon showed the greatest example. Until an alternative compound re­ and pl'oduct lon in terms of dollar volume in potential as another substance which could ceived government clearance, arthritis suf­ the United States, though this is relative. be used to treat the pa.in. fever and inflam­ ferers continued to use aspirin and patiently The point where this situation ls reversed mation of arthritis. withstand its side effects in the absence of has not yet been reached; hopefully, it never Clinical trials with Nalfon began in 1969. t he availability of a surrogate substance. will be. The first tests were done on healthy indi­ Yet, those dependent upon this less so­ F inally, a l t houg h American regulatory pro­ viduals to determine absorption rates. blood phisticated drug, in one regard, might even cedures seem to be rapidly stifling domestic 21102 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 drug research and development, defendants He rattled it an off without even the hint ll period of Hungarian history, died in Lon­ o! -the system point out that, 1n spite of the of transitions or Witticisms. He was like a don March 29 at the age of 87. The part he fn1strations which occur, the FDA is fa.r more war correspondent stumbling in from the played against the Nazis during the war, his thorough than it.s sister systems on other front, afraid he may not b& able to convey sufferings at the hands of the jailers of both continents. Thalidomide, which was cleared the h01Tors he has seen and the gravity of the Nazi and Communist regimes, his im­ and marketed in many oountries overseas, the situation. prisonment and his liberation by the Hun­ was never approved by t he FDA. We must do battle against the Pent agon garian Freedom Fighters in 1956, his efforts The stand taken by the intermediary or­ and the Bl bomber. We must stand up to to unite expatriate Hungarians during the ganization, the PMA, in regard to the rela­ Detroit and its polluting cars. We must save last decades of his long life, moves every free t ionship between government regulatory our air and water. We must save jobless man of self-respect to honor the memory of agencies and drug research and development and despairing youth. this Hungarian patriot. as stated Ls, "Government, industry and the The contrast with Jimmy Carter, who says Lajos Da.Inokl-Veress was born on October scientific community share a common need that Americans need only vote for him to 4, 1889, in Sepsiszentgyorgy, Hungary (now to improve the inherently slow and cumber­ get the decent, compassionate, loving govern­ Sfintul Gheorghe, Romania), in Ea.stern some process of drug research, particularly ment they deserve, was complete. Brown says Transylvania, to a Szekely Calvinist family in its cllnloa.l phases. No one questions the that Americans have to demand those things With centuries--0ld tradition of military serv­ need for a comprehensive system of ethical from their leaders. ice. Following his studies at the Ludovika principles, regula.tlons and controls, or sets The young g-0vernor was demonstrating to Military Academy in Budapest, he served in of values that must prevail among sponsors, his followers and those few hundred dele­ the 10th Hungarian Honved Hussar Regi­ investigators, involved institutions and gov­ gates pledged to him that they need not be ment, one of Hungary's famous l~ht cavalry ernment. Despite the constraints placed upon ashamed of supporting him. He was showing units, fought in World War I, mostly on the drug innovations, there exists no socially them that he had a right to run for the Russian front; he was wounded three times acceptable alternative in the U.S. to the pres­ presidency and to stay with it, because he in the war. ent system of drug regul&tion. can do what he thinks a president ought After the collapse of Bela Kun's short­ ''However, such a.n elaborate system, rela­ to do--"set a tone and define a vision." lived Communist dictatorship in 1919, Da.I­ tively new to science, must not become en­ He was trying to tell them that he Ls not noki-Veress joined the new Hungarian na­ trenched in its own orthodoxy. It should the spoiled crown prince of American politics, tional army, organized under the country's remain :flexible and open to incremental im­ petulant and privileged beneficiary of his elected head-of-state, Regent Mik16s Horthy. provement.s that do not violate the essential father's good name. former admiral in the Austro-Hungarian unity of the research process, or needlessly What else he accomplished by his tour de navy. By then, according to the Peace Treaty prolong the time required to develop and force it is hard to say. Like his candidacy, tt of Trianon of 1920, (which, incidentally, was approve new medicines, devices and diag­ came :i.wfully late. The nominee is chosen, never ratified by the United States), Hun­ nostic products." and he is unlikely to ask Brown to address gary had lost more than half of its popula­ the convention. The platform is written and tion (including circa 4 million Hungarians), reflects none of the urgency that informed and about two thirds of her former state CRITICAL ISSUES AHEAD Brown's outburst. The Democrats aren't territory, along with the Szekely region, the looking for a prophet, they just want a win­ home land of the family of Da.tnoki-Veress. ner. The party leaders will be irritated by . Following his graduation from Hungary's HON. DON EDWARDS a young man who has articulated the issues .War College, Da.Inoki-Veress taught military OF CA.LIFORNL\ better than anyone in the campaign. .history and strategy at the Ludovika Military .Academy (in 1923--1927, and again in 1929- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Brown has bought hlmsel! some time and some elbow-room. Those ·delegates who are .1931), and was appointed to increasingly Monday. June 28, 1976 anxious to get on the train may be content responsible posts as officer on the Hungarian to walt a while longer. Brown may be able general staff. Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. to put off his surrender until the C's are His most consequential appointment waa Speaker, Mary McGrory has written an­ reached in the roll call at Madison Square that of military attache at the Hungarian other perceptive article in the Washing­ Garden. Legation in Vienna (1934-1938) where he ton Star for June 28, 1976, about the He's going to move around a little bit, .had the opportunity to witness, first, the Democratic Presidential campaign-this betimes. He's headed for the Mayor's Con­ .1934 Nazi uprising and the assassination of time focusing on California Gov. Jerry ference in Milwaukee, and miloy take in the .Australia's independence-minded Chan­ Governor's Conference in Hershey, Pa. cellor, Engelbert Dollfuss, then the long Brown's recent speech delineating the He's not going to New York, in short, in .struggle by his successor Kurt Schuschnlgg critical issues the Democratic Party the role previously designated, that of an­ .against the diabolic subversion by the Nazis must address in our campaigning this other casualty :flattened by the Carter band­ which ended in Austria's submission to Hit­ year. The article follows: wagon. The net effect of his show of force ler's occupation in 1938. IT'S NOT ALL OVER FOR JERRY BROWN and life on Jimmy Carter may be to force : These experiences left lasting impressions .on the political outlook of Dalnoki-Veress. (By Mary McGrory) the nominee to choose the most liberal run­ ning mate he can find. John Glenn, reputedly lle became convinced that Austria's occupa­ Gov. Edmund G. Brown Jr. of California the front-runner, wouldn't be quite the .tion by Nazi Germany was a major tragedy did something impossible in his 30-minute answer to Brown's bugle call. for Central and South-Eastern Europe, and Friday night television speech. He dra.lned off a particularly bad omen tor the future of the embarrassment from his continuing and Hungary. As military attache, he had the admittedly hopeless quest for the presidency. opportunity to observe and analyze the He did if by doing the unexpected. He was methods by which Hitler and his Party­ expected to lay down his sword at last to TRIBUTE TO GEN. LAJOS a.tfiliated. military experts and assorted propa­ Jimmy Carter-whom, in an aside, he prom­ DALNOKI-VERESS gandists succeeded in penetrating the minds ised to support "enthusiastically" in Novem­ of glory-seeking officers and public servants ber. He was expected to swagger a bit about and turned them against their own govern­ his victories over carter in the late primaries HON. FRANK HORTON ment in Austria. He also became aware an d promise to be back next time. OF N E W YORK however, that similar contact.s were de­ Instead, Brown gave an impassioned, rapid­ lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES veloped by Nazi Germany across the borders :fire review of the trouble he had seen in of Hungary and other countries in that America during his brief and flashy cam­ Monday, June 28, 1976 region of Europe. After the occupation of paign. He didn't talk politics. He talked poli­ Mr. Mr. Austria, Dalnoki-Veress returned to Hun­ cies. He told the Democrat.s the issues they HORTON. Speaker, Gen. gary With the conviction that his fatherland must address if they want to take the coun­ Lajos Dalnoki-Veress, who served as should use any means to avoid being pene­ try in November. President of the World Federation of trated by Nazi ideology. Almost simultan­ The young governor appeared distraught Hungarian Freedom Fighters, died in eously, however, he also had to observe, and faintly upkempt. He never smiled and London on March 29 of this year. I particularly after the German "Blitzkrieg" scarcely paused for breath. He spoke without feel it is most important that the life of against Poland in 1939, that any military a. text or even any notes. It was like a half resistance by an inferior power against Hit­ this distinguished servant of the cause of ler's modern, motorized armies would b& hour with Peter the Hermit. Repent, the end freedom be the subject of our attention. I doomed to defeat, and, in the case of Hun­ is nigh. · am, therefore, submitting for the benefit gary. would lead to the total annihiliation Politics he dismissed in the first paragraph. of my colleagues an excellent biography of the country. He was born into politics. His father had of the late general which was prepared Regent Horthy, a gentleman and officer been govetnor of California, too. That was by the Library of Congress: of the tradition.al style, was an avowed a detail. What matters is what is happening antagonist of Hitlers' theories and devices. in the country, in the bombedout, burnt-out GENERAL L.uos DALNOKI-VERESS (1889- 1976) Supported by the various Hungarian govern­ slums, in the Bronx and in Newark. What LATE PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD FEDERAT ION ments, he made determined efforts to keep is important is the fact that old people are OF HUNGARIAN FREEDOM FIGHTERS the Nazi influence out of the country, and left behind in the central cities while their Gen eral Lajos Dalnoki-Veress. one o! t he the country out of the war. His war-time children strike out for the suburbs. most remarkable men in the post-World War Prime Minister Miklos Kallay, in concert June 28, 1976 EXTENSIONS . OF REMARKS 21103 with the leaders of the opposition parties Turkey, to his masters, and Hitler, by "invit­ ma.rked by the complete destruction of her in the Hungarian Parliament, established ing" Regent Horthy on March 18, 1944, to major cities, her transportation network, the contacts with anti-German, Jewish and some Austria, for a "top-level discussion of Hun­ absence of circa two million refugees, ex­ other groups, including certain domestio gary's increase of her share in the anti-So­ patriates and prisoners of war, the greatest Communists of the underground, and a seml­ viet war", the momentary power vacuum infiation recorded in mankind's history, and, officially organized, secret resistance network in Hungary could be used by the German Air most eminently, by the bitter struggle against came into being. And while Hungary had to Force to occupy all major Hungarian cities the Soviet troops which lived up fully to pay dearly in the military theater for Hit­ from the air. After the conclusion of this their grim reputation in occupied lands. ler's half-hearted assistance to Hungary in "maneuver", Regent Horthy, now practically Hungary's heroic attempts to marshal some regaining more than 3 million Hungarians a captive in Hitler's hands, was returned to support from the Western powers by voting and the regions settled by them in Czecho­ Hungary before any meaningful anti-German into power the country's various, demo­ slovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, the action had been initiated. However, the ar­ cratically oriented political parties by giving country, often at the personal insistence of rest and deportation of Prime Minister Kal­ them 83 per cent of the votes in the presence Regent Horthy, successfully defended its lay and many other prominent Hungarians of one million Soviet soldiers, were without Jewish population against Hitler's increas­ forced Horthy to accept an openly pro-Nazi any notable success. The Allied Control Com­ ing threats and demands for a "final solu­ Government which soon began the confine­ mission in Budapest, constituted of the high­ tion of Hungary's Jewish problem". ment of Jews to ghettos from which many of est representatives of the Western Allies and An eyewitness, our own John Montgomery, them were later deported to the death camps the Soviet Union was turned into a power­ United States ambassador to Budapest, the in Germany. less tool in the hands of its Soviet Chairman. last American diplomat of high rank dur­ Nevertheless, the anti-Nazi activities of Despite the outcome of the elections, posi­ ing those years in Central Europe, published Horthy and his resistance group, led by Gen­ tions of real power, especially in the al­ his recollections of those eight years in the eral Dalnoki-Veress, were continued, now vir­ mighty Ministry of Interior and its dreaded Hungarian capital, entitled "Hungary the tually under the eyes of the German SS and Political Police were with the Communists, Unwilling Satellite," in 1947. Later, in 1954, other secret and public agents of Hitler. For whose relentless attacks against the majority being called by the United States House of example, by a shrewd move of an armored parties destroyed all authority of independ­ Represertatives' Select Committee on Com­ division, which had been commanded by ent repute in Hungary. munist Aggression to testify on his obser­ General Dalnoki-Veress, and some other Since the presence of an enormous Soviet vations in that unhappy country, he made units in Budapest still loyal to the Regent, occupation force excluded any possibility of some points about Hungary's political life Horthy managed to arrest an attempt by democratic and lawful development, Gen­ which are worth calling to the attention some Nazi groups, planned for the 6th of eral Dalnoki-Veress and thousands of other .of the present generation (as quoted from July, to "deliver" the Jewish population of Hungarian pa.traits expended their war-time pages 36 and 37 of the 325-page House docu­ Budapest (more than a quarter of a million underground organization called "Hungarian ment entitled "Communist Occupation o! people) to Nazi Germany. Community", waiting for the signing of the Hungary"): The forceful moves of the Regent and his peace treaty according to which all oc.:!upa­ "In the 8 years that I spent in Hungary as men wore down the pro-Nazi government, tion forces were supposed to leave Hungary. representative of our Government I was al­ and, following the shock caused by the Ro­ However, the Communist Party, under di­ ways mystified as to why Hungary had such manian about-face of August 23, 1944, Horthy rect orders from Moscow, suddenly "unveil­ a bad press in the United States and was so managed to get Hitler's consent to form ed" this "anti-constitutional and anti­ misunderstood. I came to the conclusion another cabinet. On the surface, this was democratic conspiracy" and, by merciless that this was due to the fact that they knew also a pro-German government, but the key personal attacks, forced the Government and and cared so little about propaganda, of ministers were selected from among the loyal other leaders of the majority parties to sacri­ which their neighbors were masters ..." followers of the Regent. fice the "conspirators", that is, their own "Hungary was a democracy and the Regent Horthy finally could progress with his plans political and social backbone. The most bru­ occupied about the same position as the to prepare for a move similar to that of the tal methods of blackmail and tortffi·e in the Queen does in England. They had labor un­ Romanians. However, his situation was com­ cellars of the Communist political police ions and their advance in industrial labor, pletely different. By then, Hungary was in­ headquarters resulted, as expected, in "t -n­ considering their handicaps, was as great as undated by the remnants of several retreat­ sational"' confessions which were followed by ours, and in·a sense more secure. Their sci­ ing German armies, totaling some 500,000. harsh sentences. Among other patriots, Gen­ entific achievements are well known and to­ Hungary's own forces, in a variety of barely eral Dalnokl-Veress was given a death sen­ day many of our top atomic scientists are controllable situations, became engaged tence; it was changed, however, by the Presi­ Hungarian." against the invading Soviet army units as dent of the Republic of Hungary to life im­ "They had complete freedom of religion. well as against the Romanians. Also a:; the prisonment. After more than nine years spent There was no state church. On the contrary, only trespass to Hitler's army in the Balkans, in the Communist prison, General Dalnoki­ the state supported all the churches, Catho­ Hungary was regarded as high priority "prop­ Veress was liberated by the Freedom Fighters lic, Protestant, Jewish, and so forth ... erty" by the German military commanders. on October 23, 1956. There was no racial question. On the con­ After having dispatched several representa­ Nobody, including General Dalnoki-Veress trary, Hungary was a refuge for thousands tives to the Western Allies, and, finally, also himself, had expected that the most import­ of Jews during the time of their persecution to Moscow, the Regent broadcast a proclama­ ant services of this eminent miltiary leader by Hitler and other countries. More than tion for a general armistice. Simultaneously, who achieved the highest military rank open 750,000 found refuge there. Hungary's sym­ orders were given to the commanders of the to him in his own country, that of a three­ pathy for the Allies was so pronounced that two Hungarian armies in Eastern Hungary, star general, would be rendered abroad, long during my stay there I wondered how they one of them commanded by General Dalnoki­ after he finished his military career in his dared be so open about it." Veress, to join their forces with the Soviet homeland. This "openness" did not miss the attention army already advancing on Hungarian terri­ Immediately after the tragic ending of of Hitler's military and civilian observers in tory. The other commander, General Miklos, the Hungarian uprising in 1956, the idea of Hungary. Neither did they miss recognizing managed to reach the Soviet lines, but Gen­ a world organization of these who fought certain changes in the top military positions eral Dalnoki-Veress was immediately a1Tested against the Soviets in that great event was of the Hungarian army which, by smart ma­ by a pro-German officers' group, sharing the born almost simultaneously in Chicago and neuvering on the part of Horthy and Kallay, fate of Horthy and many of his supporters in Paris. After five years of initial difficulties and became gradually occupied by independent, Budapest and in various parts of the country soul searching, the general assembly of the often openly anti-German generals. This who became Hitler's prisoners. Subsequently, "World Federation of Hungarian Freedom group included General Lajos Da.Inoki-Veress, several of Horthy's men were killed or exe­ Fighters", held in Buffalo, New York, in 1961, by 1944 Commanding General of the 2nd cuted by firing squads. General Dalnoki­ elected as its president General Lajos Dal­ Hungarian Army in Transylvania, with the Veress was sentenced for 15 years imprison­ noki-Veress, then residing in London. particular distinction that, in case of the ment by a Nazi court. However, he was able This election is regarded, in retrospect, as arrest or death of Regent Horthy at the to get away from a. column of prisoners as the most important event in the history of hands of Hitler's agents, he will direct, as they were marched to Germany. Soon he was the post-1956 Hungarian emigration. Within appointed head-of-state (homo regius) and captured by the Russians and held in an a few months, the General arrive 4 in the designated Prime Minister, the country's mil­ internment camp in Hungary till April, 1945. United States and launched methodical c,r­ itary struggle against Nazi Germany, and the As British historian Carlile A. Macartney ganizational work which, in fact, marked the negotiations for a separate peace treaty for observed in his "A History of Hungary, 1929- creation of the World Federation of Hungar­ Hungary. 1945.. , the best work ever written on this ian Freedom Fighters as it exists today. As stated also by Ambassador Montgomery, turbulent period of Hungarian history, Gen­ Through his extensive correspondence from "when the war started, the Hungarian Gov­ eral Dalnoki-Veress was the only Hungarian his headquarters in Passaic, New Jersey, then ernment thought that as soon as the Allied general who made serious attempts, both in in New York City, and later, for the longest Army came near they woUld surrender but the spring and in the fall upheavals in 1944 period (1965-1970) in Washington, D.C., and as it progressed and there was no army to to undertake the necessary moves for a mili­ through his travels across the United States surrender to, they sent missions to Ankara tary action against the Germans. and Canada, the General succeeded ln bring­ and Rome to find some way out but without No wonder that after his release from ing into the organization many of the more success." Russian captivity in 1945, General Dalnoki­ than 80,000 Hungarians who were admitted These preparations to leave Hitler's "inner Veress soon became a center figure of na­ as immigrants to the United States and Can­ fortress" were reported by a German agent tional resistance. ada. in the wake of the 1956 uprising. employed at the British Embassy in Ankara, Hungary's post-World War II situation was Aside from his organizational talents, the 21104 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 28, 1976 General was also very successful as an Hungrians» which, in the same way as lt ts Wea Barthelmes personlfted. the best on "ombudsman" for Hungarians living in North being conducted by the "Coorc:Unating Com• OBpltol Hlll, where there are so many hard­ America and other parts of the world. There mlttee of Hungarian Organizations in North working, dedicated people. is hardly any major settlement of Hungar­ America", provides a forum for the discus­ ians where Lajos Dalnokl-Veress had not paid sion of political issues important for Hun­ a visit, everywhere urging Hungarians to set­ garians whenever the need arises. tle their differences, to develop local programs In the course of the 1970's, Genera.I DM­ for cooperation with other Hungarian groups, nok1-Veress was also in charge of the prepa­ PERSONAL EXPLANATION organizations, churches and associations, as ration of a 3-volume work, the history of well as with other, non-Hungarian refugee Hungary's national defense and the coun­ groups from Europe's conquered and op­ try's military participation in the Second HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER pressed countries. Although he was an out­ World War. It was the energy, the persistent OF COLORADO spoken critic, his advice was usually heeded. will and scholarship of General Da.Inoki­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He was a man born to be a leader; this was Veres.s which enebled the editorial commit­ one of the keys to his success with men. tee to conclude this 1200-page work, the great Monday, June 28, 1976 His other secret was his ability to estab­ values of which will be recognized increas ­ Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, on lish friendship and develop lasting bonds of ingly by historians as the years pass. the afternoon of June 15, 1976, I was loyalty among his followers. Based upon his When, in 1973, the then 84-year-old Gen­ many years spent in high positions as well eral submitted his resignation from the absent. Had I been present I would have as under the worst human conditions in presidency of the World Federation of Hun­ voted as follows: postwar Hungary, he had been careful in the garian Fr eedom Fighters, the Federation's Rollcall No. 380, "yea." selection of his staff. Almost everyone among World Congress (the second held in Wash-· Rollcall No. 381, "yea." the present leaders of the World Federation lngton) elected him honorary president Rollcall No. 382, "yea." of Hungarian Freedom Fighters was invited without a single dissenting vote. by him to accept responsible assignments in From my personal contacts with In&ny the Federation; the unquestionable success prominent leaders in the American Hungar­ and strength of the organization are proofs ian community, I have first-hand knowledge RISING INFLATION DEMONSTRATES that General La.jos Dalnok1-Veress has been of the consensus regarding the importance NEED FOR H.R. 50 a good judge of human nature and character of this eminent Hungarian patriot who has in the emigration also. just passed away. I know that he was one or Another important factor in his continu­ the best his country has produced during HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS ous success with his former compatriots (be­ these last decades, and that his memory will sides his close contacts to Admiral Mik16s be enshrined in the hearts of Hungarians all OF CALIFORNli Horthy, and his own high military rank over t he world. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which was never compromised by any shady Monday, June 28, 1976 deal or treason), was his great ability to create an atmosphere of peace and mutual Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, in the trust among the various factions of the WES BARTHELMES largest I-month increase since Ocrober Freedom Fighters and the representatives of 1975, inflation rose 0.6 percent in May. earlier groups of Hungarian "displaced per­ This indicates an annual rate of 7.4 per sons." The circumstance that he selected HON. RICHARD BOLLING his immediate staff in the Federation, know­ cent, and is approxmiately 2 % times the ingly and purposefully, with the intent that OF MISSOURI inflation rate of the first 3 months of it should reftect a balanced representation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this year. Accelerating inflation of the of the social background of all post-war Monday, June 28, 1976 type experienced in the last 3 months Hungarian emigree groups, contributed de­ clearly demonstrates a need for the Full cidedly to the strength of the organization Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, Wes Bar­ Employment and Balanced Growth Act. all over the world. thelmes, a friend, and known to many H.R. 50's anti-infiation policies would His personal contacts and cooperation with on Capitol Hill as an exceptional staff the Free World representatives of the cap­ diagnose the causes of inflation and de­ tive nations of the Soviet orbit were the best assistant and eminent newspaperman, termine appropriate solutions. H.R. 50 throughout all the years of his leadership. met an untimely death last week at age seeks to reduce and restrain inflation During his years in Washington. D.C., he 54. It is fitting that Members of the while achieving full employment and developed excellent contacts with the lead­ House and Senate took the :floor to eulo­ balanced growth. Only H.R. 50 provides ers of the Baltic, Czechoslovak, Polish, gize this outstanding public servant. the framework for rational development Ukrainian, and other refugee organizations. Joe Mc Caffrey in his June 25 radio of feasible, coordinated economic pro­ Even closer were his ties with a number of broadcast spoke of the unique qualities grams designed t;o combat the twin evils members in the Congress, both in the Senate of Wes Barthelmes, "one of the best con­ and the House of Representatives. In 1960, of inflation and unemployment. The he was introduced to John F. Kennedy and gressional staff members" known to him Washington Post of June 23 contains an Richard M. Nixon. Sena.tor Everett Dirksen in his 30 years on capitol Hill. I want to article written by James L. Rowe, Jr., was a much treasured friend, so were Sena­ share Joe MeCaffrey's tribute to Wes which details the most recent Labor De­ tors Thurmond, Brooke and several others. Barthelmes with colleagues, his friends, partment statistics on infiation. The As documented by numerous addresses de­ and family: article follows: livered by members of the Congress and in­ WES BARTHELMES [From the Washington Post, June 23, 1976) serted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the po­ Congress and everything and everyone CONSUMER PRICES CLrMB 0.6 PERCENT IN MAY litical and moral heritage left by the 1956 connected with Congress a.re now under fire Hungarian Revolution was honored and kept (By James L. Rowe, Jr.) alive by the legislative body of the United and beca.use of th.a.t the good members and highly capable staff people are being over­ Consumer prices jumped 0.6 per cent in States Government during and since the looked. May, seeming to bear out administration leadership of General Dalnoki-Veress. I was hit with that thought suddenly, warnings that the low lnftation rate early This always respectable, indefatigable and shockingly yesterday when I learned of t.he this year could not be susta.ined. cheerful man was reelected five times as death of Wes Barthelmes, one of the best The Labor Department reported a big president of the World Federation or Hun­ Congressional staff members I have known surge in fOOd prices as well as increases in garian Freedom Fighters. His public ad­ In my 30 years on the Hill. gasoline a.nd apparel costs that sent the con­ dresses and articles published in the Hun­ A former Washington Post reporter and sumer price index on its biggest one-month garian emlgree press were of great lnftuence editor, Barthelmes had worked with Richard climb since October. upon his countrymen. His presence in the Bolling, Edith Green. Frank Church and a.t It was the third month in a row that con­ World Congresses or the Hungarian Freedom the time of his death was administrative sumer price increases accelerated. If con­ Fighters (in Bad-Godesberg in 1962, in assistant to Delaware's Joe Biden. sumer prices continue to rise 0.6 per cent a 1n 1964, 1967, Washington in Ottawa. in tn If there was a.n a.ward for the best all month "for the next 12 months, prices would London in 1970), and his participation in around Congressional staff person Wes Bar­ be 7.4 per cent higher next May. During Jan­ every national congress of the Hungarian thelmes would win the first one to be given uary, February and March retail prices rose Freedom Fighters' Federation-USA, held be­ out. at an annual Yate of 2.9 per cent. tween 1962 and 1970, established a.n example He \V as a model for others in the business: In metropolitan Washington, prices rose unmatched even by those many years he had a keen political insight, he was dedi­ 1.8 per cent in the three months ending in younger. cated, his integrity unquestioned. May. Sharp increases in the cost of clothing, In 1970, when he returned to England, More than anything else, he knew Con­ used ca.rs and household services such as General Dalnokl-Veress continued his or­ gress, not just how to get things done, but maintenance, property insurance and tele­ ganizational activities in Europe and rein­ whether some things could be done a.t a.11, phones led the rise. forced the network of the Freedom Fighters realizing that if they couldn't, then the Food prices rose 0.4 per cent with grocery in several European countries. He also energy should be shifted to things that could prices declining 0.3 per cent and restaurant founded the "European Congress of Free bo accomplished. prices rising 2.2 per cent. June 29, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 21105

"Just as the ~derlying rate of inflation think was the cause of the severe 1974-75 a year ago. That means that a basket of was understated in the first quarter because recession. goods or services that cost consumers $10 of declining food and tuel prices, the 7 .4 per Administration critics charge that with an in 1967 cost $16.92 Ia.st month. cent rate in May is too large to be sustained," unemployment rate of 7.3 per cent and sub­ The biggest May food price climb occurred said senior Treasury Department e~onomist stantial excess capacity in much of indus­ in beef prices. But in recent weeks cattle Herman I. Liebling. try, the country would run llttle risk of re­ prices have stabilized, which should hold Maynard COmlez, acting chief economist newing inflation by more stimulative eco­ down future price increases at the super­ at the Department of Commerce, said the nomic policies. market. underlying inflation rate appears to be a.bout Nevertheless, the broad acceleration of con­ The Labor Department reported that in­ 6 per cent. That is lower than the 7 per cent sumer price increases was sharper than ex­ creases "for pork and poultry were consider­ price rise in 1975 and the giant 12.2 per cent pected and would worry both administration ably larger than in April and prices of cereal surge in 1974. economists and their critics if it continues. and bakery products moved up for the first But it is still well above the inflation rate Food prices, which fell for the first three time in four months." Fruit.s and vegetable in most of the last 30 years-both boom months of the year, climbed 1 per cent in prices fell. periods and recession times. May, while nonfood commodities such as Gasoline prices rose for the first time since As the year-old recovery continues, the clothing, gasoline and appliances rose 0.6 October and the price of apparel jumped. upward pressure on prices can be expected to per cent after three consecutive months of The Labor Department said that the "prices increase as less-efficient plant capacity is rising 0.3 per cent. of other commodities such as fuel oil, houses brought into production to meet rising de­ and new cars also rose more in May than in Only services declined, from a 0.5 per cent April." mand. rise in April to a 0.4 per cent climb in May. President Ford and his economic advisers The cost of services was rising much more All percentage increases are adjusted to slowly than earlier this year. There was a have argued that because inflation 1s a con­ account for normal sea.sonal variations. The big increase in gas and electric rates, a de­ stant danger, the nation must be careful consumer price index itself, which 1s not cline in mortgage interest rates (which ap­ a.bout overstimulating the economy for fear seasonally adjusted, stood at 169.2 per cent pear to be turning around again) and a of rekindling heavy inflation, which they of its 1967 average, 6.2 per cent higher than continued moderation in hospital costs. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, June 29, 1976 The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. REV. MR. CECU. BISHOP Mr. ROUSSELOT. Is this from 10 Rev. Cecil Bishop, John Wesley AME