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Presidential Effort and International Outcomes: Evidence for An
Presidential Effort and International Outcomes: Evidence for an Executive Bottleneck David Lindsey and William Hobbs Abstract In this paper, we identify and test an implication of the claim that chief executives are uniquely effective diplomatic actors. To the extent that a leader's time is valuable and non-substitutable, there will always be more diplomatic problems that could ben- efit from a leader's scarce time than he or she can possibly address. This executive bottleneck should tighten when the opportunity cost of spending time on diplomacy rises, leading to decreased time spent on diplomacy and a consequent reduction in out- come quality. Using newly-collected data, we test for the existence of this bottleneck in American foreign policy. We demonstrate a large, persistent decrease in presidential time spent on foreign policy immediately prior to presidential elections and show that this corresponds to a substantial increase in the level of conflict within the Ameri- can bloc, where our framework predicts an indicative effect. We rule out prominent competing explanations for this distraction-conflict link. Forthcoming, Journal of Politics Replication files are available in the JOP Data Archive on Dataverse (http://thedata.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/jop). Supplementary material for this article is available in an online appendix. A recent body of research investigates the influence of individual leaders on foreign policy both directly, through the selection of particular policies, and indirectly, through influence over the bureaucracy and the national agenda (Downs and Rocke, 1994; Wood and Peake, 1998; Edwards and Wood, 1999; Peake, 2001; Byman and Pollack, 2001; Cohen, 2002; Dar- den, 2010; Chiozza and Goemans, 2011; Jervis, 2013). -
Die US-Amerikanische First Lady Und Die Inszenierung Der Präsidentenehe in Den Wahlkämpfen 1964 - 1996
Die US-amerikanische First Lady und die Inszenierung der Präsidentenehe in den Wahlkämpfen 1964 - 1996 Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophischen Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Detlef Junker Zweitgutachter: PD Dr. Philipp Gassert Vorgelegt von Christine Weiss Isländische Str. 1 10439 Berlin Tel: 0163 3388109 Email: [email protected] Inhalt iii Inhalt Abbildungsverzeichnis.............................................................................................v Abkürzungsverzeichnis..........................................................................................vii A Einleitung........................................................................................................9 B Die First Ladys in den Wahlkämpfen 1964 - 1996....................................18 B 1 Die First Ladys in den Wahlkämpfen vor 1964......................................20 B 2 Lady Bird Johnson: Der Wahlkampf 1964.............................................33 B 2.1 Kurzbiographie ..............................................................................33 B 2.2 Der Wahlkampf 1964.....................................................................34 B 3 Pat Nixon: Die Wahlkämpfe 1968 und 1972..........................................50 B 3.1 Kurzbiographie ..............................................................................51 B 3.2 Der Wahlkampf 1968.....................................................................51 B 3.3 Der Wahlkampf 1972.....................................................................55 -
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} All the Presidents' Spokesmen Spinning the News--White House Press Secretaries from Franklin D
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} All the Presidents' Spokesmen Spinning the News--White House Press Secretaries from Franklin D. Roos All the Presidents' Spokesmen: Spinning the News--White House Press Secretaries from Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush by Woody Klein. Our systems have detected unusual traffic activity from your network. Please complete this reCAPTCHA to demonstrate that it's you making the requests and not a robot. If you are having trouble seeing or completing this challenge, this page may help. If you continue to experience issues, you can contact JSTOR support. Block Reference: #1db46670-d05d-11eb-b398-59eaa6d63de7 VID: #(null) IP: 116.202.236.252 Date and time: Fri, 18 Jun 2021 17:46:31 GMT. All the Presidents' Spokesmen: Spinning the News--White House Press Secretaries from Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush by Woody Klein. Our systems have detected unusual traffic activity from your network. Please complete this reCAPTCHA to demonstrate that it's you making the requests and not a robot. If you are having trouble seeing or completing this challenge, this page may help. If you continue to experience issues, you can contact JSTOR support. Block Reference: #1dea91a0-d05d-11eb-8d70-b5a0cc168032 VID: #(null) IP: 116.202.236.252 Date and time: Fri, 18 Jun 2021 17:46:31 GMT. Definition of Spin in Propaganda. Spin is a contemporary term for a form of propaganda that relies on deceptive methods of persuasion. In politics, business, and elsewhere, spin is often characterized by exaggeration, euphemisms, inaccuracies, half-truths, and excessively emotional appeals. A person who composes and/or communicates spin is referred to as a spin doctor. -
Pearl Jam Evolution
1 “L’uomo dalle parole d’oro” “I Pearl Jam sono migliori di quasi ogni altra band nella storia che abbia avuto quell’ enorme tipo di successo, l'hanno gestito in modo davvero eloquente. Penso che ciò rappresenti un grande esempio per gli altri musicisti di come sia davvero possibile controllare l’attenzione dei media. Penso siano riusciti a restare vitali. I dischi che hanno fatto non hanno necessariamente attratto lo stesso numero di fans di Ten, ma hanno comunque attratto un sacco di persone. Hanno venduto milioni di dischi senza dover fare video e senza dover fare una campagna pubblicitaria esagerata per ogni album.” (Chris Cornell) Stato di Washington, primi anni Ottanta. I complessi più amati dai ragazzi americani in quegli anni sono veloci, aggressive ed arrabbiate hardcore punk band come i Black Flag, i Minor Threat o i Dead Kennedys. Proprio questi ultimi, capitanati dall’istrionico Jello Biafra, giungono a Seattle nell’Ottobre 1984. Quella stessa sera, ad aprire il loro concerto c’è una band locale composta da musicisti che dopo pochi anni diventeranno personaggi chiave del sound di Seattle. Si tratta dei Green River. Fanno parte dei Green River: il cantante Mark Arm, il chitarrista Steve Turner, il batterista Alex Vincent, il bassista Jeff Ament e l’altro chitarrista, Stone Gossard. Il futuro chitarrista ritmico dei Pearl Jam nasce il 20 Luglio 1966 a Seattle. Da ragazzo vive sempre a Seattle insieme ai genitori, due avvocati di successo, e alle due sorelle, Shelley e Star. I suoi genitori, democratici convinti, lo mandano ad una scuola superiore alternativa e multiculturale, la Northwest School, dove le lezioni di storia includono discussioni prolungate sul coinvolgimento degli Stati Uniti negli assassinii politici. -
December 2011 Final For
Gerald R. Ford Presidential Foundation Newsletter December 2011 Justice John Paul Stevens 2011 William E. Simon Lecture in Public Affairs September 29, 2011 Susan Ford Bales and Foundation Trustee Steve Van Andel present bust of President Ford to Justice John Paul Stevens at the William E. Simon Lecture. Liz Cheney and Foundation Trustee Dick Cheney Foundation Trustee Jim Baker Foundation Trustee Frank Zarb Andrea Mitchell Foundation News Gerald R. Ford Letter from the Foundation Executive Director, Presidential Foundation Joseph S. Calvaruso BOARD OF TRUSTEES Steven M. Ford Chairman Congratulations to Elaine Didier, A special thanks to luncheon spon- Important Policy Hank Meijer Director of the Library and Museum, sors Amway, Mercantile Bank, and Failure: Energy.” Vice-Chairman and her team for 30 years of dedica- Thomas Cooley Law School, as well Ron Nessen, Red Cavaney tion to the Legacy of President Ford. as numerous table sponsors. Justice President Press Secretary to President Ford, A number of the staff have been Stevens’ remarks are published in recalled his time with the Ford Martin J. Allen, Jr. here all thirty years: David Horrock, this newsletter in their entirety. Chairman Emeritus Administration in presentations at Supervisory Archivist; Kenneth Hafeli, Justice Stevens has also recently Gregory D. Willard both the Library and Museum. Archivist; William McNitt, Archivist; published a new book, “A Supreme Secretary David Hoogendoorn Barbara McGregor, Education Court Memoir: Five Chiefs.” A big thanks goes out to Foundation Trustees and members of the Ford Treasurer Specialist; and Ron Krussell, Security Foundation Trustee Dick Cheney, Administration for speaking at the John G. Baab Officer. -
Jessica Sommerfeldt Senior Seminar Professor Bernstein December 19, 2017 Who's Afraid of Gerald Ford? How a Forgotten Presiden
Sommerfeldt 1 Jessica Sommerfeldt Senior Seminar Professor Bernstein December 19, 2017 Who’s Afraid of Gerald Ford? How a Forgotten Presidency Taught a Wounded Nation How to Forgive On April 4th, 2006, famed journalist and investigator Bob Woodward took the stage to address the audience at the University of Michigan’s Ford Library. “Be careful about judging and predicting when things will happen,” he advised. “Maybe it will look different in five years or more—try to stick to the facts.” Then he made a statement that the younger Bob Woodward would never have dreamed of saying: “I concluded that the pardon was the right thing for Ford to do—the sensible thing to do—and the courageous thing to do.”1 The pardon he was referring to, of course, was the one that followed what would forever be known as Woodward’s most shining achievement: after two years of spearheading the investigation of the Watergate wiretapping scandal alongside his partner, Carl Bernstein, President Richard Nixon was forced to resign from office, the first—and thus far, only— president to do so. One month later, on September 8, 1974, Nixon’s former vice president and successor, Gerald Ford, issued Nixon a blanket pardon for all offenses he had committed “or may have committed” over the course of his tenure as Chief Executive. Both reporters were inflamed, with Bernstein lamenting that “the son of the bitch pardoned the son of a bitch.” Five 1 Tian Lee, “Woodward: President Ford Knew What Needed to be Done,” (The University Record Online, April 10, 2006). -
Pearl Jam; Ten Past
Pearl Jam TEN PAST TEN: La historia completa FANS DEL DEPORTE: La conexión Pearl Jam - Deportes PEARL JAM LINKS MAXIMUN ROCK AND ROLL La cinta de mezclas de Pearl Jam definitiva Ten Past Ten Pearl Jam · Ten Past Ten Página 1 Indice Ten Past Ten: La historia completa. Intro..............................................................................3 1990: Prehistoria..........................................................5 1991: Given to fly march…………………………….9 1992: Why go home?……………………………….12 1993-94: Dejando sangre...........................................17 1995: Push me, pull me..............................................23 1996-99: Even flow....................................................26 2000: Gods’ dice.........................................................30 2001: Present tense.....................................................34 Seguidores del Deporte. La conexión Pearl Jam – Deportes..36 Maximun Rock And Roll La cinta de mezclas definitiva de Pearl Jam................................................................38 Pearl Jam Links..................................................................….41 Pearl Jam · Ten Past Ten Página 2 HA PASADO UNA DÉCADA DESDE QUE PEARL JAM LANZÓ TEN, EL CUAL VENDIÓ 11 MILLONES DE COPIAS Y DIO AL ROCK DURO UN TRANSPLANTE DE CORAZÓN. EN UN EXCLUSIVO REMEMORAMIENTO, LA BANDA Y MULTITUD DE COMPAÑEROS LO REPASAN TODO, DESDE EL CENSURADO VÍDEO DE “JEREMY” Y LOS PROBLEMAS INTERNOS HASTA LA TRAGEDIA DE ROSKILDE Y EL CAMINO A SEGUIR. UNA HISTORIA ORAL DE UNA BANDA QUE SE PREOCUPA. Personajes -
U2 at the End of the World – Português – Capítulos 41-60
41. Dublinenses por que joyce teve de deixar a irlanda para escrever ulysses / a carruagem com gavin friday em cima / u2 se transforma nos virgin prunes / por isso win wenders / domingo na tenda com bono Bono conheceu Salman Rushdie devido ao interesse em comum por uma guerra orquestrada por Reagan, contra o governo marxista da Nicarágua. Eles visitaram o país simultaneamente no verão de 1986. Eles não se encontraram na época, mas continuaram ouvindo falar um sobre o outro enquanto viajavam. Um dia, a intérprete de Rushdie veio sem fôlego falar para ele: “Você nunca vai adivinhar quem está vindo! Sabe quem? Bono!”. Então ela se acalmou e disse: “Desculpe - Quem é Bono?” Mais tarde, Bono leu o livro de Rushdie sobre a sua viagem à América Central, O Sorriso do Jaguar, e ficou impressionado o suficiente para convidar o escritor para um show do U2. Eu contei a Rushdie que no voo para a Itália, mês passado, eu estava lendo sua coletânea Imaginary Homelands. Quando eu li esse ensaio sobre Raymond Carver, fiquei impressionado com uma linha do poema “Suspenders” que Rushdie citou sobre o “silêncio que chega numa casa onde ninguém consegue dormir”. Isso claramente inspirou o verso de Bono em “Ultra Violet (Light My Way)”: “Há um silêncio que chega na nossa casa quando ninguém consegue dormir”. Carver foi uma inspiração para as letras de The Joshua Tree, então não foi uma grande surpresa que o U2 o tivesse citado novamente. Porém, quando eu mencionei a referência feita por Bono, ele disse: “Ah, merda! Eu não me dei conta disso! Eu devo ter lido isso e esquecido. -
Eddie Vedder
Eddie Vedder Eddie Vedder Información personal Nombre real Edward Louis Severson III 23 de diciembre de 1964 Nacimiento 46 años Evanston, Illinois, Estados Origen Unidos Compositor Ocupación Vocalista Guitarrista Información artística Eddie Vedder Alias Wes C. Addle Jerome Turner Grunge, Hard Rock, Folk Rock Género(s) (carrera en solitario) Voz Instrumento(s) Guitarra Ukelele Epic Records, J Records, Discográfica(s) Monkeywrench Pearl Jam Artistas Temple Of The Dog relacionados Bad Radio Web Sitio web www.pearljam.com Miembros Jeff Ament Matt Cameron Stone Gossard Mike McCready Edward Louis Severson III (n. 23 de diciembre de 1964), más conocido como Eddie Vedder es el vocalista principal, compositor y líder del grupo de Grunge estadounidense Pearl Jam 1 . Desde 1990, también ha tocado la guitarra en algunas de las canciones de Pearl Jam. Además, toca otros diversos instrumentos, incluyendo el ukelele, la batería y la armónica. Como artista, Vedder ha aportado canciones a proyectos ajenos a Pearl Jam, como bandas sonoras de películas, y ha realizado contribuciones en álbumes de otros músicos. El 2007, Vedder lanzó su primer álbum en solitario como una banda sonora para la película Into the Wild (2007)2 . Vedder fue considerado el vigésimo tercer mejor vocalista de Heavy Metal en su lista de los 100 mejores vocalistas de Heavy Metal de todos los tiempos de la revista Rolling Stone y Hit Parade. Contenido [ocultar] • 1 Biografía o 1.1 Carrera Musical o 1.2 Temple of the Dog o 1.3 Pearl Jam o 1.4 Hacia rutas salvajes • 2 Premios o 2.1 Globo de Oro • 3 Referencias [editar] Biografía Antes de formar parte de Pearl Jam, Vedder, fue vocalista de la banda Temple Of The Dog en el álbum homónimo. -
Conversation Number 504-15
1 NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF Tape Subject Log Abuse of Governmental Power (AOGP) Segments (rev. 10/02) Conversation Number 504-15 Portion of a conversation between the President, John D. Ehrlichman, H. R. Haldeman, and Henry A. Kissinger. This portion was recorded on May 27, 1971 at an unknown time between 5:56 pm and 6:38 pm in the President's Oval Office. The National Archives and Records Administration prepared the following log of this conversation. [Segment 2] Leaks -National security tap on Gerard Smith -Subpoena -Surveillance ∴ [PROCESSING NOTE: WITHDRAWAL NO. 18 HAS BEEN DECLASSIFIED IN FULL] -Richard M. Helms [ -Breaking the law -Photographs -Surveillance operations -Government -Private person -New York Times -John Finney -Who's leaking 2 NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF Tape Subject Log Abuse of Governmental Power (AOGP) Segments (rev. 10/02) Conversation Number 534-2 Portions of a conversation between the President, H. R. Haldeman and Henry A. Kissinger. These portions were recorded on July 1, 1971 at an unknown time between 8:45 and 9:52 a.m. in the President's Oval Office. The National Archives and Records Administration prepared the following log of this conversation. [Segment 2] [P, HRH] Pentagon Papers -Handling of case by someone for the White House -Charles T. Huston -Richard V. Allen -Henry E. Petersen -Comparison to the President's involvement in the Hiss case -Leaks -J. Edgar Hoover -John N. Mitchell -Ehrlichman -Orchestration of effort to leak information -Purposes -Declassification -Political benefits -Vietnam -Distraction from current issues -Focus on previous administrations -Type of person needed to handle the case ∴ [PROCESSING NOTE: NAME CHANGE] -Whittaker Chambers [ -Qualities required -Huston -Presidential involvement 3 NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF Tape Subject Log Abuse of Governmental Power (AOGP) Segments (rev. -
MEETINGS Next at IABC Fort Worth ... Keep in Touch
Each logo in the ad rail links to the sponsor’s website! Fort Worth Chapters e 2 3 SEPTEMBER 2015 • Back issues • Advertise • Photo Archive =========================================================haser MEETINGS NextC at IABC Fort Worth ... Keep in touch — website, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn. ----- Next at Greater Fort Worth PRSA ... Ethical Decision-Making for PR — and for Life Anybody can memorize a code of ethics, but do you really know how to make ethical decisions? At the September meeting, sponsored by the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, Samra Bufkins, APR, will present a solid framework for making sure your business decisions will be ethical, regardless of what code of ethics you follow. Bufkins supervises PR internships and is a lecturer in strategic communications at the UNT Mayborn School of Journalism, where she teaches the capstone course in ethics required of all PR and advertising majors and the capstone public relations strategic planning course. She was named the 2014 Honor Professor, an award presented by the Student Government Association to faculty for exceptional merit. She developed and still teaches the first strategic social media class at UNT, bringing in nationally known speakers and technical experts. Her teaching philosophy combines theory with practice while mentoring students as if they were junior employees of her PR firm or corporate communications department. She is the faculty adviser to the PRSSA chapter and Alpha Tau Omega fraternity, and social media adviser to the NT Daily and Swoop, the student-run advertising and public relations agency. Accredited since 1996, Bufkins has more than 25 years of strategic communications experience in the health care, environmental, energy, petrochemical, shipping and electricity industries. -
A Workbook for the President-Elect
Hess MEMORANDUM To: The President-elect From: Stephen Hess Subject: What Do We Do Now? Congratulations on your victory! Now it’s time to get down to work. In the eleven short weeks until Inauguration Day, you must construct a government nearly from scratch. Making the transition from campaigning to governing is See a tricky business, as many of your predecessors have learned the hard way. To get off to a fast start, let me walk you through some of the myriad decisions that await you. What distinctive qualities do you need to look for in your chief of staff, press secretary, and the other top White House positions? White House Organizational Chart. How should you parcel out office space? Floor plans of the West Wing included. How can you construct a Cabinet that “looks like America”? See enclosed Cabinet charts. When choosing the length, style, tone, and theme Checkof your out inaugural photos of address, your four consult options. the analysis of what other presidents have done. What desk do you want A WORKBOOK FOR to sit behind in the Oval Office? Remember: This is an interactive workbook and you will have to work your THE PRESIDENT-ELECT way through case studies to avoid the mistakes of past presidents. Stephen Hess has advised on every transition since he was a young “ Hess’s workbook is a must for the aide to President Eisenhower. He is incoming administration. He touches senior fellow emeritus in Governance on everything from decorating the Studies at the Brookings Institution Oval Office, dodging Cabinet nomina- and Distinguished Research Professor of Media tion fights, and penning a memorable and Public Affairs at George Washington Univer- inaugural address to firing bumbling sity.