Pearl Jam Evolution

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Pearl Jam Evolution 1 “L’uomo dalle parole d’oro” “I Pearl Jam sono migliori di quasi ogni altra band nella storia che abbia avuto quell’ enorme tipo di successo, l'hanno gestito in modo davvero eloquente. Penso che ciò rappresenti un grande esempio per gli altri musicisti di come sia davvero possibile controllare l’attenzione dei media. Penso siano riusciti a restare vitali. I dischi che hanno fatto non hanno necessariamente attratto lo stesso numero di fans di Ten, ma hanno comunque attratto un sacco di persone. Hanno venduto milioni di dischi senza dover fare video e senza dover fare una campagna pubblicitaria esagerata per ogni album.” (Chris Cornell) Stato di Washington, primi anni Ottanta. I complessi più amati dai ragazzi americani in quegli anni sono veloci, aggressive ed arrabbiate hardcore punk band come i Black Flag, i Minor Threat o i Dead Kennedys. Proprio questi ultimi, capitanati dall’istrionico Jello Biafra, giungono a Seattle nell’Ottobre 1984. Quella stessa sera, ad aprire il loro concerto c’è una band locale composta da musicisti che dopo pochi anni diventeranno personaggi chiave del sound di Seattle. Si tratta dei Green River. Fanno parte dei Green River: il cantante Mark Arm, il chitarrista Steve Turner, il batterista Alex Vincent, il bassista Jeff Ament e l’altro chitarrista, Stone Gossard. Il futuro chitarrista ritmico dei Pearl Jam nasce il 20 Luglio 1966 a Seattle. Da ragazzo vive sempre a Seattle insieme ai genitori, due avvocati di successo, e alle due sorelle, Shelley e Star. I suoi genitori, democratici convinti, lo mandano ad una scuola superiore alternativa e multiculturale, la Northwest School, dove le lezioni di storia includono discussioni prolungate sul coinvolgimento degli Stati Uniti negli assassinii politici. Lì Gossard si diploma nel 1984. È proprio in quegli anni che il giovane Stone inizia ad appassionarsi ai dischi hard rock degli Aerosmith e decide di iniziare a suonare la chitarra. Stone: “ Le mie influenze sono state tanto rock e pop alla radio. Simon and Garfunkel e la disco. Non potevi fare a meno di essere influenzato dalla disco. Anche se non ti piaceva la disco, in quel periodo era dappertutto. Ho perso il punk inglese, non l’ho mai capito veramente finché non ho iniziato ad ascoltare i Sex Pistols nell’84 e allora ho detto ‘WOW, questa è una rock band’. Anche l’Heavy Metal era importante. I Motorhead erano la più grande band a Seattle, il ricordo fondamentale di quanto ti piacevano i Black Sabbath quando avevi 8 anni. ”. Insieme al suo compagno di classe Steve Turner forma i Ducky Boys, che si ispirano a gruppi come Black Flag e Misfits. È proprio Steve che introduce Stone alla musica punk rock. La band ha però vita breve, dura infatti solo un anno e nel 1983 si divide. La seconda band di Stone sono i March Of Crimes, insieme a Ben Shepherd (che ritroveremo nei Soundgarden) e a Pete Droge. Il gruppo pubblica un demo in cassetta nel 1985 contenente due canzoni: Soup Kitchen e Shades Of Gray . I March Of Crimes spesso suonano insieme ad un’altra band appena nata, i Melvins. “ Fottutamente grandi ” ricorda Matt Cameron, futuro batterista dei Soundgarden. “ Suonavano estremamente grezzi, ispirati al punk rock. Avevano veramente un suono abrasivo ”. Il più grande successo della band si concretizza nell’apertura di uno show dei G.B.H., seminale punk band inglese. Queste prime esperienze rappresentano le radici musicali del giovane Stone, che ricorda: “ Tutti erano in una band. Non c’era molto altro da fare a parte questo, nessuno aveva un contratto. Molti di noi non sapevano suonare! Cercavamo di mettere sul piatto qualsiasi cosa avessimo e questo ha creato alcune strane combinazioni di persone che suonavano insieme e tutti ci investivamo al massimo nel senso di ‘cosa hai da perdere?’ ”. Jeff Ament nasce invece il 3 Marzo 1963 ad Havre, in Montana, in un contesto totalmente diverso da quello del suo futuro amico e collega. Cresce a Big Sandy, sempre nel Montana, una piccola cittadina di sole 700 anime. Vive in condizioni modeste con il padre, autista di scuolabus e sindaco della città per quindici anni, e con il fratello Barry. Inizia a suonare il basso ispirato dal sound dei Ramones, dei Clash e dei Police. Sul finire degli anni Settanta va alle superiori a Big Sandy, si diploma nel 1981, dopodiché frequenta il college alla University of Montana a Missoula, dove si distingue per le sue doti sportive e segue un corso di graphic design. Il suo sport prediletto è il basket. Ament lascia il college all’inizio degli anni Ottanta e si trasferisce a Seattle per seguire le sue vere grandi passioni: la musica e le arti visive. Così Ament ricorda il difficile rapporto con suo padre in quegli anni: “ Lui era a favore di Nixon. Fino a 16 anni mio padre era il mio eroe... ”. L'opinione di Ament su suo padre cambia, così come cambiano le sue vedute politiche, quando inizia ad ascoltare le idee dissidenti dei gruppi hardcore punk di sinistra come i Dead Kennedys, i Millions of Dead Cops e i Crass. “ Il punk rock ”, dice Jeff “mi ha introdotto alla politica, in molti modi ”. Ament ammette di aver avuto sette o otto anni di conflitti brutali con suo padre proprio per le loro differenti opinioni politiche. Solo col passare degli anni i due si sono riconciliati e sono riusciti gradualmente a recuperare il rapporto. Nel 1982 Jeff fonda in Montana i Deranged Diction, insieme ad amici appassionati di punk, basket e skateboard (altra grande passione del bassista). Il chitarrista della band è Bruce Fairwather, che ritroveremo sia nei Green River che nei Mother Love Bone. I Deranged Diction nei loro set suonano sia materiale originale che cover di band come Circe Jerks, Dead Kennedys, Flipper e Black Flag. Nel 1983 pubblicano una cassetta autoprodotta intitolata No Art, No Cowboys, No Rules contenente nel lato A brani in studio e nel lato B canzoni tratte da vari live dell’epoca. Verso la fine del 1983, Jeff Ament lascia il college e si trasferisce a Seattle: è proprio in quella città che i gruppi hardcore che il bassista ama di più tengono i loro migliori live acts in quegli anni. Sempre a Seattle, nei primi anni Ottanta, diverse band si stanno formando motivate ed ispirate da questo movimento. Ament, ormai stanco del suo paese d’origine, troppo piccolo per le sue aspirazioni, capisce che è il momento di cambiare aria: prende basso, vinili, un po’ di vestiti, qualche libro e decide di andare a cercare fortuna nella grande città insieme ai suoi Deranged Diction. Dopo aver partecipato ad un paio di compilation, la band si divide nel 1984. Mark Arm ricorda: “ Il loro bassista era un grande fan dei SSD e saltava molto, così abbiamo pensato che parlandogli forse l'avremmo convinto a suonare con noi ”. Steve Turner: “ Così, dopo averlo conosciuto, gli ho chiesto, 'Hey Jeff, io e Mark stiamo mettendo su una band...' e lui ha detto: 'Ma per favore! Se non sapete nemmeno suonare!’ ”. Alla fine, Jeff si unisce alla band. I Green River si formano nel 1984, prendendo il nome da un serial killer della zona, l’assassino del Green River (dal nome del fiume che scorre a Puget Sound, pochi chilometri a sud di Seattle), salito alla ribalta delle cronache dell’epoca per i suoi efferati omicidi. Il sound dei Green River è un garage punk che prende tanto dagli Stooges di Iggy Pop quanto dai Sonics, una garage band di Seattle. Stone Gossard: “ Per molto tempo io e Jeff avremmo voluto essere nell’epoca degli Aerosmith, o di Iggy Pop o di David Bowie. Ma c’era qualcosa a Seattle che aggiungeva un elemento diverso, una specie di approccio garage .”. Jeff: “ Stavamo più che altro saccheggiando Black Flag, Motorhead e The Stooges. Penso che questo è ciò che ha finito per diventare grunge, quindi probabilmente dobbiamo alcune royalties di quell’epoca a Iggy, Lemmy e Greg Ginn! ”. Il punto di riferimento principale dei Green River risultano essere gli MC5, band di Detroit che sul finire degli anni Sessanta stabilì le linee di demarcazione tra il rock ed il punk. Non è un caso che, più di vent’anni dopo, proprio Mark Arm diventerà il cantante per alcuni show dei riformati MC5. Alla fine del 1984 i Green River cominciano a lavorare ad un EP, Come On Down , formato da 6 canzoni. Poco dopo la fine delle session, Steve Turner lascia la band per divergenze artistiche e viene rimpiazzato da Bruce Fairweather, ex chitarrista dei Deranged Diction. Come On Down è un disco davvero fondamentale nella storia del sound di Seattle (o del grunge che dir si voglia). Si apre con il brano che dà il nome all’EP: da un feedback infinito di chitarre arriva un urlo di Mark Arm, prima lontano e poi sempre più vicino. Il suono è molto grezzo, pare di sentire una band come i Black Sabbath strafatta di LSD che cerca di imitare i Discharge, con un vocalist che pare giochi ad emulare Iggy Pop. I testi sono dissacranti, adolescenziali e si prendono spesso gioco della cultura americana e delle sue paure. New God , il secondo pezzo in scaletta, è molto pesante, cita i Melvins e fa uso dei power chords per rendere più robusto il suono. Si arriva poi a Swallow My Pride , l’anthem dei Green River. Da tre accordi (o poco più) prende vita una canzone che verrà ripresa negli anni a venire sia dai Sonic Youth, alternative band di New York, che dai Soundgarden, concittadini dei Green River. Ride Of Your Life è un pezzo carino che si lascia dimenticare in fretta mentre Corner of my Eye è il pezzo più prettamente punk rock presente nell’esordio dei Green River: reminescenze dei Dead Boys, soprattutto nelle chitarre, ed un impasto sonoro che rievoca i tanto amati MC5.
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