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Political Performance and the War on Terror
The Shock and Awe of the Real: Political Performance and the War on Terror by Matthew Jones A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Matt Jones 2020 The Shock and Awe of the Real: Political Performance and the War on Terror Matt Jones Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies University of Toronto 2020 Abstract This dissertation offers a transnational study of theatre and performance that responded to the recent conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, and beyond. Looking at work by artists primarily from Arab and Middle Eastern diasporas working in the US, UK, Canada, and Europe, the study examines how modes of performance in live art, documentary theatre, and participatory performance respond to and comment on the power imbalances, racial formations, and political injustices of these conflicts. Many of these performances are characterized by a deliberate blurring of the distinctions between performance and reality. This has meant that playwrights crafted scripts from the real words of soldiers instead of writing plays; performance artists harmed their real bodies, replicating the violence of war; actors performed in public space; and media artists used new technology to connect audiences to real warzones. This embrace of the real contrasts with postmodern suspicion of hyper-reality—which characterized much political performance in the 1990s—and marks a shift in understandings of the relationship between performance and the real. These strategies allowed artists to contend with the way that war today is also a multimedia attack on the way that reality is constructed and perceived. -
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom: A First-Blush Assessment Andrew F. Krepinevich 1730 Rhode Island Avenue, NW, Suite 912 Washington, DC 20036 Operation Iraqi Freedom: A First-Blush Assessment by Andrew F. Krepinevich Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments 2003 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent public policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking about defense planning and investment strategies for the 21st century. CSBA’s analytic-based research makes clear the inextricable link between defense strategies and budgets in fostering a more effective and efficient defense, and the need to transform the US military in light of the emerging military revolution. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundation, corporate and individual grants and contributions, and government contracts. 1730 Rhode Island Ave., NW Suite 912 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 http://www.csbaonline.org ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank Steven Kosiak, Robert Martinage, Michael Vickers and Barry Watts, who reviewed several drafts of this report. Their comments and suggestions proved invaluable. Critical research assistance was provided by Todd Lowery. His support in chasing down numerous sources and confirming critical facts proved indispensable. Alane Kochems did a fine job editing and proofing the final report draft, while Alise Frye graciously helped craft the report’s executive summary. I am most grateful for their encouragement and support. Naturally, however, the opinions, conclusions and recommendations in this report are the sole responsibility of the author. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... I I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 II. STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS ........................................................................................ -
Asymmetric War: a Conceptual Understanding
Asymmetric War: A Conceptual Understanding M R Sudhir The conventional army loses if it does not win. The guerrilla wins if he does not lose. - Henry Kissinger, 1969 The term asymmetric war is a product of the revolution in military affairs (RMA). It can be taken as fresh jargon to distinguish the modern variant from traditional partisan and guerrilla war conducted by irregular bands using unconventional methods. In short, it is nothing new; only the cosmopolitan veneer is so. Since the Indian Army has vast experience dating to the pre- independence period in combating this form of warfare, there is no major cause for concern in being confronted with yet another outbreak of asymmetric warfare within the country or a new Americanism from military schools and think-tanks of a perplexed superpower. While understanding the term asymmetric war, an attempt is made here to see it in the Indian context, and to recommend measures to combat the same. Understanding Asymmetric War Definition The definition of ‘asymmetric warfare’ is best borrowed from the US from where the term has originated. The 1999 Joint Strategy Review specifically defines “asymmetry as something done to military forces to undermine their conventional military strength.” Asymmetric approaches are attempts to circumvent or undermine military strength while exploiting their weaknesses, using methods that differ significantly from the expected method of operations. Colonel M R Sudhir is Commanding Officer of an Engineer Regiment. 58 CLAWS Journal z Summer 2008 ASYMMETRIC WAR: A CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING Such approaches generally seek a major psychological impact, such as shock or confusion that affects an opponent’s initiative, freedom of action, or will. -
Cyber Warfare a “Nuclear Option”?
CYBER WARFARE A “NUCLEAR OPTION”? ANDREW F. KREPINEVICH CYBER WARFARE: A “NUCLEAR OPTION”? BY ANDREW KREPINEVICH 2012 © 2012 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. About the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, secu- rity policy and resource allocation. CSBA provides timely, impartial, and insight- ful analyses to senior decision makers in the executive and legislative branches, as well as to the media and the broader national security community. CSBA encour- ages thoughtful participation in the development of national security strategy and policy, and in the allocation of scarce human and capital resources. CSBA’s analysis and outreach focus on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to US national security. Meeting these challenges will require transforming the national security establishment, and we are devoted to helping achieve this end. About the Author Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. is the President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, which he joined following a 21-year career in the U.S. Army. He has served in the Department of Defense’s Office of Net Assessment, on the personal staff of three secretaries of defense, the National Defense Panel, the Defense Science Board Task Force on Joint Experimentation, and the Defense Policy Board. He is the author of 7 Deadly Scenarios: A Military Futurist Explores War in the 21st Century and The Army and Vietnam. -
Pakistan in the Danger Zone a Tenuous U.S
Pakistan in the Danger Zone A Tenuous U.S. – Pakistan Relationship Shuja Nawaz The Atlantic Council promotes constructive U.S. leadership and engagement in international affairs based on the central role of the Atlantic community in meeting the international challenges of the 21st century. The Council embodies a non-partisan network of leaders who aim to bring ideas to power and to give power to ideas by: 7 stimulating dialogue and discussion about critical international issues with a view to enriching public debate and promoting consensus on appropriate responses in the Administration, the Congress, the corporate and nonprofit sectors, and the media in the United States and among leaders in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas; 7 conducting educational and exchange programs for successor generations of U.S. leaders so that they will come to value U.S. international engagement and have the knowledge and understanding necessary to develop effective policies. Through its diverse networks, the Council builds broad constituencies to support constructive U.S. leadership and policies. Its program offices publish informational analyses, convene conferences among current and/or future leaders, and contribute to the public debate in order to integrate the views of knowledgeable individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds, interests, and experiences. The South Asia Center is the Atlantic Council’s focal point for work on Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan as well as on relations between these countries and China, Central Asia, Iran, the Arab world, Europe and the U.S. As part of the Council’s Asia program, the Center seeks to foster partnerships with key institutions in the region to establish itself as a forum for dialogue between decision makers in South Asia, the U.S. -
Force Multiplier for Intelligence T
Force Multiplier for Intelligence T R FORCE MULTIPLIER FOR INTELLIGENCE Collaborative Open Source Networks de Borchgrave A Report of the Transnational Threats Project CSIS REPO Center for Strategic and International Studies / Sanderson / Hamed Authors Arnaud de Borchgrave Thomas Sanderson Jacqueline Harned ISBN 978-0-89206-503-5 THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1800 K Street, NW • Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: (202) 887-0200 • Fax: (202) 775-3199 Ë|xHSKITCy065035zv*:+:!:+:! E-mail: [email protected] • Web: www.csis.org/ July 2007 FORCE MULTIPLIER FOR INTELLIGENCE Collaborative Open Source Networks A Report of the Transnational Threats Project Center for Strategic and International Studies Authors Arnaud de Borchgrave Thomas Sanderson Jacqueline Harned July 2007 About CSIS The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) seeks to advance global security and prosperity in an era of economic and political transformation by providing strategic insights and practical policy solutions to decisionmakers. CSIS serves as a strategic planning partner for the government by conducting research and analysis and developing policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Our more than 25 programs are organized around three themes: Defense and Security Policy—With one of the most comprehensive programs on U.S. defense policy and international security, CSIS proposes reforms to U.S. defense organization, defense policy, and the defense industrial and technology base. Other CSIS programs offer solutions to the challenges of proliferation, transnational terrorism, homeland security, and post-conflict reconstruction. Global Challenges—With programs on demographics and population, energy security, global health, technology, and the international financial and economic system, CSIS addresses the new drivers of risk and opportunity on the world stage. -
Tailoring Deterrence for China in Space for More Information on This Publication, Visit
C O R P O R A T I O N KRISTA LANGELAND, DEREK GROSSMAN Tailoring Deterrence for China in Space For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA943-1. About RAND The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org. Research Integrity Our mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/principles. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © 2021 RAND Corporation is a registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0703-0 Cover: Long March 5 Y2 by 篁竹水声 Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. -
OPC, Coalition Sign Pact to Boost Freelancer Safety
THE MONTHLY NEWSLETTER OF THE OVERSEAS PRESS CLUB OF AMERICA, NEW YORK, NY • February 2015 OPC, Coalition Sign Pact to Boost Freelancer Safety By Emma Daly and the freelancers who Diane Foley, mother of the late are assuming an ever- freelance reporter James Foley, was greater burden in cover- guest of honor at a panel discussion ing dangerous stories, to launch “A Call for Global Safety the panelists see these Principles and Practices,” the first principles as a first step industry code of conduct to include toward greater responsi- media companies and freelancers bility and accountability in an attempt to reduce the risks to by both reporters on the those covering hazardous stories. ground and their editors. The guidelines were presented to an “I am deeply proud Rhon G. Flatts audience of journalists and students of the OPC and the OPC David Rohde of Reuters, left, and Marcus Mabry during two panel discussions held at Foundation’s part in this speak to students and media about a the Columbia University School of long overdue effort,” new industry code of conduct. Journalism’s Stabile Student Center Mabry said. Shehda Abu Afash in Gaza. on Feb. 12 and introduced by Dean Sennott flagged the horrific mur- By the launch on Thursday al- Steve Coll. der of Jim Foley as a crucial moment most 30 news and journalism orga- The first panel – David Rohde in focusing all our minds on the need nizations had signed on to the prin- of Reuters, OPC President Marcus to improve safety standards, despite ciples, including the OPC and OPC Mabry, Vaughan Smith of the Front- efforts over the past couple of de- Foundation, AFP, the AP, the BBC, line Freelance Register, John Dan- cades to introduce hostile environ- Global Post Guardian News and Me- iszewiski from the AP and Charlie ment and medical training, as well dia, PBS FRONTLINE and Thom- Sennott of the Ground Truth Project as protective equipment and more af- son Reuters. -
Cyber Warfare and Challenges for the U.S.-ROK Alliance by Dr
Korea Economic Institute of America ACADEMIC PAPER SERIES December 2, 2014 North Korea’s Cyber Warfare and Challenges for the U.S.-ROK Alliance By Dr. Alexandre Mansourov ABSTRACT Introduction Despite an inferior information communication environment, Since Kim Jong-il’s designation of his son Kim Jong-un as his suc- North Korea has a high capacity to conduct robust cyber operations cessor in January 2009, North Korea has come a long way to aimed at collecting foreign intelligence, disrupting foreign comput- develop its own doctrine of cyber operations, build the military ers, information and communication systems, networks and critical organizations tasked with the cyber warfare missions, procure infrastructures, and stirring public discontent and disorder in the the hardware and software required for cyber operations, train enemy states. The Korean People’s Army concentrated its efforts a corps of highly skilled professional cyber warriors, and develop on strengthening the cyber war capabilities through establishing a operational plans for cyber warfare. Pyongyang demonstrated command and control structure dedicated to cyber warfare, form- its cyber capabilities through the conduct of cyber warfare exer- ing military units specializing in cyber warfare, training expert man- cises and actual cyber operations aimed against what it consid- power, and advancing research and development of core cyber ers its enemy states – the Republic of Korea, United States, and technologies. North Korea critically depends on outside resources Japan. North Korea now has a credible cyber warfare capability for the conduct of its offensive cyber effects operations. threatening the world’s advanced nations. The U.S.-ROK alliance managers often find their response options This study analyzes the evolution of the North Korean thinking limited in the absence of a clearly identifiable North Korean gov- on the policy dimensions of cyber warfare and cyber war: how ernment source of cyber operations. -
OPEN SOURCE INFORMATION the Missing Dimension of Intelligence CSIS Repo
T R OPEN SOURCE INFORMATION The Missing Dimension of Intelligence CSIS REPO A Report of the CSIS Transnational Threats Project Authors Arnaud de Borchgrave Thomas Sanderson John MacGaffin ISBN-13: 978-0-89206-483-0 ISBN-10: 0-89206-483-8 THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1800 K Street, NW • Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: (202) 887-0200 • Fax: (202) 775-3199 E-mail: books©csis.org • Web site: http://www.csis.org/ Ë|xHSKITCy064830zv*:+:!:+:! March 2006 OPEN SOURCE INFORMATION The Missing Dimension of Intelligence A Report of the CSIS Transnational Threats Project Authors Arnaud de Borchgrave Thomas Sanderson John MacGaffin March 2006 About CSIS The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) seeks to advance global security and prosperity in an era of economic and political transformation by providing strategic insights and practical policy solutions to decisionmakers. CSIS serves as a strategic planning partner for the government by conducting research and analysis and developing policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Our more than 25 programs are organized around three themes: Defense and Security Policy—With one of the most comprehensive programs on U.S. defense policy and international security, CSIS proposes reforms to U.S. defense organization, defense policy, and the defense industrial and technology base. Other CSIS programs offer solutions to the challenges of proliferation, transnational terrorism, homeland security, and post-conflict reconstruction. Global Challenges—With programs on demographics and population, energy security, global health, technology, and the international financial and economic system, CSIS addresses the new drivers of risk and opportunity on the world stage. -
U.S. Strategic Culture and the Genesis of Counterinsurgency Doctrine
2017 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CAROLINAE PAG. 61–79 STUDIA TERRITORIALIA 1 U.S. STRATEGIC CULTURE AND THE GENESIS OF COUNTERINSURGENCY DOCTRINE JAN BENEŠ CHARLES UNIVERSITY, PRAGUE* Abstract Counterinsurgency (COIN) doctrine is a very special strategy in the art of war, which involves sig- nificantly different tactics than does conventional warfare. U.S. doctrine for combat against insur- gents has gone through several changes, the most dramatic of which occurred after 9/11, when the U.S. military faced a new kind of enemy: a global network of fighters, often described as a “global insurgency.” This paper traces the genesis and further development of modern U.S. COIN doctrine. It asks two main questions: How has U.S. COIN doctrine changed after the 9/11 attack? How have its methods, organization and execution changed during the War on Terror? The author assumes that the driving force behind the development of U.S. COIN doctrine is an inter-subjective interpretation of the enemy, the threats and the situation on the battlefield, which can be described as a “strategic culture.” This article uses strategic culture to analyze the genesis and development of modern U.S. COIN doctrine. It also traces the changes in military tactics, strategic priorities and operational pro- cedures that have occurred since 9/11. The author suggests that there have been three phases in the development of U.S. COIN doctrine during the War on Terror: Shock and Awe, Population-centric COIN and Targeted COIN. These phases reveal how the U.S. military has reacted to the emerging challenges it faces. -
Shock and Awe Methodology for Recruiting Students
Session 2253 Shock and Awe – Methodology for Recruiting Students. Andrew L. Gerhart Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI 48075 Abstract Oftentimes, a university is faced with a group of prospective engineering students, but only has limited time to explain many different facets of engineering. Data exist showing that in today’s “digital/information age” high school students can process large amounts of information quickly if their interest-level warrants. A methodology based on existing models has been developed and tested to show that students can be enticed and informed about a university’s engineering program within a limited time span. The method uses “shock and awe” to help students grasp information in a dynamic manner and helps them to remember their experience at the university. For recruitment purposes, the shock and awe method helps to explain what engineering is and/or why it is needed. When students are shocked and/or awed by a display or presentation, they pay attention and actively participate. For example, to recruit mechanical engineering students, a university may want to present a demonstration about projectile ballistics. A shocking and awing demonstration can accompany the presentation involving the burning of smokeless gun powder and black powder. The resulting smoke and flame will shock and awe the students. The shock and awe method is not simply a demonstration; a series of steps should accompany the demonstration. The instructor presents questions to visiting high school students. The students have to answer using their instincts, and when using the shock and awe method properly, their instincts lead the majority of the students into wrong answers.