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IVIINISTRY OF HHALTH - DEPARTIVI HNT ffi F TVTHDICAL RH$ffi&"ffi ffi ffi {LOWHffi L4YANMXAR} DIMEI{SIOII{S OF MALARIA REStrARCH : A COLLECTTOI\ OF ABSTRACTS (2001 -2AI1) r& €-, a""""i. .i: slb #&**- o * '. ..---....,,,;1ii . " ,*.; ,:! , ?, ' , 1i.. ',|:,.i{&a .n, :lj ' !.:::'' lr ig:,1.:'.,.'l lg' - r.r,,ki, "*-Y€ *. Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. The Government of The Republic of The Union of Myanmar Ministry of Health Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) DIMENSIONS OF MALARIA RESEARCH: A COLLECTION OF ABSTRACTS (2001-2011) Edited by Ye Htut, Pe Than Htun, Khin Thet Wai & Tin Oo With the support of World Health Organization Country Office, Myanmar WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training on Malaria GOLDEN JUBILEE PUBLICATION 2013 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. CONTACT ADDRESS OF EDITORS 1. Dr. Ye Htut M. B., B. S, MSc (Medical Parasitology), DLSHTM, FRCP (Edin) Deputy Director General (Retd.) Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) No. 5, Ziwaka Road, Yangon 11191, Myanmar [email protected] 2. Dr. Pe Than Htun BSc, DAPE, MSc. (Medical Parasitology) PhD Deputy Director (Research) (Retd.) Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) No. 5, Ziwaka Road, Yangon 11191, Myanmar [email protected] 3. Dr. Khin Thet Wai M.B., B. S, M.Med.Sc. (Public Health) Director (Socio-Medical Research) Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) No. 5, Ziwaka Road, Yangon 11191, Myanmar [email protected] 4. Dr. Tin Oo MPHM (Mahidol), PhD (Tropical Health) (UQ) Deputy Director (Research) Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) No. 5, Ziwaka Road, Yangon 11191, Myanmar [email protected] Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS i FOREWORD ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii INTRODUCTION 1 1. Therapeutic Efficacy, Biochemical, Immunological and Clinical Studies 2 2. Diagnostics: Drug resistance and Molecular Studies 78 3. Pharmacokinetics and Traditional Medicine 110 4. Public Health, Health Economics, and Social Science 131 5. Malaria Vector Studies 195 Subject Index 205 Author Index 215 Malaria Research Papers and Posters awarded in Myanmar Health 221 Research Congresses Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Dimensions of Malaria Research 2001- 2011 ACRONYMS DHP Department of Health Planning DMR (CM) Department of Medical Research (Central Myanmar) DMR (LM) Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) DMR (UM) Department of Medical Research (Upper Myanmar) DOH Department of Health DSGH Defence Services General Hospital DSMA Defence Services Medical Academy DTM Department of Traditional Medicine IM (1) Institute of Medicine (1) IM (2) Institute of Medicine (2) MHRC Myanmar Health Research Congress MHSRJ Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal MMC Military Medical Conference NMCP National Malaria Control Programme UM (1) University of Medicine (1) UM (2) University of Medicine (2) UOP University of Pharmacy VBDC Vector Borne Diseases Control WHO World Health Organization i Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Dimensions of Malaria Research 2001- 2011 FOREWORD Malaria is one of the major public health problems in Myanmar. Various kinds of basic, applied, and health systems research are conducted in support of National Malaria Control Program, either by internal or external collaboration with universities, research institutions, teaching hospitals, non-governmental organizations, and funding agencies. Due to its concerted efforts, Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) has been recognized as WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Malaria in Myanmar since September, 2003. The advancement in research techniques and further capacity strengthening efforts continue during the decade, looking forward to sustainability of the Center. The structure of this collection highlights the different dimensions of malaria research in 5 sections: Section 1- Therapeutic efficacy, biochemical, immunological, and clinical studies; Section 2- Diagnostics: drug resistance and molecular studies; Section 3-Pharmacokinetics and traditional medicine; Section 4- Public health, health economics and social science; and Section 5- Malaria vector studies. This collection is aimed to attain the continuum of previous publication that has covered the period between 1990 and the year 2000. The core group of four members for this publication is led by Dr. Ye Htut, Deputy Director General (retd.), DMR (LM) cum Director, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Malaria in Myanmar as well as the member of the Technical Support Group (TSG) for malaria formed by WHO, Country Office, Myanmar. Following the preliminary meeting in August, 2012, the core group initiated for collection of abstracts by scanning through the internet, personal communications, and document reviews. Currently, DMR (LM) participates in operational research component of Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment (MARC) and an appropriate referencing has been done from the past research works. Both national and international publications arising out of the laboratory and field research are beneficial to the scientific community. Moreover, the information collated may be useful in planning and programming of resources allocation for malaria prevention and control. This collection is published as the commemoration of Golden Jubilee Event of DMR (LM). In addition, the value of this publication is embedded in way forward to narrow the gap between knowledge production and translation, thus enhancing utilization of research results. Dr. Kyaw Zin Thant H.G.P., M.B.,B.S (Ygn), DTM., Ph.D (Japan)., F.A.C.T.M., Dip. on R & D., FRCP (Edin) Director General Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) ii Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Dimensions of Malaria Research 2001- 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors are grateful to Ministry of Health, Myanmar for approval, WHO Country Office, Myanmar for funding support and especially to Dr. Krongthong Thimasarn, Technical Officer (Malaria), WHO Country Office, for her enthusiasm and encouragement for this specific publication as the commemoration of 50th Anniversary of Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar). Special thanks go to all contributors and eminent scientists dedicated to malaria research especially from the National Malaria Control Programme, Department of Health, personnel from Departments of Medical Research (Upper and Central Myanmar), Universities of Medicine, University of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Science, Department of Traditional Medicine, Clinical Research Units affiliated to DMR (LM) and all staff from Central Biomedical Library of DMR (LM). The editors would also like to extend their gratitude to all those who have shared their thoughts, opinions, and ideas for this special collection and due credit goes to Daw Moe Thida, Research Officer, Epidemiology Research Division, DMR (LM) and U Sein Thaung, Research Officer, Medical Entomology Research Division, DMR (LM) for their untiring efforts leading to successful development and production of this special commemorative publications focusing malaria. iii Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Dimensions of Malaria Research 2001- 2011 INTRODUCTION Between the period of 2001 and 2011, malaria research activities mainly focus on monitoring of therapeutic efficacy of malaria parasites (P. falciparum and P.vivax) to different combinations of antimalarials in high risk endemic regions, in vivo monitoring of drug resistant vivax malaria to chloroquine, molecular analysis of drug resistant malaria, determination of re-infection and recrudescence in falciparum malaria, screening of G6PD deficiency, effects of insecticide treated nets on disease burden of malaria in general and malaria in pregnancy, laboratory-based quality control testing of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) for spatial distribution of malaria vectors and evaluation of insecticide susceptibility status, vector bionomics in malaria transmission, barriers to gene flow in a major malaria vector, the assessment of pharmacokinetics of artemisinin-based combinations (ACT), quality assurance of antimalarials used by public sectors, and networks of early diagnosis and prompt treatment (EDPT) in suspected malaria in the rural community. Out of 236 abstracts in this collection, 91 abstracts represent therapeutic efficacy studies, biochemical, immunological and clinical studies, followed by 76 studies related to public health, health economics and social science, 40 studies related to diagnostics, drug resistance and molecular techniques, 19 studies in traditional medicine and pharmacokinetics and 10 malaria vector studies. Operational research studies dominated focusing prevention, especially the use of insecticide treated nets (ITN) and enhancement of control measures, especially EDPT beyond hospital/field based clinical studies. Studies using molecular techniques to confirm drug resistance were also included, coupled with benefits to the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). When categorized by type of research, there were 85 abstracts representing applied
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  • General Assembly Distr.: General 20 August 2018

    General Assembly Distr.: General 20 August 2018

    United Nations A/73/332 General Assembly Distr.: General 20 August 2018 Original: English Seventy-third session Item 74 (c) of the provisional agenda* Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives Situation of human rights in Myanmar Note by the Secretary-General The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the General Assembly the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Yanghee Lee, submitted in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 37/32. __________________ * A/73/150. 18-13756 (E) 110918 *1813756* A/73/332 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar Summary The present report provides an overview of human rights developments and challenges in Myanmar. It contains recommendations to address them, including the establishment of an accountability mechanism proposed by the Special Rapporteur. 2/23 18-13756 A/73/332 I. Introduction 1. The present report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 37/32, covers developments in Myanmar since the previous report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Yanghee Lee, to the Human Rights Council in March 2018 (A/HRC/37/70) and oral update presented to the Council in June 2018. 2. The Special Rapporteur notes that executing the mandate and fulfilling the responsibilities entrusted to her by the Council have been extremely difficult owing to the continued denial of access to her by the Government of Myanmar. In preparation for the present report, the Special Rapporteur made a request to visit India in order to meet refugees from Myanmar who are present there.