VOLUME XX. NUMBER 8

May 1908 This is the Splendid Prize offered by the Review in the Competition announced on another page of this issue. =

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OFFICIAL CALENDAR or THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.

May: June: 1. Toronto University Examinations 1. Public and Separate School Boards in Arts, Law, Medicine and Agri¬ to appoint representatives on the culture begin. (Subject to ap¬ High School Entrance Boards of pointment). Examiners. (On or before 1st June).'"*' 1. Arbor Day. (1st Friday in May). By-law to alter School boundaries 22. Empire Day. (1st school day be¬ —last day of passing. (Not later fore 24th May). than 1st June.). Notice by candidates for the Dis¬ 7. University Commencement. (Sub¬ trict Certificate, Junior and Senior ject to appointment). Teachers’ Examinations, Univers¬ 12. Senior Matriculation Examination ity Matriculation and Commercial in Arts, Toronto University, begins. Specialist Examinations to Inspec¬ (Subject to appointment). tors, due. (Before 24th May). 25. Victoria Day (Monday). 19. Provincial Normal Schools close (Second term). (Third Friday in 26. Inspectors to report number of June). candidates for District Certificate, 22. Inspectors’ Report on Legislative Junior and Senior Teachers’, Uni¬ grant due. (Not later than 22nd versity Matriculation and Com¬ June). mercial Specialist Examinations. 23. Model School Entrance and Public (Not later than 26th May). Graduation Examinations begin. 30. Assessors to settle basis of taxa¬ 24. High School Entrance Examina¬ tion in Union School Sections. tion begins. (Subject to appoint¬ (Before 1st June). ment).

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Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements CONTENTS

Vol. XX. MAY, 1908. No. 8.

Page. Agriculture in Its Relation to Manufactures—^/ C. C. Janies. M.A. 413 A Voice From the Sea—By Reverend A. E. Burke. 419 The Study of Insects an Essential Part of Farming—By Dr. James Fletcher. 423 Tennyson’s Use of Nature in “In Memoriam”—By William Houston . 427 The Reforestation of Waste Lands—By C. A. Zavitz . 431 Our Early Spring Flowers—By D, H. Jones, ’08 . 435 The Passing of the Forest in Relation to the Flora—By H. Grok, ’08.438 Reading in the Farm Home—By G. LeLq.cheur . 441 Book Reviews . 446 Editorial. 448 College Life. . . 451 Athletics. 457 Old Boys. 462 Macdonald ...... 467 Locals . 472

ADVERTISING.

Cream Separators and Appliances—Cover—Pages i., iii. ix., xxxii. Railways, Banks, Insurances—Pages ii., iv., xx., xxviii. Manufacturers—Cover—Pages iii., iv., vi., vii., x., xi., xii.. xiii., xv., xviii., xxi., xxii, xxvii., xxviii., xxix. Live Stock—Page xxx. Newspapers, Books and Book Publishers—Pages vi., xii., xx. Seedsmen and Commission Companies—Pages viii., xi. Guelph Business Houses—Pages x., xiv., xvi., xvii., xviii., xix., xx., xxi., xxii., xxiii. xxiv., xxv., xxvi., xxvii., xxx., xxxi..

THE O. A. C. REVIEW is published by the Students of the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada, monthly during the College year. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: Students $1.00. Ex-Students 50 cents. Single copies 15 cents. Advertising rates on application. Vlll. THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

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THE DIGNITY OF A CALLING IS ITS UTILITY.

VOL. XX. MAY, 1908. No. 8

Agriculture in Its Relation to Manufactures

An Address to Manufacturers.

By G. G. JAMES, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Ontario.

importance, of necessity in fact; the farmer is not always so fully convinced that the success and prosperity of the manufacturer are of first importance to the country. One thing is certain, that each should more fully understand the other and the relationship of the one to the other. This evening it is the duty and the privilege of the speaker to discuss the question of the relationship of agri¬ culture to manufactures. There is, of course, the equally important question of the relationship of manufactures to agriculture. Frequently, in discussing these questions, attempts have been made to discuss the relative import¬ ance of these two lines of work, and

C. C. JAMES, M. A., comparisons have been made along the line of capital invested, numbers em¬ THE manufacturers of Canada are ployed, and value of output. likely to be more interested in Such comparisons are hardly fair the condition and prosperity of or equitable. You cannot fairly the farmers than are the farmers in the make a comparison on the ground condition and prosperity of the manu¬ of product, since agriculture is one facturers. There are reasons for this. of the original sources of wealth The manufacturer knows that the and manufacturing is not. The fin¬ prosperity of the farmer is a matter of ished product of the farmer is, in most 414 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. cases, the raw material for the manu¬ money that is keeping the manufac¬ facturer. You can compare agricul¬ turing industries going, but there is ture with the other three great something to be advanced along that original sources of natural wealth— line. The great development of manu¬ forestry, fishing and mining. The facturing in this country is partly pre-eminence of agriculture in this dependent upon moneys advanced by comparison stands out when we con¬ the banks. Whence comes this money sider that we are so rapidly exhausting- of the banks? From deposits. During our forest resources, that we have the past few years there has been a permitted our lakes and streams to be great expansion in the banking of this depleted, and how certain is the fact country. Formerly, banks were con¬ that every ounce of mineral taken fined to the cities and towns, but of out of the ground can never be re¬ late we have seen a great multiplying turned; whereas our farms are, on the of the branches. These have been whole, as productive as they ever were opened up in the small towns and and may be made still more productive. villages and through these branch The agriculture of Ontario stands banks, the deposits have been increased in very close relationship to our man¬ by millions of dollars. These deposits ufactures. It affects the latter in at have been made by farmers. Look at least three important ways. First, it these figures for the annual value of is a source of raw material; secondly, cheese alone: Leeds, $1,600,000; Hast¬ it is a market for manufactured pro¬ ings, $1,400000; Oxford, $1,200,000; ducts; thirdly, it is a source of capital. Dundas $1,100,000; Frontenac, $1,000,- The first point need not be enlarged 000. As for bacon, Simcoe, Kent, Grey, upon,—flour mills, bake shops, pack¬ Essex, Wellington and Oxford annu¬ ing houses, tanneries, canning factories, ally produce approximately $6,000,000 all draw their supplies from the farm. worth in all, from $1,150,000 to While the farmer sends a portion of $880,000 in each case. his product straight to the producer, The agriculture of to-day is quite a the bulk of his product must find its different industry from the agriculture way to the manufacturer of the town of earlier days. When the first settlers and city before it is ready for the came into this Province to establish world’s consumption. The value of homes for themselves, they found here the farming community as a market for a wilderness. In the earliest days tim¬ manufactured goods is becoming more ber and ashes were their only product. important, and will increase as the As the clearings enlarged wheat and farmer becomes more prosperous. The oats became their marketable product. farmer is becoming more and more a Then came the old country settlers purchaser of manufactured goods. The with their love for live stock, to be days of homespuns have gone by and followed later by dairying and fruit¬ the butcher’s cart and the baker’s growing. Specializing has become the wagon may now be seen making their rule, and to-day we find the farmers regular rounds along the concession producing crops in each county, and in roads and side lines of many counties. fact in each township suited to the It would perhaps, be too strong a locality, the soil, the climate and the statement to say that it is the farmers' local markets. To-day the farmer is a THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 4i5 manufacturer and he is producing more Let me briefly refer to these five wealth than ever he did before. He is points: working on higher levels than did his It is much more difficult for the forefathers; he is adding more to the farmer to make an accurate estimate wealth of the country, andjhe is con¬ of the cost of producing grain, hay, suming more of your manufactured fruit, beef, mutton, bacon, cheese, products. butter, or the live animal, than it is for To show you how he is increasing the manufacturer to work out the cost his bank deposits, let me give you the of his marketable products. The returns from the three most important latter has his work shut in within the items, beef, bacon and cheese: In the four walls of his factory, he can deter¬ past eight years the sales of beef from mine cost of raw material, labor and Ontario farms have increased from interest on his capital with some $13,000,000 to $29,000,000; bacon and assurance of accuracy. The farmer pork from $10,000,000 to $22,000,000; works hand in hand with nature. A and cheese from $10,000,000 to $17,000,- variable element, that of weather con¬ 000. This is a total increase of $35,000,- ditions, enters largely into his opera¬ 0000, an average of $200 for each of the tions. Soil and sunshine and living 175,000 farms. At the same time the animals do not so readily permit them¬ total value of all field crops has selves to be tabulated in a mathema¬ increased from $107,000 000 to $143,.- tical calculation. Nevertheless, where¬ 000,000. This will explain where the as formerly farming was so largely a money has come from by which the matter of general results, we now find farmers have paid off their mortgages, close study being given to the calcul¬ purchased farm machinery, built new ating of costs of production and our barns, improved their houses, and in¬ most successful farmers are those who creased their deposits at the banks, are able to keep close record of the thereby materially assisting the busi¬ productions of their different fields, ness men and the manufacturers to to figure out balanced rations, and to extend their business. determine whether it really pays to The old agriculture has been giving- use certain foods or to produce one place to the new, and the best princi¬ line of product in preference to ples of successful business life and of another. At the recent dairy conven¬ manufacturing are being applied. tion held at Picton, a most interesting What are these principles that promise discussion was held on the subject of so much for agriculture? producing alfalfa hay at a very low 1. The careful study of the cost of price to replace in the feeding rations production. wheat bran which now costs from $20 2. Economy in production through to $26 a ton. And the discussion was the saving of waste products. carried on with paper and pencil, the 3. Co-operation in production, hand¬ difference in cost being figured out to ling and marketing of products. the exact cent. 4. The employing of the best ma¬ Profits in manufacturing result to¬ chines. day largely from a saving in material ; 5. Special training for the men en¬ what was formerly waste product now gaged in the work. becomes a by-product. Farming in 416 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. the earlier days was always carried situated. Then we know of successful on with utter disregard of waste pro¬ co-operative canning factories, farmers duct. The wheat farmer of Manitoba uniting to put $40,000 capital in one has burnt his straw and has dumped factory and carrying on the business his manure into the river. The pro¬ with very satisfactory profits not only gressive Ontario farmer is compelled from the producing side but also from to save his waste and use it tQ increase the canning side. The shortage of his next year’s product. No other good labor has suggested co-operation business in the world could "stand the in labor and in the purchase and use tremendous waste of agriculture. But of machinery. We might mention co¬ a great change is taking place. The operation in the supplying of meats waste land covered by the old rail for their table and the purchase of fence is being utilized, waste food is other staple articles of food. Co-oper¬ being turned into pork and bacon, and ation is booming at the present time in the cheese factory and creamery and we are likely to see some most the scientific instruments of recent radical changes in farm methods in the invention are daily used to see that no near future. waste results. In a word economy is Manufacturers know the value of being applied to agriculture, and with good machinery. Our farmers are fine results. beginning to awaken to the importance Co-operation is becoming a word to of this subject; but with them the conjure with in agriculture and the machines just now being studied are manufacturers will soon find this out, living machines. To the farmer, the as will the merchant and th^ banker. cow is a machine for turning the raw Perhaps even the politicians may ere material of grass and grain or hay long awaken to the force and strength and roots into milk. This living of what this means. Our cheese and machine is being studied and most creamery business are based largely extraordinary results are being ob¬ upon co-operation. In the past five tained. The average production of years the value of the. cheese sold from the cows of Ontario is certainly not Ontario cheese factories was $74,600,- over 3 500 pounds of milk per year. In 000. Out of this no less sum than the dairy herd at the Agricultural $65,850,000 went to the farmers for College there are sixteen milch cows. the milk supplied. Co-operation re¬ Let me give you the record of the four duced the cost of production and of best and the four poorest for 1907. Ivbs. Value Value Profit over marketing. Co-operation in the fruit Milk. of Milk. Feed. Val. of Feed m- Cn industry is under full swing. The I. 19,064 $179 16 $69 40 O 76 farmers owning orchards form a co¬ 2. 11,806 110 29 48 28 62 01 operative association, erect a fruit 3- 12,283 104 19 49 28 54 91 house, purchase spraying machines, 4- 10,880 95 12 4i 92 53 20 gather, sort, pack and market their 13- 7.578 60 06 33 57 26 49 fruits. It is money that tells and the 14. 5.263 56 70 3 2 53 24 17 60 reports for the past two years of the !5- 7.442 63 4T 39 81 23 fruit-growers in these co-operative 16. 7.574 57 95 40 51 17 44 associations are that they have received Average of whole herd:— higher prices than have others not so 9.585 85 55 42 87 42 30 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 4i7

Now let us take the record of a first- left to train himself. We have had no class dairy farmer’s herd. In the 1907 standard for him. We left him to competition, held by the Western learn his business while he was earning Dairymen’s Association, the following his living*. There is growing, however, results were made by the winners of a demand that some consideration shall the silver and bronze medals: From a be given to the man who tills the soil, herd of 12 cows, owned by W. E. and that he shall have offered to him Thompson, of Innerkip, 96,240 ibs. of an education that will fit him for his milk were sent to the factory for which work and that he shall get this chance $934.64 was received an average of of education, not when he has come to $77.88; from a herd of 8 cows, owned manhood or passed middle life, but in by Wm. Pearce, of Holbrook, 60,572 his youth when he is in a receptive, lbs. of milk were sent to the factory, teachable stage, and when education for which $585.02 was received, an should really mean something for him. average of $73.12. The farmer is coming into his own and There are over one million milch we are beginning to see that farmers cows on the farms of Ontario and the should grow up in their business like total annual value of dairy products is other men and that the same consider¬ about $35,000,000. The dairy herd at ation should be given to them that has the Agricultural College produces on been given to the more favored men an average about three times the aver¬ of the town and city. The proper age of the farm cows of the Province, training of the farmer is of interest one cow produced about six times the and of importance to the business men average, and the four poorest milkers of the towns and cities and they should produced twice the average. The only be first to support every movement for conclusion is that we are still doing his betterment and to insist that every our much-praised dairy work in On¬ opportunity shall be given him for tario with poor machinery. What educational improvement. The agri¬ wonderful possibilities there are here. culture of Ontario is capable of greater You see how, by the improvement in development than any other of our re¬ stock, better care and better feeding, it sources. If only we could set all the is quite possible to double, yes, to forces in motion and increase the facili¬ treble, the output without increasing ties now in operation for disseminating the number of cows. This is worth information and arousing the younger striving for and this is what our dairy men of the country, the annual produc¬ schools, our dairy instructors, our dairy tion of this Province would soon in¬ associations, and our cow-testing asso¬ crease by many, many millions of ciations, are working for. dollars annually. And what greater And then there is the education of assurance would there be for the the farmer, but most of all the educa¬ development of the sQcial and moral tion of the farmer’s son. AVe train our strength of this people than the in¬ doctors, lawyers, engineers and our creasing comfort and happiness of a teachers, and we enact laws making it prosperous and contented yeomanry. compulsory for them to reach certain The elements of social disturbance and standards, but the poor farmer has, of national downfall are developed until comparatively recent years, been amid the changing, restless people of 4i8 THE O. A C. REVIEW.

city and town. The growth of a and town you have the advantage of strong, sturdy, rural element is a safe¬ position. There is just this danger guard to any people. that you may become so absorbed in We should be careful in this coun¬ your work, in the building up of your try that the 'agricultural classes and factories and the improvement of your the great business and manufacturing cities and towns, you may not follow classes shall not be set one against the as closely as you should the upward other but that they shall co-operate. movement of the farmer. Farm life is They should understand each other on the move, it is expanding, it is en¬ and be prepared to assist each other larging, and you will do well to get in within reasonable limits. Neither touch with it and to keep in touch with should seek to monopolize the great it, and by all means in your power to forces which direct the movements of assist in this movement which means the country. Each should receive fair much not only for the farmer himself consideration, as both are necessary. but for the growth and well-being of On account of your location in city the whole nation.

Photo by A. E. Slater. RIVER SPEED GUEEPH

“Oh glide, fair stream, for ever so! Thy quiet soul on all bestowing.” —Wordsworth. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 419

A Voice from the Sea.

By REVEREND A. E. BURKE.

Reverend A. E. Burke is parish priest of Alberton, P. E. Island, and holds high office in his church. He takes great interest in political questions, and has made the P. E. I. tunnel question prominent. He was a promoter of the P. E. I. Prohibition Act, which is working so effectively. He is a valued contributor to farm journals, and discusses with wonderful in¬ sight and fluency the various problems of the farmer. He has been for years President of the P. E. I. Fruit Growers’ Association, and also President of the Maritime Beekeepers’ Associa¬ tion.—Ed.

No matter the claims from other who in solidarity recognize the colors sources upon our time and sympathies; of the O. A. C. Indeed, at one time no matter the diversion of attention we were almost convinced that we had because of our hay¬ passed a term or ing something of so under its walls, our own here, in so familiar did we these provinces, of grow with all the which we are as characters which proud as the Altered into the young father of his speech of gradu¬ firstborn; no mat¬ ates, and, also, the ter the feeling in concerns, grave or other circles that sprightly, which after all, we, of the filled up their Col¬ Maritime Division lege life. This was of Canada, have when we were get¬ been largely used ting organized here as beasts of burden educationally, and to fetch and carry every man of any for the more for¬ consequence sent tunate Western to help us came sections; it is cer¬ from Guelph. tainly a personal There were ban¬ pleasure to renew quets, too, at which the acquaintance the old spoke of with Guelphers Alma Mater with (and we know only a gravity and re¬ the agricultural spect almost sacred, students under this and the young for¬ REVEREND A. E. BURKE. term) which we got the sublimity made on many occasions of capital im¬ of their seniors to reach, replying to portance to the farming interests of “The Ladies” especially, the bottom¬ the nation, and which ctoce made, how¬ less pit of absurdity— ever restrictive, is cherished always in “Forsan et haec olim meminisse the individual and extended to all those juvabit.” 420 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

Then, on the agricultural press of troth. There is something more satis¬ the country one finds Collegians every¬ fying than fame, or honor, or riches in where, and the seductiveness of their this life—the husbandman feels it in sirenlike appeals has gotten us into all its subtlety after he has cleared the many troubles, but troubles we would land and planted the seed—it is the joy not now be without. If there is one bordering on ecstasy at the sight of satisfaction more than another which the fruits of our labors and lessons, comes to people in our station of life, garnered in the pure and generous lives it is that which is felt in making little of youthful pupils. Measuring by this sacrifices to help out the ingenuous standard the Professors of Guelph are young editor of a farm journal, break¬ often enraptured. ing his first lance in the public service. How do we account for this? How We have been associated with a num¬ is it that a greater enthusiasm is mani¬ ber of them and the memory of it all fest in the O. A. Collegian than in him is consoling. They have an unbounded of the classical institutions of the coun¬ confidence in their ability to make try ? Why does the very name of things go and that is agreeable, if in¬ Guelph intoxicate him as with love and herent in youth. Left to the old jaded devotion? We cannot presume to say scribe anyway—him of the soured and definitely, but incline to the belief that sullen type—what would our farm it comes of the gratitude arising from literature be? One does not even like the satisfaction and profit which the to think of it. The promise, the hope¬ acquisition of the practical, as differ¬ fulness, the confidence of youth is entiated from the ideal, ever induces, always refreshing. Would that it were untenable as this ground may appear perpetual. to the poet. Verifying things satisfies Our relations with some of these usually better than dreaming over young men have been very intimate. them, even if a great American poet “Philosopher, guide and friend” even, has assured us that— doesn’t cover it. They have come to us “The dreamer lives forever and the in all sorts of situations, and the very toiler dies in a day.” confidence reposed begot a tenderness Plowever, the Agricultural College, a of feeling for them which no other practical school of farming, where the association seemed to set up. We have student not only reads about how seen them at their desk; we have had things are done but actually does them them in our home; we have met them and knows that he can do them any¬ casually or by appointment at the great time out in the world again, when gatherings of the country, and we are necessary, is the first branch of techni¬ glad to say that they have always edi¬ cal education which the country has fied us by the faithfulness with which inaugurated ; and the success attending they discharged their duty, whatever it has created a national demand for it was, the loyalty they professed for the full equipment of the other depart¬ their leaders, their devotion to ideals, ments comprehended in a general sys¬ and above and beyond all, the ever tem. It looks, too, as if the Central consuming desire to be of use to the Government would have to inaugurate great agricultural interests to Avhich a complete national system of technics, they had voluntarily plighted their with which all the special services of THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 421 the provinces may ultimately co-ordi¬ acknowledge our obligations—we have nate. The public bodies have taken attempted in these Sea Provinces to hold of this matter and already the organize the industry somewhat, at¬ Premier of Canada has sent enquiries taching skilled teachers to the public to the Premiers of the several provinces service, and, after much thought and as to the need for or utility of such a considerable trepidation, inaugurating scheme. a College of Agriculture, built, But speaking of the graduates of equipped and maintained, it is true, by Guelph, it is sometimes said to us, Nova Scotia, the least agricultural but when we are commending them and most munificent of our provinces, but inferentially the school whence they open to students from all of them and come, “Oh, very well; but what is the from Newfoundland, some day to con¬ use of them to the actual work of farm¬ stitute a province of the Dominion her¬ ing? They won’t stay on the farm at self. The fact that one of her sons all. They are as truly educated off it had prosecuted his studies at Guelph as the graduates of the classical places.’’ with such success as to secure a place We are not in a position to say just on the teaching staff there, encouraged what proportion of the boys return to the authorities in placing Melville farming, but we believe it to be con¬ Cumming at the head of the new insti¬ siderable. At first all the graduates tution. The task of organizing was were doubtlessly needed for purposes one truly herculean; it might well dis¬ of teaching, either in other colleges, courage the professor from well- in the Farmers’ Institutes, in the divi¬ established and fully-equipped Guelph; sions of agriculture, at Ottawa, or in it did quickly bring him to a realization the provinces; or in the editorial chairs of the seriousness of his purpose, but of farming papers. A number of bright he bent the energies abundantly sup¬ fellows will always be required for plied by his breeding and up-bringing this expanding work; but now that in bracing Nova Scotia, and, with the most of these places are filled, the cry, courage natural to the Collegian, faced “Back to the Land!” will find them it manifully and triumphed, as courage pioneering the new and practical hus¬ born of duty ever deserves to triumph. bandry which is to make the nation Truro is incomparable with Guelph yet strong and great. We know of num¬ —will ever be if the latter maintains bers already settled upon their own its lead, and we hope she will—but it hundreds, working out their own is a wonderfully efficient school fortunes peacefully and pleasantly, and already, and will undoubtedly fill the pointing conclusively to the recent con¬ place in agricultural higher instruction tention that there is nothing so sure as to these provinces which the old Col¬ that the farmer will be the gentleman lege so well filled for all Canada, for so of the future. Guelph, no more than many years. Of course this Maritime Rome, wasn’t built in a day, and the Canada is only a small country at best wonders we have seen at her hands in —Ontario is many, many times larger a fairness, encourage us to expect than New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and anything in the years that are to come. Prince Edward Island put together— Following the example of Ontario in and we are split up into three Govern¬ all things agricultural—let ns willingly ments with tendencies to independence, 422 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. even if scant revenue preaches unifica¬ have gone to Ontario, if anywhere, tion of effort in many things; therefore, Truro will not forget the debt she owes it may not be as easy as we would wish to her Western prototype, nor cease to to concentrate all our efforts agricul¬ maintain a love for and interest in her tural at Truro, but we hope that folly rulers, professors and students, all of will never seize upon the other two so whom are united with her in the gentle effectually as to urge them to the con¬ bonds of brotherhood.. struction of another school in which Personally, we have no great part to compete with that which is now so except that of sympathy in and ap¬ successfully launched under Cumming. proval of this good work—sympathy This year’s course there boasted nearly which compels us to publish abroad two hundred students, something the excellent results of these institu¬ which has certainly gratified all inter¬ tions, so that a more universal and ested in the College and given assur¬ healthier emulation may extend the ance of its ultimate success. The limits of their usefulness to Canada Mother College of Guelph will rejoice and the chief interest on which her in this as well as we do, and take the greatness depends; approval which same tender interest in the promising comes of contact with the product of daughter school as is verified in the its schooling—a youth imbued with all lives of every good family in the the qualities of manhood, and true to domestic walks of life. And even if its destiny in building a better land filled with students from Newfound¬ here in agriculture, as a foretaste of the land, New Brunswick and our Garden rewards which must crown well-doing Province, who in the old days would in the land of the hereafter.

OUTLOOK.

Not to be conquered by these headlong days, But to stand free: to keep the mind at brood On life’s deep meaning, nature’s altitude Of loveliness, and time’s mysterious ways; At every thought and deed to clear the haze Out of our eyes, considering only this, What man, what life, what love, what beauty is, This is to live, and win the final praise.

Though strife, ill fortune, and harsh human need Beat down the soul, at moments blind and dumb With agony; yet, patience—there shall come Many great voices from life’s outer sea, Hours of strange triumph, and, when few men heed, Murmurs and glimpses of eternity. —Archibald Lampman. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 423

The Study of Insects an Essential Part of Farming*

By DR. JAMES FLETCHER, Ottawa.

ALL crops grown are liable to be estimated at $15,000,000; and it was reduced in value by the attacks even greater in the State of Ohio. In of insect enemies which beset 1857 the loss exceeded that of 1854; them from the time the seed is sown and in Canada in the same year the until the mature crop is harvested. Wheat Midge destroyed 8,000,000 Conservative estimates by experts put bushels of wheat. The Chinch Bug in this loss at one-tenth of the whole the year 1864 destroyed $73,000,000 value of an average crop, and many worth of wheat and corn in the State claim that this figure is far lower then of Illinois. The Rocky Mountain Lo¬ is actually the case. It will be recog¬ cust has been the cause of widespread nized by all that insects abound every¬ devastation and of the loss of many where and sometimes not only injure millions of dollars, both in the West¬ seriously the crops of our fields and ern States and in Canada. The Phyl¬ gardens but also attack our live stock, loxera of the grape, an American in¬ our orchards, vineyards and forests, as sect which was accidentally introduced well as our food and clothing, our into France, by its attacks on the vines houses and even ourselves. There is of that country, disorganized the wine no plant known which has no insect trade of the whole world. Dr. L. O. enemies, and some have more than one Howard recently gave, in the prin¬ hundred different kinds which derive cipal address before the Section of their nourishment from them. The Economic Zoology of the Seventh In¬ apple tree alone has upwards of 360 ternational Zoological Congress, at distinct pests which prey upon its Boston, in August, 1907, some striking leaves, fruit, wood and roots. The figures showing the power of insects plum, pear and cherry, the oak, ash, to affect the wealth of nations. The elm and pine, all have their special Gypsy Moth and Browntail Moth have depredators. A loss of one-tenth of already necessitated an expenditure of a crop is seldom noticed unless steps over $2,000,000 in the effort to control have been taken to protect a similar their ravages. The Mexican Cotton crop grown under the same conditions Boll Weevil has done an enormous so that a comparison may be made. amount of damage, and the fears it has The late Dr. J. A. Lintner, of New aroused in the cotton growing countries York, in his first annual report, gives have threatened a disturbance in the some remarkable figures which are balance of trade of the entire world. well attested. The loss to the wheat During seasons of its greatest abund¬ crop in the State of New York in 1854, ance the damage in the Southern States from the Wheat Midge alone, was has occasionally been estimated at 424 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

$30,000,000; and to the loss from this have found that, by a regular applica¬ insect must be added an additional tion of this wash, not only the San Jose amount due to the well known pests, Scale is destroyed but many other the Cotton Worm, and the Cotton Boll fungus and insect enemies of fruit Worm. trees are kept in check, and that the Not only have millions of dollars trees actually increase in vigor. been lost from the direct attacks of In 1904 Professor F. M. Webster, insects upon crops, but many millions one of the most eminent of our Ameri¬ more have been expended in studying can students of insects, made the start¬ their habits and in efforts to control ling statement that “it costs the them. As evidence of the value of this American farmer more to feed his in¬ work done against injurious insects sect foes than it does to educate his may be cited the large expenditures children.” Professor Slingerland, of annually voted by governments to Cornell University, commenting on carry on the work. The United States this and carrying on the same train Government appropriated no less than of thought, said: “The yearly losses $650,000 for entomological purposes in from insect ravages aggregate nearly the fiscal year ending June 1908. The twice as much as it costs to maintain United States Entomologist has now our army and navy, more than twice a staff of 100 experts working with the loss by fire, twice the capital in¬ him in his bureau at Washington; and vested in manufacturing agricultural over 200 more officials are employed implements, and nearly three times the by him in making investigations in the estimated value of the products of all field upon insect pests. the fruit orchards, vineyards and small Much attention has recently been fruit farms in the country.” He also drawn to the value of knowledge of in¬ pointed out that New York was then sects, by the excessive ravages, and spending a little more than $40,000,000 successful efforts to control it, of the yearly on its entire school system, or San Jose Scale in North America. Mr. about $6 per capita. As about a W. H. Bunting, one of the leading fruit million people were living on the farms growers of Ontario, gave it as his in New York, the farmers’ share of opinion, in a lecture lately delivered this great educational fund was about in Ottawa, that the appearance of the $6,000,000. One could say, therefore, San Jose Scale in the fruit orchards of that it cost New York farmers more Ontario had been one of the best things than twice as much to feed their insect for the fruit growers that had ever foes as to pay their share of maintain¬ happened. The efforts necessary to ing the schools for educating their keep this dire enemy in check and to children. To come nearer home, the grow paying crops of fruit, had brought agricultural products of the Province about better methods of working or- of Ontario, in 1906, were $220,000,000; chards than had ever previously been the cost of education to the Province practised. The San Jose Scale is was $5,000,000; and the losses by in¬ known to be very hard to control; but sects, one-tenth of the value of the all the best fruit growers now acknowl¬ crop harvested, were $22,000,000. Thus edge that a practical remedy is avail¬ it cost the farmers of Ontario in 1906 able in the lime and sulphur wash, and more than four times as much to feed THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 425 injurious insects as it did to tices in working land, fertilizing the educate the future citizens upon soil and rotating crops, which are uni¬ whom the progress of the. country versally recognized as good farming. depends. These methods will vary according to In view of the above facts, the circumstances, such as climate, soil, remarkable apathy of the farmers of and the aggregated experience of the this country, towards the losses which most successful tillers of the soil in they suffer from insect foes, and the the locality. Good farming, it is true, wide-spread neglect which prevails in is the greatest safeguard against carrying out regularly remedial mea¬ losses from injurious insects and from sures which it had been proved will noxious weeds; but no one can doubt save a large proportion of this loss, are the great value of special knowledge. some of the unintelligible mysteries of With our excellent agricultural col¬ the present day, which cannot, and leges in Canada, we should be able probably never will, be explained. to look forward hopefully to the devel¬ Professor H. T. Fernald, of Massachu¬ opment of a class of farmers better setts, when speaking to the Associa¬ equipped to succeed in their chosen tion of Economic Entomologists in life-work than were their forefathers, Chicago last winter, referred to this who had none of the present-day ad¬ curious attitude of those most inter¬ vantages of a practical common-sense ested, and urged that efforts should be training in many of the lines of special made to change it as soon as possible. scientific investigation now recognized He feared, however, that it would be as an integral part of advanced agri¬ necessary to wait for a new generation culture. of farmers, better educated primarily As stated above, every cultivated in elementary schools where Nature crop suffers from insect enemies; but Study has been made a regular part it has been shown that, with a small of the training of boys and girls, and amount of accurate, definite knowl¬ then in agricultural colleges such as edge of the habits of insects, a very were to be found in every State of the large proportion of this loss may be Union, and which, in even a more per¬ prevented. A great deal has been done fect state of development, we now have by earnest students of insect life, and in Canada. practical remedies are now available This seeming apathy may to a for most of the regularly occurring measure be explained by the fact that pests of the farm. For the effective experience has shown how certain use of remedies, a certain knowledge satisfactory results may, as a usual of the habits and structure of insects is thing, be secured; but experience, al¬ necessary, so that on the sudden ap¬ though it teaches surely, teaches pearance of an enemy, the proper slowly, and these results can in no way remedy may be used and at the time compare with those which could be when it will be most efficacious. Every secured by one who was on the alert farmer, therefore, who is possessed of to take advantage of the latest discov¬ even an elementary knowledge of in¬ eries by which labor may be saved and sects and their habits, is armed with dangerous foes avoided or conquered. what may be of enormous value to him There are certain principles and prac¬ (entirely disproportionate with the 426 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. small amount of trouble taken in ac¬ and parasitic enemies' of injurious quiring it) when an outbreak of some species. unknown or unusual insect enemy may A conspicuous defect in the prepara¬ occur. In acquiring this special knowl¬ tion of some of those who are engaged edge of insects, a farmer should endea¬ in practical entomology to-day, is a vor, first of all, to grasp general lack of knowledge of the elementary principles, such as, what an insect principles of agriculture itself, of which really is and how it differs from other this branch of science is only a part. small animals, what the broad differ¬ This lack has sometimes rendered ences are which separate Biting Insects suggestions useless, or, at any rate, from Sucking Insects, so that the has made them unattractive to the proper remedies, active or preventive, farmers whom it was desired to help. may be chosen. The difference in Not only is a knowledge of insects and habits of the various classes, groups of their habits an essential part of the and families while passing through training of a farmer, but a knowledge their four stages of development, will of farming and horticulture, is equally among other things enable him to essential to the practical entomologist, distinguish to a large extent those if he would aspire to do the most use¬ orders in which he is likely to find his ful work possible in his profession, to worst enemies and many helpful his own honor and to the greatest allies, such as the predaceous advantage of his agricultural associates.

Photo by Lucie Bailey We speed or dream upon the open meres; The woodlands fold us' in their pungent gloom; —Lampman. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 427

Tennyson's Use of Nature in In Memoriam/’

By WILLIAM HOUSTON, M.A.

AMONG the many notable aspects If the reader of “In Memoriam’'’ does of “In Memoriam,” this is by nothing more he will be richly re¬ no means the least interesting warded by going through the poem and or important. All of Tennyson’s making a classified list of all the na¬ poems show that he was a keen and tural objects named in it, with the persistent observer of natural objects. characteristics specified by the poet He had a quick eye for form and color, and some account of his purpose in and an acute ear for sounds. This introducing them just where they oc¬ inference from internal evidence is cur. He will find that Tennyson was amply borne out by the testimony of fond of the sea in all its moods and those who were intimately acquainted tenses, that he took a deep interest in with him, or were much in his com¬ the heavenly bodies, that he could pany. Bayard Taylor tells of a walk he speak of trees and of towns by names took with Tennyson over part of the and peculiarities, and that he was Isle of Wight, and of his astonishment familiar with birds and could make apt at the poet’s knowledge of the geol¬ use of both their songs and their habits. ogy of the locality. The fact that A few citations will illustrate this Shakespeare, Milton and Goethe were point: also close observers of nature makes one suspect that it is impossible to be “And only through the faded leaf a great ooet without making free use The chestnut pattering to the ground.” of this source of inspiration and store¬ “Than some dead lake house of analogies. That holds the shadow of a lark It should be noted of Tennyson that, Hung in the shadow of a heaven.” like other great writers, he does not leave himself open to the suspicion of “I do but sing because I must having introduced his touches of nature And pipe but as the linnets sing.” for the mere purpose of displaying his knowledge or adorning his verse. It “Dark yew which graspeth at the will be found that he cites natural ob¬ stones.” jects, processes or laws as a means of making more effective the expression “Short swallow-flights of song that dip of his thought. Many of his brief de¬ Their wings in tears and skim away.” scriptions are, of course, exquisitely beautiful, but that is because he was “The flies of latter spring always the artist and did not work That lay their eggs, and sting, and sing, “without a conscience or an aim.” And weave their petty cells and die.” 428 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

“Bring orchids, bring- the foxglove “No joy the flowing season gives spire, The herald melodies of Spring.” The little speedwells darling blue, “O thou New Year, delaying long, Deep tulips dash’d with firey dew, Delayest the sorrow in my blood, Laburnums, dropping wells of fire.” That longs to burst a frozen bud ‘‘When rosy plumelets tuft the larch, And flood a fresher throat with song.” And rarely pipes the mounted thrush Or underneath the barren bush The anniversary of Hallam’s death, Flits by the sea—blue bird of March.” a stormy autumn day, is described as “issuing out of night, “The brook shall babble down the With blasts that blow the poplar plain, white, At noon, or when the lesser wain And lash with storm the streaming Is twisting round the polar star.” pane.” “Sad Hesper o’er the buried sun.” Hallam’s birth-day is described as “Bright Phosphor, fresher for the night.” “A bitter day that early sank Behind a purple-frosty bank “Sweet Hesper-Phosphor, double name Of vapor, leaving night forlorn.” For what is one, the first the last, Thou, like my present and my past, Among the things that recall Tenny¬ Thy place is changed; thou are the son’s “Old Affection of the Tomb,” same.” and at the same time urge him to seek But natural objects, as such, how¬ “A friendship for the years to come,” ever, deftly used by the poet, would are: fail to make the deep impression on “Summer on the steaming floods the reader that is produced by refer¬ And Spring that swells the narrow ences to the great processes through brooks, which nature reaches her results. A And Autumn with a noise of rocks merely statical view of nature is not That gather in the waning woods.” simply unsatisfying, it is impossible. The most outstanding characteristic When the tide that comes up the of the universe is its mobility. Noth¬ Severn twice a day from the ocean ing is at rest; all is force and motion. “hushes half the babbling Wye,” its The dynamical view of nature is not tributary, then only the most impressive but the only possible one that can be taken by the “The Wye is hushed nor moved along, thoughtful observer. The recurrence And hush’d my deepest grief of all. of the seasons is noted throughout the When, fill’d with tears that cannot poem. In the “In Memoriam” the two fall, friends I brim with sorrow-drowning song.

“From April on to April went, The tide flows down, the wave again And glad at heart from May to May.” Is vocal in its wooded walls; “And all the secret of the Spring My deeper anguish also falls, Moved in the chambers of the blood.” And I can speak a little then.” THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 429

The perspective of the universe is a operation of forces at work in our own familiar thought with Tennyson. Is it time, and not by cataclysms such as the fact the older geologists imagined, was “that the past will always win quite familiar to Tennyson: A glory from its being far; “The moanings of the homeless .sea, And orb into the perfect star The sound of streams that swift or We saw not, when we moved therein?” slow He is aware of the changes in the Draw down Aeonion hills, and sow face of the sun: The dust of continents to be.

“The very source and fount of day “There rolls the deep where grew the Is dash’d with wandering isles of tree, night.” O earth, what changes hast thou The law of gravitation underlies seen! phenomena of various sorts; one of There where the long street roars, these is noted by Tennyson in this hath been stanza: The stillness of the central sea.

“Thy spirit ere our fatal loss “The hills, are shadows, and they flow Did even rise from high to higher, From farm to farm, and nothing As mounts the heaven-ward altar-fire stands; As flies the lighter through the gross.” They melt like mists, the solid lands, Like clouds they shape themselves and He was able to anticipate the psycho¬ go.” physicists in their view of the relation of mind to body: Not less familiar are Darwin’s con¬ “The body new to earth and sky, ceptions of “natural selection,” and What time his tender hands is prest the “survival of the fittest:” Against the circle of the breast “Are God and nature then at strife, Has never thought that ‘this is I.’ ” That nature lends such evil dreams? So careful of the type she seems, He could easily and aptly describe a So careless of the single life; simple and well-known physical phe¬ nomenon : “That I, considering everywhere Her secret meaning in her deeds, “Break, thou deep vase of chilling tears, And finding that of fifty seeds She often brings but one to bear,” That grief hath shaken into frost.” sfc 5!; * * * * The peculiarities of animals he can “So careful of the type? but no, use at will to illustrate a point. If From scarped cliff and quarried there were no life beyond this then : stone “’Twere best at once to sink to peace, She cries, ‘A thousand types are Like birds the charming serpent gone: draws, I care for nothing, all shall go. To drop head-foremost in the jaws “Thou makest thine appeal to me; Of vacant darkness and to cease.” I bring to life, I bring to death; Sir Charles Lyell’s theory of the The spirit does but mean the breath, formation of the earth’s crust by the I know no more.” 430 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

And, when, as he rises to a height of If all your office had to do permanent exaltation toward the close With old results that look like new of the poem, he turns to both the phys¬ If this were all your mission here, ical and the social world for his illus¬ “To draw, to sheathe a useless sword trations, he once more shows himself To fool the crowd with glorious lies an evolutionist of the noblest type: To cleave a creed in sects and cries “The love that rose on stronger wings, To change the bearing of a word, Unpalsied when he met with death, “To shift an arbitrary frown, Is comrade of the lesser faith To cramp the student at his desk, That sees the course of human things. To make old bareness picturesque “No doubt vast eddies in the flood And tuft with grass a feudal town ; Of onward time shall yet be made, “Why then by scorn might well de And throned races may degrade; scend Yet O ye mysteries of good. On you and yours, I see in part “Wild hours that fly with hope and That all, as in some piece of art, fear, Is toil co-operant to an end.

Photo by Lucie Bailey.

I steal by lawns and grassy plots, I slide by hazel covers; I move the sweet forget-me-nots That grow for happy lovers. —Tennyson THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 431

The Reforestation of Waste Lands.

By E. J. Zavitz, M.S.

TO-DAY when much is heard of of course are relegated to very inferior the needs of a forestry policy it soils. may be of interest to review or We have throughout the older parts take stock of the existing conditions in of the Province large tracts of lands Ontario, especially in that older por¬ which will probably never be suited to tion of the Province known as Agri¬ agriculture. These areas are largely cultural Ontario. pure sand soils or thin soils on rocky When the pioneer entered this formations. region, he found the forest an almost Cut No. i shows a sand formation in impenetrable barrier. Norfolk County, which possesses a In these early days the soil was History. This land was originally chiefly cleared for food production covered with a splendid growth of purposes, but following this came years White Pine, White Oak, Chestnut and of crude exploitation mainly for the other valuable trees. Through ages of value of the timber as a produce. accumulation of leaf litter, etc., on the Clearing has gone on until we have soil, this land to the early 'settler in many counties as low as five per seemed very fertile. cent, of so called, woodlands. In an Owing to its porous, sandy character agricultural country where intensive it was warm and naturally drained methods of tilling and cropping are be¬ well. ing developed is there room for for¬ At first it grew splendid crops of estry. wheat, but it gradually lost its humus In other words are there soils in content as well as the more important older Ontario which we can afford to minerals - necessary for agricultural devote to the production of wood crops. crops, and to-day it is considered The soils of any country, gradually worthless. In the area shown in Cut i, fall into two classes which may be there are the remains of an old farm termed “absolute forest soils” and house and two old apple trees. In this “agricultural soils.” It would be dif¬ locality there is about two thousand ficult to accurately define where agri¬ acres of such land and about the bord¬ cultural soil ends and absolute forest ers may be seen farms which are soil begins, but roughly we can say abandoned, soon to reach the condition that soil which will give a better rental shown in Cut i. return, producing wood crops than Norfolk County has at least five food crops, is absolute forest soil. thousand acres of lands which must We find that in Germany where some day be relegated to the produc¬ both agriculture and forestry are high¬ tion of forest crops. ly developed that only about fifty per Cut No. 2, shows another type of cent, of the soil is tilled. Forest crops waste land along Lake Huron. This 432 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. land is lake shore, sand hill formation the neighborhood of 70,000 acres of and no attempt has been made to farm such absolute forest soil. it. The lumbermen have gone through We have in various parts of South¬ and taken out the better classes of ern Ontario lands similar to those timber after which fires have followed described, and it is quite safe to say destroying much of the humus in the that there will eventually be over five soil. At present the sand is shifting hundred square miles of these lands and prevents the young growth of not including Muskoka and Parry evergreens from obtaining a foothold. Sound. Cut No. 3 shows the type of sand It is generally admitted that these plains to be found in Simcoe County. lands can only be made productive by This sand does not blow easily and is being managed for timber crops.

Photo by E. J. Zavitz.

SAND PLAINS IN CHARLOTTEVILLE TOWNSHIP, NORFOLK COUNTY. covered with a sparse growth of weeds. There are many reasons why such The trees noticed are mostly Red or soils should be farmed for wood crops. Norway pine, and this area once pro¬ While there are many indirect argu¬ duced splendid specimens of red pine. ments for the adoption of a reforesta¬ Attempts have frequently been made tion policy, the strongest appeal to to use this land for agriculture and oc¬ many must be that lands thus man¬ casionally some unsuspecting victim aged will in time produce a direct buys a cheap farm. revenue. This land would soon be restocked Saxony, where typical German forest with red pine if it were not for the management exists, in 1905 received a repeated ground fires which sweep over net revenue of $1,900,000 from 420,000 the area. In Simcoe County there is in acres of forest land or a net revenue THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 433 of $4.50 per acre per annum. Many dollars in labor earnings and give rise other cases could be cited where state to a labor earning of over 75,000,000 managed forests are producing similar dollars in wood-working industries. revenues. It is often asserted that we If such areas were again placed cannot expect to manage forest prop¬ under forest it would assist to insure erty as economically as is done in this older part of the Province against Germany. a wood famine for its local industries.

MOVING SAND IN LAMBTON COUNTY, KILLING THE REMNANTS OF FOREST GROWTH.

While labor is cheaper in Germany Another feature to be considered is than in Ontario, wood prices are much that to-day Ontario imports almost all the same, and we shall gradually ap¬ of the valuable hardwoods used in the proach economic conditions which Arts. Our northern forests do not prevail in many parts of Germany. produce these hardwoods, and we are The confidence of business men in practically dependent upon hardwoods reforestation is also shown by the fact grown in the United States and the that several large concerns in the tropics. All are familiar with the United States are actually carrying on gradual rise in the price of hardwoods replanting work. Notable cases are and the fact that it is becoming in¬ the Pennsylvania Railroad in Pennsyl¬ creasingly difficult to obtain our supply vania, the Cleveland-Cliff Iron Co., in from the south. In some of these waste Northern Michigan, and the Merschon areas it is possible to produce such Lumber Co., of Saginaw, Michigan. valuable hardwoods as oak and chest¬ The management of waste lands as nut, etc. a forest property would give employ¬ In many cases these sandy forma¬ ment to many who find it difficult to tions are shifting and covering better get winter employment under present classes of soil. This is particularly conditions. true in Norfolk, Lambton and Prince German forests afford 35,000,000 Edward Counties. 434 THE O. A C. REVIEW.

I occasionally receive correspond¬ has every year thousands of local visi¬ ence asking for assistance to prevent tors. These areas being properly man¬ such conditions. aged for forest purposes, would be Maintenance of forest conditions on splendid object lessons in forestry and these areas would improve conditions general forest management to visitors of stream flow and climate, as well as from surrounding communities. providing natural haunts for birds, etc. Successful reclamation and manage¬ I find that occasionally land agents ment of these absolute forest soils can manage to sell farms to persons ignor¬ only be developed under state control. ant of the actual conditions in these The long time element involved in areas. Although only one prominent maturing wood crops discourages pri¬ case has come under my observation, vate investment. History of forestry still there is always a possibility of in older countries goes to prove that this occurring. private individuals cannot be depended If such areas were managed as pro¬ on to properly manage forest proper¬ vincial forests they would be preserved ties. Cupidity or lack of judgment to the people of the province as health¬ may at any future time undo the work ful pleasure grounds for all time to of a generation. The only solution of come. the problem is in the segregation of The need for such areas is well these lands to be permanently managed shown in the fact that Rondeau Park as provincial forests.

RED PINE PLAINS IN SIMCOE COUNTY. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 435

Our Early Spring Flowers.

By DAN. H. JONES. '08. /

During the latter look to note how deep they are, we half of April and the see the first flower of the season—the early days of May modest'hepatica. Winter’s bands are our earliest wood¬ burst, and by how frail a flower. land flowers make Let us note the beauty of the bloom their first appear¬ and if we can the means whereby it ance. At this time of was enabled to reveal itself so early the year the country, in the season. What a soft and tender as a rule, presents a tint the petals are!—mauve, light blue, somewhat dreary as¬ pale pink, or perhaps a darker blue pect. The meadows with bordering lines of white. How are a dirty brown, long and slender is the stem ! and for a hepatica. and the passing of purpose too, has it not had to force its the snow has left them in disorder. It way through five or six inches of rot¬ may be here and there in shaded nooks ting leaves! And now let us remove a little snow is left, but this will in¬ these hindrances that cluster all round variably be dirty, having on its surface it; and here what do we find? Lying some of the winter’s litter. This en¬ prone upon the ground we see ten or a hances the dreariness of the scene. If, dozen long stemmed leaves of last however, we have some time to spare, season’s production, green and full of say on a Sunday morning or Saturday the sap of life; and if we lay bare the afternoon, when the business of the week is over, and, tired of reading books or taking air upon the city streets, we play truant from church and wend our way to the woods, we shall undoubtedly, if we have any appreciation of nature whatever, be well repaid for our exertions. Directly we enter the bush the charm peculiar to the place lays hold upon us. At once we forget the outer world and as we drink in the fragrant air, the peace and quietness and refreshing recreation we were longing for is ours. The birds make merry overhead as crown we notice that the plant has a they flit from tree to tree carolling for fleshy base. Here it is, so scientists very joy. The leaves beneath our feet say, that the plant stores up the need¬ rustle as we move along, and as we ful food enabling it to flower so early 4,l6 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. in the year. “Consider the lilies how there it is, a dainty, delicate, prim they grow.” little flower, its blossom not more than So our attention now is turned half an inch across when fully open; towards the flowers. Having seen one the petals pink streaked with darker we look for more, and as we move veins; the flowers hanging in a loose along we spy a bank that’s bare raceme upon a slender stalk five inches of leafy carpet. Upon its slope long, and no foliage other than two we see a bit of pink, which on little pointed leaves gracefully posed nearer view proves to be the blossom the one against the other half way of the spring beauty, cheerily lifting towards the top. The chord it strikes up its brightly-tinted face to welcome in us is one of gladness. This, perhaps, the diffused light of the sun as it is all the flowers that we shall see on glances down through the yet unfoli- this occasion. But if we come along a aged trees. To look at it makes one fortnight later the bloodroot will force feel as Wordsworth did when for the itself upon our notice with its glisten¬ first time he recognized the beauty of ing white, starlike blooms. It is a very the little celandine. Although it had attractive flower, though not so soft existed around him in profusion for and delicate in ap¬ more than thirty years, he, according pearance as the He- to his own confession, had npt been patica. Yet its clear, conscious of its presence. But one day sharp outline, and on noticing the flower, his nature-lov¬ the spotless purity of ing heart was constrained to render a its white petals are glowing tribute to its daintiness :— sure to demand and win our admiration Pansies, lilies, kugcups, daisies, as we pass it by in Let them live upon their praises. the sheltered nooks Long as there’s a sun that sets, or fence corners. It Primroses will have their glory. will be in evidence Long as there are violets, in all stages of de- trillium. They will have a place in story. velopment. If we notice a series of There’s a flower that shall be mine, plants illustrating the growth from the ’Tis the little celandine. early stages to maturity, we shall see Thus we give to that it has a very ingenious device for the little spring protecting the young flower bud in its beauty a joyous struggle towards the light. The bud is welcome as it an¬ terminal on a fleshy stem. Around it nounces the advent is a protecting sheath, and around this of fairer days. It again completely enfolding it is a large seems perhaps au¬ foliage leaf. With the bud so wrapped dacious on the part up and protected from injury, the stem of so small a thing rapidly forces its way up through the to come forth so debris of the forest floor until it has boldly and herald reached nearly its full height. The the approach of the flower bud then gradually pushes its

BLOODROOT. vernal season. But way through and above the enfolding THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 437

leaf. Then the sepal sheath falls away found scattered all over it. Science and the bud opens out into the glisten¬ teaches that purple has the power to ing starlike flower, a thing of beauty intercept and retain the heat rays of and a joy to behold. The name of the the sun much more so than green. plant is suggestive. If we break the stem near the root a bright red juice will exude in considerable quantities. Query,—how does such a strongly-col¬ ored juice produce so dazzling'white a flower? The Dutchman’s breeches and the squirrel corn next claim our attention. They are much alike in structure and in general appearance, somewhat more modest and unassuming than the blood- root. The flowers of both are white or

pale yellow, hanging in racemes or WILD GINGER. rather slender stems, Now the leaves which come later in the some six or seven season when the days are warmer are inches long. The all green; and such a fact suggests leaves of both are that the purple-blotched early leaves very similar and are are a device for getting heat on cold much cut into around days in early spring. the borders — multi¬ Next we find the violets abounding fid according to sci¬ in profusion. The common blue, the entists. There is a sweet white, the downy and the yellow, slight difference in with here and there the long-spurred color, however, es¬ and a feAV other varieties of this much pecially on the under¬ favored order are found in bunches

DOGTOOTH side where squirrel almost everywhere we turn in the rich VIOLET. corn is tinged with loamy woods. purple while the Dutchman’s breeches Mention must also be made of the is a pure pale green. long-stalked, spreading-leaved, insigni¬ In another week the white and purple ficant-flowered blue cohosh. This plant Trilliums will add their gracious pres¬ spreads abroad its leaves to the breeze, ence to the ever increasing company of which sways them to and fro like the woodland flowers. Tall and dignified, fronds of some graceful fern. It is with gracefully drooping heads, they perhaps the least inviting of any of our arrest our attention and elicit our spring flowers. The leaves are a pur¬ admiration. plish-green with a dash of indigo. Its Next comes the dog-tooth violet, small, insignificant flowers are often hid which by the way is not a violet but a from the notice of the casual observer lily. Its bright yellow flower stands by the leaves with which they are in out clear and distinct from its sur¬ color practically identical. roundings. A peculiarity of the leaf Next we notice the meadow rue is the numerous purple blotches to be looking something like an enlarged 438 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. maiden-hair fern, tall and straggling; help to brighten the characteristic and in striking contrast to this we see dreary aspect of early spring, and the barren wild strawberry and the remind us that fairer days are at hand, bright little gold-thread nestling down that summer is coming along with all among the moss and short grass. Anon its effulgence of beauty; and then we comes the sweet cicely with its pleas¬ feel as “Pippa” did when she sang her antly aromatic odor; the pepper-root, song: or crinkly-root, and the wild ginger, the flower of which, near the ground, The year’s in the spring, modestly hangs down its head until The spring is at morn; sometimes it touches the earth itself, The morn is at seven, for it is fertilized by ground insects The hillside’s dew-pearled; rather than by the fliers. These with The lark’s on the wing, others such as jack-in-the-pulpit and The snail’s on the thorn; skunk cabbage, both of which may be God’s in his heaven, found in boggy places hard to get at, All’s well with the world.

The Passing of the Forest in Relation to the Flora.

By H. GROM, '08. THE passing of the forest in its bear¬ light demands upon the products of ing upon agriculture, is a theme the soil was almost alone in the in¬ which has become almost trite terior, the forest was allowed to stand in our ears, from the frequency of its and reproduce, subject alone to the discussion. Of its relation to the flora conditions imposed by the natural we have perhaps heard and thought struggle for existence. In this strug¬ less; and yet this phase of the question, gle it had gained the ascendancy, and besides possessing considerable .inter¬ extended with little interruption over est, is by no means lacking in import¬ valley and hill alike. Its absolute sway ance. In the lines which follow, we was redeemed from any possibility of can hope only to introduce for monotony, by its richness in species, further thought on the part of each and the endless ways in which one reader, some of the changes in the and then another of these species pre¬ vegetation which follow in the wake ponderated, as the conditions placed it of settlement. at an advantage over its fellows. Such One hundred years ago, when the plants as could survive the predomin- population of Ontario was confined for ence of the trees or flourished best the greater part to a mere fringe along under their shade and protection, con¬ the Great Lakes and rivers bounding stituted a luxuriant undergrowth, the province, and the Indian with his which still further removed any sug- THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 439 gestion of monotony. Any plants It would exceed the limits of this other than these, were of necessity less article to dwell separately upon each characteristic members of the forest of the various conditions whose crea¬ society, and maintained themselves as tion has forced the wild flowers, ferns, best they could, whenever the odds and mosses of the forest floor, to fol¬ were least against them. low its receding margin. Drainage, No sooner did settlement begin, the invasion of the sod, the exposure than these more or less stable asso¬ to the full, strong light and winds of ciations of plants at once commenced the open; .these are but a few of the to undergo change. The substitution insidious foes, in the presence of which of the cultivated plants of orchard, field existence for them became impossible. and garden, for the forest cover of the To these we are forced to add one soil, which was in itself the first and more—the vandalism of the race, most obvious of the changes which whose proudest boast in dispossessing have taken place, has continued, as we the red man of his forest home, has well know, until many counties in been that ‘‘the desert should blossom older Ontario have now over ninety as the rose.” What have we really per cent, of their area under this new brought to pass? We have caused the type of vegetation, or lying barren of earth to “laugh forth into beautiful all but grass and shrubby herbage. harvests” for the sustenance of teem¬ AVe are recognizing to-day that we ing populations; and these multitudes have much exceeded wisdom in our have sallied forth to wantonly strip destruction of the woodlands; but re¬ it of the few remaining flowers, whose grettable as the loss of the trees may persistence would serve to add grace be from our pecuniary viewpoint, the and beauty to the nooks and by-ways consequences to the flora of the pro¬ beyond their doors. Only look at the vince, are in much a truer sense, irre¬ denuded retreats of Toronto’s Don— parable. and of our own picturesque Speed. When once we feel keenly enough We have simply to go out a short the necessity for it, we will replant ten miles, and there discover the un¬ such of our lands as would be better disturbed profusion of the trailing covered with trees; and before another arbutus and many sister flowers, in hundred years has passed, we can have their haunts, to realize how pitilessly a generation of trees like those which they have been driven back from the have been removed, if we so desire. presence of men. The Germans and others are already What, then, if anything, does our demonstrating what can be done in flora gain in exchange for the airy husbanding the source of wood supply. forms and fragrance of the wild But plantations are not forests, and flowers? We introduce rich grains, will never give back to us the wealth fruits, and ornamental plants, and till of forest verdure, nor the unconven¬ the ground to suit their wants; and this tional charm of the primeval wildwood, same commerce and agriculture brings which in our blindness we have with it thistles, mustards, and bur¬ squandered. The blow of the pioneer’s docks, for an eyesore and a plague. axe accomplishes more than merely the Surely we cannot allow the native felling of the trees. flowers to disappear for want of the 440 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. sentiment necessary for their preserva¬ on watercourses, etc. The destructive tion. spring freshets and floods, followed by What is said of the smaller plants, seasons of drought, and the sweeping is demanded on behalf of the woods winds, which are drawbacks of so themselves. We have burned, and many older settled countries, are pastured, and culled, and neglected, directly traceable to this cause. The until the few acres which remain at experience of such countries as Pales¬ the rear of the farm, or along the river tine, parts of China, and even of Spain, bank, are sorry remnants indeed, of should suffice to show how arid lands that forest which has been the glory are produced; and should serve as a and pride of Canadians. The towering warning to us. May we profit by it, pines, and girthy maples and elms, while the trees are still ours. It is a once the admiration of all, are making hopeful sign, that the Government of room for ironwoods, blue beech, and our Dominion has seen fit recently to other trees, which are as truly weeds set aside for perpetual forest, the whole as any pest in the fields. Waste places eastern slope of the Rockies; thus en¬ which were at one time foolishly un¬ suring the permanence of the streams covered, or which have been swept which have their source in its wooded over since their exposure to the sweep¬ sides, and mean so much to the pro¬ ing winds of the open country, are ductiveness of the broad plains of the growing up, not to the valuable trees western provinces. Similarly com¬ which they bore formerly, but largely mendable is the policy of creating* to the freer-seeding, worthless poplars forest preserves in the highlands of and white birches. It is encouraging Ontario. to know that more interest is being These tracts of unbroken forest will taken in the proper and judicious help materially, not only in keeping management of these wood-lots; and this a land of varied products, but it is to be hoped that we shall not also in preserving to future generations much longer be called upon to the aesthetic influences of virgin na¬ witness mistakes like those of ture. With this assured, who can con¬ the past. ceive of Canada as the home of any but To realize yet more forcibly what a worthy race; true to the soil, jealous is the effect upon vegetation of the of their nation’s high destiny, and passing of the forest, we have only to ready to stand by their fullest concep¬ consider its influence on the climate, tion of right and duty. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 441

Reading in the Farm Home*

By G. LE LECHEUR.

The Following Article is the Second Year Prize-Winning Essay*

THE great importance of reading is in the-welfare of the people around not generally recognized in the them. These may be acquired through average rural home. Here, we the medium of reading. too often find a few scattered books But the busy, work-a-day farmer lying around in out-of-the-way places. asks, “How am I to get the time?” and They frequently consist of some wishy- possibly this is one of the hardest washy books for the younger members points to solve to his satisfaction. By of the family, and perhaps some light making an intelligent study of his work novels and catchy magazines which and the principles underlying it, he serve as the mental food for the more could so rearrange his methods that mature. The father possibly limits they would not require nearly so much himself to the daily or weekly paper; time as they do at present. Many while the mother has, as her friend and farmers, through lack of information, adviser, some faithful cook-book. The are still sticking to old, obsolete result of this reading is seen all too methods which not only require much plainly in the lives of those whom it more time but do not give as good re¬ satisfies. In conversation, their great sults. Much of their efifort is fruitless stock-in-trade consists of the small and oftentimes they are actually losing doings of the neighborhood, including money. Indeed, the spectacle is by no choice bits of slander and gossip. They means uncommon of men selling their go on in the same old ruts, possibly farms because they cannot make a priding themselves on sticking to the living on them. Intelligent reading principle—“What was good enough for would not only be a means of saving father is good enough for me.” time and bringing increased returns— However, we are glad to note that thus necessitating less work for a this condition is slowly but surely be¬ living—but would give an interest to coming a thing of the past. Whether the work which would make it a plea¬ owing to a natural evolution of man¬ sure rather than a drudgery. kind or to a change in conditions, we Many people do not really know how cannot say; but it is indeed true that to read. Some read so that they be¬ the time is rapidly passing when any¬ come practically intoxicated. They one can make a living by farming: he rant over without applying their rea¬ may exist but he cannot live. Thinking soning powers, without questioning people are coming to realize that to be the statements. To read properly one progressive, up-to-date farmers they must weigh and consider—“Will it suit must have an intelligent understanding my case?” or using the Biblical text, of their work, a knowledge of public he must “prove all things.” He should and political questions, and an interest not be afraid of wasting time by re- 442 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. reading, as he will often get more by agricultural paper and the agricultural reading the second or even the third text . book. They are written by cap¬ time than from the first. One has not able men—specialists in their line— really mastered an article until he is and they deal with special phases of able to give the substance of it to an¬ agriculture. They are scientific, but other; and just here it may be said that are written in such a practical manner there is no better way of fixing it in that they may be understood by any his own mind. One must use judg¬ person of average ability. They are ment, weigh, consider, and apply if he up-to-date and are, therefore, more re¬ would truly master. liable than the average text book. In Now every farmer cannot avail him¬ this progressive age books soon become self of the advantages of attending a old unless they contain foundation college where the principles of agri¬ principles which never change. But culture, as known and practiced by the standard agricultural books fill an im¬ leading agriculturists of the world, are portant place in education for the taught; but he has the opportunity of farmer. reading in his own home on subjects It is little use to read the agricultural pertaining to his work. An abundance papers, etc., and then consider them of suitable reading material is open to finished. If it were possible to retain him, the most common of which is the the ideas set forth from a mere reading, agricultural papers. These are now we might indeed become “walking en¬ being published in almost every pro¬ cyclopedias.” The important thing is vince and the farmer should choose the to know where to find just what we ones most suitable to his conditions. want at a certain time, and this can be They contain the experience of some of best facilitated by having a library the leading agriculturists of the present properly indexed. The numbers of the day, and deal with questions of interest paper should be bound in with their to the average farmer in a very able index and kept for future reference. manner. The editorials are written by The bulletins and text books should be men who have a deep insight into agri¬ looked over carefully or read if op¬ cultural knowledge, men who have portunity offers, so that one may know a healthy view of agriculture and where to get information on any ques¬ are endeavoring to raise it to its tion which happens to come up. If proper position. Such papers are used in this way they may become a bound to give farmers a wider out¬ valuable fund of knowledge to the look and a greater respect for their owner. The agricultural papers, bn lie- work; and they give information ins, reports and standard books, which which, if applied with discrimination, may be procured from time to time, will go a long way towards making should form the basis of a good farm farm life more attractive and more library. profitable. But the farmer should be more than Other means of educating the farmer a mere machine. He will be a broader in his work are the free bulletins which and more useful man if he be public- are issued from time to time by the spirited, which means to take an in¬ different Departments of Agriculture. terest in the public questions of the They occupy a position between the day. If he is going to vote intelligently THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 443 he must inform himself oil such ques¬ newspaper is a varied periodical in¬ tions as the ownership of public utili¬ tended to suit the taste of the general ties, immigration, and transportation. public: some desiring one phase, others Besides these broader questions which another. Scare headlines, sporting affect the public generally he should news, and notorious happenings are be especially interested in questions not much use to the farmer. He must which concern his profession, namely: pick and choose in order to spend his the tariff, marketing of produce, and time to good advantage. Papers ap¬ agricultural education. By taking an proaching the yellow-journal type—the interest in these questions he may not mawkish, sensational papers which only improve matters so far as he him¬ apparently gloat over the degradation self is concerned but he may be of ser¬ of humanity — should be entirely vice in the broader sphere of humanity. tabooed. This is likely to remain an agricultural Magazines are supplementary to the country for some time to come, and the newspaper. And here again one needs farmers of Canada have it in their to use his. best judgment. There are power to better their condition through high-class magazines and low-class the franchise. Realizing their privi¬ ones; the former are fairly reliable leges they should so educate them¬ while the latter are written up in a selves that they may know what is style to supply the unnatural appetite best for them. The percentage of of a large number of people. The farmers in our parliaments is very matter in our average magazines is small when we compare the large num¬ manufactured by paid \correspondents ber engaged in agriculture with the who are too frequently satisfied if they numbers engaged in the other profes¬ can get interesting material even at the sions. Who knows better than the expense of reliability. Still the best farmer what is the best policy to pro¬ magazines—such as the Canadian mote his calling? Why should not Magazine and the American Outlook— more of our well-trained, prosperous contain much valuable information farmers occupy positions in the govern¬ and stories true to the life of the time ment? They themselves must answer which are interesting to the younger the question. members of the family. In looking for reading material on If the mother of the family has not public and political questions we must had a good training in home-making give the newspaper the more import¬ she should avail herself of the very best ant position. But too much depend¬ literature on such subjects as House¬ ence should not be placed on the views hold Economy, Hygiene, and Child of the party paper, as they are gener¬ Nature. The importance of these sub¬ ally prejudiced—better to get both jects is not sufficiently recognized al¬ sides if possible, and the independent though the intelligent and economical view as well. The best papers pro¬ management of the home, and the curable are none too good, and even health and training of the family de¬ they should be read with discrimina¬ pend on a knowledge of them. Some tion. The larger questions on the women “throw as much out the back editorial pages contain the gist of the door as their husbands bring in at the . paper and deserve due attention. The front”—they are poor managers, poor 444 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

cooks, and altogether incapable of run¬ which she can afford to devote to such ning a home. If all our Canadian girls matters as politics. The question of had to pass reasonable examinations on woman suffrage is not within the scope the general management of a home be¬ of this paper, but I merely remark in fore getting married, quite a number of passing that it should not be allowed them would die old maids, and in the to interfere with the proper manage¬ end it might be well for the country. ment of the home. The care and training of the child is But the father and mother may the most important task which can be follow out the suggested lines of read¬ intrusted to any individual. It is a ing and still not be well equipped for great truth that “Who rocks the cradle the battle of life. They should know rules the world,” and it is from the themselves, and have an intelligent mother in particular that the child re¬ knowledge of their relations to each ceives the bias and training which fits other and to their fellow-men. Their or unfits it for life. The home is the past training, their friendships, and basis of a nation’s greatness, because their reading from childhood have been it is there that her people get the most important factors to this 'end, but the important part of their training. No unfoldment of truth is progressive, and other organization can take its place, they may still do much to help it along not even the school or the church— by reading the great men and the great they may supplement it but nothing women who have given forth from more. The child has received its bent their experience and wisdom for the before ever it comes under the inflm uplift of humanity. The writings of ence of the school. The mother espe¬ these men and women are a noble cially has charge of its previous health heritage of .the past, put on record for and training in that period when is is in our guidance and development. This the most plastic condition—when it is life is too short to learn all by the bitter most easily made or marred. How im¬ lessons of experience; it behooves us, portant it is, then, that she should have therefore, to profit by the successes the best possible training for her and failures of others. The company duties! Reading is one means of get¬ of the great is elevating in our libraries, ting this training; in some cases, the just as it is in our drawing-rooms. chief method. Having treated the question of read¬ Although I treat of reading for the ing for the father and mother we must mother separately I do not mean that now turn our attention to the most im¬ she should keep rigidly to her own portant consideration—reading for the sphere and the husband to his. If they children, the boys and girls in the wish to get the most from their reading home. I say the most important con¬ and to keep in harmony with each sideration because it is in childhood other, there should be a reciprocating that the taste for reading is developed of ideas. They will have the fruits of and the habit formed. Not only is the their reading better fixed in their minds taste for reading developed then, but by so doing, and if they are really help¬ the taste for certain kinds of reading. meets they will work out their ideas in It is the duty of the parents to guide harmony together. Still I do maintain the reading according to the nature of that the mother has very little time the child. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 445

But first comes the formation of the “learned professions,” while the girl habit. A close observer will notice that may desire teaching, nursing, or some¬ the child has a very active imagination. thing else. In that case they will Some may describe it as an “over- naturally read according to their choice, active imagination/’ especially when but it is a fact that the choice of a pro¬ the little boy tells of seeing “fifty dogs fession generally follows from the in the yard with our Dash,” and under reading or the environment of the pressure afterwards narrows down to child. Right here, therefore, a great “at least one other dog.” This period deal can be done in educating the boys in the development of the child mind and girls towards the farm. An effort is perfectly natural, and need not be a should also be made to lead them out cause for worry; it should rather be in the noble literature of the past satisfied by nursery rhymes, Mother which was suggested for the parents. Goose stories, etc. A good story-teller The standard writers—Shakespeare, occupies a high place in the favor of Scott, Dickens, Longfellow, Carlyle, children : he will be “kept busy.” Story¬ and Tennyson—will never die because telling is quite an art, but in these days they have left themselves in books for of abundant literature much suitable the service of humanity. material may be procured and read to While considering reading for the the children. The value of reading boys and girls we cannot pass without aloud in the home, as a means of giv¬ referring to that modern curse, the dime ing children a taste for reading, can¬ novel. Its very cheapness makes it all not be over-estimated. A word of the more obnoxious because it is thus explanation here and a short discussion more easily obtained. It gives false there, raises the interest to a state of views of life, holds up a kind of mock enthusiasm. heroism, and is often full of mental Once they have formed the habit it suggestions which are anything but is just a matter of direction. Because elevating. There is grave danger of of their admiration for the heroic, good children’s falling into the dime-novel healthy stories of adventure seem to habit unless they are provided with be especially adapted to them. Such suitable reading material. “Preven¬ writers as Henty and Bullen have be¬ tion” is the word in this case, and come famous because of their “Books satisfying the natural craving of the for Boys.” Any stories—fiction or child for heroic deeds and noble en¬ otherwise—which give a healthy view deavor is the only sure prevention. of life are suitable. Many of these are Many lives are being wrecked every found in our high-class magazines and year from this terrible scourge, and in such papers as the Youth's Compan¬ generally through neglect on the part ion and Boys’ Own. As the boy gets of parents. older he may become interested in the In this busy, bustling western world literature of the farm, and the girl in many individuals are so engrossed in the literature of the home if such be pursuing the bubbles which are glitter¬ open to them. But even then, they ing just before them that they fail to may develop an inclination towards see things in their proper proportion. other pursuits. The boy may have a They are inclined to try short-cuts in special liking for one of the so-called following up their get-rich-quick 446 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. schemes, but in the roacl to learning then, join in adopting the sentiment of there are no short-cuts. If our Cana¬ the following line :— dian farmers are to get in line with the Read, study, think—our motto be! “new agriculture” they must make an With this slogan as their watchword, effort; each must work out his own the time cannot be far distant when the salvation by making use of the means “Lords of the Soil” will have appropri¬ at his disposal. Reading will help to ated for their use the fields of make them the full men which they knowledge which are lying all ought to be. Let our farm, homes, around them.

Book Reviews.

New Books on Entomology.

Insects Injurious to Vegetables—By worms, Flea-beetles, etc. The re¬ F. H. Chittenden, Sc. D., U. S. Depart¬ mainder of the volume deals with the ment of Agriculture. New York: enemies of special vegetables, begin¬ Orange Judd Company, 439-441 Lafay¬ ning with Asparagus and going on in ette street. 262 pages 163 illustrations. alphabetical order to Tomatoes. By (Price, $1.50.) this arrangement the needful inform¬ Every one who possesses a garden, ation regarding an insect can at once whether in town or country, is sure to be obtained, and under each vegetable be troubled, from time to time, by in¬ will be found a description of the ene¬ sect pests and to be at a loss regarding mies to which it is exposed, and of the the most effective methods of dealing remedies which should be applied; with them. This handy volume affords sufficient illustrations are also given to the information needed, in convenient render identification easy. All our form, and should prove a most useful agricultural and horticultural students guide to vegetable growers in defend¬ should have this work; Nature Study ing their crops against insect attacks. teachers will find it most useful for The opening chapters give a brief ac¬ the identification of common everyday count of the classification of insects, insects; and to market-gardeners it prevention of their ravages by must be simply invaluable. The methods of cultivation, insecticides and author is on the staff of the Bureau of how to make and use of them, mechani¬ Entomology at Washington and has cal means that may also be employed. published a number of excellent bulle¬ Then follows an account of a number tins on injurious insects; his statements of insects that attack crops in general may therefore be relied upon and without confining themselves to a par¬ his advice followed without hesita¬ ticular kind of plant, such as Cut¬ tion. worms, Grasshoppers, PI int-lic", Wire- C. J. S. B. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 447

The O. A. C. Review EDITORIAL STAFF.

A. D. CAMPBELL, ’09, Editor.

F. C. NUNNICK, ’10, Associate Editor.

L. A. BOWES, ’08, Agricultural. MISS K. VAUGHAN, Macdonald.

A. E. SLATER, ’08, Experimental. MISS S. CALDWELL, Asst. Macdonald.

R. M. WINSLOW, ’08, Horticultural. A. G. TURNEY, ’09, College.

G. B. CURRAN, ’08, Athletics. G. LeLACHEUR, ’10, Locals.

H. SIRETT, ’09, Alumni. J. W. JONES, ’09, Staff Photographer.

DAVID M. ROSE, ’08, Acting Business Manager.

X ♦

In our College Life Columns this winning and awarding of these prizes month it is our pleasure to record the would mean more. As it is now, it is winning of three scarcely known that the prizes are ever Xlbe prizes by various given, and certain it is that only a very presentation members of the stu- few students could name all the win¬ Of Pri3es. dent body. These ners in any one year. We do not are the ’05 medal, the recommend extreme display but we Chapman scholarship and the Valedic¬ have no hesitation in saying that there tory prize. Various other prizes such is in this connection too little display as the prizes in the Oratorical and for the advancement of college spirit. Public Speaking Contests, the Gover¬ The proper time for the presentation nor-General’s prize, the Barton-Hamer of these prizes would be at Commence¬ medal and others are awarded during ment Exercises held at the close of the each college year. These prizes are term, but, as our graduates go to presented from time to time as they are Toronto for the conferring of their de¬ won at probably the next student body grees, we, as a result, have no closing meeting, or in some cases they are sim¬ exercises in Guelph. ply handed to the winners. What we should recommend then The Review takes the stand that this would be the holding of a regular con¬ is not the best method of presenting vocation such as is held in other col¬ these prizes. We feel that if as many leges during the first or second week as possible were presented at one of the college year. This assemblage time it would be in the interests of the w'ould consist of the faculty, the whole college and of the student body. The Macdonald Institute and O. A. C. stu- 448 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. dent body and any friends of the ness of the amount that causes such a college who might care to be present. long list of delinquents. We verily This, we think, would be a fitting believe that the insignificance of the occasion for the presentation of prizes. sum is the cause of its being so often The significance of the winning of overlooked, as a larger amount would such prizes would be impressed on the in all probability be more promptly in-coming students, and the delivery of settled. It matters little, however, at addresses by some of our own faculty this juncture what the subscription and by outsiders, would have an ele¬ price is. What we wish you to know vating and inspiring influence on the is, that we earnestly desire to have whole college life. the subscriptions promptly settled for. Now, Mr. Subscriber, when you read this, just think whether or not you have One of the great difficulties that the paid this year’s subscription. If you Review staff encounters from time to have, happy are you; if not, don’t say, time is the securing well, I must attend to this, and then ©Ur °f good and suitable go away and forget it, but sit down and llllustrattons. photographs to use straighten up this little matter. If you as illustrations. We are an ex-student or an outside sub¬ desire on this occasion to appeal to scriber the price is fifty cents a year. our readers, and especially to ex-stu¬ dents of the college, to assist us in this matter. If the Old Boys would send us June is coming, and with it comes pictures of their homes, of their stock the throng of visitors to the Ontario and of landscape scenery, we could Agricultural College. use many of them to excellent advant¬ To the ex-students we age. It would do themselves no harm XTbC June lElCUtSlOnS. would say boom these and it would aid the Review greatly. June Excursions; it By a little effort many pictures could makes one of the most pleasant outings be taken during the coming summer imaginable, and you are entertained and forwarded to us for use during here right royally. We know many next year. It is one of the aims of the farmers who visit the college annually Review to make the Old Boys’ column and we are glad to welcome them back a source of delight to the Old Boys, but each year. There is much to be learned this can only be done with the assist¬ from one of these visits, especially if ance of these same men. We hope you go out over the experimental plots for better things during the remainder with an able instructor of the depart¬ of the year. ment, who explains the results of the various experiments, points out the It is a regrettable fact that about varieties of the different crops which four hundred subscribers to the O. A. are giving the best returns, and Concerning C Revi,ew ha,ve failed answers any questions you may wish tbc to senc 111 srna^ to ask concerning the work. Then there are various other departments Subscriptions. aTunt fh,e us as the subscription price of which you will be pleased to inspect, the paper. It is surely not the great¬ such as the Dairy, Horticultural, etc.. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 449 and in each of these there is much use¬ taking a goodly sum will be provided ful information to be gained. If you by ex-students. On the other hand, have never visited the college, get the student body will, from time to yourself out of the old rut and come time, raise large sums of money. Many up here for a day, it will be time well Concerts are held here by the students spent. each year. At the present time these are all free. But there is seldom a concert which is not worth, at least, In this issue the Athletic Society twenty-five cents. The Review would is again appealing to the ex-students recommend that an admission fee be for support in the build- charged. The attendance would be TlbC ing a covered rink. just as large. When the students GOVetCb Everyone who is now realize that the money is to be put to IRtnfh familiar with college such good use every man would be conditions is convinced present, and even if he were unavoid¬ that the rink is a necessity and that it ably absent his contribution would can be built. Judging from the inter¬ come in just the same. est that is now being taken in Scienti¬ The time has now come when the fic Agriculture in Ontario a thousand rink movement must be kept upper¬ regular students should be registered most in the minds of every one con¬ at the college each year within the next nected with this college. All that is few years. It requires but a moment’s needed is the united effort of Faculty, thought to determine what immense Ex-students, Macdonald Institute girls, benefit a covered rink would be to such and Ontario Agricultural College boys a student body. to make the rink a reality within a As to the. funds for such an under¬ very few years.

THE SOWER.

A brown, sad-colored hillside, where the soil, Fresh from the frequent harrow, deep and fine, Lies bare; no break in the remote sky-line Save where a flock of pigeons streams aloft, Startled from feed in some low-lying croft, Or far-off spires with yellow of sunset shine; And here the Sower, unwittingly divine, Exerts the silent forethought of his toil. Alone he treads the glebe, his measured stride Dumb in the yielding soil; and tho’ small joy Dwell in his heavy face, as spreads the blind Pale grain from his dispensing palm aside, This plodding churl grows great in his employ;— Godlike, he makes provision for mankind. —Charles G. D. Roberts. 45° THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

GOING are the Seniors when Mr. Reeds, and the numerous partici¬ exams are over. Going are pants. The work of the gymnasium the Juniors when Nature team was at all times good, and the Study is finished. Gone are the pyramid displays were well designed Sophomores and Freshmen, and peace and carried out. The supple-jointed and wisdom once more reign supreme little Jap, Iwanimi, grotesquely ar¬ on College Heights. It is the earnest rayed in a brilliant red costume, and hope of the editor that everybody has wearing “the smile that won’t come passed his examinations and that as off,’ performed his work with an ease, many as possible may return in the fall a neatness and finish that stamped him to complete their studies, and to those as a born gymnast, and brought forth who go to tread new paths in life, that round after round of applause. The success and prosperity may attend fencing, boxing and wrestling bouts them. In the meantime, while the were well contested and duly appreci¬ senior is working hard, let the junior, ated. asleep under the shade of the maple A variation in the programme was tree, dream of the glories of nature introduced by the Philharmonic study, or chasing bugs across ploughed octette, who rendered a couple of illus¬ fields, muse on the uncertainties of life. trated songs in a happy manner, and were heartily encored. Mr. David Mc¬ The Athletic Concert. Kenzie, as the burly clown, by his ac¬ The annual athletic concert was held robatic stunts on the stage and exceed¬ in the gymnasium on Saturday even¬ ingly clever d'etective work among the ing, March 21st. The entire pro¬ audience, created much laughter and gramme was marked by a variety, merriment. One of the chief events on choice and finish that greatly pleased the programme was the presentation of the exceedingly large audience in at¬ the Pringle Cup by Professor G. E. tendance and reflected much credit on Day. This cup was donated two years the Athletic Association Executive, ago by Mr. Pringle, of G.uelph, to be- THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 451 come the property of the student who 5. Boxing Bout ------should win • the championship of the E. H. Aldwinckle, C. L. S. Palmer. indoor sports on two successive occa¬ 6. Mat Work ------sions. By good all-round work, W. Gym. Team. Baker, of the ’08 class, succeeded in 7. Wrestling Bout - - - winning the championship both last M. F. Coglan, H. R. Christie. year and this year. The cup is thus 8. Presentation of the Pringle Cup his property, and right well lias he By Prof. G. E. Day. merited it. 9. Exhibition on Horizontal Bar. The evening’s entertainment term¬ Gym. Team. inated with a very successful repre¬ 10. “Simple Simon” - - - - - sentation of “Dormitory Life.” The Philharmonic Octette. participants spared neither young nor 11. Representation of Dormitory Life old, neither male nor female, in their A. G. Turney, J. D. Tothill. R. C. Tre- witticisms, and both boys and girls herne. E. H. Aldwinckle, E. W. came in for a fair share of jollying. A_n Stafford, A. J. Logsdail, impromptu supper was held in the R. Fraser. room, and stimulated by the effect of the many luscious and tempting dishes Easter Honors. set forth, and possibly somewhat in¬ That much-coveted trophy, the ’05 ebriated by the ginger beer (which medal, donated each year to the best bowed copiously) many witty sayings all-round man in the graduating class, proceeded from the students. The poor old college beef, hung, drawn, and quartered, as it has been, mutilated and contorted by all the tortures which the fiendish cruelty of the Spanish Inquisi¬ tion could impose, was finally sub¬ jected to the axe, and one last, dying, desperate effort made to sever those strands of perdurable toughness. This concert was undoubtedly one of the best, if not the best, ever given by our Athletic Association, and great credit is due to the president, Mr. Hare, and his able executive. The following is the programme: 1. Exhibition on German Horse - - Gym. Team. 2. Fencing Bout ------

U. G. Maryat, W. R. Thompson. R. M. WINSLOW, ’08. 3. Exhibition on Parallel Bars - - Winner of the ’05 Medal. Gym. Team. has been awarded to Mr. R. M. Wins¬ 4. “Where Are You Going My Pretty low. “Windy” is not just as his nick¬ Maid?” - - - - name would indicate. He is a man Philharmonic Octette. in every sense of the word. His bluff. 452 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

good natured disposition, cheery and clever student, and therefore we word of greeting for freshman, senior were not much surprised to hear that or professor alike, and great ability as in spite of keen competition, he had a student, have won for him a high won the “valedictory prize.” Mr. Le Lacheur’s essay, entitled “Reading in the Farm Home,” appears in the first half of this number, and is well worthy of perusal. The Review offers its con¬ gratulations.

Last fall, Mr. George Chapman, of Guelph, generously donated the sum of twenty dollars, to be expended in books, as a prize in English, the prize to be awarded on the work in English of the first two years, and the award to be based on the degree of efficiency at¬ tained in literature, composition and public speaking. The honor of being the first man to win this* prize falls to an Englishman, Mr. E. H. Aldwinckle, who hails from the Avorld’s greatest city. Congratulations, Winkle, keep it G. LE LACHEUR, Winner of the Valedictory Prize. esteem on College Heights. He has accomplished good work for the Re¬ view and has used his six feet two inches of bone and muscle to advant¬ age on the gymnasium team. His record as a student is one of which he may well be proud, for he has headed his class in every year, and holds the Governor-General’s silver medal for general proficiency in first and second year work. In addition to his other attainments, Winslow has proved his ability as a platform speaker, this year winning the public-speaking contest. The class of ’08 has made no mistake in its selection, and the Review pre¬ dicts a great future for “Windy,” and extends to him its heartiest congratula¬ E. H. ALDWINCKLE. Winner of the Chapman Prize. tions. up. Aldwinckle has done good work Since coming here in the fall of 1906, during his two year’s course and ranks G. Le Lacheur has firmly established high in the opinion of his fellow- for himself a reputation as a consistent students and professors. We trust that THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 453 he may see fit at some not far distant feature of the banquet, and were thor¬ date to return to the O. A. C. and pro¬ oughly enjoyed and heartily applauded cure his B. S. A. by the listeners. They were all ex¬ ceptionally good, and some of them The Sophomore Banquet. would have been a credit to the most Nine p. m. was the time, and the illustrious assembly. There were Banquet Hall of the Royal Canadian speeches comic and speeches dignified Cafe (Kandy Kitchen) was the scene —language humorous and language of the Sophomore Banquet, held by serious. There were skits on the boys the class of 1910. It was an unqualified and skits on the professors—and to a success; not a hitch in the whole pro¬ great extent did the boys enjoy hearing gramme, and everyone present voted about the tricks their professors, as it one of the best, if not the best, of all students, used to play. But best of all the Sophomore Banquets held here. were those speeches impressing on the Feelings of joy and sadness were class the importance of their calling mingled in the hearts of the banqueters and life-work, their responsibilities and* as they gathered round the tables. duties as educated citizens in a land Joy, because they were through ex¬ where farming will be always the chief aminations and looking forward, most occupation of the people, and where of them, to home and dear ones there. scientific agriculture is of such import¬ Sadness, for they realized that it was ance. the last time on this earth that they A reading, a vocal and an instru¬ would be all gathered together, and mental solo, together with the different that they would soon be separated— selections rendered by the orchestra, all many of them forever—and scattered .contributed to the pleasures of the to the four quarters of the globe. evening, and were well appreciated However, when ceremonies com¬ and applauded. menced these thoughts of sadness were Following is the toast list: banished for the time being and all The King. entered right heartily into the spirit of “Ay, every inch a gentleman!” the proceedings. Class President—O. C. White. An excellent menu was provided by “God Save the King”—Orchestra. the genial proprietors of the Royal Cafe, and the boys did full justice to Our Alma Mater. it. The name of each dish was ac¬ “Our song and feast shall flow to the companied on the menu card by an fame of thy name.” appropriate^ quotation from one of the —Campbell. college professors, such as, “Salad” S. E. Todd, Prof. J. B. Reynolds. with “Succulent foods are very essen¬ Instrumental, R. Fraser. tial,” Prof. G. E. Day. The demands of the inner man being attended to, The Staff. everybody who could smoke (and a “So are they all—all honorable men!” good many who couldn’t) “lit up” and —Shakespeare. leaned back in their chairs to enjoy the E. Robinson, W. R. Graham. toasts. Music, orchestra; reading, E. A. The speeches were, of course, the Howes. 454 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

Our Sister Classes. Secretary-Treasurer—J. D. Lawson. “The name of friendship is sacred.’’ Committee—J. M. Lewis, A. East- —Longfellow. ham, C. S. Howard. J. M. Lewis, R. M. Winslow, H. Dramatic Managers. Sirett, W. W. Emmerson. R. C. Treherne, G. IT. Unwin. Music, orchestra. Review Staff. Class of To. Editor—A. D. Campbell. Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self- Associate Editor—F. C. Nunnick. control, Macdonald—(To be elected). These three alone lead life to sovereign Agriculture—TI. Sirett. power. —Tennyson. Experimental—G. H. Cutler. J. E. Howitt, G. Le Lacheur. Horticulture—A. G. Turney. Vocal solo, F. C. Nunnick. College Life—G. Le Lacheur. Old Boys—C. Ferguson. Macdonald Hall. Athletic—IT. R. Christie. By their yells ye shall know them. Locals—P. E. Light.n A woman’s soul leadeth us upward Photographer—J. W. Jones. and on. —Goethe. Artist—G. H. Unwin. A. M. Shaw, E. H. Aldwinckle. Music, orchestra. College Song Competition. The Philharmonic Society have Agriculture. started a song competition under the Who can cease to admire following conditions: The ploughman consul in his coarse 1. The competition shall be open to attire? —Dryden. all students and ex-students. F. C. Nunnick, Prof. G. E. Day. 2. The song must be original. IT. R. C., To. 3. No song shall necessarily be Societies Reorganize. accepted., 4. Songs with music accompanying The various students’ associations them shall be given the preference. have organized for next fall as follows: 5. The prize shall be $10, or value. Literary Society. The Society has been instituted for Flonorary President—Professor C. A. the purpose of developing a love for Zavitz. music amongst the students. Now this President—W. M. Waddell. can only be done through the co-opera¬ Secretary—S. H. Gandier. tion of all the students, and, therefore, Treasurer—D. Gordon. we should like every student who sings, or plays any, instrument, to Philharmonic Society. practice as much as possible this sum¬ Honorary President—J. W. Crow, mer and come back in the fall ready B.S.A. to help us in our chorus, choir, and President Macdonald Hall—Mrs. orchestral work. Fuller. The Executive have also decided to President—A. McLaren. hold a song competition for the Mac¬ Vice-President—J. D, Tothill. donald Hall students and ex-students. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 455

The conditions are as above and the A college song should help greatly prize a beautiful Bronze Shield, with in consolidating the student body and the College Coat of Arms on it. producing the much coveted college All songs must be in the hands of spirit, so give your hearty co-operation the Secretary, Mr. J. D. Lawson, be¬ and make this competition a strong fore the 31st of October, 1908. one.

month in which collected, so that the A Subscription Prize. mailing list may be adjusted in time The* editor of this column desires to for the new subscribers to receive their draw the attention of the ex-students copies the following month. to the students’ prize, which is this 6. Information regarding the pro¬ ■month being offered for competition gress of the competition and some idea to the readers of the Review. The of the candidate’s standing will be prize which is a Melotte Cream Separa¬ forwarded him on the 1st and 15th of tor from the factories of the R. A. each month during the contest. Lister Co., is to be awarded the candi¬ All those who intend entering the date securing the largest number of competition should send in their names new subscribers, other than students, at once and get receipt blanks and under the following regulations : any further instructions that may be 1. Competition begins when this required. number is received, and terminates Subscriptions will run from date of October 31, 1908. receipt until September 1, 1909. 2. Candidates must be students or Subscribers will receive copies every ex-students of the College. month in the year excepting July and 3. Candidates must be subscribers August. to the Review. The final awards will be made by a 4. The Review is to be offered at committee of four, elected by the stu¬ the ex-student rate, viz.: 50 cents per dent body, to whom a full report of year, and no shorter term subscriptions each candidate’s work will be sub¬ are accepted. mitted and same announced in the 5. All subscriptions must be for¬ first number of the Review appearing warded to us by the end of the after the prize has been awarded. 456 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

The Covered Rink.

AWAY back in the nineties this noble pursuits they were not to stop College was young—the build¬ half way. Buildings continued to be ings were few—the classrooms erected, yet more proficient professors scarce and the surrounding grounds in were added to the staff, and again more their first stages of scientific cultiva¬ students were found making their way tion. But even as they were, they were * to Guelph and to the Ontario Agricul¬ sufficient for the needs of the students. tural College to follow up the oppor¬ The graduates of these years tell re¬ tunities and study the wonders that peated stories of the unorganized con¬ were opening up before them. With ditions of affairs that existed even this increasing number of students came among themselves. The chances then reform. Like a miniature army they of advancing themselves in cultivated found that they were incapable of and athletic pursuits were incompar¬ doing justice to a course that so be¬ able to those that exist in these en¬ fitted them. Consequently, following lightened days. closely on the heals of reform came It was not until the close of the organization; and with organization nineteenth century that the College came results which are now proved became affiliated with the University of by the efficient present-day state of Toronto and was enabled thereby to affairs. Presidents of years were give her students a more advanced and nominated; managers of the different truly scientific course that lead up sports were appointed. Athletic, Lit¬ eventually to the conferring of the B. erary, Y. M. C. A. organizations were S. A. degree. Since then the knowl¬ formed—and yet later came the College edge and fame of the Ontario Agricul¬ Paper, “The O. A. C. Review,” detail¬ tural College has advanced in leaps ing the events of the year and so form¬ and bounds. The numbers of her ing a diary that will forever be looked students increased, and corresponding¬ back upon as literature incapable of ly, accommodation for the increasing becoming dry. Through the pages of numbers was added. the O. A; C. Review the ex-students New buildings were erected from are enabled to keep in touch with their year to year, the old and consequently Alma Mater, and observe with pride out-of-date laboratories were pulled the advance of some subject that they down to give place to better houses of in all probability were the originators equipment for the continually advanc¬ of; or if not the originators they took ing knowledge. Agriculture and the more than an active interest in. knowledge of agriculture was now in College life is never more interesting the ascendant, and like all true and than when ten or fifteen years old— THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 457 when old reminiscences are recalled. And this is what the Athletic Asso¬ And what do these thoughts lead to? ciation in conjunction with the series It can only be one thing in its essence ; of lectures at the O. A. C. is striving that is the rapidity of the progress and to do. A strong man makes a better the vastly improved standard that is farmer than a weak one, and an able upheld in this year ’08. And this thinker makes a better business man standard has yet to advance. than a dunce. These are merely com¬ In the introduction to the Calendar mon sense statements but many men of the College, these words are writ¬ misapply them. Good head work and ten : “To the observant statesman it is study combined with fresh air and

Photo by j. IV. Jones. THE GYMNASIUM TEAM, ’08. plain that the readiest manner of in¬ exercise form an ideal man—a man who creasing the national wealth is by in¬ is broad-minded, whose senses are not creasing the quantity and quality of confused or centered on one thing, and the produce/’ one who takes an interest in every¬ Cannot this be read “To the obser¬ thing. What use to the world is a vant statesman it is plain that the “plug” in the true sense of the word? readiest manner of increasing the na¬ He resembles the domesticated cat, tional wealth is by increasing the which through disuse of its limbs and quantity and quality of the men that senses, is absolutely unable to compete produce the produce.” in the world with its brother in the 458 THE O. A C. REVIEW. wild state. Man is domesticated and now on towards forming a covered the only way to ensure good brain rink. work and the free, healthy use of every This affair, more so than any other, organ is exercise. And this is what must receive the entire and unques¬ athletics do. tionable support of the whole student At the college here many games are body. The Athletic Executive are played, and perhaps the most neglected willing to do all that is in their power, of all in the way of training and pre¬ and their mode of action has been out¬ paration is hockey. This game is one lined. of the foremost of Canadian national Consider how often we hear of men sports; it is typical of Canada and of from other colleges gaining diplomas, Canadian ways, and yet here in Canada, medals and certificates for their indus¬ in Guelph, in the Ontario Agricultural try, and this now compared to the College it is most neglected. We have head of the league in some sport or traced as clearly as possible the ad¬ other. We venture to say that a col¬ vancing course of the college. We have lege fame is more aroused by doings noticed the gradual growth of student in athletics than almost any other organizations. Are we now to stop way, and if this is so, are we not all when there is yet time and every eager for our college, our Alma Mater, chance of improvement? to stand up well in comparison with It is no wonder that we are unable other colleges? We think so, there¬ to compete with the colleges in hockey fore, let us of the present, as well as when no opportunity is given for a of the past, devote ourselves to ob¬ team to practice and to make them¬ taining sufficient funds to put a covered selves efficient in this game. The more rink on a financial working basis. scientific the work, the more exercise A considerable sum of money is is needed to counteract it. Conse¬ necessary to put up one of sufficient quently unless more opportunity is size and one that would do credit to afforded the students, scientific ad¬ the institution. Therefore it is esti¬ vancement suffers. This may seem a mated roughly that a sum of money, somewhat exaggerated view but the about $6,000 would be necessary. idea brought out by its meaning is It is considered that $3,000 to $4,000 evident. would be sufficient to put it on the so- In football we have every conveni¬ called working basis. ence at our hand; the ground on which It is hoped that the present students to play and the necessary requirements will individually take their own initia¬ for the game. tive and attempt to forward this cause In the gymnasium we have a in the most practical way they can; building in which we are enabled further, it is hoped that any advice or to exercise ourselves during the suggestion will be forwarded to the winter — but in hockey, the Can¬ Executive where it will receive due adian national winter game, we have consideration. comparatively nothing on which to With this brief review the Executive train a team worthy of the col¬ consider that the matter rests now lege. Let us be consistent, there¬ almost entirely in the hands of those fore. and devote our energies from that are interested in the college, and THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 459 it is sincerely hoped that this scheme Indoor Baseball. will meet with the entire approval of For the fourth time in succession all concerned. the ’08 indoor baseball team have been It is now intended to lay before successful in capturing the inter-year everyone expressions of favors that series for the championship of the col¬ have been received during this College lege. This year’s series was fully as Year of ’07^08. successful as former years. The fight J. W. Crow .$25 00 for first place was between the junior F. H. Reed . 25 00 and senior years, with the other two R. W. Mills. 25 00 teams clearly out-classed. G. E. Sanders . 25 00 The feature of the series was the W. J. Hartman . 25 00 good work of the junior team. They H. W. Scott . 25 oo started the season crippled by the loss M. F. Coglan . 25 00 of a couple of their star players of the F. Prittie . 25 00 old team, but by constant practice they W. S. Jacobs . 25 00 developed new men into good players H. C. Wheeler. 25 oo and easily defeated their rivals of the R. S. Duncan . 25 oo Freshmen and Sophomore Years. G. Goulding . 25 00 However, their winning streak was cut M. S. Sproat . 10 00 short when they met the strong Fourth A. Leitch . 25 00 Year team, the Seniors winning quite M. H. Jull . 25 oo easily by the large score of 25-13. The J. H. Hare . 25 00 ’08 team, winning their next two games, E. A. Clowes .. 25 00 again met the Juniors. This time the F. B. Warren . 25 00 closest, hardest game of the series was D. M. Johnson . 25 00 played, but the fast fielding and heavy D. A. Mackenzie. 25 00 hitting of the experienced Seniors were C. Murray . 25 00 too much for the Junior team, the final G. Hibbard . 25 00 score being 13-9. This game practi¬ W. A. Brown . 25 00 cally cinched the series for the Seniors, N. Foster . 25 00 who in their next game defeated the T. Reg. Arkell . 25 00 Freshmen by the overwhelming score D. H. Jones . 25 00 of 42-8, making a record for the high¬ J. Caesar . 25 00 est score ever made by any team in a W. C. Owen . 25 00 championship game at this college. G. M. Frier . 25 00 The ’08 team well deserve the honors M. Ballantyne. 25 00 they have won this year. In their G. Curran . 25 00 Freshman Year they were severely F. H. Dennis . 25 00 trounced in their opening game by 32-6 Expressions of favor were received by the ’04 Senior team. However, in from—T. D. Jarvis, H. H. LeDrew, E. the next few games they learned how G. DeCoriolis, C. F. McEwen, J B. to bat, and easily won the following Fairbairn* S. F. Edwards, W. P. eames; met and defeated the Seniors, Gamble, G. Smye, B. G. Palmer, T. and in the play-off of the tie won after H. Binnie, Joseph P. Cleal, and H. S. an exciting struggle by the close Arkell. margin of one run. As Sophomores. 460 THE O. A. C REVIEW. the ’08 team made an inauspicious Baker. As indoor sports have become opening, being defeated in tlieir open¬ so prominent at our college, we believe ing game. However, they won the re¬ that another cup should be put up for mainder of their games in easy fashion. competition before next season. Any As Juniors the ’08 team fought hard old student who feels that he owes a to retain their honors, and although in debt of gratitude to his Alma Mater many close contests, did not lose a could not repay it in a better way than game. In their final year the team by donating a cup to be competed for played better ball than in any previous by the students at the indoor meet. series, going through the season unde¬ We hope that this plaintive an¬ feated and running up large scores nouncement will meet the eye of every game. some generous graduate, and that Indoor Cup. by the time our college reopens As announced in last month’s issue the indoor cup will have been re¬ the indoor cup has been lifted by W. placed.

THE ’08 INDOOR BASEBALL TEAM. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 461

HE; home in which a man dwells, a home in which they will love to visit \ if it b,e of his own making, re¬ their parents in iheir autumnal years flects ' to a remarkable degree and which will b!e the scene of frequent ‘the attitude of that man toward his family reunions to which they will 'surroundings. By its substantiality come from the narrow '■confines of the it will portray the expectation of its city office or from the busy whirl and builder in' regard to the length of dust-laden atmosphere of the factory, time he expects it to be occupied or from the newer homes ivhich they either by himself or by his heirs;. The are striving to make to a younger gen¬ attempts that have been made to eration what this one is to them, to beautify the grounds surrounding it, gather once more around the bounteous and the care with which they are kept, board, to walk again in familiar paths will indicate the degree of apprecia¬ where every blade and branch recalls tion with which its inmates regard happy days. If the training offered bv natural beauty; and to a certain extent an agricultural college gives to its their aesthetic development. students a greater appreciation of the If agriculture is to be considered as dignity of agriculture then we should a distinct profession and not as a be able to look to our ex-students to medium through which men may be set an example in the building and obliged to pass a part or the whole of beautifying of farm homes that will the active portion of their lives, in help make rural life what it should be. order that they, or that their sons may We present to our readers cuts of the be enabled to enter what are considered homes of three of our ex-students who more attractive ffields; if agriculture is are doir*g much for the uplift of agri¬ to have the stability which should be¬ culture. It is worthy of remark that long to an occupation numbering while one of these is the present Min¬ among its followers two-thirds of the ister of Agriculture, the other two ?.re population of the Province of Ontario, sons of ex-ministers. They are all and has invested in it over one hundred men to whom the professions and com¬ millions of dollars; if, as a profession, mercial enterprises offered tempting it may be considered sufficiently at¬ openings, but their appreciation of the tractive to permit the farmer, while advantages of farm life was such that considering the greatest welfare of his after completing their college course sons, to hope that one, and that the they returned to the farm. When not most worthy, will succeed him in the engaged in his parliamentary duties, occupancy of his home, then our farm¬ and as frequently as his work will ers can do no better by their children allow when the legislature is in session, than give them a home which will the Hon. Nelson Monteith may be always be for them a pleasant memory, found at his comfortable home on his 462 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

HOME OF HONORABLE NELSON MONTEITH, STRATFORD, ONT.

farm, about two miles from Stratford. “Bill" is conducting, with his' charac¬ There, under the bracing influence of teristic energy, one of the best known the fresh air and restful surroundings, stock farms on the continent. Mr. Monteith gains the mental and physical tone that enables him to In the recent election of the Senate beam benignantly through the most of the Alberta University, we are trying session. pleased to be able to inform the readers of the Review that Mr. Geo. Harcourt, The home of Mr. E. C. Drury is in B.S.A., Deputy Minister of Agriculture Simcoe County, near Thornhill. There for Alberta, was a successful candidate. Mr. Drury is giving his attention to the At first the outlook for an agricultural development of a herd of high-class representative on the Senate was very dairy Shorthorns. He is also a member doubtful. As time went on, however, of the provincial staff of institute the Alberta O. A. C. Boys’ Association speakers, and an active participant in decided that if the proper man were political affairs. chosen, and if earnest, systematic “Maple Shade,” the home of W. A. work were performed in the endeavor Dryden, at Brooklin, in Ontario to secure his election, success might County, is well-known to all breeders reasonably be expected. Consequent¬ of Shorthorn cattle in Ontario. There ly, Mr. Harcourt was chosen as a man not only suitable for the position, but it in their power to shape the educa¬ also one whose candidature would tional policy. receive favorable consideration from Mr. Harcourt is a man who is well graduates in no matter what profes¬ and favorably known throughout the sion. Province,'as evidenced by his success¬ Although there were 360 members at ful election. He is a man of wide ex¬ Convocation, six of whom are gradu¬ perience in educational matters, and to ates in agriculture, and further, al¬ whom the welfare of agricultural edu¬ though there were about sixty men in cation of this Province may safely be the field as candidates for the Senate,' intrusted. One paper commenting on it is most gratifying to realize that a Mr. Harcourt’s candidature, stated graduate in Agricultural Science has “that he probably stands highest as an one place out of five amongst this most agriculturist in the Province to-day.” important body. The Alberta O. A. C. Roys’ Associa¬ In a Province such as this, where tion was formed a little less than one agriculture is the fundamental source year ago, and although there are not of wealth production, and where de¬ yet many achievements to chronicle, velopment is sure to take place at a we feel that the success of Mr. Har¬ rapid rate in the next half century, it court’s election is something for which is highly important that a man inter¬ the association may claim some small ested and thoroughly familiar with amount of credit, and indeed we think agricultural education, have a place in may justly feel proud. the governing body of the Provincial University, and that he be a man who Adolph Lehman, B.S.A., Ph. D., a will use his influence to win the sym¬ member of the second graduating pathy and support 'of those who have class, has established for himself an

HOME OF MR. E. C. DRURY, CROWN, HILD. ONT. 464 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

HOME OF MR. W. A. DRYDEN, BROOKLIN, ONT. enviable reputation. When at college ex-students. After leaving college Mr. Lehman possessed a great affinity DeHart settled down at Grand Forks, for the study of chemistry, and, having Alberta, but later removed to Kelowna, spent some time on that department B. C., where he is actively engaged in here. After graduation he went to producing nursery stock and small Germany to resume his studies, obtain¬ fruits. As a proof of the quality of ing there the degree of Ph.D. On his fruit which he produces, his exhibit return to America he was first con¬ was awarded the gold medal for the nected with the Louisiana Experiment best collection at the last Vancou¬ Station and later with the Central Ex¬ ver Fair. This is the highest honor perimental Farm at Ottawa. About that can be won in fruit in British ten years ago he was appointed to take Columbia. charge of a large chemical establish¬ ment in India. He is at present em¬ F. E. Millen, ’o6-’o7. Many who at¬ ployed as agricultural chemist by the tended the college last year will learn Government at Mysore, :; India, his with surprise of the wedding of F. E. address being Office of the Agricultur¬ Millen, who took the first year work al Chemist, Government of Mysorg, with the class of To. Millen was mar¬ Jjlangalore, India, L ;' ried at Sittingbourne, England, on r . T' •• ,• • -G . f.. March 4th, to Miss Clara Gordhew, of i In Mr. F. R. E. DeHart,_92, we that place. Millen writes that he hopes have a striking example, of- 'the “attain¬ to visit the college and complete his ments.often - reached by-many of our course- here. The-Review and his class- THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 465 mates join in wishing him a happy fu¬ of the Agricultural Department in To¬ ture. ronto. In forsaking a sedentary for a outdoor occupation, we feel sure he W. A. Boutwell, 05-’o7, has pur¬ has acted advisedly; by bringing his chased a wholesale and retail meat business talents as well as his horticul¬ business at Barrie, Mass. He will have tural training into his work his success as assistant “Kim” Packard, ’oA’oy. is assured. The combined enterprise of these two will undoubtedly win for them success V. R. Purvis, ’99-’oi, is still occupy¬ in their venture. ing the position in the stores depart¬ R. H. Jenkinson, ’05-'07, and his ment of the Transcontinental Railway brother Lawrence, ’o5-’o6, have pur¬ survey. He is at present situated on chased a fruit farm close to Toronto. th.e northern shore of Lake Nepigon; Since completing his associate course, his address is Wabinosto Cache, Nepi¬ “Roy” has been engaged in the offices gon, Out.

MR. W. A. DRYDEN’S BARN. The Progress of Domestic Science*

LIKE many of the really good especially by those engaged in teach¬ movements along educational and ing the work—to throw a broader, other lines, Domestic Science as truer light on the subject. Women’s a branch of Public School work has Institutes, now so numerous and suc¬ been taken up slowly in Canada. But cessful, will in time do much to show although slow its progress is sure, as forth the real idea of Domestic Science, we see in the fact that equipment for for the scope of their work has been this study is being installed in most misjudged in much the same way as new schools in cities and towns of has been, the case with Domestic Ontario. The West, too, is just be¬ Science. The erroneous fancy that at ginning to take it up, and in the Institute meetings women exchange Maritime Provinces it is fairly well recipes, etc., etc., is having to give way established. to the truth that everything connected The old objection that equipment of with housekeeping, homemaking and school kitchen, etc., is expensive is the general welfare of the people is probably responsible for the fact that studied and discussed by the members, many schools have not yet taken up who thereby grow in power to reason the work. . But another reason of and act intelligently for themselves equal importance in the matter is that and their families. the general public has not, even yet, And so it is in any Domestic Science grasped an adequate idea of what Avork in public school or elsewhere, Domestic Science is; and so they have definite knowledge is imparted, but the little or no vision of what lies ahead of aim is not so much to teach methods, us in splendid possibilities from Do¬ rules and definite points in cookery,, mestic Science, if it be well and widely etc., as to ;awaken a lively interest in taken up in the years to come. everything connected with household The idea that Domestic Science is affairs and to encourage people to merely cookery seems still to prevail, bring the enlightenment of some sci¬ although a good deal is said and done, entific knowledge and all their brain THE C. A. C. REVIEW. 467

power to bear upon the important that the .subject arid methods of teach¬ matter of homemaking in its many ing .it are comparatively new and un¬ phases. developed, and that from one lesson The result of seeking to bring this per week—which most school classes about through teaching school children receive—it should not be expected that is necessarily slow, and what is being the girls will become proficient house¬ accomplished now will be better seen keepers but rather that their minds and and judged after a few years than it interests will be quickened in that can possibly be now, when the first direction. seeds are being sown. Results more The subject of homemaking is of quickly to be realized are from classes such far-reaching importance—touch¬ of grown women in advanced training ing as it does upon the physical, schools, and from evening classes such mental and moral welfare of the people as are often formed under Y. W. C. A. and upon their happiness and efficiency auspices. —that it will surely more and more An interesting investigation into work itself into the attention of think¬ the success or failure of public school ing people, and so in time establish a cookery was made in the United States firm place for itself in schools recently; and although the success of and colleges, and enlist as work¬ the work is shown to be doubtful in ers the widely educated and some places, the report as a whole is cultured in ever-increasing num¬ not discouraging, in view of the fact bers.

Color Harmony.

By Jessie P. Semple, Art Directress of the Toronto Schools.

In the space of a short article, and a little red, however, our difficulty is without illustrations, it will be overcome. By making experiments impossible to go very exhaustively with leaves of flowers of different into the subject of color harmony colors, we will find this to be true, though a few suggestions may be given that the color of the flower is always that will be found helpful. • to be found in the leaf,—thus yellow With a cheap, three-color paint box, flowers have yellow-green leaves, blue and surrounded by the open book of flowers have blue-green leaves, and nature, containing multitudes of har¬ where there is even the slightest trace monies, we may learn much that will of red in the flower the color of the leaf be both interesting and useful. Let us will also be modified by that color. take for example the leaf of a scarlet Nature speaks to us here in no uncer¬ geranium and try to copy its color. tain voice. Colors which are abso¬ We know that yellow and blue will lutely unlike cannot be harmonious. make green and yet try as we may, It is necessary that they have some¬ we cannot match the color of our leaf thing in common—some little touch of with this mixture; with the addition of sympathy—and so we see together 468 THE O. A. C. REVIEW. colors, one cfr both of which show of these schemes we will see color modification by the other. We must harmonies in things we never even not stop with the study of the two thought of as harmony color before, principal colors in a specimen. There and we will be able not only to detect are other colors in stems, joints, and discords in color combinations, but to even withered parts, that are well understand why the colors are dis¬ worth study and their duller colors cordant. give sober tones to our harmonies. In choosing wall papers, carpets, We should not trust to knowing all furniture coverings, etc., we must rea¬ this without actual experiment with lize that they are to be backgrounds our paints. A good practice is to care¬ for many things permanent and other¬ fully copy into a series of small oblong wise, and so colors that are modified blocks the colors seen in some nature or, as we say, dulled or grayed, are specimen. We call this making a best; thus, a green that has been modi¬ color scheme from nature and we need fied by red, a red by green, a yellow by not confine ourselves to bright things violet, a blue by orange, will none of Avhich Avill no doubt attract us at first, them make absolutely discordant back¬ but try things that have withered, grounds for anything, because the pieces of tree bark, stones, shells fun¬ whole three colors are present in each gus growths of various kinds, even a and will give their tribute of sympathy cinder from the ash heap is not to be in greater or less degree to any other despised. After we have made a few color brought in contact with them.

My First Mountain.

It was four o’clock of a May ing point. The, grass was long and morning and all night long a very wet and after a few minutes’ stren¬ thunder storm had raged, and the uous climbing we were soaked through prospect for climbing our mountain and glad to stop at a little inn and get was not encouraging. Still, stealthy our breakfast. footsteps crept along the 'silent Then the real work of the day began. hall and stopped at my door. “Will We passed out of the region of cot¬ we try it?” came a whisper;, and tages and ho-tels, gardens and trees, and bravely I sent back my answer, “Oh, came out on the barren mountain-side yes.” “Then hurry.” So I hurried, up which we zigzagged a narrow path. and in a few minutes we were creeping We stopped to get our breath, and in down stairs with our boots in our doing so turned around for the first hands. The mountain we meant to time and looked down. To describe climb was an hour’s ride in the train adequately what we saw is impossible. from Lansanne, our starting point. The sun had risen and everything We reached Montreux after a painfully was fresh after the rain. Below us sleepy journey, and there took the funic¬ stretched Lake Geneva, narrowing ular up the base of the mountain, which down between the sloping hills till was almost perpendicular to our start¬ Geneva was reached. Behind loomed THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 469 the . Jura Mountains—so far away as climbers and not to have done as they to be almost indistinguishable from do, for when one is in Rome one must the clouds. To' the left rose Mount do as Rome does. . • J f : Blanc, white and shadowy; and in front The path became very steep and was stretched the magnificent Alps of full of loose pebbles and rocks over Savoy. On all sides were mountains, which we had to pick .our way very each trying, seemingly, to outdo the cautiously. The silence was intense, other in beauty and height—at our the only sound being that of our foot¬ feet the lake. We silently turned about steps. Needless to say, talking was not and began the ascent. Not being too indulged in, we needed all our breath

THE GIRLS OF THE COLLEGE CHOIR. ambitious we had selected a modest for climbing. Now and again a big little mountain called the Rocher de stone would become loosened and go Naye. We could of course have taken rolling away down the mountain, going the electric railway and gone to the top, faster and faster till it disappeared but that would not have been half the from view, and then after a time a dull fun, and besides, we had the natural crash would be heard, and we knew desire to do as most people do in that one stone had found another rest¬ Switzerland—climb a mountain ; and it ing place. would never do to spend a year in a Whenever a halt was called we country made famous by its climbs and turned and gazed down at the scene 470 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

at our feet which each time became stranded on a desert island in a sea full' more and more extensive, and the of other islands. town below smaller and smaller, till “Right about face and go down,” finally the people became tiny specks came the word. I had not nearly and the boats on the lake with their enough of my mountain top and lateen sails looked like birds. Then we wanted to stay and feel that I was came to snow patches and played at monarch of all I. surveyed for a while snow-balling, and snap-shotted .each longer, but it was too cold. So we other on the snow. It became hot as started down. It looked very much we were cut ofif from the breeze, and like rain, so we hurried on reaching the finally, after climbing till noon, we zigzag again. I was told to run, and came out on the top and felt again the run I had to all the way down that wind in our faces and it was cold!—so mountain. If one goes slowly, one much so that we were glad of the tires very quickly; and it took less sweaters we had carried with us and than an hour to undo all our hard grumbled at so much. Then we went morning’s climb. The rain overtook to a big rock on the very summit and us and when the bottom was reached looked down and down to the depths we were a very much bedraggled look¬ below—a sheer unbroken wall of rock ing pair. In silence we sat in our wet with not a ledge or foot-hold on it. clothing and waited for the steamer Looking around we seemed to be in the to take us home. In silence profound midst of dark, forbidding peaks. The we made the journey, and crept home, sun went under a cloud and even as but under the cheering influences of we sat the wind blew up roll after roll dry clothing, warmth and tea we of fog which filled the valleys and left talked over our day’s experiences and only the tops sticking out. We felt my companion, a young English boy, as though we had suddenly been said that it was not too bad for a girl. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. 47i

cals.

It’s no joke looking for jokes during Faulds (at the banquet, trying to do exams. “what Rome does”)—I can’t get any smoke through this cigar. Replies to Exam. Questions. Learmonth—You have the wrong A mutton sheep should have a thin end in your mouth. head so as not to give it an awkward appearance.—L. Armstrong. It is reported that Newhall and For the “chemical formula and pre¬ Scotty Robertson are going to do some paration” of Paris green, please consult research work in poultry during the Bulletin 154.—Aldwinckle. coming summer. We anticipate that If the case of strangles where real their results will revolutionize the bad I would pass a probang.—Kitchen. whole poultry industry. Hog cholera is the most popular disease in Ontario.—O. C. White. We have heard of some professors An ideal farmer is a man who loves marking exam, papers according to truth, tells lies and takes the Review. their weight. A new method has re¬ —Treherne. cently been discovered by Middleton Good examples of spring—flowering and Knauss. They tossed coppers to bulbs are the onion and aster.— see whether or not they had passed in Knauss. English. Through an oversight the explana¬ tion to the illustration in last month’s On the afternoon of April 14th there Locals did not appear. It read thus: took place on the College Campus the “These are not members of the Hor¬ greatest sporting event of the season— ticultural Club, but are the Senior a half mile run between Dave Rose Slower Boys at the Oratorical Contest. and Dave McKenzie. At the end of They are here rehearsing their part the first lap they ran neck and neck, during a pause in the selection. Two with Rose breathing sqmewhat heavy. young ladies should be shown in the McKenzie’s magnificent form stood foreground quietly turning over the him in good stead and as they finally pages of their music. approached the string he shot out ahead, finishing by about half a nose. Shaw (proposing the “Toast to the Girls”)—It therefore behooves you, Teacher—Why, what are you doing gentlemen, never to permit a Macdon¬ with an egg in each of these five pans? ald girl to walk alone. In the words of New arrival at Macdonald—My Ealstaff, I would say—“Hook on, directions say to take five eggs and hook on, go with her, go with her.” beat separately. 472 THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

King (rushing to catch the train in Their motto apparently is: “We’ll find Toronto)—Can you tell me, my little a way or mate it!” man, the quickest way to reach the sta¬ tion ? Short Course girl on the morning Street Urchin—Run, yer fool! after arrival during heated discussion concerning house practice:—(“Well April the Fourteenth. at any rate I’m not going to get down Once in the stilly night on my knees to scrub floors.” When Slumber’s chain had bound us Comfortable Homemaker in a super¬ Wild cheers from 1910, ior voice:—“Out of consideration for Provoked the mice around us! the floors there is a special instrument Aye, indeed! Many a fair maiden provided for such as you. Use the Was that morning rudely awakened string mop!” From blissful dreams of that Which might have been! Proofs of the Ancient Order of

During Pandology Lecture. Baseball. In Genesis we hear much of the be¬ Dr. R.—“In childhood the predom¬ ginning. inating instinct is every man for my¬ Eve stole first, Adam second. self!” ^ "v> Cain made a base hit. In Sr. Normal English. Abraham made a sacrifice. Prof. Reading Henry IV.—“That I Noah put the dove out on a fly. might say with hook-nosed fellow of The prodigal son made a home run. Rome, I can”—To whom does this David struck out Goliath. refer? We hear much of foul flies in Miss—Julius Caesar. Pharoah’s time. Professor—I am glad to see you at We know that Rebecca was in com¬ least know some of your ancient his¬ pany with a pitcher. tory. Judas was a base man. We hear of the Egyptians’ shortstop Certain of the Short Course girls near the Red Sea. seem to enjoy the walk from church. Jehy’s team was highly praised.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiii PAGE WHITE FENCES lliilil IIIIIIIIIIIIIII llllj Get the Best. Styles for Lawns, Farms and Ranches. jj||||||| iiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiii Made high carbon wire, galvanized and then painted white. [| j j j| jjj iliiiiiiiliiii iiili rr°u£f>er ancl Stronger wire than goes into any other fence. rj|||jjj|j ■■!!■■■■■■■■■■■ Iiiii Get 1908 prices and illustrated booklet. 1 «!■■■» THE PAGE WIRE FENCE CO., LIMITED Largest fence and gate manufacturers in Canada. WALKERVILLE TORONTO MONTREAL ST. JOHN WINNIPEG 220 m THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

Windmills! (X $3.eeo Towers girted every live feet apart and double braced. Grain Grinders. 3lee Pumps. Tanks. Gas and Gasoline Contains 183 Large Engravings This book cost us over $3,000 to produce. The Engines. cover is a beautiful live stock picture, litho¬ graphed in colors. The book contains 160 pages, Concrete Mixers. size 614x9%, gives history, description and illu¬ stration of the various breeds of horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultry. Many stockmen- say they would not take five dollars for their copy Write for if they could not get another. The finely illu¬ Catalogues. strated veterinary department 'will save you hundreds of dollars, as it treats of all the ordin¬ ary diseases to which stock are subject and tells you how to cure them. MAILED FREE. POSTAGE PREPAID. Goold, Shapley & Muir Co. Write for it at once and answer the following LIMITED questions: BRANTFORD, CANADA 1st—Name the paper you saw this offer in. 2nd—How many head of stock do you own?

ADDRESS AT ONCE International Stock Food Go. TORONTO, CANADA, Sole Manufacturers of STOCK FOOD THE REVIEW THREE FEEDS FOR ONE CENT INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD, 3 FEEDS RECOMMENDS ITS FOR ONE CENT, is a purely vegetable MEDIC¬ INAL. preparation composed of roots, herbs, seeds, barks, etc. It is equally good and very ADVERTISERS. profitable to use with horses, colts, cattle, cows, calves, hogs, pigs, sheep or lambs, because it PATRONIZE THEM purifies the blood, tones up and permanently strengthens the entire system, keeps them healthy and generally aids digestion and as - similation, so that each animal obtains more nutrition from the grain eaten. In this way it will save you grain and MAKE YOU LARGE CASH PROFITS. You don’t spend money when you feed International Stock Food. You save money because the GRAIN SAVED will pay much more than the cost of the International Stock Food. Refuse all substitutes and get paving results by using only the genuine Inter¬ national Stock Food. THREE FEEDS FOR ONE CENT Dan Patch Mailed Free FARM FOR SALE When you write for Stock Book mentioned IN WESTERN CANADA above ask for a picture of Dan Patch 1:55, and 480 Acres, 275 under cultivation; more good land can it will be included free of charge. be broken; fenced pasture, garden, jpod buildings, two good wells. There will be 225 acres in crop this spring. Reason for selling, terms, etc., will be given on appli¬ International Stock Food Co. cation to Friend, care 0. A. C. Review, Guelph, TORONTO, CANADA. Canada.

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. X. THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

Gbe Graders ffianh of Canada ASSETS OVER THIRTY MILLIONS ($30,000,000)

NEXT DOOR TO NEXT DOOR TO The Post Office The Post Office

i&ifc WYNDHAM STREET

SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO FARMERS’ BUSINESS Loans Made. Deposits Received. The Most Favorable Rates and Terms Given. $1.00 WILL OPEN AN ACCOUNT

'vur BOYS! SEND ytourThEparcels 45 BIG LAUNDRY AND GET THE DISCOUNT.

You will find that they will use you right and if anything is wrong let us know.

45 WAGON CALLS 45 At the College MONDAYS and WEDNESDAYS.

Guelph Steam Laundry & 80 NORFOLK STREET. 45 ■ Vjfc. (tjfcr "fa V£c VAV y^Y VA* V>V VAV rite VAV yfie yj

Please mention the O. A. C REVIEW when answering advertisements. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. xi. s-No More Power Troubles Get an I. H. C. gasoline engine and part company with power troubles. You know hand power is laborious and ex¬ pensive; horse power is limited in capacity, ex¬ pensive and inconvenient; wind power is unre¬ liable; steam power is inconvenient, expensive and dangerous. I. H. C. gasoline engine power possesses none of these drawbacks, yet has all the advantages claimed for any of them—dependability, con¬ venience, economy and adaptability. When you buy an I. H. C. engine, you are guaranteed a right working engine, because they are all factory tested. You will be able to find just the engine you want in the I. H. C. line. Vertical 2 and 3-horse power. Horizontal (Portable and Stationary), 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 20-horse power. Traction, 10, 12, 15 and 20-horse power. Air cooled 1-horse power. Sawing, spraying and pumping outfits and jacks. Call on the nearest local agent. He will demonstrate I. H. C. engines and give you catalog and full particulars, or if you prefer, write for colored hanger and booklet, “300 Years of Power Develpoment.” Canadian Branches: Calgary, Regina, Winnipeg, London, Hamilton, Montreal, Ottawa, St. John. International Harvester Comvany of America (.Incorporated) CHICAGO, u. s. A.

STUDENTS

We Welcome You to our city, and when in need of anything in the SHOE and RUBBER line we will appreciate a call. We sell the best makes of shoes, such as the

Geo. A. Slater, Invictus, Beresford, Sovereign, The Art, and Miss Canada.

Also a full line of sporting shoes. KNECHTEL’S Don’t mistake the place. First shoe store you come to coming from the college; on Market Square. Bring your repairing to us.

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.<*$*> afe> afte a&> a$o afo> afo> ^V» x*r WxirxirWWWWW

Kw i4re

Down¬ hearted

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Come in and try An Ice Cream Soda # It will make you # Smile with delight.

#> The Kandy Kitchen # # # Lower Wyndham St.t Guelph.

m, 3K 50K viv IK ®0K «&> <«iv ,/iv <* V*> a&» Vj

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Better Crops - Better Income

That is what every farmer is working for—better crops, because they mean a better in¬ come. Better crops can only be produced by properly applying farm manure, so that the tex¬ ture of the soil is improved and the plant food elements which the manure contains is made available for the plant. With an I. H. G. manure spreader you can spread the manure just right to make it most effective, and with much less labor than by the wagon and pitch-fork methods. The I. H. C. spreaders are the Corn King, a return apron machine, and the Cloverleaf, an endless apron machine. Bach style is made in a number of sizes. These spreaders are free from complication, and are made of carefully-selected, well- seasoned stock. Every part of these machines is constructed to insure durability and light draft. Local agents will gladly demonstrate the excellent features of these spreaders, and supply you with illustrated catalog, or write nearest branch house for colored hanger and booklet on “Wasteful Farm Practices.” Canadian Branch Houses: Calgary, Regina, Winnipeg, Hamilton, St. John, Ottawa, London and Montreal International Harvester Company of America (.Incorporated), Chicago, IJ.S.

The ^ Kiitier Wash Lnsr 1 M [ach ine

Wholesale and Retail Manufacturers of Dealers in DOORS, LUMBER SASH, LATH and FRAMES

SHINGLES All Kinds of All Kinds BUILDING Bill Stuff, Etc. MATERIAL The H. A. CLEMENS CO., Limited MANUFACTURERS OF WASHING MACHINES, STAIR BUILDING and INTERIOR FITTINGS A SPECIALTY Phone 50. GUELPH, CANADA.

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. XIV. THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

BETItR HAY PRICES

“Well-cured, half-sold,” is a true hay- proverb. Sweet, clean, well- dried, even-colored hay brings a high price in every market. You can shake newly cut hay and rake it all in one operation, and save the price of a sulky-rake and a tedder—if you own a Champion Side Delivery Rake Champion Hay Loader below illustrated, you have a combination that will do your haying up “to the King’s taste.” We can’t go into detail here about these high-grade haying machines, but we have done so in our free catalog. In it you’ll find answered the questions you’re most liable to ask. Capacity of Loader is easily 2 tons *— minutes; no break-downs, either; no getting off wage detach loader. With the Side Delivery Rake you ci shake and rake a 20-acre field easily in four hours and leave it in good shape for the loader. It works so smoothly—no threshing or hard-hitting—that it will rake clean a bean-field and not waste any. Better send fcr that catalog,c Fr and our “Parmer’s Ready Reckoner.” BOTH FREE. We have an agent in your vicinity who will gladly answer your questions. Call on him and ask about these two machines. THE FROST & WOOD CO., Limited SMITH’S FALLS. CANADA

This Magazine THE ADVANCE MAN ... is printed by us.

of a good establishment is good printing.

Whether it’s a Circular, a Letterhead, a Catalog- or a Booklet, we produce the kind that pays. We’ll figure for you, make a dummy, show you what we have done—and will do what we promise. Distance is no barrier to satisfactory service. Write to-day.

Long Distance Phone 175 London, Ontario. THE ADVERTISER JOB

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. XV. A Word With You, Mr. Man! When you patronize the high-priced exclusive tailor you pay the average price of a suit and then that much more for the name on- the label in the inside pocket. When you buy MACDONALD clothes—tail¬ ored to your measure—you pay a fair price and we give you the label—a label which for (14) years has been identified with honest clothes value. We are now showing a wide range of new fabrics in the season’s most popular color effects. Your inspection is invited. In our Furnishings assortments you will find the latest styles and finest qualities. We carry Christy’s English Hats, and Fowne’s English Gloves We have the sole agency in Guelph for the famous 20th Century Brand, ready-for-service clothing. One Purchase will Acquaint You with Our Price Lowness! D. E. MACDONALD &. BROS.

If you appreciate GOOD VALUES, you will be sure to buy your Shirts, Ties, Collars, Hats and Furnishing Goods

Here. The choicest stock in the city. My Tailoring Department

Is one of the most reliable in the trade. First- class, stylish clothing made to fit perfectly, and satisfaction always assured. See My Stock of Fine Up-to-Date Goods. Only — One Price . —— Goods marked in plain figures. Be sure and give me a call. r. e:. neilson.

Next Traders Bank Men’s Furnishings Just above the Post Office Hats and Fine Tailoring

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. XVI. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. POTASH

Is an indispensable ingredient of a Complete Fertilizer and has absolutely no substitute. POTASH may be had from all leading fertilizer dealers in the highly concentrated forms of The Underwoodr MURIATE OF POTASH Typewriter combines a reasonable - AND- price with the most exacting quality. SULPHATE OF POTASH No other typewriter represents so much for the money. If all the good Copies of our publications, including points of all other typewriters “Tabulated Results of Fertilizer Experi¬ were combined in one machine, it ments”, “The Potato Crop in Canada”, might compare favorably with the “Fertilizers for Hay and Grain Crops”, Underwood—and it might sutler etc., etc., will be mailed free to any in the comparison. address in Canada. The Dominion Offices UNITED TYPEWRITER GO. of the Potash Syndicate LIMITED 1102-1105 Temple B’ld'g, Toronto, Can. Adelaide Street East, Toronto.

MINERAL WOOL GOOD THINGS TO EAT

— FOR - You can always rely on J. A. McCrea & Cold Storage Insulation, Son for strictly

Pipe and Boiler Coverings, FRESH OYSTERS

Engine Packings, LOWNEY’S CHOCOLATES JACOB’S (IRISH) BISCUITS

Roofing, etcetc. CHRISTIES’ FANCY BISCUITS

CHOICE SWEET ORANGES

In fact anything special you might want Eureka Mineral Wool ft as a little extra treat.

Asbestos Co, J. A. McCrea & Son TORONTO Wyndham Street, Guelph

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. XVII.

THE. AUTONOLA Send for our free Catalog, The Piano everybody can play No, 71. and play well. BELL PIANOS AUTONOLA PLAYER PIANOS AND ORGANS CANADA’S BEST. USED THROUGHOUT THE WORLD—BUILT TO LAST A LIFETIME. Cameron's Pharmacy REED BROS. Successors to A. Matthews

The store for Toilet Articles Manufacturers of such as Perfumes, Soaps, HIGH-CLASS MINERALS AND Creams, Etc., Brushes, AERATED WATERS Combs, Manicure Sets, Etc. DUNDAS ROAD = = GUELPH 121 UPPER WYNDHAM STREET ^ Syphon Soda Water a specialty

GUELPH’S It is Here

BIG That the students HARDWARE supply their needs STORE in Hardware, Gut- THE lery and Sporting BOND Goods. We keep every¬

HARDWARE thing in Hardware

CO. LTD. and prices are ’PHONE 97 always right. Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. XV11I. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. Dominion Bank CENTRAL GUELPH Book Store

Opposite where the Street Cars stop. Total Assets - $49,000,000

Text Books, Exercise Books, Foolscap A General Banking Business Transacted. Writing Pads,

Savings Bank Department in connection Up-to-Date Note Papers and Envel¬ with all offices of the Bank. opes, Papetries, Etc., Etc., Deposits of $1.00 and upwards received. Bibles, Hymn Books Books by Standard Authors, Poets, Prayer Books Bankers for the O. A. C. In fact, everything kept in a well-ordered Book Store.

Manager Guelph Branch H. C. SCHOLFIELD C.ANDERSON&CO.

Manufacturers < High Grade Bank Office Fixtures, School, Library ^ Commercial Fur¬ niture, Opera Assembly Chairs, Interior Hardwood If you have the appliance to transform the energy to your Finish Generally. pump. A few dollars will purchase a CANADIAN A1RMOTOR which will save more time and labor than any other FARM IMPLEMENT. Thousands of these are now doing this all over Canada. Will render service all the year round, and will cost you nothing more than a LITTLE OIL and CARE. The CANADIAN A1RMOTOR is made by Canadian labor, of highest grade steel, and galvanized at our own works. Mechan¬ ism, the essence of ingenuity and simplicity. Our catalogue No. 21 is of interest to Farmers and Dairymen. ONTARIO WIND ENGINE AND PUMP CO., LIMITED, TORONTO

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. XIX. SPORTING GOODS ' IF YOU WANT A FIRST-CLASS JOB OF ALL KINDS. , - IN - Plumbing, Gas, Steam or Hot Water Fitting

- GO TO -

QUEBEC STREET

Prompt attention to all jobbing. ’PHONE 337. mcmillan bros Phone 31. 20 Wyndham St.

Geo. R. Wolcott J. D. McREE Phm. B. Sheet Metal Contractor HEADQUARTERS FOR EXPERT ON HOT AIR HEATING COLLEGE

— We make a Specialty of — TEXT BOOKS Copper, Galvanized Iron, Slate, Felt We carry the largest and most complete stock and Gravel, Tile, Pariod and of College Text Books in the city. Turnplate Roofing We are agents for the Famous Waterman Fountain Pen Dealer in Stoves, Ranges and House Furnishing Generally J. D. McKEE, Phm. B. Phone 06 12 Cork St., GUELPH 18 WYNDHAM ST., GUELPH

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. XX. THE 0. A. C. REVIEW.

We have a very complete 44 Specialists” stock of We specialize in Men’s Clothing devot ing our whole attention to it, the result is T and D clothes to-day Entomological are the best in Canada — AND —

We Manufacture the Clothes. We Sell. And can give you better value than the dealer who pays a “middleman’s” profit. Botanical Doesn’t take much figuring to reach this conclusion. We stand ready to prove it, and give Supplies you a cordial invitation to come and see for yourself. 1 For Students. At Students’ Prices. _ THORNTON & DOUGLAS LIMITED Alex. Stewart, CLOTHINS MANUFACTURERS — CHEMIST — Stores : NEXT POST OFFICE Guelph Stratford Chatham Berlin \

HE Memory of Qual- j ! fell-Dressed Ian] ity Lingers Pleas- } i The well-dressed man is the successful i antly; so why not buy your { ^ man of the day. A good appearance I counts for a great deal in these particular | times, and a little care about neat and I well-fitting garments is one of the best ? investments a young man can make. | FRUITS AND I Have your clothes made to order by I first-class custom tailors. \ GROCERIES I Talk WitH ^ where quality is the first j Keleher & Hendley consideration? \ A Great Stock of FURS to pick from, l i and we carry the finest. Our maxim is l OU=R ‘PHONE IS 169 ^ “Straight Goods and Straight Prices,” ' We Deliver Promptly. \ which will win in any market. Fur-lined ? 1 coats a specialty. | GOLDEN FLEECE BENSON BROS, j Agents for best makes Hats, Shirts $ GROCERS. ^ and Ties. }

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. xxi.

All in the choice. Coarse, bitter salt You think a furniture store should gives coarse, have what you want, we can fill your bitter butter —no matter how rich the cream order and save you money on every or how careful the work. purchase. TRY US. Windsor Salt gives that smooth, firm quality — that delicious flavour and uniform colouring. am i ABBsmonc Windsor—purest and best of all salts —is the least ex¬ Furniture Dealers and pensive. Costing no more than Upholsterers others, less goes farther, besides doing better work. At grocers’ every¬ GUELPH, - ONTARIO. where. 12e

Store a few doors above Post Office,

R.B.Kennedy Photographer WE GRIND OUR OWN LENSES

THE BEST PLACE TO GET This means not only that we give quick and A GOOD GROUP PHOTO¬ accurate service, but that here you get exactly GRAPH OR A PORTRAIT OF what you should have—not something picked YOURSELF, : : : out of a box, nearly what you want. When your EYES require attention go to one whose whole time is given to this work,

RHONE! 4 9©. A. D. SAVAGE Exclusive Optician

[Entrance with Savage & Co., Jewelers] Headquarters for Microscopes, Field Glasses, Etc.

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. XXII. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. AN INFLAMED TENDON “LITTLE WILLIE” POEMS.. NEEDS COOLING. Mickey Doyle was cut in twain ABSORBINE By the locomotive train, On the wheels ’twas very rough—

Will do it and restore the circulation, Mickey was so awful tough. assist nature to repair strained, rup¬ —Ex. tured ligaments more successfully than Firing. No blister, no hair gone, and you can use the horse. $2.00 per bottle, Baby wouldn’t go to bed, delivered. Book 2-C Free. ( Tho’ his ma did ask it; ABSORBING, JR., for mankind, $1.00 bottle. Cures Strained Torn Ligaments, Papa soaked him on the head, Varicose Veins, Varicocele, Hydrocele, en¬ larged Glands and Ulcers. Allays pain quickly Baby doesn’t need a bed, Baby needs a casket. You may know R. C. Thomas, of Calgary, —Ex. Alta., he writes, November: “I use Absorbine in my livery and for my Football. dray horses and find it very beneficial.” A rush and a sickening thud; Robt. Jones, Sr., Marmora, Ont., writes, A crash and a fall in the mud; April 8th: A half a yard gained; ‘‘I cannot praise Absorbine enough for what An arm or leg sprained, it has done for me. I had a valuable horse with a big leg and I used one bottle and it And the loss of a gallon of blood cured him completely.” —Ex.

CANADA’S BIG MUTUAL ! The Mutual Life Assurance Co. of Canada A Sound Company for Sound Policyholders. Insurance in Force ------$51,000,000 Assets, all first class,.$12,000,000 GEORGE CHAPMAN, General Agent. Foreign Advertisers in the O. A. C. Review

Should seriously consider whether th ey can refrain from advertising in The Guelph Weekly Mercury

The Weekly Mercury was established 1854, and has a sworn circulation of 4,844 copies per issue. Its clientele embraces the most progressive farmers and stock breeders in one of the oldest and best agricultural sections in Canada. An advertisement in the Weekly Mercury always brings paying results. j. mcintosh.

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. XXlll.

THIS IS THE SHEET METAL AGE

Lightning, wind and rain make

no difference to a roof that is cov¬

ered with Galt “Sure-grip” Shingles. Lightning just glides over the steel adjust itself to all degrees roof, runs down the conductors and of heat and cold. Galt“ Sure- grip” Shingles will never disappears into the ground. Galt crack or warp—they are the “Sure-grip ” Steel Shingles and Steel strongest shingles made. Sidings never burn, remember. You pay the same price for Galt “Sure-grip” Shing¬ The three raised beads on each les as for the common kind shingle provide ample allowance for —which do you think the expansion and contraction. A roof better investment ? A post card will bring covered with Galt “Sure-grip” Shing¬ you our free illustrated les has the power to automatically catalogue. THE GALT ART METAL CO., Ltd., Galt, Ont. Ga IfSu re-gri p Shinglej The Metropolitan Bank Capital Authorized, - - - $2,000,000 Capital Paid Up, - - - 1,000,000 Reserve and Surplus Profits, - - 1,183,713 A General Banking Business Transacted.

Students’ Accounts Receive Careful and Prompt Attention.

GUELPH BRANCH: O. I_NELLES, - Manager. Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. XXIV. THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

The Burgess Studio PRINGLE JEWELER Entomological Supplies, HIGH-CLASS PORTRAITS Magnifying Glasses, all qualities, Fountain Pens Special Rates to Students Rubber Stamps, O. A. C. and Macdonald Institute College Pins

We are at your service for good

Photographs. Call and see us. The Busy Book Store

O.A.C. and Macdonald Students J. W. ROGERS cannot do better than come to us for all College Supplies. A full line STUDIO OVER DOMINION BANK always in stock. Buy a Sterling Fountain Pen and Walter E. Buckingham, B.A, LL.B. stop dipping. BARRISTER SCOTT (a TIERNEY Solicitor, Notary, Conveyancer, Etc. Phone 72 Douglas Street, GUELPH. Lower Wyndham Street Office Phone, 175. House Phone, 404.

— GO TO — Economical - - PETRIE'S - - - QlothinQ The best value for your DRUG STORE money is always got at our Store. We can clothe you for For Medicines and little money, and we can give Toilet Articles, you as high-grade garments as Seed Bottles, Etc. are made in Canada. In fact, Headquarters in Guelph for all kinds of all our garments have CLASS Photographic Supplies. about them. A call solicited. Films developed and prints made. Latest designs in Comic and Picture Post Cards. Remember the place. J. A. SeOTT Petrie's Drug Store j Designer of Men’s Garments Lower Wyndham Street. | ’Phone 72

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. THE 0. A. C. REVIEW. ::xv McHUGH Bros., OAK HALL 26 Lower Wyndham St. Are prepared to supply students with Glothing Store the finest range of Pipes, Tobaccos, Cigars, Cigarettes, Pouches, etc., CLOTHES PRESSED AND CLEANED at prices consistent with quality. We keep a Practical Tailor to do this work, The finest assortment of goods PHONE. 510 shown in the city. Come in and see us. PARCELS CALLED FOR AND DELIVERED

PEP ¥©IDf EVB Jones & Johnston SEE A jPEMTlEilS INSURANCE Real Estate and Steamship iPMEMT LHEE Agents TEES PMEMnEM Ask for information about the Dominion Line PEMTS ? . Excursion Party to Edinburgh, Scotland. PHONE 210 J. J. KELSO St. George’s Square, Guelph, Ont. Opposite Post Office, - Guelph -THE--- Dawson Commission Company, Snowdrift TORONTO Will be pleased to handle your shipments Peoples of Poultry, Butter, Eggs, Apples, Honey, Beans, and other farm produce, and they can get you as good prices as .any other firm in Maple Leaf Toronto. Three well-known brands of Flour. Correspondence solicited. Ask for them and be sure The Dawson Commission Company, you get them. TORONTO. The James Goldie Co, Limited STAMPS FURNISHED. GUELPH Telephone 499 H. Occomore & Co. SHEET METAL WORKERS

HEADQUARTERS Heating and Ventilating Contractors

FOR HARDWARE AND Dairy Supplies, Kitchen Furnishings

SPORTING GOODS AT Stoves, Ranges, Granite and Tinware

LOWEST PRICES. A complete stock.

G. A. RICHARDSON 126 WYNDHAM ST. GUELPH Upper Wyndham Street - Guelph 'Phone 328.

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. XXVI. THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

NEW IMPORTATION OF CLYDESDALE STALLIONS PHOTOS! Mares and Fillies, Hackneys and Shetland Ponies COLLEGE GROUPS Your choice of 30 Mares and Fillies, includ¬ — AND — ing winners in Scotland, at moderate prices. For particulars apply to G . A BRODIE, INDIVIDUAL SITTINGS BETHESDA, Ont Promptly attended to. Stations: Stouffville, G. T. R. Claremont, C. P. R. Photographer Gormley, C. N. R. D. H. BOOTH, Telephone Service from stations to residence Upper Wyndham St. Next RYAN’S

Smith & Richardson -.t.- THE . - '' :=^3 COLUMBUS, ONT ELECTRIC BOILER Importers of Clydesdale Horses COMPOUND CO., Ltd This year’s importation is by far the GUELPH, ONT. best bunch we ever landed, among Walker’s Electric Boiler Compound them the Toronto and Ottawa Winners. R. R. Stations—G. T. R.—Oshawa. High Grade Lubricating Oils, Greases, Pack¬ Brooklin. ings, Belt Lacings, Flue Scrapers, Etc. C. P. R.—Myrtle Long Distance ’Phone at Residence. Crystal Cream Separator Oil • A SPECIALTY Pine Grove Stock Farm WATERS BROS. Rockland, Ontario, Canada. HAVE BOUGHT OUT BREEDERS OF SCOTCH SHORTHORNS The Chas. Chapman Co.’s, London and SHROPSHIRES COMPLETE STOCK OF W. C. EDWARDS & CO, Limited NATURE STUDY SUPPLIES Entomological Pins. Insect Boxes, Collecting Cans. PROPRIETORS Nets, Spreading Boards, Cyanide and Seed Bottles, etc Eowest Prices. Mail orders will receive careful and JAMES SMITH, Superintendent promt attention.

J. DRYDEN £> SON Waters Bros., 41 Wyndham St. Guelph Maple Shade Farm BROOKLIN, ONT. Home of the oldest and largest herd of Cruickshank Shorthorns in America. Dunrobin Stock Farm Shropshire flock fom ded 1871. Station—C. P. R., Myrtle, 3 miles. G. T. R., Brooklin, 1 y2 miles. CLYDESDALES, SHORTHORNS

Poultry, Pet Stock, Farm and YORKSHIRES 10 Garden Books of all kinds. A choice collection of the above line of stock Fanciers’ and Stockmens’ always on hand. IlINCUBATOBSI Printing Leg Bands and t&ms&gEsM stoek Markers. Donald Gunn & Son, Proprietors We have the most complete line of Poultry and Pet Beaverton P. O. and Station Stock supplies in Canada. Catalogue free. G. T. R. and C. N. O. R. A. J. MORGAN - LONDON

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. THE O. A. C. REVIEW. XXVll.

— GO TO THE — BROADFOOT’iS HUB BARBER SHOP For a good Shave and Hair Cut GEO. A. LEADSTON, Prop.

Phone 381 - St. George’s Square. SOCIETY CARDS city shoe: store: Ladies’or Gent’s. Printed. 50e per 50; 75e per 100. By mail prepaid. All kinds of Try us for Sporting Shoes of all kinds. Commercial and Society printing. Satisfaction guaranteed. O. R. WALLACE, Opera House Blk. GUELPH, ONT. W. I_. KEIL, Cor. WYNDHAM ST. and MARKET SQUARE. D. M. FOSTER, L.D.S., D.D.S.,

— DENTIST — MARRIOT & CO. Corner of Wyndham and Macdonnell Streets FLORISTS, Over Dominion Bank Roses, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Smilax, Telephone 14. Asparagus, Etc. Phone 378. St. George’s Square. C L O T H E S GLEANED, PRESSED AND REPAIRED NOTICE Work done right. Prices right. The best and most convenient Barber Shop for O.A.C. Students. Quebec St., opposite r'TJ A Q A ITTTTT' Chalmers’Church L-tlAO. X\. U 1 1. WM. COON, St. George’s Square Street Cars every 15 minutes. Three chairs. R. H. McPHERSON, Barber No waiting. HAIR CUT, 15c; SAT., 5c EXTRA Stewart McPhie IV. A. Mahoney Close 7 p. m. McPHIE & MAHONEY — ARCHITECTS — Upper Wyndham Street, GUELPH. Phones : Office, 215; Residence, 237 Telephone Building • Guelph, Canada (SL )«, Opera House Block HAND LAUNDRY Goods called for on Monday, and returned Our Groceries on Wednesday. We guarantee best work in Guelph. -ARE ALWAYS- Fresh, Wholesome and Strictly First Class 17 Lower Wyndham. Telephone 112 Jackson & Son

Guelph and Ontario Investment and Savings Society AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT. At Guelph, Truro, St, Anne de Bellevue, Win¬ Deposits of fi.oo and upwards taken Highest current rates allowed. nipeg, and the trade generally. J. E. McELDERRY, Secretary-Treas

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering advertisements. XXV111. THE O. A. C. REVIEW.

FAR AHEAD OF ALL COMPETITORS The IMPROVED 1908 UNITED STATES CREAM SEPARATOR Is safely In a CLASS BY ITSELF The Improved 1908 U. S. Separator has met with such favor every¬ where it has been used that people who have purchased other makes not uncommonly say, “ Had I seen your separator first, I would not have purchased the separator I did.” Now, be sure (all you who are anticipating purchasing separators), you do not have this to regret when it is too late and you have parted with your good dollars. Read below what Ex-Governor C. J. Bell of Vermont says about one of our new style machines he uses.

The new pattern of U. S. Separator I have been using the past few months is a complete machine. It is low dow n, runs very easy, skims clean, wears well, no repairs or changes to be made, cleans easy, in fact it runs like a top. All the cows and take care of the cream, which is in elegant

e stillest running machine I have ever used. C. J. BELL, East Hardwick, Yt.

Write today for our Illustrated Catalog No. 143 Address all letters to the Vermont Farm Machine Co. Bellows Falls, Vt.f U. S. A.

Distributing warehouses at: Chicago, Ill., La Crosse, \ wWis.,7’. Minneapolis,1\/I- _ 11 _ Minn.,IV/I: Kansas— — — City,( '.. Mo.,IV ^7 Omaha, VmI-. Neb.,Toledo,IN CD., I Olcclo, U.,O., SaltDait L3K6Lake City,Eiiy, Utah,u Ian, Denver,jL-'enver, Colo.,v^oiu.i I San Francisco, Cal., Spokane, Wash., Portland, Ore., I Buffalo, N. Y., Auburn, Me., Montreal and Sher- j brooke, Qyebec, Winnepeg, Man., Hamilton, Ont, Calgary, Alta. 493 | Massey-Harris § I Cream Separator 1 %3 -- * % EASY TO FILL. % EASY TO TURN. % % EASY TO CLEAN. % % % SAVES MORE OF THE <% CREAM AT ALL TEM¬ % PERATURES THAN % ANY OTHER. % % NO DANGER FROM % % EXPOSED GEARS. % % CORRECT MECHANI¬ % CAL CONSTRUCTION. % % WAIST-LOW SUPPLY % CAN. % VERY SIMPLE. % <% DURABLE. % || A handsomely illustrated booklet entitled “ GIVE ^ |J YOUR COWS A SQUARE DEAL,” and containing g much interesting and valuable information can be had ^ by asking ^ | The Agent « BIG BUTTER CONTEST National Buttermakers’ Association

WON AS USUAL BY USERS OF De Laval Cream Separators

On March 11th, 12th and 13th there was held at Minneapolis, Minn., the big annual butter scoring contest of the National Buttermakers’ Association. 504 of the best buttermakers in the United States competed in this contest, which makes the results especially interesting and important. The first prize was won by J. C. Post, Hector, Minn., with a score of 98%; the second prize by E. A. Blomquist, Center City, Minn., with a score of 97'/2%, and the third prize by G. P. Sauer, East Troy, Wis., with a score of 97%. All three of these victorious buttermakers, of course, use De Laval cream separators. This contest, as has every similar contest held within the past sixteen years, shows a complete victory for butter made from De Laval separator cream. A clean sweep of all highest prizes was made by De Laval butter at the big National Dairy Show held in Chicago last October, as well as at sixteen of the more important state fairs of 1907. Going further back, De Laval made butter re¬ ceived the Grand Prize at the St. I_ouis World’s Fair, as well as the Grand Prize at the Paris Exposition. Invariably in these big contests more than 90% of the contestants who receive a score of over 90% on their butter have been found to be DeLaval users. In hundreds of such contests the world over during the past twenty years, the superiority of the De Laval Separator over all others for making fine butter has been conclusively proven. A postal card will bring our handsome new catalogue illustrating and describing the new 1908 improved De Laval machines in detail, and affording a complete education in the production of the finest quality cream for making prize win¬ ning butter.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO 173 - 177 William Street 14 and 16 Princess Street MONTREAL. WINNIPEG.