sign in sign up
<<
Home , Calcium channel blocker, Mimosa pudica, Tetraethylammonium

Signaling &Behavior 7:9,1163-1167;September2012;©2012LandesBioscience www.landesbioscience.com (Venus Flytrap), effects on effects had ether that observed 1878, In Bernard Claude to stimuli. touch tion. retarda growth as well movement, as aslower response produced pudica of M. response tactile the involvedin the ionicspecies determine to () influx ammoniumchloride), Na ammoniumchloride), hydrazone, pentachlorophenol, and 2, 4-dinitrophenol increase increase 4-dinitrophenol 2, and pentachlorophenol, hydrazone, carbonylcyanide-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl (CCCP), drazone physical stimuli in Pudica Mimosa in stimuli physical of response the reduce that showed Some studies treated with agents known to disrupt either K either to disrupt known agents with treated were also . and halothane experiment this in using pudica, Mimosa in responses thermal and tactile reduce ics carnivore’s leaf-closing ( leaf-closing carnivore’s botanical on the effects anesthetics investigating while Darwin, Ba Milne and Beamish plants. and animals between anesthesia in mechanism common of acertain existence the suggests author This concentration. ing immobiliz minimum the and of anesthetics, order of potency in plants to equal seem animals ofanesthesia, reversible terms In potency. that proposed It was the with vary action plant that determined it was agents volatile different Applying animals. in to that similar maybe plants in agents to anesthetic pudica M. sevofluraneim and enflurane halothane, chloroform, , as such agents plant insensitive after being exposed for 25 min. exposed being after insensitive plant by the presence of ether. presence by the altered was plant of this sensibility that vapor. He observed ether http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb/ 03/02/12;Submitted: 06/02/12; Revised: Accepted: 06/04/12 *Correspondence to: ThiagoPaes de Barros De Luccia; Email: [email protected] 2+ as well as uncouplers carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhy uncouplers as well as 6,7 blockers chloride and and chloride tetraethylammonium blockers Ion channel control groups. with group the to compare measured leaves was is what Dionaea in and Mimosa’s in displacement angular The plants. these with substances these of interaction the about to theorize elements to bring review,literature we tried Pudica Mimosa of movements the on ether, diethyl and lidocaine, , of ( Venus in and Pudica Flytrap Mimosa in stimuli physical of response the reduce that anesthetics showed studies Some Dionaea muscipula Dionaea M. pudica M. 2 peculiar plants that have the ability to respond to respond ability the have that plants peculiar 3 Mimosa pudicaMimosa muscipula, Dionaea , and found that this substance rendered the the rendered substance this that found , and showed that inhalational and local anesthet local and inhalational that showed D. muscipula Introduction + , K 5 ), peculiar plants that have the ability to respond to touch stimuli. In this research we tested the effects effects the we tested this In research stimuli. to touch to respond thathave ability the plants ), peculiar Okazaki Keywords: . All of this ionic blockers employed ionic blockers of this . All + - triphosphatase or Ca+- or Ca+- triphosphatase -adenosine , and proposed that the response response the that proposed , and 1 Department of Physiology; University of São Paulo Medical School; São Paulo, Brazil Paulo, São School; Medical Paulo São of University Physiology; of Department 1-4 ), tried chloroform and then then and chloroform tried ), 2 Dionaea muscipula Dionaea in and tested volatile anesthetic anesthetic volatile tested Mimosa pudica, Dionaea muscipula, anesthetics, ether, lidocaine anesthetics, muscipula, Dionaea pudica, Mimosa and anesthetics + efflux (tetraethyl efflux 1 In 1875, In Charles Thiago Paes de Barros De Luccia PaesThiago BarrosDe de Plant Signaling &Behavior - - - - -

using electrical stimuli. electrical using experiments the in trap the to close charge electrical larger cantly a signifi and require flytrap venus in closure of trap time the was measured to compare the drugs group with control groups. controlgroups. with group drugs the to compare measured was Venus in and what is Mimosa in displacement angular The for animals? used drugs other and anesthetics to study model apossible plants are is: made initially be can that Aquestion plants. these with stances sub of these interaction the about to theorize elements to bring Pudica movements on of the Mimosa amlodipine ether, and diethyl manner. parallel pudica of M. primary the in found of D. muscipula midrib of the motor The cells cells. these of the membranes through andoccurs ions water of flux the where it conformation, rapidly of change capacity the have that cells to specialized related plant’s are involved in response nisms the mecha of plants, species both In Venus and flytrap. Pudica Mimosa as such response, touch-stimulus noticeable highly rapidand with plants but certain only channels ano-sensitive were reported to overcoming in seeds in dormancy to overcoming were reported cytoplasmic streaming. cytoplasmic also a very powerful anesthetic. powerful avery also hormone, is stress as sciences plant contemporary the in discussed Ethylene, Red). Ruthenium and LaCl3; phalloidin; A; (latrunculin some substances with related ment petioles of the move angle in adecrease demonstrated It was petioles. pudica of Mimosa angle bending on the reagents -related and In this research we tested the effects of ketamine, lidocaine, lidocaine, of ketamine, effects the we tested research this In of mech use the with stimuli to mechanical react can Plants Dionaea muscipula Dionaea and 1, * 9 14 8 Yao Results 9 demonstrated the effects of actin of actin effects the demonstrated and . With a With Venus and Flytrap. . With a literature review, we tried we tried review, aliterature . With 10-12 Moreover, several anesthetics anesthetics Moreover, several probably act in a in probably act reS 13 and to inhibit to inhibit and earch PaP and those those and 1163 er - - - - -

©2012 Landes Bioscience. Do not distribute. 1164 shows that the reversibility of the “state of anesthesia” is a critical acritical is “state of anesthesia” of the reversibility the that shows It plants. Venus in not show did Flytrap Ether plant). of portions death and (dehydration use lidocaine with days few after affected some leaves had plants Venus Flytrap All 35%. 1ml of more ether then with exposure the after dehydrated lets leaf the had one Mimosa and lidocaine after dehydration serious Two had doses. plants of Mimosa depending plants both in ( immobilization. total almost <0,001)(p causing Venusand Flytrap Mimosa in effect evident 0,01).> an had Ether (0,02 >p but in not ofFlytrap Venus leaflets, closing spontaneous <0,001) (p petioles ofand the immobilization strong causing mimosa in controlgroup vs. effect significant had Lidocaine (p > 0,10). Venus and flytrap mimosa controlin vs. effects icant no signif had Ketamine way 118 same the In of freedom. degrees (p > 0,10) Venus with and flytrap mimosa controlin vs. effects =0,01, no have significant showed p-value amlodipine Assumed (standard deviation =(standard deviation 6°). group ether 5° in =6°) and deviation 47° (standard was group control in (B) muscipula D. =7°). deviation (standard 6° was change angular average the group ether In =7°). deviation dard pudica M. Figure 1. Both, the ether and lidocaine, showed clearly toxicity observed observed toxicity clearly showed lidocaine, and ether the Both, The graphs show the angular displacement in both plants. (a) (a) plants. both in displacement angular the show graphs The : in control group de average angular change was 28° (stan- 28° was change angular average de group control : in : the average angular change Fig. 1 Fig. Plant Signaling &Behavior ) - - erases, etc.). erases, lucif ATPases, transport transport, electron over, mitochondrial linked systems, linked , non-NMDA glutamate receptor,receptor,GABA non-NMDA glutamate receptor, NMDA (nicotinic action this in ciated anesthetics. of action the to related receptors specific assume often theories solubility. oil protein olive The their and of anesthetics potency the between correlation the observed that Overton and Meyer from comes lipidand solubility.lipid theory The affinity ular molec in act they where humans, in system nervous central of the parts various in of anesthetics action the defends theory unitary The isolation. in phenomenon, them the however, no explains of elucidation some to the way contributein all Certainly level. molecular and (cellular) microscopic macroscopic, on the based are theories These of action. mechanism their to explain attempt with anesthesia? related immobilization this Is “motor on the cells”? stress osmotic by this caused plants of the immobilization the Is stress. osmotic to agreat subjected being plants due to possible the effect an dehydration, produced drugs Both lidocaine. with and ether the with found toxicity by the suggested is doses of drug importance The protein? animal to any related proteins these lipid. Are brane mem by altering actions lipid solubility,of mediate their may because and bind to protein(s) might agents anesthetic these plants, In actions? broader by these mediated some effects Are systems. of multiple function the alter can they and action cific spe to mediate proteins bind to specific that concentrations the beyond and to cells astressor somewhat are drugs All achieved? was concentration what asite and of action, reached actually lidocaine. and of ether case in works on previous based and amlodipine, and of ketamine case criterion in acertain without chosen was dose, drug Each blockers). channel calcium and ics (anesthet plants sensitive of these immobilization obtained that muscipula. Dionaea and pudica to Mimosa related some works in studied been have patterns much of these and plants of these to power move of this patterns common to know it important is view macroscopic this In some substances. with treated plants of reaction the to observe it possible is analysis, a macroscopic In cells. in or multiple ion of channels single study the allows technique patch-clamp the analysis, amicroscopy here. In bered Two of plants. - remem are kinds of them on those substances of certain effects the to determine some methodologies are There (ether). min) =30 deviation (standard min 40 after happened exposure ether after reaction normal of the return the Venus In (ether). flytrap time d of life 40 with in h) 6 = deviation 12 h(standard after it observable is although point, Cl on propagation of an action potentials through specialized cells cells specialized through potentials action of an on propagation GABA - channel, protein Kinase C, phospholipase C, inositide turn inositide C, phospholipase C, protein Kinase channel, In case of the anesthetics, there are several theories that that theories several are there anesthetics, of the case In drugs aqueous the collocated: be may questions Some initial works on previous based were chosen study this in drugs The B receptor, glicine receptor, receptor, receptor, G-protein- glicine 15 16 Many receptor, ion channel and enzymes were asso enzymes and receptor, Many ion channel If we believe that these plant movements depend plant these that we believe If α 2 -, Na receptor, -adrenergic Discussion + channel, K channel, Volume 7Issue9 A receptor, receptor, + channel, channel, 2,3,5 8,9 ------

©2012 Landes Bioscience. Do not distribute. www.landesbioscience.com (in analogy with a cell), aneurons with analogy (in sition of membranes, could be responsible for chilling injury. for chilling responsible be could sition of membranes, tran phase cold-induced that hypothesis the with according are fluidity, membrane decrease which pressures, idity, to high and flu membrane increase which halothane, and to methoxyflurane tissues plant of the lipid solubilities.” response relative The their and animals in anesthesia inducing in effectiveness relative their to “similar is injury chilling reducing in anesthetics two of the effectiveness relative the that proposes author The discs. pericarp tomato and discs cotyledon cucumber segments, hypocotyl ber cucum in injury chilling reduced methoxyflurane and halothane in Mimosa for example). Mimosa in aquaporin ( membranes motorcell pulvinar side to sidefrom the duits con water as to serve alleged are () Waterand channels happen. fluxes these which through channels the on congregate day)the 24 h of a during of leaflets movement the causes that rhythm circadian (involvedin clock biological endogenous the from signals and signals Luminosity lipids. membrane from cium of cal release the cause and microtubules depolymerize channels, ion affect protein conformation, alter can anesthetics and sures pres high low temperatures, that saying affected, be also may components cellular other that suggests author the Nevertheless interconnecting the pulvinar motor cells. The forces for pulvinar for pulvinar forces The motor cells. pulvinar the interconnecting plasmodesmata via as well extent some to occur may fluxes water solute the and pulvinus integral the in cells, to guard a distinction ways the pulvinus into swelling cells and out of shrinking cells. out of and shrinking cells into swelling pulvinus the ways consequently, and, water, cross KCl fluxes take which ATPase, proton membrane “Osmotic Motor” by aplasma power-driven is called The cells. of this oppositely parts positioned two in changes turgor volume and of divergent consequence movements are pudica. Mimosa of pulvinus primary the of and Venus midrib of the Flytrap cells motor the here,with substances ofsible some chosen relation be the conduits for the entry and efflux of K efflux and entry for the conduits the be in principle from that established for the stomata guard cells. guard stomata for the established that principle from in not diverge does cells, of pulvinar volume changes osmotic for the concept of anesthetic-protein interactions. anesthetic-protein of concept whole present the probably encompasses wisdom this Ueda, with According changed. hydration of the state the and conformation the which ofin protein colloid state equilibrium areversible is anesthesia that concept the terminology, modern in envisioned, author this observation, this With stimuli. to electrical responded and transparency normal to the returned muscle the evaporation, or were removed by washing anesthetics the When decreased. was it transparency and rigid, stimuli, to electrical unresponsive became substances, of these exposure the under tissue biological this noted model, that muscle animal on vapor an their and ether or solutions ofdiethyl chloroform of aqueous effects the observing yet. demonstrated be must ity similar However, this animals. in and plants in potentials action of blockage the in some similarity exist that think us let drugs In relation with osmoregulation in pulvinar flexor cells, this this cells, flexor pulvinar in osmoregulation with relation In pos the in attention the to focus is study this in interest Our Saltveit Claude Bernard, in an essay on the mechanism of anesthesia, of anesthesia, mechanism on the essay an in Bernard, Claude 18 demonstrate that exposure to vapors of the anesthetics anesthetics of the to vapors exposure that demonstrate 18 8,9,17 19 20 the immobilization by some immobilization the Ion channels are alleged to to alleged are Ion channels One of the present models models present One of the 16 + and the efflux Cl of efflux the and Plant Signaling &Behavior γ -TIP -TIP 21 In In -19 18 19 ------target effectors of Ca2 effectors target pathway. possible The signaling phosphatidylinositol of the part as it to confirm attempts with pulvinus, the in of signaling ies brane ATPases more than the others local anesthetics. local others the more than ATPases brane mem plasma and tonoplast inhibited Dibucaine lipid mediation. without moiety ATPase on the directly act may anesthetics local that proposed ), and lidocaine, (dibucaine, ics acteristics. to look for some insight about the mechanisms of anesthetics of anesthetics mechanisms the about to look for some insight blocker, channel one in calcium and general) and (local thetics yet. demonstrated to be needs channels plant other and of aquaporins blocking the and channels these for specific highly are amlodipine and caine locals? both in or membrane, on cell ion on channels, the act These cells? mal on mam of actions mechanisms to the similar cells plant on the anesthetics of inhaled of actions mechanisms the Are receptors)? (NMDA orketamine channels) (sodium lidocaine channels), calcium (L-type by amlodipine blocked be would that pathways protein/signaling employ of the any plants involved in cesses pudica movements on of the Mimosa amlodipine ether, and diethyl treatment. this during stem meri the in progression cycle cell in block atransitory observed of Pisumsativum of roots meristem the in gas ethylene with treatment of exogenous effect the investigated forhanging snapping. Kasamo inherently already leaf, unsteady elastically point of the setting the of shifting that only function: trivial arelatively motor performs ins. Applying effectors of Ca2 effectors Applying ins. responses to illumination. responses movement severe their with as well as movement rhythms their with interfered to pulvini antagonists, mobilization or calcium activated cytoskeletal elements. cytoskeletal activated by exerted achievement due squeezing to sudden out cells of the centrations, for example in the reduction of mitotic index. Rost of index. mitotic reduction the in for example centrations, con anesthetic clinical ator near properties comparable to have shown are ethylene and halothane study this In of plants. species on Viciafaba of halothane those with effects its ing by compar connected, be might of ethylene properties hormonal drive for water efflux from cells from efflux for water drive osmotic the rising apoplast, extensor to the addicted phloem from unloading sucrose aabrupt from to result movement thought is quick peculiar movements. This rhythmic in as of minutes, tens and in not seconds, in collapse Leaflets movements). thigmonastic and (seismonastic some ways in different be might of Mimosa reaction seismonastic fast very of the period for the shrinking cell centrations as low as MAC x10 MAC low as as centrations case of different process: according to Forterre according process: of different case another is – range an ms in 100 of Venusleaves occurring trap, fly tonoplast and plasma membrane H membrane plasma and tonoplast Cytosolic Ca2 Cytosolic In this study, we focus the attention in some different anes somedifferent in attention the study, wefocus this In lido of ketamine, case the in especially effects, drug These lidocaine, of ketamine, effects the we tested research this In Ethylene is notable for its hormonal actions in plants atcon plants in actions notable for hormonal its is Ethylene and D. muscipula and 10 Powell + has been the essential focus in most stud most in focus essential the been has 10 tested the hypothesis that its anesthetic and and anesthetic its that hypothesis the tested + may be actin, and annex and calmodulin actin, be may , thinking in the questions: do the pro do the questions: the in , thinking 26,27 + 23 25 , such as calmodulin or, EGTA, calmodulin as , such -6 22 The very fast movement of the fast very The investigating the inhibition of and have also anesthetics char anesthetics also have and and/or ultrafiltration of water water of ultrafiltration and/or + -ATPase by local anesthet by local -ATPase . In this work it was work it was this . In 24 the osmotic osmotic the and other other and 1165 29 ------

©2012 Landes Bioscience. Do not distribute. . M 3. O 2. B 1. . B 5. W 4. 1166 age temperature of 25°C Venus Adults temperature up to 45 time. age dof life aver an in soil in vases in were grown Pudica of Mimosa Plants movements. plants immobilize can why some anesthetics stand more to under elements bring could studies Future area. this more toin contributealithe we aim research this few, with are of plants species these in anesthetics using studies Because action. inter motor about cells or profound propose theories anesthetics action of the receptor for specific define we cannot tigation of inves kind this With of plants. immobilization total almost pudica M. in effect more evident the had that drug the was Ether peculiarities. motor and cells action ( - 90°) + (90° -θ +(90° - 90°) D. muscipula D. in displacement Figure 2. calculate the positions at the end. the at positions the calculate to degrees 0to360 from angles circle displacement. angular the (right), demonstrating tion θ 2 –θ Masui 1993;42:1190-3;PMID:8366560. tive plant,Mimosa pudica L., by volatile anesthetics]. Son, 1878. to AnimalsandPlants. 1thed.Paris: J.-B.Ballliere and dx.doi.org/10.2307/2435933. sleep movements. Am JBot1931;18:102-11;http:// pudica. I. animalanesthetics upon The effectofcertain http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03012612. Can JAnaesth1999;46:287-9;PMID:10210057; reduce tactileandthermalresponses inmimosapudica. Venus Flytraps. Anesthesiology2009;111:3:497. ause GS. Anesthesiology reflections - Darwin Etherizesause GS.Anesthesiologyreflections -Darwin ernard C.Lectures onPhenomena ofLifeCommon kazaki N, Takai K,Sato T. [Immobilization ofasensi- allace RH.Studies onthesensitivityofMimosa ilne A,Beamish T. Inhalational andlocalanesthetics 1 = ± 28°).The illustrations show the plants before (left) and after mechanical stimula- mechanical after and (left) before plants the show illustrations =±28°).The Dionaea muscipula Dionaea 2 ) after stimulation after References Materials andMethods ( Pudica Mimosa in ] =±47° and Mimosa pudica Mimosa and left) (on the ( Δθ ) given by equation: [( equation: by ) given and D. muscipula causing causing D. and muscipula . V 8. S 7. K 6. . Y 9. θ dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.68.4.880. Physiol 1981;68:880-4;PMID:16662018;http:// unrolling, respiration, andphosphataseactivity. Plant leaf movement, stomatalconductance,barleyleaf Sciences 2009;1:50-1. International Journal ofPharmacy andPharmaceutical http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.108241. Plant Physiol 2008;146:694-702;PMID:18065564; and mechanismofDionaeamuscipula trapclosing. PMID:19513198. of Mimosa pudica.Plant Signal Behav 2008;3:954-60; changes ofcalciumlevel duringthepulvinusmovement 1 - 90°) + (90° -θ +(90° -90°) axe H,RajagopalR.Effect ofvanadate onbean ao H,Xu Q, Yuan M. Actin dynamics mediates the olkov AG, Adesina T, Markin VS, Jovanov E.Kinetics umar N.Mimosa pudical.asensitive plant. Δθ (on the right). Normal angular angular Normal right). (on the ) the result of subtracting: subtracting: of result ) the Plant Signaling &Behavior 2 ) - - - - before stimulation before No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. were interest of conflicts No potential to the variation in the data. the in variation to the relation in means two between difference to analyze used was T-test group). drug 60 vs. controlgroup (60 of plants species two for the and drug for which were performed ner. tests 60 man aqualitative in observed was individuals of the Integrity of analysis. time the after plants the were removed by washing substances The timed. was plants of the of recovery time ments, experi the After lamp. fluorescent Wcompact a60 with ing light controlled with period, morning the during performed were experiments The movement stimulated). (1trap or 2hair ] -[( θ 1

Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest of Conflicts ofPotential Disclosure 28° (in M. pudica) and by the equation [( equation by the and pudica) M. (in 28° was used to Trigger hair irritation and cause cause and irritation to Trigger hair used was with Semmes-Weinstein10 g monofilament 10 gSemmes-Weinstein. Venus In Flytrap with amonofilament using touch mechanical was Mimosa in petiole of the falling the vate to acti stimuli The cotton). piece in applied 35% water, -1ml ether and of distilled of 9ml 1ml +flush 10% water, Lidocaine of distilled +8ml 2ml water, Ketamine +10ml of distilled 5mg (amlodipine groups ment drugs of the displace angular average the with compared were plants) of the roots on applied the water with10ml of distilled treated was (that group control of the displacement angular average - 90°) + (90° -θ +(90° - 90°) equation: equation: by the obtained was =6°), deviation dard Venus =47°, and (average stan =7°) tion devia =28°, standard (average for Mimosa ( displacement angular Normal device. transfer angle and with were performed (Venus) closing leaves and (mimosa) ing bend petiole of the Measurements ments. experi the in used were plants Venus flytrap Fifteen and plants mimosa store. Fifteen specialized in a acquired were plants flytrap (90° -θ (90° 4 E 14. T 13. 12. U 11. P 10. Protoplasmic Streaming inPlants. Oxford, 1903. BF00380106. Planta 1979;145:507-10;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ mancy inseedswithethanolandother anesthetics. org/10.1056/NEJMra021261. 2003; 348:2110-24;PMID:12761368;http://dx.doi. of actionsinhaledanesthetics.NEngl JMed Campagna JA,Miller KW, Forman SA.Mechanisms bja/aef164. 89:3-16; PMID:12173238;http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ relevant togeneralanaesthesia.Br JAnaesth2002; dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/45.7.682. Anaesth 1973;45:682-90;PMID:4730160;http:// ofethyleneinplants.Branaesthetic properties J A comparisonwithhalothaneofthehormonaland 2 owell JN,Grant CJ, Robinson SM, Radford SG. wart AJ.On thePhysicswart andPhysiology ofthe aylorson RB, Hendricks SB.Overcoming dor- ) rban BW, Bleckwenn M.Conceptsandcorrelations θ after stimulation after 2 after stimulation 2 after 2 ) before stimulation ] =±47° ( –θ 1 before stimulation 1 before ] -[( Volume 7Issue9 Fig. 2 Fig. θ 1 - 90°) + -90°) ). The The ). = ± = Δθ θ - - ) ------1

©2012 Landes Bioscience. Do not distribute. www.landesbioscience.com 1 Schr 21. 20. M 19. S 18. D 17. H 16. S 15. 0004(89)90272-7. 92; PMID:2475930;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968- higher plantcells. Trends Biochem Sci1989;14:187- inosmoregulationand active transport andsignalingof http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm278. movements. AnnBot2008;101:1-4;PMID:18024416; Uehlein N,KaldenhoffR.Aquaporins andplantleaf dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.002. Lett 2007;581:2337-47;PMID:17434488;http:// jxb/44.8.1361. Exp Bot1993;44:1361-8;http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ ofPlants.and AnaestheticsonChillingInjury J org/10.1126/science.152.3721.539. http://dx.doi. PMID:5910198; 1966; 152:539-40; tor ofvenous flytrap, Dionaea muscipula.Science Baltimore.45-76. Williams1974; Wilkins, Edmond I,Eger II. AnestheticUptake andAction. 1994; 44:43-52. altveit ME.Effect ofHigh-Pressure Gas Atmospheres araiva RA.Inhalation Anesthetics.Rev Bras Anestesiol iPalma JR,McMichael R,DiPalma M. Touch recep- alsey MJ.Mechanism ofGeneral Anesthesia,In: oran N.Osmoregulation ofleafmotorcells.FEBS oeder JI,Hedrich R.Involvement ofionchannels 3 T 23. F 22. 25. F 24. org/10.1007/BF01196340. tion. Trees Struct Funct 1988;2:18-24;http://dx.doi. II. Energesis andtransmissionofseismicstimula- lated andnon-stimulatedleaves ofMim osapudica. Membrane H Kasamo K.Inhibition of Tonoplast andPlasma nature03185. 5; PMID:15674293;http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ How the Venus flytrapsnaps.Nature 2005;433:421- pp.49.1.72. 81; PMID:16657899; http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/ cells ofMimosa pudica L.Plant Physiol 1972;49:72- role intheregulation ofseismonastyinthemotor Physiol 1988;29:215-21. L.) Culture Cellsby LocalAnesthetics.Plant Cell romm J,Eschrich W. Transport processes instimu- orterre Y, Skotheim JM,Dumais J,Mahadevan L. oriyama H,Jaffe MJ.Migration ofcalciumandits Plant Signaling &Behavior + -ATPase Activity sativa inRice(Oryza 9 R 29. P 28. 7 G 27. 26. org/10.1007/BF01283332. effect. Protoplasma 1986;130:68-72;http://dx.doi. pea root tips:amechanismtoexplaintheexcision ylene inthecontrol ofcelldivisionincultured bja/45.7.682; PMID:4730160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ Anaesth 1973;45:682-90; ofethyleneinplants.Branaesthetic properties J A comparisonwithhalothaneofthehormonaland org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03353.x. Photobiol 1999;69:722-7;http://dx.doi. ment ofRobinia pseudoacacia leaflets.Photochem lin inhibitorsandbluelightonrhythmicmove- 1997; 35:922-915. leaf movement ofPhaseolus vulgaris.Plant Physiol Kayali S,AgostiRD.Effect ofEGTA onthediurnal owell JN,Grant CJ, Robinson SM, Radford SG. ost TL, Jones T, Robbins JA. The role ofeth- omez LA, Moysset LA, omez L,Simon E.Effects ofcalmodu- 1167

©2012 Landes Bioscience. Do not distribute.