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Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Fakulteta Oddelek Za Etnologijo in Kulturno Antropologijo

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Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Fakulteta Oddelek Za Etnologijo in Kulturno Antropologijo UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA ETNOLOGIJO IN KULTURNO ANTROPOLOGIJO LINA RAVBAR ANARHIZMI Anarhizmi v SFR Sloveniji od 1991 do 2008 skozi zgodbo (A)Infoshopa Diplomsko delo Mentor: red. prof. dr. Bojan Baskar Somentor: Študijski program: doc. dr. Nikolai David Jeffs Etnologija in kulturna antropologija Ljubljana, 2012 Zahvala: Hvala Niku, Vidi, Milanu, Danici, Kseniji, Bojanu, Urši, Sebastjanu, Mojci, Andreji, Metelkovi, vsem sogovornikom za intervjuje, Rogu, Lovrotu, Primožu, pankhausu s podporniki, Katji, Tei, Mateji, Manou, Davidu, Jakatu, Čukulele, Tanji, sceni, vsem za podporo (takšno in drugačno), druženje, muziko! Živeli! Izvleček: Avtorica v nalogi skozi zgodbo (A)Infoshopa predstavi nekatera udejanjanja anarhističnih ter ostalih svobodoljubnih idej in praks v Sloveniji med letoma 1991 in 2008. Časovno izhodišče (začetek 90-ih let 20. stoletja) postavi v družbenopolitičen kontekst razpada SFRJ in nastanka nove Države, katerega osrednja karakteristika je nastop novo oblečenega kapitalističnega sistema. Tako je v tem času moč beležiti vznik različnih anarhističnih vzgibov akterjev in akterk, ki pa niso nujno vedno deklarativno anarhistični. Avtorica jih predstavi in opredeli v medsebojnem razmerju idej, pobud in aktivnosti ter v razmerju do »klasičnih« anarhističnih idej in delovanj v svetu. Poskuša predstaviti, kateri so lokalni, regionalni in globalni razlogi za porast anarhističnih idej, in kako se novodobni anarhizmi razlikujejo od starejših. Prav tako pri opredeljevanju novejših anarhističnih idej, pobud in praks poskuša osvetliti kontinuiteto z akterji prejšnjih generacij. Te so nosilke skupne jugoslovanske izkušnje akterjev s področij umetnosti, alternativnih glasbenih scen in novih družbenih gibanj, ki so do neke mere vplivali na oblikovanje novih anarhizmov. A ti so se pojavljali in se pojavljajo danes predvsem v luči družbene realnosti zadnjih dvajsetih let. Anarhizem je odgovor na ujetost človeških življenj v Državo, Kapitalizem, Vojno, Spektakel. Izvleček (EXTRACT) (ANARCHISMS. Anarchisms in Slovenia between 1991-2008 through the story of (A)Infoshop): Thesis presents some of the anarchist freedom-loving ideas and practices in SFR Slovenia during years 1991 and 2008, through the story of (A)Infoshop. The timeline (beginning of the 90's of 20th century) is situated into the socio-political context of the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the emergence of a new State, with a main characteristic being the newelly dressed appearance of the capitalistic system. This is the period in which to the emergence of different anarchistic impulses of actors is recorded, but these are not always declaratively anarchistic, because they don’t Name themselves. They are presented and defined in mutual relation; as ideas, impulses and actions and also in relation to »classical« anarchist ideas and actions around the world. The thesis presents the local, regional and global reasons for the rise in anarchist ideas and how the modern anarchisms differ from past ones. By defining newer anarchist ideas, initiatives and practices the thesis aims to highlight the continuity with the actors of previous generations. These and their actors are the bearers of common Yugoslav experience in the fields of art, alternative music scenes and new social movements, which, to some extent, affected the design of new anarchisms. But they have occurred and are still occurring today, especially in light of social reality of the past twenty years. Anarchism is a response to the entrapment of human life in the State, the Capitalism, the War -- the Spectacle. Ključne besede: anarhizem, (A)Infoshop, kapitalizem, anarhistična teorija in praksa. Anarchism, (A)Infoshop, capitalism, anarchist theory and practice. KAZALO 1. UVOD ................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Kratek pregled anarhistične misli do leta 1991..........................................................2 2. METODOLOGIJA ..........................................................................................................6 2.1. Antropologija in anarhizem .........................................................................................9 3.1. Latentni anarhizem .....................................................................................................15 3.2. Manifestni anarhizem .................................................................................................17 4. (A)Infoshop danes ..........................................................................................................18 5. Skvotiranje - ne le streha nad glavo, ampak tudi kot politično dejanje ...................22 5.1. Skvotiraj, ustvarjaj, reci NE Vojni, Državi in Kapitalizmu, poj, ljubi, uživaj! ....25 5.1.1. Erjavčeva ..................................................................................................................26 5.1.2. Porast anarhistične oblike delovanja po letu 1991? .............................................26 5.1.3. AKC METELKOVA MESTO ................................................................................28 5.1.4. Globalni odpor proti kapitalizmu ..........................................................................33 5.1.4.1. Seattle, Praga, Genova…FUCK CAPITALISM! ..............................................34 5.1.4.2. UZI .........................................................................................................................42 5.1.4.3. AC Molotov, anti-NATO mobilizacija, Galicija, Punk .....................................50 6. Nazaj v (A)Infoshop .......................................................................................................62 7. TOPLESS FEDERATION ............................................................................................68 7.1. SAF, SiSD in FAO .......................................................................................................68 8. SKLEP ............................................................................................................................81 9. Povzetek (SUMMARY) .................................................................................................84 10. VIRI IN LITERATURA .............................................................................................85 1. UVOD Zgodovina anarhistične misli in tradicije v Sloveniji 1 je na prvi pogled videti skromna, pa vendar je anarhizem kot ideja in kot metoda prevzel mnoge ljudi. Tako v borbah različnih družbenih gibanj za fizično preživetje in dostojanstvo kot v uporih vseh svobodomiselnih ljudi je anarhizem bil in ostaja orodje, ki ga nekateri zavestno, drugi pa nezavedno uporabljajo za gradnjo, pa naj se le sliši utopično, svobodnega sveta. Od devetdesetih let naprej beležimo pri nas vznik različnih anarhističnih vzgibov in dejavnosti akterjev in akterk, ki pa niso vedno nujno deklarativno anarhistični. Naloga je sestavljena kot kolaž zgodbe o nastanku (A)Infoshopa v Avtonomnem kulturnem centru Metelkova mesto, kjer so se izkristalizirali pretekli, sedanji in prihajajoči trenutki anarhizmov, t.j. praks, idej, pobud. Spoznali bomo, kako so ti bodisi latentno bodisi manifestno anarhistično obarvani in razlikovanje med njimi bom popisala v tej nalogi. Nekatere bom podrobneje obravnavala, nekatere le omenila, drugi bodo ostali zunaj tega kolaža. (A)Infoshop je manifestno anarhistični prostor, kot bomo spoznali, v katerem delujeta kolektiv Infoshopa in lokalna skupina FAO (Federacija za anarhistično organiziranje). Ta je nastala tudi kot plod preteklih anarhističnih idej in pobud ter dejavnosti in izkušenj akterjev in akterk. Te zgodbe so se pisale tako skozi skvoriranje, začenši z zasedbo Metelkove, kot tudi z umeščanjem v delovanje znotraj polja širših (globalnih) družbenih gibanj. Po razpadu SFRJ nastopi nova družbeno-politična realnost z uveljavitvijo kapitalističnega modela. Spoznali bomo, zakaj in kako je vplivala na nastanek novih idej, pobud in akcij. Ker se bom v nalogi posvetila predvsem anarhističnim trenutkom zadnjih dvajsetih let, bom najprej na kratko predstavila nekatere tiste, ki so se zgodili pred tem. V tem smislu bomo tudi spoznali, do kakšne mere in v katerih oblikah obstaja kontinuiteta anarhistične misli pri nas in koliko je ta sploh relevantna v udejanjanju svobodoljubnih praks po letu 1991. Te so nastajale na lokalnem nivoju, odsevale pa so regionalne (področje bivše SFRJ in širšega balkanskega področja) in globalne družbene resničnosti. Prostor (A)Infoshopa v tej nalogi predstavlja kolaž lokalnih, regionalnih in globalnih anarhističnih idej, pobud in praks. V nalogi se bom posvetila predvsem tistim, ki 1 Napotek bralcu: V nalogi sem se odločila uporabiti tudi izraze »pri nas« in »na slovenskem jezikovnem področju«, ker je izraz »v Sloveniji« preveč ozek za opis zgodb, ki so se odvijale na področju države Slovenije, a so regionalnih in globalnih razsežnosti. Kljub temu »v Sloveniji« določa nek ohlapen geografski in zgodovinski okvir, v katerem teče pripoved. 1 so vznikale od začetka devetdesetih let naprej, zato je treba najprej na kratko predstaviti tiste, ki so se zgodile že pred tem. 1.1. Kratek pregled anarhistične misli do leta 1991 Sedemdeseta in osemdeseta leta 19. stoletja so bila prizorišče množičnih delavskih bojev po svetu in tudi v evropskem prostoru. Prav tako je bil to čas ostrih frakcijskih sporov med zagovorniki bolj reformističnih in zmernih strategij in pristopov k delavskemu boju in tistih bolj radikalnih, marksističnih
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