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Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Population Assessment and Telemetry Project, Final Report (December 2016)

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Teck Coal Limited +1 250 425 3331 Tel Technical Report Overview Sparwood Administration Office +1 250 425 3330 Fax P.O. Box 1777 www.teck.com 609 Douglas Fir Road Sparwood, BC Canada V0B 2G0 Report: Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Population Assessment and Telemetry Project, Final Report (December 2016) Overview: This report presents the results of a study of the Westslope Cutthroat Trout population in the Fording River watershed upstream of Josephine Falls, from 2012 to 2017. The purpose of this study was to determine the health, resilience and sustainability of the Westslope Cutthroat Trout population. This report was prepared for Teck by Westslope Fisheries Ltd. For More Information If you have questions regarding this report, please: • Phone toll-free to 1.855.806.6854 • Email [email protected] Future studies will be made available at teck.com/elkvalley Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Population Assessment and Telemetry Project Final Report Study Period: August 2012 to November 2015 Westslope Fisheries Ltd. 800 Summit Drive Cranbrook, B.C. V1C 5J5 Project lead and report author: Scott Cope, M.Sc., R.P.Bio. Westslope Fisheries Ltd. December 2016 Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Assessment and Telemetry Project Cover Photo: Mature female Westslope Cutthroat Trout (485 mm fork length, 1,340 g) being released after implantation with a Lotek Radio Tag and application of Floy tag for use in radio telemetry tracking and population estimation, reclaimed Henretta Pit Lake, Fording River Operations, Upper Fording River, August 30, 2012. Suggested Citation: Cope, S.1, C.J. Schwarz2, A. Prince1 and J. Bisset3. 2016. Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Population Assessment and Telemetry Project: Final Report. Report Prepared for Teck Coal Limited4, Sparwood, BC. Report Prepared by Westslope Fisheries Ltd., Cranbrook, BC. 266 p. 1 Westslope Fisheries Ltd., 800 Summit Drive, Cranbrook, BC, V1C 5J5 2 Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6 3 Canadian Columbia River Inter-tribal Fisheries Commission, 7468 Mission Road, Cranbrook, BC, V1C 7E5 4No part of this publication (including associated data) may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission from Teck Coal Limited, Sparwood Environmental Office, 124B Aspen Drive, Sparwood, BC, V0B 2G0. 4Data has been archived and is considered confidential. Data requests should be referred to Teck Coal Limited, Sparwood Environmental Office, 124B Aspen Drive, Sparwood, BC, V0B 2G0. December 2016 • ii Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Assessment and Telemetry Project Executive Summary Teck Coal Limited (“Teck”) commissioned a multi-year (2012 – 2015) study to understand the current status of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in the Fording River watershed upstream of Josephine Falls. The Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Population Assessment and Telemetry Project (the “Project”) was completed by Westslope Fisheries Ltd. in partnership with the Canadian Columbia River Inter-tribal Fisheries Commission (CCRIFC), under the guidance and direction of a Steering Committee that consisted of representatives from Teck, the BC Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations, (MFLNRO), the Ktunaxa Nation Council and Simon Fraser University. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) participated as a Steering Committee member in the study design and implementation phase. The Project was intended to provide supporting data for decision making around land use planning and fisheries management in the upper Fording River watershed. The overall goal or purpose of this study was to determine whether the upper Fording River watershed Westslope Cutthroat Trout population was healthy, robust and sustainable. Concerns have been raised regarding resource development and recreational use in the area and it was believed that fisheries management decisions related to the Westslope Cutthroat Trout population in the upper Fording River watershed would benefit from a more complete understanding of the status of the population, the current habitat availability and its use. To address the overall goal of the study, seven key study questions were identified by the Steering Committee, as follows: 1. What is a viable Westslope Cutthroat Trout population? 2. Are the fish healthy (with respect to condition factor)? 3. Is the Westslope Cutthroat Trout population sustainable? 4. Is it one interconnected population or multiple populations (with respect to genetics)? 5. What are the habitats (critical and overall habitat) in the study area? 6. What are the movement patterns and why? 7. What is the distribution of Westslope Cutthroat Trout seasonally, considering life history stage and upstream distribution limits? Teck operates three surface coal mines within the upper Fording River watershed in southeastern British Columbia: Fording River Operations (FRO), Greenhills Operations (GHO) and Line Creek Operations (LCO). Coal production began in 1971 with a current total combined December 2016 • iii Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Assessment and Telemetry Project production capacity of approximately 17 million metric tonnes of clean coal (Mtcc) annually. In addition to mining, forest harvesting, recreational activities, road, railway, and natural gas pipeline developments also occur in the upper Fording River watershed. Westslope Cutthroat Trout are the only fish species known to occur in the upper Fording River and its tributaries. Josephine Falls represents a natural barrier to upstream fish movement and this barrier has protected this population from hybridization with non-native Rainbow Trout. As a result, this population is one of a limited group of populations that have been identified as genetically pure, thus making them an important population in the context of Westslope Cutthroat Trout conservation. The Fording River is a tributary to the Elk River, which is one of seven major streams and their tributaries in the upper Kootenay River watershed that were designated as Class II Classified Waters in 2005. The classified waters licensing system was created to preserve the unique fishing opportunities provided by these waters, which contribute substantially to the province’s economy and reputation as a world class fishing destination. In 2010, the Province of British Columbia closed the upper Fording River to angling due to uncertainty regarding the Westslope Cutthroat Trout population status. Although there are many healthy populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in the East Kootenay, Westslope Cutthroat Trout are a blue-listed species (i.e., species of concern; formerly vulnerable) in British Columbia and COSEWIC designated the British Columbia population of Westslope Cutthroat Trout as Special Concern in November 2006. Currently, the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) lists the British Columbia population of Westslope Cutthroat Trout as Special Concern under Schedule 1 of SARA. If a project is subject to an assessment under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, measures must be taken to avoid or lessen any adverse effects of the project on the species. Additionally, fisheries protection and pollution prevention provisions of the Fisheries Act provide protection to this species. DFO in cooperation with the MFLNRO is currently developing a Management Plan for Westslope Cutthroat Trout (British Columbia population). This study employed a literature review of previous studies within the upper Fording River in combination with field methods including telemetric methods, snorkel mark-recapture, Floy and PIT (Passive Integrated transponder) tag mark-recapture, juvenile densities (representative removal-depletion locations), and habitat mapping (review of high resolution (10 cm) aerial photography and ground-truthing). These methods characterized the fluvial population of Westslope Cutthroat Trout and their habitat within the upper Fording River watershed in terms of December 2016 • iv Upper Fording River Westslope Cutthroat Trout Assessment and Telemetry Project abundance, genetic differentiation, mortality rates, condition factors, age class structure, growth rates, life history strategies (home ranges, movement patterns and seasonal distribution by life stage), and habitat (available and critical e.g., over-wintering, rearing, spawning and migration corridors). Results were subsequently used to evaluate population viability and perceived threats to population resilience and sustainability. A synthesis of these results, relating to the specific study questions identified by the Steering Committee, is summarized in Table I immediately following this executive summary. Habitat utilization was used to infer habitat preferences for the upper Fording River population of Westslope Cutthroat Trout through repeating telemetric use patterns, juvenile densities, and distribution (by life stage). These preferences were examined in relation to habitat mapping results (i.e., habitat availability, or quantity, distribution and quality) and identification of habitat impacts (i.e., habitat losses due to infilling, fragmentation and channel degradation) that could reasonably be expected to impact life history diversity, habitat carrying capacity and population abundance. Finally, results were considered within the context of species preferences and conservation
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