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BC's Dirty Secret: Big Coal & the Export of Global

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BC's Dirty Secret: Big Coal & the Export of Global-Warming Pollution Acknowledgements BC’s Dirty Secret: Big Coal and the Export of Global-Warming Pollution is Above intended for broad public consumption. It was written to inform affected individuals, First Nations and other stakeholders about British Columbia’s Skeena Headwaters Photo: turtleisland.org growing role in the global trade of coal. The report is designed to provide a comprehensive look at the coal industry in BC and its broader climate- Strip mine change, environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Photo: wired.com blog 08/12/18 This guide is the product of Dogwood Initiative’s staff, volunteers and Cover contractors. Many people played an important role in its completion. Shannon McFadyen was the primary researcher and author of the report, Delta Coal Port Photo: MEMPR with my assistance. Matt Takach, Charles Campbell, Cliff Stainsby, Paul Mably, David R. Boyd and Kevin Washbrook provided in-depth comments Truck works a strip mine and suggestions. Michael Begg provided excellent advice about structure Photo: flickr and readability as well as his usual expert editing skills. Vyvyan Rousseaux helped with proofreading the report. Aldea Wood provided the design and layout template and Matt Takach did the layout and design. Hugh Stimson contributed his Geographic Information Systems (GIS) expertise Please contact us for additional and produced many of the report’s maps. The endnote expertise of Peter copies of this guide: Kahrel and Karl Hardin was indispensable. Dogwood Initiative The creation of this report would not have been possible without the PO Box 8701 Victoria BC V8W 3S3 generous assistance of our funders at Mountain Equipment Co-op and the Phone: 250.370.9930 YWCA’s Youth Eco Internship Program. We appreciate their support. Fax: 250.370.9990 As with any major research project, some errors and omissions are [email protected] www.dogwoodinitiative.org inevitable. We used the best available data and attempted to be as accurate as possible. Any mistakes are mine. Executive Director, Dogwood Initiative Funding for the project provided by MEC. Thank You! acknowledgements i Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... i Acid mine drainage (left) Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 2 Skeena headwaters (right) Key Questions ................................................................................................................................. 8 Photo: turtleisland.org BC Coal: Facts & Figures ................................................................................................................. 9 Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Important Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 13 Part I: Introduction to Coal ......................................................................................................... 14 Where Is Coal Mined in BC? ................................................................................................... 16 Types of Coal ........................................................................................................................... 18 Anthracite ........................................................................................................................... 19 Bituminous Coal ................................................................................................................. 19 Sub-Bituminous Coal ......................................................................................................... 19 Lignite ................................................................................................................................. 19 Types of Coal Mining ............................................................................................................... 20 Open-Pit Mining ................................................................................................................. 20 Underground Mining ......................................................................................................... 21 How Much Coal Is There? ....................................................................................................... 22 World Coal Reserves and Production ............................................................................... 22 Canadian Coal Reserves .................................................................................................... 23 Canada’s Coal Trade ........................................................................................................... 23 BC Coal Reserves ................................................................................................................ 24 BC’s Coal Ports ................................................................................................................... 28 How Does BC Coal Get to the Ports? ................................................................................ 31 Part II: Coal’s Impacts on the Planet .......................................................................................... 32 Heat-Trapping Impact of Coal ................................................................................................. 32 Heat-Trapping Impact of BC Coal Mines ........................................................................... 33 Deceptive Accounting of Pollution from Coal Mining in BC ................................................ 34 Actual Heat-Trapping Pollution Produced by BC Coal ...................................................... 35 Pollution from Proposed BC Coal Mine Reserves ............................................................ 38 Impact of Burning BC Coal Reserves on Global Carbon Budget ...................................... 38 Part III: Laws Regulating Coal in BC ............................................................................................ 40 BC Carbon Tax and Coal .......................................................................................................... 41 Limitations of the Carbon Tax ........................................................................................... 42 BC’s Climate Change Legislation:Cap and Trade Act ........................................................... 42 BC and Cap and Trade ............................................................................................................. 44 How Cap and Trade is Supposed to Work ......................................................................... 44 Western Climate Initiative ...................................................................................................... 45 WCI and Coal ...................................................................................................................... 46 table of contents ii Part IV: The BC Coal Industry ........................................................................................................ 47 Currently Approved Coal Mines ............................................................................................... 47 Company: Teck .................................................................................................................... 48 Company: Western Coal ..................................................................................................... 55 Company: Peace River Coal Ltd. Partnership .................................................................... 60 Company: Vitol Anker International B.V. .......................................................................... 62 Inactive Mines Being Re-Commissioned ................................................................................ 65 Company: Compliance Energy .......................................................................................... 65 Proposed Coal Mines in British Columbia .............................................................................. 68 Company: Teck .................................................................................................................... 70 Company: Western Coal ...................................................................................................... 71 Company: Peace River Coal ................................................................................................ 72 Company: Vitol Anker International B.V. ........................................................................... 75 Company: Centermount Coal Ltd. ...................................................................................... 76 Company: Canadian Dehua International Mines Group Inc. ........................................... 77 Company: Fortune Minerals .............................................................................................. 80 Company: Compliance Energy ........................................................................................... 82 Company: Cline Mining Corporation ................................................................................ 83 Company:
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