Below 2010.1

B E L O W ! Quarterly Journal of the Shropshire Caving & Mining Club Spring Issue No: 2010.1 A Big Thank You Busy Start to the Year To show our appreciation of all the We seem to have had a busy start to Yew Tree hard work that they have put into the 2010. The scheduled ‘one day’ of Another digging project has been running of the Club over the years, at work at Clive, on the 9th January, to taking place at Snailbeach, where we the January meeting, Alan Taylor, fit water depth probes to the well have been given permission to open was voted in as Lifetime Vice pump, suddenly changed into a major up Yew Tree Level. President and Bob Taylor, was made replacement job! an honorary member. The level was dammed and used as Congratulations to both of them and This was the pump that we helped the water supply to Lord’s Hill Thank you. install 5 years ago, which suddenly Chapel and house, although it only failed on the 4th January, the Estate supplied one outside tap, and NAMHO 2011 managed to obtain a replacement, occasionally during droughts the Several meetings have been held so which the Club fitted over the neighbouring farmer’s cattle. far to start organising the 2011 weekend of the 9th-10th January. See Conference. It has been decided to page 18 for more details. Things have progressed since the hold it at Preston Montford Study first dig on 23rd Jan., with a dig every Centre, near Shrewsbury on the last Pitchcroft Saturday. On 13th Feb. a few club weekend of July. The dig at Pitchcroft continues to members reached an inner dam, 36.2m expand. What was originally thought from the entrance (the level had been Volunteers are still required, ranging to be a small engine house, seems to completely full of water before we from trip leaders to helpers in the grow with each visit! started), on the 20th Feb the dam was lecture area. Even if you feel you can passed to reach a run-in shaft about only spare an hour or two, every little Various artefacts have been 4m further on. More digging!! helps. Suggestions or ideas for the uncovered, including lots of metal Alan Robinson and Steve Holding in wedges or shims, various bolts, weekend would also be welcomed. Yew Tree Level, February 2010. tobacco pipe fragments and a few (Kelvin Lake - I.A.Recordings) larger items such as a spanner and cast iron plates. A report on the dating evidence from the tobacco pipes, by David Poyner, is on page 3, with David Adams’ drawings of the dig up to October. David has since managed to measure and draw everything exposed up to the January 2010 dig. When (if?) the dig is complete it is hoped to produce the dig report as a Club Account. Left: David Adams measuring features of the dig at Pitchcroft in January 2010. (Kelvin Lake - I.A.Recordings) “Below” 2010.1 1 News Round-Up 1 Ivor Brown Quarrying - Danger perhaps earlier. The local Squire Jones’s husband however, did not Is now one of the most dangerous Forester died in 1811 - he left an like it and has recently re-cut it and industries in the UK. Since 2000, instruction that on his death his renamed it “The Wild Heart”. This is twenty-one workers have died and horse should be shot and buried, a still shown on TV occasionally. The more than 2,700 have suffered a flat stone marking the spot but writer remembers the filming in Much reportable injury. without inscription. (See Below Wenlock town square. Also being 2004.4, 2005.1, 2008.3 and 2008.4) shown at Snailbeach, the plywood Last Mining Lecturer? coffin used in the film and the One of the last of the former mining Rowson’s of Snailbeach “shallow shaft” used for filming the lecturers at Walker Technical A note in IJBs 1992 notebook states final shots when the cry goes up College, Eric Culley has recently died. “Joseph Rowson had 22 children (he “Gone to Earth” as Foxy (the fox) and Other lecturers in the later period pre died in 1930s). His eldest daughter Hazel (Jennifer Jones) fall down it. 1979 (closure of Granville Pit) had 18 (17 were still alive and in the included Mr. Johnson and Mr. phone book in 1992). Can any other Telford Pit Mound Barber. family beat this? (Information from The Council for the Wrekin area have lady cleaning the toilet by Snailbeach been informed that they have Dog Memorial Shirlett Village Hall) incorrect names for two of the Although recently collapsed, the “15 pitmounds to be designated: metre high” chimney-like memorial to Gone to Earth the retriever who fell down a shaft is Jennifer Jones, principal actress in Blists Hill Pit mound should be shown and described in the recent the film of the Mary Webb book ‘Shaws Pit Mound’. ‘Shire book’ on ‘Animal Graves and based on the Snailbeach area died Tweedale Pit mound was ‘Halesfield Memorials’ by J.Toms (ISBN 13 978 0 recently aged 90. The film, much of it Pit Mound’ or it could include a 7478 0643 1). made around Lords Hill Chapel was sixth mound - ‘Guys Pit Mound’ It is said to be 19th Century, but released in 1950 under the book title. behind the Three Furnaces pub. An Unusual Shropshire Colliery Two ‘navigable levels’ are shown on “From these water pits, tunnels were waterwheels to obtain rotary power, a plan of Donnington Wood Colliery constructed to carry the water to the the steam pump was used to pump dated 1788 in different seams underground canal and at the back water for re-use by the wheels. geologically and about 60 yards apart terminus of the canal were ‘fire Waterwheels and water balance vertically. Unlike ‘boat levels’ in engines’ which brought up the machines as described by Cartlidge other British mines neither of the surplus supply of water”. were used in conjunction with steam navigable levels seems to reach engines in the same way for winding surface at any point or even connect This make sense when it is realised (see figure 1). waterwise with each other. They do that although pumping by however connect with the surface by reciprocation was possible using The most unusual feature at means of shafts. steam engines from early 1700s, Donnington is that they seem to rotary winding motion could not be have used an underground reservoir There is only one interpretation in used for winding satisfactorily until of water (a flooded roadway) for print which describes the workings, the end of that century. At transporting the tubs of coal this is in “Vales & Gates of Use - Coalbrookdale for example, they built (perhaps several in each boat) rather Con”, a history of the Oakengates steam pumps but had to use than tubs on tracks. Why? area by the Rev. J.E.G. Cartlidge in 1936. He wrote “The older pits were called ‘Tub-pits’ because there were two shafts, one for haulage and the other for the water tub which when filled with water descended and brought up the coal tub to the surface.” “The water tub had a moveable base with three projecting prongs beneath it, which when they touched the bottom released the water and thus reversed the process”. 2 “Below” 2010.1 The Pitchcroft Tobacco Pipes David Poyner Some of the most useful objects for design; they continued to be The second pipe has a fragment of a dating sites are clay tobacco pipes1. produced until around 1870. Six of stamp [S]AR…/BR….; the S is very These were first produced at the end our bowls have this form, two have faint. This is Sarah Roden of of the 16th Century, shortly after the leaf decoration and the rest are Broseley, who is known to have tobacco was introduced. They have plain (Fig 1). made pipes from 1828-1835. undergone many changes in shape and size; some also carry the name of We have over 50 stem fragments. The final stamp is FRIEDLANDER/ their maker. Stems are always more commonly LON…; the mark of Lesser found than bowls. It is much harder Freidlander of London, a firm of They have been extensively studied to get useful information from a stem tobacconists said to have made pipes by archaeologists and so can usually than a bowl; there are some age- in 1887-82. be dated. They were smoked in the related trends in the diameter of the workplace and so are more likely to hole in the middle of the stem, but The Sarah Roden and Friedlander be found on mine sites than domestic these are very weak. pipes illustrate some of the pitfalls in pottery, the usual artefact used for trying to use pipes to date features. dating. This article describes the Several stems include the base of the The Sarah Roden pipe was found on pipes we have so far discovered at bowl; one has been decorated with a top of the foundation wall of the Pitchcroft limestone mine (SJ 739 series of ridges (Fig 1). It is not engine house (Fig 2). The simplest 712). possible to identify the design, but explanation is that it dates from when decoration became more common the engine house was demolished. We have found over 80 pipe from the middle of the 19th Century. fragments in the course of our Another has a fleur-de-lys stamped However, there is a problem. th investigation; this compares with 20 on it; these were common on 19 Immediately above it is a layer of ash; pieces of pottery.

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