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The London Charterhouse, Its Monks and Its Martyrs, with a Short Account

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The London Charterhouse, Its Monks and Its Martyrs, with a Short Account President White Library. Cornell University. A^/S-feZ vi/^M Cornell University Library BX2595.C5 H49 London Charterhouse, its monks and its m 3 1924 029 404 310 olin The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029404310 THE LONDON CHARTERHOUSE ITS MONKS AND ITS MARTYRS THE LONDON CHARTERHOUSE ITS MONKS AND ITS MARTYRS WITH A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE ENGLISH CARTHUSIANS AFTER THE DISSOLUTION DOM LAWRENCE HENDRIKS MONK OF ST. HUGHS CHARTERHOUSE, SUSSEX LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO., i, PATERNOSTER SQUARE Imprimi potest Fr. Anselmus Maeia, Prior Cartusia, Minister Generalis Ordinis. Die 12" Novembiis, 18 {^The rights oj translation and a/ reproduction are resejved,^ PREFACE. In the present work it is intended to give a con- nected and fairly detailed history of the London Charterhouse. The situation of the Charterhouse in the midst of the busy centre of the commercial world, the existence even to-day of a considerable portion of the ancient buildings, the peculiar life its inmates used to lead, and the troubles that befell them in the sixteenth century, all tend to render the subject interesting. Other spots in the City are comparatively quiet, Austin Friars for instance, but none so quiet as the precincts of the Charterhouse. There are other monastic remains in the City, but none so considerable as those of the Charterhouse. Of Carthusian life, indeed, nothing can be found in the London of to-day ; but the Order to which the monks of the Charterhouse belonged is still in existence, and has lately returned to England with the same rule, the same habit, and the same spirit VI PREFACE. as in the days of old. As to the troubles of the sixteenth century, there is certainly no monastic establishment in London of which so much is recorded. Though avowing Catholic principles, we trust to be found impartial from an historical point of view ; for our object is to place before our readers all that is worthy to be recorded of the monks of the Charterhouse, neither exaggerating the virtues and good deeds of the best, nor hiding the delin- quencies of the worst. The short account of the English Carthusians since the dissolution will, we think, be new to almost all our readers. As regards the sources of information, the re- ferences given throughout the book would be almost enough it ; yet may be worth while to note that the works on the Charterhouse itself which are men- tioned in our pages are very little known beyond the somewhat narrow circl-e of Protestant " Carthu- sians," or Charterhouse boys. To these works we are indebted for most of the particulars regarding Thomas Sutton and his institution, and to them we must refer our readers for more minute details of the rather uneventful history of the Charterhouse as an almshouse and a public school. Smythe's Historical Account, published in 1808 and now very rare is PREFACE. VII by far the best of these works, and it has proved useful in the compilation of the history of the Char- terhouse, even when it was inhabited by those from whom it derives its name. We have endeavoured to give the documents and letters with all possible accuracy. It has, how- ever, been deemed advisable to modernize the spelling. We are indebted to several persons, both within and without the Carthusian Order, for aid in the collection of materials. Grateful thanks are espe- cially due to the Rev. Mother Superior and one of the Sisters of the English Convent at Bruges, who supplied us with the extracts frorn Father Long's NotitiaCartusianorum ; and to Mr. C. M. Berington, who has presented to our Order all that belonged to his relative. Father Williams, the last English Prior, including the seal of Sheen Anglorum ; but above all to the Rev. John Morris, S.J., who, with his well-known zeal for all that concerns the English Martyrs, has helped us very considerably, and has rendered the work less imperfect than it otherwise would have been. The photoprint illustrations will, it is hoped, be deemed a valuable addition to the work, for the pictures of which they are faithful reproductions are VI 11 PREFACE. of historical as well as of artistic worth. That in six compartments (No. II. in the List of Illustra- tions) is the most ancient. The original, painted on wood, is still preserved at the Grande Char- treuse, and under it is the curious inscription given on page 350 of this volume. Three others (Nos. III., v., and VII. in list) are from paintings by- Sanchez Cotan, a Carthusian lay brother, who died at Granada in 1627. According to the traditions of Granada, Brother Cotan was of English extrac- tion. His pictures are remarkably accurate as to facts, and perhaps they are not unworthy of the attention of artists. The sketch by Mignard, which forms the frontispiece, and the fresco at the Charter- house of Florence, will speak for themselves. The plan of the London Charterhouse, especially prepared for this book, is the work of Mr. R. Herbert Carpenter, of 4, Regent Street, London. Having been educated in the Charterhouse, this experienced architect takes a lively interest in the buildings. L. H. St. Hugh's Charterhouse, Ash Wednesday, i88g. THE AUTHOR'S PROTESTATION. In obedience to the decrees of Pope Urban VIII., the author of The London Charterhouse hereby declares that when, in the course of this work, any miracle, vision, or event beyond the ordinary course of nature is recorded, it rests on purely human authority ; and if he has given the title of Saint, Blessed, or the like to any one not yet canonized or declared Blessed, it is far from his intention to anticipate the judgment of the Holy Apostolic See. In these, and in all other respects, this history is humbly and devoutly submitted to the correction of the same Holy See. CONTENTS PART THE FIRST. FOUNDATION AND PROSPERITY. CHAPTER I. PAGE Charterhouse— St. Bruno—RUNO — CaRTHUSCarthusian Mon.isteries IN England, Ireland, and Scotland CHAPTER II. The Site— Sir Walter de Manny—Bishop Michael DE Northburgh—The Monastery... ... ... 15 CHAPTER III. Life in the Cloister—The Lay Brothers' Life— Objections to the Carthusian Rule ... ... 26 CHAPTER IV. Priorate of Father John Luscote—Benefactors— Robert Palmer's Vocation— Death of the First Prior ... ... ... ... ... 40 CHAPTER V. The'Cparterhouse during the Fifteenth Century 53 xil CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. PAGE The Saintly William Tynbygh—Temporal Affairs- John Batmanson —Troublesome Monks 68 CHAPTER Vn. Blessed John Houghton ... ... ... ... ... 79 CHAPTER Vni. The Community under Blessed John Houghton— Blessed William Exmew — Blessed Humphrey MlDDLEMORE BlESSED SeBASTIAN NeWDIGATE Other Exemplary Monks—Maurice Chauncy— Exceptions—Andrew Bord—The Lay Brothers —Hugh Taylor ... ... ... 94 PART THE SECOND. TRO UBLES. CHAPTER I. Signs in the Heavens—Signs in the Court—The Commissioners' Visit — Imprisonment — A Great Concession "5 CHAPTER H. SioN House—Salter's Detractions—The Catholic Faith made High Treason—The Carthusians prepare to die 127 CHAPTER in. Blessed Robert Lawrence — Blessed Augustine Webster—The Priors' Visit to Cromwell—In THE Tower—The Trial—Cranmer recommends Mercy 137 CONTENTS. Xlll CHAPTER IV. PAGE The Journey to Tyburn— The Martyr's Speech— Under the Knife—The Quartering—Chapuys WRITES TO the EmPEROR—OPINIONS ABROAD ... ISO CHAPTER V. The Vacant Priorate—-Bedyll denounces three of the Monks — Relics of the Protomartyr — Torture, Trial, and Execution of Fathers William Exmew, Humphrey Middlemore, and Sebastian Newdigate ... ... ... ... ... 165 CHAPTER VI. Seculars in charge—Seizure of Books—Preachers— A Visit from beyond the Grave—Defections— Andrew Bord and the Superior General— " Careless Men and willing to die!'—The Com- missioners' "Instructions"—New Rules ... 176 CHAPTER VII. An Unworthy Prior—Visits from Rel.\tives—Four Monks sent to other Charterhouses—Martyr- dom of Blessed John Rochester and Blessed James Walworth ... ... 209 CHAPTER VIII. Temptations at Sign House—The Oath of Supremacy —Ten Holy Martyrs—The Charity of Margaret Clement—"Despatched by the Hand of God'' —Trafford surrenders the Charterhouse ... 218 CHAPTER IX. Fathers Fox and Chauncy are sent to Sign House —Their Fall, and Return to the Charterhouse — Expulsion of the Monks 232 XIV CONTENTS. PART THE THIRD. AFTER THE DISSOLUTION. CHAPTER I. PAGE The "Better Use"—Sir Edward North—The Duke OF Northumberland — Royal Visits — Howard House ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 243 CHAPTER II. Thomas Sutton—Sutton's Will disputed—The Hos- pital IN the Charterhouse — The Bond of Union—Recent Changes at the Charterhouse— Parliament defends the Monastic Buildings ... 252 CHAPTER HI. A Pilgrimage to the Charterhouse 268 CHAPTER IV. The Return to England—At the Savoy—Sheen re- EST.iBLISHED DISAPPOINTMENT In THE FLEMISH Charterhouse—Sheen Anglorum—Jane Dormer AND Margaret Clement—Prophecies of Future Prosperity 277 CHAPTER V. The Huguenots at Sheen Anglorum—Expulsion of THE Monks — Wanderings — At Louvain Last Journey and Death of Dom Maurice Chauncy 297 CHAPTER VI. The English Carthusians from 1581 to 1777 309 CONTENTS. XV CHAPTER VII. PAGE DoM Francis (Joseph) Williams, the Last Prior—The Suppression — Bruges — Bornhem — Louvain — Little Malvern—The French Carthusians in England 334 CHAPTER VIIL The Cause of the Martyrs 349 APPENDIX. I. LiCENTIA EdUARDI HI". DE FUNDATIONE ... 357 II. Carta Walteri Domini de Manny 358 III. Bulla Urbani PapjE ... ... 360 IV. A Letter from Prior Tynbygh 363 V. Some Letters referred to on page 75 ... 363 VI. A Letter from Blessed John Houghton ... 366 VII. The Oath of 1534 368 VIII. A Letter from the Father General (muti- lated) 37° IX. Some Documents relating to the Distribution OF THE Effects of the Charterhouse ..
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