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Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, Ec1m 6Bq QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, CHARTERHOUSE SQUARE, EC1M 6BQ LONDON BOROUGH OF ISLINGTON An Archaeological Field Evaluation Report December 2016 QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, CHARTERHOUSE SQUARE, EC1M 6BQ LONDON BOROUGH OF ISLINGTON An Archaeological Evaluation Report NGR: TQ 32014 82032 (approximate site centre) Planning reference No. P2016/1850/FUL Site code: QMU16 COMPASS ARCHAEOLOGY LIMITED 250 York Road, Battersea London SW11 3SJ Tel: 020 7801 9444 e-mail: [email protected] James Aaronson December 2016 ©Compass Archaeology Ltd ii Abstract In early December 2016 Compass Archaeology conducted an archaeological evaluation on land on the site of Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ. The evaluation was carried out in advance of development of the site for a new cryostore between Dawson Hall to the north and the Joseph Rotblat Building to the south. The evaluation was commissioned by Queen Mary University of London following recommendations from Historic England. The evaluation was recommended due to the site’s location within the former footprint of the eastern range of the cloister of the Carthusian Charterhouse founded in 1371. The site held potential to expose wall footings and floor surfaces related to this institution, as the door to monastic Cell S remains in situ from when it was excavated in the late 1950s. Four trial trenches were sited to cover the footprint of the proposed development and evaluate the depth and level of survival of archaeology. In the event no archaeological features were exposed in any of the four pits. Rather, natural ground was shown to be sealed below deep deposits of made-ground dating from the 16th century up to the 19th century. The composition of the made ground appears to have derived from midden material probably imported from local sources after the dissolution of the monastery in 1537. iii Contents Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Acknowledgments 2 3 Site location and geology 2 4 Archaeological and historical background 4 5 Statement of significance 7 6 Planning and objectives 7 7 Methodology 9 8 Results 12 9 Conclusions 28 10 Sources 30 Appendix I Pottery from QMUL16 by Paul Blinkhorn 32 Appendix II Ceramic Building Material from QMU16 by Susan Pringle 34 Appendix III Glass from QMU16 by Florence Smith Nicholls 36 Appendix IV OASIS data collection form 37 Appendix V London Archaeologist Summary 40 iv Figures Front cover – Johannes Kip’s depiction of The Charter House c1720 Page Fig.1 OS site location map 1 Fig.2 Location plan of the proposed cryostore, (orange), and temporary storage facility, (blue). The existing access tunnel is in green 3 Fig.3 Extract from Morgan, 1682 5 Fig.4 Extract from the 1895 revision of the OS map 6 Fig.5 Extract from the 1952 OS 1:1250 plan 6 Fig.6 Plan showing the location of trial trenches 1-4 in relation to the proposed footprint of the new cryostore and associated drainage works 8 Fig.7 Plan showing the location of the trial trenches, in relation to the cryostore footprint, existing buildings, and the underground access tunnel 12 Fig.8 English Stoneware from (105) representing several sizes of storage jars (10cm scale) 13 Fig.9 Detail of an English Stoneware jar bearing the Doulton stamp, (10cm scale) 14 Fig.10 Trench 1 facing NW, (1m scale) 15 Fig.11 South-facing section through Trench 1, recorded at 1.35m depth 15 Fig.12 South-facing section through Trench 1, facing NW, (1m scale). Note the ‘pillar’ of concreted material due to presence of a modern drain 17 Fig.13 South-facing section through Trench 1 17 Fig.14 South-facing section in Trench 1, full depth 18 Fig.15 Trench 3, south-facing section, facing NE, (1m scale) 20 Fig.16 South-facing section through Trench 3. As exposed to 1.65m 20 Fig.17 South-facing section through Trench 3, facing NE 21 Fig.18 Two floor tiles with dark-green glaze from context (406), (10cm scale) 22 Fig.19 A mixture of pottery from deposit (404) 23 v Fig.20 A partially complete Post-medieval Fine Redware with Brown Glaze tankard from context (404) 24 Fig.21 Transfer-printed Whiteware from (403). Note the Charterhouse crest on the piece second left, (10cm scale) 24 Fig.22 North-facing section through Trench 4, facing S, (1m scale) 25 Fig.23 North-facing section through Trench 4, as exposed to 1.47m 25 Fig.24 North-facing section through Trench 4 exposing natural at base. Facing S 26 Fig.25 Trench 4 in relation to the in situ door to monastic Cell S, facing NE, (1m scale) 27 Fig.1 reproduced from the OS digital information with the permission of the Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of HMSO ©Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. (Compass Archaeology Ltd, license no. AL 100031317) Figs.2, 6 and 7 adapted from original drawings produced by TWS provided by the client vi 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 This document forms a summary of the results of an archaeological evaluation conducted by Compass Archaeology in December 2016 on land at Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square campus, EC1M 6BQ, (see figs. 1 and 2). Fig.1: OS site location map 1.2 The evaluation was commissioned by Queen Mary University of London prior to the demolition of an existing liquid nitrogen facility, (hereafter referred to as the cryostore), and its subsequent replacement, (permanent store planning application ref. P2016/1850/FUL). 1.3 The evaluation programme followed recommendations from Historic England and a WSI was written in accordance with and in order to discharge the following planning condition attached to the proposed development of the site as approved under application ref. P2016/1850/FUL: 7 CONDITION (Written Scheme of Investigation): No demolition or development shall take place until a written scheme of investigation (WSI) has been submitted to and approved by the local planning authority in writing. For land that is included within the WSI, no demolition or development shall take place other than in accordance with the agreed WSI, which shall include the statement of significance and research objectives, and A. The programme and methodology of site investigation and recording and the nomination of a competent person(s) or organisation to undertake the agreed works 1 B. The programme for post-investigation assessment and subsequent analysis, publication & dissemination and deposition of resulting material. This part of the condition shall not be discharged until these elements have been fulfilled in accordance with the programme set out in the WSI Reason: To protect the archaeological integrity of the area1 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Compass Archaeology would like to thank Queen Mary University of London for their support of the fieldwork, especially to Richard Mann for his advice regarding trench locations and on-site logistics. We would like to thank Jason Hill and the team at Borras Construction Limited for providing on-site attendances and aid during the excavation process. The author would also like to thank colleagues at Compass Archaeology for their assistance during the fieldwork and post-excavation processes. 3 SITE LOCATION AND GEOLOGY 3.1 The site lies to the north of Charterhouse Square and within the former area of the medieval Charterhouse precinct. It fronts onto the eastern side of The Green, a rectangular grassed area which was once the cloister garth of the medieval monastic community. Presently it is bounded by student accommodation; Dawson Hall, to the north and Therese House (29-30 Glasshouse Yard) to the east. The development site comprises an ‘L-shaped passageway between Dawson Hall and the Joseph Rotblat Building. The site is open to the west facing The Green and enclosed at the rear by Therese House and nos. 26-28 Glasshouse Yard. The development area extends further west than the current line of buildings, ending at the eastern side of The Green. The total area for development is approximately 30m long, (N-S), and 30m wide, (E-W), fitting in between existing buildings (see fig.2). 3.2 The British Geological Survey, (Sheet 256: North London not shown), indicates that the site overlies an extensive area of geologically recent River Terrace Deposits, (Hackney Gravel). The gravels give way in the southeast and west to pockets of Taplow gravels, Langley silts and the alluvium of the Thames flood plain. The site lies immediately north of a pocket of Langley silt. Recent soil investigation works2 indicated a substantial depth of ‘made ground’ within the vicinity of proposed trial trench 2, including large quantities of brick rubble to a depth of 3.20m below existing ground level. Below this was a ‘firm clay with inclusions of sand and gravels, over dense sand and gravel, thence stiff becoming very stiff clay’. These represent the natural river terrace gravels over the London Clay sequence described above. A trial pit against the eastern wall of the site identified the base of the stepped foundation to be at 1.23m below existing ground level. The trial pit showed 170mm of reinforced concrete over 480mm of brick and block rubble fill over 580mm of soft dark- grey-brown silty-clay. 1 Sullivan, K. (personal communication by letter. 12th July 2016) 2 MRH Geotechnical, (2016) 2 Fig.2: Location plan of the proposed cryostore, (orange), and temporary storage facility, (blue). The existing access tunnel is in green 3 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 4.1 The archaeological and historical background to the site has been thoroughly examined in a Desk Based Assessment (DBA) submitted alongside the planning application for the development site, (Compass Archaeology, 2016a), so only the most relevant points will be repeated here. 4.2 Prehistoric Previous archaeological work in the area has produced very limited evidence of prehistoric remains, consisting of two isolated finds.
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