HISTO RIC ST REETS

LILIAN AN D AS O RE RUSSAN

1 92 3 SMPK M RS M T I IN, A HALL, HA IL ON, Copyright

Firs t pu blis hed 1 9 2 3

Ld . v Hazell Watson {3} Viney, , Printed in Great Britain b , r London and Aylesbu y. LI ST OF I LLUST RATION S

FACIN G PAGE ALDERSGATE ALDGATE BISHOPSGATE BRIDEW ELL THE C HARTE RHOU SE C RIPPLE GATE DRURY LANE THEATRE DURI NG THE FI RE E Y 2 1 80 OF F BRUAR 4 , 9 OLD LONDON BRIDGE LUDGATE M OORGATE

’ C HAMBE RLAI N S GATE NEW GATE E E Y S ELE I S PS TH NUNN R OF T . H N , B HO GATE STREET L S P L ’ S O D T . AU W ESTMI NSTER ABBE Y E ILL E I V C E TO . M TH AG OF HAR NG , , FRO

’ RADULPHUS AGGAS S MAP K E , TA N I E EI EE ELIZ E N TH R GN OF QU N AB TH , 1 578 (Front end paper) PLAN OF BAN K SIDE (Backend paper)

INTRODUCTO RY

THE decision t o name this little b ook Historic Streets of London: An Alphabetical Hand book , was arrived at after considerable of c an thought . Some the streets mentionedm scarcely be called historic , while nu er ” ” ” ou s places , squares , alleys courts , ' ” ' ” and roads , districts , even boroughs have been included for reasons which will be in evident . But , after all , the streets are a maj ority , and the book is mainly concerned of with such them as have a history . Therefore , l t it e is . for lack of a better , the is as it Another considerable difficul ty h as been that of S O compression , essential in a work which ’ may be carried in the pocket or in a lady s AS t o s a handbag . this , we can only y the book might easily have been extended t o O f three times the Size , such is the wealth To material . this wealth , however , the book — is a guide as it was originally intended to be . Should the reader require more information on of any subj ect dealt with , the name the volume or c on volumes we have consulted , which may d tain it , will generally be foun immediately

I I 1 2 INTRODUCTO RY

below the reference , and in most instances the page or pages . No disturbing study of small - type marginal or f or t o footnotes is called , no turning the end o For f the volume . this boon we hope for the ’ reader s commendation . — The book is what it pretends to b e a compilation , an index , a handbook , a ready reference . For which many colonials , provin c ials not , and foreigners , to mention Londoners , may hold us in esteem . Very few liberties have b een taken with the text of the Old authors , to whose labours we are greatly indebted , but some have been essential TO to clarity . living authors from whom we ou r have drawn information , we tender best of thanks . The full titles the works , the prices

(when available) , and the names and addresses of the publishers are given on the following page .

Our special thanks are also due to Mr. O S S C . W. F . G , F for the illustrations so herein , which he has kindly lent from the famous Goss Collection .

THE EDITORS . ETC WORKS CONSULTED , PUBLISHERS , .

WE have much pleasure in acknowledging ou r great indebtedness t o the various publishers by whose kind permission we have been enabled to quote from the following works — The Fascination of L ondon (Series) Besant and

M M . . G . E . itton . ( essrs A . C Black ,

6 L . Ltd . , 4 , 5 , and , Soho Square , ondon , W )

Old and N ew L ondon and Greater London

Walter Thornbury and Edward Walford . M Co La ( essrs . Cassell . , Ltd Belle

Sauvage , London ,

A M odern History of the City of L ondon M Charles Welch . ( essrs . Blades , East L . n Blades , Ltd , Abchurch a e , London ,

Hau nted nd n— M o o . L Walter Thornbury . ( essrs — M ’ Chatto Windus , 97 99 , St . artin s

Lane , London ,

A Su rve o ondon— y f L John Stow , with Notes , ’ e t c . M A , by C . L . Kingsford , . . (Kingsford s Stow ) . (The Clarendon Press , Oxford . ) I 4 WORKS CONSULTED

i tionar — A D c o ondon . y f L Henry A . Harben

(Herbert Jenkins , Ltd . , 3 , York Street , ’ as 2 . St . James s , London , Price £

net .

London— Hene a e London and John — g Jesse ; Westminster John Timbs ; Cu riosities of ondon— L John Timbs . (Messrs . Macmillan ’ Co . , Ltd . , St . Martin s Street , London ,

N B —Th e . . three works above mentioned now c on are out of print , but may be su lt e d M at the British useum . — h irts . T e Sk o the reat it Mrs . f G C y . A . G Bell M M O L 6 C t d . ( essrs . ethuen , 3 , Essex Lo Street , ndon , ’ — L nd H . . o on Past and Present . B Wheatley oa (John Murray, s , Albemarle Street ,

W . I . London , )

London Past and Present (out Of print) and — L ondoners Th en and N ow Malcolm C . Th e Salaman . Studio , 44 , Leicester d 6 . 3 6d 1 0 3 . Square , Price 7 . . and

The Literary History of the Adelphi and its

- 1 0 N eighbou rhood Austin Brereton . ( 9 7 and

THE EDITORS . HISTO RIC STREETS O F LO N DO N

AN ALPHABETICAL HANDBOOK A

I L ABCHURCH LANE . City , 5 , ombard

Street . i t o Accord ng Stow , this street derived its M name from St . ary Upchurmch . . i ABINGDON STREET West nster , 7 , Old

Palace Yard . Some say ‘ t h e name was derived from M wh o ary Abingdon , the lady is supposed to have written the letter which led t o the o discovery f the Gunpowder Plot . At the commencement of the eighteenth

century , Abingdon Street is described as

a narrow lane , pestered with coaches which render it dirty and inconvenient ’ M emorials o West inster m . (Walcott s f , p M N o. ADA STREET . Strand , 73 . wh o Named after the brothers Adam , built

it . Becket , the bookseller , kept shop here , I S I 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

and his shop was the rendezvous of David n Garrick , who never went to taver s , seldom

- f . I . V u to co fee houses At No lived Dr . ice sims ’ K i Timb s s nox , one Of the Br tish Essayists ( ities o London u rios . C f , p

EVE 1 0 ADAM AND COURT . 4 , Oxford

Street . ’ Named from the arms of the Fruiterers

Company .

ADDISON ROAD . Kensington .

Named after Joseph Addison , who lived at Holland House after his marriage with ’ the Countess of Warwick . (Wh eatley s Lon n a and Present v ol i . do P st . , , p

ADDLE STREET . City , 43 , Wood Street .

Said to take its name from King Adle st an

the Saxon . In all ancient evidences it is

written King Adell Street . (Stow , edition 1 63 3 3

0 i i l ADELAIDE PLACE . City , 4 , K ng W l iam

Street .

ADELAIDE STREET . 449 , Strand . Both are said t o have been named from h t e Queen of William the Fourth .

ADELPHI (THE) . Strand .

Named from its architects , the four d A é In Se c . brothers Adam ( b s, brother) the

of . centre house the Terrace , NO 4 , David HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 7

’ Timb s s Cu riosities Garrick lived and died . ( nd n o o o . f L , p

n . ADELPHI VAULTS . Stra d

Named from the Adelphi . Built as foun dations t o bring the Adelphi level with the as - l Strand . Partly occupied wine cel ars and ’ Ti b s s Cu riosities o ondon . m coal wharfs ( f L ,

p .

t o ADELPHI HOTEL (THE) . I 4 , OS John Street , Adelphi (formerly ’

born s) .

Crabbe , the poet , and his wife stayed here 1 1 in 9 3 . Rowlandson , the famous carica of of turist , died here . The father the Earl ’ B e ac onsfield D Israe li of Cu ri , Isaac , author osities o iteratu re f L , stayed here after his wedding tour in 1 80 2 (History of the Adelphi and its N ei hbou rhood g , by Austin Brereton , ’ ic i P kw ck. p . Osborn s is mentioned in

S 1 8 AI R TREET . , Piccadilly . of n Origin the name unknow , but as it appears the street was originally called Ayre

Street , it was probably named after some e p rson . l ALBANY (THE) . Piccadil y . This most comfortable and well - regulated s e t now of chambers , known as The Albany , stands partly on the Site of t w o houses and long gardens which originally reached as far V a as as igo L ne . The first w inhabited in 1 1 Clar es one 7 5 by Sir John g , and the toward 2 1 8 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

the east by Lady Stanhope Th ey were taken

down , and another mansion erected , which , ’ 1 2 in 7 5 , according to the plans in St . George s V - estry room , was inhabited by the Earl

of Sunderland . The first Lord Melbourne ,

father of the Whig Premier , expended vast sums upon this spot ; his lordship had the of ceiling the ballroom painted by Cipriani , and those of the other best rooms by Wheat of ley and Rebecca . The Duke York , who had much improved Lord Amherst ’ s house at

Whitehall , exchanged houses with Lord Melbourne it then received the appellation of York House , and when his Royal Himghness left it , the house was divided into cha bers , n the garden built upo , and , in compliment to of its last Royal owner, it received the name

his Scottish dukedom of Albany . Among famous people who have lived in L the Albany are ord Byron , George Canning ,

Lord Clyde (Sir Colin Campbell) , Lord L ul L M Lytton , ord Maca ay, ord elbourne , ’ L Streets o ondon ord Glenelg , etc . (Smith s f L ,

p .

’ ALBANY STREET . Regent s Park . Probably named after the Scottish duke of dom Albany . l 62 A . ALBEMARLE STREET . , Piccadi ly

of Named from Christopher , second Duke

Albemarle . Here lived , at one time , Charles 1 8 James Fox . In this street also , in 7 5 , died ALD E RSGATE

2 o HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

t he north side was pulled down , and with it N o 1 . 1 8 1 6 3 , where Beau Brummell lived in , and 1 8 1 Sir Thomas Rivers Wilson in 4 .

air . M a . . ( yf , by G E Mitton , p

Le ade nh all ALDGATE . City . Street . Derives its nam—e from one of the principal gates of the City styled in the reign of King Eald at e or Old at e— Edgar , g , g under which passed one of the Roman roads leading into o London . Among the records of the City f is 1 London a lease granting , in 3 74 , the whole of the dwelling - house above the gate of f Aldgate to Geo frey Chaucer, the poet , author of anter u r Tales old C b y . Close to the pump Le adenh all at Aldgate , at the j unction of

Street and Fenchurch Street , lived the inde

fatigable antiquary John Stow, whose name no historian can inscribe without feelings of ’ London reverence and gratitude . (Jesse s , 2 vol . ii , pp . 3 3 6 Row AMEN CORNER . City, 3 , Paternoster .

Derives its name from its contiguity to the ’ ’ l of ul ondon o d . . Cathedral St Pa s (Jesse s L ,

vol . iii , p . The The Rev . R . H . Barham , author of ’ d 1 8 I n oldsb e en s . g y L g , died here in 45 (Welch s

M odernHistor o the Cit o ondon . y f y f L , p

1 8 . AMPTHILL SQUARE . 3 , Hampstead Road

o Said t be named after Ampthill Park , a

Bedfordshire seat of the Dukes of Bedf ord . AL ATE DG .

HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 2 1 D APPLETREE YAR . Westminster , St . ’ James s Square . ’

Formerly part of St . James s Fields , which

were famous for apple orchards . ’ St S To the Park [ . James ] and there walk ’ or an hour two and in the King s garden , and saw the Queen and ladies walk ; and ’ I did steal some apples off the trees (Pe pys s Diar 0 y , August 3 ,

ARGYLL STREET . Regent Street . t Here lived George , Lord Ly telton , author Histor o Henr th e econd of the y f y S . In 1 82 4

James Northcote , the painter , was living ’ o on . nd . . here Jesse s L , vol i , p

. 6 ARLINGTON ROAD Camden Town , 3 ,

Mornington Crescent . In this road is said to have died Charles

Dib din m - , composer of many fa ous sea songs .

1 ARLINGTON STREET . 57 , Piccadilly .

Derives its name from Henry Bennett of Earl of Arlington , a member the Cabal ’

of . ondon in the reign Charles I I (Jesse s L ,

vol . i , p . In 1 70 8 this street was inhabited by the

Duke of Richmond , Lord Guildford , Lord

Kingston , Lord Brooke , and Lord Chol mondele 1 f or y in 749 by John Pitt , member

Wareham , and Charles Horatio Walpole , f or member Callington . Horace Walpole of in dated many his letters from this street , 2 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ which he resided for several years . (Smith s Streets o ondon f L , p .

A 1 8 RUNDEL STREET . 7 , Strand . Said to have derived its name from the E of arls Arundel . Formerly many famous a ctors and actresses lived here .

A 1 2 RUNDELL STREET . , Coventry Street .

of Also named from the Earls Arundel .

l ASHBURNHAM ROAD . Che sea .

Named after Ashburnham House , which 1 l was built in 747 by Dr . Benj amin Hoad ey, s on of t of the Bishop that name , and au hor of The Su s iciou s Hu sband helsea p . ( C , by

G . E . Mitton , ed . Besant , p .

AUD LEY SQUARE . South Audley Street .

1 80 —1 2 Spencer Perceval , Prime Minister 9 , was 1 62 born here in 7 . He was assassinated of in the lobby the House of Commons , by a pistol being discharged at him by a Russian on Ma merchant named John Bellingham , y ’ 1 1 1 8 1 2 Th ornb u r s Old and N ew ondon , . ( y L , v ol . iii , p .

0 AUSTIN FRIARS . City, 7 , Old Broad

Street . M Here formerly stood a Priory of endicant , 1 2 or Begging , Friars , founded in 53 by

Humphrey de Bohun , Earl of Hereford and t o Essex , and dedicated St . Augustine HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 2 3

i of . (whence Aust n) , Bishop Hippo , in Africa ’ l n o . ondo v . (Jesse s L , ii , p l 1 6 . AVE MARIA LANE . City , , Ludgate Hil

Row Noted , like Paternoster , for its book

sellers , and, like it , derives its name from its ’ ’

contiguity to St . Paul s Cathedral . (Jesse s i i i . ondon . L , vol , p

AYLESBURY STREET . Finsbury . Covers the Site of the mansion and gardens o of f Aylesbury House , which in the days Charles I I was the town residence of the ’ ndon of . o Bruces , Earls Aylesbury (Jesse s L ,

vol . iii , p . B

BANKSIDE . Southwark . ’ B u rb a e s l Richard g Globe Theatre , bui t 1 about 593 , stood here , and here Shakespeare played under a licence granted by James I

1 60 . r in 3 The building , a wooden structu e , 1 6 1 was burned down in June 3 , Ben Jonson

. 1 1 being an eyewitness It was rebuilt in 6 4 . The Site is now included in the premises of ’ Pe rkins s Barclay Brewery . On the same

Site stood the Rose Theatre , built long before , on and probably the first theatre Bankside .

Yet another theatre , the Hope , also stood

w as i - here , and ut lised both as a bear garden

and playhouse .

On Bankside Sir William Walworth , the M wh o valiant Lord ayor slew Wat Tyler ,

- owned several stew houses , as they were 2 4 HISTORI C STREETS O F LONDON

l cal ed , meaning bagnios or baths . Each had own its particular name as The Cranes , al ’ The Cardin s Hat , The Cross Keys , ”

The Swan , etc . , from which Bankside in

1 00 - or about 5 bore the name of Stews bank . Here Oliver Goldsmith practised medicine

and , it is reported , nearly starved .

BARBICAN . City , 77 , Aldersgate Street .

barbican Named from its proximity to a ,

or - watch tower , attached to the City walls . ’

Milton lived here , also the poet s early ’ Ti b s s . m patrons , the Bridgewater family ( Cu riosities o ondon f L , p .

’ 2 2 BARNARD S INN . , Holborn . ’ Mac kw ort h s b e Anciently , from having M longed to Dr . John ackworth , Dean of Lin tem VI coln , p . Henry , was next occupied by

one Barnard , when it was converted into an

Inn of Chancery . Peter Woulfe , the eminent of chemist , a Fellow the Royal Society , died ’ iosities o ondon Ti b s Cu r . . m s here ( f L , p M BARROW HILL ROAD , arylebone .

Said to mark the Site of a battle between

the Britons and Romans , the slain having or been buried there , , just as likely, an ancient

British tumulus .

BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE . City, Little

Britain . In his early theatrical days Ben Jonson M lived here , and here ilton lay in hiding after

2 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ Timb s s Bolingbroke Terrace . ( London and estminster v ol W . . 1 6 , ii , pp 9 ’

Others give the derivation as Patric s Eye , or Isle .

BATTLE BRIDGE LANE . Bermondsey .

Marks the place where the Romans defeated

the Iceni , under Queen Boadicea , in the year D 1 A . 6 .

BAYHAM STREET . Camden Town . B a h am Named from y Abbey, a family seat of of Ch arle the Marquis Camden . As a boy s

Dickens lived here , at a time when his father ,

as usual , was in very great financial straits .

1 6 BEAK STREET . 5 , Regent Street . A Short thoroughfare from Regent Street

to Silver Street , etc . The Site of these crowded neighbourhoods was once called

Pesthouse Fields . In these fields stood a lazaretto used during the dreadful plague of ’ 1 66 ondonStreet iews V . the year 5 . (Tallis s L ) R BEDFO D ROW . Holborn . of Named from the Dukes Bedford . A

quiet , broad thoroughfare lined by eighteenth

century houses . Largely occupied by lawyers .

Nearly every house is cut up into chambers . of Elizabeth , daughter Oliver Cromwell , is Holborn said to have lived here . ( , Besant

M . and G . E . itton , p 1 0 Bishop Warburton resided here in 75 , 0 1 and here , at N . 4 , lived the eminent surgeon , HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 2 7

’ ondon v ol John Abernethy . (Jesse s L , . iii ,

p .

BEDFORD SQUARE . Bloomsbury . L 1 8 1 ord Chancellor Eldon lived here in 5 ,

6 . at No . During the Corn Law Riots this ou t house was sacked by the mob . Troops ’ side occupied the square . (Cunningham s nd n Handbooko Lo o . f , p

2 BEDFORD STREET . 4 3 , Strand . r Derived its name from John Russell , fi st ’ of nd n o o . Earl Bedford . (Jesse s L , vol i ,

p . 3 3 3 )

1 BEECH STREET . City, 3 , Barbican . Was probably named from Nicholas de la of of Beech , Lieutenant the Tower London ’ Ti b s s u riosities o tem . m C ( p . Edward III) ( f ndon o . L , p

BELGRAVIA .

This name , apparently derived from the V n of iscou ts Belgrave , a title the Grosvenor 1 82 family, only dates from 5 . Before that , the district was a marshy tract bounded by mud - banks and partly occupied by market ’ Ti b s s Cu riosities o ondon . m gardens ( f L , p

BELGRAVE SQUARE . Westminster . In 1 8 2 4 the Site of this and Eaton Square ' and the radiating streets was the Five

- oc c u Fields , intersected by mud banks and a pied by few Sheds . The clayey swamp 2 8 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

retained s o much water that no one would build there and the Fields were the terror of foot - passengers proceeding from London l . Mr to Chelsea after nightfal At length . Thomas Cubitt found the strata to c on of sist gravel and clay, of considerable depth the clay he removed and burned into bricks and by building on the substratum

of gravel , he converted this spot from the one of most unhealthy to the most healthy, t o the immense advantage of the ground dl T ’ lan ord and the whole metropolis . ( imb S S Cu riosities o ondon f L , p .

2 8 BELVEDERE ROAD . Lambeth . 5 , West

minster Bridge Road . ’ Was anciently called Pedlar s Acre . (Tal ’ ond n tr et ie s lis s L o S e V w . )

’ BENNETT STREET . St . James s . of Named from Henry Bennett , Earl

Arlington , who owned the property on which

it was built .

At No 4 , in this street Lord Byron wrote The Bride of Abydos and The Cor ’ nd n o o . . sair . (Jesse s L , vol i , p M BENTINCK STREET . anchester Square .

Derives its name from William Bentinck ,

second Duke of Portland . At No . 7 , Gibbon ,

the historian , wrote a considerable portion of Th e Decline and Fall o the his great work , f ’

Ro an ire ondon . m Em . p (Jesse s L , vol i , W 43 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 2 9

’ Many of Dickens s earlier Sketches were

written in this street . l BERKELEY SQUARE . Piccadil y . 1 1 Here , at No . , Horace Walpole resided N o 1 . until his death in 797 . Here also , at 45 ,

- the heaven born general , Lord Clive , put ’ ondon an end to his existence . (Jesse s L ,

vol . i , p . 2 0 Colley Cibber lived at No . , when Poet

Laureate , and here he died . Other famous N residents were Lord Brougham ( o. M of a a first arquis L nsdowne , at L nsdowne M M Smirke House , Lady ary Wortley ontagu , L S ra hna rn No t t i e . (No . ord ( l 6 l . BERKELEY STREET . 7 , Piccadi y L of Named after ord Berkeley Stratton .

Here , at No . 9 , lived at one time the great ’ n don . . Lo . poet Pope (Jesse s , vol i , p

BERMONDSEY . A large parish in Surrey adj oining the borough of Southwark ; and named B eor ’ mu nd s E e or y , island , from its having been or the property of some Saxon Danish thane , and the land being insul ated by water 1 0 82 courses connected with the Thames . In a wealthy citizen built here a convent , wherein 1 0 8 some Cluniac monks settled in 9 , to whom William Rufus gave the manOr of B e rmond ’ se Ti . mb s s Cu riosities o ondon y ( f L , p . BERMCNDSEY é SQUARE . I O , Abbey Street . Occupies the site of the great courtyard of 3 0 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ the famous Bermondsey Abbey . (Jesse s ondon L , vol . iii , p .

. 1 1 BERNERS STREET 4 , Oxford Street .

So called after the family title of it s ground

landlord , Baron Berners , was built about

the middle of the eighteenth century, and has always been celebrated as the home and of haunt artists , painters , and sculptors . In this street Sir Will iam Chambers dwelt in 1 773 Fuseli in 1 804 ; and Opie from 1 792 ’ t o 1 80 8 Th ornb u r Old and e nd . s N w o on ( y L ,

vol . iv, p .

BETHNAL GREEN .

Anciently a ret ired hamlet , comprising , in

’ ‘ Queen Elizabeth s days , a few scattered ’ - ondon cottages and farm houses . (Jesse s L ,

vol . ii , p .

2 1 BETTERTON STREET . , Drury Lane .

Named from Betterton the actor . Formerly called Brownlow Street from Sir John nl Brow ow, of Belton , who had a house here ’ II S Holborn in Charles time . ( , Besant and

Mitton , p .

Axe BEVIS MARKS . City , St . Mary . ’ M Formerly Bury s arks . Here stood the city mansion and gardens of the Abbots of ’ of M Bury . The corruption Bury s arks to M Bevis arks is undoubted , though not one r obvious . Stow describes it as g eat

house , large of rooms , fair courts , and garden HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 3 1

plots , some t ime pertaining to the Bassets , o and afterwards to the Abbots f Bury . ’ n Th ornb u r s Old and N ew o don . ( y L , vol ii , p 1 65 ) Immortalised by Dickens in The Old Cu ri ho osity S p . Sally Brass and her brother

Sampson lived i n Bevis Marks . Here is the Spanish and Portuguese Syna

gogue which the Disraelis used t o attend .

B ILLINGSGATE . City . Said t o take its name from having been the of of gate Belin , a King the Britons , about 00 B C no 4 . . But this rests upon better of authority than Geoffrey Monmouth , and is

doubted by Stow, who suggests that the gate

was called from some owner named Beling , ’ l Timb s u riosities nd n or . s o o o Bil ing ( C f L , p

BI LLITER STREET . City . t o B elze t t ar Name said be corrupted from , ’ of St r s ow ner or builder the houses . ( ype t S ow . . , Bk ii , p

B IRCHIN . LANE City, 3 5 , Cornhill . Said t o have been formerly called Birchen ’ e r S Lane .

’

BI RDCAGE WALK . St . James s Park .

Named from the Aviary established there

in the reign of James I , and the Decoy made ’ T b s there in the reign of Charles I I . ( im s Cu riosities o ondon f L , p . 3 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

BISHOPSGATE . City . So Erke nwald called from , a Bishop of

London in the seventh century . Shakespe are one lived here at time .

BLACKFRIARS . Southwark . Named from an ancient monastery of Do ml c an adv an Black or m Friars . Taking of tage the sanctuary privilege , Richard

Burbage , the actor , and his fellows , when

- ej ected from the City, built a play house in

the Blackfriars precinct , and here maintained their ground against the powerful Opposition of the City and the Puritans . Shakespeare

had a share in this theatre . Three eminent painters have resided in : Blackfriars Isaac Oliver , the celebrated

- miniature painter ; Cornelius Jansen , the

- portrait painter , employed by King James I ,

and who painted Milton at ten years old . And here Vandyck was lodged amongst the ’ 1 6 1 King s artists in 3 , when he arrived a ’ Timb s s Cu riosities second time in London . ( o ondon f L , p .

BLACKWALL . Poplar . Ble akw all Said to have been originally , from its exposed Situation on the artificial ’ wall of Timb s s Cu ri bank or the river . ( it s nd n os ie o Lo o . f , p

BLEEDING HEART YARD . Hatton Garden .

Named from an old Sign of the Pierced o Heart f the Virgin . This yard is referred

HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 3 3

ttle orrit Holborn t o in i D . by Dickens L ( ,

M . Besant and G . E . itton , p

B LOOMSBURY SQUARE . Holborn .

Originally called Southampton Square , it derives its present name from the manor and of Lome sb u r village y, or Bloomsbury, now occupied by the square and its surrou nding Lomesb u r ou r streets . At y early monarchs had a large establishment for their horses ’ nd n Lo o . . and hawks . (Jesse s , vol iii , p No 6 Many famous men have lived here . . b ears a tablet with the following inscription

Isaac Disraeli , Author , lived here . Born 6 1 8 6 u riosities 1 6 . o 7 . Died 4 He wrote C f iteratu re e t c n L , . , while livi g here . A tablet on No 1 . : Ellenborough House , 4 , reads

Here lived Edward Law, first Baron Ellen u borough , Lord Chief J stice . Also Edward a of Law, first E rl Ellenborough , Governor of of General India . The Earls Chesterfield

lived at No . 45 , also marked by a tablet . Steele resided in this square for three years Ake nside , about ten years Richard Baxter

Sir Hans Sloane Sir Charles Sedley, etc .

R 62 BLOOMSBURY ST EET . , New Oxford 2 Street . (W . C . .

Formerly Charlotte Street . Theodore Hook ’ 111 on was born a house the east Side . (Jesse s ondon 1 L , vol . iii, p . 3 3 .

BLUE BOAR COURT . City, Friday Street .

Said to be named after an ancient hostelry . 3 4 HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON In an old house in this court lived Richard

Cobden .

BOLSOVER STREET . Marylebone .

Formerly called Norton Street . Here lived

Richard Wilson , the landscape painter, and ’ a ilkie ondon D v id W . Sir (Jesse s L , vol . i , I p . 3 3

1 1 BOLT COURT . 5 , Fleet Street . 8 Here , at No . , Dr . Johnson lived from 1 8 No 1 6 . . 77 until his death in 7 4 At 4 ,

1 6 . Ferguson , the astronomer , died in 77 ’ u riosities o ondon C . (Timbs S f L , p

8 1 BOLTON STREET . , Piccadilly . 1 6 Built in 99 , this street was then the of western limit London . Here lived the of celebrated Charles Mordaunt , Earl Peter 1 1 0—2 borough , 7 4 George Grenville ’ d Arb la 1 8 1 8 Madame y, ; Lord Melbourne ; n Ho . . Mrs Norton , The Young Pre tender is said to have lodged here secretly a a r . M i M when in London ( yf , G . E . itton , ‘ p 43 )

BOROUGH HIGH STREET . Southwark .

1 . (S E . ’ Near the end of this road stood the Queen s

Bench Prison , a place of great antiquity,

where Henry, Prince of Wales , the future of t h e victor Agincourt , was committed by

ll . Lord Chief Justice , Sir Wi iam Gascoyne , not h im for insulting , if striking , on the ’ d n on o . . Bench . (Jesse s L , vol iii , p HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 3 5

’ Only t h e King s Head and the George now remain of the many famous old hostel ries in the Borough High Street . There is a ” - modern tavern styled the Blue eyed Maid .

Like the White Hart , the original Blue M eyed aid figures in the pages of Dickens . Clennam Mr . Arthur passed a dismal Sunday evening after his j ourney from Marseilles t o ’ Dover and thence by Th e . Blue Ey d ittle Dorrit Maid Coach (L ) . The f amous old Tabard is now a tavern old restaurant . From the inn Canter bury Pilgrims departed on their j ourney t w o hundred years or so be fore Chaucer wrote . 1 6 6 a In 7 a fire swept away the Tab rd , ” n ’ the George , the Ki g s Head , the n’ Quee s Head , the White Hart , and h e other ancient inns in this street . T y were of all rebuilt , but through ignorance —the meaning of the Sign of the Tabard the Sleeveless coat worn by the heralds—the ’ name of Chaucer s inn was changed t o the al ‘ IS T bot . This the origin of the Talbot yard adj oining . It was in the vestry of the Church Of

St . George the Martyr that Little Dorrit is supposed t o have Slept on the night of her party, and was married here later . ' of w The White Hart , Pick ickian me ' G mo—ry, also no longer exists . The eorge is to day the sole s urvivor of the old galleried

Inns . 3 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

B OSS STREET . Tooley Street . boss or So called from a , conduit , erected hereabouts by the executors of Sir Richard

Whittington .

BOTOLPH ALLEY AND BOTOLPH LANE .

City . Believed to have been named from the of t o Church St . Botolph , which , according of Stow, had existed ever since the t ime

Edward the Confessor . After its destruction l by fire , Sir Josiah Chi d rented the ground 1 6 where the Chancel stood . In 93 he formed ’ ou t of it the passage to Botolph s Wharf . ’ t ets o ondon Sre . (Smith s f L , p

B OW STREET . Covent Garden . Said to be so called on account of its bent fir ou t shape when it was st laid . Once one of the most fashionable parts of L of ondon , the headquarters the poets in of the days Dryden , and of the Metropolitan i ou r own Pol ce in . Sir Godfrey Kneller

resided In this street . He and Radcliffe , the

- physician , were next door neighbours . Jacob

Tonson , the bookseller , had a house here in which he drove some of his h ardest bargains ’ i ll - w th Dryden . Wi s Coffee house , the pre decessor of Button ’ s and even more celebrated e in its time than that , stood h re . The room in which Dryden was accustomed t o Sit was on the first floor ; and his place was the of —b place honour y the fireside in winter, HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 3 7

and at the corner of the balcony overlooking

the street in fine weather . At this time there was no theatre in Bow one i Street , though had been in ex stence in ’ Drury Lane for about a century . (Smith s nd n 1 62 Streets o Lo o . f , pp

2 Row BOYLE STREET . 3 , Savile . Name derived from the family of the of Boyles , Earls Burlington and Cork . ’ ondon (Jesse s L , vol . i , p . 6 B READ STREET . City, 4 , Cheapside .

l of i So ca led , bread In old t me there in sold . For it appeareth by Records that 1 02 w as ot h of E the year 3 , which the 3 dward of L t o I , the bakers ondon were bounden no sell bread in their shops or houses , but ” ’ Sr s tow t e S . in the market . ( yp , Bk iii , p 1 98 ) A S i de - entry or alley led from thi s street t o the famous Mermaid Tavern frequented '

by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , Sir Walter

Raleigh , and their contemporaries .

What things ha v e w e s ee n Don e at t h e Mermaid ' ( Be aumont ) Street was the birthplace of John .Bread i M lton . The house where the great poet w as

born , and where his father carried on t h e of was profession a scrivener, burnt down of 1 666 In in the Great Fire . Bread Street t oWn formerly stood Buckingham House , the 3 8 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

of f residence the noble family of Sta ford , of of i Earls Wiltshire and Dukes Buck ngham . Here also was a compter for the imprisonment ’ o Streets o f disorderly persons . (Smith s f nd n o o . L , p n BRICK COURT . In er Temple . 2 on At No . , in rooms the second floor ,

Oliver Goldsmith had apartments , and here 1 he died in 774 . In the rooms beneath him ’ Lon lived Sir William Blackstone . (Jesse s d n o . , vol . iii, p

a

BRIDEWELL . City . Name derived from a famous well which St ’ flowed in the vicinity of - . Bride s Church . The ancient Palace of Bridewell extended nearly from Fleet Street to the Thames at

Blackfriars . The palace was much neglected of old of until , upon the site the Tower Mou nt ifi u it q , Henry VIII built a stately u l v m and beautif l house thereupon , g g it to

name Bridewell , of the parish and well there

(Stow) . Subsequently the King , taking a

dislike to the palace , let it fall to decay .

The wide , large , empty house was next presented to the City of London by King VI l Edward , after a sermon by Bishop Rid ey, who begged it of the King as a workhouse f or the poor and a house of correction the gift was made for sturdy rogues and as the fittest hospital for those cripples whose

legs are lame through their own laziness . T n of his bei g the first prison its kind , all

HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 3 9

of other houses correction , upon the same l plan , were cal ed Bridewells . The prison of ’ 1 86 Timb s s Bridewell was taken down in 3 . ( riosities o ondon 2 Cu L . 6 f , pp

BROAD STREET . Bloomsbury . One of the most ancient streets in the

parish of St . Giles , where a few houses stood on the north Side when the rest of the district

was Open ground . It was the main route e w westward for many centuries , until N Holborn Oxford Street was made . ( , Besant

and G . E . Mitton , p .

BROADWAY . Westminster . Granted as a hay - market by James I and one of Charles I I . In the Broadway courts

lodged Dick Turpin , the highwayman , and h is from mare , Black Bess a tavern took its ’ Timb s Cu riositi es o d n s on o . name . ( f L , p

BROMPTON .

Brompton signifies Broom Town , carrying

suggestions of a wide and heathy common . Brompton Square can boast of some dis ' in u i h d t s e . 2 2 e g residents At No . G orge

Colman , j unior , the dramatist , lived until his 1 8 death in 3 6 . The same house was in 1 860 Pu nch taken by Shirley Brooks , editor of . 0 At No . 4 lived John Liston , comedian and

. K en Frederick Yates , the actor, at No 57 . ( s in ton g , G . E . Mitton , p . Long frequented by invalids for its genial

air , and once famous for its taverns . Here 40 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

Jenny Lind resided during the zenith of her ’ Timb s s u riosities o ondon fame . ( C f L , p .

BROOK GREEN . Hammersmith . Which is favoured by the residence of i in 1 800 l noted art sts , was , and sti l later,

almost a waste space , with , I think , but an

old - - C manor house , Catholic champel and harity school , and some ancient al shouses ; but n for three days every May, duri g Brook n Gree Fair, it presented, a very lively and ’ j olly scene (Salamans Londoners Then and N ow , p . R B OOK STREET . Hanover Square . So called from a considerable stream which

formerly flowed here . No . 57 , four doors

from Bond Street , was the residence of the ’ ondon great musician Handel . (Jesse s L , i vol . , p .

BROOKE STREET . Holborn . Named after Lord Brooke ; the friend of

n . Sir Philip Sid ey, whose residence was here

At No . 3 9 in this street the poet Chatter

ton died . He was buried in the graveyard ’ o Ti b s s Cu ri f Shoe Lane Workhouse . ( m n osities o o don . f L , p

L . OW . BROWN STREET 49 , High Holborn

Derives its name from its having been built upon the site of a house belonging t o ’ ondon Sir William Brownlow . (Tallis s L Street iews V . ) HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 4 1

R 1 2 . B RUTON ST EET . 5 , New Bond Street 1 (W . . ) Deriv es it s name from Bruton in Somerset i of n sh re , formerly the seat Lord Joh Berke for ley of Stratton . Here many years lived h ou se is Richard Brinsley Sheridan , whose said t o have been so often beset by bailiffs as t o render it necessary t o provis i on it by lowering supplies over the rail ings into the ’ d v ol on on . area . (Jesse s L , . i , p

BRYANSTON SQUARE . Br anst one So called from y in Dorsetshire ,

L - the seat of ord Portman , the ground land ’ Th ornb u r s Old and N ew ondon lord . ( y L , v ol . iv, p .

B UCKINGHAM STREET . 3 7 , Strand .

of in So called from the Duke Buck gham ,

who lived here at York House . York Stairs , or e Water Gate , at the bottom of this str et , will give some idea of the beauty of the n of buildi g , which this is now the sole remnant . h as l This gate been universal y admired, and pronounced t o be the most perfect piece of building that does honour to the name of ’ Streets o ondon Inigo Jones . (Smith s f L ,

p . 1 8 Samuel Pepys lived here in 6 4 . In a

house Opposite , Peter the Great resided when

in England . Here , after rowing about the

- n Thames , watching the boat buildi g , this 4 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

brave half - savage used t o return and spend

his rough evenings with Lord Caermarthen , n n of drinki g a pi t hot brandy and pepper , dl Caermar after en ess flasks of wine . Lord then w as at this time Lord President of the l ’ Counci , and had been appointed Peter s ’ Thornb u r s Cicerone by King William . ( y Hau nted ondon L , p . 1 A tablet marks the house No . 5 , where

Dickens had rooms at the top of the house . Later William Black lived in the same

rooms .

Lord Bacon was born at York House . 1 Fielding lived in this street in 73 5 , and Coleridge completed his translation of Wallen stein - here . Other noted residents are Dr . l St ansfie ld ll Wol aston , , Clarkson , Wi iam Etty ,

etc .

B K LERSB RY 0 UC U 8 . . City, , Cheapside

So named from a manor ‘ and tenements

pertaining to one Buckle , who dwelt there , ’ Stow and kept his courts . (Kingsford s , v ol . i , p . Was a noted place for grocers and apot h e ’ ru Timb S S d st ers . caries , g and farriers ( ri sities o ndon Cu o o . f L , p

BUDGE ROW . City, Watling Street . B ro 1 6 Was spelt e ge w in 3 7 . So called of Budge fur (lambs ’ skins) and the ” ’ K Stow Skinners dwelling there . ( ingsford s ,

vol . i, p . HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 43

M . BUISTRODE STREET . anchester Square

Name derived from the family seat of the ’ nd n ol of . o o v . Dukes Portland (Jesse s L , i , p ' L LL FIE DS . BUNHI . Finsbury Bonhill was erected in the reign of Queen l on of E izabeth , a deposit made more than cartloads of bones removed from the ’ ” l is of old . u charnel St Pa s , which , it believed , i t o of Bone h ill or B u nh ill gave r se the name , ’ T mb s s Cu riosities o ondon i . Fields . ( f L , p Amongst eminent persons wh o lie buried : a here are John Buny n Dr . Watts i Daniel Defoe and his second wife Goodw n , ’ Oliver Cromwell s physician ; Oliver Crom ’ son- ih - well s law , Lord Deputy Fleetwood , who married Ireton ’ s widow Susannah

Wesley , mother of John and Charles Wesley

Blake , the painter and poet Thomas Stot of Canterbu r Pil rima e hard , author the y g g

Thomas Hardy , who , in company with John

Horne Tooke , was tried for treason . Milton lived in B u nh ill Row when in reduced

circumstances .

BURLI NGTON GARDENS . Old Bond Street .

Named from the Earls of Burlington and ’ nd n . o o v ol Cork (Jesse s L , . i , p .

BURNABY STREET . Chelsea . Named after a brother of Admiral Sir i wh o f or W lliam Burnaby , lived some time 44 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

i h l a . e se . . i in the ne ghbourhood (C , G E M tton

ed . Besant , p .

’ BURY STREET . St . James s .

Properly Berry Street . Named from the

- dl one - ay offi ground lan ord , Berry , a half p m n te . . i 1 cer p Charles I He died 73 3 , aged

1 0 0 . about years Swift , Steele , Crabbe , and Thomas Moore occasionally lodged in Bury

- . i f or first floor Street Sw ft paid a , a dining

- i l room and bed chamber , e ght shi lings a ’ u T b u week . Plag ey dear ' ( ims s C ri i i ondon os t es o . f L , p

C

. 1 62 . CADOGAN PLACE , Sloane Street

So called after Charles Cadogan , second of M s r . Baron Cadogan Oakley . Jordan , the

No. actress , lived at No . 3 (now Lord M l acaulay was another resident , and Wil iam 1 8 Wilberforce died at No . 44 in 3 3 . (Wheat ’ n a nd n ondo P st a Prese t . . ley s L , vol i , p

CADOGAN SQUARE . Chelsea .

Named from the Earls of Cadogan . This on of square is very modern , and stands part ’ - Ch elsea of . the site Princes Cricket ground ( ,

M . G . E . itton , ed . Besant , p

CADOGAN STREET . Chelsea . M ’ This street contains St . ary s Roman Tw o oil- on Catholic Church . paintings the pillars at the entrance t o the church are by

46 HISTORIC STREETS OF - LONDON Row CANNON . Westminster .

According to Stow , it derives its name ’

. wh o from the Canons of St Stephen s Chapel , were anciently lodged here ; while others i seem incl ned to trace it to a branch , or

channel , of the Thames , which in former times ran between the north end of the Row ’ ondon and Privy Gardens . (Jesse s L , vol . i ,

p .

CANNON STREET . City . of or l A corruption Canwick , Cand ewick

Street , which took its name from being the

f - b o . a ode candle makers In this street also , many weavers of woollen cloth were settled

in business , having been brought from t Flanders by Edward III , and heir meetings L were held in the churchyard of St . awrence Poultney ’ w all of Here , attached to the St . Swithin s

Church , is the famous London Stone . ’ Streets o ondon (Smith s f L , p .

CANONB URY .

’ Named from Canons - bury (bu ry being bu r h synonymous with g , a dwelling) , the country house of the Prior and the Canons of

St . Bartholomew . Canonb ur y Tower , now a ruin , is believed t o have been built by Sir John Spencer of w as Crosby Place . For many years it used

- a as a lodging house . Amongst its ten nts w as C clo wdia Ephraim Chambers , whose y p originated all the modern cyclopaedias ' in HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 47

English and other European languages . Canonb u r 1 0 Chambers died at y In 74 , and was

buried m Westminster Abbey . l Here lodged Newbery , the booksel er , in whose rooms Goldsmith often lay concealed Vicar o from his creditors . Here the f

Wakefield was written .

CARBURTON STREET . Great Portland

Street . Named after a vill age in Northampton

shire . L ’ CAREY STREET . incoln s Inn . a tem N med after Nicholas Carey ( p . Charles

I) . Blackstone was living in this street when Co mentari s m e . he wrote his Lord Eldon , Mr u a when . John Scott and a yo ng m rried t i al man , also lived in h s street . Here so is ’ ’ a ondon King s College Hospit l . (Wheatley s L a t and resent ol P s P v . , . i , p al Here so are Bankruptcy Buildings .

L e CARLISLE STREET . amb th . of Named from a Bishop Carlisle .

1 CARLISLE STREET . , Soho Square . w as tem Here built , p . James I I , Carlisle

House , formerly the mansion of the Dowager ’ ‘ Ti b s s Cu iositi s o nd n . m r e o o Lady Carlisle ( f L , P 446 )

CARLOS PLACE . Grosvenor Square . (W. Fornierl 1 8 2 y Charles Street , renamed in 9 . ll Wh Wi iam itehead , the Poet Laureate , died ’ ondon here in (Jesse s L , vol . i , p . 48 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

’

. CARLTON GARDENS St . James s Park . in ra See f .

’ CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE . St . James s

Park . on Stands the site of a royal residence , w as 1 0 Carlton House , which built in 7 9 , and 1 2 t o of sold in 73 Frederick , Prince Wales , f father o George III . From this time it w as al ’ ’ occasion ly that Prince s residence . (Jesse s ondon L , vol . i , p .

CASTLE STREET . Oxford Street . 6 Here , at No . , Dr . Johnson lived in the f h o is . days distress Barry , the painter , ’ 6 ondon . L lived at No . 3 (Jesse s , vol . i , p . 6 CATHERINE STREET . 3 4 , Strand . of Name derived from Catherine , consort

Charles I I . Here lived John Denley , a

bookseller , who amassed a notable collection of of and the works alchemists , cabalists , ivia astrologers . Here Gay wrote his Tr . ’ Timb s s Cu riosities o ondon ( f L , p .

H . CAVENDIS SQUARE Holles Street , Oxford

Street . Derived its name from Henrietta Caven

dish , daughter and heiress of John Holles , Was 1 1 u o . 8 D ke f Newcastle built about 7 . 2 w as of t w o No . 3 successively the residence

eminent painters , George Romney and Sir ’ London v ol Martin Archer Shee . (Jesse s , . i ,

p . HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 49

ou t 1 1 The square was laid about 7 7 , the whole of the north side being taken by the ' of wh o Grand Duke Chandos , proposed

t o build here a palatial residence , and to purchase all the property between Cavendish of Ed ew are Square and his palace Canons at g , so that he might ride from town t o country n state through his ow e . In the British M of useum is a view the mansion , designed by John Price ; the wings of the palace one only were built , being a large mansion a t h e t . corner of Harley Street , the other a corresponding mansion at the corner of ’ Timb s s Cu riosities o Lon Chandos Street . ( f don , p .

CHALK FARM . St . Pancras . Name corrupted from the old V ill age of

h l - C a c ot . , where once was a noted tea garden h t o This was the W ite House , which , in 1 6 8 of 7 , the body Sir Edmund Godfrey was carried after it had been found about two fields distant upon the south Side of ll Primrose Hi . Several duels have been fought here here John Scott (of the London M a azine P g ) was Shot by Mr . Christie , ebru 1 6 1 8 2 1 M ary , and here the poet oore and of Edinbu r h Review 1 806 Jeffrey the g met in . ’ Timb s s Cu riosities o ondon ( f L , p .

1 0 2 CHANCERY LANE . , Fleet Street .

’ The name is a corruption of Chancellor s of Lane , which was built in the reign Henry 50 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

. of III It was so dirty , and so full deep ruts h of and oles in the reign Edward I , that cu stos of John Briton , the London , ordered it t o be barred up to prevent its being used as

a thoroughfare , and that no harm might t o happen persons passing that way . In 1 6 2 the year 3 Izaak Walton , the famous on angler , lived here , carrying the business of ill — or a m iner sempster , dealer in shirts . now In a house no more , which abutted ’ upon Serj eants Inn , was born the poet

Abraham Cowley . His father was a grocer ’ Streets o ondon . m , in Chanc—ery Lane (S ith s f L pp 2 59 6 1

CHANGE ALLEY . City , Cornhill . ’ No Garraw a s A . 3 stood the famous y t — Coffee house , where tea was first retailed at ’ 1 6 0 ll T mb s s from to 5 shi ings per pound . ( i Cu i sities o ondon r o . f L , p

CHARING CROSS . Strand . charr n e or Derived from y g , a turning ” of bend . In the reign Queen Elizabeth l this was a country road , bounded by a wal on on the south towards the park , and the of for north by a row trees , all beyond it

miles being enclosed fields . It remained nearly in the same state until the time of for Charles II . Charing Cross was many of centuries a place punishment , and its pill ory was among the most famous of the

many that formerly stood in London . Among many notorious persons who under went that HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 5 1

degradation in this place was Titus Oates ,

- for his well known perj uries . Here , in the n of reig Charles I I , were executed Hugh of Peters , chaplain Oliver Cromwell , Scrope , of Jones , Harrison , and many others the

regicides . Horne Tooke derives the word Charing charan from the Saxon word , to turn and the situation of the original village on the bend or turning of the Thames gives t o probability this etymology . It took the additional name of Cross from the wooden cross se t up by Edward I as a testimony of h is his affection for beloved Queen Eleanor . Wherever her corpse rested on it s transit from Grant h aminLincolnshire t o Westminster in c om Abbey , the King erected a cross ’ of Streets o memoration her . (Smith s f ondon 8 2 8 L , pp . , 4 , a CHARLES STREET . Berkeley Squ re . Pelhaml Bulwer , the author of , ived here in 1 8 1 as 4 , in a small house which , regards the

furniture and fittings , was a strange medley — - one drawing room Elizabethan , with an oak imitation ceiling ; another , a facsimile of a room Bulwer had seen at Pompeii , with al l vases , candelabra , etc in Pompeiian

style .

CHARLES STREET . Holborn . In this street is the Bleeding Heart

- public house , which derives its name from an old religious Sign , the Pierced Heart of the 5 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

V irgin . This is close to Bleeding Heart Yard . Holborn M ( , Besant and itton , p . i CHARLOTTE STREET . F tzroy Square .

In this street lived John George Morland

and Richard Wilson , the famous painters . ’ ndon ol o v . . (Jesse s L , iii , p

ARTERHOUSE insb ur CH SQUARE . F y .

The site of this square was in part a lonely ’ of No M field , bearing the name an s Land . Ralph Stratford bought it as a place of burial for the victims of the pestilence in 1 one no 349 , where was buried in year less than of the better sort of people ’ Timb s s u rios iti o ndon . es Lo (Camden) ( C f ,

p . The London Charterhouse was the fourth house of the Carthusian order founded in England : It had flourished f or nearly three centuries in prosperity when the storm of the

Dissolution broke upon them . of Thomas Sutton , descended from one the i of most ancient fam lies Lincolnshire , bought of L of Charterhouse ord Howard , Earl son of of Suffolk , and second the Duke in Norfolk , for and petitioned K g James and the Parliament for leave and 1 0 licence to endow the present hospital in 6 9 . Letters patent for the hospital were issued 1 1 1 in June 6 . ’ Sutton s scheme was for a hospital for

HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON 5 3

poor men (who had at one time been house holders) and a free school for the teaching and maintenance of poor children and scholars The original school was removed to Godal

1 8 2 . ming in 7 . The Poor Brothers remain l They dine in the Great Ha l , and attend a 6 a prayers twice day . They receive £3

year , have comfortable rooms rent free , and

are required to wear , when in bounds , a long of wh o black cloak . The works Thackeray , t o was educated here , abound in references a i s . Grey Fr ars , he calls Charterhouse The register contains the names of nume rous pupils afterwards illustrious in various of departments public life . Among these may

be noted Richard Lovelace , Joseph Addison ,

Richard Steele , John Wesley , Sir William

Blackstone , Lord Ellenborough , General l i Havelock , Sir Henry Russel , W lliam M akepeace Thackeray , John Leech , etc . , ’ Th nb u r l . or s O d and N e w ondon etc ( y L , 1 8 — . 1 6 8 vol , pp . 3 5 , 3 9

CHEAPSIDE . City . che e Name derived from p , a market ,

formerly called Westcheap . From the Poul ’

. f or try to St Paul s , famous its Ridings , its

Eleanor Cross , its Conduit , and its Standard , l the ancient Gui dhall near by , and the church

of M - le B o o u . w B w St ary ( Ch rch) , built in of the reign William the Conqueror . In a large house nearly opposite the church was 54 HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON

a ’ born Thomas Becket . The Mercers Chapel ’ M of ( ercers Hall) , which Company Queen on Elizabeth was free , stands the site . Cheap ” of L side was then called the Beauty ondon , and was famed for it s noted store of gold

- e t c . smiths , linen drapers , haberdashers , ’ Timb s s ond n and s i o We tmnster ( L , p . Cheapside has been from time immemorial of the most important markmet the City . In the house now nu bered 77 , almost o L pposite Ironmonger ane , Keats lived with 1 8 1 6 his brother in , and here he wrote some of his famous sonnets . C HERRY GARDEN STREET . Bermondsey .

Built on a cherry garden which was a place of public resort in the days of the

Stuarts . It is mentioned by Pepys in his Diar 1 1 66 : y under date June 5 , 4 To so t o Greenwich , and the Cherry Gardens , t o and thence by water , singing finely , the

bridge , and there landed . Charles Dickens , ne of of o . too , speaks the place in his works ’ d e ondon ol Th ornb u r s Old an N w v . ( y L , vi ,

p .

CHESTER PLACE . Euston Road . f or Charles Dickens lived here a time , and

here his fifth son was born .

CHESTER SQUARE . Pimlico . So called in honour of the Marquess of West

minster , whose seat , Eaton Hall , is situated M 2 1 8 1 rs . near Chester . At No . 4 died , in 5 , HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON 5 5

of Frankenstein Shelley , author , and widow ’ ondon of the poet Shelley . (Wheatley s L n a t and Prese t . . P s , vol i , p

1 6 CHESTERFIELD STREET . , Curzon Street .

This street t ook its name from Chesterfield of House , built in the reign George I I . Here resided for many years the witty al N n. o George Selwy Here so , at . 4 , lived l t h e celebrated George (Beau) Brumme l . ’ ndon v ol o . . (Jesse s L , i , p

CHEYNE ROW . Chelsea . Said to be named from a Lord of the Manor V of . Chelsea , iscount Cheyne ’ Here for many years resided one of Britain s

deepest and sincerest th inkers , Thomas Car l lyle . His house is about the midd e , num bered 2 4 (formerly Beneath a medallion portrait on the wall is inscribed Thomas 2 Row 1 8 Carlyle lived at 4 , Cheyne , 34 The house has been acquired by trustees and is open to anyone on the payment of one i shilling . It conta ns various Carlylean re lics of , and attracts visitors from all parts t o L the world . Here came see him eigh in Hunt , who lived only the next street , and Emerson from across the Atlantic . Chelsea M ( , G . E . itton , ed . Besant , p .

CHEYNE WALK . Chelsea . Faces a garden in which there is a statue of Carlyle in bronze . This locality is asso c iat e d with many famous men . Here lived ' 5 6 HISTORI C STREETS O F LO NDO N Sir Richard Steele and Sir James North

R. A cote , . In this part there was a very old inn bearing ” the name The Magpie and Stump . I t was a quaint old structure and the courtleet and

- court baron held Sittings in it . Destroyed 1 886 now r by fire in , it is replaced by a ve y of modern house the same name . Somewhere on the Site of these houses stood what was known as the New Manor as of House , built by Henry VII I part the n of j oi ture Queen Catherine Parr , who after

wards lived here with her fourth husband , L Thomas Seymour , the ord High Admiral . Here the young Princess Elizabeth came t o

stay with her stepmother , and also poor L of little ady Jane Grey at the age eleven . helsea 2 (C , G . E . Mitton , ed . Besant , pp . 5 Many famous artists and authors have

in . . . resided Cheyne Walk , as J W M Turner , Maclise Daniel , George Eliot , Holman Hunt , M Dante Gabriel Rossetti , George eredith ,

and Swinburne .

8 . CHICHESTER RENTS . 4 , Chancery Lane

Built on the Site of the old town mansion f o the Bishops of Chichester .

CHISWELL STREET . Finsbury . Said t o have derived its name from a well h i l of o ce Wel . excellent water , denominated C This street is celebrated for the extensive M CaSlon for foundry established by r. the HISTORI C STREETS O F LONDON 57

’ manufacture of printing type . (Tallis s s L ondonStreet View . )

1 CHRIST CHURCH PASSAGE . City , 9 , New

gate Street . Here stood probably the first house for genteel accommodation in eating known in

the metropolis . It was opened by the once Pont ack ' famous , soon after the great Revo ’ lu i n 1 8 t ets o ondon t o 68 . S re in (Smith s f L , 1 p . 3 9)

CHRIST CHURCH ROAD . Hampstead .

Was formerly called Green Man Lane , from the public- house of that n ame at the

foot . The chu rch (from which it is now named)

stands at a great elevation , and has a high

spire , which forms a landmark far and wide .

It was built by Sir Gilbert Scott , consecrated 1 8 2 1 8 2 Hamst ead 8 . in 5 and enlarged in ( p , M G . E . itton , p .

’ CHRIST S HOSPITAL . Newgate Street .

’ Known as the Bluecoat School , Christ s 1 VI Hospital was founded in 55 3 , by Edward , the well - known dress worn by the boys being c designed by the young monar h . The school having been removed to Hor

sham , the buildings in Newgate Street ll 1 0 were pu ed down in 9 4 . Samuel Taylor

Coleridge , Charles Lamb , and Leigh Hunt 5 8 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’

were educated at Christ s Hospital , also

Samuel Richardson , and many other famous

men .

CHURCH LANE . Chelsea . Dean Swift once lodged here ; and his

friend Atterbury , who first had a house facing

the Embankment , afterwards came and lived Ch lsea M e . opposite to him . ( , G E . itton ,

p . 44

CHURCH STREET . Soho . Think of the diabolical Marat living quietly and writing scientific treatises in ’ this street (Salaman 5 L ondon Past and Present , p .

CITY ROAD .

This road , described as the finest about on London , with a footpath each side and

well lighted , running from Islington to Old 1 6 1 Street , was opened in June 7 , the Doghouse

Bar being at the same time demolished . ’ M odernHistor o the it o ondon (Welch s y f C y f L ,

p . \V No John esley lived at . 47 , opposite his a 1 1 nd in . chapel , here he died 79 His

grave is behind the chapel . His funeral was

attended by Samuel Rogers , amongst many

others .

CLARE MARKET . Westminster . of w h o Named after the Earls Clare , ’ ondon lived in the neighbourhood . (Jesse s L ,

vol . iii , p .

60 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ 1 8 CLIFFORD S I NN . 7 , Fleet Street . i Named from the ancient family of Cl fford ,

its former possessors , It was demised in the year 1 3 3 7 by the widow of Robert de Clifford t o students of the common law at 1 0 the yearly rent of £ . It was in the hall of this Inn that the j udges sat after the Great Fire of 1 666 t o determine causes arising ou t ’ of Streets o ondon that calamity . (Smith s f L ,

p . of George Dyer , the friend Elia , lived in ’ of Clifford s Inn . Samuel Butler , author

Erewhon 1 - , etc . , lived at No . 5 for thirty eight

years .

CLI PSTONE STREET . Fitzroy Square .

Named after a village in Nottinghamshire .

Smi hfield CLOTH FAIR . West t . The ancient rendezvous of Italian and

Flemish cloth merchants .

COCKSPUR STREET . Charing Cross .

off In this street , where the road branches M an into Pall all East , stands the equestri

of 1 8 . statue George I II . It was erected in 3 7 ’ S ets o ondon tre . (Smith s f L , p L CO D HARBOUR . Poplar . of Here , in the reign Edward III , stood i of Poultney Inn , the magn ficent mansion M Sir John Poultney , four times Lord ayor L ’ of n n . Lo do . ondon . (Jesse s , vol ii , p HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 6 1 M COLE AN STREET . City , Gresham Street .

IS said t o derive its name from one Robert of t Coleman , either the owner the proper y ’ or of ondon the builder the street . (Jesse s L ,

vol . ii , p . Oliver Cromwell and some of his supporters are said t o have met at a hostelry in this

street .

COLLEGE HILL . City , Thames Street .

So i t o called from a college ded cated St . M Spirit and St . ary , founded by the famous t L Sir Richard Whittington , hree times ord ’ L ondon v ol Mayor of ondon . (Jesse s L , . iii ,

p .

COMPTON STREET . Clerkenwell. Built on the Site of what was formerly the L of ondon residence the Comptons , Earls ’ of ndon v ol . o ii . i Northampton (Jesse s L , ,

p .

20 1 CONDUIT STREET . , Regent Street .

So called from the city conduit which

carried water from the Tyburn to Cheapside . Charles James Fox (who was Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1 78 2 ) was born M a ai M r . . . in this street . ( yf , G E itton , p

CORK STREET . Old Bond Street . Named from the Earls of Burlington and

Cork . Here died Dr . Arbuthnot , the physi 6 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ mof nd . n o o . i cia Queen Anne (Jesse s L , vol ,

p .

CORNHILL . City . Stow says : It [Cornhill] was named of a cornmarket time ou t of mind there

holden . ’ Cornhill has been the Site of the Merchants

Exchange for nearly three centuries . ’ No 1 At . 5 , Cornhill , is Birch s , the cook ’ and confectioner s , probably the oldest shop of in its class the metropolis . This business was established in the reign of George I Mr wh o by a . Horton , was succeeded by Mr L not . ucas Birch , who was only a famous

- of . pastry cook , but a dramatist repute For some ten years Daniel Defoe kept a hosier ’ s Shop here—in Freeman ’ s Court (not

now in existence) . On the charge of writing a scandalous and seditious pamphlet entitled Th e Shortest Way with Dissenters he w as pilloried before the Royal Exchange in 1 0 7 3 . 6 ll 1 860 M At 5 , Cornhi , in , essrs Smith Cornhill M a azine Elder commenced the g ,

with Thackeray as editor . Of this house , Thackeray wrote to a friend : Our store in ou r house being Cornhill , we date and name

magazine from its place of publication . N 1 now w as Where o. 4 stands born Thomas of i fi Gray , author what many th nk the nest

poem in the language , the famous Elegy ” written in a Country Churchyard . HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON 63

COVENT GARDEN . Strand . o Or C nvent Garden , derives its name from occupying the site of what was anciently t o b a vast garden , belonging the A bey and n Convent of Westmi ster , which extended as M ’ ’ as . far west St artin s Church . (Jesse s

ondon . L , vol . i , p This has been a market for fruit and n r vegetables , the finest in Engla d , eve Since 1 6 of the year 3 4 , when Francis , Earl Bedford , cleared away the old buildings and b egan of n s s the formation a new and ha d ome quare . ’ Inigo Jones was the architect . (Smith s Streets o ondon f L , p . ’ of ul At the Church St . Pa s , Covent Garden , w as of buried Samuel Butler , the author Hu dibras w as . A monument erected in West ’ minster Abbey to Butler s memory forty - one

years after his deat h . John Walcot (Peter i ’ P ndar) was also buried at St . Paul s , Covent h Garden . The churc was burned down in 1 86 no 7 , and traces of these graves now h remain . Among ot er celebrated persons buried here are Sir Peter Lely (wh o had a a in house ne r by , where he lived great

magnificence ) ; Dr . Arne , Wycherley and M i . Sothern , the dramatists , ackl n , etc

1 COVENTRY STREET . , Wardour Street .

So u named from Coventry Ho se , the of residence Henry Coventry , Secretary of son State , of Lord Keeper Coventry , who died 64 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

here in 1 686 ; a noted gaming- house stood upon this spot at the beginning of the seven ’ t e ent h Str ets o n n . e o do century (Smith s f L ,

p . The large house at the east end of this ’ i street was formerly Hamlet s , the S lversmith

and j eweller . Hamlet married a daughter of of Thomas Clark , King Exeter Change , w h o died worth half a million of money . ul But Hamlet was an unfortunate spec ator . Among his losses may be reckoned the build ’ ing of the Princess s Theatre in Oxford ’ T mb s ndon and Westminster . i s Lo Street ( , v ol . i , p .

COWLEY STREET . Westminster .

Named from Cowley in Middlesex , where ’ Timb s s u ri Booth , the actor , resided . ( C i s o ondon os tie . f L , p

B RN L . CRAN O U ALLEY . eicester Square

a ren Here Hogarth , the painter , was pp ticed to a goldsmith for the purpose of learn ’ - ing the art of silver plate engraving . (Jesse s

nd n . o o . L , vol i , p

1 . CRANE COURT . City , 74 , Fleet Street

Th i s has long been a sort of nursery for of one of newspapers . In a basement the houses were printed the early numbers of ’ P nch Timb s s u riosities o ondon . u . ( C f L , p PP CRI LE GATE .

66 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

CROSBY . City , 3 4 , Bishopsgate .

(E . CSQUARE

Takes its name from Crosby Place , which of IV on was built in the reign Edward , r Ash fie ld g ound rented from Alice , Prioress ’ of of the adj oining convent St . Helen s . The

founder was Sir John Crosby , whose monu

ment is still a conspicuous obj ect in St . ’ Helen s Church . Crosby Place was purchased 1 1 6 about 5 by Sir Thomas More , and here he is supposed to have written his Utopia and ’ Li e o Richard th e Third ondon his f f . (Jesse s L , 0 1 vol . ii , pp . 3 9 , 3 9 1 860 In February , Henry Irving read Virginiu s at Crosby Hall (now re - erected ’ at Chelsea) . This was the great actor s first ’ public appearance in London . (Welch s M odernHistor o the it o ondon y f C y f L , p . Charles Dickens also gave public readings

at Crosby Hall .

CROSS STREET . Holborn . old In this street there is an charity school , with stuccoed figures of a charity boy and o girl n the frontage . Wh of iston , the friend Sir Isaac Newton , r lived here , and here Edward Irving fi st n Hol orn of . b displayed his powers preachi g ( , M Besant and G . E . itton , p .

CROWN COURT . Westminster . So n named from Rose and Crow Court , where for many years a tavern stood bearing of that Sign . The rose was , course , the HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 67

’ al M emorials o West Tudor badge . (W cott s f in mster . , p

CROWN OFFICE ROW . Temple . ’ Here was Lamb s birthplace , and here ’ alaman s ondon Thackeray had Chambers . (S L Past and Present , p . L CRUTCHED FRIARS . City , Mark ane .

Derives its name from being on the Site of t h e ancient monastery of Crou ched or ’ Crossed 1 2 8 Ti b s s . m Friars , founded in 9 ( Cu i i i s nd n r os t e o Lo o . f , p 1 CULLUM STREET . City . 3 5 , Fenchurch

Street . SO of wh o called from a knight that name , ’ of l ondon was owner the property . (Tal is s L Stre t iews e V . ) 8 L CURSITOR STREET . 3 , Chancery ane .

L Eldhn in of ord the early part his career , ” r lived here . Here was my fi st perch , he How ru said . often have I n down t o Fleet Market with Sixpence in my hand t o buy ’ nd n o o v ol . sprats for supper (Jesse s L , iii ,

p .

CURTAIN ROAD . Shoreditch .

Formerly called Holywell Street . In this of street (the Site the Curtain Theatre , said to have been the oldest building erected for L scenic exhibitions in ondon) , lived and died

- Richard Burbage , the fellow actor and friend ’ of ondon v ol Shakespeare . (Jesse s L , . 68 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

Takes its name from one of the oldest L Bil rb a o ondon theatres . James ge began t l i n 1 6 w as bui d a theatre here 57 , and it

opened the same year . It was called by of it the name The Theatre , as was the very of it s first kind in London . Plays were at

that time forbidden in the City , and the site for the theatre was consequently chosen

without , but near to , the City walls , and it was easy of access from Finsb u ry Fields by a footpath following the course of the present Row Holywell .

Later Burbage built a second playhouse , on or The Curtain , near the spot where the ’ u present St . James s Ch rch stands . Shakespeare took part in the dramas at Romeo and u liet The Curtain . His play j is said t o have been first produced at this dit h Shore c . . theatre . ( , Besant , etc , p

Z M CUR ON STREET . ayfair .

r Cu rz ons h Derives its name from the , Earls on Howe , whose property it was built . In ’ M this street lived Pope s friend , Lord arch No 1 6 mont . At . lived the distinguished ’ ondon physician Sir Henry Halford . (Jesse s L ,

vol . i , p . 1 Smollett lodged here in 746 . Lord ’ No 1 a fi . B e c ons e ld died here at 9 . Thackeray s Becky Sharp and Colonel Rawdon N o 2 0 1 Crawley came to . after the Waterloo

Campaign . This is the house where Lord t o Steyne made love Becky , with the HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 69

r Vanit Fair No 8 result desc ibed in y . At . M (still standing) lived the isses Berry , the of e friends Horac Walpole . Thackeray was N O 8 a frequent visitor at . .

D

DACRE STREET . Westminster . L wh o Name derived from a ord Dacre , ’ ondon v ol owned property here . (Jesse s L , . i ,

p .

DANVERS STREET . Chelsea . Stands on the Site of a house and garden t o once belonging Sir John Danvers , and

named after him .

DARTMOUTH STREET . Westminster.

S0 called ou t of compliment t o Will iam of Legge , Earl Dartmouth (the annotator of 1 0 8 Burnet) , whose house in 7 was in Queen ’ i ondon Square , Westm nster . (Wheatley s L Past and esent v ol Pr . . , i , p

0 DAVIES STREET . 3 , Berkeley Square . Takes it s name either from Miss Mary wh o t o old Davies , is said have lived in an of or house at the corner Bourdon Street , t o from Sir Thomas Davies , whom Hugh dl Au ey left his property . It is very narrow ro at its northern end , where it forms a p lon at ion of M old g South olton Lane , an 1 0 8 M a air street known in 7 as Shug Lane . ( yf , E G . . Mitton , p . 70 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

8 DEAN STREET . Soho . 9 , Oxford Street .

Named in compliment to Bishop Compton , ’ ’

of . t s Dean St Paul s . (Smith s S reet of ondon L . )

’

DEAN S YARD . 4 , The Sanctuary , West

minster . ’ In Dean s Yard Mrs . Barbara Charlotte of Lenox , daughter General Lenox , died in

great distress , and was buried with the common soldiery in the further ground of

the Broadway Chapel . She was the authoress of Th e Female u ixote Shakes eare I llu s Q , p ra d t te . , etc Dined yesterday , says Dr . ’ Mrs Garri ks Mr . c s . Johnson , at , with M M M rs . i Carter , Hannah oore , and ss Fanny t o Burney . Three such women are not be u : find fo nd I know not where I could a fourth , ”

Mr . s . except Lenox , who is superior to them all of Samuel , the elder brother Charles

Wesley , was usher in Westminster School , ’ w as and lived in Dean s Yard . His house ’ ’ his brother s resort while in town . (Walcott s M e ials o W s inst mor e tm er . f , p

1 8 n DENMARK PLACE . 3 , Chari g Cross

Road . l This was once Dud ey Court , and the house here with a garden was given by the Duchess h of Dudley as a rectory for t eparish . Dudley Court or Row was built pmthe Site of the 1 2 2 H l orn . o b house previous to 7 ( , Besant M and G . E . itton , p . HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 7 1

DESBOROUGH STREET . Harrow Road .

of Named from Desborough , the residence or Desb row e John Desborough ( ) , Oliver ’ - in— Cromwell s brot her law .

2 1 DEVEREUX COURT . 3 , Strand . Derives its name from the mansion of the

ill - x of fated Thomas Devereu , Earl Essex ,

which stood upon its site . In this court was

- o - one the well known Grecian C ffee house , of of the oldest in London , a favourite resort ’ ndon . Lo . Oliver Goldsmith (Jesse s , vol iii ,

p .

DEVONSHI RE COURT . Bishopsgate .

Derives its name from having been the ‘ site of the London residence of the Caven now of dishes , Earls ( Dukes) Devonshire . ’ ondon v ol (Jesse s L , . ii , p .

DEVONSHIRE SQUARE . Bishopsgate .

Named from the Earls of Devonshire having lived here in a mansion previously of possessed by the Earl Oxford . Here Murray and Dockwra se t up the Penny Post 1 680 M in . urray also introduced the Club of Commerce (one of a trade) and at Devon a of shire House he opened Bank Credit , where money- bills were advanced upon goods ’

. Timb s s Cu riosities o ondon deposited ( f L , p 7 2 HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON

DEVONSHIRE STREET . Bishopsgate .

This occupies what was originally a single

- — house with pleasure gardens , bowling greens ,

. etc formed by Jasper Fisher This mansion , so largely and elegantly constructed by a of or man no property figure in life , obtained ’ ” of for it the name Fisher s Folly . After of the ruin its vain proj ector , it had a quick of succession owners , coming eventually to of the noble family Cavendish . William , the of second Earl Devonshire , died in it about ’ 1 62 8 ondonStreet iews . V the year (Tallis s L . ) M DEVONSHI RE TERRACE . arylebone .

of i Named after the Dukes Devonsh re .

Here Charles Dickens once resided .

DORRI NGTON STREET . Holborn . of Here resided Carey , the composer l All ’ nd n . o o Sa ly in our ey (Jesse s L ,

vol . iii , p .

DORSET COURT . Salisbury Square , Fleet

Street . Here the great philosopher John Locke 1 68 resided in 9 , and from here he dates the dedication to his E ssay Concerning Hu man ’ d ndin ondon Un ersta . . . g (Jesse s L , vol iii , p

DOUGHTY STREET . Holborn . Here Charles Dickens lived in the earlier of days his popularity , when as yet he was

only Boz t o the public . While here he

74 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

north end was called Carrington Place ( 1 774) 1 8 M a air M 6 . . . until 7 ( yf , G E itton , p .

N . l DOWNI G STREET Whitehal . w i Derives its name from Sir George Do n ng , Secretary to the Treasury in the reign of f Charles II . Here stands the O ficial residence of L of the First ord the Treasury , conferred on by George I I his favourite minister , Sir on Robert Walpole , and his successors in that ’ fi f ndon or . Lo high of ce ever (Jesse s , vol . i ,

p .

Aldw ch DRURY LANE . y . Via Aldw ch Originally de y , indicating a of ru small dependency Saxon London , D ry Lane derives its name from the once im of portant family the Drurys , who had a house one of here . At time a street the first fashion

of - and the promenade nobles , its world wide fame is really due to its succession of famous r theatres . The fi st , called the Phoenix , was 1 1 built before 6 7 . This is said to have

formerly been a cockpit , which was appa rent ly destroyed by the mob in the year ’ Streets o mentioned and rebuilt . (Smith s f n n o do . L , p The following brief history of the Drury Lane theatres is extracted from the Sou venir presented t o the audience at the Opening of the present reconstructed Theatre

Royal , Drury Lane , and may be taken as authoritative 1 66 Opened , May 7 , 3 , under Royal Let

HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 75 ters Patent granted t o Thomas Killigrew l by Charles I I . Rebui t by Sir Christopher M 1 6 Re . 2 6 . Wren and reopened arch , 74 built from a design by Henry Holland and

M 1 2 1 . reopened arch , 794 Rebuilt by Ben 1 0 j amin Wyatt and reopened October , 1 8 1 0 1 08 1 8 1 2 . . Partially rebuilt 94 , 9 4 , and 9 u Fourth theatre , with entirely new auditori m , 1 2 2 reopened April 9 . ' He woul d be a bold man wh o would attempt t o write the complete story of Drury — Lane such a literary feat h as always been regarded as impossible Few historians of the stage have been more intimately a M associated with Old Drury th n r. Austin

Brereton . From his entrancing epitome the following facts have been culled . t o The second Charles , returning Eng of land after an exile nearly nine years , was on of the eve landing at Dover . For t u nat ely f or himself and for the readers of this veracious chronicle , the immortal of diarist , Samuel Pepys , was a member the j ovial band . Walking upon the decks , all the afternoon , were persons of honour , K r among others , Thomas illigrew (a me ry of droll , but a gentleman great esteem with wh o the King) , told us many merry stories . of u Thomas was a page hono r , when he

- one . was twenty , to Charles I It is evident that he was one of the early friends of 1 6 Charles I I , for in 47 he was with the Prince in Paris . He represented Charles in Venice 7 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

1 1 n in 65 . On returni g to England with the King he was appointed Groom of the Bed t o M chamber His aj esty . Thus it came about that Killigrew was entrusted by Charles f or with the patent Drury Lane . Kill igrew ’ s company performed from 8 1 660 November , , in a temporary building which had been transformed from a famous tennis - court which stood within the precincts of M Clare arket . in Bear Yard , between V ’ ere Street and Lincoln s Inn Fields . K ll t oo i igrew , finding the premises small for for his purpose , entered into arrangements of the erection a suitable playhouse . was V The land secured in inegar Yard .

Here was built the first Theatre Royal , Drury on Lane , and this site , with sundry additions , t o which now extend Drury Lane , the four theatres which have added so much lustre

t o the English theatre have stood . Be set fir it , then , down that the st Theatre Royal , on 1 66 Drury Lane , was opened May 7 , 3 , and that the first play performed there was Th e Hu morou s Lieu tenant , by Francis Beau

mont and John Fletcher . In January 1 672 the first theatre fire was destroyed by . The new theatre , of built by Sir Christopher Wren , at a cost M 2 6 1 on 6 . was Opened arch , 74 ’ In November 1 682 the King s and the Duke ’ of York s companies , the latter with Better

t on at . their head, were amalgamated ’ The chief members of K illigrew S original HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 77

i so company retired about th s time , that the of w as great actor the age , Betterton , left of L in undisputed sway Drury ane . ’ ’ Most notorious of all (of the King s w as s o i company) Eleanor Gwyn , who e ass c a tion with the theatre b egan when she sold w as ro oranges in the pit . Thence she p ’ u moted t o the stage of the King s ho se . 1 6 0 Sh e Born in 5 , made her first appearance , as C daria The I ndian fifteen years later , y in meror E p . Her last original character was ’ n u st o ranada Almah ide in Dryden s Co q e f G . She spoke the Prologue t o this play in a straw hat as large as a cartwheel . Charles I I w as present and was convu lsed ’ with laughter . After the death of Charles I I and of ‘ ll of Ki igrew , the vicissitudes the players were varied and seriou s until in 1 7 1 1

r - th ee actor managers , Robert Wilks , Thomas m c on Doggett , and Colley Cibber ca e into

. e trol It was Doggett who found d , in 1 1 6 for i 7 , the annual prize a row ng com — ’ petition f or Thames watermen Doggett s

Coat and Badge . The most famous member of w as the triumvirate Cibber . The middl e of the eighteenth century witnessed the coming as manager at Drury Lane of David Garrick and the beginning of nearly f o old thirty years of prosperity r the house . From Garrick we pass to Richard

Brinsley Sheridan . His management began 1 1 80 in 777 and lasted until 9 . John Hender 78 HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON M son rs . l , Siddons , John Phi ip Kemble , and Dora Jordan were among the celebrated actors wh o appeared in the second Drury Lane

under Sheridan . The third theatre w as M 1 2 1 opened arch , 794 . Kemble as M Mrs M acbeth , . Siddons as Lady acbeth , and Charles K emble formed a fine constellation for the opening of this gorgeous

establishment . It was destroyed by on 2 1 8 0 fire February 4 , 9 . In the story of the fourth theatre the most momentous event during its early period w as the first appearance in London of Edmund ll Kean as Shylock . Wi iam Charles Macready acted here f or the first time as Vir u Tw ini s . o g farewells , which are landmarks in the story of the English stage M were those of acready and Henry Irving . nir s ra Sou ve s e e u . (From the , p ) Drury Lane was one of the first places in 1 6 London visited by the Great Plague of 65 . ’ ondon (Jesse s L , vol . i , p . : Here Nell Gwynne resided . Pepys says Saw pretty Nelly standing at her lodging door in Drury Lane in her smock sleeves and

bodice . A mighty pretty creature .

’ DUKE STREET . St . James s , Westminster .

of Named after the Duke York , afterwards L f James I I . The infamous ord Je freys lived ’ 2 Ti b s s Cu riosities of . m at No 5 . ( London ,

p .

80 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

Guilford Dudl ey . Queen Mary granted Dur ham Place t o the s ee t o which it originally on i belonged ; but Elizabeth , her access on , one of claimed it as the royal palaces , and of t o al granted the use it Sir W ter Raleigh , who continued to inhabit it till a short time ’ after her death . On Raleigh s imprisonment

in the Tower , Durham Place was granted by M of the King to Toby atthew , Bishop Durham , of afterwards Archbishop York . The estate of Durham Place was purchased 1 60 of of about the year 7 , the Earl Pem

broke , by the Adam brothers , the architects , wh o built the stately terrace overlooking the n o of . river , the Adelphi , part the Site ’ Streets o ondon 1 0 (Smith s f L , pp . 4 E M ll EARL STREET . i bank , Westminster .

of Named after the Earl Romney , who ’ Ti b s s u riosities o owned the property . ( m C f ondon L . )

’

i . EARL S COURT . Kens ngton Named after the residence of the Lords of M V of w h o the anor (the eres , Earls Oxford) , ’ ondon held their courts here . (Wheatley s L a n sent P st a d Pre . . , vol ii , p

EASTCHEAP . City . Took it s name from a market anciently there kept f or the serving of the east part HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 8 1

’

f Sr e s Stow . o t . the City . ( yp , Bk ii , p A market at one time almost as famous as i of Westcheap (now Cheapside) . The orig n is

ch e e ar . course p , a m ket Here were many i ’ hostelries , ncluding the Boar s Head

Tavern , frequented by Shakespeare and made . famous for all time by him . Famous in the olden time for those scenes of j ollity , when the cooks cried hot ribs of beef roasted , pies well baked , and other ’ victuals , with clattering of pewter pots , a rie s w t . harp , pipe and There is perhaps no spot in London which recalls SO vividly to our imagination the as a romance of the olden time E stcheap . Who is there who has ever strolled along this classic ground without having pictured t o ’ himself the Boar s Head Tavern , such as when it resounded t o the j okes and merri ment of Sir John Fal staff and his boon companions P of f The character Falsta f , says Gold one smith , in of his charming Essays , even all with his faults , gives me more consolation of than the most studied efforts wisdom .

Sure I am well able to be as merry , though so not comical as he . Age , care , wis ’ dom t o , reflection , begone here s the memory of Shakespeare , Falstaff , and all the merry men of Eastcheap Such were the reflections that naturally arose while I sat at the ’

Boar s Head Tavern , still kept at East cheap . Here , by a pleasant fire , in the very 6 8 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

old room where John Falstaff cracked his j okes , in the very chair which was sometimes hon ou re d by Prince Henry , and sometimes polluted by his immoral merry companions sat on of I and ruminated the follies youth . ’ of The Boar s Head Shakespeare ,

which stood in Great Eastcheap , perished in of the Fire London . A tavern bearing the on n same name was erected its Site , havi g in ’ front of it a boar s head cut in stone with 1 688 w as 1 8 1 the date . It taken down in 3 , t o make room f or the approaches to New Lon

don Bridge . The obj ect which most nearly marks the site of the old tavern is the statue ’ of i IV ond n ol o v . K ng William . (Jesse s L , ii , 1 pp . 3 7

EAST SMITHFIELD . City , Little Tower

Hill .

Here Edmund Spenser , the poet , was born . ’ nd n ol o o v . (Jesse s L , ii , p .

B ’ E URY . STREET Pimlico . No 2 Tennyson stayed at . 4 in this street 1 8 in 47 . n ECCLESTON STREET . Bucki gham Palace

Road .

Named from Eccleston in Cheshire , a seat

of the Dukes of Westminster .

1 EDEN STREET . 3 , Hampstead Road .

Here were the Adam and Eve Tea of gardens , whence the name Eden . HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 83 M EDGWARE ROAD . arble Arch .

The road t o Edgware . A very ancient i i thoroughfare continu ng Watl ng Street , the Al L t o . Roman road from ondon St . bans

EFFRA ROAD . Brixton . Effra Named from the little River , a no now stream which is t visible . E LM COURT . Inner Temple . Lord Keeper Guildford first commenced

practice here , and in this court the great ’ a ondon Lord Somers had Ch mbers . (Jesse s L ,

vol . iii , p . LM ’ E A . n TREE RO D St . Joh s Wood .

t of of Tom Hood , au hor The Dream ” ' of Eugene Aram , The Song the Shirt , 1 etc , , lived at No . 7 in this road , and died ’ 1 t ondon Past and here in 845 . (Whea ley s L Present v l o . . , ii , p

. 1 Hol ELY PLACE , Charterhouse Street ,

born . — The Site of the town house of the Bishops ' of of - Ely . John Gaunt , time honoured

Lancaster , died here . ENDSLEIGH GARDENS . St . Pancras .

Christina Rossetti at one time lived at

No . 5 . ENNISM RE O . GARDENS Princes Gate , Ken

sington Road . Vis Name derived from the second title , Ennismore of of count , the Earl Listowel , 84 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ M e ia who owned the land . (Davis s mor ls of K ni h s rid t b e . g g , p

M ESSEX COURT . iddle Temple . of Here lived another errant man letters , N o at . 5 (now rebuilt) , in Richard Porson . t o of He chose this abode be near Perry , the M ornin Chronicle g , whose sister he had

married . We read of Porson shutting him self up in these Chambers for three or four no days together , admitting visitors . He was then busy about the Grenville Homer f or MS of which he collated the Harleian . the Od sse 0 y y , and received for his labour but £5 ’ - Timb s s ondonand and a large paper copy . ( L Westminster v l o . , . i , p

ESSEX STREET . Strand . Stands on the site of an ancient mansion l of bui t by Walter Stapleton , Bishop Exeter , wh o mob was seized by the , beheaded in

Cheapside , and buried beneath a heap of sand in front of the house which he had intended f or the residence of the prelates o f belonging t the See o Exeter . Bishop Lacy added the great hall in the of VI l reign Henry , and it was cal ed Exeter House later it was called Leicester House

and lastly assumed the title of Essex House , of from the unfortunate Earl Essex , the ’ favourite of Queen Elizabeth . (Tallis s ondon Street iews L V . )

Here , a year before he died , Dr . Johnson HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 85

formed the Essex Head Club . It was held

at a tavern called the Essex Head , kept wh o of Mr by a man had been a servant . on Thrale . There is a new Essex Head

the same site now . The terms , said

Johnson , writing to Sir Joshua Reynolds ,

inviting him to become a member , are lax ,

and the expenses light . We meet thrice a

week , and he who misses forfeits twopence . Sir Joshua declined to become a member of an association SO plebeian as t o fine a man e twopence , but the club prosp red and sur ’ Streets o ond n v iv e d . o its founder (Smith s f L ,

p .

EUSTON ROAD and SQUARE . St . Pancras .

W . 1 (N . . )

Named from the Earls of Euston .

EVELYN STREET . Deptford . of Named from the family John Evelyn ,

the diarist .

EXETER STREET . Strand .

Here Dr . Johnson , unfriended and almost r penniless , first lived with David Ga rick , ’ 1 when he arrived in London in 73 7 . (Jesse s ondon v ol L , . i , p .

. l EYRE STREET HILL Clerkenwel Road,

Holborn .

- 1 80 6 Here , in a sponging house , in , died the n ’ celebrated pai ter George Morland . (Jesse s ondon v ol L , . iii , p . 86 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON F

. 1 6 B ermon FAI R STREET 9 , Tooley Street , d se y . The site of the once famous Horseleydown

Fair , and named from it . ’ In this street w as born London s great bene ’ of factor Thomas Guy , founder Guy s Hos

pital .

FALCON COURT . Fleet Street . of Took its name from an inn , the Sign the W nk n . of Falcon y y de Worde , the father

printing in England , lived in Fleet Street , at his messuage or inn known by the sign of the

Falcon . Whether it were the inn that stood on the site of Falcon Court is not known with n w ’ as . certai ty , but most probably it (Smith s nd n Streets o o o . f L , p Falcon Stairs were built near the site of of the Falcon Inn , a tavern considerable importance said to have been the daily resort of of a Shakespeare and his dram tic associates . ’ ndon Lo . . (Jesse s , vol iii , p

’ FARRAR S BUILDINGS . Inner Temple .

Here Boswell had his chambers t o be near

Johnson . Charles Lamb lived at No . 4 . Tw o rooms on the third floor and five

rooms above , he writes to Coleridge , with

an inner staircase to myself , and all new f 0 or . painted , etc £3 a year The rooms are delicious ; the best look backwards into t h ere ° is Hare Court , where a pump always

88 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

(stream) which passed through it , and therefore until this day is called by the ’ f Lan b ou rn Sr e s ow o e . t St name g ( yp , Bk . ii ,

p . Here formerly stood Nort h u mb erland

House , the residence , in the fifteenth century ,

of of . the Percys , Earls Northumberland In the reign of Henry VII its fine gardens were ’ n - Lon converted into bowli g alleys . (Jesse s n v ol do . . , ii , p

FETTER LANE . City . ’ n l Few t ere r s A ciently cal ed Lane . Few t erers were a sort of idle and disorderly persons wh o frequented this neighbour hood the word is probably slang of ancient

date . In Fetter Lane reside d that celebrated leather- seller of the times of the Revolution known by the name of Praise - God Bare w h o t o one bones , has bequeathed his name ’ of Cromwell s Parliaments . The leather seller had a brother known t o the people as ” Damned Barebones , the name he appears If— to have chosen for himself , viz . Christ

— - - — - had - not - died - for you you had been damned t oo Barebones , being cumbersome . This fanatic appears t o have been a man of some

property . He inhabited the same house in

- fiv e Fetter Lane for twenty— years , and paid a rent of £40 per annum a very considerable ’ rental in the seventeenth century . (Smith s Streets ndon o o . f L , p HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 89

FIG TREE COURT . Inner Temple . So called from the fig trees which once

thrived there .

8 0 FI NCH LANE . City , , Cornhill . so of Formerly Finke Lane , called Robert

wh o - of Finke , new built the parish church ’ to ol S w v . St . Benet . (Kingsford s , i , p .

FI NCHLEY NEW ROAD . Tom Here , at Devonshire Lodge , Hood once

resided .

FINSBURY . Fe nsb u r Or y , named from its fenny ground . Finsbury appears t o have been a very early of locality for archery , for in the reign Edward I there was formed a society called of l the Archers Finsbury . The Royal Arti i lery Ground , F nsbury , was perhaps the earliest cricket - ground in London for here a match was played between Kent and All ’ 1 Ti b s Cu ri si i s England in 746 . ( ms o t e of ndon o . L , pp 9 INSB RY F U CI RCUS . City . se e su ra one For origin , p . Here at time

stood the Bethlehem Hospital . In a Roman

Catholic church here the .body of Carl Maria v on Weber (the composer) found a temporary

- a resting pl ce .

FI NSBURY SQUARE . 1 8 R A on Built in 7 9 by George Dance , . . , fi l the north Side of Moor e ds . At the north

east corner lived the estimable Dr . Birkbeck , 90 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ the founder of Mechanics Institutions ; he ’ 1 1 T mb s i 8 i s Cu r osities o died here in 4 . ( f n ondo . L , p

FISH STREET HILL . City . Stow says : So called from being one of of fishmon ers the resorts g .

’ FITCHETT S COURT . City . of On the east side Noble Street , City . ’ Fitche s Court hath pretty good houses ,

with inhabitants answerable . At the upper

- end is an Old timber house , where formerly Tich b orn L , sometime Alderman and ord M ayor , dwelt . This house strangely escaped n dr burni g in the eadful Fire of London , when all the houses round about it were quite S ’ t t r e s S ow . consumed . ( yp , Bk . iii , p TZR Y I O . F SQUARE Tottenham Court Road .

Named from Charles Fitzroy , second Duke o as o f Grafton . The e t and s uth sides were 1 0 commenced by W . and J . Adam , in 79 . R A. On the south side lived Sir W . C . Ross , . , — Ti b ’ the celebrated miniature painter . ( ms s u i si ies ndon C r o t o Lo . f , p

FLASK WALK . Hampstead . The Flask Tavern in this street is on the Site of one of the oldest beer - houses in

- Hampstead . The watch house and public stocks stood at the upper end of the street

when removed from Heath Street . It is easy t o imagine that the name Flask originated

9 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON thousands from the misery and disgrace which would be entailed by these extemporary ’ thoughtless unions . (Smith s Streets of ondon L , p . There were certainly rough doings in Fleet M f or Street in the iddle Ages , the City Chronicles tell us of much blood spilt there of of and many deeds violence . The poet Chaucer is said to have beaten

a saucy Franciscan friar in Fleet Street , and 2 s f or f to have been fined . the o fence by the of Honourable Society the Inner Temple . In old times Fleet Street was rendered not picturesque , only by its many gable ended houses adorned with quaint carvings

and plaster stamped in patterns , but also by

the countless signs , gay with gilding and

painted with strange devices , which hung ’ Th ornb u r s ld above the shop fronts . ( y O and nd n ol N ew o o v . . L , i , p L FLEUR DE LIS COURT . 9 , Fetter ane .

Name derived from the Sign of the fle u r

- de lis . Said to have been taken from the quartering of the French arms with the or English , set up as a compliment to private wh o families bear this charge in their arms , ’ or Harb en s Dictionar o ondon as a crest . ( y f L , P

FOLEY STREET . Langham Street . L c on So called after ord Foley , who was

ne c t e d with the Harley family by marriage . HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 9 3

Here lived Richard Cumberland , the dra M matic writer ; also Edmund alone , the ’ Handbook o dramatic critic . (Cunningham s f ndon Lo . )

FORE STREET . City , Cripplegate . Daniel Defoe (the author of Robinson Cru soe) was a freeman of the Butchers h is n Company by patrimony , father havi g ’ kept a butcher s Shop in this street .

FOSTER LANE . City . Said very curiously t o have been originally ’ Ve dast s named St . . I t is , however , referred ’ t o of 1 28 1 Fau st e r s in a document as St . , t o of Ve which seems be a corruption St . ’ dast s c on . Before the Great Fire the lane t aine d the shops of many goldsmiths and

j ewellers .

’ F UBERT S 20 6 O . . PLACE , Regent Street

Takes it s name from a Maj or Foubert wh o kept a military academy here for riding and of other exercises in the reign Charles I I . ’ ondon Street i s (Tallis s L V ew . )

’ 1 8 FOX COURT . , Gray s Inn Road . w as Here Richard Savage born .

FREDERICK PLACE . City , Old Jewry .

’ I S Named from King James surgeon ,

Sir Christopher Frederick . 94 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

6 FRIDAY STREET . City , 3 , Cheapside . C (B -4 1 Deri ves Its name from i t s h av mg been fishmon ers inhabited by g , who attended ’ ’ i to v . S w ol Friday s market (K ngsford s , . i , p

FRITH STREET . Soho . circa 1 680 so l Built , and said to be cal ed

from Mr . Richard Frith , the builder . (Hat ’ N ew iew o ondon V L . ton s f , p Here many mfamous men have found homes , including Ed und Kean , Macready , and ll Sir Samuel Romi y . M Inchb ald Here rs . wrote her charming h iml tor ll novel T e S p e S y . Wi iam Hazlitt ’ 1 8 0 ondon v ol died here in 3 . (Jesse s L , . i , 2 p . 3 7)

’ INN FURNIVAL S . Holborn . Fu rniv all e s now of Inn , an Inn Chancery , but some time b elonging t o Sir Will iam l Furniva l , Knight , who had in Holborn two

messuages and thirteen shops , as appeareth of 6t h of by record Richard I I , in the his tow S . reign . ( , p Was an Inn of Chancery in the reign of I i al Henry V. The orig n buildings were of mostly taken down in the reign Charles I I , 1 1 and the Inn was rebuilt entirely in 8 8 . ’ Tim s ondon and Westminster b s . ( L , vol i ,

p . Charles Dickens lived here from Shortly ’ after his entering the Reporters Gallery of

96 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON Lord Nelson ’ s Lady Hamilton (Emma Harte) was married to Sir William Hamilton in ’ 1 1 ondon 79 . (Jesse s L , vol . i , p .

GERRARD STREET . Soho . of Takes its name from Gerrard , Earl Mac cle sfie ld of , a warm adherent to the cause

Charles I I , when the latter was in exile . In this street Edmund Burke lived in the year 1 788 while Dryden resided here for many

years with his wife , the Lady Elizabeth

Howard . Here the poet died in the year ’ 1 00 7 . His house was No . 43 . (Smith s nd n Streets o o o . f L , p ’ Think of Dryden s long residence in

Gerrard Street , where the august Literary

Club , as well as the artists who started the ’ Royal Academy , used to meet at the Turk s ” ’ f - Salaman s ond n Head Co fee house . ( L o n Past and Prese t . , p S h fi l I TSP R . mit e d G L U . STREET City , West

Was anciently call ed Gilt Spu rre or Knight ’ of rider s Street , because the knights who in of quality their honour wore gilt spurs , and t o who , with others , rode that way the tourna ments and other feats of arms used in Smith ’

St r e s Stow . . field . ( yp , Bk iii , p The same derivation apparently applies to ni h rider the present K g t Street .

GLASSHOUSE STREET . City . Named from a glass house which stood V there , where enice glasses were made , and HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 97

V enetians were employed in the work . S ’ t r e s Stow . . ( yp , Bk ii , p n ar . GOLDEN LANE . B bica one of Here stood the Fortune Theatre , the earliest places for theatrical entertain ’ L ndon v ol . s Lo . ments in ondon (Jes e s , iii ,

p .

GOLDEN SQUARE . Westminster .

Originally Golding , derived its name from n o e i . Golding , by whom it was bu lt Here r n once resided the celeb rated Hen y St . Joh ,

al . e Lord Bolingbroke so Mrs Cibb r, the ’ 1 6 ondon actress , lived here in 74 . (Jesse s L , v ol . i , p .

GOLDSMITH STREET . Drury Lane .

- of L At the north east end Drury ane , and

was formerly the Coal Yard , where Nell Holborn Gwynne was born . ( , Besant and M itton , p . M ’ GOOD AN S FIELDS . Stepney . one Derives its name from Goodman , who had a farm here in the reign of Queen Eliza ' ’ nd n i o o . i . beth . (Jesse s L , vol , p

GOSPEL OAK . Supposed to ow e its quaint name of c om paratively recent origin t o the fact that por tions of the Gospel used to be read beneath a spreading oak at the ceremony of beating of the bounds the parish , discontinued Since 1 8 6 Skirts h Great Cit Mr . o t e s 9 ( f y , . A . G .

Bell , p . 7 98 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

L D SW L AN . GO E ROAD STREET Finsbury .

These thoroughfares take their name from ll Gode e i. e an ancient Spring called w ( . Good Gode sw elI well) , afterwards corrupted to , Gosew ell Gosw ell , and . Gosw ell Street probably was formed about the time that the ground was taken in for ar building the C thusian Monastery , now ’ 1 1 P k s al . in s s Hi c led Charterhouse , in 3 7 ( to o l rken ll r C e we . y f , p

GOUGH SQUARE . Fleet Street . 1 Dr . Johnson lived here at No . 7 , where he ’ Ti b s s wrote part of his Dictionary . ( m i i s nd n Cu r os tie o o o . f L , p

GOWER STREET .

Here Lord Eldon lived for thirteen years , and here also resided John Adolphus , the ’

i . h storian , and Harley , the comedian (Jesse s nd n o o . L , vol iii , p . ’

Here , at No . 4 , Charles Dickens S mother set a — f or up a bo rding school girls , advertised M ’ . r by a brass plate inscribed s . Dickens s Establishment but it failed , fresh debt

having been contracted , with the result that ’ the famous novelist s al ways - unfortunate ’ father was taken to the debtors prison , M the arshalsea .

GRACECHURCH STREET . City . th e Or Grass Church , derives its name from Grassmarke t which anciently stood about ’ 6t h St r e s Stow . . here . ( yp , ed Bk ii , p

1 00 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

E GREAT JAMES STR ET . Holborn .

Swinburne once lodged in this street . M GREAT ARLBOROUGH STREET . Regent

Street . Said t o be named after the first Duke of M No on arlborough . At . 49 , the south side , Mrs . Siddons , the actress , lived for several ’ nd n Lo o v ol . years . (Jesse s , i , p .

GREAT ORMOND STREE T . Holborn .

I S on of built the Site Powys House , the of ll of residence , in the reign Wi iam II I , of the Herberts , Marquises Powis . Their l name is sti l preserved in Powis Place . In this street resided the celebrated No physician Dr . Mead , at . 49 , and here he of kept his fine collection books , drawings ,

medals , and antiquities . Hawke sw ort h Dr . John also lived here , and , Z No. 0 Lo at 5 , achary Macaulay ; rd Chan

c e llor . in 1 8 2 Thurlow at No 45 and here . 3 , of died Charles Butler , the author the agree e iniscences able R m which bear his name . ’ nd n o o . . (Jesse s L , vol iii , p In this street also is the Hospital for Sick

1 8 2 . Children , founded in 5 Princess Mary V of ( iscountess Lascelles) , only daughter V King George , was trained as a nurse at

this hospital .

GREAT PETER STREET . Westminster .

The corner house of this street and Tufton HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 1 01

Street was that t o which Colonel Blood is said t o have retired after he made his attempt ’ o s n the Crown j ewels in the Tower . (Jesse nd n Lo o . . , vol i , p

GREAT PORTLAND STREET . Oxford

Street . 1 l Here , in 795 , died James Boswel , the ’ London biographer of Dr . Johnson . (Jesse s ,

vol . i , p . L ’ GREAT QUEEN STREET . incoln s Inn

- Fields . u Named after Q een Elizabeth , in whose e reign it was formed into a footway . Sh ridan No for 6 . lodged at . 5 Boswell lived here

three years . Here lived Sir Godfrey Kneller also John ’

of . Hoole , the translator Tasso esse s ondon L , vol . i , p . This w as one of the most fashionable L of streets in ondon in the time the Stuarts . ’ At Coachmakers Hall in Great Queen Street was held the remarkable meeting of th e Pro testant Association which led t o the riots L 1 0 under ord George Gordon in 78 . The of house Mr . Justice Cox , in this street , was one of those destroyed by the rioters a few ’ Streets o ondon days afterwards . (Smith s f L , 1 4 pp . 77 9 )

GREAT RUSSELL STREET . Holborn .

a In this street John Le Neve , the antiqu ry ,

1 6 . was born in 79 Here , too , was the resi 1 0 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

of dence John Philip Kemble , the great actor . ’ K e mb le s 8 — house , No . 9 afterwards the of l residence Sir Henry El is , the Principal — Librarian of the British Museum was taken down in 1 847 t o make room for the new build M No 2 ings required by the useum . At . 7 , w as Great Russell Street , Sir Sidney Smith 1 28 residing in 8 . The chief obj ect of interest in this street M now is unquestionably ontague House , M converted into the British useum . This magnificent mansion was originally built 1 6 8 of M in 7 by Ralph , first Duke ontague , Ambassador t o France in the reign of William in 1 686 III . It was destroyed by fire , but was shortly afterwards rebuilt by M Lord ontague with increased Splendour . M Pou h e t The architect was a . g , who laid ou t the buildings and gardens entirely on

the French model . Even the staircases and ceilings at Montague Hou se w ere painted by ’ ndon . Lo . French artists (Jesse s , vol iii , 1 —6 p . 3 5 The British Museum originated with a 1 bequest made by Sir Hans Sloane in 75 3 . He directed that his library of volumes should be handed over to the Government on condition of being paid t o his family less than it is said to have c h im of ost . By means a lottery , upwards of su m was raised , and the required

was thereupon paid for the Sloane library . of This , with the Hamilton collection Roman

1 0 4 HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON

T T . GREA URNSTILE Holborn . i r e Named from the turning stile wh ch , th e ’ i s centur es since , stood at the end next Lincoln Inn Fields t o prevent the straying of cattle — . h as therefrom Gate Street , north west , ’ Ti b s s Cu riosi ies a similar origin . ( m t of ondon L , p . A narrow passage for pedestrians leading L ’ to incoln s Inn Fields , a large and noble of a square composed stately houses . Sever l

of the houses were built by Inigo Jones , and he gave to the ground - plot of the square the exact dimensions of one of the pyramids of ’ ll London Street i s V ew . Egyp t . (Ta is s )

. l GREAT WINDMILL STREET Piccadil y .

So called from a windmill which formerly ’ Streets o ondon stood there . (Smith s f L ,

p .

GREEK STREET . Soho . Dates from the year Pennant con Siders that it s name is a corruption of Grig it Street , but was more probably derived from of a colony merchants from the Levant , for whose use a Greek church was built hard

by . Here w as the residence of Sir Thomas al of a Lawrence , so the headquarters Josi h ’ L We dgew ood s ondon business . (Thom ’ d n ld and e on o . O N w . bury s L , vol iii , p in 1 80 Here Douglas Jerrold was born 3 , his of father being lessee the Sheerness Theatre . HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 0 5

E . GR EN STREET . Grosvenor Square m al In this street lived Sydney S ith , so the 6 1 No. L ch . famous ord Co rane , Hampden is of of House , the residence the Duke

ai M . M a . r . Abercorn . ( yf , G E itton , p

GRESHAM STREET . City F r Named from Sir Thomas Gresham . o Cat e at on or n merly Street , Catte , Ketto Street when changed t o its present name it also swallowed up Lad Lane and part of M L of i aiden ane . One the most mportant of old h the coaching inns , the Swan wit La Tw o d L . s Necks , stood in ane From thi place an amazing number of coaches and

wagons set ou t every day .

E . GREVI LLE STR ET . Hatton Garden

l Derives its name from Fulke Grevi le , L and ord Brooke , the accomplished poet ' cou rtier in the reigns of Elizabeth and of James I , as well as the intimate friend o Sir Philip Sidney . Brooke House stood n the immediate Site of Brooke Street and ’ n n do . ll . Lo Grevi e Street (Jesse s , vol iii , p 87

’

GROCERS HALL COURT . City , 3 5 , Poul

try . ’ l Formerly Grocers A ley . Strype speaks of ’ a Grocers Alley as an ordin ry lane , generally - call e d s u n in inhabited by alehouse keepers , p g g ’ at n l . Lar a v o . . houses (Jesse s , ii , p ’ Grocers Alley ‘ was formerly call ed Cony 1 0 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

Con h o . : e hope Lane Stow says y p Lane , of old time so called of such a Sign of three conies hanging over a poulterer ’ s stall at the ’ lane s end . Within this lane standeth the ’ of old Grocers Hall , which Company being fir time called Pepperers , was st incorporated ’ 1 St r e s by the name of Grocers in 345 . ( yp Stow , Bk . iii , p .

G W 1 ROSVENOR SQUARE . ( . Built on the property of Sir Richard

and . Grosvenor , named after him In this

square lived Bishop Warburton . The Mar of o i quis R ck ngham , when driven from the

1 66 . Premiership in 7 , was also living here Lord North was another Prime Minister w h o ’ nd n l Lo o v o . i . resided here . (Jesse s , , p G UILDHALL (THE) . City . At the end of King Street in Guildhall of of Yard is the Guildhall the City London , 1 1 0 commenced in 4 , but not completed till

the Sixteenth century . It suffered severely so in the Great Fire , but solid was its masonry that it was able to defy the fury of the raging e old oak lement , though its fine roof was u nfortunately destroyed Its principal

feature is the great hall , which presents a V ery imposing appearance . In the h all are monuments to the memory of the of son g reat Earl Chatham ; his illustrious , Will iam Pitt Lord Nelson and the Duke of Wellington . Here also are conspicuous t h e fantastic - looking figures known as Gog

1 08 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

GUNPOWDER ALLEY . City , Shoe Lane . L Richard ovelace , the poet , had his last o 1 6 8 l dging here , and died in 5 in his forty w as eighth year . He the eldest son of L of Sir William ovelace Woolwich , and of L L nephew ord ovelace , and inherited a h considerable fortune . He ruined imself ,

however , in the service of Charles I . He was ’ of C buried at the west end St . Bride s hurch ’ t et nd n . S re s o o o . yard (Smith s f L , p

1 GUTTER LANE . City , 3 3 , Cheapside .

t o Gu t h eran Name said be derived from , of a Dane , who lived here before the time ll o Wi iam the Conquer r .

H ll HALF MOON STREET . Piccadi y . 1 0 Built in 73 , derives its name from the al f M - H oon public house , which stood at 1 68 the corner . Boswell lodged here in 7 . ’ d n ol on o v . (Jesse s L , i , p .

P . HAMILTON LACE . Hyde Park Corner

Derives its name from James Hamilton , of Ranger of the Park in the reign Charles II . as on of It w the site Hamilton Place where , on the threatened approach of Charles I 1 6 2 of L and his army in 4 , the citizens ondon hastily threw up a large fort and four bas HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 0 9

tions , in which zealous work they were enthusiastically aided by their wives and of of daughters . At the time the battle of Waterloo , No . 4 was the residence the ’ ndon v ol of o . Duke Wellington . (Jesse s L , i ,

p .

HAMPSTEAD. The name of this borough is clearly derived hamor hame ste de from , a home and e , h as a place , and consequently the same a in ‘ ‘ me n as . g homestead Seymour , writing 1 u of in 73 5 , gives a q aint description Hamp

stead as follows . This village is much more frequented by good company can e than well be exp cted , considering its t o vicinity London , but such care has been taken to discourage the meaner sort from making it a place of residence that it is now

become , after Scarborough and Bath and u one of s T nbridge , the Politest Public Place amst ad M H e . in England . ( p , G . E itton ,

p .

HAMPSTEAD HEATH . (N Charles Dickens often used to ride out here ’ of k a wee end to Jack Straw s Castle . This is a not e d hostelry named after the house of of Jack Straw , second in command Wat ’ Tyler s rioters . Jack Straw was hanged at Smit h field , and confessed before his execution that it had been resolved by the leaders of the insurrection t o sack and burn the City of

London . 1 1 0 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON M HA PSTEAD ROAD . (N

On the Site of the New River Reservoir , on of l the east side Hampstead Road , stood , ti l 1 808 old the year , the building marked in ’ of L as n maps ondon Ki g John s Palace . On ’

the east Side also is St . James s Chapel , where lie the remains of Lord George Gordon the principal cause of the Protestant Riots 1 80 in 7 . Here also lie buried the eminent HO ner painters John pp and George Morland . ’ ndon Lo . . (Jesse s , vol i , p

HANGING SWORD ALLEY . Whitefriars

Street . Stow says the name is derived from a house

called the Hanging Sword .

HANOVER COURT . Long Acre . Evidently named in honour of the house of

Hanover . Formerly called Phoenix Alley .

Here the celebrated John Taylor , the Water of Poet , kept his tavern during the days

the Civil Wars and the Commonwealth . ’ nd n Lo o . . (Jesse s , vol i , p

2 1 HANOVER SQUARE . 9 , Oxford Street . W 1 ( . . ) F s a Th e or se e u r . derivation , p Site on which 1 1 6 l it stands was , as late as 7 , stil open Cob country . Here resided Richard , Lord irnmort alise d ham , by Pope ; and here , in ’ 1 2 79 , at the corner house of Prince s Street

and Hanover Square , the celebrated naval ’ commander Lord Rodney died . (Jesse s Lond n l o v o . , . i , p

1 1 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

HARLEY STREET . Cavendish Square .

Named after Edward Harley , second Earl of of Oxford and Mortimer , the founder the wh o 1 1 Harleian Library , died in 74 . Frances , V of Dowager iscountess Nelson , widow the 1 8 1 8 r 6 . g eat Nelson , died here in 3 , aged Barry Cornwall lived with his family at

N 1 . il i o. 3 , Upper Harley Street W l am Ewart ’ No Lond n . . o Gladstone lived at 73 (Jesse s , l v o . . i , pp 43

i . HART STREET . City , Crutched Fr ars

’ is . C In this street St lave s Church , a small but interesting church dedicated to or i of St . Olave , Olaf , a Norwegian sa nt the as eleventh century . This w the parish church

a - ttended by the gossiping , good humoured of Secretary the Admiralty , Samuel Pepys . i He and his w fe were buried here . In this

street , four doors from Mark Lane , stood an ancient mansion styled in the old leases ’ ” Wh it t in t ons t o g Palace , and said have of Wh been the residence Richard ittington , ’ of ondon Lord Mayor London . (Jesse s L , 2 6 vol . i , pp . 3

H D . ATTON GAR EN . Holborn Derives its name from being the Site where the house and gardens of the Hatton family w as formerly stood . Hatton House origi n Sir L ally built by Christopher Hatton , ord K eeperinthe reign of Queen Elizabeth ; he was ’

a re at c ou rt ier n. g and an eminent statesma , HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 1 1 3

Here the great Lord Keeper breathed his 1 1 of last in 59 , the victim , it is said , abroken r rn of hea t , occasioned by a ste demand Elizabeth f or the amount of an old debt due w as not h is o t o her which it in power t pay . l i 5 London v o . ii . (Jesse , , p

HAY HILL . Berkeley Square . Derives its name from a property called on i . Hay Hill Farm , which was th s site ’ l ondon v o . (Jesse s L , i , p .

HAYDON SQUARE . Minories . r an With Haydon Street , named from Alde m

- un dl . Haydon , the gro d lan ord Close by were

u 1 8 2 - fo nd , in 5 , sculptured grave stones and in 1 8 a —all of urns , and 53 a sarcoph gus

Roman work . In this square lived Sir Isaac Newton when Master of the Mint ; h is house was taken ’ 1 2 Timb s s u ri si s down about 85 . ( C o tie of n ondo . L , p

1 M ll HAYMARKET . , Pall a . Hay was sold here in the rei gn of Eliza ’ ' beth ; and Aggas s plan h as the Hay in market , with hedgerows and a few straggl g r i houses , and washerwomen then d ied the r — ’ linen on the grass where His Maj esty s ’ Timb s s Cu riosi i Theatre now stands . ( t es of nd n o o . L , p

A very spacious and public street , length 3 40 yards where is a great market or hay and straw (Hatton , 8 1 1 4 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

HENRIETTA STREET . Cavendish Square .

i Name derived from Henrietta Cavend sh , wife of the Second Earl of Oxford and Mor ’ London v ol i . . i t mer (Jesse s , , p .

HENRIETTA STREET . Strand . So u of named from Henrietta , Q een Wh Charles I . Here died Paul itehead , the

in 1 . . a poet , . 774 Mrs Clive , the actress , lso ’ i S ets o resided in this street . (Sm th s tre f nd n o o . L , p

20 L HERTFORD STREET . , Park ane . in i Orig ally called Garrick Street . In th s street lived Richard Brinsley Sheridan at N 1 o. one time . At 4 resided the famous ’ nd n . o l . o v o . physician Dr Jenner (Jesse s L , i , p 3 7

HIGHBURY . This was originally a summer camp of was the Romans . The Manor given t o the of of 1 1 Priory St . John Jerusalem between 27 ’ 1 2 86 w as L and , and the ord Prior s country 1 1 residence , destroyed by Jack Straw in 37 . ’ T i si i s o nd n imb s s Cu r o t e o o . ( f L , p

HIGHGATE . Name supposed to be derived from the tollgate that used t o stand at the entrance ’ t o of L t wo the Bishop ondon s park , a r of i l h sto ied house red br ck , bui t over an arc 1 6 Ski ts way that was pulled down in 7 9 . ( r M o he a it rs . t Gre t C . . . f y , A G Bell , p

1 1 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

HOLBORN BARS . The Bars were at one time the entrance t o of or w the City , and here a toll a penny t o pence was exacted from non - freemen wh o

entered the City with carts or coaches . Holborn ( , Besant and Mitton , p .

HOLLES STREET . Oxford Street . of Named from John Holles , Duke New L . w as 1 6 castle ord Byron born at No . , which is marked by a tablet recording the N 1 o. 6 fact . is now part of the premises M C occupied by essrs . John Lewis o.

HOLLY BUSH HILL . Hampstead . of Is associated with the name Romney ,

the artist , who lived here and built a studio 1 a s ad M 6 H mte . . in 79 . ( p , G E itton , p . D HOLYWELL ROW AN LANE . Shoreditch .

Named from a sacred or holy well near 1 1 2 which a priory was built . Before 7 the well and part of a field had been given to some religious women and the priory w as of built to the honour Christ , the Blessed f or V . irgin Mary , and St John Baptist , Shoredit ch nuns of the Benedictine Order . ( ,

Besant , p . IT DSD CH . HOUN . City From Aldgate north - west t o Bishopsgate lieth the ditch of the City called Hounds old ditch , for that in time , when the same lay

open , much filth (conveyed from the City) , HI STORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 1 7

or especially dead dogs , were laid there ’

l . Stow v o . cast . (Kingsford s , i , p 1 0 Hou ndsdit ch was first paved in 5 3 . ’ ‘ This is the centre of the Jews quarter . ’ rul n Timb s s Cu riosities o Lo o . ( f , p

HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT (THE) . West

minster . Often described as the noblest block of

buildings in England , the present magnificent Hous es of Parliament were commenced by 1 8 of Sir Charles Barry in 3 7 , the Old Houses 1 Parliament having been burned down in 83 4 . About three years were occupied in erecting

- l the river Side wa l , the foundations of the 1 8 0 Houses themselves being b egun in April 4 . of The building this huge palace , which was V Opened by Queen ictoria , occupied nineteen

years , the cost being

H OWARD STREET . Strand . a of Named from Thomas How rd , Earl M Arundel . Here lived William ountfort , the wh o actor , was murdered before his own door 1 f M 2 . as o in 69 He w a friend rs . Brace dl wh o gir e , the famous and beautiful actress , ’ Timb s s also had lodgings in this street . ( C i sities o ndon u r o o . f L , p

HOXTON . Shoreditch . of Here was the mansion Oliver , third f h o i 1 1 8 . o w n 6 Lord St John Bletsoe , died .

It was in Hoxton Fields that Gabriel Spenser , w as the actor , killed in a duel by Ben Jonson . ’ ondon (Jesse s L , vol . iii , p . 1 1 8 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

HUGGIN LANE . City . So of one called Hugan who lived there .

He was called Hugan in the Lane . (Kings ’

Stow . . ford s , vol i , p

HYDE PARK . Was formerly much celebrated f or it s deer

- hunts , foot and horse races , musters and

- - coach races , boxing matches and Mayings . ’ Timb s s u riosities o London ( C f , p . t of Domesda B ook About the ime y , the manor of Eia was divided into three smaller e t e Eab ur manors , called respectively N y , y , and l Hyde . The latter sti l lives and flourishes as

a royal park under its ancient name , no doubt o of f Saxon origin . The manor Neyt e became of of the property the Abbey Westminster , of i as did also that Hyde , wh ch remained in the hands of the monks until seized upon by King Henry VIII at the time of the Reforma ’ tion . Henry s main obj ect in appropriating this e state seems to have been to extend his hunting- grounds to the north and west of

London . He had previously purchased that of plot ground which afterwards became St . ’ M James s Park . arylebone Park (now the Regent ’ s Park and surrounding districts) formed already part of the royal domain ; of and thus the manor Hyde , connected with

these , gave him an uninterrupted hunting ground which extended from h is palace of in t o Westm ster Hampstead Heath . In July 1 53 6 a proclamation was issued in

1 20 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

been the palace of Henry VIII and Cardinal o t e of W lsey, still bears h Arms the Inner —a Temple winged horse (Pegasus) . The lane leads t o the celebrated Temple K 1 1 8 Church , built by the nights Templar in 5 .

I RONMONGER LANE . City . So called from ironmongers dwelling there . ’ ’ In this lane is the Mercers Hall . (Kingsford s ol Stow v . . , i , p

ISLI NGTON . a Iseldon Yseldon E seldon C lled also , , y , I e ndu ne I sondon s . , and It was once as famous f or its cheese - cakes as Chelsea for its buns ; and among its other notabilities ruans were custards and stewed p , its ’ mineral spa and its ducking- ponds—Ball s of Pond dating from the time Charles I . ’ T riosi s o ondon imb s s Cu tie . ( f L , p

F E . ISLE O DOGS . ( ) SO l our i ca led because , when former pr nces i made Greenwich the r country seat , and used is f or it for hunting , it said the kennels their ’ on S e dogs were kept this marsh . ( t ryp s

Stow . , Appendix , p

I Y . V . LANE City , Paternoster Row So called on account of the ivy which grew onthe walls of the prebendal houses belonging ’

. on to St Paul s . These were afterwards c f i verted into public o f ces , which were de L ne ‘ o i . a is n w stroyed by the Great F re Ivy , Row of with Paternoster , part the great l r of . hive the bookse le s Here Dr . Johnson HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 2 1

one of u held his favo rite literary clubs . ’ Streets o ondon (Smith s f L , p .

J

JAMAICA ROAD . Bermondsey . Named from a once - popular place of resort ' u f or called The Jamaica , famo s its rum from the West Indian island of the same

‘ t o h name . This rum used be landed at t e

Cherry Gardens Pier .

JAMES STREET . Covent Garden . a of N me derived from James , Duke York . i 1 David Garrick l ved here in 747 , the year in of which he became manager Drury Lane . ’ n n o 1 Lo do v l . (Jesse s , . i , pp 34

- Here , formerly , a bird market was held ’ on Timb s s Cu riosities o Sunday mornings . ( f nd n Lo o . , p

JERMYN STREET . 4s, Haymarket . Named after the owner of this and neigh b ou rin of g streets , Jermyn , Earl St . Albans , incompliment t o whom the armorial bearings of that family are displayed over the south ’ ’ entrance of St . James s Church . (Smith s Streets o ondon f L , p .

No 6 . . 7 , Jermyn Street (formerly the St ’ of James s Hotel) , was the scene almost the ’ last sufferings of Sir Walter Scott . (Jesse s ndon o v ol . L , i , p . From 1 675 t o 1 68 1 the great Duke of an Marlborough , then the young and h dsome l ll on Colone John Churchi , lived the south 1 2 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

of . side Jermyn Street Gray , the poet , ’ Ti b s s lodged here at the east end . ( m i i n n Cu rios t es o o do . f L , p

’ JERUSALEM PASSAGE . St . John s Square ,

Finsbury . It is probable that this avenue received

- old . its name from an public house , the St of al John Jerus em , which , until the year

1 60 - of 7 , stood at the north east corner it . ’ Pink is l nwell s s H tor o C erke . ( y f , p

JEWIN STREET . City , Cripplegate . So called from being for long a burying of place the Jews . In this street lived John Milton until the breaking - ou t of the Great ’

t o . Plague , when he retired Chalfont (Jesse s ondon L , vol . iii , p .

’

CI t V 1 66 . JOHNSON S COURT . , Fleet Street

1 6 At No . 7 Samuel Johnson lived from 7 5 ’ 1 6 Timb s s Cu iosit ies o London . r to 77 ( f , 0 p . 3 5 ) Here Theodore Hook started the johnB u ll ’ 1 8 20 M odernHistor newspaper in . (Welch s y o the Cit o ondon f y f L , p .

JOHNSON STREET . Somers Town . 1 i No . 3 , where Dickens once l ved , as i ndicated by a Dickens memorial tablet , is ’ now Co erfield s L known as David pp ibrary , where the children of the neighbourhood are r m encou aged to read and study . In a co er of the yard is a copper j ust like the one in

1 24 HI STORIC STREETS OF LONDON

K KENSINGTON GORE ensington Road .

i i K n s ore—first l Or g nally called y g g y, because it belonged t o the king and secondly from ul ore old its pec iar shape , g , an English word , ” of meaning a narrow Slip land , according ’ t o old M emorials o glossaries . (Davis s f K ni htsbrid e g g , p .

KILBURN .

ol - Named from C d bourne , a stream which rises near \Vest End and passes through ’ Timb s s u riosities Kilburn to Bayswater . ( C o London f , p .

KING STREET . Covent Garden .

Derives its name from King Charles I .

James Quin , the actor , was born in this street , 1 and here David Garrick was lodging in 745 . ’ nd n 1 Lo o . . (Jesse s , vol i , pp 3 4

In this street lived the father of Dr . Arne Ar he was an upholsterer . Young ne was i h is born here , and became a mus cian against ’ father s will ; he is said to have practised on in a garret , a muffled Spinet , when the ’ l ondon family were gone t o bed . (Tal is s L Street Views . )

KING STREET . Westminster . li Renamed after King Charles II . O ver Cromwell resided here previous t o his usurpa i of i t on . Here , in the reign Elizabeth , l ved f or i a Short time , and d ed , the great poet ’ n Londo . Edmund Spenser . (Jesse s , vol i 1 pp . 57 HI STORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 2 5

This was once the principal street of the i of of C ty Westminster , and in the time Henry VIII had gardens or meadowland on o the east side reaching down t the river . i w as The Cockp t at the north end , and the High Gate of Richard I I at the southern i extremity . In succeeding re gns the carriage way was in such a ruinous condition that faggots had t o be thrown into the ruts t o facil itate the passage of the royal carriages when the king went t o Parliament . Doubt less this street witnessed the deaths of some of on 2 the incautious crowds , when , October 4 , 1 of 597 , at the opening the session , divers t o people were smothered and crushed death , pressing betwixt Whitehall and the College t o Ma est ie Church , have seen her j and i n t o nobility r di g the said Parliament . dl Du ey , the second Lord North , had a 1 6 6 house here , about 4 , which was remarkable

as . being the first brick house in it His son , ar Sir Dudley , was stolen by begg s , and retaken in an alley while he w as being stripped of his clothes . Through this street K ing Charles I was brought onhis way to his trial in Westminster i Hall , wh le people came forth from their stalls and workshops t o lament and pray for

In 1 68 1 there was but one coach running to t hi arish s p , and it is thus noticed in a small ’ of : Mr coach ‘ coms book the day . Burt s e t o the George in King Street , Westminster , 1 2 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

d ou t r from Win sor , in and eve y day . ’ M emorials o s We tminster (Walcott s f , pp . 69 4 7 1 ) D KING EDWAR STREET . City , Newgate

Street . a VI wh o N med in compliment to Edward , ’ - b founded the near y Christ s Hospital .

Formerly named Stinking Lane , then Chick La - n ne , then Blow Bladder Street , the ’ - L M d n is Butcher Hall ane . (Welch s o er H tory i ndon o the t o Lo . f C y f , p

KI NG WI LLIAM STREET . City . I Derived its name from William V . K ’ ING S HEAD COURT . City , Fish Street

Hill . ’ Named from the old King s Head

Tavern formerly here . ’ l KING S ROAD . Che sea . f 8 0 named in honour o Charles I I . It was

notorious in it s early days . for footpads and

robbers . There was an attempt made at first to keep the road f or the use of the royal a d on wh o family , n later , those had the privilege of using it had metal tickets given t o w as f or them , and it not opened public a hel . fi 1 8 0 C se . . traf c until 3 . ( , G E Mitton , ed

Besant , p .

KINNERTON STREET . Wilton Place . So called from an estate belonging to the ’ M emorials o Grosvenor family . (Davis s f K ni h id e tsbr . g g , p

1 2 8 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

w as i a savage man stand ng by a bell . The

question therefore is , whether the name of the inn was originally derived from Isabel (Bel) dl of Savage , the lan ady , or the Sign the Bell and as Savage ; or whether it was , the S ectator p cleverly suggests , from La Belle ' Sauvage , the beautiful savage , which

d erivation is very generally received . (Thom ’ ld and N e ndon l O o v o . . bury s w L , i , p

In Bell Savage Yard lived Grinling Gibbons . Here Sir Thomas Wyatt ’ s rebellion was ’ Timb s s u riosities nd . o Lo on stopped ( C f , p 53 9 )

LAMBETH ROAD . Here Hogarth lived when assisting to

decorate Vauxhall .

’

L M . A B S CONDUIT STREET Holborn .

one Derives its name from William Lamb , wh o an ancient clothworker , erected a water 1 conduit on its Site in 577 . This was taken 1 u down in 746 . In the reign of Q een Anne Lamb ’ s Conduit Fields formed a favourite of L promenade for the citizens ondon . ’

nd n . o o . (Jesse s L , vol iii , p

LANCASTER STREET . Southwark .

Name derived from Joseph Lancaster , founder of the British and Foreign School

Society . AN LANGHAM PLACE D STREET . Portland

Place .

Named from Sir James Langham , whose HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 1 2 9

mansion and grounds occupied the site of the

latter .

LANT STREET . Southwark Bridge Road .

Dickens had lodgings in a back attic in this street while working at the blacking

factory . LL LEADENHA STREET . City .

So called from Leaden Hall , a large and ponderous - looking mansion inhabited about 1 1 08 the year 3 09 by Sir Hugh Nevill e . In 4 w as M it purchased by Whittington , Lord ayor of r o London , who presented it to the Co p ra ’ n l nd v o . o o . tion . (Jesse s L , ii , p

LEATHER LANE . Holborn .

- Probably named from leather sellers here .

LEICESTER SQUARE . of Named from the Earls Leicester , who t w o or lived here . Here also lived three n great painters . Sir Joshua Rey olds at No . 47 , and died there . Hogarth also lived and died in a house On the east Side of the ’ nd n l o o v o . . square . (Jesse s L , i , p M LI E STREET . City . Name derived from the making and selling ’ l of Stow v o . lime there . (Kingsford s , i , M LI EHOUSE . Stepney .

So l ' - ca led from a lime kiln , generally known

- as the lime house , which stood here . (Wal ’ Greater'Lond n l o v o . ford s , i; p . 9 1 3 0 HISTORI C STREETS O F LONDON By coach to Captain Marshe ’ s at Lime house—to a house which hath been their ’ 2 0 ancestors for this 5 years , close by the

- lime house , which gives the name to the ” ’ Pe s s Diar place . ( py y , October 9 ,

’ INN LINCOLN S . Holborn . Derives its name from having been the site of al or inne of the p ace , , Henry de Lacy , of L third and last Earl incoln . After his n death , his palace , together with some adj oi ing land passed into the hands of a of of n society members the law , who , retaini g of I nne the name Lincoln , founded here the ’ of ondon present famous Inn Court . (Jesse s L , l v o . . i , p 1 1 8 Note the fine Tudor gateway , dated 5 , remembering that there is brickwork here

about actually done by Ben Jonson , when ’ w as he a bricklayer s apprentice , a trowel in

his hand and a book in his pocket . (Sala ’ ondonPast and Present man s L , p . ’ To L w incoln s Inn , and there alked up and down to se e the new garden which they n ill so are maki g , and w be very pretty , and

to walk under the chapel by agreement . ’ Pe s s Diar 2 ( py y , June 7 , Here Lord Tennyson dined with Count ’ d sa W n Or y and others . hile visiti g his S e ddin friend James p g , who had chambers 60 at No . , Tennyson wrote the greater part of The Princess . John Forster , the great of 8 friend Dickens , lived at No . 5 .

1 3 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

t h is st re e t of In also the Duke Cumberland , ' of M brother George II I , married iss Horton , M a air M the actress . ( yf , G . E . itton , p .

LIVERPOOL STREET . City . M Named after Lord Liverpool , Prime inis ’ 1 8 1 2—2 Harb en s Dic i nar nd n . t o o o o ter 7 ( y f L , p 3 56)

LOMBARD STREET . City . So named from the money—dealers who

came from Lombardy , and first established

of - n the trade money lendi g in England , and

who took up their abode in this street , and f or chiefly inhabited it more than a century . The birthplace of Pope is said to have been

in this street . In Lombard Street resided

the princely merchant Sir Thomas Gresham , ’ of the founder the Royal Exchange . (Smith s ndon Streets o o . f L , p

LONDON WALL . City . So call ed as having t h e City wall running ’ St r e s St w . . o along the north side ( yp , Bk ii ,

p . E LONG ACR . Drury Lane . V This , in the reign of Henry I II , was an l row of open field , cal ed The Elms , from a

those trees that grew upon it . The next i name it acqu red was The Seven Acres , of which , in the reign Charles I , when it was ou t first laid into streets , was changed into

The Long Acre .

Taylor , the Water Poet , as he was called ,

- kept a public house in it .

1 3 4 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ of L ’ name ovell s Inn . (Smith s Streets of ondon L , p . V LOWER GROS ENOR PLACE . Mrs Here died the beautiful actress . Old ’

1 0 . ondon v ol field, in 73 (Jesse s L , . i , p .

LOWNDES SQUARE . of So named from William Lowndes , Ches — ’ ham , who was the ground landlord . (Davis s M emorials o ni K htsbrid e f g g , p . of w as The site the square once a coppice , which supplied the Abbot and Convent of ’ Timb s s Westminster with wood for fuel . ( Cu riosities o ondon f L , p .

LUDGATE HILL . City . ’ Row Formerly called Bowyer s , and derives its present name from one of the ancient of gates the City , which stood about the l of midd e the street . King Lud , a British i king , who lived , it is supposed , about s xty

Six years before the Christian era , gave name ’ t o Streets o ondon this gate . (Smith s f L , p M

2 2 1 MADDOX STREET . , Regent Street .

of 1 2 1 Built by the Earl Burlington in 7 ,

- and named after the ground landlord , Sir M Benj amin addox . At the end of this street ’ r of is the Chu ch St . George s , Hanover of Square , where a great number fashionable ’ e ondon marriag s are celebrated . (Tallis s L Street i s V ew . ) GA T E .

LUD ATE G .

1 3 6 HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON

MANRESA ROAD . Chelsea .

This is lined with studios , and abounds in

artists and sculptors . In this road are the Public Library and the Polytechnic for South of west London north the river . In the Library there is a collection of water- colour i ill of old paintings and pr nts ustrative Chelsea , and anyone who takes an interest in the mag nificent old mansions that made Chelsea a village of palaces will be well advised t o go se e to what these buildings were actually like . Ch elsea M ( , G . E . itton , ed . by Besant , p .

MANSION HOUSE . City . of Built after the design George Dance , on then City Surveyor , the first stone was laid 2 1 M t o October 5 , 73 9 . The first Lord ayor i w h o nhabit it was Sir Crisp Gascoyne , took ’ 1 up his residence there in 753 . (Jesse s ondon v ol L , . ii , p .

MARBLE ARCH . This famous structu re originally stood in of front Buckingham Palace . M M ARCH ONT STREET . Bloomsbury Square .

No 2 6 1 8 1 Shelley lived at . in 5 with his

second wife , and here their first child was

born . 1 MARGARET STREET . , Cavendish Square .

M Derives its name from argaret , wife ’ of o the second Duke f Portland . (Jesse s ondon v ol L , . i , p . HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 1 3 7

MARK LANE . City . M Anciently called art Lane , and once used ’ to be a public mart . Here Milton s friend Cyriac Skinner carried on the occupation of VI of a merchant . In the reign Edward of un we find Henry , Earl Ar del , residing ’ don ol on v . . here . (Jesse s L , ii , p

MARSHAM STREET . Westminster , 74 ,

Horse ferry Road . M So called from Charles arsham , Earl of Romney .

MARYLEBONE .

- - - . a on Corrupted from St M ry the Bourne ,

or M - on- - n . bou r e , rather , St ary the River ,

being the Saxon name for a river . It may be mentioned that in the theatre of the old Marylebone Gardens Charles Dib din and ’ deb u s Bannister made their t . (Jesse s nd n l o o v o . L , i , p .

MARYLEBONE ROAD .

of - le - At the Chapel St . Mary bone , which formerly occupied the Site of the present C 1 60 6 hurch , Lord Bacon was married in ;

the Brownings also were married there .

Lord Byron was christened at the church . M ’ ASON S AVENUE . City , Coleman Street .

Name derived from the Freemasons . For many years The Freemasons ’ Tavern in this avenue was the meeting and dining

place of various lodges . After many vicis 1 3 8 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

sit u des in recent years , the building is now

owned by the Russian Government . Formerly 1 6 1 6 known as Rose Court , here , in , William Butler opened a tavern especially t o dispense of So a brew ale invented by himself . so excellent was it , and much in favour with —S0 — high and low , that the story goes the reigning monarch conferred upon the tavern of kmeeper the degree Doctor . From that ti e the tavern was known as The Dr . ’ ’ no w . Butler s Head , Ye Olde Dr Butler s

Head . It is still there , doing a roaring

trade after more than three hundred years , not l and if wholly the original bui ding , the

interior is practically the same . Said to possess the oldest licence as a tavern in the not f or City , it is well worth a visit , and its

Old associations alone .

MAYFAIR . ’

. of St . James s Fair , held in the month of May in Brook Field , acquired the name Ma y Fair . It gave the now fashionable quarter in which it was held the name of M ayfair . Ma n y Fair was granted by Ki g James I I , of in the fourth year his reign , to Sir John Coe ll h is f or and heirs for ever , in trust Henry ,

Lord Dover and his heirs for ever . It was

- field on held in Brook , commenced the first of Ma n y and lasted fifteen days , but was fi ally ’ n 1 08 Streets o ondon put dow in 7 . (Smith s f L ,

p .

1 40 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON — Mordau nt s of mansion of the , Earls Pete r ’ nd n . l o o v o . borough (Jesse s L , i , p .

MILLFIELD LANE . Highgate .

Charles Mathews , the famous comedian ,

dwelt here for many years , at Ivy Cottage , Mill fie ld now enlarged and known as House . Millfield Cottage was for a time a favourite of Skirts o the Grea retreat John Ruskin . ( f t it C . . . y , Mrs A . G Bell , p

MILLWALL . Named from a number of windmills stand ing along the river - wall on the west side of l the marsh . These mil s were seven in num

- i ber , and occupied the marsh wall overlook ng ’ Greater ondon Deptford . (Walford s L , vol . i , 8 p . 5 3 )

’

M . ILMAN STREET Chelsea , King s Road .

M Derives its name from Sir William ilman , wh o 1 1 f or died in 7 3 , the estate having been ’ Fau lkener s some years in his possession . ( a Chelse . , p

MILTON STREET . City , Cripplegate .

Formerly Grub Street . The offensive term Grub Street is thought t o have been of first applied to the writings John Foxe ,

the martyrologist , who lived here . Grub Street was formerly much inhabited by of writers small histories , dictionaries , and temporary poems whence any mean produc

- tion is called Grub street (Johnson) . The HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 4 1

l u - Doctor himse f was but a Gr b street man , M l paid by the sheet . The poet i ton lived here , ’ a Timb s s Cu riosities hence its present n me . ( o London f , p . M INCING LANE . City . Minch e on so l of Lane , cal ed tenements there sometime pert ayning t o the Minch u ns N u nne s of i or St . Helens in B shopsgate ” ’

w ol . . st re e t e . Sto v (Kingsford s , i , p

MINORIES . City .

Named from a convent of the nuns of St .

- a M inoresses 1 2 . Clare , c lled the , founded in 93 ’ Timb s s u iosities o ondon C r . ( f L , p M ITRE COURT . Hatton Garden , Holborn .

Derives its name from the resi dence of the

of . Bishops Ely , which once stood near here as of Worked into the wall , the Sign a public u house , is a mitre sc lptured in stone (with the date which probably once decorated ’ Tims on b s u ri siti s o ond . C o e Ely Palace ( f L ,

p . MON KELL STREET . City , Cripplegate .

So called from a well at the north end , where the Abbot Of Garendon had a cell ; ’ wherefore the well was called Monk s Well . ’ Stow v ol (Kingsford s , . i , p . M MONTAGUE STREET and SQUARE . ary le b on e .

Named from Mrs . Montague , the famous

- blue stocking . 1 42 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

MONTPELIER SQUARE . Brompton . So called from the salubrity of its air (Montpelier is said to be the Cheltenham of ’ 1 8 France) . Built about 3 7 . (Davis s ni h s rid e M emorials o K t b . f g g , p

6 1 . MOORFIELDS . City , , Fore Street of Moorfields c on In the days Charles I I , of sisted large fenny pastures , which were favourite places of recreation for the citizens

of - of London and the scene wrestling matches ,

- rac es f oot b all foot , , boxing , archery, and every ’ nd n of . o o kind manly recreation (Jesse s L , v ol . ii , p .

MOORGATE . City . Named from a postern made in the City wall to lead ou t into the moor of London Mo fi l s ( or e d ) .

MORNINGTON PLACE . of n Named from the Earl Morni gton , of brother the Duke of Wellington , and

- Governor General of India .

Here Tennyson lodged for a short time , and here he left behind him and nearly lost M ” MS of . the original . In emoriam It was

recovered by Coventry Patmore .

2 6 MORTIMER STREET 3 , Regent Street .

Derives its name from the Earldom of M Nolle kins ortimer . Here died Joseph , the ’

ondon v ol . . sculptor . (Jesse s L , i , p

HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 1 43

. MOTCOMBE STREET . Belgrave Square

Named after the Dorsetshire property of the Dowager Marchioness of Westminster . M M a air . . . ( yf , G E itton , p

MOUNT STREET . Berkeley Square . ’ So called from the Fort of Oliver s Mount ; was rebuil t with ornamental red V al brick houses . It contains the estry H l —now the Registry Office for the district

M a air . . 1 8 . 8 . built 7 ( yf , G E Mitton , p

I O M NASSAU STREET . , ortimer Street .

So named in compliment t o the royal house

from which King William II I sprang . (Thorn ’ ld and ew nd n O N o o . bury s L , vol . iv , p

NATIONAL GALLERY (THE) . Trafalgar

Square . of old Stands on the site the Royal stables , ll and was commenced by Wi iam Wilkins , R A 1 8 2 in 3 . There were some curious

conditions . A roadway which had existed when the stables were there had t o be left

open ; a portico from Old Carlton House , a of IV d residence George , had to be incorporate . ’ w as M It a provision that St . artin s Church not not h n Should be hidden , and more t a

was to be Spent . 1 44 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

NEW BOND STREET . Oxford Street .

. 1 1 m No 4 in this street is memorable fro having been the residence of Lord Nelson

previous to his departure for Trafalgar . ’ Timb s s ond n n o a d Westminster ( L , vol . ii

p .

NEW BRIDGE STREET . Blackfriars .

Stands where the Fleet River flowed , in the immediate vicinity of which a monastery of the Black Friars formerly stood . The precinct is rendered famous for the residence of V wh o Sir Anthony andyke , the painter , of died here also Sir Samuel Luke , the model of Butler s Hu dibras ; Sir Anthony Ashley of Cooper , afterwards the famous Earl al Shaftesbury and Isaac Oliver , an unriv led

- of miniature painter the seventeenth century . ’ n n i ws (Tallis s L o do Street V e . ) M NEW CO PTON STREET . Charing Cross

Road .

So named after Bishop Compton . Strype says Al l this part was very meanly built

and greatly inhabited by French , and — of the poorer sort a character it retains l n bor . t o Ho . this day . ( , Besant and G E M itton , p .

NEWGATE STREET . City . Said to have been originally Chamberlain ’ s M Gate . The etropolitan Prison of Newgate stood on the Site of one of the gates of the

. ancient city , known by the same name Among famous literary denizens of Newgate

HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 45

ll Prison may be mentioned Wi iam Penn , and Richard Sava e George Wither , Defoe . Originally There was no other passage through the walls of London on the western side but Ludgate but in consequence of the inclosure and enlargement of the cemetery ’ M of . St Paul s Cathedral by aurice , first of L Norman Bishop ondon , the avenue from Cheapside to Ludgate w as rendered SO inc on v e nie nt that it was deemed requisite to open h another passage t rough the wall . At this

new outlet , which was made either in the of reign of Henry I or in that King Stephen , new w as as a gate built in the c tellated style , and every successive structure erected upon the same site h as been distinguished by a

Similar appellation . Pennant is of opinion that the gate was of a much earlier period , and states that as

a Roman way has been traced under it , there no of was , doubt , a gate here in the time the ’ Streets o . ondon Romans (Smith s f L , p .

M 0 NEW AN STREET . 9 , Oxford Street . N o 1 At . 4 , Benj amin West , the historical 1 8 20 painter , died in . Here also lived

Thomas Banks and John Bacon , both ’ ondon sculptors . (Jesse s L , vol . i , p .

NEW PALACE YARD . Westminster .

From the convenience which its Open space

afforded , this was frequently the scene where ll criminals were exposed in the pi ory . Here 1 46 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON the infamous Titus Oates was pill oried in the ' ’ re i n of ondon g James I I . (Jesse s L , vol . i ,

p . a NEWPORT COURT . Charing Cross Ro d .

Derives its name from Newport House , the M of residence of ountj oy Blount , Earl New ’ o d n . o o p rt (Jesse s L n , vol . i , p . S NEW QUEBEC TREET . Portman Square .

Commemorates the capture of Quebec by ’ 1 Th ornb u r s Old and General Wolfe in 75 9 . ( y N ew ndon v ol o i . . v L , , p L ’ NEW SQUARE . incoln s Inn . of Dickens , at the age fourteen , was employed in a solicitor ’ s office here for a

short time .

NICHOLAS LANE . City , Lombard Street .

So called from the Church of St . Nicholas Acon not , destroyed in the Great Fire and

rebuilt . Also supposed to be named after wh o Sir Nicholas Throgmorton , the banker , is said t o have been poisoned by Robert

dl of L 1 1 . Du ey , Earl eicester , in 57 Al NICHOLL SQUARE . City , dersgate Street .

This is the site of the gardens of the town

of . ar of mansion the E l Shaftesbury , which NO S 8 Al stood where . 3 7 and 3 , dersgate Street ,

HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 47

’ Timb s s ondon and Westminster now are . ( L ,

vol . ii , p .

NIGHTI NGALE LANE . Stepney . At one time a leafy lane in the country ; l ’ here King Charles I once kil ed a stag . (Jesse s don on . . L , vol ii , p

NORFOLK STREET . Park Lane .

Here lived Lord William Russell , who was murdered by his val et in 1 840 ; the Earl f 2 1 8 M a ai o . . r Dunraven lived at No 7 in 95 ( yf , M G . E . itton , p . a NORFOLK STREET . Str nd . k of Named from the Du edom Norfolk .

- Here , in a house near the water Side , lodged 1 8 — Peter the Great in 69 . At the south west l corner lived Wil iam Penn , the Quaker , and

founder of Pennsylvania . Here also lived ’ M Ti b s s Cu riosities . m ountfort , the player ( nd n o o o . f L , p U NORTH A DLEY STREET . Grosvenor

Square . So called after Hugh Audley of the Inner of Temple . The title a pamphlet , published in 1 662 : t , records his history The Way o of be Rich , according to the practice the w h o 200 in Great Audley , began with £ the 1 60 year 5 , and died worth this ’ 1 662 ndon as . o P t November , (Wheatley s L and Present v ol , . i , p . ’ No 2 6 At . once resided Horace Walpole s M M M accomplished favourites , iss ary and iss ’ d n . on o v ol 1 Agnes Berry (Jesse s L , . , p . 1 48 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

NORTH END . Hampstead Heath . This Charming spot still remains rural in appearance ; small cottages with red- tiled u roofs and quaint inns s rvive . The Bull and Bush is said t o have been the country of seat Hogarth , and later , when it became t o a tavern , have been visited by Sir Joshua

Reynolds , Garrick , Sterne , Foote , and other

celebrities . l Wi kie Collins was born at North End . amtead H s . . . ( p , G E Mitton , p

M NORTHU BERLAND AVENUE . Charing

Cross . on of Built the site Northumberland House . M 1 8 Was opened in arch 76 . The Strand por tion of the house is marked by the Grand of 1 880 c on Hotel , the opening which , in , was sidere d of so much importance that it was L f attended by the ord Mayor and the Sheri fs . ffi of The Constitutional Club , the o ces the

Royal Colonial Institute , and the head quarters oi the Society f or Promoting Chris

tian Knowledge , are in Northumberland The iterar Histor o the Adel hi Avenue . ( L y y f p and its N ei hbou rhood g , Austin Brereton ,

p .

M NORTHU BERLAND STREET . Charing

Cross .

Was formerly Hartshorn Lane , Where lived

the parents of the immortal Ben Jonson . ’ n ndo v ol . o . (Jesse s L , i , p

1 5 0 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

Arbur Court , where Oliver Goldsmith resided of h is in the outset career , in a wretched r one di ty room in which there was but chair , C f r and when he , from ivility , O fe ed it to a sit visitor , himself was obliged to in the ’ Streets o ondon Window . (Smith s f L , p .

ll OLD BOND STREET . 55 , Piccadi y .

Named after Sir Thomas Bond , Comp troller of the Household t o Queen Henrietta ’ M Timb s s Cu riosities o nd n . o o aria ( f L ,

p . i At his lodg ngs In Bond Street , De la M s 1 8 1 otte , the py , was arrested in 7 . The 1 6 great Lord Chatham lived here in 76 . 1 N 1 6 . O . Boswell lodged here in 7 9 At 4 , of TristramShand Lawrence Sterne , author y , ’ 1 8 ond n 6 o . . died in 7 . (Jesse s L , vol i , p

OLD BROAD STREET . City . AS of a late as the reign Ch rles I , this was one o L f the most fashionable streets in ondon . One of the most distinguished inhabitants one at time was the great surgeon , Sir Astley ’ Cooper . He was then attached to Guy s ’ Th ornb u r s Old and N ew Hospital . ( y ondon v ol L , . ii , p .

1 0 OLD CHANGE . City , , Cheapside . ’ A street so called of the King s exchange of there kept , which was for the receipt bullion ’ l Stow v o . to be coined (Kingsford s , i , p 3 2 3 ) HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 5 1

2 u OLD JEWRY . City , 4 , Po ltry . When the Jews came to London they

received this quarter for their residence . Tradition informs u s that at the corner of Old Jewry and Cheapside stood the house in ’ which Thomas aBecket w as born . (Jesse s nd n o o . . L , vol ii , p

OLD KENT ROAD . This forms the great Kentish highway into

London . n OLD PALACE YARD . Westmi ster , Abing

don Street .

Here Guy Fawkes , with his associates ,

Thomas Winter , Ambrose Rookwood , and

Robert Keyes were hanged , drawn , and al of quartered . Here , so , the execution Sir ’ ondon Walter Raleigh took place . (Jesse s L , v ol . i , p .

’ OLD STREET . St . Luke s . E ald so Street , called for that it was the old highway from Aldersgate for the north of east part England , before Bishopsgate ’

St r e s t w . . . So was built ( yp , Bk iv , p 1 00 OLD SWAN LANE . City , , Upper Thames

Street . t o Eb at e This used be called g , and a water ’ St r e s Stow 6t h gate used to stand here . ( yp ,

ed Bk . i , p .

ONSLOW SQUARE . South Kensington .

N f or i o. 6 Thackeray l ved at 3 seven years , and while he lived here Th e Cornhill M aga 1 5 2 HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON

n zi e of . , which he was first editor , was started Here also many of his books were written : h i inians The N ewcomes T e V r . , g , etc

ORANGE STREET . Oxford Street . (W So called from the colouring of the stable ’ of M the King s ews . Thomas Holcroft , the

dramatist , was born in this street . Here ,

also , was the school in which Edmund Kean ’ W ondon learned his A B C . ( heatley s L a t and resent v ol P s P . . , ii , p

ORCHARD STREET . Oxford Street . Derives its name from Orchard Portman in

of . Somersetshire , the seat Lord Portman ’ don as nd n ol W on P t a Prese t v . ( heatley s L , ii ,

p . Here Richard Brinsley Sheridan first lived after his marriage with the beautiful Miss t oo h e Linley . Here , , he composed T ’ T n London Rivals he Du e na. and esse s , v ol . i , p . V ORCHARD STREET . Westminster , ictoria

Street . Stands on the site of the Abbot of aIWe st ’ minster s orchard , and named from it .

M l . OR E SQUARE . Bayswater Hil one rint seller Name derived from Orme , a p

of w h o l . Bond Street , commenced to bui d it

’

- M St . . OR OND YARD . James s of James Butler , Duke Ormond , a great of supporter the first Charles , had a house

here from which the yard derives it s name .

1 54 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

l l Corner . It fol ows the ancient mi itary road Via Trinovantica ( Stukeley) , which crossed

the Watling Street at Hyde Park Corner , and was continued thence t o Old Street (Rald

of . Street) , north London During the Civil War in 1 643 a redoubt ’ Gile s . s was erected near St Pound , and a large fort with half- b ul warks across the road

opposite Wardour Street . Pennant (born in 1 7 2 6) remembered Oxford ll of Street as a deep , hollow road , and fu

Sloughs with here and there a ragged house ,

- of - the lurking place cut throats , insomuch that he never was taken that way by ’ t o night in a hackney coach , his uncle s

house in George Street , but he went in ’ Timb s s Cu riosities dread the whole way . ( L ndon o o . f , p P

PALL MALL . — The French game of Paille mail was first

played here in the reign of Charles I . Hence

the name . Mrs . Anne Oldfield , the actress , ’ M 1 8 Timb s s was born in Pall all in 6 3 . ( u riositi s ond n C e o o . f L , p The first gas- lamp was se t up in Pall Mall 1 80 in the year 7 . Gainsborough , the artist , 1 died here in 788 . It was in the Star and Garter tavern in Pall Mall that the cele b rat e d duel was fought between William , the

r - of fifth Lord By on , great uncle the poet , and Mr on . Chaworth . The dispute arose the HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 55

question of which of the t w o had the most on i game his estates . Both were SO nfuriated with wine that they insisted upon fighting immediately and retiring into an adj oining ll nl of room , i uminated o y by the feeble ray one l tallow cand e , they fought with swords

- Mr al across the dining table . . Chaworth ,

though the more expert swordsman , received

a mortal wound , and shortly afterwards

expired . Lord Byron was tried before his l peers in Westminster Hall , and found gui ty of manslaughter ; but Claiming the benefit of VI w as Of the statute Edward , he dis ’ o of charged n payment his fees . (Smith s Streets nd n o o o . f L , p : o Famous residents Def e , Swift , Robert Dodsle y, Sterne , Gibbon , Coleridge , Captain

Marryat , etc . ’ t av e rn w h ich At the King s Arms , stood on of Ma the north Side Pall ll , near the K it . Haymarket , the Cat Club used to meet

8 2 . PANCRAS LANE . City , , Queen Street

Here before the Great Fire of London

u of . stood the ancient Ch rch St Pancras ,

from which the lane derives its name .

2 PANTON STREET . 4 , Haymarket .

Took its name from the famous gambler ,

Colonel Thomas Panton , who , it is said , in one night w on as many thousands as pur ah chased him estate of over a year . Timb ’ s s Cu riosities o ondon ( f L , p . 1 5 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

P YE R AN . ALLEY City , 4 , Paternoster Row .

Was so called (Stow says) from a small

stone monument placed about the centre , 1 688 of erected in , having the figure a pan n nier , with a naked boy Sitti g upon it with a bunch of grapes held between his hand and foot and underneath the following couplet :

W he n you hav e s ou ght t h e c ity round Y e t s ill is is t h e i e s r d t th h gh t g oun .

’ Streets o ondon (Smith s f L , p .

PARADISE WALK . Chelsea . R ow . Formerly Paradise A very dirty , narrow little passage which runs parallel t o

Tite Street . In it was a theatre built by the o poet Shelley . At ne time private theatricals

were held here , but when money was taken of at the door , even though it was in behalf

a charity , the performances were suspended . of M Here lived the Duchess azarin , sister to

of . l the famous Cardinal . The Duke St A bans , ’ son Nell Gwynne s , also had a house in Para h l a M Ro e se . . w . . dise ( C , G E itton , ed Besant , 1 8 2 0 pp . , ,

PARK CRESCENT . Portland Place . When in London in 1 83 3 Joseph Bona

- of . parte , the ex king Spain , lived here

1 i . PARK LANE . 34 , Piccad lly

Originally Tyburn Lane . Tyburn turnpike

stood here .

1 58 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

- lace men , haberdashers , and other trades ; but ever since 1 7 24 the book- selling business ’ h as i Row been increas ng in the . (Smith s nd n Streets o o o . f L , p ’ 6 PAUL S BAKEHOUSE COURT . City , , l God iman Street . Was so called from the bakehouse employed in baking of bread f or the Church ’ ’ f ul St e s tow o . . r S St Pa s ( yp , Bk . iii , p .

PENTONVILLE ROAD . ville or Said to be named from the , country of of house , Henry Penton , a Lord the w h o 1 8 1 2 Admiralty , died in .

PHILPOT LANE . City , Fenchurch Street .

On the site of this lane formerly stood the of house and garden Sir John Philpot , a of patriotic Citizen in the reign Richard I I . ’ l ondon tre t i ws (Ta lis s L S e V e . ) So wh o called from Sir John Philpot , lived f there and was owner o the property . (Kings ’ tow S . . ford s , vol i , p

PICCADI LLY . ’ Glosso ra h 1 6 6 In Blount s g p y , published 5 , the term pickadill is thus defined : The of or i round hem a garment , other th ng ; n of f also a ki de sti f collar , made in fashion of a band . However , perhaps that famous ’ l Ordinary near St . James s , ca led Pickadilly , took denomination because it was then the outmost or Skirt - house of the suburbs that

. sa way Others y it took name from this , HISTORI C STREETS O F LONDON 1 59

one wh o ot that Higgin , a tailor , built it , g of h is dill most estate by Picka ies , which at

that time were much worn in England . In ’ Herbal of Gerard s , published in the reign u t Q een Elizabeth the au hor , talking of the small buglosse , says this little flower ' grows upon the drie ditch bankes ” Pickadill a about , from which it would appear that the name had been given t o the place ’ Streets o even at this early period . (Smith s f n 1 8 ondo . L , pp

M PI LICO . A name given to gardens f or public enter t ainme nt s our , often mentioned by early t o dramatists , and which appears have

originated at Hoxton In a rare tract , N ew es romHo sdon f g (Hoxton , we

read Have at thee , then , my merrie boys ’ and hey f or Old Ben Pirnlic o s nut - browne or w as and the place , in near Hoxton , after Ti b ’ i i i wards named from him . ( ms s Cu r os t es n o ondo . f L , p

There is still a Pimlico Walk at Hoxton .

There is also a place called, Pimlico near Clitheroe in Lancashire but the name appears to have been at first applied to of gardens entertainment at Hoxton , which were the property of a person so called and who lived about the beginning of the seven ’ t e e nt h century . In Queen Elizabeth s time ’ Tu Sir Lionel Rash , in Green s comedy u o u e g g , says I sent my daughter as far as 1 60 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

Pimlico f or a draught of Derby ale that it

may bring colour into her cheeks . The ground in Pimlico was raised with the of soil excavated in the formation the St .

’ ’ Katherine s Docks , and deposited there by of M of order the arquis Westminster . (Wal ’ M emorials o Westminster cott s f , p . M PI LICO ROAD . Buckingham Palace Road .

t o In this road , Opposite the barracks , there — stood until 1 887 8 a Sh Op bearing the Sign

of - the Old Chelsea Bun House . But this

not - was the original bun house , which stood

farther eastward , outside the Chelsea bound

ary . It had a colonnade proj ecting over the t o pavement , and it was fashionable visit it

in the morning . George II , Queen Caroline ,

and the Princesses frequently came to it ,

and later George I I I and Queen Charlotte . A crowd of some people gathered in on the neighbourhood Good Friday , and a record of buns being sold on that day M Ch ls a . . e e . is reported ( , G . E itton , ed

Besant , p .

PLAYHOUSE YARD . City , Water Lane .

old Named from the Fortune Theatre ,

which stood here .

POLAND STREET . Oxford Street .

Fanny Burney once lived here . Shelley , b o N o 1 ll when a y , lived at . 5 , Wi iam Blake N o. 2 8 and his wife at .

1 62 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

Betterton and Congreve , and later acquired

V . t by Sir John anbrugh Closed for some ime , wh o it was reopened by Rich , produced ’ The B e ar s O era pantomimes and gg p , which is said to have made Gay rich and Rich

gay .

80 POULTRY (THE) . City , , Cheapside .

Named from the poulterers ’ stall s which ’ M r stood here . St . ild ed s Court , which is in one l the Poultry , was at time ca led Scalding

Alley , from a large house in it where fowls were scalded preparatory to their being ’ Streets o ondon exposed for sale . (Smith s f L ,

p . 3 74 ) 1 8 Tom For Here , In 79 , Hood was born . many years his father was a partner in the of V 8c firm erner , Hood Sharpe , booksellers

and publishers .

- PRIMROSE HILL . Hampstead . Was named from the primroses that

formerly grew here in great plenty , when it was comparatively an untrodden hillock in the fields between Tottenham Court and Hamp ’ i ities ondon Timb s s Cu r os o L . stead . ( f , p ’ K PRINCE S GATE . ensington Road . A terrace so called from the gate entrance t o of the Park opposite , named after a Prince 1 8 8 Wales and opened in 4 . It stands on the highest plot of ground between Hyde ’ Park Corner and Windsor Castle . (Davis s M ials K ni hts id e emor o br . f g g , p HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 63

’ ’ - PRINCE S PLACE . St . James s , Westminster .

’ Was first called Prince s Street between th e 1 6 1 8 2 years 7 5 and 7 . It formerly bore the of One i c on name Long Ditch , and at t me t aine d an of h ancient conduit , the site whic t h e of was marked by a pump . At bottom

the well , it is said , was a black marble image ’ of St . Peter and some marble steps . (Walcott s M ia st in emor ls o We mster . f , p

- r PRINTING HOUSE SQUARE . City , Wate a L ne . i Here The T mes is printed and published . The Square marks the site of t h e ancient ’ King s Printing House Was rebuilt in

the middle of the e i ghteenth century . ’ n Streets o ondo . (Smith s f L , p

- r PRINTING HOUSE LANE . Blackf iars , Water

Lane .

- ar Formerly Printing House Y d . Here re

sided three celebrated painters Isaac Oliver ,

V . Cornelius Jansen , and Anthony andyke ’ Lond n l o v o . . (Jesse s , ii , p

U 2 P DDING LANE . City , , Eastcheap . Here is where the Great Fire of London ’ broke ou t after twelve o clock on the night

2 1 666 . Of September , The fire started in of Parr ne r t h e the house a man named y , ’ t h e King s baker , close to the spot where ’ no nd n w . o o Monument stands (Jesse s L ,

vol . ii , p . 1 64 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON Q E QUEEN SQUAR . Bloomsbury . ’

Built in Queen Anne s reign , and named in Holborn her honour . ( , Besant and Mitton ,

p .

’ QUEEN SQUARE PLACE . Queen Anne s

Gate . a l Here , where he had resided ne rly ha f a 1 8 2 century , in 3 died Jeremy Bentham , in

- fift h . of his eighty year He was M . A . ’

Queen s College in Oxford , and a Bencher ’ of Lincoln s Inn . He bequeathed his body

to Dr . Southwood Smith for the purposes ’ M e rial of anatomical science . (Walcott s mo s in ter o Westms . f , p

QUEEN ANNE STREET . Cavendish Square .

M No. At 47 resided the great painter J . . W . ’ ondon Turner . (Jesse s L , vol . i , p .

60 QUEENHITHE . City , , Upper Thames

Street . ’ Edr Anciently called e d s Hythe . In the reign of Henry II I the harbou r dues became of of the perquisite the Queen England , and from that fact it obtained its name of Ripa ’ ’ ndon Re ina . o g (Queen s Wharf) (Jesse s L ,

v ol . . ii , p R

RATHBONE PLACE . Oxford Street .

Derives its name from Captain Rathbone , wh o constructed buildings here previous to

1 66 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON L RED ION SQUARE . High Holborn . So called from its having been built on the of site Red Lion Fields . Here formerly stood an of Obelisk , built by a subscription the i nhabitants , which was pretended to cover ’ t h e o bones f Oliver Cromwell . (Tallis s oM on tr iew s L S ee t V . ) w as Here the Red Lion Inn , Holborn , to which inn the bodies of Cromwell and Ireton were brought in carts on the night previous ’ on to their exposure the gibbet . (Jesse s ondon L , vol . iii , p .

REGENT STREET . Waterloo Place , Pall M all . Derives its name from having been pro je ct e d and built during the Regency of of George , Prince Wales , afterwards George IV il . The bu dings were principally designed ’ nd n t t Views o o S ree . by Nash . (Tallis s L ) One of the handsomest streets in the ' w as ou t metropolis , designed and carried by Mr of . John Nash , architect , under an Act 1 8 1 at Parliament Obtained in 3 , partly his ’ own n Hand book o cost . (Cunni gham s f London , p .

ROBERT STREET . Adelphi . one of Named after Robert Adam , the Tom famous brothers . Hood resided here n f at o e period o his career .

ROCHESTER ROW . Westminster . of Named from the Bishops Rochester . ’ i n Timb s s u rios ties o Londo . ( C f , p HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 67

ROMAN BATH STREET . City , 75 , Newgate

Street . l Formerly cal ed Bagnio Court , derives its n name from a once fashionable bag io , the L first that was established in ondon . Strype of u n Speaks it as a neatly contained b ildi g , s u after the Turkish fa hion , for the p rposes of

h ot - sweating and bathing , and much approved ” ’ by the physicians of the time . (Jesse s n ondo . . L , vol iii , p

ROMNEY STREET . Westminster . w h o Named after Earl Romney , owned the

property .

2 ROOD LANE . City , 3 , Fenchurch Street .

SO called because of a rood (crucifix) there of M placed in the churchyard St . argaret Pattens whilst the old chu rch was taken down St ’ r e St w . . s o and newly builded ( yp , Bk ii ,

p . 6 ROSE ALLEY . Southwark , 5 , Park Street .

on of This stands the Site the Rose Theatre , which stood t o the right of the famous Bear ' ” garden . Herein , writes Stow , be kept

bears , bulls , and other beasts to be baited ; al as so mastiffs in several kennels , nourished

to bait them . These bears and other beasts are there kept in plots of ground scaffolded ” f or about the beholders to stand safe . On one occasion we find Queen Elizabeth issuing directions for the French Ambassador to be 1 68 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

f or conducted to Southwark , the purpose of witnessing these cruel but then fashionable ’ ndon v ol . o . 2 8 sports (Jesse s L , iii , pp . 4

ROSE STREET . Covent Garden . of Hu dibras Here Samuel Butler , the author , ’ ondon lived and died . (Jesse s L , vol . i , p

ROTHERHITHE . h 1 0 1 6 W en , in , Canute the Dane sailed up

the Thames , and found his further progress arrested by the narrow arches and f ort ific a of h tions London Bridge , it was at Rotherhit e that he commenced that famous canal which

at i enabled him , by taking c rcuitous route , t o of moor his ships under the walls the city . t oo Here , , it was that Edward the Black Prince fitted ou t a fleet f or the invasion of t o France . It was Rotherhithe that Richard I I proceeded by water to hold a conference with Wat Tyler and his rebel ’ ndon Vol o . . followers . (Jesse s L , iii , p

ROTTEN ROW . Hyde Park . of Rou te du Roi A corruption , made by

George I as a short cut .

ROYAL EXCHANGE (THE) . City . at of In Lombard Street , the Sign the ” Grasshopper , lived Sir Thomas Gresham , the founder of Gresham College and of the t a on firs Royal Exchange , which , Situ ted the of l w as north Side Cornhi l , built at his expense on ground presented t o him f or the purpose

by the City of London . He himself laid the

1 70 H ISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON

’ said to have beheaded Charles I . (Jesse s n n do ol . o v . L , ii , p

RUSSELL SQUARE . Holborn . (W . C . of Named after John Russell , first Earl 2 1 Bedford . Here , at No . , Sir Samuel

Romilly died by his own hand . Sir Thomas Lawrence lived for a quarter of a century at ’ T e Gentl man s M a azine No . 65 . In h e g the M : Rev . John itford notes We shall never on l forget the Cossacks , mounted their sma l

white horses , with their long spears grounded , standing sentinels at the door of this great l painter , whi st he was painting the portrait ’ of Plat off Timb s s their General , ( d n Cu riosities o Lon o . f , p

RUSSELL STREET . Covent Garden .

Named from John Russell , Earl of Bedford . ’ Here at one time lived Charles Lamb . (Jesse s nd n Lo o . . , vol i , p

K i . RUTLAND GATE . nightsbr dge Derives its name from the Dukes of Rut

on . land , whose mansion stood this Site Here is the house where John Sheepshanks formed his collection of 2 2 6 pictures by modern British artists which he bequeathed to the ’ Timb s s Cu riosities o National Gallery . ( f ondon L , p . S L SAFFRON HI L . Clerkenwell . Derives it s name from the crops of saffron and which it bore . This hill , now divided U Y T E E O F ST . ELE I S O S ATE ST E ET B P . H N NN R H N , H G R

1 72 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

in this street also lived Henry Pye , Poet ’ nd n ol . o o v Laureate (Jesse s L , . i , p .

’

ST . JAMES S PARK . Westminster . Was originally no more than a small field t o of f or attached the Hospital St . James o Lepers , afterwards converted into a r yal Ma 8 1 . of palace On y , 53 9 , the citizens h arne is London , all in bright with coates of or ch e ine s of white Silke cloth , and golde , in three great b at t aile s (the number was ‘ beside w ifile rs and other aw ayt ers) in goodly order passed through London to

Westminster , and through the Sanctuary , of and rounde aboute the Parke St . James Holb ou rne and returned home through . Until Henry VIII resided in Whitehall it was a morass and though in his time only l improved into a shapeless field , partia ly

dotted over with trees , Cromwell might be n n seen taki g the air in a sedan , Slowly bor e t along , with an anxious , fre ful countenance , as though detecting the look of a conspirator ’ M emorials in each passing face . (Walcott s West inst er o m . f , p

’ ST . JAMES S PLACE . Westminster . 1 Built in 694 . The houses remain nearly the same as they were in the days of Queen

Anne . Here Addison had a house , also

Thomas Parnell , the poet . Here also , In 1 2 8 7 , died the learned White Kennet , Bishop ’ l of ondon v o . Peterborough . (Jesse s L , i , p : 1 HISTORIC STREETS . O F LONDON 73

’ ST . JAMES S SQUARE . Westminster . of Dates from the days Charles I I . It was 1 6 commenced about the year 67 . Here ll i of r lived Wi am Bentinck , Earl Po tland , the of Dutch favourite William I II . The Dukes of ort h u mb e rland of N and Ormond , the Earls k Pembroke , Sunderland, and Kent , the Du e of k Norfol , and Lord Torrington have all ’ ndon v l Lo o . resided here . (Jesse s , . i , p ’ o of Is built n the site St . James s Fields . It was from the balcony in front of one of the mansions on the west side of the square on of 20 1 8 1 that , the night Tuesday , June , 5 , IV George , then Prince Regent , announced to the populace the news of the battle of

Waterloo , and displayed the eagles and ’ trophies which had j ust arrived . (Smith s nd n Streets o Lo o . f , p

’ M 1 6 1 ST . JA ES S STREET . , Piccadilly .

This street is known all over Europe for ' 1 6 0 its clubs . In 7 it was called The Long w as Street . It here that the infamous is Colonel Blood , whose name SO well known for his daring attempt t o rob the Tower of

al of En land . se t the Reg ia g , upon the Duke of ru ffians at Ormond , aided by four , and tempted to assassinate him on his way t o

Clarendon House . o 8 n Lord Byron lodged at N . whe Childe ’ Harold was first published . (Smith s ts nd n Stree o o o . f L , p 1 74 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

6 ’ Gibbon died at No . 7 , St . James s Street . 2 No. 5 was formerly the residence of Lord of Guildford and Sir Francis Burdett .

’ ST . JOHN S GATE . Clerkenwell . Formerly a gate of the ancient Priory of of al St . John Jerus em . Except this gate and the Norman crypt in the adj oining n . of Church of St John , nothi g is now left the s r ancient mona te y .

In a room over the archway Dr . Johnson

worked for Cave , the founder and proprietor ’ of Th e Gentleman s M a azine w as g , which first

published here . ’ i ST . JOHN S LANE . F nsbury , Clerkenwell .

Here are the remains of an Elizabethan ’ of house , with the Sign the Baptist s Head (probably in compliment to Sir Baptist Hicks) it is said to have been frequented by

Samuel Johnson and Oliver Goldsmith , in

their transactions with Cave , the printer , ’ at St . John s Gate . In the taproom is a fine

old - armorial chimney piece , engraved in ’ Vesti es o Old ondon a Archer s g f L , p rt iii . ’ T u riosi ies ndon imb s s C t o o . ( f L , p

’ ST . JOHN S STREET . Finsbury , West Smith fi ld e . Here stood the ancient Hospital or Priory

o of . f the Knights St . John of Jerusalem To the left of John Street was the Red l n Bu l Theatre , the arena where , duri g the

reign of the Puritans , the persecuted players

1 76 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON The fine building known as the Baltic in this street is the successor to the Baltic

- Coffee house , which was situated in Thread dl nee e Street , City , and used formerly to be the rendezvous of merchants and brokers

connected with the shipping trade .

’ 2 ST . MICHAEL S ALLEY . City , 4 , Cornhill .

l M ’ So ca led from St . ichael s Church , the tower of which is so conspicuous an orna f L of o . l ment this part ondon In this a ley , of opposite the church , stood , in the days

- the Commonwealth , the first coffee house ’ n n . o do established in London (Jesse s L , l v o . . ii , p

ST . PANCRAS . Originally a solitary village i n the fields one north of London , and mile from Holborn

Bars . It is a prebendal manor , and was included in the land granted by Ethelbert ’ 60 to St . Paul s Cathedral about 3 it was a

parish before the Conquest , and is called St . ’ Timb s s Cu riosities Pancras in Domesday . ( d n o on o . f L , p

’ ST . PAUL S CATHEDRAL . City . A church has stood on this site since far

back into Saxon times . The present St . ’ so Paul s is the third cathedral named . At one period the popular meeting- place ld l ’ of o . for men and women fashion , St Pau s on was three times set fire by lightning , 1 6 1 which in 5 destroyed the great spire , which

OL ST D .

HISTORIC STREETS O F LONDON 1 77

was never replaced . After the Great Fire of 1 666 Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt the ' cathedral described as that masterpiece of is of ou r architectural art , which the glory

city . The beautiful carving of the choir- stalls o l are is the work f Grin ing Gibbons . There

on - floor many monuments the ground , and ’ ul also in the cryp t . The tombs in St . Pa s carry us a very long way back in the history of ou r land . In the crypt are those of many famous : hr n men Sir C istopher Wren , Rey olds ,

Nelson , Picton , Turner , Wellington , Landseer , Mi Cruikshank , Napier , llais , Arthur Sullivan ,

Alma Tadema , Wolseley , and most recently ,

Sir Henry Wilson , etc .

8 1 e . SALISBURY COURT . City , , Fleet Str et

i Here Samuel Richardson , the pr nter and of novelist , spent the greater part his town Pamela life , and wrote his earliest work , . ’ 1 6 1 M od n He died here in 7 . (Welch s er Histor o the Cit o ondon y f y f L , p .

SANCTUARY (THE) . Westminster . When the monasteries were dissolved in 1 0 of 54 , Westminster retained the right

Sanctuary , with restrictions excepting mur derers , highwaymen , incendiaries , and those of guilty the like heinous crimes . They were t o allowed use a whittle only at their meals ,

and compelled to wear a badge . Their safety

1 2 1 78 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

w as only assured f or forty days and after that term the coroner was t o compel them t o

abj ure the realm . In the early part of the eighteenth century there stood in the Little Sanctuary the Mr Three Tuns Tavern , kept by . Beech , on of a Quaker , standing the foundations of Fo o part the ancient building . r t w hundred years these ruins had served f or an ’ - inn cellar . (Walcott s M emorials of West inster m . , p of In this Sanctuary Elizabeth Grey , Queen IV Edward , took refuge when the victorious Warwick was marching t o London t o de I throne her husband and restore Henry V . The Queen succeeded in reaching the sh e Sanctuary , where remained until her u child (Prince Edward , afterwards m rdered

in the Tower) was born , and her husband again restored t o that throne where Henry VI sat f or so after his restoration Short a period . of W After the death Edward , hen the ambi tion of Gloucester rendered her position most sh e t o insecure , fled again the Sanctuary with son of her young , the Duke York , the elder

being already in the power of Gloucester . ’ s o nd n Street o o . (Smith s f L , p

SARDINIA STREET . Kingsway .

Formerly called Duke Street . It contains old some very houses , and a Roman Catholic chapel said t o be the oldest foundation now in the hands of the Roman Catholics in

1 80 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

of i M ascended the throne Great Brita n . ilton , r t o when he was Latin Secreta y Cromwell , V had lodgings in Scotland Yard . anbrugh , f or the poet and architect , built a house himself there ou t of the ruins of the old al of l w as p ace Whitehal , which burned down at the close of the seventeenth century ’ Streets o ondon (Smith s f L , pp . 93

SEETHING LANE . City , 53 , Great Tower

Street . A L w as nciently called Sidon ane . Pepys ’ for many years a resident here . (Jesse s ondon L , vol ii , p . S ’ ERJEANTS INN . City , 49 , Fleet Street .

Was formerly an Inn of Court the hand s ome offices were designed by one of the ’ Ti b s s Cu riosities o brothers Adam . ( m f ondon L , p . Occupied by the serj eants and j udges as of IV early as the time Henry , when it was l so e cal ed Farringdon Inn , and continu d to 1 be called until the year 484 . old An custom connected with the serj eants , w of hich was observed until the time Charles I , ’ w as t o a procession St . Paul s Cathedral , C w here each serj eant hose his pillar . The o of t o rigin this is believed be , that in very e arly times the lawyers stood at the pill ars O f f or the cathedral waiting clients , wearing

- an ink horn at their breasts , and noting upon a p iece of paper held on their knee the par HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 8 1

a t icul rs of each case . This must have been before they were installed in the comfortable ’ f K s quarters o the nights Templars . (Smith St ets o ondon 2 re . f L , pp 59

’ SERLE STREET . Lincoln s Inn .

Named from Henry Serle , who acquired this property in the time of the Civil War ’ - s and established a coffee house there . Serle

- of f ta coffee house was the days o the Spec tor. ’ Timb s s ondon and Westminster ( L , p .

R . 1 . SE MON LANE City , 3 , Carter Lane

0 i of he re monie rs Ao A corrupt on S Lane . i t o Sh e re mon ars cord ng Stow , y were such as Ou t and rounded the plates t o bee co ne d or Est arlin e for y stamped into g p nce , of c o nin ol the place y g was the d Exchange .

2 . SEVEN DIALS . (W . C . Now mostly cleared away t o make room f or o an Charing Cr ss Road d Shaf tesbury Avenue . The column which bore the seven dials which gave the place its name now stands on

the green at Weybridge , Surrey , where it of was placed in commemoration Frederica , wh o Duchess of York , for many years resided

al . at Oatlands P ace , Weybridge , and was

greatly respected . The great factory of ballads was long '

Seven Dials , where Pitt employed Corcoran , ” and was the patron of slender Ben . M Ca na h of r. t c i , another noted pr nter al ballads, lived here . He was the first b lad 1 82 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

printer wh o published yards of songs f or one ’ nn Timb s s Cu riosities o ond e . on . p y ( f L , p E ’ SEV N SISTERS ROAD . Holloway . Said t o have been named from seven trees one which were planted by seven sisters , of six them a cripple . Of the trees , are supposed t o have grown straight and the seventh to

have been deformed , it having been planted

by the cripple .

SHADWELL . Stepney . Said t o have derived its name from a fine spring (probably called shady well) near the ’ of ondon south wall the Church . (Jesse s L , v ol . ii , p . i l SHAFTESBURY AVENUE . Piccad l y Circus .

1 88 Opened in 5 , has obliterated (amongst other ancient thoroughfares) Monmouth of M Street , named after the Duke onmouth ,

whose house was in Soho Square . Monmouth

f or old- Street was notorious its clothes Shops , f one of Sketch s b o and is the subj ect o the e y B z . All the ground to the south of Shaftesbury w as Avenue anciently , if not actually a pond ,

at all events , very marshy ground , and was

l Me ersh elands or M . ca led , arshlands It was

subsequently known as Cock and Pye Fields , from the Cock and Pye public - house which is supposed t o have been Situated at

the spot where Little St . Andrew Street ,

West Street , and Castle Street now meet . l orn Ho . b . . ( , Besant and G E Mitton , p

1 84 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

London with water before Sir Hugh Myddelt on conceived the gigantic plan for which pos t erit so t o y is much indebted him . The water w as conveyed in leaden pipes from or Tyburn , and the conduit head at Shoe L 1 1 ane was finished in 47 . ‘ In the triumphal progress of Queen Anne Boleyn through the City of London on her

way to Westminster to be crowned , pageants , of i as they were called , various k nds were set on up at all the conduits her way . The

conduit at Shoe Lane , Stow informs us , was i newly painted , and all the angels had the r t o faces washed , and were made look decent on and becoming the august occasion . In of the midst the tower, says Stow , was

such several solemn instruments , that it

seemed to be an heavenly noise , and was

much regarded and praised , and besides this ,

the conduit ran wine , claret and white , all the afternoon so She with all her company t o and the mayor , rode forth Temple Bar ,

which was newly painted and repaired , where stood also divers singing men and ll sh e children , ti came to Westminster Hall of which w as richly hanged with cloth arras . Shoe Lane abounds in reminiscences which l are worth recalling , and wi l repay the visit of of the contemplative man . In the time V son of Ferrars Henry , Edmund , Sir Robert

de Chartley , held eight cottages in Shoe

Lane . The only respectable house in the district was the town residence of the Bishop HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 85

of so Bangor , which existed here early as ’ ndon 1 8 Streets o Lo . 3 7 . (Smith s f , p

SHOREDITCH . Anciently a retired village situated on the

old Roman highway leading into London . It is believed t o ow e its name to one of the of Sordich ancestors Sir John de , an eminent

warrior , lawyer , and statesman in the reign as of of Edward I I I . As late the days V Henry III , Shoreditch stood in the open for fields , at which time it was famous the ’ nd n of . o o expertness its archers (Jesse s L , v ol . ii , p .

’ 1 SHORT S GARDENS . Holborn , 5 , Drury

Lane . So called from Dudley Short , who had a mansion here with fine gardens in the reign ’ Th ornb ur s Hau nted ondon of Charles II . ( y L , R 459) L SIDNEY PLACE . eicester Square . so Formerly called Sydney Alley , and named l of from the i lustrious family the Sydneys , of L w h o s Earls eicester , had their town hou e ’ in Leicester Square . (Smith s Streets of ndon Lo . , p

SIDNEY STREET . Chelsea . ’ At St . Luke s Church in this street Dickens w as 1 8 married to Catherine Hogarth in 3 6 . At one time the father of Charles Kingsley

was rector . 1 86 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

SILVER STREET . Bloomsbury . Connected with Southampton Street by

a covered entry , is described by Strype as indifferent well built and inhabited a character it apparently keeps up to this H lborn . o . o day ( , Besant and G E . Mitt n , p 2 9 )

8 1 SILVER STREET . City , , Wood Street .

Stow says : Is so called on account of i Silversmiths resid ng here formerly .

1 2 K SLOANE STREET . Chelsea , 5 , nights

bridge . of Named after Sir Hans Sloane , Lord the Manor of Chelsea and founder of the British

Museum .

R . 1 6 SLOANE SQUA E 4 , Sloane Street .

su ra See p . 6 i ’ SMITH STREET . Chelsea , 9 , K ng s Road .

Named after its builder . The southern Row part was formerly known as Ormond . Durham House stands on the site of Old t o of Durham House . A little the north Durham House was one of the numerous M dwellings in Chelsea known as anor House . It w as the residence of the Steward of the M a anor , and had great g rdens reaching back

as far as Flood Street , then Queen Street . This house was afterwards used as a Con

' 1 88 HI STORIC STREETS OF LONDON

rej oicing the City conduits were made t o run

with red and white wine . The last occasion on which the Snow Hill conduit thus flowed was on the anniversary of the coronation of 1 2 George I , in 7 7 . i of on l At the S gn the Star Snow Hil , of then the residence his friend Mr . Strudwick , l a grocer , died John Bunyan , the i lustrious ’ of The il rims ro ress author P g P g . The great painter Vandyke was one day passing down Snow Hill when his attention was attracted by a picture exposed for sal e

- in a shop window Struck with its merits ,

he made enquiries respecting the artist , and w as informed that he was then employed at his easel in a miserable apartment in the

attics . Vandyke ascended the stairs ; and thus took place his first introduction to l Wil iam Dobson , then a young man unknown

to fame , but whose celebrity as a portrait painter was second only in England t o that ’ f ond n o V . o . . andyke (Jesse s L , vol iii , p

SOHO SQUARE . Soho Street . — So- ho or So- how ah old hunt ing or coursing cry in use to this day in some ' counties when the hare leaves its form is said t o be the origin of the name of this not l district . The square was SO cal ed from the word of the day at Sedgemoor (as on t h e Pennant has it) , but , the contrary , word was derived from the neighbourhood of in which the Duke Monmouth lived , for HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 1 89

whereas the battle of Sedgemoor was fought 1 68 on in 5 , the field which Soho Square stands was known as Soho or So- how

fifty years before . ’ one Was at time called King s Square . The Al of . Duke Monmouth lived here so , in n of i the reig Queen Anne , here lived G lbert n of 1 8 2 Bur et , Bishop Salisbury , and in 4 , ’ ar ondon Ch les Kemble , the actor . (Jesse s L ,

vol . i , p .

SOMERSET HOUSE . Strand . t o of YVO I According Stow , the Bishops c est e r had their town house here in the of thirteenth century , and the Bishops fi l Lich e d and Coventry theirs . The Bishops of Landaff had also their inn within the same precincts ; and close by stood the Strand of t o Inn , an Inn Chancery belonging the

Temple , in which Occleve , the poet , and con of temporary Gower and Chaucer , is said to All have studied the law . these houses were pulled down by the Protector Somerset t o

make room for his palace , which he intended Should be more magnificent than any that

had ever before been seen in England ” With this end the steeple and most of t he f o . Church St John of Jerusalem , near Smith fie ld o , were mined and overthrown with p wder

and the stones carried thereto . So likewise ’ on f the Cloister the north Side o St . Paul s

- Cathedral , and the charnel house , with the on chapel , the south side . It was his 1 90 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

’ intention to have pulled down St . Margaret s w as Church at Westminster , but that pre

served by his fall . After his execution the palace became the of property the Crown , and from the time of James I appears t o have been considered the appanage of the Queen

Consort of England . 1 l In 775 the bui ding was demolished , and the present building commenced soon after ’ t o f or f wards be used public O fices . (Smith s Streets o ondon 2 0 1 f L , pp .

SOUTH STREET . Park Lane . N O M Mel At . 3 9 lived the inister Lord N O 2 bourne and at . 3 Percy Bysshe Shelley , ’ 1 8 1 ondon the poet , lived in 3 . (Jesse s L , l v o . . i , p

SOUTH AUDLEY STREET . Grosvenor 1 Square . (W . . u l Takes its name from H gh Aud ey , the

owner of some land in the neighbourhood . N o 8 Alin t on —w as 1 8 2 6 . g House , in ,

Cambridge House , the residence of the Duke of 1 8 6 b e York , and afterwards , until 7 ,

t o Cu rzons . longed the , Earls Howe In 1 N — 769 at O . 73 Bute House lived the of great Earl Bute , and near him his friend las M a ai Dou r . . of . Home , author g ( yf , G E

Mitton , p . 2 f At No . 7 in this street resided , at di ferent p t w o of eriods , the exiled Kings France ,

1 92 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

himself in terms which would seem t o imply that the house was well known for its good fare :

W e s r wi e r s c r ou b e f e d h n ha p th hung , o n y to , ’ E x c e pt on p e a- c hi cks at t h e B e df ord He ad

N 2 David Garrick resided at o. 7 in this street before his removal to the Adelphi ; Mrs . Oldfield , the actress , also lived here . ’ Th ornb u r s Old and N ew ondon v ol ( y L , . iii ,

p . in 1 Congreve lived in this street and 795 , of Thomas Linley , the musician , father the M i of beautiful iss L nley , wife Sheridan , died ’ nd n o o v ol . here . (Jesse s L , i , p .

SOUTHWARK CATHEDRAL . one of John Gower , the earliest bene of Ch urch lie s factors the , buried here . Stow ' writes of him : He lieth under a tomb of stone with his image also of stone over him of the hair his head , auburn , long to his

Shoulders but curling up , and a small forked beard on his head a Chaplet like a coronet of four roses ; a habit of purple damasked down to his feet ; a collar of esses of gold about his neck under his head the likeness

of three books which he compiled . The

monument has been restored and recoloured . of John Fletcher , poet , and son Bishop M Fletcher , is buried here , also Phillip assinger ,

Sir Edward Dyer , poet , and a brother of

Shakespeare , etc . HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 93

s SPA ROAD . Bermond ey . e s al Named from B rmond ey Spa , a ch y n 1 0 beate Spri g , discovered about 77 . The Spa w as opened in 1 780 as a minor Vaux hall with fireworks and a model of the Siege of a K e se Gibr ltar , painted by y , and occupying was about four acres . The garden Shut up ’ 1 80 Timb s s Cu riosities o ondon about 5 . ( f L ,

p .

SPITALFIELDS .

Derives it s name from the priory of St . 1 1 On old M u . ary Spital , fo nded in 97 the now of Spital fields are a number streets , one lanes , and alleys (at time) principally inhabited by the artisans employed in the silk manufactures which rendered the name ’ ndon of so . o this district famous (Jesse s L , l v o . ii , p .

SPRI NG GARDENS . 49 , Charing Cross .

For long the centre and mainspring of was London civic business , Spring Gardens formerly a royal pleasaunce of the Palace of ’

Whitehall . Here , in Charles I s time , were

r - - arche y butts , a bowling green , and a bathing of pond , a maze , and many quaint devices

that day . Here the stroller in the garden near the original spring from which the name was derived might tread casually on a piece of turf and be deluged by j ets of water from or pipes cunningly hidden there , approaching a sundial t o learn the hour meet with a similar 1 94 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

fate . But long before the Metropolitan Board of Works and the London County

Council made their headquarters here , and at and subsequent t o the days of the watery n s j okes , Spri g Gardens had many famou i residents , among them Pr nce Rupert , Philip of Earl Chesterfield , Colley Cibber , George M Canning , the Earl of almesbury , the Earls of Berkeley . Here Pepys walked and his ’

wife s maids picked flowers . But there was

nothing to eat , and Pepys and his party , of much disgusted , went to the rival place V entertainment , auxhall . AD M ST IU STREET . Chelsea . Named after Cremorne House when it

was used as a national club , and bore the of Ch els a . e alternative name The Stadium ( , M G . E . itton , ed . Besant , p .

1 STAFFORD PLACE . Westminster , 3 , Palace

Street . Built on the site of the gardens of Tart 1 6 8 f or Alat h e a Hall , erected in 3 , Countess of Arundel . After her death it became the

of - son residence her second and ill fated , ll f one of of Wi iam Sta ford , the victims the perj uries of Titus Oates during the Popish plot of 1 680 ; During the popular frenzy excited by the plot the Arundel marbles in

this house were buried in the garden , lest the bigoted mob should have mistaken them f or ’ popish saints , and destroyed them . (Smith s Streets o ondon f L , p .

1 96 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

’ first performed Dryden s celebrated ode ’ or of M Alexander s Feast , the Power usic , f or of written the anniversary St . Cecilia , which w as annually celebrated by the ’ Streets o ondon Stationers . (Smith s f L , p . 3 3 0 )

STEPNEY . Maitland says Stepney derives its name h h from the Saxon Manor of St e b en yt e .

N STOKE NEWINGTON . ( . ) Said to mean the new town in the meadow Stoke by the wood . The word comes from - stocc or the Anglo Saxon , the stock stem of or ton old a tree , a stockade is English f or town ing Anglo - Saxon for

a meadow . The derivation may there

fore be the stockaded new town .

’ E 2 0 k STONEY STR ET . Borough , , Southwar

Street . Was probably the continuation Of the

Watling Street road . This is supposed to Roman Tra ectu s have been a j , and the ferry

from Londinu minto the province of Cantiu m. Marks of the antient causey have been dis on covered on the northern side ; this , the al name evinces the origin . The Saxons ways give the name of Street to the Roman roads ; and here they gave it the addition of Stoin or Stoney . from the pavement they ’ f ondon found it composed o . (Pennant s L , p 67 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 1 97

’ i 1 STOREY S GATE . Westm nster , , Great

George Street . wh o con Named from Edward Storey , ’ am f or structed the decoys in St . J es s Park h w o . Charles I I , and lived upon the Site ’ 1 8 Timb s s The gate was taken down in 54 . ( Cu riosities o ondon f L , p .

i . STRAND . Westm nster The name of the Strand is clearly of Saxon

origin . It is recorded that upon the Strand Earl Godwin and his son Harold drew up their land forces in the insurrection which they headed against Edward the Confessor in A D 1 0 2 . . 5 . The Strand has witnessed inits day some For strange and curious sights . instance ,

we read that Queen Elizabeth , when she rode on into the City , sat a pillion behind her Lord

- Chancellor , wagons and the newly invented n M carriages bei g in disfavour with her ajesty . Among the numerous pageants which the thoroughfare of the Strand h as witnessed may be mentioned the procession of Queen ’ t o Elizabeth in state St . Paul s to return thanks for the victories over the Spanish n Armada . Queen A ne passed this way in ’ a t o state to St . Paul s on several occ sions , commemorate victories over France and

Spain . In like manner have been c om me morat e d of Ra the victories Blenheim ,

millies , and other important triumphs , the of 1 80 6 funeral procession Lord Nelson in , and 1 98 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

of l 1 8 2 that the Duke of Wel ington in 5 , ’ Th rnb u r s Old and N e nd n . o w o o etc etc ( y L ,

vol . iii , p . 1 Up to the year 3 53 , says Pennant ,

the Strand was an open highway , with ’

here and there a great man s house , with

g ardens to the waterside . In that year it w as so impassable , that Edward I II , by an

ordinance , directed a tax to be raised upon all wool , leather , wine , and goods carried to the staple at Westminster from Temple Bar i f or of to Westm nster Abbey , the repair the road ; and that all owners of houses adj acent to the highway shoul d repair as

much as lay before their doors . It was not 1 2 paved until 53 . It is rich in memories

Of the past . of l A whole nest narrow streets , al eys , and lanes were swept away in the building of of the Law Courts , some them with historic

memories like Lower Serle Place , which , of as Shire Lane , saw some the famous

of - gatherings the Kit Cat Club , and where Addison wrote many of his delightful Tatler

papers . The Kit - Cat Club derived its name from ”

Christopher Cat , who kept the Fountain f or Tavern . He was celebrated the excellence

of - his mutton pies , and in his house the club ’ S ree s o ondon t t . first met . (Smith s f L )

St . Clement Danes Church , which stands i of h as solated in the middle the roadway , a

very ancient hist ory . It is believed that

2 0 0 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ nd n l . o o v o derives its name (Jesse s L , . iii ,

p .

1 1 SURREY STREET . 7 , Strand . on of Stands the site Arundel House , the of of residence the Earls Arundel , after f o . wards Dukes Norfolk Congreve , the ’ poet , lived and died in this street . (Jesse s ondon 28 L , vol . iii , pp . 3

AN D 2 SWALLOW PLACE PASSAGE . 55 ,

Oxford Street . (W .

Recalls Swallow Street , which was cleared 1 2 0 away to make Regent Street in 8 . M a air M ( yf , G . E . itton , p . 6 SWAN WALK . Chelsea , 7 , Royal Hospital

Road . In which the name of the Swan Tavern

is kept alive . This tavern was well known as a resort by all the gay and thoughtless men who visited Chelsea in the seventeenth cen Dib din tury . It is mentioned by Pepys and , and is described as standing close to the ’ 1 1 water s edge . In 7 5 Thomas Doggett , the

comedian , instituted a yearly festival , in which the great feature was a race by water men on the river from the Old Swan near ” London Bridge to the White Swan at Chelsea . of The prize was a coat , in every pocket u which was a g inea , and also a badge . This ’ race is still rowed annually , Doggett s Coat and Badge being a well - known river inst it u h lsea . C e tion ( , G . E . Mitton , ed . Besant ,

p . HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 20 1 T

TAVISTOCK PLACE . St . Pancras . 2 Here , at No . 3 , lived Francis Douce , the ll i ustrator of Shakespeare , and subsequently ,

in the same house , John Galt , when editor ’ f i in ra Tim u i si o Cou r er b s s r o the . See f . ( C i n n t es o o do . f L , p

TAVISTOCK SQUARE . Woburn Place .

- dl Named from the ground lan ord , the Duke ’ of M Timb s s Bedford and arquis of Tavistock . ( Cu i si ies nd n r o t o Lo o . f , p T AVISTOCK STREET . Covent Garden .

Name derived from Marquisate of Tavi ’ ondon v ol stock . (Jesse s L , . i , p .

1 2 TELEGRAPH STREET . City , , Moorgate

Street .

Originally called Great Bell Yard . At N 1 on o. 4 , Bloomfield , the poet , carried his ’ as London trade a Shoemaker . (Jesse s , v ol . ii , p .

TEMPLE BAR . City . Originally a wooden gate - house across the

road , to divide the City from Westminster . Probably no pageant ever presented a scene so striking as when the gates of Temple Bar were Opened at the approach of the

second Charles on his restoration , and the t o own King , brought back his again , rode

gallantly through the City to Whitehall . 2 0 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON The houses were adorned with the richest

tapestry . The streets were lined with members of the City Companies in their

liveries , and the loud music of the bands and the din of the bells from a hundred steeples of were drowned in the cheers the populace . This event appears all the more impressive when contrasted with the rueful Spectacle

presented by Temple Bar eighty years later , when the heads of the most devoted followers of the house of Stuart were exposed over its ’ Th nb u ld and ew ondon . or r s O N gates ( y L ,

vol . iii , p . Temple Bar w as rebuil t by Sir Christopher — 1 6 0 2 . Wren in 7 , soon after the Great Fire The fire never reached nearer Temple Bar ’ Th ornb u r Old than the Inner Temple . ( y s and N ew ondon v ol L , . i , p . Some years ago Temple Bar w as removed ’

to Theobald s Park , near Cheshunt , Hert f ordsh ire .

THAMES STREET . City . This was the principal street in the days

when the City wall surrounded all London . of Chaucer , the Father English Poetry ,

was born here .

’

THAVIE S INN . City , Holborn Circus . Bears the name of the vanished Inn of

Chancery . Here was originally the house of l Th av ie an armourer ca led John , who , 1 8 by will dated 34 , devised it with three

shops f or the repair and maintenance of St .

204 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

s THREE CRANES LANE . City , Upper Thame

Street . So not of called , only a Sign of Three

Cranes at a Tavern door , but rather of three of on V strong cranes timber , placed the intrie

Wharf by the Th ames side , to crane up Wines ’ St r e . s Stow . . there ( yp , Bk iii , p L THROGMORTON STREET . City , othbury .

Not irnprob ab ly derives its designation from the family name of the accomplished

Sir Nicholas Throckmorton , who , from the circumstance of his having been buried in the of neighbouring church St . Catherine Cree , ’ s very possibly resided in this vicinity . (Jesse ond n l o v o . . L , ii , p L TILNEY STREET . Park ane . NO 6 n . , overlooki g Hyde Park , was for of Mrs — long the residence . Fitz Herbert , the ‘ of wedded mistress , if not the legal wife , ’ I ndon v ol V. o . . George (Jesse s L , i , p

T ITE STREET . Chelsea . M P. Named after Sir W . Tite , The

houses are modern , built in the Queen Anne

of . style , and are mostly red brick To this

the white house built f or Mr . Whistler is an

exception it is a Square , unpretentious

building faced with white bricks . The names of many artists have been associated with

Chelsea . the street . ( , G . E . Mitton , ed Besant ,

p . HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 205 L T K ENH USE R . O O . YA D City , othbury

IS M - or f named from the int house , o fice for the issue and change of these farthings f or . Was o tokens built in the reign Charles I , on of of the Site the princely mansion Thomas , of of twentieth Earl Arundel , the collector ’ the famous Arundel marbles . (Jesse s ondon L , vol . ii , p . In Toke nh ou se Yard Tom Hood went t o Ho sfle sh odd school to the Misses g , the name

of the two maiden ladies who kept the school . w as Their brother , being very sensitive , ' ” Mr as . always addressed H , and later ’ became the prototype of Charles Lamb s M r u H. unsuccessf l farce , .

K ’ TOO S COURT . Cursitor Street . ’ of B leak Hou se Cook s Court , where Mr Sna sb of . g y lived , once a place sponging

- of f or . houses , a kind semi prison debtors In one of these Sheridan spent some of his last

years .

TOOLEY STREET . Bermondsey . On the site of this street stood the inn or

of of . mansion the Abbot Battle , in Sussex From this house Battle - Bridge Stairs derive ’ n n l o do v o . their name . (Jesse s L , . iii , p

TOTHILL STREET . Westminster . of l Built on the site Tothil Fields , where , 1 in the year 793 , there was a famous bear

garden . 2 0 6 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

of Taketh name a hill near it , which is

l Toot e - ca led hill , in the great field near the ” street , says an early topographer . The name of Tot is the old British word teu t Tu esco of , the German , god wayfarers and

merchants . The third day of the week is

still named after him . Sacred stones were

s e t Tot - ll mupon heights , hence named hi s . Ed und Burke resided here also Southern ,

the dramatic poet . Betterton , the actor , ’ w as 1 M emorials born here in 63 5 . (Walcott s o Westminster f , p .

TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD . So called from the prebendal manor of

- - Toten Hall at its north west extremity , which was the ancient court - house of that of manor , and subsequently a place public ’ — Timb s s amusement , tea gardens , etc . ( Cu riosities o ondon f L , p . On the west side is the Chapel in which of M George Whitefield , the founder the etho

t o . dists , used preach Here , under the north

gallery , lie the remains Of the eminent ’ ondon sculptor John Bacon . (Jesse s L ,

vol . i , p .

TOWER BRIDGE (THE) . This famous bridge was built by Sir John son of Wolfe Barry , a Sir Charles Barry , the

builder of the Houses of Parliament .

TOWER HILL . City . : l Stow says Tower Hi l , sometime a of now large plot ground , greatly straightened

20 8 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

(Edward I II and Richard II) ; the Wake field Tower (Henry III) ; the Beauchamp L Tower , Devereux Tower , anthorn Tower , ’ and St . Thomas s Tower . There are also

the Salt Tower , Cradle , Well , and Irongate of of Towers , a description and history all u which would fill vol mes . 01 The White Tower , Keep , is the oldest of is part the fortress , the site being , it said ,

the first London camp of the Conqueror . The date given f or the commencement of 1 0 8 1 0 the actual building is 7 . In 97 , in the of l reign Wil iam Rufus , the work was still n proceedi g . Here have been held prisoners : of many foreign notables David , King of of Scots ; John , King France ; Charles of Blois the Duke Orleans . Until the reign of Charles I I the Tower was occupied as a palace by all ou r kings and

queens . Before and since that period it was the prison of many important traitors and

supposed traitors and a place of execution . Considerations of space forbid the mention of of n more than a few the more promine t , the first recorded prisoner being Ralph of Flambard , Bishop Durham , who had assisted William Rufus in the construction of the fortress . Here were beheaded : Lord Dudl ey ; the Duke of Northumberland ; Lord Guildford

Dudley , and his wife , Lady Jane Grey ; of Bal the Earl Essex ; Strafford , Laud , L merino , ovat , Monmouth , Norfolk , Queen HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 2 0 9

Anne Boleyn , Queen Katherine Howard . Here Queen Elizabeth w as imprisoned by her sister Mary ; here Sir Walter Raleigh

passed many weary years . Here the young in Princes were murdered . Here , the Wake

field Tower , the Crown Jewels are kept . n TRAFALGAR SQUARE . Chari g Cross .

1 8 — 2 as Built 3 9 5 , is named from the l t of o victory Nels n , to whom a column is erected on the south Side the four colossal of bronze lions at the base the pedestal ,

R A o modelled by Sir E . Landseer , . were 1 added in 867 . The whole square is paved ’ Timb s s Cu riosities o ondon with granite . ( f L ,

p . of Here , in the time Richard I I , stood the ’ M o King s ews , where Chaucer , the p et , would M ’ al come to look after his aj esty s f cons .

TREVOR SQUARE . Knightsbridge . SO named from Sir John Trevor , who had

on . 1 8 1 8 a house its Site Was built about . ’ M emorials o ni hts rid e K b . (Davis s f g g , p M TRU P STREET . City . T of he p—ersons who followed the trade trumpet makers mostly lived , in all prob

ability , in Trump Street , formerly Trump ’ M e o ial l . mr s A ley , near the Guildhall (Riley s th e Cit ond n of y of L o . )

TURNAGAIN LANE . City, Farringdon Street .

The name suggests Tindale ’ s words in 1 4 2 1 0 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

1 1 t u rna aine 53 , a g lane which they cannot ’ Harb e n s Dictionar o goe through . ( y f n n o do . L , p MILL RN . TU STREET Clerkenwell . IS of of great antiquity , and peculiar i nterest , from its disreputable associations , f or it having been infamous centuries past . Early in the fourteenth century it is men t ione d old Tr lrn l in an document as y y Street . Stow explains that Tu rnmill Street w as SO l t o or ca led from its proximity the Fleet , Tu rnmill or Tre mill Brook , because divers

mills were erected upon it . It was long a Tru nb all vulg rly called Turnbull and Street . SO well known was once the depraved Char acter of the street that frequent references are to be found in the works of our early dramatists to Turnbull Street and its profligat e I . V inhabitants Shakespeare (Henry , Act I II , Se c ond Part 1 8 , written about 5 9 ) alludes to this B artholo ew Fair . m highway Ben Jonson in ,

1 6 1 . 4 , also refers to it Formerly a large por ' ’ tion of this district was called Jack Ketch s

Warren , from the fact that a great number of persons who were hung at Newgate were

brought from the courts and alleys here . ’ Timb s s ondon and estminster L W . ( , vol i , 2 66— pp . 9 ) U

UNION COURT . Holborn . ’ Originally called Scroop s Court . It de rived this name from the noble family of

2 1 2 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

in 1 80 M a air Crewe , 9 . ( yf , G . E . Mitton , p

At his house in this street died William , of of Duke Cumberland , the victor Culloden , ’ 1 6 n n . o do in 7 5 (Jesse s L , vol . i , p .

V

VALE OF HEALTH Hampstead Heath .

of This curious little cluster buildings , situated in a basin near to one of the Hamp h as al stead ponds , ways attracted consider

able attention . Here Leigh Hunt came to live in 1 8 1 6 his house w as on the site of the V of ale Health Hotel . There are very ol few even tolerably d houses left here . The place is now dedicated to the Sweeping tide of merry - makers which flows over it every a s ad H te . . i . m recurring Bank Hol day ( p , G E

Mitton , p .

VAUXHALL . al ’ Originally c led Fulke s Hall , is supposed ul or to have derived its name from F ke , e Faulk , de Breaut , a distinguished Norman of n warrior in the reign Ki g John , who obtained the manor of Lambeth by right of his marriage with Margaret de Ripariis or

Redvers . The name was corrupted Into Fau xe h all or Fox— , hall , and afterwards into

Vauxhall . It seems not improbable that the notorious Guy Faux was descended from

- no the above named marriage , there being HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 2 1 3

w as doubt that he a resident in this parish , n ' where , accordi g to Pennant , he lived in a ” large mansion called Faux Hall . The best - known memories associated with Vauxhall are derived from its far - famed for gardens , which nearly a century and a of all half were the resort the wit , rank ,

gallantry , and fashion of the land , and the Site of which has been rendered classic ground of by the genius Addison , Fielding , Goldsmith , ’ ’ Mmd Ar la e b . Horace Walpole , and y (Jesse s

London . . , vol iii , p

: VERE STREET . Oxford Street So l V w h o f or ca led after the De eres , many centuries previous t o the Harleys had held ’ Th ornb u ld the Earldom of Oxford . ( ry s O n l and N ew ondo v o . . L , iv , p R VIGO STREET . egent Street . V w as Originally igo Lane , which SO named in of al V honour the nav battle at igo Bay .

VILLIERS STREET . Strand . Stands on the site of Old Hungerford V Market , and is named from the illiers , of on of Dukes Buckingham , the Site whose

princely mansion it is erected . Here Charles Dickens when a boy worked at a blacking factory for t w o miserable of years , at a salary Six or seven Shillings a

week , while his father and mother and several of M their children were in the arshalsea . To the associations of the blacking factory w e 2 1 4 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

ow e i Fag n , the Artful Dodger , and Mr . S dl e i wee p pe . in Evelyn and Steele lived this street , and , K more recently , Rudyard ipling .

VINE STREET . Holborn , Clerkenwell Road .

in Formerly called Mutton Hill , thought , ’ Pinks Histor o lerkenwell t o y f C , be derived ' from the word meeting , anciently spoken ’ motein g , in reference to the Clerks Mote

or - (Saxon) meeting place by the Well . ’ Timb s s u riosi i n t es o ondo ( C f L , p .

1 M VI NE STREET . City , 9 , inories . i Named from a vineyard anc ently there .

VI NE STREET . Westminster , 5 , Swallow

Street . i of Denotes the S te a vineyard , probably ’ of Timb s s Cu riosities o that the Abbey . ( f ndon Lo . , p

W

WALBROOK . City .

- or Named from the ancient Wal brook , i of ls of r ver Wel , mentioned in a charter the

o - lo Conqueror to the College f St . Martin of Moorfields Grand . It rose to the north , al and passing through London W l , between M Bishopsgate and oorgate , ran through the

city ; for a long time it was quite exposed ,

and had over it several bridges , which were maintained by the Priors of certain religious

2 1 6 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

WARDOUR STREET . Soho .

Derives its name from Henry , third Lord of imlica e Arundel Wardour , who was p t d i n i of the nfamous accusations Titus Oates . ’ nd n ol o o v . . (Jesse s L , i , p

WARWICK CRESCENT . Paddington . Here Robert Browning lived after the death of of his wife , and much his poetry , notably w as The Ring and the Book , written here .

WARWICK LANE . City , Newgate Street .

Took its name from the i nn or house of the

- celebrated Warwick the King maker . Stow mentions his coming t o London in the famous of 1 8 Six all convention 45 with hundred men ,

in red j ackets , embroidered with ragged w as staves , before and behind , and lodged in

Warwick Lane , in whose house there was

often Six oxen eaten at a breakfast , and every taverne w as fu ll of his meate ; for hee that had

any acquaintance in that house , might have so of there much sodden and rost meate , as

he could pricke and carry upon a long dagger . ’ ts o ondon Stree . (Smith s f L , p

WATER LANE . City . Maitland says ° In Water Lane is Situ' n ated Tri ity House , which belongs to an of Ma ancient Corporation riners , founded in ’ Henry VIII S time for the Regulation of Seamen and the security and convenience of on ou ships and mariners r coasts . In the HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON 2 1 7

’ s said King s reign lived Sir Thoma Spert , K o l of wh o w as night C mptrol er the Navy , the first founder and master of the said w as com society of Trinity House . He mander of the biggest Ship that then the sea Henr Grace de Dieu bore , namely y , built by King Henry near the beginning of his i re gn . C one of The orporation , the consider K ablest in the ingdom , is governed by a

master , four wardens , eight assistants , and of as the eldest brothers the Company , they of are called . The rest the Company

are called Younger Brothers , without any

fixed number . For any seafaring men that will are admitted into the Society under that no name . But they are t in the Government .

Their service and use is , that they appoint all pilots they set and place the buoys and sea - marks f or the safe direction of Ships in

their sailing . For which they have certain

duties payable by Merchant men . They c an licence poor seamen , antient , and past t o se a t o of a going , exercise the calling waterman upon the Thames ; and take in ’ not t o fares , tho they have been bound any ’ one o e rme n free f the Wat s Company .

M WATERLOO PLACE . Pall all .

James Hogg , the Ettrick Shepherd , stayed l t o here during his on y visit London . Here al so was published the famous L ondon M aga zine s , in which many notable work first 2 1 8 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

’ ’ Essa s appeared , as Lamb s y and De Quincey s n es ions o an O iu ma Co s E ter f f p , etc .

WATE RLO W PARK . Part of which was given to the public Wat erlo by Sir Sydney w . In these grounds

stood the famous Lauderdale House , built 1 6 0 w as about 5 , that long ago the residence of V of the iceroy Scotland under Charles I I , of To the Duke Lauderdale . Lauderdale House the King brought the merry- hearted l sh e Nel Gwynne , and it was here that is said to have forced her royal lover to acknow of ledge himself to be the father her boy ,

of . the future Duke St Albans , by threatening to drop the Child out of the window if he Skirt o h t o do so. s t e Great Cit refused ( f y ,

M e . rs . . A . G B ll , p

WATLING STREET . City . Is considered to have been the principal of one street Roman London , and of four as as grand Roman ways in Britain , well a of n British road before the arrival the Roma s . ’ i sities o ondon Timb s s Cu r o . ( f L , p ' Is part of the ancient Roman w ay t h at t o traversed England from Dover Cardigan .

The name has been derived from Adeling , Wat h e lin a nobleman , from whence g and ’ ndon n Streets o Lo . Watli g . (Smith s f , p

WELBECK STREET . Cavendish Square .

Named after Welbeck Priory near Ollerton , of of Nottinghamshire , the seat the Duke

2 20 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

r century that the waters fi st became famous . Howitt says they were carried fresh every day t o for sale Holborn Bars , Charing Cross , and

other central spots . ' The famous painter , Constable , lived

6 1 0 . here in a house then numbered , now John Keats and his brothers lodged in Well 1 8 1 Walk , next to the Wells Tavern , in 7 1 8 and the seat on which K eats loved to Sit under a grove of trees at the most easterly ll end is sti called by his name . Here Howitt found him sobbing his dying breath into a Ha stead . m handkerchief ( p , G . E . Mitton , 1 2 0 pp . 7 , ,

W . ELLI NGTON SQUARE . Chelsea Named after the famous Duke of Welling w as of ton , whose brother Rector Chelsea h ls a C e e . . ( , G . E Mitton , ed Besant , p

WELLINGTON STREET . Strand . A Short but broad opening to Waterloo of w as Bridge . The name Waterloo given t o in 1 8 1 6 this structure by Parliament , as the finest monument f or one of the greatest

victories recorded in history up to that date . ’ 1 l w as on 1 8 1 8 . a It opened June , 7 (T lis s nd n t et iews L o o S re V . )

WEST HALKIN STREET . Belgrave Square .

of Named after Halkin Castle , the Duke ’ M a air Westminster s seat in Flintshire . ( yf , M G . E . itton , p . HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 2 2 1

WEST HILL . . Highgate . on hi V It was this ll that Queen ictoria , in w as the year after her accession , saved from what might have been a very serious accident by the landl ord of the neighbouring w h o Fox and Crown Inn , arrested the of frightened horses the royal carriage , at of own i the risk his l fe , as they were dashing

dow n the steep descent . In West Hill Lodge the poets William and Mary Howitt lived and worked for several not old years , and far from their home is for Holly Lodge , which was long the home of the generous and hospitable Baroness

- Skirts o th Great it . e Burdett Coutts ( f C y , Mr s . . . A G . Bell , p

WEST SMITHFIELD . City . Here is one of the Royal Hospitals of the City and the first institution of the kind in i established the metropol s , St . Bartholo ’ now mew s Hospital , approaching the r eight hund edth anniversary of its foundation . It was originally a portion of the Priory of Rah re . e St Bartholomew , founded by in ’ 1 1 0 2 Tirnb Cu rio i i s on . s n s t e o o d . ( s f L , p WESTMINSTER ABBEY (The Collegiate of Church St . Peter in Westminster) .

Founded by Edward the Confessor . The main portion of the present Abbey (a name which originally meant a monastery rul ed by w as an abbot) built by Henry I II , his work

being carried on by Edward I , Richard I I , 2 2 2 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

V VII Henry , Henry , and numerous Abbots , the glorious dream - building being the work of

many centuries . But the first church on this hallowed ground goes much further

back than Henry III . on Th orne e According to the legends , y of (the Isle Thorns) , where the Abbey stands , f D o A. . Sebert , King the East Saxons ( built a Church at the instance of the first L M w h o Bishop of ondon , ellitus , a Roman ,

had been consecrated by S . Augustine . n However that may have been , it is certai that Edward the Confessor built a church D 1 0 there which was consecrated A. . 65 or 1 0 66 , and was succeeded by the Abbey much a 1 D. 2 6 s w as A. we know it , which opened 9 , or 0 t o 1 0 more than 65 years ago . Up 54 the Abbey was the Church of a Benedictine it s E cclesia monastery , proper title being then A a i Wes monasteriensis bb t ce t . The monastery

was dissolved by Henry . VII I in the year M of above mentioned . uch the nave is the work of Edward the Confessor this being incorporated in the glorious scheme

of Henry I II . a It h as been called the Valh lla of the English .

Here lie Kings , Queens , and Princes , Bishops ,

Barons , and Knights , Warriors and Statesmen ,

Abbots and Priests , Poets , Authors , and M Ph ilant h I O ist S usicians , Divines and p , of Actors and Dramatists , and here the body that Unknown Warrior of the greatest

and most terrible of all wars . But merely

2 24 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

chief promoter of the scheme for widening the approach t o the City in front of Temple ’ M od rn i r Bar . (Welch s e H sto y of th e City of ondon L , p .

L ’ . i WHETSTONE PARK incoln s Inn F elds .

Here in a squalid house once lived Milton . In the reign of Charles I I this was one of the

worst neighbourhoods in London , a great

resort of thieves and vagabonds . In the State Poems there is a set of verses entitled On the three Dukes killing the Beadl e on n 2 6 1 6 1 Sunday mor ing , Feb . , 7 . Smith says : The three Dukes were sons of

Charles I I , but he does not say which . l l In a drunken frolic they assau ted the bead e , i not who unfortunately lost his l fe . It does appear that the young men were ever called t o account for what they had done .

M a WHITCO B STREET . Pall Mall E st .

in Formerly called Hedge Lane , which the days of Charles I was what its name implied a lane running into the fields and bordered ’ Streets o ondon by hedges . (Smith s f L , p .

WHITE HART COURT . City , Bishopsgate .

Here is one of the most celebrated Quaker — meeting houses in London , which acquires additional interest from the fact that the of great Penn , founder Pennsylvania , used HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 2 2 5‘

t o frequent it and there deliver his religious ’ nd n Streets o o o . sentiments . (Smith s f L , p

l WHITE HORSE STREET . Piccadil y . So called from a famous hostelry Situated

there .

E . WHITE LION STR ET . Norton Folgate l M o d r of . The P iory St ary Spital , founded 1 1 t o on or in 97 , appears have stood near ‘

of . the site this street Close by , at the of corner Spital Square , stood the famous al or s Spit pulpit cros , where for nearly three centuries sermons were preached three times

during Easter , in the open air . On these occasions the Lord Mayor and Aldermen o of never failed t attend in their robes state . On the occasion Of Queen Elizabeth visiting al 1 of Spit Cross in 559 , her guard consisted wh o a thousand men in complete armour , a of m rched to the sound drum and trumpet , her progress being enlivened by the grotesque

of - antics morris dancers , while in a cart were ’ t w o nd n ol o o v . white bears . (Jesse s L , ii ,

p .

WHITECHAPEL . Stepney . of Derives its name from the Church St .

— - Mary Matfelon o riginally a chapel of - ease ’ Du ns a — . t n s to St , Stepney which , from the of w as whiteness its exterior , called the White

Chapel . This is the principal entrance into ’ London from the eastern counties . (Jesse s L ndon o . , vol ii , p . I s 2 2 6 HISTORI C STREETS OF LONDON

WHITECROSS STREET . City , Fore Street .

Derives its name from a white cross which on i ’ stood the site on which it is bu lt . (Jesse s London , vol . iii , p .

WHITEFRIARS STREET . City , Fleet Street .

Named from an establishment of Wh ite ’ Timb s s u io i ie robed Carmelites . ( C r s t s of ondon L , p .

WHITEHALL . Charing Cross . Although the present remains of Whitehall not are comparatively modern , reaching of farther back than the time the Tudors , yet we know from history that there was a palace standing here as early as the reign of of Henry I I I , when the Chief Justice England ,

of . Hubert de Burgh , Earl Kent , resided in it At his death he left it to the Black Friars of Ar Holborn , who sold it to the chbishop of York ; and his successors in that se e made it their town residence for nearly three n of centuries . The last dig itary the Church

who tenanted it was Cardinal Wolsey , under whom it became one of the most sumptuous

p alaces in England . The ancient pal ace of Whitehall (if we it s of include precincts) was great extent , stretching from close t o where now stands Westminster Bridge nearly up to Old Scot

land Yard . Whitehall was known as York Place when

2 28 . HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

AN D WI LTON CRESCENT WILTON PLACE .

Knightsbridge . Many distinguished persons have lived : 1 here . At Wilton Place No . 5 , Sir James of Hou omn o t . Macdonald , the defender g l 1 6 At Wi ton Crescent No . , the Right Hon . M P N O 2 James Lowther , . at . 4 , Henry 20 Hallam ; at No . , Sir George Wombwell ,

Bart at No . 3 7 , Lord Chewton , who was ill of M a air k ed at the Battle the Alma . ( yf , M G . E . itton , p .

WIMPOLE STREET . Cavendish Square .

Said t o be named from Wimpole in Cam b rid e sh ir g e . Here have resided many famous i L men , ncluding Admiral ord Hood , Edmund l Burke , Hallam , Wi kie Collins , etc .

WI NCHESTER STREET . Southwark . of Named from the Bishops ' Winchester , whose episcopal palace and gardens stood

near the south end of London Bridge . In 1 8 1 4 nearly the whole of the remains of the

ancient mansion was destroyed by fire . ’ nd n Lo o . . (Jesse s , vol iii , p

1 WI NE OFFICE COURT . City , 45 , Fleet

Street . Goldsmith lodged here in 1 761 when he an a a e ld beg t o write The Vic r of W kfie . Here is old a famous chop house , the Cheshire ’

Cheese , long noted for its punch . (Timbs s Cu rio iti n n s es o Lo do . f , p HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON 2 2 9 n WOBURN SQUARE . Holbor .

Named from Woburn , where is situated the o f Bedf ordshire seat f the Dukes o Bedford .

1 2 2 WOOD STREET . City , , Cheapside . Wood Street and Wh it e cross Street are said t o have been the last streets in London in which the houses were distinguished by

signs . These were removed about the year 1 n 773 . The a cient cross which stood in Cheapside t o mark the spot where the remains of of Queen Eleanor , consort Edward I , rested on th e way t o Westminster Abb ey ’ s s stood nearly opposite Wood Street . ( Jes e nd 1 n . 6 Lo o . , vol iii , pp ,

K . e . WOODSTOC STREET 349 , Oxford Stre t

In this street the celebrated Prince Talley rand resided at the time of th e execution of ’ n L ondo . i . s . ou s XVI (Je se s L , vol i , p

WORSHIP STREET , Shoreditch . La u Once called Hog ne . In the Old Fo n ’ w as — dry near by John Wesley s meeting house , or of place worship , and it is surmised that s the present name w as o derived .

’ mi WRESTLERS COURT . City , Camo le

Street . ’ In Stow s time there w as a house call ed The Wrestlers against the wall of the u a City , from which this co rt took its n me . ’ Harb i ar d n e ns Dict on o on o . ( y f L , p 2 3 0 HISTORIC STREETS OF LONDON

Y

YORK BUILDI NGS . Adelphi . Derived their name from the Palace of the of occu Archbishops York , which anciently ’ nd n l i . o o v iii L o . pied the r site (Jesse s , , p 344)

K . YOR PLACE . Portman Square N 1 ll o. on i At 4 , the east Side , Wi iam P tt took up his abode Shortly after his resigna . ’ 1 80 1 5 tion of the Premiership in . (Jesse nd l n v o . Lo o . , i , p

YORK STREET . Covent Garden . ’ of Named after James , Duke York . (Jesse s nd n Lo o . . , vol i , p

’

K i . . YOR STREET . Westm nster , St James s

Formerly called Petty France , from the number of French refugees wh o settled here on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by ’ nd n L o o . ouis XIV . (Jesse s L , vol . i , p of Named after the Duke York , afterwards r L James I I . This was the fi st street in ondon ’ f r - Streets paved o foot passengers . (Smith s o ndon Lo . f , p

2 3 2 INDEX

M f Cat nach r. 1 8 1 Brandon , Charles , Dukeof Su folk , , , I 0 1 1 3 , 9 9 Cave , printer , 74 e 2 1 2 8 1 1 Breaut , Faulk de , Cavendish , Henrietta , 4 , 4 i i Brereton , Aust n , 7 5 Chamberla n , Joseph , 4 5 1 1 1 1 m6 Bretagne , Dukes de , 3 , 3 3 , 9 5 Chambers , Ephrai , 4 2 1 0 l 0 Brooke , Lord , , 4 Chambers , Sir Wi liam , 3 G Brooks , Shirley , 3 9 Chandos , rand Duke of , 4 9

2 1 0 1 1 I 4 5 7 5 , Brougham , Lord , 9 , 9 9 , 3 , 5 Charles , 4 4 , , 1 2 1 6 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 Browning , Robert , 3 7 , 5 , 3 , 4 7 . 5 , 5 4 , 7 , l 0 Brown ow , Sir John , 3 0 2 1 2 0 1 8 Brownlow , Sir William , 4 Charles II , , 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 9 , 4 , i 8 1 o 1 6 Buck ngham , Dukes of , 3 , 4 , s , 5 , 74 , 7 5 , 7 7 , 9 3 , 9 4 , 9 , 2 1 1 0 8 1 2 1 2 6 1 2 1 1 8 3 , 4 , , 4 , 73 , 5 , 1 8 8 1 Bunyan , John , 43 , , 9 5 6 8 ' 1 1 Burbage , James , Charles , 9 2 2 6 1 60 Burbage , Richard , 3 , , 7 Charlotte , Queen , - 2 2 1 Fe rrars Burdett Coutts , Baroness , Chartley , Sir Robert de , 1 1 8 Burdett , Sir Francis , 74 4 1 0 6 1 0 Burgh , Hubert de , Earl of Kent , Chatham , Earl of , , 5 2 2 0 7 Chatterton , 4 6 2 0 6 2 2 8 Ge ofire 2 0 2 1 8 Burke , Edmund , 9 , , Chaucer , y, , 3 5 , 9 , 9 , Burlington and Cork , Earls of , 3 7 , 6 1 1 h e s t e rfie ld 1 4 3 , , 3 4 , Earls of , 3 3 , 9 4 i i fi 1 0 Burnet , Gilbert , B shop of Sal s Chester eld , Lord ( Stanhope) , 3 1 8 2 2 8 bury , 9 Chewton , Lord , 0 1 60 Burney , Miss Fanny , 7 , Cheyne , Viscount , 5 5 1 0 i 6 Bute , Earl of , 9 Ch chester , Bishops of , 5 B 1 0 0 6 utler , Charles , Child , Sir Josiah , 3 l l n le y 2 1 . Ch o r onde Butler , Dr Wil iam Ye Olde , Lord , ’ 1 8 1 2 1 Dr . Butler s Head 3 Churchill , Colonel John , y 2 1 Butler , James , Duke of Ormond , Cibber , Colle , 9 , 7 7 , 9 4

1 5 2 . Cibber , Mrs , 9 7 60 6 1 68 1 8 Butler , Samuel , , 3 , Cipriani , 1 8 2 8 1 1 6 1 l 8 Byron , Lord , , , 9 9 , , 3 7 , Clare , Ear s of , 5 1 Clar e s n 1 73 g , Sir Joh , 7 fi 1 Clar e s Sir B yron , William ( fth Lord) , 5 4 , g , Walter , 5 9 1 5 5 Cleveland , Duchess of , 59 Cliflord , Elizabeth , 5 9 2 f 60 Caermarthen , Lord , 4 Cli ford , Robert de , e 2 0 2 C sar , Julius , 7 Clive , Lord , 9 1 1 Cadogan , Baron , 4 4 Clive , Mrs . , 4 l Cadogan , Earls of , 4 4 Clyde , Lord (Sir Colin Campbel ) , e 1 1 1 8 Camden , Lord Chanc llor 5 2 6 Camden , Marquis of , Cobden , Richard , 3 4 1 8 1 o Canning , George , , 9 4 Cobham , L rd ( Sir John Old 1 1 Canterbury , Archbishop of , 7 3 , castle) , 5 2 0 1 0 3 Cochrane , Lord , 5 1 0 1 6 8 u 2 Canute the Dane , 7 , Coleridge , Sam el Taylor, 4 , 5 7 , 2 Carey , Henry , 7 1 1 8 2 2 8 Carey , Nicholas , 4 7 Collins , Wilkie , 3 5 , 4 , 0 1 Carlisle , Lady , 4 7 Compton , Bishop , 7 , 4 4 r 1 6 2 1 2 2 0 0 , , 5 5 Cong eve , , 9 , Carlyle Thoma's 1 60 2 20 Caroline , Queen , Constable , John , F 1 Cary , Rev . H . . , 4 5 Cooper , Sir Anthony Ashley , 44 1 8 1 0 Cat , Christopher , 9 Cooper , Sir Astley , 5 INDE' 2 3 3

C 1 0 1 oram , Captain , 7 Dunraven , Earl of , 4 7 1 8 1 o 60 Corcoran , Dyer , Ge rge , 1 1 2 1 2 Cornwall , Barry , Dyer , Sir Edward , 9 l 1 Coutts , Mrs . (Miss Me lon) , 9 9 6 2 0 Coventry , Lord Keeper , 3 Edgar , King , 1 d r 6 Coventry , Mr . Secretary , 5 3 E mund the Marty , 5 m 0 es 6 1 Cowley , Abraha , 5 Edward the Conf sor , 3 , 9 7 , 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 Cowper , 3 , 1 0 1 a 1 8 Cox , Mr . Justice , Edw rd l . 5 . 9 . 1 Crabbe , 7 , 4 4 2 1 2 1 Crewe , Lord , Edward II , 9 5 2 6 I I I 2 6 60 1 8 Cromwell , Elizabeth , Edward , 7 , 4 , , 99 , 5 , li 2 6 1 6 1 6 Cromwell , O ver , , 5 , , 5 , 6 6 1 8 Edward IV , , 7 l a 6 VI 8 1 2 6 1 1 Cromwel , Rich rd , 5 Edward , 3 , 5 7 , , 3 7 , 5 5 66 1 6 8 Crosby , Sir John , Edward , the Black Prince , 1 2 Cruikshank , 7 7 Eldon , Lord Chancellor , 7 , 4 7 , 6 8 Cumberland , Earl of , 5 9 7 . 9 1 2 2 1 2 u 1 1 2 2 Cumberland , Duke of , 3 , Eleanor , Q een , 5 , 79 , 9 1 Ge or 6 1 Cunningham , Peter , 3 5 Eliot , e , 5 , 49 0 0 Elizabeth , ueen , 3 , 4 3 , 5 , 5 4 , 6 80 8 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 Dacre , Lord , 9 . 4 . 9 7 . . 5 . . 3 . 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 6 1 2 0 Damer , Hon . Mrs . , 4 , 3 9 , 5 9 , 7 , 9 7 , 9 , 6 Danvers , Sir John , 9 ’ D Arb la 2 1 h y , Madame , 3 4 , 3 Ellenboroug , Baron , 3 3 , 5 3 6 l n 1 0 2 Dartmouth , Earl of , 9 El is , Sir He ry , Sir ll 1 6 1 8 1 1 1 1 Davenant , Wi iam , Ely , Bisho of , 3 , 4 , 7 2 0 8 David , King of Scots , Emerson , alph Waldo , 5 5 6 Ennismore 8 Davies , Mary , 9 , Viscount , 3 6 E rke nw ald 2 Davies , Sir Thomas , 9 , Bishop , 3 6 2 1 1 2 1 1 Defoe , Daniel , 4 3 , , 9 3 , 4 5 , 5 5 Erskine , Lord , 1 0 8 2 0 8 De la Motte , 5 Essex , Earl of , 4 , a l x 8 0 l e De Veres , E r s of O ford , , Ethe r d , King , 5 9 2 Etty , William , 4 e T 8 Dever ux , homas (Earl of Euston , Earls of , 5 1 8 2 1 Essex) , 7 Evelyn . John . 7 3 . 5 . 4 1 2 i 8 Devonshire , Dukes of , 7 , 7 Exeter , B shops of , 4 a 2 Devonshire , E rls of , 7 Dib din 2 1 1 2 0 0 f 8 1 8 2 , Charles , , 3 7 , Falsta f , Sir John , , 2 6 1 Farindone i li le 8 Dickens , Charles , , 3 , 3 3 , 3 5 , , W l am , 7 Farrer , Sir William , 1 2 1 0 1 1 6 1 6 1 1 8 2 1 1 9 , 3 , 3 5 , 4 , , 5 , G 1 1 2 1 2 Fawkes , uy , 5 , in 2 0 Disraeli , Benjam , 3 Ferguson , astronomer , 3 4 ’ D Israe li 1 ie ldin 2 2 1 , Isaac , 7 , 3 3 g , 4 , 3 1 8 8 8 Dobson, William , inke , Robert , 9 Dods le 1 2 y , Robert , 5 5 Fisher , Jasper , 7 - 7 2 0 0 . 2 0 Doggett , Thomas , 7 , Fitz Herbert , Mrs 4 ’ D O rs a n 1 0 k y , Cou t , 3 Fitzroy , Charles (Du e of af 0 Dover , Baron (Henry Jermyn ) , Gr ton) , 9 , 9 9 h Flambard , Ralph , Bis op of G 2 0 8 Downing , Sir eorge , 74 Durham , 6 6 1 6 2 2 Dryden , 3 , 9 , 9 , 3 Fleetwood , Lord Deputy , 4 3 0 1 2 Dudley , Duchess of , 7 Fletcher , Bishop , 9 80 2 0 8 6 1 2 Dudley , Lord , , Fletcher , John , 7 , 9 2 34 I NDEX

2 Gu n lde i i Foley , Lord , 9 y (n ece of K ng Canute) , 1 0 1 1 0 Forster , John , 3 , 3 5 7 Gu t h e ran 1 0 8 Foubert , Major , 9 3 ( a Dane) , 1 8 6 1 G 8 6 Fox , Charles James , , uy , Thomas , 6 1 0 G 8 1 6 2 1 8 Foxe , John , 5 , 4 wynne , Nell , 7 7 , 7 , 9 7 , 5 , 2 0 8 France , John , King of , 2 2 2 Franklin , Benjamin , 5 Hakluyt , 3 ri k 1 8 1 l 68 Frede ca , Duchess of Yor , Ha ford , Sir Henry , Sir a i 1 0 Frederick , Christopher , 9 3 H l fax , Earl of , 3 r 1 Frith , Richa d , 9 4 Halifax , Marquis of , 79 6 2 2 8 Frobisher , Sir Martin , 5 Hallam , Henry , Sir i m a 1 0 8 Furnivall , W lliam , 9 4 Ha ilton , J mes , 0 6 Fuseli , 3 Hamilton , Lady , 9 W 6 Hamilton , Sir illiam , 9 G i 1 0 1 6 a nsborough , 7 , 5 4 Hamlet , 4 2 0 1 0 Galt , John , Handel , 4 G i 1 6 8 1 2 1 1 1 1 arr ck , David , , 77 , 5 , , Hanway , Jonas , H kn t e 1 2 ard i u , 3 G 0 1 arrick , Mrs 7 Hardwicke , Lord , 9 G c 1 6 as oyne , Sir Crisp , 3 Hardy , Thomas , 4 3 G 1 1 1 ascoyne , Sir William , 3 4 Harewood , Earls of , 8 1 1 2 Gaunt , John of , 3 Harley , Edward , G 8 1 6 2 2 2 ay , 4 , Harley of Wigmore , Baron 7 Ge ofire 1 1 y of Monmouth , 3 Harold , King , 9 9 1 1 68 1 8 8 s 2 2 George I , 3 3 , , Hasting , Warren , 3 G 1 1 1 60 Sir h 1 1 2 eorge II , 5 5 , 7 4 , 3 , Hatton , C ristopher , 8 60 1 2 1 2 1 60 George III , 4 , , 3 , 3 , Havelock , General , 5 3

G IV 1 1 6 6 2 0 Hawke sw orth . 1 00 eorge , 4 3 , , 4 , Dr John , 1 0 0 1 1 George V , Haydon , Alderman , 3 Mac clesfield 6 1 1 Gerrard , Earl of , 9 Hazlitt , William , 9 4 , 5

1 1 . 1 1 Gibbon , 5 5 , 74 Heather , Dr , 7 i 1 2 8 1 n 7 Gibbons , Gr nling , , 7 7 Henderson , Joh , 7 1 1 2 1 1 Gladstone , William Ewart , Henrietta , Queen , 4 1 8 n 1 0 Glenelg , Lord , He rietta Maria , Queen , 5 1 1 1 8 I 1 Gloucester , Duke of , 3 , 7 Henry . 7 3 . 79 . 4 5 1 1 1 1 6 1 2 0 8 2 2 1 Glover , Richard , 9 , 7 Henry III , 4 9 , 4 , 79 , , , 2 2 2 Godfrey , Sir Edmund , 4 9 i 1 1 80 Godw n , Earl , 9 7 Henry IV , 9 4 , G 2 8 1 1 8 2 2 2 oldsmith , Oliver , 4 , 3 , 4 7 , 7 , Henry V , 4 , 2 1 8 Henry VI , 4 , 7 G 1 8 8 2 2 2 ordon , General , 5 7 Henry VII , , G G 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 8 1 2 1 2 ordon , Lord eorge , , , Henry VIII , , 5 , 3 , 1 8 1 2 1 6 2 1 1 7 2 . 1 79 . 5 . 9 9 . . 7 . o 1 8 1 2 G wer , John , 9 , 9 6 2 1 2 2 1 1 H G 2 2 Gray , Thomas , , , 9 erbert , eorge , 3 Gray of Wilton , 99 Herberts (Marquises of Powis) , G 2 1 1 1 0 0 Grenville , eorge , 3 4, 1 0 1 2 R 1 1 Gresham , Sir Thomas , 5 , 3 , Herrick , obert , 7 Sir 1 Hicks , Baptist , 74 B e n amm2 2 k k . Greville , Ful e (Lord Broo s) , Hoadley , Dr j , 1 0 6 1 0 1 2 1 8 1 5 Hogarth , 4 , 7 , 9 , 4 , 75 G 6 1 0 2 0 8 1 8 rey , Lady Jane , 5 , 79 , 7 , Hogarth , Catherine , 5 1 0 6 2 1 Grosvenor , Sir Richard , Hogg , James , 7 2 1 1 Ho sfle sh 2 0 Guildford , Lord , , 7 4 g , the Misses , 5 Gui 8 1 2 ldford , Lord Keeper , 3 Holcroft , Thomas , 5

2 3 6 INDEX

n G Lyndhurst , Lord Chancellor , 9 5 , , 5 2 , 85 Morla d John eorge , 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 Lyttelton , Lord , , 5 1 8 1 1 1 n 1 2 Lytton , Lord , , 3 , 3 5 Morni gton , Earl of , 4 n l i 1 1 1 Mou tfort , Wi l am , 7 , 4 7 1 8 l 1 Macaulay , Lord , , 4 4 , 4 5 Musgrave , Sir Wil iam , 5 7 Z 1 0 0 M ddl e t on 1 8 Macaulay , achary , y Sir Hugh , 4 2 2 8 Macdonald , Sir James , 6 1 Macklin , 3 Napier , 77

. 1 66 Mackworth , Dr John (Dean of Nash , John , 2 Vis Lincoln) , 4 Nelson , Frances , Dowager Mac lise 6 1 1 1 2 , Daniel , 5 , 49 countess , 8 6 1 0 6 1 1 2 1 Macready , William Charles , 7 , 9 4 Nelson , Lord , 9 , , , 4 4 , 1 I 1 2 0 Maddox , Sir Benjamin , 3 4 77 , 9 7 , 9 1 1 2 Malmesbury , Earl of , 9 4 Neville , Sir Hugh , 9 1 1 6 Malone , Edmund , 9 3 Newcastle , Duke of , 8 1 6 Marat , 5 Newport , Earl of , 4 6 8 6 6 1 1 1 Marchmont , Lord , Newton , Sir Isaac , , 3 , 75 c 1 olle kins 1 2 Margaret of S otland , Queen , 79 N , Joseph , 4 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 00 Marlborough , Duke of , , Norfolk , Duke of , 5 , 79 , 73 , , i 1 2 0 8 Marry at , Capta n , 5 5 R 1 0 6 1 2 Marsham , Charles , Earl of om North , Lord , , 5 ne 1 7 6 1 y . 3 Northampton , Earls of , 1 0 2 1 6 Marshe , Captain , 3 Northcote , Sir James , , 5 l Ve s t land 1 5 m 2 0 8 Marston , , 3 Northu berland , Duke of , 1 Marvell , Andrew , 3 5 Northumberland and Ormond , 1 8 7 1 Mary , Queen , Dukes of , 73 1 2 a 8 8 Massinger , Phillip , 9 Northumberl nd , Earl of , 1 0 Mathews , Charles , 4 Norton Hon . Mrs . , 3 4 Matthew , Toby , Bishop of Dur 8 0 Ti 1 1 6 1 2 1 6 ham , Oates , tus , 5 , 4 , 9 4 , i 1 1 8 Maur ce , Bishop of London , 4 5 Occleve , 9 i 1 6 1 1 Mazar ne , Duchess of , 5 Oldcastle , Sir John , 5

. 1 0 0 fi 1 1 Mead , Dr , Old eld , Mrs . Anne , 3 4 , 5 4 , 1 8 1 0 1 2 Melbourne , Lord , , 3 4 , 9 9 fi 2 1 1 6 Mellitus ( rst Bishop of London) , Oliver , Isaac , 3 , 44 , 3 2 2 2 0 ‘ Opie , 3 i 1 2 0 8 Mellon , M ss , 9 9 Orleans , Duke of , G 6 1 2 Meredith , eorge , 5 Orme , 5 1 1 2 1 Millais , 7 7 Ormond , Duke of , 5 , 73 i 1 0 2 1 1 Milman , Sir Will am , 4 Ormonde , Marquis of , 2 2 7 6 1 Milton . John . 4 . 3 . 3 . 4 3 . 5 . Osnaburgh , Bishop of , 5 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 80 2 2 1 1 2 1 , 3 7 , 4 , , 4 Oxford , Earls of , 7 , 5 3 , 3 1 0 Mitford , Rev . John , 7 Oxford and Mortimer , Earls of , 1 8 2 1 8 8 1 8 Monmouth , Duke of , , , 9 Ge ofire 1 Monmouth , y of , 3 1 0 Montagu , Lady Mary Wortley , Palmerston , Lord , 3 2 1 9 . 9 5 Panton , Colonel Thomas , 5 5 u 1 0 2 T 1 2 Montag e , Duke of , Parnell , homas , 7 1 1 6 Montague , Mrs . , 4 Parr , Queen Catherine , 5 n 0 1 2 Moore , Mrs . Han ah , 7 atmore , Coventry , 4 ’

m . T 4 , 4 Pe ac h u ( , Moore , homas , 4 9 , Mrs Beggars Opera) r 1 6 Mordaunt , Charles (Ea l of Peter 5 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 borough) . 3 4 . 4 Peel , Sir Robert , 3 , 8 11 T 6 6 1 1 1 8 0 1 1 More , homas , , 5 , 5 7 , Pembroke , Earl of , , 73 , 9 5 2 0 G 1 1 3 Penn , ranville , 3 I NDEX 2 3 7

i i 1 1 2 0 2 2 1 2 1 8 1 68 2 0 Penn , W ll am , 4 5 , 4 7 , 7 , 4 Richard II , 9 4 , 5 , 5 , , 7 , n 1 1 1 1 88 1 8 2 0 8 2 0 2 2 1 Pe nant , 9 , 4 5 , 5 4 , , 9 , , 9 , 2 1 Ri r s u 8 1 3 cha d on , Sam el , 5 , 77 e 1 8 Ri m u k 2 1 P nton , Henry , 5 ch ond , D e of , 2 1 1 1 Pepys , Sir Lucas , Richmond , Earl of , 9 5 1 1 0 8 Pepys . Samuel . 4 . 5 4 . 75 . 7 . Ridley , Bishop , 3 1 1 2 1 80 1 2 00 Ri arus M 2 1 2 , , 94 , p , argaret de , 2 2 e s 1 66 Perceval , Spencer , Roch ster , Bishop of , 1 uis 1 0 6 Peter , Earl of Savoy , 79 Rockingham , Marq of , e 1 1 1 1 0 Peter the Gr at , 4 , 4 7 Rodney , Lord , t 1 2 8 Pe erborough , Bishop of , 7 Rogers , Samuel , 5 t r 1 0 i 1 0 Pe erbo ough , Earl of , 3 4 , 4 Rom lly , Sir Samuel , 9 4 , 7 s 1 m a 80 1 6 Peter , Hugh , 5 Ro ney , E rl of , , 7 8 1 1 6 e . 1 m G Phen , Dr , 49 Ro ney , eorge , 4 , i n 1 8 w 1 1 Ph lpot , Sir Joh , 5 Rook ood , Ambrose , 5

illi 2 2 s R. A . . C . 0 Pickett , W am , 3 Ro s , , Sir W , 9 i 1 h i 8 P cton , 7 7 Rossetti , C rist na , 3 i i 1 i 6 P ml co , Ben , 5 9 Rossett , Dante Gabriel , 5 i 6 C e 2 1 1 P ndar , Peter , 3 Rothes , ount ss of ,

i . 2 1 l 1 Piozz , Mrs , 9 Row andson , 7 2 1 2 2 0 8 2 2 , , i , 9 , , 3 Pitt , John Rufu's W lliam l 1 0 6 1 8 1 2 0 e 1 Pitt , Wil iam , , , 3 Rule s ( r staurant) , 3 5 Plat off Ge 1 0 i 1 , neral , 7 Rupert , Pr nce , 9 4 Pont ack s k 1 0 , 5 7 Ru in , John , 4 PO e 2 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 df p . 5 . . 3 . 9 Russell , John (Earl of Be ord) , Pe rson R 8 2 I O , ichard , 4 7 . 7 k 1 0 1 6 1 6 1 l] 1 1 Portland , Du e of , 3 , 3 , , Russell , Lady Rache , 9 2 1 i i 1 1 1 9 Russell , Lord W ll am , 4 7 , 9 m 1 1 2 Port an , Lord , 4 , 5 Russell , Sir Henry , 5 3 a l n 1 6 1 1 0 Portm n , Wil iam He ry , Rutland , Dukes of , 7

M . 1 0 2 Pou ghe t , , Sir 60 1 1 n . Du ke of 1 2 1 6 2 8 Poult ey , John , St Albans , , , 5 ,

1 00 e Mrs . 1 2 Powis , Marquises of , Savag , , 7 e Ri 1 1 Pric . John . 4 9 Savage . chard . 9 3 . 4 5 . 75 i 1 Sav le , Dorothy , 79 1 Savoy , Earl of , 79 1 7 2 Pye , Henry , Scott , John , 4 9 Gi Scott , Sir lbert , 5 7 i 1 2 1 Queen of the Sandw ch Islands Scott , Sir Walter , 1 2 1 3 Scrope , 5 i 1 2 2 1 1 Qu n , James , 4 Scrope of Bolton (family of) , K i Sebert , ng of the East Saxons , lif 6 2 2 2 Radc fe , 3 a o 1 0 Ragl n , L rd , 3 Sedley , Sir Charles , 3 3 Rah e re 2 2 1 G , Selwyn . eorge . 5 5 . 5 9 e , 1 1 5 1 8 1 Raik s , Thomas Serle , Henry , R 8 0 1 1 6 aleigh , Sir Walter , 3 7 , , 5 , Seymour , Thomas , 5 2 0 1 1 6 9 Shaftesbury , Earl of , 44 , 4 Sir 1 Sh akeS e are 2 2 6 6 8 Rash , Lionel , 59 P . 3 . 3 . 3 7 . 7 . . a 1 6 8 1 8 2 8 6 1 2 0 1 2 1 0 Rathbone , C ptain , 4 , , , 9 9 , , ld 8 1 0 1 0 Reyno s , Sir Joshua , 5 , 7 , Shaw , Cuthbert , 3 1 2 1 4 8 1 7 7 1 0 9 . . Sheepshanks , John , 7 Ri 1 ce 5 . . 3 Shelley , Mrs 5 5 1 6 2 Sh e ll e 1 1 1 Rich , y , Percy Bysshe , 5 5 , , Ri 1 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 60 1 0 chard I , 9 , 7 3 , 5 , , 9 2 3 8 I NDEX

r 1 8 1 Shepherd , Edwa d , 3 Tenniel , John , 3 5 Ri i 1 8 2 1 0 1 2 Sheridan , chard Br nsley , 4 , Tennyson , Lord , , 3 , 4 m1 Terriss , Willia , 3 5 1 2 2 0 l 9 , 5 Thackeray , Wi liam Makepeace , 1 8 6 2 6 6 8 1 1 2 0 Short , Dudley , 5 5 3 . . 7 . . 5 . 3 8 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 T a i 2 0 . 2 h v e 2 Siddons , Mrs , 7 , , 3 , , John , i 0 1 0 2 0 Sidney , Sir Ph lip , 4 , 5 , 3 The Young Pretender , 3 4 k C riac 1 2 S inner , y , 3 7 Thomson , 5 Sir 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 8 6 1 Sloane , Hans , 3 3 , , , Thornhill , Sir James , 75 Smirk 2 Mr 8 e r . , 9 Th ale , , 5

. o 1 6 i 1 0 Smith , Dr Southwo d , 4 Throckmorton , Sir N cholas , 7 , m 1 0 2 S ith , Sir Sidney , 1 0 1 00 Smith , Sydney , 5 Thurlow , Lord Chancellor , 6 8 Tic h b orn Smollett , , Alderman and Lord 1 8 0 Somerset ( Protector) , 9 Mayor , 9 Sordich 1 8 T 1 6 2 0 , Sir John de , 5 ite , Sir William , 9 , 4 6 n 6 Sothern , 3 To son , Jacob , 3 1 1 1 Southampton , Earls of , 9 Tooke , John Horne , 4 3 , 5 2 2 1 Southey , 3 Toole , 3 5 S e ddin 1 0 o 1 p g , James , 3 Torrington , L rd , 73 6 1 Spencer , Sir John , 4 Tree , Beerbohm , 4 9 8 2 1 2 n 2 0 Spenser , Edmund , , 4 Trevor , Sir Joh , 9 G 1 M 6 1 1 6 1 7 . . . 5 , 4 Spenser , abriel , Turner , J W , 5 , 3 2 1 Spert , Sir Thomas , 7 Turpin , Dick , 3 9 f i 1 2 1 0 1 6 8 1 8 7 Sta ford , Will am , 9 4 Tyler , Wat , 3 , 7 3 , 9 , , 1 8 Stanhope , Lady , fi 1 0 U 2 2 2 Stanhope , Lord Chester eld , 3 nknown Warrior , the , an fi l St s e d , 4 2 i 1 6 2 1 80 Stapleton , Walter (B shop of Vanbrugh , , 8 2 Exeter) , 4 Vandyck , 3 1 1 6 2 1 V , 44 , 3 , Steele , Richard , 3 3 , 4 4 , 5 3 , 4 andyke , Sir Anthony 1 1 8 8 Stephen , King , 7 3 , 4 5 1 1 8 1 0 1 i 1 1 7 , 1 6 , 2 2 Sterne , Lawrence , 4 , 5 , 5 5 Victor a , Queen , 9 1 i i Storey , Edward , 9 7 Vill ers , Dukes of Buck ngham , T 2 1 Stothard , homas , 4 3 3 1 1 8 1 1 8 V 1 Stow , John , 75 , , 4 , oltaire , 3 5

St rafiord 2 0 8 6 , Walcot , John ( Peter Pindar) , 3 2 l 2 1 Stratford , Ralph , 5 Walpole , Char es Horatio ,

St rat hnairne 2 2 1 2 6 1 4 7 , , Lord , 9 Walpole , Horace , , 9 , 9 , 1 0 1 1 Straw , Jack , 9 , 4 1 6 1 8 6 7 2 1 5 Strype , 7 , Walpole , Sir Robert , 4 , Su fiolk 1 0 I zaac 0 2 1 5 , Duke of , 3 Walton , , 5 , 1 8 r 1 \Valw ort h i li , 2 3 , 7 Sullivan , A thur , 7 7 , Sir W l am 1 8 1 2 6 1 0 6 Sunderland , Earl of , , 73 Warburton , Bishop , , 1 0 1 8 2 1 6 Surrey , Earl of , 7 Warwick , 7 , 2 1 6 Sutton , Thomas , 5 Warwick , Countess of , 2 8 1 VVat e rlow d 2 1 8 Swift . Dean . 5 . 4 4 . 45 . 5 . 5 5 , Sir Sy ney ,

6 1 0 0 . Swinburne , 5 , Watts , Dr 4 3 8 Weber , Carl Maria von , 9 Ah a 1 o 1 0 Tadema , , 77 Wedgw od , Josiah , 4 l 2 2 l 1 0 6 1 0 9 , Ta leyrand , Prince , 9 We lington , Duke of , , 2 0 1 Tavistock , Marquis of , e 7o Taylor , John ( the Water Poet Wesley , Charl s , 4 3 , 8 2 2 5 . 9 Wesley . John . 4 3 . 5 3 .