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The Disposal of the Property of Monastic Houses, with a Special Study of Holy Trinity Aldgate

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The disposal of the property of monastic houses, with a special study of Holy Trinity Aldgate. Rosenfield, Manuel Charles The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/1543 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] THE DISPOSAL OF THE PROPERTY OF LONDON MONASTIC HOUSES, WITH A SPECIAL STUDY OF HOLY TRINITY, ALDGATE MANUEL CHARLES ROSENPIELD Thesis sibmitted in the Faculty of Arts of the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1961 1. ABSTRACT OF THESIS This thesis is a study of the disposal by the Crown of the monastic property in the city of London and its suburbs which came into royal possession at the dissolution of the houses concerned. The period covered extends from 1532, the year in which the first London house was dissolved, to the death of Henry VIII in 1547, by which date the bulk of the property had been alienated; but occasional reference is made to subsequent transactions. The property studied comprises that of both monasteries situated in London and. those elsewhere in England, and while attention is focussed upon land and buildings used for secular purposes the disposal of monastic sites and. of spiritual income receives some notice. The results of the investigation are presented in two parts, one particular and the other general. Part I, a detailed study of the first house to be dissolved, the priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate, includes, besides four chapters dealing with the Crown's management and disposal of its property, three others furnishing a background to its surrender and examining the surrender itself. In these some light is thrown upon the circumstances and motives of the episode, including the roles of Cromwell and Audley. Part II begins with a survey of all monastic property in the area and an estimate of its annual value. Succeeding chapters examine three aspects of the processes of disposals the purchase of large quantities of the property by operators on a large scale, and, where known, its subsequent handling by them; the transfer, by gift or lease, of many smaller parcels to servants and. officers of the Crown; and the impact of such transactions upon a single London parish, that of St. Mary le Bow. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTTS Introduction Page PART I: Holy Trinity, Aidgate Chapter I: Holy Trinity, Aidgate, on the Eve of the Dissolution 9 II: Holy Trinity, Aldgate, in the Context of the Suppressions of Wolsey 37 III: The Surrender of Holy Trinity, Aldgate ....... 53 IVs Sir Thomas Audley and. Holy Trinity, Aidgate •. 71 V: Governmental Administration of the London Lands of Holy Trinity, Aidgate, 1532 - 1547 •................................. 106 VI: The London Tenants of Holy Trinity at the Time of the Surrender .................... 154 VII: Lessees, Recipients and Purchasers of the London Lands of Holy Trinity, 1532 - 1547 •..s 183 Holy Trinity: A Review and Conclusion ....... 204 PAI?1 II: Aspects of the Monastic Lands in London Chapter VIII: The London Property of Monastic Houses ....... 206 IX: The Largest Purchasers of London Monastic Property •............................•......• 280 X: The Court and London Monastic Land ........... 307 XI: The Dissolution and the Parish of St. Mary le Bow .......................................... 327 The Monastic Lands in London: Conclusion..... 348 Appendix: A View of the Account of the Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate, 1532 - 1536. Transcribed fromP.R.0.E315/279/1-14.................... 351 Bibliography: 3. ABBREVIATIONS B. M. British Museum Bul. Inst. of Hist. Res. Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research Papal Regs. Calendar of Papal Registers C. P. R. Calendar of Patent Rolls .. ., London Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem for London C. L. R. 0. Corporation of London Record Office D. K. R. Deputy Keeper's Report D. N. B. Dictionary of National Biography Davis E. Jeffries Davis, "The Beginning of the Dissolution: Christchurch, Aidgate, 1532" Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, viii, 127-50 E. H. R. English Historical Review Ec. Hist. Rev. Economic History Review G.E. C. The Complete Peerage G.E.C., edited by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs ____ Henry VIII Edward Hall, edited by Charles Whibley . 22. Historical Manuscript Commission Jour. of Ecc. Hist. Journal of Ecclesiastical History Knowl e D. Knowles, The Religious Orders in England Rev. Law Quarterly Review 4. L & P Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, edited by Brewer, Gairdner and Brodie Parish Records The Registers of St. Mary le Bowe, Jhe.psid.., edited by W. B. Bannerman Privy Purse The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry the Eight, edited by N. H. Nicolas P. C. C. Prorogative Court of Canterbury P. R. 0. Public Record Office Rep ert. Repertory Iymer Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae ...by Thomas Rymer, edited by George Holmes State Papers State Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII S. R. Statutes of the Realm Stow A Survey of London John Stow, edited by C. L. Kingsford. T. Essex Arc. Soc. Transactions of the Essex Archaeological Society T. R. H. S. Transactions of t,he Royal Historical Society V. E. Valor Ecciesiasticus V. C. H. Victoria County History 5. Introduction. This thesis, dealing with the disposal of monastic land in the city of London, is a counterpart of similar studies already made by Dr. Joyce Youings for the Sounty of Devon, Mr. G.A. J. Hodgett for Lincoinshire, Mr. 3. Kennedy for Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, and Miss Sybil Thorpe for Leicestershire. Other theses on the subject now in progress deal with Lancashire and Yorkshire, but why the dissolution in London, the chief city of the realm, should have been left largely unstudied until now is not to be easily explained. Perhaps the lack of visible remains of its monastic houses, arid of the contribution of their property to the foundation of local dynasties, may be part of the answer. There are, of course, the pioneer studies made by the late Miss Jeffries Davis and her pupil Miss Marjorie Honeybourne. Miss Davis's paper on Holy Trinity, Aidgate, was the starting-point for nr own more detailed examination of thiscase history', and I have come to a different conclusion from hers as to the significance of the dissolution of that house only with due respect for and consideration of her views. Miss Honeybourne's unpublished thesis, completed in 1929, has similarly provided a starting-point for my study of monastic property in general: her locating and valuing of the monastic sites provid.e an indispensable basis for my own work of listing and studying the properties scattered throughout the city and suburbs which yielded the houses concerned •' the bulk of their income. 6. The sources for this subject are both voluminous and. of diverse character. Three principal categories may be mentioned. The archives of the central government take pride of place as the chief source of our knowledge of the agencies whereby the monastic property was acquired, managed and disposed of: among them the records of the Court of Aumentations are of outstanding importance, but other classes of Exchequer records supplement them at many points. What the Public Record Office is to the national history, the City Record. Office is to that of the capital. Of the corporation's records chiefly used for this study those of the Court of Aldermen, Court of Common Council and the Hustings are of prime importance. The third major source consists of the records made for and originally kept by the monastic houses. These were in part taken over by the Crown at the time of the dissolution, to find their way into the public records, and. in part passed through different ownership, many eventually to reach the British Museum. It is to be regretted that so few family papers and private documents which would have illuminated this subject have survived. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first presents a detailed study of the dissolution, and the disposal of the propertyoQ. a single house, Holy Trinity, Aidgate. The second, more general in nature, surveys some aspects of the dissolution and the resulting property changes in the city. Here, after calculating the value of the secular property in the city held. by religious houses, I deal with 7. three main topics: the largest purchasers, the court and. its significance in the distribution of the property, and finally the effect of the change of ownership on one of the city parishes, St. Mary is Bow. 8. PART I. HOLY TRINITY ALDGATE. 9. CHAPTER I HOLY TRINITY, ALDGATE,ON THE EVE OF THE DISSOLUTION. In order to understand the effects of the dissolution of Holy Trinity, kldgate) and the dispersal of its property, it is necessary to review the condition of the house on the eve of its fall and to sketch its earlier history. The priory of Holy Trinity was located within the city walls, just to the west of Aidgate, with which it had a historic connexion. The site consisted of a large triangular plot of land bounded on the north by the wall, on the south by the curving Leaderthall Street and on the west by what is now Creechurch Lane and Heneage Lane; the three sides had a frontage of 600 feet apiece. The priory must have been an impressive edifice, and its lofty spire, the first of many city spires which he would see, a welcome sight to the traveller aDproaching London from the east.
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