'ii| Ijinllii i i li^«^^ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Libraru BR 1710.B25 1898 V.16 Lives of the saints. 3 1924 026 082 689 The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026082689 *- ->^ THE 3Ltt3e0 of ti)e faints REV. S. BARING-GOULD SIXTEEN VOLUMES VOLUME THE SIXTEENTH ^ ^ «- -lj« This Volume contains Two INDICES to the Sixteen Volumes of the work, one an INDEX of the SAINTS whose Lives are given, and the other u. Subject Index. B- -»J( »&- -1^ THE ilttieg of tt)e ^amtsi BY THE REV. S. BARING-GOULD, M.A. New Edition in i6 Volumes Revised with Introduction and Additional Lives of English Martyrs, Cornish and Welsh Saints, and a full Index to the Entire Work ILLUSTRATED BY OVER 400 ENGRAVINGS VOLUME THE SIXTEENTH LONDON JOHN C. NIMMO &- I NEW YORK : LONGMANS, GREEN, CO. MDCCCXCVIII I *- J-i-^*^ ^S^d /I? Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson &' Co. At the Ballantyne Press >i<- -^ CONTENTS The Celtic Church and its Saints . 1-86 Brittany : its Princes and Saints . 87-120 Pedigrees of Saintly Families . 121-158 A Celtic and English Kalendar of Saints Proper to the Welsh, Cornish, Scottish, Irish, Breton, and English People 159-326 Catalogue of the Materials Available for THE Pedigrees of the British Saints 327 Errata 329 Index to Saints whose Lives are Given . 333 Index to Subjects . ... 364 *- -»J< ^- -^ VI Contents LIST OF ADDITIONAL LIVES GIVEN IN THE CELTIC AND ENGLISH KALENDAR S. Aaron . 1 *- -^ Contents VI S. Cynddilig . « . .. •J<- -lj( VIU Contents PAGE PAGE 211 S. Ethelnoth . , 286 S. Gwodloew „ Ethelwin „ Gwrnerth 210 „ Eurfyl „ Gwryd . 293 „ Eurgain 244 „ Gwynan 322 „ Eval or Evail 310 SS. Gwyn and comp. 287 S. G wynhoedl Gwynodl . „ Gwynlleu 288 S. Failbhe I. 197 „ Gwynno 287 „ Failbhe the Little . 194 „ Gwynnog 284 „ Fergna the White . 188 „ Gwynnoro 287 „ Ffagan . 259 „ Gwynws 322 „ Ffinan 322 „ Fflewyn . 321 H „ Finan, or Finian, the Leper . 196 S. Hychan 259 SS. Fingar and Piala . 198 „ Hydroc 220 S. Finian 272 „ Hywyn 167 „ Fothadh IL . 179 „ Frithebert . 323 I „ Frithestan .... 273 S. Idloes . 271 „ Illog. 259 „ Iltut or Illtyd 249 S. Gallgo 316 SS. Indract and „ Geraint or Geron- pany . 220 tius S. 260 Ismael • 235 „ Germoc or Germoe 240 „ Isserninus . 316,318 „ GistUan . 191 „ Ita or Ytha . 171 „ Gluvias or Glywys . 219 Gofor „ .... 220 J „ Gorwst ... 318 SS. Jacut, Gwethenoc SS. Grace and Probus . 208 S. Gredifael . 304 „ Grwst . 318 „ Guinock . 21 r „ Gundleus or Gwyn- Uyw Filwr . 202 „ Guron or Goran. 210 „ Gurwal 230 „ Gwen of Cornwall 282 Gwen of Wales . 282 Gwenfaen . 296 Gwenfyl . 288 Gwenog . i6s Gwerir or Guier. 207 Gwethenoc . 192 *- -* Contents IX S. Kenan . ... 294 „ KennothaorKevoca 195 „ Kentigierna . 169 „ Kevern . 305 „ Kieran 192 „ Kigwve or Kywa . 180 s. '^' Ijl— ^ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS \Battlefields in the Maps are marked by Crossed Swords, and A Iheys by a +J Map of Britain in 580 a.d. Frontispiece Map of Britain in 750 a.d. to face p. i Map of Cornwall in the Sixth Century, SHOWING Brecknock - Gwentian and Irish Colonies „ i5 Map of Ancient Wales . 32 Plan of Early Celtic Monastic Settle- ment on Skellig-Michael, Co. Kerry „ 64 Map of Brittany, after the Migrations from Britain „ 86 Saint Gwen - Teirbron and her Three Sons, Monument in Brittany . „ 192 GWELY MELANGELL—ROCK BED OF S. MEL- ANGELL . ., 224 Tomb of S. Pabo at Llanbabo ... , 302 ^ 5, >J( ; *- -* Lives of the Saints THE CELTIC CHURCH AND ITS SAINTS. HE earliest inhabitants of the British Isles were those who in the sub-glacial period used rude chipped and flaked tools of flint and of bone a people long-headed, tall, of a gentle and patient disposition, if one may judge by their remains. Whether they lingered on till the arrival of the dusky short race we call Ivernian, Iberian, or Silurian, we have no means of saying with any approach to certainty. But there still remain along our western coasts, at the Land's End, in Pembrokeshire, in old Strathclyde, in the Western Isles, men and women with long faces, and dark hair and eyes, of a handsome type, fondly supposed to be relics of Spaniards cast ashore from the Armada, who may with greater justice be regarded as survivals of the earliest type that occupied the British Isles. But the race that prevailed was short of build, probably sallow, and with beady eyes. It is that which at a remote period covered the whole of Gaul, the north of Germany, the south of Sweden, and which arrived in Europe by the valley of the Kuban, north of the Caucasus, from the East. This people, which, wherever possible, erected megalithic monuments, symbols of its endurance VOL. XVI. A I * ' * ^ -* 2 Lives of the Saints. through all time, is the first of which we can speak with any degree of confidence. It was a race of inextinguish- able vitality. It is still largely represented in Wales, and in Ireland, and in Lancashire. It has become the dominant type in Aquitania, if not throughout France. Pure and unalloyed, or nearly so, it remains in the Berber ; dress a Kabyl in a French blouse, and he will not be dis- tinguishable from a native of Guienne. The Portuguese also represents the same race. The language spoken by this people was probably agglutinative ; like the Basque, it had not attained to that development in which inflection is found. At some remote period, certainly not later than a thousand years before Christ, a Celtic invasion of Britain took place. The great nursery of this mighty people seems to have been the Alps. The migration which came into and occupied Britain was afterwards termed Goidelic. The Goidels possessed themselves of the whole of Britain and a portion of Ireland. They subdued, but by no means exterminated, the dusky race they found in possession. They imposed on them their Aryan tongue, but themselves adopted the religion and usages of the subjugated race. How far the Goidels occupied Wales and South Britain is matter of dispute. Such an authority as Dr. Rhys holds that they completely subdued the Ivernians through- out Wales and Devon and Cornwall. This opinion is based, I believe, mainly on the Goidelic form of the in- scribed stones there found. The place-names, however, bear hardly a trace of Goidelic idiom. The Goidel said ken for head, whereas the Brython said pen. With the former five was (O.I.) coic, and the latter pump; with the former each, a horse, the latter ep. Dr. Guest has given reasons for holding that the Volcse of Southern Gaul, the Belgffi ^- -* ^- ^ The Celtic Church and its Saints. 3 of the Netherlands and Gaul, south and west of the Rhine, and the Fir-Bolgs of Ireland, were one with the Goidels. In Scotland, north of the Antonine Wall, the Ivernians lived on unsubdued under the name of Pict, but with a large infusion of Goidelic blood. We find plenty of traces of Goidelic kens there, as we do in Ireland. In or about the fourth century B.C. the whole of Europe, and indeed Asia Minor as well, were convulsed by another migration of Celts, whom the Alps could no longer contain. This was the Gallic wave, which in our island has taken the name of Brythonic. This wave overflowed all that portion of Gaul which lies between the Rhine and the Seine, and crossing into our island conquered the Goidel, who now acquired this name, expressive of contempt, as signifying the savage.^ The new-comers were armed with weapons of iron, whereas those whom they subjugated were furnished with arms of bronze, bone, and stone. Driving the Goidels before them, the Britons advanced till they reached the western sea, thrusting a wedge into Wales, and constituting the basis of what was afterwards known as the kingdom of Powys. Some must have crossed into Ireland, where they established themselves in what are now the counties of Wicklow, Wexford, and Carlow. Both Goidel and Brython, or Gael, spoke a language closely akin, but partly owing to separation through centuries, and partly through the altera- tion of Goidelic through contact with the Ivernian, there was a notable difference between the tongues when they met. In Wales, especially in the south, the Silurian, non- Aryan, tongue prevailed till the Roman conquest, and in Pictland till some centuries later. The Britons occupied the entire east of Britain to the wall uniting the Firth of Forth with the Firth of Clyde. 1 gwyddelig, sylvan, savage, Gwyddel from Qwydd, trees ; gwyddeli, bushes ; ^ . -^ ^ _ -^ 4 Lives of the Saints. This wall did not of course then exist, but later on it marked the limit of their conquest. They held the sea- board from the Solway Firth to the mouth of the Dee, and their tribe of the Ordovices, as already stated, had pierced the heart of Wales, and held the major portion of the coast of Cardigan Bay. At first they did not extend in the south-west, into Somerset and Dorset, but were able gradually and surely to roll back the natives or to enslave them. The great cradle of the Celtic stock had been the high- lands of the Alps, where, in a densely wooded region, there had been no need to use stone for building enclosures and houses. The custom grew up to live on platforms above the lakes, constructed of wood and on piles, and upon these platforms to plant clusters of hovels made of wood and wattle.