History and Archeology, Archival Studies
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SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY HISTORY AND ARCHEOLOGY, ARCHIVAL STUDIES Suleymanova Sevda Yunis Doctor of history, professor of the Department of history of Azerbaijan at Baku State University. Republic of Azerbaijan AN REVİEW Of HISTORICAL EVENTS IN THE WORKS OF NİZAMİ GANJAVİ This year is the 880th anniversary of Nizami Ganjavi, a representative of world classical poetry. The Order that President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Mr.Ilham Aliyev declared 2021 as the "Year of Nizami" says: “The distinguished representative of world literature, the great Azerbaijani poet and thinker N.Ganjavi is one of the rare figures who opened a new page in the history of humanity's artistic thought. Khamsa of Nizami Ganjavi stands at the peak of world poetic and philosophical thought ... ”[1] The great thinker gave a great impetus to the development of poetry not only in the East, but also in the world with his poems. Nizami created his famous "Khamsa" on a rich historical plot. So that, he first read books about historical events and personalities, folk legends and stories and used them as a source in his works. It is true that Nizami used written and oral information as not as a historian, but as a writer and as a thinker. For hundreds of years, prominent word masters of the Middle East, inspired by the rich poetry of the great Nizami, dedicated their most beautiful works to him. About 200 imitative poems were written to his poems, especially in "Leyli and Majnun". However, none of them was able to rise to the level of Nizami's poetry. In response to those who called Nizami Ganjavi a "Persian poet" and tried to internalize him, the founder of the Republic of Azerbaijan, M.A. Rasulzadeh, who lived as an immigrant after the Soviet invasion, in the book of "Azerbaijani poet Nizami" that he wrote in 1941 on the occasion of his 800th anniversary called him a great Turkist, Islamist, Caucasian ideologist,"Nizami, the poet of wisdom, a 534 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 51 phenomenon of nature"[2, p.9]. In the above-mentioned work, Nizami's connection with his homeland and cultural traditions with all the roots of his heart is proved by examples from his poems. M.A. Rasulzadeh writes with great pride: "If the Greeks gave Homer to the world, the Iranians gave Firdovsi, the Italians gave Vergil, we gave Nizami." [2, p.13] It is understood from his works, Nizami who was born in Ganja, 1141 got a higher education and benefited from Islamic sciences as well as Greek philosophy. From the prefaces he wrote to his works is understood that he knows his ancient Pahlavi, Jewish and other languages and use primary sources .Nizami was a devout Muslim who believed in God and was loyal to the Prophet. He was known not only as a poet, but also as a doctor and sheikh. Unlike other poets of his period, he was not a palace poet, he dominated his passion and enthusiasm as he recommended to everyone in his works, and lived by his own labor. Nizami has an order of thought that no other poet in the East had, and it consists of a harmonious system of ideological and secular views. His greatness is that his worldview, which was conceived 880 years ago, is still relevant today. So that, Nizami Ganjavi saw the honor of humanity in knowledge, and the happiness of individuals in working for society and benefiting, and called for the just rule of the state. The immortal "Khamsa" ("Makhzan-ol-Asrar ", "Khosrow and Shirin", "Leyli and Majnun", " Haft Peykar", " Eskandar-Nameh"), consisting of five poems, equated Nizami Ganjavi with the geniuses of world culture and gained fame to the Azerbaijani people who raised him. At the time of his residence, Azerbaijan was ruled by the Atabey Eldenizs, the Shirvanshah state, as well as the Agsunguri. The poet dedicated his works to the praise of these dynasties. Nizami wrote “Makhzanul- asrar” to Fakhraddin Bahram Shah Mankuchek, the ruler of Erzincan, “Khosrov and Shirin” to Mohammad Jahan Pahlava, one of the Atabeys of Azerbaijan. “Leyli and Majnun” to Akhsitan Malik Manuchohra, the stronger ruler of the Shirvanshahs, the longest-lived state in Northern Azerbaijan,“ Haft Peyker ” to Agsunguri Aladdin Korp Aslan, the ruler of MaraghaThe "Sharafname" part of "Isgendername" was dedicated to Atabay Abu-Bakra, and the second part called "Iqbalname" was dedicated to Izaddin Masud, one of the Atabeys of Mosul. 535 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY In each of these five valuable poems, N. Ganjavi speaks with great pride about the courage, bravery, devotion and loyalty of the Turkish people. In his works, the poet compares the Turkish people with other nations and always gives an unequivocal advantage to the Turks. It is no coincidence that N. Ganjavi describes Alexander with the talent of a great poet as either a Turk or a king close to the Turks. in the " Makhzan-ol-Asrar ", the first artistic expression of his ideas about a fair system he believed that kings and rulers would be corrected by recommending to them therefore, he wanted to influence the modern kings by giving the image of a just king, which he received from history and legends, as his ideal. In particular, he condemned despotism and injustice in the stories "Nushiravan and the Owls' Conversation" and "Sultan Sanjar and the Old Woman". The socio-philosophical ideas were expressed by the great poet in the poems "Khosrov and Shirin", " Haft Peykar " and " Eskandar-Nameh " are also reflected in folk legends. So that, a number of rulers described by N. Ganjavi in folk legends were occupiers, usurpers and cruel people interested in world domination. Fitna in the poem " Haft Peykar ", Shirin in the poem "Khosrov and Shirin" and Nushaba in the work "Eskandar-Nameh " were the images of the ruler who valued the fair, just, worldly goods and kingdom as a temporary blessing that the poet eventfully wanted to see. Nizami's information about the system of political power led by women (the Greeks call it gynecological power) is connected with the notions of the Amazon tribe, which are sometimes mentioned in ancient historical fiction books [3, p.304]. In the time of Herodotus, this was already considered a legend. The poet's thoughts about the world conqueror Alexander's visit to the South Caucasus and his meeting with the ruler of Barda Nushaba are also considered to be the poet's imagination. There is no such fact in history. It is an undeniable fact that the works created by the great thinker of the Turkic world Nizami Ganjavi with incomparable artistic and scientific values are based on a rich historical plot. The richness and invaluableness of Nizami's works, one of the valuable figures of Renaissance culture, was in his connection with the artistic description he used as a master poet, along with his perfect language style and original historical sources. The many stories about historical events and personalities 536 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 51 that have appeared in books for centuries or that have been told in folklore have been skillfully used to enrich these literary pearls has also played an important role. He was well ahead of the famous utopians Thomas More and Tomazo Campanella by creating an ideal state philosophy. References: 1. Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev dated 05.01.2021 // Azerbaijan newspaper, January 6, 2021 2. Rasulzade M.A. Azerbaijani poet Nizami. Baku, 2011,520 p. 3. Aliyarli S. With undisclosed topics of our history. Baku, 2012, 560 p. 537 .