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Apollo 7 Mission Report December 1968

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APOLLO 7 MISSION REPORT _ i .:•:,:.:':.:.:•:.:.:.:, ,4: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: | o%%%%%°o=o%•o%•o 0 ::::::::::::::::::::::: (/) .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:. _ =_iiiiii!_iiiiiiiiiiiiiii ,oO.%Oo%,,o.%,.-.o,- ..,,,,oo,o,. oo.o,,,oo,o•ooo.,,oo,o. ,o,,,,•oo,o oo.°ooo,...o•°.,,,.o,,o • ., .... ,o,.o ,°,,o.,o,,,. •.,,,ooo,oo,,.,,.,,o.,o ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: .=%Oo=..=*oO.-.°..=%. ::::::::::::::::::::::: i:i:!:i:!:i:i:i:i:i:i:i ,,,:::::::::::=,o.,,.,. ::::::::::::::::::::::: iii!!iiiiiii!!!!!!!!! .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:. • • • • • o_%%%,o• ::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: • ,,_•o%O_%%,.%o • • ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: Oo,o,,O•,,O,Oo%,.,o%• ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: DISTRIBUTION AND REFERENCING .,.,,.o.,o, ...oo,o,,,o.%-.-,,°,,,o,oo o=o,.-,, •:.:,:.:,:,:,:.:,:.:.:, This paper is not suitable for general distribution or referencing, it may be referenced i!i!iii!_!ii!iiiiiii!i i only in other working ca,reepondonca and documents by participating organizations. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER HOUSTON,TEXAS DECEMBER 1968 • o,°. ...... ::::::::::::::::::::::: ,%.o,,,,,,%,.-•O,Oo% .:.:.:.:-:.:-:.:.:.:,:. i:!:i:i:i:i:i:i:i:i:]:i .:.:.:.:.:.:.2.:.:.:.:. %,.%,•,,,,,,,,%,,-,, *,o.,.o.,,-.o=.,-o.o-,O APOLLO SPACECRAFT FLIGHT HISTORY Mission Spacecraft Description Launch date Launch site PA-1 BP-6 First pad abort Nov. 7, 1963 White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex. L_ A-001 BP-12 Transonic abort May 13, 196h White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-101 BP-13 Nominal launch and May 28, 196h Cape Kennedy, exit environment Fla. AS-102 BP-15 Nominal launch and Sept. 18, 196_ Cape Kennedy, exit environment Fla. A-O02 BP-23 Maximum dynamic Dec. 8, 196_ White Sands pressure abort Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-103 BP-16 Micrometeoroid Feb. 16, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment Fla. A-O03 BP-22 Low-altitude abort May 19, 1965 White Sands (planned high- Missile Range, altitude abort) N. Mex. AS-104 BP-26 Micrometeoroid May 25, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment and Fla. service module RCS launch environment PA-2 BP-23A Second pad abort June 29, 1965 White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-105 BP-9A Micrometeoroid July 30, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment and Fla. service module RCS launch environment A-00_ SC-002 Po_er-on tumbling Jan. 20, 1966 White Sands boundary abort Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-201 SC-009 Supercircular Feb. 26, 1966 Cape Kennedy, entry with high Fla. heat rate AS-202 SC-011 Supercircular Aug. 25, 1966 Cape Kennedy, entry with high Fla. heat load (Continued inside back cover) F /_ MSC-PA-R-68-15 APOLLO 7 MISSION REPORT PREPARED BY Apollo 7 Mission Evaluation Team APPROVED BY George M. Low Manager Apollo Spacecraft Program NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION MANNED SPACEC_ CENTER HOUSTON, TEXAS December 1968 m_ o _J iii CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 SUMMARY ....................... 1-1 2.0 MISSION DESCRIPTION ................. 2-1 3.0 TRAJECTORY ...................... 3-i 3.1 LAUNCH ..................... 3-1 3.2 EARTH ORBI T .................. 13-2 3.2.1 Rendezvous Maneuvers ......... 3-2 3.2.2 Service Propulsion Maneuvers ..... 3-3 3.3 ENTRY ..................... 3-5 3.4 S-IVB AND SERVICE MODULE ENTRY ......... 3-5 4.0 LAUNCH VEHICLE PERFORMANCE SUMMARY .......... 4-1 5.0 COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE PERFORMANCE ........ 5-1 5.1 STRUCTURES ................... 5-1 5.1.1 Structural Loads Analysis ....... 5-1 5.1.2 Vibration ............... !5-2 5.2 AERODYNAMICS .................. 5-16 5.3 THERMAL CONTROL ................ 5-20 5.4 THERMAL PROTECTION ............... 5-24 5.5 EARTH LANDING ................. 5-37 5.6 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ............... 5-37 5.7 ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION ......... 5-38 iv Section Page 5.8 FUEL CELLS AND BATTERIES ............ 5-39 5.8.1 Fuel Cells .............. 5-39 5.8.2 Batteries ............... 5-_0 5.9 CRYOGENICS ................ 5-55 5. l0 SEQUENTIAL ................... 5-6_ 5.11 PYROTECHNIC DEVICES .............. 5-6_ 5.12 LAUNCH ESCAPE ................. 5-64 5.13 EMERGENCY DETECTION .............. 5-64 5.14 COMMUNICATIONS ................. 5-64 5.14.1 Command and Service Module Equipment ............. 5-65 5.14.2 Command and Service Module/Manned Space Flight Network ....... 5-66 5.14.3 Spacecraft/Apollo Range Instrumentation Aircraft ..... 5-68 5.15 INSTRUMENTATION ............... 5-89 5.15.1 Operational Instrumentation ...... 5-89 5.15.2 Flight Qualification Instrumentation .......... 5-89 5.16 GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL SYSTEMS • • • 5-92 5.16.1 Mission Related Performance ..... 5-93 5.16.2 Guidance and Navigation System Performance ............ 5-101 5.16.3 Stabilization and Control System Performance ............ 5-103 5.16.4 Entry Monitor System ......... 5-103 v Sect ion Page 5.17 REACTION CONTROL SYSTE_ ............ 5-149 5.17.1 Service Module Reaction Control System ............... 5-149 5.17.2 Command Module Reaction Control System ............... 5-150 5.18 SERVICE PROPULSION ............... 5-158 5.18.1 Engine Performance .......... 5-158 5.18.2 Propellant Utilization and Gaging System ............... 5-159 5.18.3 Propellant Thermal Control ...... 5-159 5.19 CREW SYSTEMS .................. 5-168 5.19.1 Pressure Suit and Cabin Circuits . 5-168 5.19.2 Oxygen Distribution Circuit ..... 5-169 5.19.3 Thermal Control System ........ 5-170 5.19.4 Water Management ........... 5-171 5.19.5 Waste Management ........... 5-172 5.19.6 Pos tlanding Ventilation ....... 5-173 5.20 CREW STATION .................. 5-183 5.20.1 Crew Provisions ........... 5-183 5.20.2 Displays and Controls ........ 5-185 5.20.3 Windows ............... 5-185 5.20.4 Lighting ............... 5-185 5 •20.5 Equipment Stowage .......... 5-186 5.20.6 Intravehi eular Activity ....... 5-186 vi Section Page 5.21 CONSUMABLES ................. 5-186 5.21.1 Service Propulsion System Propellants ............ 5-186 5.21.2 Reaction Control System Propellants ........... 5-187 5.21.3 Cryogenics .............. 5-188 5.21.4 Water ............. 5-189 6.0 FLIGHT CREW ..................... 6-1 6.1 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE ........... 6-1 6.1.1 Training ............... 6-1 6.1.2 Flight Activities .......... 6-1 6.1.3 Human Factors ........... 6-4 6.1.4 Operational Equipment Evaluation . 6-4 6.2 FLIGHT CREW REPORT .............. 6-21 6.2.1 Mission Description ........ 6-21 6.2.2 Systems Operation ......... 6-23 7.0 BIOMEDICAL EVALUATION ............... 7-1 7. i INFLIGHT .................... 7-1 7.1.1 Bi oins trument at ion Performance .... 7-i 7.1.2 Physiological Data .......... 7-2 7.1.3 Medical Observations ......... 7-3 7.1.4 Oxygen Enrichment Procedure ..... 7-6 7.2 PHYSICf_L EXAMINATIONS ............ 7-6 vii Section Page 8.0 MISSION SUPPORT PERFORMANCE ............. 8-1 8.1 FLIGHT CONTROL ................. 8-1 8.1.1 Prelauneh Operations ......... 8-i 8.1.2 Powered Flight ............ 8-i 8.1.3 Orbital ............... 8-2 8.1.4 Entry Phase ............. 8-9 8.2 NETWORK .................... 8-10 8.3 RECOVERY OPERATIONS .............. 8-ii 8.3.1 Landing Areas and Recovery Force Deployment ............. 8-11 8.3.2 Command Module Location and Retrieval ............. 8-11 8.3.3 Direction Finding Equipment ..... 8-13 8.3.4 Command Module Postrecovery Inspection ............. 8-14 8.3.5 Command Module Deactivation ..... 8-15 9.0 EXPERIMENTS ..................... 9-i 9.1 EXPERIMENT S005 _ SYNOPTIC TERRAIN PHOTOGRAPHY ................. 9-2 9.2 EXPERIMENT S006- SYNOPTIC WEATHER PHOTOGRAPHY ................. 9-ii i0.0 ASSESSMENT OF MISSION OBJECTIVES ........... i0-i i0 .i GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION ATTITUDE CONTROL (PI.12) ........... 10-1 10.2 MIDCOURSE NAVIGATION (Pl.15) .......... 10-2 viii Section Page I0.3 STABILIZATION AND CONTROL ATTITUDE DRIFT CHECKS (P2.7) ................ 10-2 i0.4 SEXTANT/HORIZON SIGHTINGS ........... 10-3 ii.0 ANOMALY SUMMARY ................. ii-i ii.i LOSS OF S-BAND SUBCARRIERS ....... ii-i ii. 2 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION ........... 11-2 11.3 WATER GUN TRIGGER STICKING ........... 11-2 11.4 SHI_T ON FLIGHT DIRECTOR ATTITUDE INDICATOR . 11-3 11.5 MOMENTARY FAILURE OF ROTATION HAND CONTROLLER ................. 11-3 ii.6 ENTRY MONITOR SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS . 11-4 ii, 7 ADAPTER PANEL DEPLOYMENT ............ 11-5 ii. 8 COMMAND MODULE WINDOW FOGGING ....... 11-6 11.9 FLIGHT QUALIFICATION COMMUTATOR FAILURE 11-6 ii.i0 WATER NEAR WASTE WATER DISCONNECT 11-7 ii.ii MOMENTARY LOSS OF AC BUSES ......... 11-7 11.12 BATTERY CH_/_GING ............. ; 11-8 11.13 UNDERVOLTAGE INDICATION ON DC BUSES A AND B 11-8 11.14 FUEL CELL EXIT TEMPERATURE INCREASE ...... 11-9 ll.15 INADVERTENT PROPELLANT ISOLATION VALVE SWITCHING .................. ll-9 ll.16 VOICE COMMUNICATIONS DURING LAUNCH PHASE .... ll-10 ll.17 ERRATIC OPERATION OF WATER EVAPORATOR .... ll-ll ll.18 CONDENSATION IN CABIN ............. ll-ll ix Section Page Ii .19 FOOD ...................... ii-ii 11.20 BATTERY MANIFOLD LEAK
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  • Apollo Space Suit

    Apollo Space Suit

    APOLLO SPACE S UIT 1962–1974 Frederica, Delaware A HISTORIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LANDMARK SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 DelMarVa Subsection Histor y of the Apollo Space Suit This model would be used on Apollo 7 through Apollo 14 including the first lunar mission of Neil Armstrong and Buzz International Latex Corporation (ILC) was founded in Aldrin on Apollo 11. Further design improvements were made to Dover, Delaware in 1937 by Abram Nathanial Spanel. Mr. Spanel improve mobility for astronauts on Apollo 15 through 17 who was an inventor who became proficient at dipping latex material needed to sit in the lunar rovers and perform more advanced to form bathing caps and other commercial products. He became mobility exercises on the lunar surface. This suit was known as famous for ladies apparel made under the brand name of Playtex the model A7LB. A slightly modified ILC Apollo suit would also go that today is known worldwide. Throughout WWII, Spanel drove on to support the Skylab program and finally the American-Soyuz the development and manufacture of military rubberized products Test Program (ASTP) which concluded in 1975. During the entire to help our troops. In 1947, Spanel used the small group known time the Apollo suit was produced, manufacturing was performed as the Metals Division to develop military products including at both the ILC plant on Pear Street in Dover, Delaware, as well as several popular pressure helmets for the U.S. Air Force. the ILC facility in Frederica, Delaware. In 1975, the Dover facility Based upon the success of the pressure helmets, the Metals was closed and all operations were moved to the Frederica plant.