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APOLLO 7 MISSION REPORT _ i .:•:,:.:':.:.:•:.:.:.:, ,4: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: | o%%%%%°o=o%•o%•o 0 ::::::::::::::::::::::: (/) .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:. _ =_iiiiii!_iiiiiiiiiiiiiii ,oO.%Oo%,,o.%,.-.o,- ..,,,,oo,o,. oo.o,,,oo,o•ooo.,,oo,o. ,o,,,,•oo,o oo.°ooo,...o•°.,,,.o,,o • ., .... ,o,.o ,°,,o.,o,,,. •.,,,ooo,oo,,.,,.,,o.,o ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: .=%Oo=..=*oO.-.°..=%. ::::::::::::::::::::::: i:i:!:i:!:i:i:i:i:i:i:i ,,,:::::::::::=,o.,,.,. ::::::::::::::::::::::: iii!!iiiiiii!!!!!!!!! .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:. • • • • • o_%%%,o• ::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: • ,,_•o%O_%%,.%o • • ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: Oo,o,,O•,,O,Oo%,.,o%• ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: DISTRIBUTION AND REFERENCING .,.,,.o.,o, ...oo,o,,,o.%-.-,,°,,,o,oo o=o,.-,, •:.:,:.:,:,:,:.:,:.:.:, This paper is not suitable for general distribution or referencing, it may be referenced i!i!iii!_!ii!iiiiiii!i i only in other working ca,reepondonca and documents by participating organizations. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER HOUSTON,TEXAS DECEMBER 1968 • o,°. ...... ::::::::::::::::::::::: ,%.o,,,,,,%,.-•O,Oo% .:.:.:.:-:.:-:.:.:.:,:. i:!:i:i:i:i:i:i:i:i:]:i .:.:.:.:.:.:.2.:.:.:.:. %,.%,•,,,,,,,,%,,-,, *,o.,.o.,,-.o=.,-o.o-,O APOLLO SPACECRAFT FLIGHT HISTORY Mission Spacecraft Description Launch date Launch site PA-1 BP-6 First pad abort Nov. 7, 1963 White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex. L_ A-001 BP-12 Transonic abort May 13, 196h White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-101 BP-13 Nominal launch and May 28, 196h Cape Kennedy, exit environment Fla. AS-102 BP-15 Nominal launch and Sept. 18, 196_ Cape Kennedy, exit environment Fla. A-O02 BP-23 Maximum dynamic Dec. 8, 196_ White Sands pressure abort Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-103 BP-16 Micrometeoroid Feb. 16, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment Fla. A-O03 BP-22 Low-altitude abort May 19, 1965 White Sands (planned high- Missile Range, altitude abort) N. Mex. AS-104 BP-26 Micrometeoroid May 25, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment and Fla. service module RCS launch environment PA-2 BP-23A Second pad abort June 29, 1965 White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-105 BP-9A Micrometeoroid July 30, 1965 Cape Kennedy, experiment and Fla. service module RCS launch environment A-00_ SC-002 Po_er-on tumbling Jan. 20, 1966 White Sands boundary abort Missile Range, N. Mex. AS-201 SC-009 Supercircular Feb. 26, 1966 Cape Kennedy, entry with high Fla. heat rate AS-202 SC-011 Supercircular Aug. 25, 1966 Cape Kennedy, entry with high Fla. heat load (Continued inside back cover) F /_ MSC-PA-R-68-15 APOLLO 7 MISSION REPORT PREPARED BY Apollo 7 Mission Evaluation Team APPROVED BY George M. Low Manager Apollo Spacecraft Program NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION MANNED SPACEC_ CENTER HOUSTON, TEXAS December 1968 m_ o _J iii CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 SUMMARY ....................... 1-1 2.0 MISSION DESCRIPTION ................. 2-1 3.0 TRAJECTORY ...................... 3-i 3.1 LAUNCH ..................... 3-1 3.2 EARTH ORBI T .................. 13-2 3.2.1 Rendezvous Maneuvers ......... 3-2 3.2.2 Service Propulsion Maneuvers ..... 3-3 3.3 ENTRY ..................... 3-5 3.4 S-IVB AND SERVICE MODULE ENTRY ......... 3-5 4.0 LAUNCH VEHICLE PERFORMANCE SUMMARY .......... 4-1 5.0 COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE PERFORMANCE ........ 5-1 5.1 STRUCTURES ................... 5-1 5.1.1 Structural Loads Analysis ....... 5-1 5.1.2 Vibration ............... !5-2 5.2 AERODYNAMICS .................. 5-16 5.3 THERMAL CONTROL ................ 5-20 5.4 THERMAL PROTECTION ............... 5-24 5.5 EARTH LANDING ................. 5-37 5.6 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ............... 5-37 5.7 ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION ......... 5-38 iv Section Page 5.8 FUEL CELLS AND BATTERIES ............ 5-39 5.8.1 Fuel Cells .............. 5-39 5.8.2 Batteries ............... 5-_0 5.9 CRYOGENICS ................ 5-55 5. l0 SEQUENTIAL ................... 5-6_ 5.11 PYROTECHNIC DEVICES .............. 5-6_ 5.12 LAUNCH ESCAPE ................. 5-64 5.13 EMERGENCY DETECTION .............. 5-64 5.14 COMMUNICATIONS ................. 5-64 5.14.1 Command and Service Module Equipment ............. 5-65 5.14.2 Command and Service Module/Manned Space Flight Network ....... 5-66 5.14.3 Spacecraft/Apollo Range Instrumentation Aircraft ..... 5-68 5.15 INSTRUMENTATION ............... 5-89 5.15.1 Operational Instrumentation ...... 5-89 5.15.2 Flight Qualification Instrumentation .......... 5-89 5.16 GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL SYSTEMS • • • 5-92 5.16.1 Mission Related Performance ..... 5-93 5.16.2 Guidance and Navigation System Performance ............ 5-101 5.16.3 Stabilization and Control System Performance ............ 5-103 5.16.4 Entry Monitor System ......... 5-103 v Sect ion Page 5.17 REACTION CONTROL SYSTE_ ............ 5-149 5.17.1 Service Module Reaction Control System ............... 5-149 5.17.2 Command Module Reaction Control System ............... 5-150 5.18 SERVICE PROPULSION ............... 5-158 5.18.1 Engine Performance .......... 5-158 5.18.2 Propellant Utilization and Gaging System ............... 5-159 5.18.3 Propellant Thermal Control ...... 5-159 5.19 CREW SYSTEMS .................. 5-168 5.19.1 Pressure Suit and Cabin Circuits . 5-168 5.19.2 Oxygen Distribution Circuit ..... 5-169 5.19.3 Thermal Control System ........ 5-170 5.19.4 Water Management ........... 5-171 5.19.5 Waste Management ........... 5-172 5.19.6 Pos tlanding Ventilation ....... 5-173 5.20 CREW STATION .................. 5-183 5.20.1 Crew Provisions ........... 5-183 5.20.2 Displays and Controls ........ 5-185 5.20.3 Windows ............... 5-185 5.20.4 Lighting ............... 5-185 5 •20.5 Equipment Stowage .......... 5-186 5.20.6 Intravehi eular Activity ....... 5-186 vi Section Page 5.21 CONSUMABLES ................. 5-186 5.21.1 Service Propulsion System Propellants ............ 5-186 5.21.2 Reaction Control System Propellants ........... 5-187 5.21.3 Cryogenics .............. 5-188 5.21.4 Water ............. 5-189 6.0 FLIGHT CREW ..................... 6-1 6.1 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE ........... 6-1 6.1.1 Training ............... 6-1 6.1.2 Flight Activities .......... 6-1 6.1.3 Human Factors ........... 6-4 6.1.4 Operational Equipment Evaluation . 6-4 6.2 FLIGHT CREW REPORT .............. 6-21 6.2.1 Mission Description ........ 6-21 6.2.2 Systems Operation ......... 6-23 7.0 BIOMEDICAL EVALUATION ............... 7-1 7. i INFLIGHT .................... 7-1 7.1.1 Bi oins trument at ion Performance .... 7-i 7.1.2 Physiological Data .......... 7-2 7.1.3 Medical Observations ......... 7-3 7.1.4 Oxygen Enrichment Procedure ..... 7-6 7.2 PHYSICf_L EXAMINATIONS ............ 7-6 vii Section Page 8.0 MISSION SUPPORT PERFORMANCE ............. 8-1 8.1 FLIGHT CONTROL ................. 8-1 8.1.1 Prelauneh Operations ......... 8-i 8.1.2 Powered Flight ............ 8-i 8.1.3 Orbital ............... 8-2 8.1.4 Entry Phase ............. 8-9 8.2 NETWORK .................... 8-10 8.3 RECOVERY OPERATIONS .............. 8-ii 8.3.1 Landing Areas and Recovery Force Deployment ............. 8-11 8.3.2 Command Module Location and Retrieval ............. 8-11 8.3.3 Direction Finding Equipment ..... 8-13 8.3.4 Command Module Postrecovery Inspection ............. 8-14 8.3.5 Command Module Deactivation ..... 8-15 9.0 EXPERIMENTS ..................... 9-i 9.1 EXPERIMENT S005 _ SYNOPTIC TERRAIN PHOTOGRAPHY ................. 9-2 9.2 EXPERIMENT S006- SYNOPTIC WEATHER PHOTOGRAPHY ................. 9-ii i0.0 ASSESSMENT OF MISSION OBJECTIVES ........... i0-i i0 .i GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION ATTITUDE CONTROL (PI.12) ........... 10-1 10.2 MIDCOURSE NAVIGATION (Pl.15) .......... 10-2 viii Section Page I0.3 STABILIZATION AND CONTROL ATTITUDE DRIFT CHECKS (P2.7) ................ 10-2 i0.4 SEXTANT/HORIZON SIGHTINGS ........... 10-3 ii.0 ANOMALY SUMMARY ................. ii-i ii.i LOSS OF S-BAND SUBCARRIERS ....... ii-i ii. 2 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION ........... 11-2 11.3 WATER GUN TRIGGER STICKING ........... 11-2 11.4 SHI_T ON FLIGHT DIRECTOR ATTITUDE INDICATOR . 11-3 11.5 MOMENTARY FAILURE OF ROTATION HAND CONTROLLER ................. 11-3 ii.6 ENTRY MONITOR SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS . 11-4 ii, 7 ADAPTER PANEL DEPLOYMENT ............ 11-5 ii. 8 COMMAND MODULE WINDOW FOGGING ....... 11-6 11.9 FLIGHT QUALIFICATION COMMUTATOR FAILURE 11-6 ii.i0 WATER NEAR WASTE WATER DISCONNECT 11-7 ii.ii MOMENTARY LOSS OF AC BUSES ......... 11-7 11.12 BATTERY CH_/_GING ............. ; 11-8 11.13 UNDERVOLTAGE INDICATION ON DC BUSES A AND B 11-8 11.14 FUEL CELL EXIT TEMPERATURE INCREASE ...... 11-9 ll.15 INADVERTENT PROPELLANT ISOLATION VALVE SWITCHING .................. ll-9 ll.16 VOICE COMMUNICATIONS DURING LAUNCH PHASE .... ll-10 ll.17 ERRATIC OPERATION OF WATER EVAPORATOR .... ll-ll ll.18 CONDENSATION IN CABIN ............. ll-ll ix Section Page Ii .19 FOOD ...................... ii-ii 11.20 BATTERY MANIFOLD LEAK