hshgu, hshgu, No. 188 IVOIVO Summer 1999 YYNEWS hHuu† pui Dr. Carl Rheins Joins YIVO Weiner and Rosovsky Honored as Executive Director enefit Dinner ollowing a six-month long BRaises $1.5 Million Fnational search, Dr. Carl Rheins, currently Special YIVO Institute Assistant to the President for for Community Relations at Adelphi Jewish University, becomes Executive Research Director of YIVO beginning in hHshagr September. Dr. Rheins, a specialist Dr. Carl Rheins in modern European history, uuhxbaTpykgfgr received his B.S. with Distinction in History from thbxyhyuy ≈ thbxyhyuy the University of Wisconsin, and his Ph.D. in hHuu† Modern European History from the State University of New York at Stony Brook (SUNY). A long-term educator and university executive, Dr. Rheins has served in many capacities at Adelphi Harvey Krueger, honoree Walter Weiner and Bruce Slovin. University, including those of Vice President and “This is my way of giving back,” said Mr. Weiner. Dean of Student Life and Development, and Vice ontinuity and community were the themes of President for External Affairs and Community CYIVO’s 74th Annual Benefit Dinner on April 27. Relations, prior to his current assignment. “After a long heroic journey, YIVO now is in its As an educator and historian, Dr. Rheins has permanent home, the Center for Jewish History,” taught courses in Modern Jewish History at SUNY YIVO Chairman of the Board Bruce Slovin said, at Stony Brook and Adelphi University; his greeting the 500 guests in the ballroom of New research and publications have focused on Jewish York’s Pierre Hotel. “Tonight we celebrate YIVO’s reactions to anti-Semitism, the Holocaust and the role as the primary bridge between the life of our history of the Jewish community in Germany. He Jewish Eastern European ancestors and the has variously served as a judge of the National growing interest in that culture among our youth.” Jewish Book Awards (Holocaust category), as a YIVO’s commitment to Yiddish and Yiddish Site Evaluation Team member for the American culture shone brightly throughout the evening. In Academy for Liberal Education and on the Board special greetings—in Yiddish—devoted YIVO of Directors of the Coalition on Higher Education board member Motl Zelmanowicz stressed the of the Jewish Community [continued on page 5] importance of Yiddish and of YIVO as the repository of Jewish life and struggle. YIVO YIVO has reopened to researchers on an APPOINTMENT Leadership Forum Chair Rita K. Levy and fellow ONLY basis. The entrance is at the Center for Jewish History, committee member Cathy Zises [continued on page 3] 15 West 16th Street. See story on Page 12. For an appointment, researchers should call (212) 246-6080.

CONTENTS: Chairman’s Message . . . .2 Astrinsky Appointed New Board Members . . .3 New Head Librarian . .13 Hirsz Abramowicz Book .4 Summer Programs . . . . .16 50th Anniversary Edition Women’s Committee . . .17 of College Yiddish . . . . .5 Archives ...... 18 New Bund CD ...... 6 Development ...... 19 Dina Abramowicz Zelmanowicz on Yiddish . .6 Mission to Lithuania . . .20 helps launch father’s book. YIVO Posters in Warsaw .7 New Accessions ...... 24 Max Weinreich Center . .8 YIVO Donors ...... 28 Page 4 Bruce Slovin, Dr. Walter Reich and honoree Dr. Henry Rosovsky. Fall Lecture Series . . . . .11 Letters ...... 30 “There is a little ‘Bobruisk’ in each of us,” said Dr. Rosovsky. Message from the Chairman of the Board YIVO Looks to the Future YIVO is taking giant steps forward into The YIVO library and archives have now re-opened to the new millenium. First I want to researchers, by appointment only. We look forward to welcome Dr. Carl J. Rheins as YIVO’s new having our Center partners here later this year, and to the Executive Director. His broad expertise in gala Center opening scheduled for spring, 2000. higher education and administration at The first YIVO Mission trip, “From Shtetl to State,” took a Adelphi University, as well as his Ph.D. in group of 24 persons, including a college student and a 13- modern European year-old boy, to Lithuania, Moscow and Israel. The YIVO News history from SUNY at mission’s success is revealed in the travelogues beginning Stony Brook, make him on page 22. Founded in 1925 in Vilna, Poland as the Yiddish Scientific Institute and a particularly good fit I bid a fond farewell to outgoing Head Librarian Zachary headquartered in New York since 1940, with YIVO. Baker, who has anchored the YIVO library for many years YIVO is devoted to the history, society Our Annual benefit with devotion. We will miss him and wish him well in his and culture of Ashkenazic Jewry and Dinner this past April new position at Stanford University. I also want to welcome to the influence of that culture as it raised $1.5 million as our new Head Librarian, Aviva Astrinsky, who comes to us developed in the Americas. Today, YIVO stands as the preeminent center we honored our new from the University of Pennsylvania. She brings her own for East European Jewish studies; Board member Walter wealth of experience and enthusiasm to YIVO. Yiddish language, literature and Weiner and the eminent In the year 2000, YIVO will expand its outreach to folklore; and the study of American scholar, Dr. Henry younger generations, while continuing the original focus of Jewish immigration. Rosovsky with Lifetime Max Weinreich and the YIVO founders on Yiddish, Chairman of the Board Bruce Slovin Achievement Awards. It scholarship and education. Simon Dubnow’s words in 1891 Executive Director was a great evening— still resound today: “I appeal to all educated readers…to Carl J. Rheins warm, friendly and the old and the young…come join the camp of the builders Director of Development focused on the future. of history!” and External Affairs Ella Levine Director of Research Development and External Affairs Lisa Epstein Director of Finance Reclaiming Roots and Administration by Ella Levine, Development Director Assaf Astrinsky Chief Archivist “We rise by raising others, and he who bends over to aid the fallen, Marek Web stands erect.” Head Librarian —Rabbi Jacob Weinstein Aviva Astrinsky Head of Preservation YIVO’s roots are in Vilna, but very few By supporting YIVO you are ensuring Stanley Bergman signs of what our organization once stood that our community shall not disappear. Production Staff for remain there. In May, a group of 24 While the buildings may not survive, and Editor people—diverse in both age and family the rich Jewish life has vanished from Elise Fischer history—returned to what is now many cities, we are here to preserve and Yiddish Editor Lithuania. Some were retracing their teach a history unlike any other. Hershl Glasser earliest memories; others went to find the At the Benefit Dinner, I was struck by Production Editors places they knew from stories passed the number of young people who were in Jerry Cheslow, Kim Hirsh down from generation to generation. The attendance, speaking Yiddish with pride. Contributors group members shared a desire to under- We invite you to join us and become Dina Abramowicz, Zachary Baker, Nikolai stand their heritage and to reclaim it the link between the rich Jewish past and Borodulin, Chava Boylan, Krysia Fisher, Shaindel Fogelman, Leo Greenbaum, Chana exactly where it almost cost them or their the Jewish future—Me’Dor Le’Dor. Be part Mlotek, Fruma Mohrer, David Rogow, Jenny relatives their lives 50 years ago. of a community committed to preserving Romaine, Jeffrey Salant, Elisheva Schwartz, While reclaiming one’s family history and teaching East European history Yermiyahu Ahron Taub, Bella Hass made for an emotional journey, perhaps and culture, where services and rich Weinberg, Bina Weinreich what made it all the more important was historical resources are brought to a 15 West 16th Street the condition of Jewish life in Lithuania— world-wide academic community, New York, NY 10011 once the cradle of Eastern European students and the public, and where Phone: (212) 246-6080 Jewish scholarship, culture and history. genealogical services, exhibits and Fax: (212) 292-1892 www.baruch.cuny.edu/yivo/ There are very few remnants of that past. varied cultural programs open endless YIVO is one of the last testimonies to the opportunities and challenges into the rich history that was once housed there. Jewish future.

2 YIVO News Peretz and Weiner Join YIVO Board IVO is proud to announce founder of The Electric Newsstand, the largest Ythe two newest members of periodical site on the Web, among many other its Board of Directors: Martin business ventures. He is the honorary chairman of Peretz, editor-in-chief of The the Jerusalem Foundation and a long-term friend New Republic and lecturer on of YIVO and the Center for Jewish History. social studies at Harvard Mr. Weiner, honored at the 1999 YIVO Benefit University; and Walter H. Dinner with a Lifetime Achievement Award (see page 1), brings with him broad professional Dr. Martin Peretz Weiner, the newly retired Chairman and Chief Executive expertise, an enthusiasm for Jewish genealogy, Officer of Republic New York Corporation and its and a record of distinguished philanthropic principle subsidiary, Republic Bank of New York. community and professional activities. Although

They were elected at the board meeting on newly retired, he remains a consultant to and YIVO News February 1, 1999. director of the Republic New York Corporation Dr. Peretz—a journalist, academic, entrepreneur and Republic Bank of New York. Mr. Weiner is a and philanthropist—is an invaluable addition trustee of the Museum of Jewish Heritage, the to YIVO. As the top editor at The New Republic New York Community Trust and the International since 1974, he has received awards for excellence Sephardic Education Foundation. from Columbia University and the University of Dr. Peretz and Mr. Weiner share a strong Missouri Schools of Journalism. Dr. Peretz is also commitment to YIVO’s mission. Their election active in investments on the World Wide Web. demonstrates YIVO’s dedication to building an He is co-founder and co-chair of the board of institution that will continue to be the pride of the TheStreet.com, a subscription financial daily, and Jewish community in New York and worldwide.

Benefit Dinner [continued from page 1] Leadership Forum welcomed everyone in Yiddish and English, and a Chair Rita K. Levy warm feeling of mishpokhe prevailed. The (L) and Committee evening’s heymish atmosphere was enhanced by Member Cathy several tables of young professionals. Zises. “A warm feeling of YIVO honored Walter Weiner and Dr. Henry Mishpokhe.” Rosovsky with Lifetime Achievement awards. Mr. Weiner, widely recognized for his humanitarian, civic and philanthropic activities, is the former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Republic New York Corporation and its principal subsidiary, Republic National Bank of New York. received his award from a friend and colleague, Dr. Rosovsky is an eminent scholar, educator and Dr. Walter Reich, the distinguished psychiatrist author, and the Lewis P. and Linda L. Geyser and Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Professor of Professor, Emeritus at Harvard University. International Affairs, Ethics and Human Behavior Harvey Krueger, vice chairman of Lehman at George Washington University. “My friend Brothers and a close friend of Mr. Weiner’s who Henry is a doer—a man with a lifelong shares his avid interest in genealogy, presented commitment to higher education,” Dr. Reich said. Mr. Weiner with his award: a 1920s Yiddish poster “His devotion to the Jewish people, and to our from the Association of Jewish People’s Banks in future, is evident in all his activities, especially in Lithuania. “It’s extremely fitting and proper for his support of the Hillel Center at Harvard.” Walter,” Mr. Krueger remarked. In his acceptance speech, Dr. Rosovsky spoke of Mr. Weiner said that his father left the shtetl his roots in Bobruisk, of honoring ancestors and Berezeno near Grodno, for America when he was the importance of the continuity of memory. a small boy. In reconnecting to his family’s roots, “Perhaps Bobruisk was not as rosy as my father Mr. Weiner said he has tried to honor them, recalled it,” Dr. Rosovsky noted. “But Bobruisk joining the YIVO board and serving as a trustee of represented home, family and Jewish culture for the Museum of Jewish Heritage and the us. There is a little ‘Bobruisk’ in each of us.” International Sephardic Education Foundation. Mr. Slovin thanked everyone for their support “This is my way of giving something back,” he of YIVO and its lead role in the Center for Jewish said, “and of helping to preserve Jewish culture.” History. “With your continuing involvement, we Dr. Henry Rosovsky, born in Gdansk and a will succeed,” he said. “The next generation is spiritual descendant of Bobruisk in Belarus, counting on us. “

881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 ’ bun hHuu† pui hshgu, 3 4 Publications YIVO PartyforHirszAbramowiczBook world isamitzvah,”Ms. Abramowicz said.“I Shandler andDr. PaulGlasser, amongothers. the LuciusN.LittauerFoundation,Dr. Jeffrey Professor RaphaelPataiofWayne StateUniversity, Brooklyn College,Dr. DavidFishman,thelate Epstein, EvaDobkin,Dr. Gertrude Berger of bring theproject tofruition, includingDr. Lisa forgotten, hassuddenlycomebacktolife.” so precious, whichseemedtobehopelessly true,” shesaid,“Itfillsmewithjoythatsomething through translation,editingandpublication. longtime YIVO librarian,lovinglysawthebook available totheEnglish-speakingpublic. original Yiddish in1958,butithasneverbeen memoir waspublishedinBuenos Aires inthe book initshistoricalcontext.Herecalled thatthis of JewishLithuaniaandtheimportance College inHartford, whodescribedtherichworld Dina Abramowicz Profiles his teachingcareer inTsarist Russia.The lastpart The authorvividlyportrays hisstudentyearsand to thenewclassofRussian-Jewish intelligentsia. cences ofhiseducationand how itintroduced him movements andWorld War I. under thetwinpressures oftherevolutionary when theRussianempire begantodisintegrate group intheearlydecadesoftwentiethcentury, the wayoflifeandhistoricalvicissitudesthis 1958, features hiscarefully observed descriptionsof 1881, wasanativeofthisarea. author, bornontheestateofaJewishfarmerin the Association ofPolishJewsin Argentina. The part ofaseriescalled“PolishJewry”publishedby ( that focusesonthelivesofLithuanianJews Profiles ofaLostWorld sponsored thepublicationofanEnglishedition Litvaks “Remembering thosewhoare nolongerofthis She thankedthemanypersonswhohelped “The appearanceofthebookisadream come Dina Abramowicz, daughteroftheauthorand The bookalsoincludeshispersonal reminis- Mr. Abramowicz’s book,publishedin Yiddish in YIVO andWayne StateUniversityPress haveco- ). Theoriginal Yiddish versionappeared as Co-Sponsored byYIVOandWayne State O Samuel KassowofTrinity YIVO, featured Professor The bookparty, hostedby World publication of joined incelebratingthe of the Abramowicz family of YIVO friendsandmembers , abookbyHirsz Abramowicz Synagogue, alarge group n June13attheParkEast , byHirsz Abramowicz. Profiles ofaLost YIVO News V chairman ofthe YIVO Board. Shabad, whowasa YIVO founderandthefirst with thisEnglishlanguagebiographyofDr. devotion totheJewishmassesinVilna. his involvementwith Yiddish culture, andhis stresses Dr. Shabad’spublichealthachievements, World War II.Thebiography and Jewishsocietybefore great figures in Jewishmedicine Shabad, considered oneofthe book isaglowingtributetoDr. Dr. StephenSedlis, thisnew Edited byDr. Lisa Epsteinand researchfellow.former YIVO Diaspora Great CitizenoftheJewish book, Devotion toJewishMasses Shabad BiographyShows to StevenJ.Zipperstein ofStanford University. ... byasensitiveandthoughtful witness,”according ethnography, andaculturalhistoryofJewishVilna book “isatoneandthesame time,amemoir, an events describedaswella scholarofhistory. This written byanauthorwhowas aparticipantinthe contribution toEasternEuropean Jewishstudies, book through translation,editingandpublication. crucial references andabibliography andsawthe Shandler andDina Abramowicz, whosupplied daughter. ItiseditedbyDr.author’s Jeffrey longtime YIVO LibrarianDina Abramowicz, the Dr. DavidFishmanandabiographicalsketchby English. Thebookincludesanewintroduction by Lithuania.” the citythenknownas“Jerusalem of personalities oftheintellectualeliteVilna— perspective, features portraitsof representative of thebook,writtenfrom apost-Holocaust Mlotek. piece suggestedby YIVO’s musicarchivist Chana tion withJoseph Achron’s “Hebrew Melody,” a grandson ofHirsz Abramowicz, closedtherecep- generations.” of hisbook(and)thepossibilitytospeaknew cannot helpthinkingthatFatherenjoystherevival Dr. Rafeshasperformed aninvaluableservice Hirsz Abramowicz’s bookmakesasignificant Eva ZeitlinDobkintranslatedthebookinto Violinist MatyaGotman,a17-year-old great- published thelong-awaited Press inBaltimore has IA Doctor Tsemakh Shabad:A , byDr. Yulian Rafes,a institute” (1934). a Jewishresearch lucky wearetohave Dr. Shabad:“How T language, English...” forbears butwasbeingtaughtinmyfirst that hadbeenthemothertongueofmyimmigrant Jews, Iturnedtothistextbooklearnalanguage second-, third-, andfourth-generation American grandparents andparents. Likemanyother which hadbeenspokenaround me...bymy This wasmyfirstformaleducationin Yiddish, memory ofthebook’sauthor, UrielWeinreich. Language, Literature andCulture, ...namedin Columbia UniversitySummerProgram in Yiddish when IbeganElementary Yiddish atthe YIVO/ opened mycopyof Adrienne Weiss. YIVO archives, andanewcoverdesignedby Bina Weinreich, additionalphotographsfrom the YIVO SeniorResearch Associate statistical tablesprepared by of New York University, updated duction byDr. Jeffrey Shandler edition includesanewintro- for publication.Thissixthrevised College Yiddish 50th AnniversaryEditionof Sixth RevisedEdition affects culture. language, andhow inturn,then how historyaffects culture, howculture affects seeking theinfluenceofone aspectonothers— Jewish studiesintermsof a whole,always incomparably broad, buthesawallaspectsof Yiddish. Dr. Weinreich’s interests were He alsotranslatedSigmundFreud’s worksinto yidisher literatur-geshikhte,Dishvartsepintelekh. Professors, DerYIVOinyidishn lebn,Bilderfunder History oftheYiddish Language literature. psychology, pedagogy, philosophyand mention here onlanguage,history, ethnography, articles toonumerous to and theauthorofbooks of YIVO, arenowned linguist, and long-timeresearch director Dr. Weinreich wasafounder figures intheworldof Yiddish. Weinreich, oneofthegreat since thedeathofDr. Max Dr. MaxWeinreich 30th Yahrzeit: Dr. Shandlernotesinhisintroduction, “Ifirst Among hisworkswere the monumental Thirty yearshavepassed edition ofUrielWeinreich’s he new50thanniversary , isbeingreadied College Yiddish , aswell in June1982, Uriel Weinreich Hitler’s into thefuture.” expertise strengthens YIVO aswebuildandgrow educator, historian,administratorandleader. His YIVO. Heisamanofmany skills—aproven said, “We are truly fortunatetohaveDr. Rheinsat Slovin, Chairmanof YIVO’s Board ofDirectors abroad inadvancing YIVO’s centralmission.” academic institutionsintheUnitedStatesand Jewish Historyandwithotherdistinguished with theotherfoundingmembersofCenterfor life andculture—I lookforward toworkingclosely added, “YIVOisatremendous repository ofour European Jewishlifeand civilization.”Dr. Rheins preserving andfostering the studyofEastern commitment aswell YIVO’s missionof commitment torigorous scholarship. Ishare that era ofourhistory, establishedwithatrue Rheins observed.“YIVOisrooted inanimportant community andprofessional activities. Relations CouncilofNew York, amongmanyother Dr. Rheins for theFall1999semester. Weinreich.” opportunity tolearn Yiddish from Uriel gift tothoseofuswhohavetheinvaluable speakers ofthelanguageandalsoaverytangible book isindeedbothasymbolicoffering tonative in whosechildren’s mouths Yiddish willlive).This kinder inmoylvetyidishlebn’ the language—‘ relationship strengthened through knowledgeof dedicated thevolumetoanintergenerational of Yiddish studiesinIsrael. University’s MagnesPress in1977)isamainstay universitah edition Hebrew-language worldwide. A schools andcongregations intheUnitedState,and Hillel chapters,adulteducationgroups, high widely in American universitiesandcolleges, Shandler continues.Thistexthasbeenused Yiddish language,literature andculture,” Dr. singular pedagogicalvalueasanintroduction to Yiddish-language education[and]becauseofits the YIVO Institute’songoingcommitmentto endurance ofthistextbookis,inpart,ameasure of from thatofthefirsthalfcentury. “The steady useinaJewishworldradicallydifferent appearance in1949, Commenting onDr. Rheins’appointment,Bruce “I ameagertotakeupthe YIVO challenge,”Dr. The 50thanniversaryeditionwillbeavailable “Significantly,” writesDr. Shandler, “Weinreich Dr. Shandlerpointsoutthatsinceitsfirst (published by YIVO withtheHebrew College Yiddish [continued from page1] a matonediale,vosbayzeyere College Yiddish hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 hHuu† bun' 881 zungr hshgu, pui (a present toallthose has beenin Yidish la-

5 Publications Motl Zelmanowicz 6 YIVO Events To order, contactYIVOat(212)246-6080. W Translation ofaportionthe remarks byMotlZelmanowiczattheYIVO BenefitDinner1999 “Yiddish isMyLanguage” authors andcomposers. other songsoflaborandfreedom by Yiddish “Mayn rueplats,” includes “ conductor andaccompanistZalmenMlotek.It soloists Adrienne CooperandDanRous, Yiddish Chorale,theWorkmen’s Circle Chorus, anniversary oftheBund—features TheNew of New York’s CooperUnionhonoringthe100th inspired byaJan.25,1998concertattheGreat Hall of theJewishLaborBund.Therecording— YIVO CD/cassettecelebratingthemusicallegacy Musical LegacyofJewishLaborBund “In LoveandStruggle”CDHighlights I our to preserve andcultivatethe Yiddish language, past. and protecting thevoices anddocumentsofour glorious chapterinJewishhistorybypreserving part ofthe YIVO collections. YIVO haswrittena tears, ispreserved inthe Bund Archive, whichis Jewish workingpeople,thesuffering, bloodand struggle forthesocialandnationalliberationof Labor Bund.Thehistoryofthiscenturyheroic Yiddish): Gallers, ayoungJewishwoman, wrote (in application totheSummer Program, Donna Uriel Weinreich Summer Program. As partofher YIVO isdoingthrough adultclassesandthe celebrated the100thanniversaryofJewish speak toyouonbehalfof YIVO. Lastyearwe But itisequallyimportanttofulfillourmission mame-loshn protest andhopeare allfeatured onanew orkers’ songsaboutexploitation,struggle, Di shvue,”“Vilne,” “Arbeter-froyen,” , amongyoungerJews,which “Ballad oftheTriangle Fire,” and Adrienne CooperandDanRous. Circle Chorus andsoloists Chorale andTheWorkmen’s features TheNew Yiddish direction ofZalmenMlotek, The recording, underthe Yiddish andEnglish. of songnotesandlyricsin Sold withanillustratedbooklet CD ($18),cassette($12) “In LoveandStruggle” YIVO News YIVO, Yiddish andtheJewishpeople.” the YIVO Board member, Isayagain:“Long live people—our joys,sorrows, fearsandhopes. and therepository ofourexperienceasa Yiddish ismore thanalanguage. Itisthesoul Yiddish languageandculture thanks to YIVO… …is bothachallengeandprivilegeforme.” think in Yiddish…The continuity of summer camp…Iwanttolearnspeakand men’s Circle School3-14 and the‘Hemshekh’ be young...” from theVilna Ghetto:“Anyonewhowantstocan Mlotek sangthesolopartin“Youth Anthem” Raging Winds!” Finally, eight-yearoldElisha poignant rendition of“Rampage,Rampage, city ofVilna, andothers;DanRoussanga “Bread andRoses,”apaeantotheBund’shome performances ofthe“BalladTriangle Fire,” seamstress; Adrienne Coopergavestirring Miriam Goldberg sangalamentoftheexploited David Edelshtat,I.L.Peretz and Abraham Reisen. 1800s andearly1900s,aswellthepoemsof popular onbothsidesofthe Atlantic inthelate spoke toyoungpeople.” music counselorinthelate1960s,songs’“fire run Catskillssummercampwhere heworkedasa inspirations, andatCampHemshekh,theBund- Chorus ofthe1950swasamonghisearly meaning. Herecalled thatTheWorkman’s Circle Poland. ForMr. Mlotek,thesongsholdaspecial activists inthe Youth MovementoftheBundin grandparents, Brucha andDr. EmanuelPatt, Donna Gallersdedicatedtherecording toher far-reaching influenceinEasternEurope. Producer Zelmanowicz, spokeoftheBund’sidealsandits The primemoverbehindtheproduction, Motl travels oftheBund Archive, nowhousedat YIVO. Lisa Epsteindiscussedthehistoryandforced concert andreception atwhichResearch Director writers devotedto… born intoafamilyofactivists,idealistsand music are founddeepinmy heartandsoul.Iwas my language.’Itswords, sounds, expressions and Thank you. Yiddish mustlive. As along-termmemberof Young peoplelikehercanreconnect withthe The Maykick-off concertfeatured songs YIVO kickedoff therelease withaMay2 “To quote thepoetZisheWeinper, ‘Yiddish is yidishkayt . IattendedWork- yidishkayt YIVO Poster Exhibit Charms Warsaw major exhibition of YIVO posters titled “The APower of Persuasion: Jewish Posters from Poland, 1900-1939,” was on display this winter in Warsaw at the Jewish Historical Institute-ZIH. The mayor of Warsaw, the Polish minister of culture, and the American ambassador to Poland were among the 200 guests at the exhibit’s Jan. 25

opening reception. Several Polish television and Posters radio programs featured the exhibit, and all of the major magazines and newspapers reviewed it. The exhibition explores the life of Jews in inter- war Poland, with virtually every political ideology and movement represented. Some posters announce theater performances, sports events, and literary readings. Others urge Jews to improve their lives through financial independence, Text awareness of health and hygiene issues, and political change through collective action. Curated by YIVO Archivist Krysia Fisher, the exhibition was funded by the A. Jurzykowski Foundation and the Trust for Mutual Understanding in New York, in combination with Dr. George Szabad, the Batory Foundation and the YIVO Archivist Jewish Historical Institute-ZIH in Warsaw. Krysia Fisher The exhibition is traveling next to the Judaica speaking at the Foundation in Cracow. An exhibition catalog in opening of the Polish and English is available through YIVO. exhibition Commemorative Exhibition Planned for November ‘99 100th Anniversary of Ida Kaminska’s Birth The 100th anniversary of Ida Kaminska’s birth The commemorative exhibition will explore the will be marked in November by a YIVO life of Kaminska (1899-1980) and her Yiddish exhibition, made possible through the generous theater family. Her parents, Avrom Yitskhok and support of Ewa and Josef Blass and Victor Esther Rokhl Kaminski, established a touring Markowicz. Yiddish theater around 1900. Ida Kaminska’s mother was a pioneer in Yiddish art theater and acted in the first Jewish films made in Warsaw. In 1916, she was a member of the Vilna Troupe. Influenced by Stanislawski’s Moscow Art Theatre, Ida Kaminska it became famous for its avant-garde productions (1899-1980) of Yiddish and European theater classics. In 1923- 24, Ida Kaminska and her husband, Zygmunt Turkow, established their Warsaw Yiddish Art Theater (WIKT) ensemble, producing European classics in Yiddish translations as well as plays written in Yiddish. After the war, Ms. Kaminska and her second husband, Meir Melman, founded the Jewish State Theater in Warsaw. Ida Kaminska’s fame was enhanced by her film roles, the most famous being her starring role in the Oscar-winning “The Shop on Main Street.” Ms. Kaminska and Mr. Melman left Poland in 1968 to settle in the United States. A catalogue will accompany the exhibition. A poster (in the above exhibit) advertises Kaminska’s theater.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 7 8 Max Weinreich Center Y • Anna Shternshisisthe • The fellowships in1999: Scholars andStudents Fellowships Awarded toDistinguished assist youngscholarsintrainingforworkthisfield. marshall theintellectualresources inthisfieldofscholarshipand culture ofEasternEuropean Jewryandrelated topics,andto to encouragestudyandpromote research concerningthelifeand available touniversitiesandotherinstitutionsofhigherlearning, to make YIVO’s uniqueresources anditsspecializedknowledge activity onthepartofitsparent organization, YIVO. Itspurposeis was establishedin1968asaresult ofmanyyearsscholarly advancement ofresearch concerningJewishlifeandculture. It For AdvancedJewishStudies The MaxWeinreich Center 1999. Ms.Shternshis isa Gitelson Tell Fellowship recipient ofthe War IPoland. dramatic artsinpost-World modern Yiddish theaterand Goldfaden’s workinthelifeof Goldfaden andtherole of creative legacyof Abraham He iscurrently researching the Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Jerusalem asaFulbright the Hebrew Universityof the Yiddish Departmentof Stage,” hespentayearin on the American Yiddish dissertation on“Shakespeare New York in1995,witha degree atCityUniversityof completing hisdoctoral Oxford University. After and ModernLanguages, Oriental StudiesandMedieval Lecturer intheFacultiesof College, Oxford, andas Research FellowatSt.Cross He alsoservesasSenior Studies atOxford University. Centre forHebrew andJewish Director ofStudiesatthe Corob Fellowin Yiddish and to Dr. JoelBerkowitz, The Fellowship Choseed Memorial The MaxWeinreich Centerisdedicatedtoeducationandthe awarding ofthefollowing IVO hasannouncedthe Professor Bernard has beenawarded Maria Salit for • Dr. Anna Frajlich-Zajacwas YIVO News she hasorganized. Her current relating toPolishculture that courses andconferences rous grantsinsupportof been therecipient ofnume- for Writers inExile.Shehas International PenClub,Center the ExecutiveBoard ofthe poet andanactivememberof 1982. Sheisawell-published Columbia Universitysince Languages andLiterature at has beenaprofessor ofSlavic Frajlich, anativeofPoland, Memorial Fellowship Aleksander andAlicjaHertz the newlyestablished chosen asthefirstrecipient of Israel. Seminar in Yiddish Culture in International Research participate inthissummer’s Shternshis wasalsochosento Union, 1917-1941.Ms. popular culture intheSoviet working onathesisJewish Yiddish teacher, sheis received certificationasa University, where shehasalso candidate atOxford in Moscow. Nowadoctoral University fortheHumanities America attheRussianState Theological Seminaryof YIVO andtheJewish Studies jointlysponsored by Jewish Studiesand Archival the undergraduate program in graduate ofProject Judaica, . Dr. • The1999recipient ofthe • The1999 • The • Thefirst Cohen, isadoctoral studentin Memorial Fellowship, Natalie andMendelRacolin international relations. political scienceand a strong background in Howard bringstohisresearch of theStateIsrael.Mr. years priortothedeclaration Zionism duringthethree addresses American laborand Gainesville. Hisdissertation the UniversityofFloridain Howard, adoctoralstudent at has beenawarded to Adam Drench MemorialFellowship includes Hasidicstories. of Yiddish folktales,which YIVO’s richarchival collection research, hewillmakeuseof Yiddish literature. Forhis under-analyzed branchof on Hasidicnarratives,an ships andgrants,isworking numerous academicfellow- Lewis, whohasreceived the UniversityofToronto. Mr. Lewis, adoctoralstudentat been grantedtoJustinJaron Memorial Fellowship Culture inIsrael. Research Seminarin Yiddish International this summer’s also chosentoparticipatein Fellowship including YIVO’s numerous fellowships, 1925-1950. Shehasreceived Institute forJewishResearch, writing ahistoryofthe YIVO dissertation, Ms.Kuznitzis Stanford University. As her Modern JewishHistoryat a doctoralcandidatein was grantedtoCecileKuznitz, Rachela MelezinFellowship writer HenrykGrynberg. works ofthePolish-Jewish project isananalysisofthe Vivian LefskyHort Abraham and Rose andIsidore (1997). Shewas Racolin has Jocelyn U.S. History at the University of Minnesota. The primary body of material for her dissertation is the American Immigrant Autobiography Collection of 1942, housed in YIVO’s archives. She uses this resource to examine “how Jewish immigrants Photo from a remembered ‘the Old collection on the Country’ and the place of that Agro-Joint. A Max memory in their new lives in Weinreich Center the United States.” Ms. Cohen Fellowship has has also been working as a been awarded to a doctoral student research assistant at YIVO and who is working on is now receiving advanced a dissertation on Yiddish training in the YIVO the subject. Summer Program.

dditionally, YIVO has Joint Experiment: Lessons University of Denver with a Agranted Max Weinreich from Over There.” joint position in Jewish Studies Center Fellowships to the and English Literature. following students: • During the spring, 1999 • Jonathan Dekel-Chen, a semester, Leah Garrett, a • Daniel Katz, a doctoral doctoral student in the doctoral candidate in Yiddish candidate in the History Department of Comparative and Jewish Literature at the Department at Rutgers History at Brandeis University, Jewish Theological Seminary University, is writing his received his B.A. and began of America, completed a dissertation on the his graduate studies at the dissertation on “Images of Black/Jewish alliance within Hebrew University in Travel in Modern Yiddish the American labor movement Jerusalem. He is working on a Literature.” In the fall she will in the 1930s and 40s. dissertation on “The Agro- be joining the faculty of the

Dr. Tomaszewski Awarded 1998 Karski-Nirenska Prize Dr. Jerzy Tomaszewski of been a professor in the Institute 1993), all written in Polish. Warsaw University has been of Political Studies at Warsaw Professor Karski was the awarded the Jan Karski–Pola University since 1970 and the envoy of the Polish govern- Nirenska Prize for 1998. The head of the M. Anielewicz ment-in-exile during World War annual prize, endowed by Institute of the Warsaw II who brought to the West Professor Jan Karski at YIVO in University since 1990. He is also firsthand testimony about 1992, is awarded to authors of a longtime member of the board conditions in the Warsaw published works documenting of the Jewish Historical Institute Ghetto and in German or interpreting the contri- (ZIH) in Warsaw and of the concentration camps. The prize butions to Polish culture and editorial board of the journal is also named in memory of science by Poles of Jewish origin Polin. Professor Karski’s late wife, and Polish Jews. It bears a Among his more recent choreographer Pola Nirenska. stipend of $5,000. publications are: the four- The award was presented to Dr. Tomaszewski is a volume The Polish Economy Dr. Tomaszewski by two Karski distinguished senior scholar in Between the Two World Wars Prize committee members, the fields of the history of Jews 1918-1939 (Warsaw, 1967-1989); Marek Web, head archivist at in Poland, the economic history The Republic of Many Nations YIVO, and Dr. Feliks Tych, head of Poland, and national mino- (Warsaw, 1985), and A of the Jewish Historical Institute rities in East Central Europe in Contemporary History of Jews in in Warsaw, at a reception in his the twentieth century. He has Poland before 1950 (Warsaw, honor at ZIH in late June.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 9 Lectures

Hertz Lecture victims. She argued against the Sovietized world, which, to a well-accepted notion that a long certain extent, was a “false On March 15, Anna Frajlich- period of silence regarding the front,” a “Potemkin culture.” Zajac delivered the first Holocaust reigned until the She argued against too simplistic Aleksander and Alicja Hertz 1970s. She maintained that this a construction of “false” versus Memorial Lecture on “Henryk perception is formed if one looks “real” culture; rather, these two Grynberg and His Quest for only to cultural elites, whereas coexisting worlds began to Artistic and Non-Artistic Truth,” the documents of secular influence each other. Soviet which analyzed the identity Yiddish schools and camps holidays, for example, were issues grappled with in the reveal clearly that the Holocaust observed not only in a pro forma writings of this foremost became a part of their curricula, manner, but came to take on expatriate Polish-Jewish writer. in a very organic manner, their own “real” importance for Mr. Grynberg’s work is a immediately after the war. Jews of the shtetl. And the struggle with a Holocaust and Secular Yiddish schools and various cultural clubs so central post-Holocaust world. With his camps saw themselves as the to Soviet life often adopted a pen, he seeks to resurrect East natural bearers of the culture of Jewish character, such as when European Jewry, in all its East European Jewry of the pre- amateur theater groups put on positive and negative mani- war and wartime periods, the works of Sholem Aleichem. festations, to “give them back according to Ms. Sheramy. Ms. Shternshis’ work is based their voice.” He strives to National history, and their place on her archival research, as well reconstruct that world artistically,

Max Weinreich Center Max Weinreich within that stream of history, as on interviews she conducted but at the same time, with non- was used to strengthen their with former inhabitants of artistic credibility. Indeed, he children’s bonds to the Jewish shtetls, many of them now living crafts his own writing to adhere people. Focusing on Camp in the Brighton Beach area in to his belief that “non-artistic Boiberik as her example, Ms. Brooklyn. She found that, truth should be the only goal of Sheramy showed the explicit regarding understandings and literature on the Holocaust.” discussion of the Holocaust with attitudes toward Jewish identity, Very little of Mr. Grynberg’s the campers and the way it her interviewees were easily work has been translated into became part of various camp divided into three age cohorts. English, so Dr. Frajlich’s lecture rituals. She set the approach of Those over 85 years of age had was particularly valuable in the Yiddishist network in greater memories of a full, traditional Anna opening to non-Polish reading Frajlich-Zajac relief by contrasting it with the Jewish life. The religious audiences another important manners in which the Reform component was dominant in voice in the ongoing discussion and Conservative movements their understanding of Jewish of the validity of different chose to portray the Holocaust identity. For those in their early approaches to portraying the in this period. eighties, being Jewish meant Holocaust, one that involves belonging to Jewish clubs, using figures ranging from Lawrence Yiddish, and other elements of a Langer to Steven Spielberg. Tell Lecture secular Jewish identity. In their “What Are You Doing recollections, this Jewish life was Tonight? Amateur Culture in the brought to an end in the late Klein Lecture Shtetl in the 1920s and 30s,” the 1930s with the closing of Jewish On May 3, Rona Sheramy second Maria Salit-Gitelson Tell schools and clubs. Unlike delivered the first Irving D. Memorial Lecture, was members of these first two Klein Memorial lecture, titled delivered on April 22 by Anna groups, for those in their “Defining Lessons: Holocaust Shternshis. Ms. Shternshis’ seventies, being Jewish did not Education in American-Jewish analysis centered on the have positive associations. They Schools and Camps, 1945-67.” In phenomenon of a “double associated it with being scared her talk, Ms. Sheramy explored culture”—an official culture of and secretive. Her interviews the often explicit connection the shtetl and the “real” culture reveal the impact that the made in the post-war period of the people—which, she progressively restrictive Jewish between the curricula of secular argued, existed in shtetls in the policies of the Soviet Union had Yiddish schools and camps, and inter-war period. The official on Jewish identity. Rona Sheramy the memory of Holocaust culture was a patriotic,

10 YIVO News pervasive centering of the Peter Novick Leads Fall Lecture Series Holocaust Discussion Holocaust in both our self- understanding and our self- YIVO’s Fall Lecture Series representation” is a positive promises to be an exciting one. development for the American It will include speakers on a Jewish community. broad array of topics exploring Referring to a mandated literature, politics, and Jewish Holocaust curriculum in culture in Eastern Europe from schools, he said: “For an the inter-war period to the enormous number of American post-glasnost era. Among the gentile children, Jewish ones too, distinguished scholars and the equation ‘Jew equals victim’ researchers scheduled are: is being inscribed. So I wind up asking myself a traditional Monday, August 2 Peter Novick question, a question often Joel Berkowitz Are Americans obsessed with mocked . . . but that is Unraveling the Golden Thread: the Holocaust? Why has the sometimes appropriate: Is it Reflections of Goldfaden’s Place in Holocaust, an event which was good for the Jews?” Yiddish Culture rarely discussed in the first Based on the critical decades after World War II, commentary and questions from Monday, September 13

come to be such a mainstream the audience, the debate on that Jeremy Paton Center Max Weinreich issue in American life and a question will continue well From the Margins to the Center: central point of American Jewish beyond that evening’s the Jewish Labor Bund in the identity? discussion. Political System of Independent These issues, addressed by a Poland, 1918-1939 controversial new book, The Holocaust in American Life, by German Versus Thursday, October 7 University of Chicago historian Slavic Influence Dan Katz Peter Novick, were the subject of “We Organized the Union by a panel discussion on June 16 On March 3, Dr. Ewa Geller, a Dancing?” Jewish Socialist co-sponsored by YIVO and specialist in Germanic linguistics Culture and Interracial Houghton Mifflin Publishers. at the University of Warsaw, Organizing in the ILGWU More than 125 people attended. presented the first talk in the Other panelists included Sara YIVO spring lecture series: “The Thursday, October 21 Horowitz, professor of literature Germanocentric vs. the Justin Jaron Lewis at University of Delaware; Alan Slavocentric Approach to In the Marketplace: Hasidic Tales Mintz, professor of literature at Yiddish.” Dr. Geller discussed Between Yiddish and Hebrew Brandeis University; and Jeffrey whether Yiddish should be Shandler, professor of Yiddish classified as a Germanic or a Monday, November 8 culture at New York University. Slavic language. She sought a Aleksander Burakovsky Hasia Diner, professor of history middle ground, though she Elements of Jewish Renaissance in and Jewish studies at New York leaned toward the Slavocentric Ukraine, 1988-91 University, was the moderator. approach. While some maintain Novick’s examination of that the Slavic influence on Wednesday, December 15 Holocaust remembrance in Yiddish has been superficial, Cecile Kuznitz America reflected on what this affecting mainly vocabulary, Dr. The Origins of Yiddish seeming obsession says about Geller argued that the Slavic Scholarship and the Founding of the Jewish community today languages have affected major YIVO and America at large. The author structural changes —in analyzed Jewish and American grammar, syntax, phonemics Lectures will be held at 7 p.m., views of victimhood and (the basic distinctive units of at the Park East Synagogue, strongly rejected any claims speech sound) and 164 East 68th Street, New York concerning the Holocaust’s morphophonemics (the minimal City. All lectures are free and “uniqueness.” Novick grammatical units of language). open to the public. questioned whether “our [continued on page 12]

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 11 First International Research Seminar on Yiddish Culture Held in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv IVO is pleased to announce that the First • Anita Norich (University of Michigan) YInternational Research Seminar on Yiddish “Yiddish Literature in the United States” Culture was held in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv from • Avraham Nowersztern (Hebrew University and June 20th to July 2nd, 1999. YIVO co-sponsored Beth Shalom Aleichem) the seminar with the Yiddish Department of “The Works of Sholem Aleichem” Hebrew University and Beth Shalom Aleichem in • Chava Turniansky (Hebrew University) Tel Aviv. “Old Yiddish Literature” An important new initiative in the field of In addition, meetings were held with Yiddish Yiddish studies, the seminar was intended for authors and cultural figures and a literary tour of advanced graduate students of Yiddish literature Tel Aviv was provided. The first week of classes and East European Jewish history and culture. Its took place at Beth Shalom Aleichem in Tel Aviv, purpose was to provide intensive study with some and the second week was held on the Mount of the foremost specialists in the field, to enable Scopus campus of Hebrew University in students from different countries and research Jerusalem. disciplines to become acquainted with each other, Response to the seminar far exceeded expec- and to familiarize students with the rich resources tations. In light of the large number of applicants, in Israel for the study of Yiddish literature and thirty students from eight different countries were culture. divided into two seminar groups. Most of the All instruction and seminar activities were program was underwritten by the sponsoring conducted in Yiddish. The program included: institutions. YIVO provided travel stipends,

Max Weinreich Center Max Weinreich • Mordechai Altshuler (Hebrew University) thanks to the generous donations of the Forward “Yiddish Culture in the Soviet Union” Association, the Sonya Staff Foundation, Dr. • David Fishman (Jewish Theological Seminary Arnold Richards, and Ms. Fanya Gottesfeld Heller. and YIVO Institute) The sponsoring institutions envision the “The Emergence of Modern Yiddish Culture in seminar as a training ground for the next Eastern Europe” generation of instructors and scholars in Yiddish • Samuel Kassow (Trinity College) literature and culture. The second seminar is “Yiddish Culture in Inter-War Poland” expected to take place in the United States in 2001. Daniel Drench Adds Cataloguing Course Held at Center to Endowed Fellowship IVO’s biennial course in Hebraica and Judaica cataloguing had some new features in the June IVO extends a special thank you to Daniel Y 1999 session. It was held at the new Center for Drench in appreciation of his recent generous Y Jewish History in Manhattan. In addition, the main gift enhancing the endowment of the Isidore and teaching tool was a new book, Cataloguing Hebrew Rose Drench Memorial Fellowship of the Max Materials in the Online Environment, by Susan Weinreich Center. Lazinger and Elhanan Adler. Daniel Drench (L) Led by YIVO Consulting Librarian Dr. Bella and his wife Hass Weinberg, the course was taught in an Barbara intensive three-week format. Dr. Weinberg gave congratulated each student a copy of Birkon li-Medakdelim the 1999 Drench (Blessings for Grammarians), the bentsher she fellow, Adam designed for her daughter’s bat mitzvah to clarify Howard, at the points of Hebrew grammar relevant to June 28 Drench transliteration. The course this year also Memorial Lecture. thoroughly covered the Romanization of Yiddish and Ladino. Zachary Baker, who recently resigned The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum as YIVO’s head librarian, presented a guest lecture and YIVO co-sponsored the lecture. Dr. Geller is on Romanization of Ladino. visiting from Warsaw on a Kosciuszko Foundation The group included graduate students in library fellowship. She is working to establish an schools, as well as paraprofessionals employed in endowed faculty position in Yiddish at her home Judaica libraries of universities, seminaries and university. She is also trying to create a library of day schools. Many distinguished alumni of this relevant materials at the university; donations of course, begun in 1987, have gone on to prominent books are welcome. positions in libraries throughout the country.

12 YIVO News Unniversity of Pennsylvania Librarian Joins YIVO Staff viva E. Astrinsky, formerly Before her 11-year tenure at the University of Alibrary director of the Center Pennsylvania, Ms. Astrinsky was the for Advanced Judaic Studies at administrative librarian for technical services at the University of Pennsylvania, the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. She has become head librarian of was also the bibliographic control librarian of the

YIVO, replacing Zachary Baker. Union Theological Seminary in New York City. Library Ms. Astrinsky led the reorgani- An active member of the Association of Jewish zation of the library of the Center Libraries (AJL), Ms. Astrinksy last year hosted and Aviva E. Astrinsky for Advanced Judaic Studies and co-chaired a successful annual AJL convention in the computerization of its Philadelphia. Ms. Astrinsky previously served as archives, making it the second major Judaica an AJL vice president for membership and as collection in the U.S. to be entirely computerized. president of its Research and Special Collections (The first was the Judaic Division at Harvard Division. In 1984, she co-founded the New York University.) chapter of AJL and served as its president from At YIVO, Ms. Astrinsky says she will unearth 1984-86. She also helped revive the Philadelphia the library’s hidden treasures and modernize the chapter of AJL and served as its first president. library, making it accessible by computer to Ms. Astrinsky‘s background symbolizes the scholars and lay persons in the United States and ingathering of Diaspora Jews. She grew up in a abroad. She plans to put the card catalog on line religious home in Tel Aviv, Israel. Her father came and provide new services to the reading public by to Palestine from Damar, Yemen in 1912. Her including access to American, European and mother came to Palestine in 1923 from Wodzislaw, Israeli data-bases. She says the library will also Poland. Ms. Astrinsky spoke Yiddish with her help with finding information on the World Wide grandparents, uncles and aunts and understands Web and will expand services to genealogists and the Hebrew dialect spoken by Yemenite Jews. others wishing to research family roots. Ms. Astrinsky obtained her undergraduate “I am very excited about this opportunity to degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, work for YIVO in the Center for Jewish History,” majoring in Hebrew Literature and English Ms. Astrinsky said. “It is a unique place which Literature. Her Master of Library Science is from brings together under one roof the heritage and the University of Cape Town, South Africa. history of Jewish people from the entire Diaspora.” Zachary Baker Leaves YIVO Library for Stanford ead Librarian Zachary Baker these years, I have worked closely with wonderful His leaving YIVO this colleagues here, been responsible for an amazing summer to become the Reinhard collection, been involved with a series of very Family Curator of Judaica and important projects, served as an officer of two Hebraica Collections at the professional organizations, and traveled to some Stanford University Libraries. pretty exotic locales,” including Vilna, Kiev, Mr. Baker, who announced his Warsaw, and Buenos Aires. He also participated in resignation in February, served as the planning and execution of YIVO’s two moves: Zachary Baker YIVO head librarian for more from the Institute’s Fifth Avenue mansion to than 11 years. From 1981-87, he was the head of temporary quarters on West 57th Street, in 1994, Technical Services and the Yiddish Department at and then from that location to the Center for the Jewish Public Library of Montreal. Before that, Jewish History, at 15 West 16th Street, during the from 1976-81, he worked at YIVO as head Yiddish past year. cataloger and genealogical reference librarian. While Mr. Baker will be leaving YIVO, he Mr. Baker’s affiliation with YIVO extends back expects to remain affiliated with the Institute as a to 1971, when he was a student in the Uriel member. He observes that the guiding vision of Weinreich Summer Yiddish Program, which he Stanford University’s Program in Jewish Studies describes as “unquestionably the outstanding “is very compatible with YIVO’s scholarly experience of my entire education.” Reflecting on traditions.” Indeed, the head of the Stanford his long-time association with YIVO, Mr. Baker program, Prof. Steven Zipperstein, is an alumnus commented: “It has been a tremendous privilege of both the Yiddish Summer Program and YIVO’s and an honor to serve as head librarian. During Max Weinreich Center. 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 ’ bun hHuu† pui hshgu, 13 of newlibrary. Artist’s rendering 14 Library O A capital ofthe Ukrainian SovietSocialist Republic. it waspublished in1925Kharkov, thenthe Russian youthorganizations. Interestingly enough, conflicts betweenJewish,Polish, andSoviet solely withJewishyoungsters. yunger kemfer League ofPoaleiZionhaditsownmagazine, after themerger). TheJewish Young Socialist fourth conference inNovember 1911 (fourmonths overshadowed, the body, andeventhoughitsleadershipwas Young Workers League.Itbecameaveryactive students, latermerged with theJewishSocialist Tsukunft uniting 250members. as apprentices. In1905there were 13suchgroups Kleyn Bund League of offshoots oftheBundandSocialist Youth organizations section isdevotedtotheJewishyouth and Socialistyouthgroups inPoland,aspecial 20th century. DescribingtheimportantCommunist organizations inPolandsincethebeginningof establishment anddevelopmentofyouth Movements inPoland dvizheniia vPol’she ( On Youth MovementsinPoland Library AcquiresRussianBook library staff occupieshalfofanoffice floor, which compact shelvingtosavespace.Inaddition,the three separatefloors.Two ofthesefloorsemploy controlled conditions. collections are beingstored underidealclimate- For thefirsttimeever, thelibrary’sfragile years intemporaryquartersonWest 57thStreet. History at15West 16thStreet, aftermore thanfour completed itsmoveintotheCenterforJewish YIVO CollectionsUnderClimateControl The bookexplores theconnectionsaswell The socialistdemocraticyouthorganization The bookandperiodicalcollectionisshelvedon recently received is mong severalRussianlanguagebooks YIVO together withother YIVO departments— n February 28,1999,the YIVO Library— (Future), initiallyestablished asagroup of Poalei Zion were children ages10-16whoworked (The Young Fighter),and worked Kleyn Bund,Kombund,Tsukunft, About theHistoryof Youth went quitesmoothlyandmet still inprogress, theoperation construction attheCenteris the depthsofwinter, andthat two-and-a-half monthsduring latest movetookplaceover Weinreich Center. is shared withtheMax Tsukunft . Forexample,membersof Considering that YIVO’s ) , whichexaminesthe K istoriiiunosheskogo managed toholdits YIVO News Der T during theseminar. demand on YIVO’s libraryandarchival collections assist YIVO’s staff inhandling theincreased Society haveoffered their servicesasvolunteersto resources. Membersofthe JewishGenealogical doubtless visittheCenterto makeuseof YIVO’s to participateintheseminar, andmanywill genealogists andfamilyhistoriansare expected Genealogy inNew York City. More than1,000 during theInternationalSeminarofJewish increased traffic levelwilltakeplacein August “dryrun” fordealingwiththis organizations. A to result from theproximity ofitspartner of New York Cityandtheuniquesynergy likely pivotallocationintheheart the Center’s collections isexpectedtogrow significantly, given and culture. Thenumber ofreaders using YIVO’s for seriousandcasualresearchers ofJewishhistory exist inbothmanualandcomputerizedformats. library catalogsandarchival findingaids,which Meanwhile, readers canmakeuseofexisting Publications andRecords Commission. grant totheCenterfrom theNationalHistorical that catalogiswellunderway, thankstoamajor provided viaanelectronic catalog.Planningfor Ultimately, accesstothesecollectionswillbe combined resources ofalltheorganizations. is completed,researchers willbeabletoutilizethe are expectedtostartmovinginthisfall.Oncethat Institute, andthe Yeshiva UniversityMuseum— American Sephardi Federation,theLeoBaeck the American JewishHistoricalSociety, the partner organizations—at theCenter. TheCenter’s YIVO’s collectionswillbetheonlyonesaccessible summer. Forthe firstfewmonthsofitsoperation, On aLimitedBasis Center ReadingRoomOpens relocation effort. library andarchives staffs alsoparticipatedinthe Way Company, Hillside,NJ.Membersofthe team wastruck driverChrisPocelinkooftheJ- duration ofthemove.Roundingoutmove the formerSovietUnion—whowere hired forthe employees—some ofthemrecent immigrantsfrom crews, inturn,were assistedbytemporary and thenreshelved themattheCenter. These the collections,packedbooksontorolling bins, Crews from NationalLibraryRelocationstagged supervisors were DannyPinoandDanGreen. Bergman, YIVO’s director ofoperations.Themove move team,undertheleadershipofStanley its target date.Credit forthissuccessisduetothe The Centerisexpectedtobeamajordestination History hasopenedonalimitedbasisthis he ReadingRoomoftheCenterforJewish Staff Notes

• Outgoing Head Librarian Zachary Baker Vilna Ghetto Library Lecture lectured at various scholarly, professional and public venues during the last few months. Featured in Chapbook Several presentations were in connection with uardians of A Tragic Heritage, a chapbook his ongoing research on the Polish Jewish Grecently published by the National painter Maurycy Minkowski (many of whose Foundation for Jewish Culture, contains the text of

pictures are owned by YIVO’s sister institution the Myer and Rosaline Feinstein Foundation Library in Argentina, the Fundacion IWO). On December Lecture delivered by Dina Abramowicz, reference 21, 1998, at the annual conference of the librarian at YIVO. Speaking at the 1998 annual Association for Jewish Studies in Boston, Mr. convention of the Association of Jewish Libraries, Baker spoke about “The Death of an Artist: Ms. Abramowicz, who is a survivor of the Vilna Maurycy Minkowski in Buenos Aires, 1930.” On Ghetto, recounted her work in the Ghetto Library. February 11, 1999, he delivered a lecture at The library’s founder and director, Herman Kruk, Lehigh University entitled “Maurycy was himself a refugee from Warsaw who was Minkowski: The Life and Death of a Polish designated as chief manager of all the Jewish Jewish Artist.” On March 15, 1999, at a books and cultural resources of the city by conference of the Latin American Jewish Studies representatives of the Alfred Rosenberg Nazi Association, in Princeton, his topic was “Art Ministry for the Vilna region. Patronage and Philistinism in Argentina: The Although Mr. Kruk and most of his collabo- Fate of Maurycy Minkowski (1881-1930).” In rators in the group known as the “Paper Brigade” recent months, Mr. Baker also gave slide lectures perished in the Holocaust, the poet Abraham on this artist to a Workmen’s Circle branch in Sutzkever (whose 85th birthday YIVO celebrated New York City and to the Los Angeles Judaica in a poetry reading last summer) is one of the few Collectors Club. survivors. Sutzkever, together with Shmerke Kaczrginsky, rescued and returned to YIVO a portion of its teeasures, at great personal risk. • On April 12, 1999, Mr. Baker delivered the Abramowicz’s published lecture is introduced keynote address at a Yom Ha-Shoah by Zachary Baker, formerly YIVO’s head librarian, commemoration in Springfield, Mass., who describes the results of the March 1997 trip to sponsored by the Hatikvah Holocaust Education Vilna (Vilnius). The trip was undertaken by and Resource Center of Western Massachusetts. representatives of the Council of Archives and The title of his speech was “Remembering Research Libraries in Jewish Studies to evaluate Communities: Memorial Books and the the current condition and future of the cultural Collective Memory of Eastern European Jews.” heritage of Jewish Vilna that survived the At the spring 1999 workshop of the New York Holocaust. The chapbook is illustrated with Metropolitan Area chapter of the Association of reproductions of several title pages from rescued Jewish Libraries, he spoke about “Memorial items. Books (Yisker-bikher): What They Are, How They Originated, Who Uses Them, Where They Can Yiddish Theater Flourished in Omaha Be Found.” The latest version of Mr. Baker’s “Bibliography of Eastern European Memorial hough usually associated with large cities, (Yizkor) Books” was included in the revised TYiddish theater thrived in Omaha, Nebraska, edition of From a Ruined Garden, an anthology for decades. An article chronicling this history— edited by Jack Kugelmass and Jonathan Boyarin co-authored by YIVO Associate Archivist Leo (Indiana University Press, 1998). Greenbaum and Oliver Pollak, a history professor at the University of Nebraska at Omaha—is included in Studies in Jewish Civilization-9: Yiddish • On April 26-27, 1999, Mr. Baker represented Language & Culture Then & Now, published this YIVO at the annual meeting of the Research year by the Creighton University Press. The article, Libraries Group at the Getty Center in Los “The Yiddish Theater in Omaha, 1919-1969,” Angeles. YIVO joined RLG in 1992, and since details how theatrical companies with prominent then the YIVO Library has done its cataloging on personalities such as Ben Bonus, Samuel that organization’s Research Library Information Goldenberg, Pola Kadison, Bertha Kalish and Isa Network. Over 10,000 titles from the YIVO Kremer performed in this mid-sized Midwest city. Library’s collections are included in the RLG During World War I, Omaha’s predominantly database, which is accessible worldwide. immigrant Jewish population was roughly 15,000. 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 ’ bun hHuu† pui hshgu, 15 16 Uriel Weinreich Program A Michael Alpert isteachingtraditionalfolkdance. group therepertoire of Yiddish folksongs,and Cooper andBinyumenSchaechterare teachingthe his debutastheaterworkshopleader. Adrienne translation workshop,andKhayimWolf willmake Zucker. Irena Klepfiszonceagainleadsa Eugene Orenstein Mordkhe SchaechterandSheva of HananBordin, Dr. Adina Cimet,NaomiKadar, pursuing higherlevelsare enjoyingtheexpertise Elinor RobinsonandShevaZucker. Those Brukhe Caplan,NaomiKadar, RivkeMargolis, in as well. expanded toincludeanadvancedbeginnerlevel and advancedlevels.Thissummer, theprogram the beginner, intermediate,advancedintermediate short andintensiveaperiodaspossible. those seekingtomasterthe Yiddish languageinas program remains anacknowledgedcenterfor sponsored by YIVO andColumbiaUniversity, the the increased interest worldwidein Yiddish. Co- Yiddish Language,Literature andCulture reflects Their presence attheUrielWeinreich Program in blooming flowerof Yiddish thatisNew York City. is nowbusysippingthenectaratever- Belgium, Germany, France,EnglandandCanada Yiddish SummerProgramBlooms missed. name from Leonard toLeybl. Hewillbesorely evidenced byhisdecision to legallychangehis Kahn wastruly a Yiddishist ofprinciple, Weinreich onHisSeventiethBirthday Weinreich’s writingspublishedin He compiledthebibliographyofMax Yiddish Bibliographer Leybl Kahn: Leybl Kahn The 35beginningstudentsare beingimmersed The program includes Yiddish instruction at mame-loshn Australia, South Africa, Finland,Israel, group of57studentsfrom asfaraway by instructors KolyaBorodulin, Y Yiddish bibliographer. including YIVO, anda Yiddish organizations, an activistinnumerous a nativespeakerofEnglish), speaker of Yiddish (although love was Yiddish. by profession, Leybl’sgreat Kahn. Thoughacityplanner He wasanenthusiastic Feb.18 deathofLeybl IVO issaddenedbythe For Max (1964). Mr. YIVO News list. name andaddress willbeaddedtothemailing (212) 292-1892orcallhimat294-6138. Your [email protected], faxhimat millenium, e-mail Yankl Salantbye-mailat you inJanuaryforthefirstprogram ofthe poetry andskits. Yiddish, ofcourse—includingsongs,music, a program oftheiraccomplishments—-allin receive theircertificatesof completionandpresent (graduation ceremony) where studentswill experience andapplywhattheyhavelearned. students intoenvironments where theycan speaking neighborhood inBrooklyn are bringing National Yiddish BookCenteranda Yiddish- Excursions totheJewishLowerEastSide, 50thanniversaryeditionof year’s education intheUnitedStateshonorofthis are explored. Jeffrey Shandler spokeon Yiddish literature, theater, journalism,filmandvisualarts lecture seriesontheJewisharts,inwhich the program thissummer. Theyare partofthe and BeylaSchaechterGottesmanisfilingthrough Mina Bern,DavidGoldberg, JoshuaRubenstein For more information, call(212)246-6080 fall andspringclassesatall levels Yiddish EveningCourses— Y wrote in thesummerprogram, contact Yankl. article ormemoir, giveinacompositionyou title. The5runners-up willalso beprinted. and submititto Yankl Salantat: Summer Program Alumni Newlsetter. virtualparadeofsuchexpertsinthefieldas A If youwouldlikeourbrochure mailedto The publicisinvitedtothe32nd iddish W “Zumer innyu-york” If youwanttoparticipate,help,writean The newsletterwillbecalledbythewinning Try tocomeupwithabetterone(in Yiddish) Above isthetemporarynamefornew 212-294-6138, fax212-292-1892, [email protected]. ith YIVO Contest College Yiddish siyem Izungr thi bhu-h†re! . I T Women’s CommitteeMembersintheNews Paysons Honored than 650people. Heritage-NY99 project, wasattendedbymore of JewishHeritage,”partthecity’s lecturer andHolocaustsurvivor. The“Celebration Award forheraccomplishmentsasanauthor, Heller received thecouncil’sJewishHeritage Women’s Committee,atCityHallJune15.Dr. honored FanyaGottesfeldHeller, chairof YIVO’s Jewish HeritageAward Fanya HellerReceives Board andtheBudgetCommittee. Committee, DorisPaysonservesonthe YIVO commitment tothoseinneedofhelp.” They share valuesthatdrivetheirphilanthropic led livesasmoral,compassionatehumanbeings. careers andprospered financially—andtheyhave close andlovingfamily, “haveenjoyedsuccessful York City. ThePaysons,role modelsinraisinga Raising ExecutivesataJune24luncheoninNew Award from TheNationalSocietyforFund honored withthe1999Philanthropists ofthe Year on toursaround theworld. and performedinthe Yiddish theaterthere and years ofherlife,Ms.Halpern livedinChicago impresario DannyNewman.Forthelastforty until 1948,whenshemetand thenmarried perished. Shelivedandworked inNew York war, shediscovered thatherwholefamily had when warbroke outthefollowingyear. After the America temporarily, butwasunabletoleave “The Dybbuk”(1937).In1938,shecameto productions and Yiddish films,mostnotably actress, Ms.Halpernappeared inmany Yiddish named afterEster-Rokhl Kaminski.) As ayoung Dina Halpern,Yiddish Actress 10th Yahrzeit: In additiontoherrole onthe YIVO Women’s Doris PaysonandherhusbandMartinwere New York CityPublic Advocate MarkGreen he JewishCommunityRelationsCounciland Warsaw Yiddish Theateris Warsaw. (To thisday, the embodied Yiddish theaterin Kaminskis, whofoundedand in 1909,shewasrelated tothe Dina Halpern.BorninWarsaw the deathof Yiddish actress It hasnowbeentenyearssince Galanter, RuthandJosephDay. Barbasch, RenaHarris,AlanMimiandHarold (L toR)MiraVan Doren,EllaLevine,EstherMishkin, Esther Women’s Committee membersatthe1999BenefitDinner children.” that was,tocherishitandteachour heritage: “Iwanteveryonetoseeandfeelthelife as agreat opportunitytoshare ourhistoryand member of YIVO’s Women’s Committee,seesthis and otherresearch--will bereleaased. Dr. Eliach,a Hundred Year Chronicle OfTheShtetlofEishyshok and onherbook, Life” attheU.S.HolocaustMemorialMuseum-- based onDr. Jaffa Eliach’sexhibit,”TheTower of Of Dr. JaffaEliach PBS AdaptsWork Hirsz Abramowicz’s In HirszAbramowiczBook Uncle ofVera SternCited war years. commission thatadoptedthismodelintheinter- home-based care forthementallyillandheadeda Vera Stern—studiedthepositiveeffectiveness of Dr. Wirszubski—an uncleofcommitteemember expanding treatment optionsforthementallyill. the director ofVilna’s Jewishhospital,in of psychiatristDr. Abraham Wirszubski, then story onpage8)describesthepioneeringwork Levine, Director ofDevelopment,at(212) 2466080. of ourEastEuropean ancestors.Forinformation,please callElla study, enjoyandremember thehistory, language andculture Remember YIVOin Y nSpebrtePSWT documentary In SeptemberthePBS/WETA The newlyreleased Englishtranslationof Help ensure thatourchildren andourchildren’s children will neTeeWsAWrd Nine- World: A Once There Was A Profiles ofaLostWorld hshgu, pui hHuu† bun hshgu, pui our W ’ 881 zungr 9991 881 zungr ill (see

17 Women’s Committee 18 Archives 10011. YIVO Archives, 15W. 16thStreet, New York, NY Place orders inwritingandaddress themto: time directly from YIVO for$70,plusshipping. Guide totheYIVOArchives page indexoffers rapidaccesstotheentries.The description ofeachcollection. An extensive75- order bycollectiontitle,andprovides ageneral collections inthe YIVO Archives inalphabetical published lastyearbyM.E.Sharpe,liststhe Raton, FloridaonJune22.The400-pageguide, AnnualConventioninBoca authors, atthe AJL YIVO’s Fruma Mohrer andMarek Web, theco- Guide toYIVOArchives AJL HonorsBestRefer W the Hassfamilyontheirloss. that are alegacyfrom her mother). (who oftenquotesthepithy Yiddish sayings Consulting LibrarianDr. Bella HassWeinberg couple hadfivedaughters,amongthem YIVO’s cantor JacobHass,afterWorld War II.The to theUnitedStateswithherhusband,late town ofJaroslaw, Poland,Mrs. Hassimmigrated Library staff, on April 12,1999,attheageof70. In Memoriam:RozaHass We wishtoconveyourdeepcondolences to HolocaustsurvivorbornintheGalician A Hass, along-timememberofthe YIVO e are sadtoreport thepassingofRoza her co-workers. will besorely missedby library’s workroom. She a quietpresence inthe diligent worker, andwas extremely devotedand dozen years.Shewasan library formore thana clerical assistantinthe Mrs. Hassworkedasa is availableforalimited T was presented to scholarship. Theaward field ofJudaica reference bookinthe year tothebest The prizeisgiveneach Reference Award. AJL Archives Guide totheYIVO Libraries selectedthe Association ofJewish Division ofthe Special Libraries he Research and ence Book for the1998 YIVO News H European Rootsofthe YIVO Archives.” presented apaperbyFruma Mohrer titled,“The “European Written HeritageOutsideEurope” and Moscow. Healsoparticipatedinthesessionon Russian StateUniversityfortheHumanitiesin Theological Seminary, YIVO andtheRGGU, “Project Judaica,”ajointproject oftheJewish being carriedoutintheformerSovietUnionby the ongoingsurveyofJewisharchival sources “Networking andCooperation.”Hereported on States participated. Archivists from Europe, IsraelandtheUnited Jewish PartnershipforEurope (Brussels). for European JewishStudies(Potsdam)andthe Israelite (Paris),theMosesMendelssohnZentrum Jewish Communities(London),the Alliance Union, wasorganized bytheEuropean Councilof Heritage.” Theevent,supportedbytheEuropean Archives asPartoftheEuropean Cultural Potsdam, Germanytitled,“Preserving Jewish Potsdam ArchivesConference Networking Discussedat as partofthetitleforherbook. unbeknownst shehadalready plannedtousethis Repentance, PrayerandCharity, since people, whoare here composedofthree deeds: the troikas represented anallegoryoftheJewish Redbord, whowasverymoved tolearnthatoneof Hebrew OrientalMelodies the ninthvolumeof A.Z. Idelsohn’s folksong, foritappearsasananonymoussongin singers ofthesongapparently regarded itasa “Lebedik unFreylekh” sheet musicinNew York in1914underthetitle was byHenry A. Russotto.Itwaspublishedas Russian Yiddish poetSimonFrug, andthemusic longer poementitled“TheTwo Troikas” by Chana Mlotekrecognized thesong.Itcamefrom a about a were stitchedtogetherbyhand.Thesongwas was asonghandwrittenonseveralpages,which identify a Yiddish songhergrandmothersang.It Her Grandmother’s Song YIVO AidsAuthortoIdentify J your income while givingto YIVO. Make aPlannedGift toYIVO grandmother, asked the YIVO Music Archive to ane Redbord, whoiswritingabookabouther Mr. Web wasonthepanel discussing Chana MlotektranslatedthepoemforMs. See Page19fordetailsonways ofincreasing YIVO Archives ataJuly11 conference in ead Archivist Marek Web represented the troika , Ms.Redbord said.Music Archivist (Lively andGaily).The (Leipzig, 1932). Thesaurus of Grunstein Brothers Honor Their Father

n February, Max and Enrique Grunstein “My father always attended the meetings of the Icommemorated the 30th yortsayt of their father, World Coordinating Committee of the Bund in the Herman Grunstein, with a $30,000 gift to YIVO in United States and Canada,” Enrique said. “He his memory. The Grunstein family, now based in came back inspired by the always timely ideals of Mexico City, was originally from Poland. his youth.” “My father was born in 1891 in Tuszyn (a shtetl A memorial plaque for Herman Grunstein will close to Lodz), [and] moved to Lodz as a child,” be hung in the Bund Archive at YIVO. Enrique Grunstein recalled. “My father’s only formal education was in kheder, but he became a Mildred Becker Supports hosiery mechanic, a Socialist and a Bundist, when YIVO and Yidishkayt leftist movements were forbidden by the Tsarist ildred T. Becker, who shares her father’s government. He emigrated to Mexico in 1921.” Mcommitment to Yiddish, has donated $10,000 The Grunstein brothers’ mother came to Mexico to ensure that Yiddish life and culture continue to Development in 1923 from New York. Herman Grunstein was flourish. Mrs. Becker, who has lived in California involved in “gezelshaftlekhe” activities before World since 1939, was born in New York City to Russian War II on behalf of a sanatorium near Warsaw, and immigrant parents. She is proud of her father’s was aYiddishist and a Bundist. yikhes to yidishkayt: he came from Kapulye, the “The Bundists in Mexico were most dedicated same shtetl as Mendele Moykher Sforim. to the preservation of Yiddish as the living “I feel fortunate to be able to make this language of communication, knowledge and contribution because I have been emotionally creativity all over the world and especially in involved with YIVO since 1930,” she said. “It’s Mexico,” Enrique said. “When a representative of important to me that YIVO continues to preserve the Yiddish world organizations came to Mexico and teach our rich East European Jewish culture or when poets, writers, musicians and singers and heritage.” came, my parents always had them at our home. It Mrs. Becker has a rich Yiddish heritage of her was an opportunity for spiritual enrichment.” own, having been educated in the Arbeter Ring The elder Mr. Grunstein struggled in his shuln and teachers seminars. In California, she profession but finally purchased four hosiery wanted to continue to be involved with Yiddish machines through the help of a friend. He ran the activities and tried to establish a Yiddish school. machines himself with the assistance of his wife. Aside from her generous financial gift, Mrs. Enrique recalled that “through hard work and Becker has contributed books to the YIVO library. dedication, the family mill became important and Her lifelong dedication to YIVO, to Yiddish, to profitable. Both my brother and I entered the teaching and preserving Jewish culture, Me’Dor family business after finishing college. Le’Dor, brings honor to her and to us all. Increase Your Income While Supporting YIVO You can increase your income, reduce your The annual income YIVO pays depends upon taxes and support Jewish continuity by estab- the beneficiary’s age at the time of the gift. Your lishing a YIVO Charitable Gift Annuity. Here are a payments can be made at regular intervals of your few of the benefits: choosing (i.e. quarterly, semi-annually) • You can receive a guaranteed income for life throughout the year. Through your participation with no investment worries or responsibilities. in YIVO’s Charitable Gift Annuity Program, you help endow YIVO’s programs to preserve our • You or a loved one can receive an attractive rate Jewish heritage. of return. To find out more about the many ways YIVO • You can reduce taxes and avoid unnecessary Charitable Gift Annuities can help you achieve estate taxes. your financial, family and Jewish objectives, please call Ella Levine, Director of Development, • You have the pleasure of making a meaningful at (212) 246 6080. charitable gift to the preservation of Jewish heritage through YIVO. *Please note that while YIVO will gladly provide whatever assistance it can, we do not provide legal or professional • A major portion of your Charitable Gift Annuity advice. For that, you will need to discuss the matter with an may be tax-deductible. attorney or other professional.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 19 Mission participants outsidetheJewishcommunity CenterinKovno. 20 Mission W I Retracing JewishHeritageonMission published below. which theyshared with recorded theirexperiencesinmissionjournals, visits toRussiaandIsrael.Manyparticipants first “ Jewish culture forwhichLithuaniawasfamous. Lodz, wantedtoseewhatremained oftherich rediscovered theirheritage.MaxLubliner, bornin Glick-Rohrlich family, fourgenerationsremoved, name ofRachmielandwasproud todoso.The For thefirsttimesincechildhood,hewentby most powerfulexperiencesoftheirlives. father JacobWaisbord), calledthetriponeof member MyraTreitel (whoaccompaniedher and Vera Stern,aswell YIVO LeadershipForum was acompaniedbyherhusbandBill),SimaKatz, to findplaceslinkedtheirfamilyhistories. to seekoutformerhomesandschools,otherswent and culture. WhilesomeofuswenttoLithuania our heritageinthecradleofJewishscholarship physical structures tomatchtheevents. memories andfamilystoriesanewperspective— become lessreal. Thismissiongavethebearers of laLvn,YIVO DevelopmentDirector Ella Levine, Ralph andPearlKierwenttofindRalph’sroots. Women’s CommitteemembersSaraRigler(who We soughttoexplore, understandandreclaim from 13to84—visitedLithuaniaon YIVO’s n May, agroup of24people—ranginginage Shtetl from onegenerationtothenext,theirroots hen memoriesbecomestoriespassedon to State”Mission,whichalsoincluded Yedies. Excerpts are YIVO News Mission participantsattheVilnius JewishCommunityCenter. A marblemapon abuildingshowsVilna’s oldJewishGhetto. learning Yiddish andotherwisesupporting YIVO. YIVO’s goalsareality byjoiningcommittees, expressed adesire totakeanactiverole inmaking learned about YIVO’s pastandpresent. Many connecting withitspast.Themissionparticipants Vilna. Bygoingbacktowhere itstarted, YIVO is research, scienceandsocioeconomicstudiesin culture thatwaspracticallyextinguished. Lithuania isfightingtopreserve andreawaken a memories. Theremaining Jewishcommunityin scholarship andthoughtnowsurvivesonlyin past. grandparents, becomingreacquainted withthe us retraced oursteps,orthoseofparents or sought outspecificstreets andbuildings.Eachof agenda. Somewantedtoseecertaintowns;others Once YIVO wasthecenterofJewisheducation, What wasonceathrivinghomeforJewish Each memberofthegroup camewithan cemeteries where family memberswere buried. buildings where theirfamilieslived,and members ofthegroup seekingto find streets and the day. Shepaidspecial attentiontothose Jewish womanlivinginKovno, wasourguidefor walked through thestreets oftheghetto. Asya, a never forget. those whodiedthere, was anexperienceIwill what theyhavedonetous.” ground. InthesilenceIcanhearthemcry, “Look weeping fortheuntolddeadjustbeneath green leaves.To metheylookasifare rows oftheburialplaceare covered withdark were murdered inNarishka Park.There, U-shaped committed insuchagentle,beautifulplace. boggling tothinkofthemassivemurders the siteasahorriblekillinggrounds. Itwasmind- contrasted withtheinhumanbrutality thatmarked the serenity ofthemajestictrees standinginsilence difficult visit.Thebeautyofthesurroundings and to themurdered Jews,myheartnearlybroke. my birth.Everytimewestoppedatthememorials A B to Lithuania,MoscowandIsrael sites, andbeingabletosay Being withpeoplewholostfamilyatthesevery personal experienceasasurvivorofthe history ofVilna from her museum. Rachelgaveusthe a founderandcuratorofthe guide wasRachelKostanian, Jewish Museum,where our or visit(aswedid)the Vilna, onemustread books the vibrancyofJewishlifein quarter. Buttolearn about showing amapoftheJewish on thefaçadeofabuilding Vilna, andmarbleplaques monument totheGaonof Jewish ghetto.We sawa synagogues oncewere, andtheboundariesof pointed outaformerJewishtheatre, streets where markers ofpastJewishlife.OurguideStefan aeieChn e ok NY York, New Madeline Cohen, Jersey New Union, Jacob Benzell, In KovnowevisitedJewish cemeteriesand In Zagare, mybirthplace,thousandsofJews Ponar Forest, outsideVilnius, wasthemost We bore witnessatPonarandtheNinthFort. it wasverypainfulreturning tothecountryof eing aHolocaustsurvivorborninLithuania, town inVilnius, Iwishedcouldseemore s wewalkedthrough therecently restored old kaddish hospital inKovno. Abandoned Jewish together forall Shoah . T Ruth Benzell,wifeofJackwalkinginNarishkaPark. are atestament towhatcouldhavebeen, butisn’t. the peopleare stillthere. Jewish culture there. Thebuildingsare gone,but the worldtheyare, there shallalwaysbe some group ofpeopleensuringthatno matter where in country inwhichitwasalmost destroyed. Isawa onto andrecreate asemblanceofJewishlifein Kovno, peopleaskedwhytheywere tryingtohold of howwesurvived. from. Thiswasanotherexample to aplacesometrieduproot us down myspine.Iwasgoingback on inmemories—Igotchills my relatives—some who onlylive walking onthesamestreets as When Ithoughtabouthowwas culture—made storiescomealive. symbolized thrivingJewish homes—everything thatonce seeing thesynagogues,schools, walking intheJewishghettos, loved oneswere murdered, Ninth Fort,where somanyofour formerly closedtome.Seeingthe memories openedupaworld the placesofherearliest something Iwastakingpartin. something Iheard about,but My historybecamenotjust mother grew upinbecamereal. suddenly cametolife.Thebuildingsthatmy and whitepictures ofmymomandherfamily a ei,duhe fEllaLevine daughterof Tal Levin, Rather thanbeingcommemorated inbooks,they Talking totheJewswhoare still inVilna and Seeing mymothergobackto that Ihadalwayswantedtoknow. Theblack his missiontoLithuaniaexposedtheworld hshgu, pui hHuu† bun hshgu, pui [continued onpage 22] ’ 881 zungr 9991 881 zungr the Vilna Gaon. at amonumentto her daughterTal Ella Levineand

21 Mission Rhona andJoshua LiptzininVilnius. 22 Mission Mission I must besearching fortheroots thatgavethem by theirs,andIseeagenerationofpeoplewho there are, and I multiplymyreaction andfeelings for anationandtheworldtohavedo. the shameofitall. And that’sapretty sadthing reminder totheworld.Thislandhaslivewith here. Thisiswhere myroots are. where mygrandmotherisburied.Theirsoulsare orphanage, theHebrew school.Icanshowhim parents. IcanbringhimtotheNinthFort, bring himtothelandofhisgreat-great grand- grandparents asmuchIdid. much. Iwonderifhemisseshavingafullsetof I knowhislittleheadwasfilledthisweekwithso praise andlovetheybestoweduponme. would livealifethatbeworthyofthe kaddish Yidishkayt that Iwouldneverforget. Ipromised themthat homeland haditnotbeenerasedbythe was entitledtoandtheplaceIcouldhavecalled should havehad.Iamcryingforthelandthat lasted alifetime.Iamcryingforthefamilythat father andthepaintheyendured, thesorrow that my hearthere. Iamcryingformymotherand hn iti,Saod NY Seaford, Rhona Liptzin, I thinkofhowmanychildren ofsurvivors Each monumentthatiserected here becomesa I willsomedayhaveagrandchild,and I lookatmybeautifulsonsleepingsopeacefully. I wasalittlegirlwhenpromised myparents tomorrow. Iamcrying.leavingapieceof t’s May29andwe’llbeleavingLithuania for them20yearsago,Iprayedthat would notendwiththem.WhenIsaid [continued from page21] the future— between thepast,present and strengthen theconnection organizing suchmissionsto let time, kindandgentle,tonot courageous, andatthesame themselves, tobestrong and to begenerous enoughto giveof and tohelpout.Iwishforthem what ishappeningintheworld them toalwayspayattention in thisworld.Ihopecanteach involved andmakeadifference the Holocaustteachesthemtoget think ofmysons,andIhopethat responsibility toremember. I that isbeingleftwiththe Yidishkayt their Jewishculture, their It isvitalfor YIVO tocontinue Yidishkayt . Iseeageneration Me’Dor Le’Dor. end withme. YIVO News Shoah . W Part ofaphotoexhibit intheJewishMuseumof Vilnius. opportunity togothere andlearnsomuch. through, aswellhopeforthefuture. the hard times,painandsuffering theyhadtogo smaller structures ontherightandleftsymbolized strength oftheJewsduringthattime,andtwo one inthemiddlesymbolizedcourageand monument. There were three structures init:the these 50,000are buried,andontopofitwasahuge had gonethrough. We wenttothegravewhere them andgavemeanunderstandingofwhatthey neither didmymother, itmademefeelcloserto grandparents. EventhoughInevermetthem,and murdered, andtwoofthemwere mygreat- wasn’t whatIexpected. picturing whattheplaceswouldlooklike.It stories thathermotherhadtoldher, andItried lived priortotheHolocaust.Mymomhadtoldme for months.Ifinallygottoseewhere theyhad Holocaust. Ihadbeenlookingforward tothistrip ohaLpzn 3 o fRhonaLiptzin sonof 13, Joshua Liptzin, I considermyselfluckytohavehadthe At theNinthFort,atleast50,000peoplewere and great-grandparents livedpriortothe e were goingtowhere mygrandparents external one. been asmuch aninternalexplorationas an organized, andthegroup congenial.Itmayhave generous asthatforthenewJewishmuseum. culture, eveniftheleveloffundingisnotso are reviving seriousstudy ofJewishhistoryand how thelocalJews(withsomeoutsideassistance) State UniversityoftheHumanitiesalsoshowed else. TheJewishstudiesprogram attheRussian their efforts againstanysimilar effort anywhere of thelocalJewstodemonstratetheycanmatch display testifiedtothedegree oftalentandintent Jewish museumIhavevisited.Theestheticsofthe examples ofJudaicathatIhaveseeninnoother were manydocumentsand graphics,aswell facility andexhibitwiththeirownresources. There Russian Jewscanputtogetheraworld-class was atotalsurpriseandbrilliantillustrationthat an agriculturalpowerhouse. upstate New York whenitwasstillsomewhatof climate, andeventheflowersinbloomresembled by howthelayofland,crops, thecattle, through theLithuanianfarmcountry, Iwasstruck but duringthebustripfrom KaunastoShauliai, New York astheplacetoresume dairyfarming, time. Ialwayswondered whyhepickedupstate famines thatafflicted theRussianEmpire atthat than 100yearsagoasaresult ofonetheperiodic A of amassmurderLithuanianJewsoutsideKovno. Mission participantsvisitingtheNinthFortMonument,scene Fiskaljudentum that isneitherthe that athird modelofJewishlifeisevolvingthere Lithuanian andMoscowcommunitiesbelieve with theseriousnessandintellectualityof way thingsoncewere. Icameawayimpressed more attentiontothingsastheyare, insteadofthe place, Idothinkitistimetomoveonandpay hooeSih etn VA Reston, Theodore Smith, The YIVO tripwasaneyeopenerandverywell In MoscowtheJewishMuseumatVictory Park My grandfathercametotheUnitedStatesmore unavoidable ontheground where ittook lthough thesubjectofHolocaustis of theUnitedStates. Muskeljudentum of Israelnorthe W people aswell. bad peopleineverysociety, there are somegood farm, withoutremuneration. Justasthere are some a goodkindfamilyhidallsevenofthemontheir five otherfamilymembersoutoftheghetto.Later, because agoodLithuaniansmuggledthemand usually doneforaprice.Myownparents survived their livestosaveandhideJews,althoughthiswas all Lithuaniansare evilmonsters.Somerisked festivals there anddanceonourgraves. of anoldJewishcemetery. Onholidaystheyhold of Vilnius erected anewsportsstadiumonthesite is takingplacenonetheless.Forexample,thecity assimilation andintermarriage. are dwindlingquickly, inlarge partdueto Lithuania. Today, 3,000remain, andtheirnumbers and theirenthusiasticNazicollaborators. invasion diedbythehandsofLithuaniancitizens Lithuanian JewswhoperishedaftertheGerman the startlingstatisticthat90percent ofthe Lithuanian Association inIsrael.Herevealed tous with Mr. JosephMelamed,president ofthe also wentonthemission. Miriam isthedaughterofSimaandNathanKatz,who iimKt,Btpg,NY Bethpage, Miriam Katz, It isnotmyintentiontomakeitseemasthough Their governmentisquitepoor, butconstruction Before World War IIthere were 350,000Jewsin Jerusalem. At ourfarewell dinnerwemet e endedwithfourdaysinTel Aviv and hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 hHuu† bun' 881 zungr hshgu, pui slaughtered. vicinity, were Vilna andthe 70,000 Jewsfrom people, including where 100,000 Ponar Forest, Monument at

23 Mission New Accessions to the YIVO Archives

AMERICAN HISTORY • Harriet Geller donated work Hill in Pottstown, • Professor Mordkhe Schaechter papers of her father, Isaac Pennsylvania. The donation is donated the papers of Leybl S. Geller, relating to his nearly the first piece of an ongoing Kahn, the longtime YIVO three decades as a HIAS father-son collaborative Library volunteer and fundraiser (1930s-1950s). project. contributor to YIVO’s • William Stern, a leading • Myron Cohen donated a publications who died veteran of the labor, social collection of tickets to balls recently. The papers include democratic, Labor Zionist and given by various extensive materials on YIVO Yiddishist movements, as well landsmanshaftn in New York and various Yiddishist as former executive director of City during the 1920s. organizations in the United the Workmen’s Circle, has • Dr. Edward A. Mainzer States. donated papers reflecting his donated his large collection of wide range of interests, • Ruth Michaels donated American anti-Semitic and including the cooperative additions to the papers of her anti-Israeli literature, dating housing movement, the New Accessions father, longtime YIVO mostly from the 1970s. Research Associate Dr. Rudolf League for Industrial Glanz (1892 - 1978). These Democracy, Jewish Socialist • Fannie Trost Cole and Arlene include the proofs of his Alliance, Forward and the L. Parnes donated ephemera unpublished 380-page book, Atran Foundation. relating to American Jewish history in the 1920s and 1930s. Aspects of the Social, Political • Lena and David Breslow Sonia Nusenbaum donated and Economic History of the Jews donated the records of the similar, but more recent, in America, focusing on the Workmen’s Circle School #3 in materials. nineteenth century, as well as the Amalgamated Houses in his memoirs of childhood and the Bronx. adolescence in Vienna. • Shirley Novick, wife of the late ART Paul Novick, who was editor • Before he passed away of the New York Yiddish daily, recently, the novelist Burt Morgn Freiheit, donated Blechman donated his photographs relating to her collection of over 600 pieces of husband’s trips to the Soviet fine Yemenite Jewish silver Union. jewelry. These were crafted • Linda Harris-Sicular donated before World War I in Yemen, the papers of her father, Leon and in Jerusalem before the W. Harris, who served as a establishment of the State of Jewish lay chaplain in the U.S. Israel. Selected items from the Army in New Mexico and beautiful collection will be on India during World War II. permanent exhibition on a rotating basis at the Center for • Sonia Slom Hecht donated Jewish History. Twenty pieces papers relating to her father, are currently on display at Charles Slom, an operatic Congregation Beth El in New tenor who was active in the Rochelle, N.Y. Histadrut Division of the Workmen’s Circle. • Adah B. Fogel donated ceramic figurines of Jewish • Professor Martin Warmbrand folk characters created by her donated materials relating to late husband, the sculptor black-Jewish relations in Efraim Fogel. America. • Original art objects and source • Larry Cohen donated the materials on Jewish artists autobiography of his father, were donated by Isabel Norman, born in the Belarsky, Carole T. Le Mian Jewish petroleum “wildcatters” near Bialystok before the impoverished immigrant and Andrew Marum. turn of the century. Donated by Kylie Masterson. neighborhood called Chicken

24 YIVO News • Doris Pfeffer donated a large- • Chana Ellenbogen donated the • Paul and Bella Zafran donated scale collage created by her English-translation typescript recent Yiddish-language late sister, the filmmaker and of her father’s memoir, Mitn minutes of Branch 473 artist Barbara Pfeffer, farshnitenem folk (With the (Kovler) of the Workmen’s composed primarily of Slaughtered People). It Circle. photographs of family describes Jacob Celemenski’s • Sol H. Liebman donated the members murdered by the activities as a courier between correspondence, from recent Nazis. the Polish underground and decades, of the Congregation the Warsaw ghetto. Gershon Sons of Telsh (Telshai) in New Freidlin translated the work. York. The correspondence EUROPEAN HISTORY • Michael Jackson (Jakobowicz) deals mostly with cemetery • George Reiss donated a letter donated a memoir of his plot assignments. from Mendl Beilis, the man survival in the Chernovtsy • Special thanks to Philip who was tried and acquitted region of the Ukraine. in a blood libel case in Russia Imperiale and Robin Kraus of in 1913. • Steve Harris donated Joseph the New York State New Accessions Dlugacz’s account of survival Department of Insurance • Rema Braun (via Dr. Chava in Brescia and Leipzig. Liquidation who donated the Lapin) donated the memoirs records of 40 landsmanshaftn. • Dr. Harriet Davis Kram of her father, Chackiel These documents will first be donated World Jewish Kameraz, a Jewish Communist processed through YIVO’s Congress documents relating activist in inter-war Vilna. Archives and will then be to East European Jewry during available to the public. • Sharyn Robbins Silverstein and after the Holocaust. donated a letter giving a [continued on page 26] detailed description of the • Rose Boyarsky donated poems political and economic and letters written by condition of the Jewish survivors immediately after community in Lodz, Poland, World War II. in 1931. • Richard Puette (via Ellen • Jack Freedman donated the Simer) donated a letter from prison letters of his cousin, his cousin, Isaac Zanger, an Icek, who was arrested for American soldier, describing defending fellow Jews during his aid to Jewish survivors in the pogrom in Przytyk, Czechoslovakia in 1945. Poland, in 1936. • Fela Kupferstein donated GENEALOGY documents relating to the • Family documents and Jewish printers’ union in genealogical documentation Poland. She also donated were provided by Dr. George materials on the Amalgamated Alexander (via Rose Workmen’s Circle school in Alexander), Robert J. Greene, the Bronx. D. J. Jaffe, Ralph B. Lawrence, • Marci Shore donated her study Julius Marymor, Gertrude of labor Zionism in post-war Singer Ogushowitz, Anne Poland. Ottolenghi, Charlotte Steiner, Al Turney and David Waxman. HOLOCAUST • Majus Nowogrodski and Rose LANDSMANSHAFTN Klepfisz each made separate • Shirley Saunders donated donations of materials relating Yiddish-language minutes of to the Bundist resistance in the the Rakishker (Rokiskis) Society Wedding photo of the Prewalers was among the geneological Warsaw ghetto. in Johannesburg in the 1950s. materials donated by David Waxman.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 25 [continued from page 25] • Sidney Miller donated LANGUAGE AND additional materials to the collection of papers of his LITERATURE father, Canadian Yiddish • Anna Miransky donated the writer Mordechai Miller. papers of her late father, the • Other literary materials were Yiddish poet and fabulist donated by Julius Fuhrmann, Perets Miransky. Many letters Ada Kagan, Leon Lederman, from leading Yiddish literati the late Adam Markusfeld and are included. Jean Mathieu. • Miriam Gross donated the papers of her late father, the Yiddish novelist B. Demblin MUSIC and (the pen name of Benjamin RECORDINGS Teitelbaum). Letters from New Accessions • Basia Arkuski (via Sara Paul) many Yiddish writers are also donated a collection of more included. than sixty Yiddish folksong Yiddish sheet music donated by Mitchell and Meredith Saltzman. • Emily Birnbaum donated lyrics that she recalls from • Special thanks to Dini Bigajer additional materials to the inter-war Vilna. of the United Jewish Appeal of papers of the trilingual writers • Peter Rushefsky and Howie Greater New York who Jacob and Menachem Glenn. Lees jointly donated a copy of donated thirty Yiddish and • Professor Marvin (Mikhl) the very rare book, cantorial 78-rpm recordings. Herzog, the Yiddish linguist International Hebrew Wedding These include rare and member of YIVO’s Board Music, compiled by Wolff performances by baritone of Directors, donated a large Kostakowsky and published Cantor Zavl Kwartin, Cantor addition to his papers. The in Brooklyn in 1916. Mr. Joseph Shlisky and Cantor papers reflect his scholarly Rushefsky also donated Pinchas Borenstein. activities. materials relating to his career as a klezmer musician. • Also, special thanks to Martin Kaplan and Leon Eisenson who jointly donated 150 glass disc transcriptions of the Jewish Theological Seminary radio series “Eternal Light” from the mid-1940s. A number of these transcriptions of the “Palestine Speaks” radio programs from the Zionist Organization of America were also included. • Andrew Ingall of the National Jewish Archive of Broadcasting donated twenty- five Yiddish 78-rpm records. • Felix Fibich, the dancer/ choreographer/actor, donated 50 LP recordings of Israeli and Yiddish music, including Hasidic nigunim. • Isidor Friedman donated twenty-five Jewish LP recordings. Photo of a turn-of-the-century New York City touring coach, donated by Lee Frazier.

26 YIVO News • LindaS.Bienstockdonateda VISUAL MA • MaxSilvermandonateda • BeverlyTarabour donated(via • LillianBrodatz donated • BellaKudishWeinberg • The Yiddish andcantorial • MitchellandMeredith life. based onhergrandmother’s videotape ofherpuppetplay other materials. Yehudi Menuhin,aswell letter from thelateviolinist period. Bucharest intheinter-war Der veker Aaron Wecker, director ofthe the lifeandcareer ofCantor Sara L.Sirman)documentson Koussevitsky. materials onCantorJacob to the1940s. United Statesfrom the1920s in Russia,performedthe received hismusicaltraining Kudish. Mr. Kudish,who father, theviolinist Alexis donated herbiographyof and sheetmusic. donated Jewishmusicbooks singer Freydele Oysherhas Yiddish sheetmusic. cantorial music,aswell recordings of Yiddish and Saltzman donated78-rpm Jewish choirin TERIALS • Professor XieGoldman • Miscellaneousphotographsof • FeiglGlaserdonated • RobertBelenkydonated133 Nilopolis, Brazil. Jewish communityof donated avideoofthehistoric donated byLeeFrazier. American photographswere Schochet), andmiscellaneous Janusz Cisek(viaSimon Poland were donatedbyDr. America and Australia. recent Bund gatheringsin Nash donatedphotographsof A. JakubowiczandPinye activities inBelgium1946. photographs ofBundistyouth 1923. Shealsodonated School inLodz,Poland, photographs oftheMedem Joseph Rosen. the papersofitsdirector, Agro-Joint’s records, found in extensive holdingsofthe donation complements YIVO’s Agro-Joint’s tractorteam.This Belenky, wastheheadof father, MaximDavidovich Soviet Union.Thedonor’s agricultural settlementsinthe Committee, aidedJewish Jewish JointDistribution division ofthe American 1920s. The Agro-Joint, a Southwest Ukraineinthe activities ofthe Agro-Joint in photographs depictingthe • KylieMastersondonateda Pincus Fedder. number ofdonorDeborah the address and/ortelephone INFORMA SEEKING DONOR towns. essays onVilna andother a seriesofautobiographical Gymnasium inVilna aswell the SofiaM.Gurevitch donated materialsrelating to Rachel LevitLisman.She these songs. donated recordings ofsome printed materials,shealso Besides manuscriptsand not oftheatre numbers. composer of Yiddish artsongs, Solomon Golub,wasa Miriam Haaran.Herfather, century. Bialystok before theturnof petroleum “wildcatters”near photograph ofJewish The YIVO seeking Archivesis Apologies alsotodonor Our apologiestodonor hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 hHuu† bun' 881 zungr hshgu, pui Remember YIVOinyourwill. Clarifications See page19fordetails. TION Belenky. donated byRobert 1920s. Theywere Ukraine inthe from Southwest photographs Agro-Joint

27 New Accessions 28 YIVO Donors T Ronald S.Lauder Foundation Republic NationalBankofNew York Paul, Weiss, Rifkind,Wharton& Susanne andJacobMorowitz Lucius N.LittauerFoundationInc. Leucadia NationalCorporation Kekst andCompanyInc. Erica Jesselson Rena andEnriqueGrunstein Andrea and Warren Grover Friedman, Billings,Ramsey&Co.Inc. Estate ofLeoA.Shifrin Estate ofEvelynUhr Alexander HertzFoundation Gifts of Naomi andMotlZelmanowicz Wachtell, Lipton,Rosen&Katz Wachtell, Lipton,Rosen&Katz Francesca andBruceSlovin National Foundationfor NYC DepartmentofCulturalAffairs MacAndrews &ForbesHoldings Estate ofPearlHeifetz Atran Foundation,Inc. Gifts of$50,000andAbove $1000-$4999. Thisissuerecognizes donorsof$5,000andabovefrom August 1998-June15,1999. Jewish heritagethrough theirgenerous support.Inthelastissue, he YIVO InstituteforJewishResearch thanksthefollowingdonorsforhelpingtopreserve our Jo Carole andRonaldS. Lauder Nina andWalter H.Weiner Betsy andMaxGitter Garrison William LeeFrost Diane andJosephS.Steinberg Carol andGershonKekst Kindy andEmanuelJ.Friedman Martin Lipton,Esq. Toby andBernardNussbaum Schuyler G.Chapin,Commissioner Ronald O.Perelman Diane Fischer Jewish Culture $25,000 -$49,999 Donors of$5000andAbove Bernice andDonald G.Drapkin Dibner Fund,Inc. Datascope Corporation Ethel R.Cutler Corning Incorporated Tanya andSolNeilCorbin Continental HealthAffiliates,Inc. California FederalBank Ethel S.Brodsky Phyllis andMartinL.Berman Mildred T. Becker Baruch College/CUNY Baker &McKenzie American StockTransfer &Trust American InternationalGroup Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation,Inc. Access Industries,Inc. Gifts of Willis Corroon CorporationofNewYork Steinhardt ManagementLLC Slim FastNutritionalFoodsFoundation S.H. andHelenR.ScheuerFamily Rivki andLindsayA.Rosenwald YIVO News David Dibner Carol andLawrence Saper Roger G.Ackerman Phyllis andJackRosen Jerry andCarlB.Webb Lois Cronholm William J.Linklater Leah andMichaelKarfunkel Company William Kane Bluma D.Cohen Len Blavatnik Sally andAnthonyDeFelice Judy andMichaelH.Steinhardt S. DanielAbraham Joan andRichardJ.Scheuer Foundation $10,000 -$24,999 Yedies Doris andMartin D.Payson Claudia andNelsonPeltz Paine Webber Group Inc. Harold Ostroff Nash FamilyFoundation,Inc. Morris andAlmaSchapiro Fund Morgan StanleyDeanWitter MacKenzie Partners,Inc. Lazard Freres &Co.LLC KPMG LLP Fanya GottesfeldHeller Harry andCeliaZuckerman Guardsmark, Inc. Gotham PartnersManagementCo.,LLC Goldman, Sachs&Co.,Inc. Global FinancialPress, Inc. Gittis FamilyFoundation Shulamis L.Friedman Forward Association,Inc. FAB Industries,Inc. Estate ofTamar Wollock Estate ofDr. BelleAbramson Ernst &Young Barbara andDanielDrench acknowledged giftsof Cati andDonaldB.Marron Helen andJackNash Linda S.Collins William R.Reid Daniel H.Burch Kenneth M.Jacobs Renee andMichaelJ.Regan Mark Zuckerman Foundation, Inc. Barbara andIraA.Lipman Karen and William A.Ackman Suzanne andThomasS.Murphy Barbara andRichardS.Kendall Howard Gittis Samuel Norich Halina andSamsonBitensky Katherine andGeraldD.Cohen Edith andHenry J.Everett Estate ofLucyKohn Estate ofJosephAin EL-KAM RealtyCo. E.M. Warburg, Pincus&Co.,LLC Cravath, Swaine&Moore Chase ManhattanCorporation CIBC OppenheimerCorp. Rose AnneandLucienBurstein Beate andJosephD.Becker Roz andMichaelH.Baker Barclays Bank Adolph &RuthSchnurmacher Adelphi University Gifts of Abigail andLeslieH.Wexner Weil, Gotshal&Manges Theodore andReneeWeiler Swidler BerlinShereff Friedman,LLP Sonya StaffFoundation Sol GoldmanCharitableTrust Skadden, Arps,Slate,Meagher& Pearl Resnick Inge andIraLeonRennert Philip MorrisCompaniesInc. Barbara andLouisPerlmutter From February1998-June15,1999 Ellen andKamranHakim Lionel I.Pincus Allen Finkelson,Esq. Anne andWilliam B.Harrison Lotte andLudwigBravmann Terrance Bullock Ira J.Weinstein Foundation, Inc. Matthew Goldstein Joanne andRobertTodd Lang Richard I.Kandel Foundation Inc. Kane andMartinNussbaum Eve StaffRosahn Amy P. Goldman Claire andJosephH.Flom Flom LLP Joan andJosephF. Cullman,3rd $5,000 -$9,999 Sanford C.Bernstein&Co. Sanders MorrisMundyInc. Sakura Dellsher, Inc. Rebecca E.Rieger Sandra andWilliam L.Richter Rosa andDavidM.Polen Ruth andRaymondG.Perelman New York Times Company NationsBank Nathan andEvelynDayFamilyTrust Merrill Lynch &Company Martin H.BaumanAssociates,LLC Ruth Mack John L.Loeb,Jr. Ruth andDavidA.Levine Kronish LiebWeiner &HellmanLLP Kramer, Levin,Naftalis&Frankel Joseph H.Reich&Co. Joseph E.SeagramandSons,Inc. Jeno NeumanetFilsInc. Houghton MifflinCompany Home Depot Herman George KaiserFoundation Michael Fuchs Diane andGeorge Fellows Family ManagementCorporation Roger Hertog Don A.Sanders Betty andLeoMelamed Barbara andArthurGelb Foundation, Inc. Mark R.Antweil Peggy Anderson Barry S.Friedberg Martin H.Bauman David andWilliam Schwartz Thomas E.Constance,Esq. Carol and JosephH.Reich Rick Marker Sholom Neuman Wendy J.Strothman Bernard Marcus Carol Wilson Cathy andSeymourW. Zises Carol andLawrence Zicklin Wolf, Block,Schorr, Solis-CohenLLP Frances Weinstein Sima andRubinWagner Vinson &Elkins Morris Talansky Sy SymsFoundation Shelley andDonaldRubin Fax______e-mail______Telephone (h)______(w)______City/State/Zip______Address______Name ______to YIVO istaxdeductible.Thankyou! to YIVO InstituteforJewishResearch. Your gift Please return thisformwithyourcheckpayable I wanttohelp YIVO preserve ourJewishheritage. hshgu, pui hHuu† bun hshgu, pui in • $1000andover–Alloftheabovealisting • $500–Alloftheaboveandabookfrom YIVO. recordings. • $360–Alloftheabove,andachoice Yiddish YIVO postcards withhistoricphotographs. • $180–Alloftheaboveandaspecialpacket reproduction from YIVO’s collection. • $100–Theabove,andasmallposter Yiddish andEnglish. • $50–Entitlesyoutothe YIVO newsletterin Matthew H.Kamens,Esq. Harry M.ReasonerEsq. Lynn andSySyms Evelyn JonesRich Foundation, Inc. Phone: (212)246-6080,Fax:(212)292-1892 Yedies Enclosed ismycontributionof$______. YIVO InstituteforJewishResearch 15 West 10011 16thStreet, New York, NY www.baruch.cuny.edu/yivo/ . ’ 881 zungr 9991 881 zungr hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈hHuu† 29 YIVO Donors Request for Support Letters to Yedies The YIVO Library seeks your support to purchase these important reference books and We encourage our readers to write (by regular mail new scholarly editions on two of the seminal or e-mail) with comments and responses to Yedies. figures of Hasidism: Dear Editor: Imagine my surprise, joy and pride when I received YIVO News #187 and saw that • Hebrew Manuscripts at Cambridge University you used a copy of a postcard made by my uncle, Library, by Stefan C. Reif, Cambridge/New York, Henry (Haim) Goldberg, who perished in the Letters 1997— $125. Holocaust. I have been doing research on his life. This issue will become part of my family archives. • One Hundred Years of Art in Israel, by Gideon Ofrat, Mrs. Barbara Klion Boulder, 1998— $75. Dear Editor: I have an archive you might be interested in for the encyclopedia about East • Otsar Ha-Hagadot, by Yitshak Yudlov, Jerusalem, 1997— $150. European history and culture. My grandfather, Zalman Kaplan, was the photographer in Szczuczyn, Poland, a prosperous town of 5,000 • Die Fahrt des Rabbi Nahman von Bratzlaw ins between Warsaw and Bialystok. We have family Land Israel (1798-99) (Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav’s pictures from the late 1890’s to 1937, pictures of the Journey to the Land of Israel, 1798-99), Tuebingen, town in general, and a documented history of the 1997— $125. town from its Polish origins in the 1500s to the Holocaust. Szczuczyn was ceded to Russia by the • The Bar Ilan Responsa Project CD, contains Germans in 1939. Before the Germans took back 700 volumes of Biblical commentary, including the the town in 1941, the Polish residents massacred Mishna, Tosefta, Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmud, hundreds of their Jewish neighbors--including our among others—$650 family. The rest were killed in the Holocaust. Only four or five of the town’s 3,000 Jews survived. • The Talmud, the Steinsaltz edition, English The pictures present a well-rounded look at translation by Adin Steinsaltz (17 volumes), Jewish life in small town, pre-Holocaust Poland. New York, 1989—$750 Michael H. Marvins • Die Geschichten vom Ba’al Schem Tov = Schivche Thanks very much for your offer. We treasure ha-Bescht (In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov), collections of this type. Wiesbaden, 1998—$125. Editor Dear Editor:The latest copy of Yedies carries an Donors’ names will be acknowledged on item on the HIAS Archives. The documents in the bookplates inserted in volumes purchased with collection dealing with the Conference at Evian in these funds. 1938 are of special interest to me. I spent a very profitable two months at the YIVO Library and Archives years ago and I look forward to another Vilna and Kovno Area such occasion. Gatherings Held in Miami Professor David Vital Tel Aviv University, Israel he Vilna and vicinity annual gathering in TMiami, Florida, is always an evening to remember! In February, more than 300 guests came to celebrate and share their proud Vilna connection. With the dedication and help of Sam Hamburg, a member of the organizing committee, the warm and friendly atmosphere reflected the deep roots and culture of this unique Landsleit community. A week later, Harry Demby was hard at work organizing the annual gathering of the Litvaks— Kovno and vicinity—in Miami. Some 200 guests from the U.S., Canada and South Africa gathered Florida gathering of Lithuanians from Kovno area. (L-R) Itka to show their deep roots in Yiddish language and Lev, Ella Levine, Ruth Day, Rachel Lapidus of Montreal, Sara Harry Demby culture and in the rich Lithuanian Jewish heritage. Karn and Izak Lev.

30 YIVO News h†rm˙yi h†rm˙yi bger†k†di

s"r nTex uu˙br˙l nTex s"r Fvi khhck ngr bhy† hHshag z˙yi xg z˙bgi pTrc˙ sr˙xhe h†r zhby h†r sr˙xhe pTrc˙ z˙bgi xg pui yuhy tuhpi yruhgry hHuu† sgr x'thz dgay†rci s"r nTex uu˙br˙lw nTex s"r dgay†rci x'thz v˙h†r/ pgcruTr 81yi sgo Fviw khhck sgr druhxgr aPrTfp†ragrw druhxgr sgr ay†y- T Pr†pgxhg sgr kuhy nhydrhbsgr tui kTbdh†rhegr tui nhydrhbsgr †cgrw Fviw khhck thz PkTbhrgrw uuhxbaTpykgfgr shrgey†r pubgo shrgey†r uuhxbaTpykgfgr v†y gr hHsha/ thi pTrkhcy dguugi hHuu†w njcr pubgo n†bungbyTki uugre n†bungbyTki pubgo njcr hHuu†w f†ya jaew druhx nhy hHsha dgrgsy w uuh w aPrTl hHshagr sgr pui dgahfyg nuygraPrTl/ z˙i dguugi thz gbdkha sgr hHuu† sgr w Pr†pgx†ri vhykgrx tuhl pubgo xgergyTr sgr dguugi thz gr chksgr pui sgr pui chksgr w kgci hHshai thi pui tui Fvi-p†kek†r-ekuc h/-k/ tui Phbygkgl auuTrmg sh w khygrTyur-dgahfyg hHshagr gr v†y p†kek†rhxy T uuh †rdTbhzTmhgx/ hHshag Tbsgrg b†l tui b†l/ f†ya uu˙br˙l v†y zhl yTeg zhl v†y uu˙br˙l f†ya b†l/ tui b†l z˙i p†kexkhsgr/ hHshag ek˙ci nhy pTrbungi zhl pTrthbygrgxhry nhy Fkgrkhh ygngxw v†y grw †cgrw grw v†y ygngxw Fkgrkhh nhy pTrthbygrgxhry hHshag dguugi †cgr thz vuhPytuhpyu uuhxbaTpykgfgr Tkg n†k dgzgi Tkg TxPgeyi pui hHsha tui hHsi uuh T uuh hHsi tui hHsha pui TxPgeyi Tkg dgzgi n†k Tkg nTex sh mubuhpdgaygky gr v†y muu"T chckh†drTphg: dTbmehhyw Tkg n†k dgzgi sh egdbTbTbsheg vaPgu,: uuh vaPgu,: egdbTbTbsheg sh dgzgi n†k Tkg dTbmehhyw zTnkcTbs thbgo dgsruey thz uu†x uu˙br˙l-chckh†drTphg Tzuh sh hHshag dgahfyg v†y dgvTy T vaPgv tuhpi vaPgv T dgvTy v†y dgahfyg hHshag sh Tzuh z˙i )4691(/ h†r zhcgmhe z˙bg mu uu˙br˙fi nTex hHshai ayhhdgrw uuh Tzuh sgr ayhhdgrw uuhsgrw v†y uuhsgrw ayhhdgrw sgr Tzuh uuh ayhhdgrw hHshai v†y e†nhxhgx ygrnhb†k†dhag hHshag uugdi n†b†drTphg naPhg dguugi tuh; nTng-kaui tui uuh aPrTlw uuhsgrw aPrTlw uuh tui nTng-kaui tuh; dguugi naPhg z˙i kgdTk c˙yi s†x ruao/ T dgnTfy Tkgngi tuh; v†y tuhl dgvTy T vaPgv tuhpi ayhhdgr ts"dk/ ayhhdgr tuhpi vaPgv T dgvTy tuhl v†y z˙i Truhx tuhl uu˙zy khhck tuh; kg†bTrs pui b†ngi thcgrdgdgcbehhy sgr zTl/ gr uugy tubsz zhhgr tuhxpgki/ zhhgr tubsz uugy gr zTl/ sgr thcgrdgdgcbehhy shbv vTkPgri shbv nhy mgi h†r murhe thz dgay†rci sh druhxg hHshag druhxg sh dgay†rci thz murhe h†r mgi nhy Teyrhxg shbv vTkPgri/ dgcuhri thi 9091 thi uuTragw thi 9091 thi dgcuhri vTkPgri/ shbv Teyrhxg vTx r†zT dgay†rci v†y zh zhl †bdgegry nhy sgr naPjv eTnhbxeh )pubgo eTnhbxeh naPjv sgr nhy †bdgegry zhl zh v†y pui v˙h†rw TPrhk 21yi sgo yuhyw tuhpi yruhgri nhr uuTraguugr hHshai ygTygr(/ hubdgrvhhy v†y zh dgaPhky zh v†y hubdgrvhhy ygTygr(/ hHshai uuTraguugr hHuu†- sgr thi nhyTrcgygrhi kTbdh†rheg vTxw r†zT thi T xl Phgxgx thi hHshai ygTygr thi Puhkiw uuh tuhl uuh Puhkiw thi ygTygr hHshai thi Phgxgx xl T thi h†ri mgbskhe T vgfgr v†y vTx pr' chckh†yge/ thi hHshag phkngiw sgrubygr sgo Ishcue" )7391(/ Ishcue" sgo sgrubygr phkngiw hHshag thi T churTkhxy/ T uuh chckh†yge sgr thi dgTrcgy dgeungi tuh; dTxyr†ki ehhi Tngrheg thi 8391w thz zh thz 8391w thi Tngrheg ehhi dTxyr†ki tuh; dgeungi hgrxkguu ay†y nhyk-dTkhmhagr sgr thi dgcuhrgbg †cgr aygei dgckhci b†fi nkjnv-tuhxcr†l thi 9391/ Tz 9391/ thi nkjnv-tuhxcr†l b†fi dgckhci aygei †cgr sh thi dgeungi jurci b†fi zh thz )hTr†xkTuu(w sh nkjnv v†y zhl dggbshey v†y zh zhl sgruuUxyw Tz thr Tz sgruuUxyw zhl zh v†y dggbshey zhl v†y nkjnv sh vTx hgeç jzi sgo nTiw thr nhy ayTyi pTrthhbheyg dTbmg naPjv thi Puhki thz tundgeungi/ zh v†y dguuuhby v†y zh tundgeungi/ thz Puhki thi naPjv dTbmg zhh pui thhbg uu†x ygfygrw phbg; thcgr k†zy zh g"v/ gykgfg h†r thi bhu-h†rew chz zh v†y tuh; T yurbhh thi yurbhh T tuh; v†y zh chz bhu-h†rew thi h†r gykgfg uu˙bcgrd/ vTx cgkT s"r hHuu†-nhyTrcgygrhi sh thz aheTd† zhl cTegby nhyi thnPrgxTrh† sbhtk bhunTi tui bhunTi sbhtk thnPrgxTrh† nhyi cTegby zhl aheTd† tui hHuu† sgo thcgrdgdgci zhhgr dguugi thz vTx pruh cTks j,ubv dgvTy nhy tho/ pui sgn†ky †i v†y zh v†y †i sgn†ky pui tho/ nhy dgvTy j,ubv cTks tuhxpgki/ Tkgngi tubsz uugy zh Trcgy/ thr dgvTy khc dguuuhby thi aheTd† tui dgaPhky thbgo hHshai ygTygr hHshai thbgo dgaPhky tui aheTd† thi dguuuhby dTbmgr sgr nhydgphk yhpxyi tubszgr tuhx srhei nhr x˙ s†ryiw x˙ tuh; dTxyaPhki thcgr sgr uugky/ uugky/ sgr thcgr dTxyaPhki tuh; x˙ s†ryiw x˙ vTx/ naPjv pTr†çkygr

tuhpyrhyi pubgo Teyh†r tui khhgbgr sus r†d†uu sus khhgbgr tui Teyh†r pubgo tuhpyrhyi PTre-xhbTd†dg )ahk(w uuU sh naPjv-dkhsgr tui naPjv-dkhsgr sh uuU )ahk(w PTre-xhbTd†dg T thi dgbungi †byhhk r†d†uu sus v†y n˙ 6yi sgo pr˙bs eungi zhl muzTngi tui ng khhgby z˙i zgkyi z˙i khhgby ng tui muzTngi zhl eungi pr˙bs t"b eukyur-e†bdrgx pui b†fnhy†d khygrTrhai gyhag muutvw uuh tuhl z˙bg xTng prhhkgfxyg xTng z˙bg tuhl uuh muutvw gyhag cTrbgy s"r uuU thcgrzgmubd"w thi P†gzhg IhHshag sgrmhhkubdgi/ gx v†ci dgkhhgby nav k†hguuw jhho k†hguuw nav dgkhhgby v†ci gx sgrmhhkubdgi/ tuh; P†gzhg hHshagr pui thcgrzgmgr zun†;w uu†k;w xuzgi y†rgiw ru, cTrkTa tui sus r†d†uu sus tui cTrkTa ru, y†rgiw xuzgi uu†k;w pui thcgrzgmubdgi z˙bg dgkhhgby v†y gbdkhaw )ITi gmv"(/ )ITi Pr. dkTyayhhiw hgeç xumeguugrw Tçrvo pui khsgr sgo 32xyi n˙ thz r†d†uu tuhpdgyr†yi c˙ Ti c˙ tuhpdgyr†yi r†d†uu thz n˙ 32xyi sgo sus tui t"Tbs/ nTk. a†uk phanTiw rjk nhrTbxehw tubygrbgnubd †rdTbhzhry pui sgr †rdTbhzTmhg sgr pui †rdTbhzhry tubygrbgnubd hHsha/ thi dgkhhgby khsgr zgkcg sh v†y r†d†uu Ivhk; pTr khyuuhag hHsi"w uuU gr v†y dgkhhgby v†y gr uuU hHsi"w khyuuhag pTr Ivhk; sgo tuh; tuhpdgyr†yi r†d†uu thz n˙ 61yi sgo aTpubdgi pui akuo-gkhfow zkni abhturw sgr abhturw zkni akuo-gkhfow pui aTpubdgi naPjv sh uu†x akuo-gkhfo-h†rm˙yw yrTshmh†bgki yubegkgr tui Pr. nhrTbxeh/ Pr. tui yubegkgr drgngrxh- sgr thi h†r-tuhx h†r-t˙i t˙i †rsby

881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 ’ bun hHuu† pui hshgu, h eTkgsza-hHsha: h†r 05 001-h†rhei sgo kFçus tuhxaygkubd T b˙g tuhpkTdg b˙g T eTnhbxeh thsT pui dgcuhri-y†d hHshag z˙yi eTkgsza- h†r pupmhe Fçus sgr pui huçk vubsgryxyi uo w pui turhtk uu˙br˙lw s†x uu˙br˙lw turhtk pui w hHsha k Teyrhxgw hHshagr druhxgr m pTraPrhhyxyg hHshag kgrbculw hHshag pTraPrhhyxyg hHuu† sgr t˙i †rsby eTnhbxehw thsT uugry dgdrhhy T b˙gw zgexyg b˙gw T dgdrhhy uugry pubgo †byhhk nhyi tuhxaygkubd Ti tuhpkTdgw nhy T b˙go Tr˙bphr pui Tr˙bphr b˙go T nhy tuhpkTdgw vhxy†rhai hHshai uuTraguugr s"r hjhtk-Tct )szagprh( aTbskgr )szagprh( hjhtk-Tct s"r erhaT thz eurTy†r sgr thbxyhyuy/ )bhu-h†regr tubhuugrxhygy(w b˙g tubhuugrxhygy(w )bhu-h†regr hHuu†/ c˙o p†y†Trfhuuhxy phagrw xyTyhxyhag yTcgkgx pui chbv pui yTcgkgx xyTyhxyhag thi gpgbgi zhl uugy tuhxaygkubd sh uu˙br˙lw uuhxbaTpykgfgr uu˙br˙lw uu˙br˙l turhtk bhu- ehhi eungi sgrb†l tui uuTrag eTnhbxeh thsT nhyTrcgygr thbgo hHuu†w b˙g p†y†drTphgx pubgo p†y†drTphgx b˙g hHuu†w thbgo nhyTrcgygr dgahfyg"/ hHshagr pTr Imgbygr b˙go thbgo h†rew hHuu†-Trfhuu tui T b˙g vhkg pui gsrhTi uu˙x/ gsrhTi pui vhkg b˙g T tui hHuu†-Trfhuu thi dguu†ri dgcuhri thz )9981Ω0891( eTnhbxeh thsT thbgo Tr˙bphr ar˙cy s"r aTbskgrw If'v†c muo If'v†c aTbskgrw s"r ar˙cy Tr˙bphr thbgo tui Tçrvo-hmje yTyg-nTngw thrg ygTygr-naPjv/ T zungr 2891w uugi 2891w zungr eTkgsza-hHsha dggpby n†k grayi hHshai pui Ph†bhri dguugi z˙bgi eTnhbxehw tx≤r-rjk f'v†c tuh; sgo zungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uu˙br˙l/ turhtk t"b zungr-Pr†drTo sgo tuh; f'v†c nTiw thr nhy eTnhbxeh thsT v†ci 3291Ω42 ygTygr/ †bdgvuhci ayushri nTng--kauiw x'kaui pui n˙bg pui x'kaui nTng--kauiw ayushri †bdgvuhci hHshai uuTraguugr sgo †rdTbhzhry yure†uuw zhdnuby yTyg-nTng tui zhhsg-c†cg/ Pubey Tzuh uuh T xl T uuh Tzuh Pubey zhhsg-c†cg/ tui yTyg-nTng chzi dgaPhky v†y uu†x )Iuuhey"(w eubxy-ygTygr Tbsgrg TngrheTbgr hHsi chi thl mudgeungi mu sgo mu mudgeungi thl chi hHsi TngrheTbgr Tbsgrg jurci/ cul mu kgrbgi zhl x'kaui pui n˙bg †çu,w †cgr surl †cgr †çu,w n˙bg pui x'kaui zhl kgrbgi mu cul nthr nTiw muuhhyi nhyi zhl zh v†y nkjnv sgr b†l n˙i nuygraPrTlw gbdkha"/ nuygraPrTlw n˙i s†ryi tui Puhki ehhi tundgegry ngknTiw s"r aTbskgr uu˙zy †i tuh; sgow Tz zhby x'thz zhby Tz sgow tuh; †i uu˙zy aTbskgr s"r nkufv-ygTygrw hHshai sgo uuTrag thi tuhpdgaygky Fxsr eTkgsza-hHsha ngi bhmy 9491 h†r thi Truhx thcgr dTxyr†khry th Puhkiw thi dgaPhky th v†y uu†x thcgr sgr dTbmgr uugkyw thi T b†fnkjnvshegr T thi uugkyw dTbmgr sgr thcgr phkngiw thi dgaPhky tuhl v†y zh uugky/ sgr xçhçv uu†x thz thi dTbmi Ti Tbsgrgr pui sgr pui Tbsgrgr Ti dTbmi thi thz uu†x xçhçv er†o Ish jurci-phko xk†uuTehai thbgo sgrubygr pTrnkjnvshegr/ Is†x uu†x s†x kgrbcul thz Tzuh thz kgrbcul s†x uu†x Is†x pTrnkjnvshegr/ sh dguuUbgi v†y uu†x )5691(w nTrePkT." tuhpi P†Pukgr thz T xhni x˙ tuh; uuhpk sgr hHuu† thz hHuu† sgr uuhpk tuh; x˙ xhni T thz P†Pukgr sgr cag, 8691w thi I†xeTr"-Prgnhg/ TngrheTbgr thcgrdgdgci sgo gbhi kgrbgi hHshaw x˙ tuh; sh tuh; x˙ hHshaw kgrbgi gbhi sgo thcgrdgdgci nhyi zh thz eTnPTbhgw ITbyhmhubhxyhagr" Puhkhagr PgsTd†dhag ngku, pui sgo cul c˙o kgrbgi sh kgrbgi c˙o cul sgo pui ngku, PgsTd†dhag Tngrheg/ ehhi Tuugedgp†ri nTi hHshag aPrTlw khygrTyur tui eukyur"w thz nnahl thz eukyur"w tui khygrTyur aPrTlw hHshag Ti dgdrhhy uugry tuhxaygkubd sgr mu s"r aTbskgr/ bhay b†r bhmy ngi gx thcgr sgr thcgr gx ngi bhmy b†r bhay aTbskgr/ s"r hux; tui guuT sTbegi nhr eTyTk†d/ thkuxyrhrygr d†rgr uugkyw b†r sh vgcrgHag tuhpkTdg )Ihhsha tuhpkTdg vgcrgHag sh b†r uugkyw d†rgr zhhgr pTr nTre†uuhya uuhey†r tui ckTx ktubhcrxhyv"w Truhx 7791 surfi hHuu† cau≤pu, nhyi cau≤pu, hHuu† surfi 7791 Truhx ktubhcrxhyv"w crhhyvTrmhehhy/ nTdbgx-pTrkTd c˙o vgcrgHai tubhuugrxhygy( thz tubhuugrxhygy( vgcrgHai c˙o nTdbgx-pTrkTd tuhl x'uuhfyhexyg kgrbcul pTr hHsha thi hArtk/ thi hHsha pTr kgrbcul x'uuhfyhexyg tuhl Ix'thz T uuhfyheg zTl"w ar˙cy s"r aTbskgrw s"r ar˙cy zTl"w uuhfyheg T Ix'thz s[ z' pui ]vnal tuhxdTcg b˙g Iuu†x uu˙br˙l v†y sgo cTbs sgshehry muuhh suru, ≈ suru, muuhh sgshehry cTbs sgo v†y uu˙br˙l Iuu†x TzT dguu†ri/ neuho nhr thz jkuo IT dgzuby: ayhe 'T n≤bv sh Tkgw uu†x c˙ zhhgrg ehbsgr thi nuhk uugy nuhk thi ehbsgr zhhgrg c˙ uu†x Tkgw sh n≤bv 'T uuh thz pTrdgxiw kTbd auhi zTlw zgkygbg hHsha kgci'/ thz gx T n≤bv th pTr dgcuhrgbg hHsha- dgcuhrgbg pTr th n≤bv T gx thz kgci'/ hHsha Tz dkhhciw zhl uuhky nhr ≤jh,-vn,ho/ tuhpdgayTbgi rgsgrxw th pTr sh pui tubsz uu†x euei Truhx tuh; sgr tuh; Truhx euei uu†x tubsz pui sh pTr th rgsgrxw v†y uugre z˙i uu†x sgo pui bj, agPy p†ygr sgr dgkgdbvhhy zhl mu kgrbgi hHsha c˙ turhtk uu˙br˙fi"/ turhtk c˙ hHsha kgrbgi mu zhl dgkgdbvhhy T dgz†dy v†y zh a˙i"/ khfyheg sh sgrzgi x'b˙ tuh; †y sh b˙g tuhpkTdg uugy ngi egbgi euhpi pTri euhpi egbgi ngi uugy tuhpkTdg b˙g sh †y sgr c˙ nhydgv†kpi thr v†ci uu†x Tkg sh sTbe vTrcxy-zni 9991/ vTrcxy-zni phanTiw sus s"r tuhl sgrn†byg tuhci sh ju. Trcgy` sgr njcr pui sgr vesnvw s"r khzT gPayhhiw khzT s"r vesnvw sgr pui njcr sgr uuhxbaTpykgfgr shrgey†r pui hHuu† tui p†rzhmgrhi tui hHuu† pui shrgey†r uuhxbaTpykgfgr c˙o nTfi t˙gr muu†v dgsgbey sgo dgsgbey muu†v t˙gr nTfi c˙o hHuu†- dkgzgrw vgrak s"r tui tubygrbgnubdw sgr pui hHuu†/ zgyw Tz tubszgrg ehbsgr tui ehbsgr tubszgrg Tz zgyw hHuu†/ tui e†rgeyur sh dgkhhgby v†y uu†x nhyTrcgygrw ehbsxehbsgr z†ki zhl kgrbgi tui dgsgbegi tui kgrbgi zhl z†ki ehbsxehbsgr rgsTdhri/ c˙o dgv†kpi muo xu; thz tuhpdgyr†yi s†x 71-h†rheg turthhbhek 71-h†rheg s†x tuhpdgyr†yi thz xu; muo s†x kauiw dgahfyg tui kgci-ayhhdgr pui kgci-ayhhdgr tui dgahfyg kauiw s†x v†y uu†x d†ynTiw nTyhT phskgr sgr njcrw pui tubszgr hHshagr nhzrj-thhr†Pg/ hHshagr tubszgr s/T/ ≈ ngk†shg"/ IvgcrgHag Tjrubx hux; dgaPhky y YIVO News hHshag n†ngbyi cg, T bxhgv ehhi nhyk-thhr†Pg ehhi bxhgv T cg, n†ngbyi hHshag

uu†x T sTbe tho v†c thl zhl cTegby nhy sgr ay†yw sgr nhy cTegby zhl thl v†c tho sTbe T uu†x sgr thi uuTeTmhg n˙i pTrcrgbdy 'v†c hHshag z˙yi thz sgruu˙k dgay†rciw †cgr z˙i zui v†y zui z˙i †cgr dgay†rciw sgruu˙k thz tui Pr†dw thi sgrgheray rgPuckhew yagfhagr f thcgrdgbungi sh Trcgy tui dhy v˙by Tfyubd bhay Tfyubd v˙by dhy tui Trcgy sh thcgrdgbungi zhl xk†uuTe˙` ehhi TrhcgrdgfTPy tuhl zhl b†r tuh; sgr ahkw b†r tuhl tuh; sh ch,-guknx thi ch,-guknx sh tuh; tuhl b†r ahkw sgr tuh; b†r tui Phkzi Prgac†rdw thi Tbsgrg muuhai †Pdgaygky Phkzgbgr dgdbyw Pubey uuh z˙i p†ygr cag≤u/ tui Tzuh tui cag≤u/ p†ygr z˙i uuh Pubey dgdbyw Phkzgbgr ygrgzhi/ uuh ng egi zhl s†x thmy pTrdhbgi pTrayhh thlw Tz sh Tz thlw pTrayhh pTrdhbgi thmy s†x zhl egi ng uuh dguugzgbg sh v†y thbygrgx Ti pTr uu†x prHgr pTruu†exgbg duyg-grygr uugki tuhl v†ci T v†ci tuhl uugki duyg-grygr pTruu†exgbg prHgr baeavshei T pui hHsi? v˙byheg pTr yagf†xk†uuTe˙ ≤heui/ yuhzbyw vubsgry sr˙ )vgfgr jurci pTri ehcu. tuhl sh Pr†dgr hHshag dTx v†y sgrkgcy cgxgrg sgrkgcy v†y dTx hHshag Pr†dgr sh tuhl pui yhhk T tuhl sgn†ky eTrPTyi-kTbsw Tr˙bdgrgfby m˙yi/ tubygr sh e†nubhxyi z˙bgi dguugi pTrak†xi dguugi z˙bgi e†nubhxyi sh tubygr m˙yi/ bhay rgaykglw ckuhz dgckhci z˙bgi rgPuckhe( sgr vgfgr muuTbmhe h†rw Fkunray tuh; rgn†byw sh rgn†byw tuh; Fkunray h†rw muuTbmhe vgfgr kTbs s†x thz pubsgxyuugdi yuhzby/ gykgfg uuh ngr s†ryheg Phbjx-ahkw uuU tuh; sh uugby z˙bgi uugby sh tuh; uuU Phbjx-ahkw s†ryheg ahkiw ≈ grygr vhxy†rhag ngreuugrsheg nhy puk tuhpdgarhci sh bgngi pui vgfgr 000w77 yagfhag 000w77 vgfgr pui bgngi sh tuhpdgarhci evhkv hHshag sh uu†x nTPg T kuhy ts"dk/ ch,-guknx hHsi tundgcrgbdyg thi jurciw tui sh aPTbhag ahkw aPTbhag sh tui jurciw thi tundgcrgbdyg hHsi vubsgrygr nna s† z˙bgi Truhxdgdgci v˙h†r v†y tpar sh agbxygw dgcuhy thi nhyk-nhzrjshei xyhk/ nhyk-nhzrjshei thi dgcuhy agbxygw sh tpar ahki sh kTbs/ dTbmi thcgri mguu†rpi grygr Tzgkfg b†r bhay kTbd murhe v†y ngi zhh chhsg uuhsgr chhsg zhh ngi v†y murhe kTbd bhay b†r aukiw tuh; ≈ thcgrdgbhmguugy bhay v†y ng uu†x dggpby/ v†c thlw uu†x f'chi dguugi x'Tfyg n†k thi n†k x'Tfyg dguugi f'chi uu†x thlw v†c dggpby/ kgmybx chz v†ci ≈ ts"dk nuzhhgi ehb†xw ygTygrxw Pr†dw xu;-Fk-xu; zufv dguugi mu zgi Tkg s†ryheg Tkg zgi mu dguugi zufv xu;-Fk-xu; Pr†dw ehhi tui dgky ehhi mgpTki/ thi zhl dgvTkyi tuhl hHshag k†eTkiw sgrubygr sgo Tkyi hHshai ch,- hHshai Tkyi sgo sgrubygr k†eTkiw hHshag sgr thi thz zhh rgxyTuurhri mu tuh; TrcgyerTpy veçru,w uuU x'khdy muu"T sgr nvr"k/ sgr muu"T x'khdy uuU veçru,w erhdi/ muo dguugi bhay ≤eupv e†nubhxyhagr ehhi ygrgzhi chi thl dgp†ri muo grayi n†k/ s†ryi n†k/ grayi muo dgp†ri thl chi ygrgzhi ehhi vhuow uhvh dgphby zhl s†l sgr e†bmgbyrTmhg-kTdgrw uu†x pui uu†x e†bmgbyrTmhg-kTdgrw sgr s†l zhl dgphby s†ryi zhl nTfy tho v†y ngi sgP†ryhry ehhi tuhauuh. mgbskhegr tuhauuh. ehhi sgP†ryhry ngi v†y tho thcgregrgbha Ti yuhzbygr yagfhag tui Tbsgrg hHsi/ s†x aygyk s†x hHsi/ Tbsgrg tui yagfhag yuhzbygr kTbs s†x tui cTayhhy pui muuhh pgxyubdgi/ thi sgr drgxgrgr v†ci drgxgrgr sgr thi pgxyubdgi/ muuhh pui cTayhhy Tr†P uuTrpy chz sgr nkjnv dguuuhby †ryheg yagfiw v†ci zhh sh zhh v†ci yagfiw †ryheg dguuuhby nkjnv sgr chz e†nubhxyhai sgo s˙yai Truhxdgyrhci tui tuhpdgaygky s†ryi T dgy† T s†ryi tuhpdgaygky tui Truhxdgyrhci s˙yai erhdy thmy h†l/ pTr hHsi/ nhl v†y dgjhsuayw uu†x c˙o v˙byhei y†d v˙byhei c˙o uu†x dgjhsuayw v†y nhl hHsi/ pTr evhkvw hHshag sh uuuhbgi s†ryi uuhsgr yagfiw Fngy Tzuh uuh ehhi n†k ehhi uuh Tzuh Fngy yagfiw uuhsgr s†ryi uuuhbgi ngr tuhxw uu˙zy d†rbhay/ )thi sgr ekgbgrgr pgxyubd dgphby zhl sgr zhl dgphby pgxyubd ekgbgrgr sgr )thi d†rbhay/ ehhi bhay dguugzgbgr kTdgr nnaw uu†x gr thz v˙by T nhi nuzhh/( nhi T v˙by thz gr uu†x nnaw kTdgr dguugzgbgr ayh.w nkufhag thi Prgac†rd v†y sgr hHshagr nuzhh Ti nuzhh hHshagr sgr v†y Prgac†rd thi zTl T uuh b†r tuhxaygkubd uugdi hHshai ayhhdgr )†i druhxg jhsuaho druhxg )†i ayhhdgr hHshai uugdi tuhxaygkubd ≈ zhl nTfy pTr tubszgrg khhgbgrx( tui uugdi sgr vhxy†rhg pui vhxy†rhg sgr uugdi tui khhgbgrx( tubszgrg pTr pui bhay f'uuhhx hHsi thi xk†uuTe˙ )s† z˙bgi nhr T xl pTeyi dr†s pTeyi xl T nhr z˙bgi )s† xk†uuTe˙ thi hHsi pui ≈ uuTbgi bhay dguugi cTeTby(/ gykgfg p†y†drTphgx pui p†y†drTphgx gykgfg cTeTby(/ dguugi bhay euny grdg. s†ryheg hHsi nhy c†rs tui Ptu,w uuh tuhl sgr pTeyw sgr tuhl uuh Ptu,w tui c†rs nhy hHsi s†ryheg mu dgky Tz sgr eçr pui j,o-xupr dgphby zhl s†ryiw v†ci nhl v†ci s†ryiw zhl dgphby j,o-xupr pui eçr sgr Tz rgxyTuurhri/ sgrn†byw Tz chzi jurci thz xk†uuTe˙ dguugi T xl T dguugi xk†uuTe˙ thz jurci chzi Tz sgrn†byw knakw ngiw v†y ngr T yhhk pui tubszgr hHshagr nhzrj-thhr†Pgw hHshagr tubszgr pui yhhk T ngr tuhxrgn†byhry thhsgr sh yagfhag kgbsgr/ )Tdç v†y nhl n˙bg T n˙bg nhl v†y )Tdç kgbsgr/ yagfhag sh thhsgr druhxg sh xk†uuTehag cTeTbygw T dguugzgbg ≤knhsv pui sgr pui ≤knhsv dguugzgbg T cTeTbygw xk†uuTehag )sh ahk Phkzgbgr zungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uu˙br˙lw dguu†ky phri muo phri dguu†ky uu˙br˙lw turhtk t"b zungr-Pr†drTo drgxyg muuhhy j,o-xuprx eçrw b†r gr thzw muo cTsuhgriw dguugi cTsuhgriw muo thzw gr b†r eçrw j,o-xuprx thhr†Pg(w thi pTrak†xi ≈ gr dgphby zhlw uu˙zy tuhxw thi T thi tuhxw uu˙zy zhlw dgphby gr ≈ pTrak†xi f'chi uugi uu†x eTyTe†ncg thi mgbygr ay†y ≈ tui sgo akhxk v†y akhxk sgo tui ≈ ay†y mgbygr thi eTyTe†ncg v†y h†riw 08gr †bvhhc n†kw x'grayg dguugi s†ryi druhxg sh zh bhay dgegby †Pzufi/( dgegby bhay zh mu njhv T thz v˙by Pbho/ ehhi dgvTy bhay ahk sh ahk Phkzgbgr vhhxy gxw Tz pTr hHsi thz yagf˙ bhay ngr uuh T uuh ngr bhay yagf˙ thz hHsi pTr Tz gxw vhhxy x˙ thbguuhhbhew x˙ dkTbmyw Tk. thr: tuh; euei nuzhh/ †cgr thi sgo nuzhh thz cphrua FsTh mu p†ri/ mu FsTh cphrua thz nuzhh sgo thi †cgr nuzhh/ z˙bgi auhci tuhxdgak†dgbg prHgr sh tuhxbuuhhbhe/ ≈ v/d/ ≈ kuhw rus†k; evhkvw s†ryhegr sgr pui z˙k sgr dTbmg/

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, j Is†x zgi sgo b˙byi p†ryw uuU tubszgrg thhdgbg tubszgrg uuU p†ryw b˙byi sgo zgi Is†x gPgx zhi n˙bg uugki jurci mukhci Tz If'v†;w z˙bgi tundgcrTfy dguu†riw s†x dhhi thcgr sh thcgr dhhi s†x dguu†riw tundgcrTfy z˙bgi bhay y†r ng uugky/ sh z˙i n,ei gPgx nhy tuhpy†iw Tn†kheg hHshag dTxiw s†x zgi sh ahkiw aukiw v˙zgrw aukiw ahkiw sh zgi s†x dTxiw hHshag Tn†kheg pTr y†i uugki zhh Tz f'v†;w vgby/ pTrkhhdyg nhy zhmi hHshag z˙yi pui sgo thz nhr sh dTbmg dgahfyg kgcgshe dguu†ri/ kgcgshe dgahfyg dTbmg sh nhr thz sgo pui tubszw pTr y†i tuhl uuh vTbyw crhhygr T nhy Tbsgrg uugi f'v†c dgyrTfyw Tz s† z˙bgi dgdTbdgi n˙bg dgdTbdgi z˙bgi s† Tz dgyrTfyw f'v†c uugi hHshaehhy"/ tuhpvhyi naPjv-dkhsgrw x˙ sh uu†x f'v†c dgvTy sh zfhv zhh zfhv sh dgvTy f'v†c uu†x sh x˙ naPjv-dkhsgrw x≤o dguugi bhay thz Is†x ar˙cy: szaTaw zuiw thr mu egbgiw x˙ shw uu†x v†ci bhay sgrkgcy nhl mu nhl sgrkgcy bhay v†ci uu†x shw x˙ egbgiw mu n˙bg pui kTbs thbgo dgp†ri z˙bgi nhr bxhgv/ T egbgiw thz nhr surfdgdTbdgi T xerul thcgri k˙c/ thcgri xerul T surfdgdTbdgi nhr thz egbgiw f'v†c gkygr-c†cgx/ tui gkygr-zhhsgx zhhsg-c†cgw Inhr v†ci dgrgsy nhy sh hHsiw uu†x z˙bgi dgckhci z˙bgi uu†x hHsiw sh nhy dgrgsy v†ci Inhr xu;-Fk-xu; jsaho/ pui cnal Truhxdgeuey sgo tuh; thi uuhkbg tui e†uubg/ ng v†y zhh dgprgdy pTr uu†x? pTr dgprgdy zhh v†y ng e†uubg/ tui uuhkbg thi pTri dgkgcy v†ci zhh uuU zgiw mu tuhxdgeungi nhr thz thl pTrayhh pTr uu†x: uu˙k zhh uuhkiw Tz hHsi tui hHsi Tz uuhkiw zhh uu˙k uu†x: pTr pTrayhh thl v†y zh uu†x s†x sgrmhhky nhr v†y nTng sh jurci/ hHshaehhy z†ki b†l kgci tungyuo/ kgci b†l z†ki hHshaehhy uuh tuhxdgn†kyw zhl thl v†c nTngw thr pui dgvgry ITkg hHsi yhhki sgo zgkci durk/ nhr v†ci T y˙grg T v†ci nhr durk/ zgkci sgo yhhki hHsi ITkg Tbsgra/ dguugi x'thz b†r tuhxzgi/ x'uugy hHshag hruavw z˙bgi nhr njuhç s†x mu kgrbgi tui kgrbgi mu s†x njuhç nhr z˙bgi hruavw hHshag tundgcrTfy x'z˙bgi uuU p†ryw b˙byi Ithbgo tuhpmuvhyiw uuU nhr z†ki bhay uuuhbgi"/ bhay z†ki nhr uuU tuhpmuvhyiw tuhl z˙bgi hHsiw 000w05 kfk-vPju, dguu†ri tundgeungi n˙i gkygr-zhhsg tui gkygr-c†cg/ f†ya gkygr-c†cg/ tui gkygr-zhhsg n˙i tundgeungi thl v†c zhh bhay dgegbyw tui sh nTng tuhl bhayw tuhl nTng sh tui dgegbyw bhay zhh v†c thl v†c thl s† p†ry sgrphky mu zhh T b†gbyehhyw tui b†gbyehhyw T zhh mu sgrphky p†ry s† thl v†c f'v†c pTrayTbgi uu†x zhh v†ci surfdgnTfy/ nhr surfdgnTfy/ v†ci zhh uu†x pTrayTbgi f'v†c z˙bgi dgdTbdgi tuhpi eçr pui sh 000w05w uu†x tuh; tho tuh; uu†x 000w05w sh pui eçr tuhpi dgdTbdgi z˙bgi ayhhy T rhzhegr sgben†k/ rhzhegr T ayhhy IT dkhew uu†x f'chi dgp†ri ehhi khyg tui uu†x tui khyg ehhi dgp†ri f'chi uu†x dkhew IT f'v†c zhl Tzuh †bdgeuey tui †bdgkgrby uugdi sgo uugdi †bdgkgrby tui †bdgeuey Tzuh zhl f'v†c hgeç uu˙xc†rsx hgeç kTbs"/ ayushr-eTrygw tuhl thz y†fygrw kguuhbx gkT kguuhiw yTk hHuu†w 0491/ gr 0491/ hHuu†w nhydgp†ri/ zh ar˙cy: IT dTb. kgci uuhk thl uuhxi thl uuhk kgci dTb. IT ar˙cy: zh nhydgp†ri/ thz nhydgp†ri thz ehhi khyg/ ehhi thl pkgd ehbsuu˙z uu†rmkgi/ n˙bg uugdi ngr uu†x srhhgi yTyg-nTng T e†Pw b†r ehhi n†k bhay erhdi bhay n†k ehhi b†r e†Pw T yTyg-nTng srhhgi ehhi dTbmg gbypgrx/ cg, sgr bxhgv thcgr khyg v†c khyg thcgr bxhgv sgr cg, gbypgrx/ dTbmg ehhi z˙y uuhxi! dguugzgbg ≤knhsho dguugzgbg uuhxi! z˙y Tkyg sh uugky/ Tn†kheg sh dgzgi †cgr thl pui sgr hHsha-zungr-Pr†drTo! sgr pui z˙bgi naPjv thr nhy nTngi sgr pui p†y†drTphgx xu;-Fk-xu; uugy gx z˙i! T cukgyhi pTr dguugzgbg pTr cukgyhi T z˙i! gx uugy xu;-Fk-xu; v†ci zhh uu†x v˙zgr sh dguu†ri/ kgcgshe n†k T nhy ≤knhsho pui sgr hHsha-zungr-Pr†drTo! sgr pui ≤knhsho thmy f'v†c nnau,/ T dguu†ri z˙bgi dguuuhby zhh thi xu;-Fk-xu; T bg. pTr zungr-Pr†drTnbhegx/ pTr bg. T xu;-Fk-xu; s†x naPjv/ n˙i pui dgahfyg sh thcgrdgkgcy sgr graygr gbhi: s†x sgrv˙byhei sh Tsrgxi- sh sgrv˙byhei s†x gbhi: graygr sgr dgekgey/ bhay uu˙y v†y sgo uugdi nhr sgrmhhki rahnu,/ Tk. x'thz uuU grygrw sh zgi Tkhhi dgnuzy f'v†c tuhc thr z˙y T dguugzgbgr xyusgby pui sgr hHsha- sgr pui xyusgby dguugzgbgr T z˙y thr tuhc dgagi/ zungr Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uu˙br˙l †sgr thr z˙y thi z˙y thr †sgr uu˙br˙l turhtk t"b Pr†drTo zungr e†byTey nhy dguugzgbg xyusgbyi pui Pr†drTow z˙y Pr†drTow pui xyusgbyi dguugzgbg nhy e†byTey Tzuh duy tui k†zy tubsz uuhxi t˙gr )zhhgr( v˙byheg )zhhgr( t˙gr uuhxi tubsz k†zy tui duy Tzuh e†byTey-thbp†rnTmhgw Tr˙bdgrgfby b†ngiw Tr˙bdgrgfby e†byTey-thbp†rnTmhgw Tsrgxw ygkgp†i- tui ygkge†Phg-bungri tui ygkge†Phg-bungri tui ygkgp†i- Tsrgxw ckhmP†xy-Tsrgx/ Tphku uugi thr z˙y auhi thi tubszgr thi auhi z˙y thr uugi Tphku ckhmP†xy-Tsrgx/ Tsrgxi-rahnv sTrpi nhr x˙ uuh uuhxi mh ng sTr; t˙l sTr; ng mh uuhxi uuh x˙ nhr sTrpi Tsrgxi-rahnv Tr˙bbgngi thi sgr cukgyhi-rahnv/ sgr thi Tr˙bbgngi muo cgxyi ar˙cy T ckhmP†xyk hTbek xTkTbyi: hTbek ckhmP†xyk T ar˙cy cgxyi muo [email protected] Tbhay egby thr tho sgrdrhhfi surfi ygkgp†iw surfi sgrdrhhfi tho thr egby Tbhay ygkge†Phg †sgr P†xy: 0806Ω642Ω212w gexy' 8316` gexy' 0806Ω642Ω212w P†xy: †sgr ygkge†Phg 2981Ω292Ω212` hTbek xTkTbyw 51 uugxy 61xyg dTxw 61xyg uugxy 51 xTkTbyw hTbek 2981Ω292Ω212` bhu-h†rew b"h 11001w p"a/ 11001w b"h bhu-h†rew h,unho-vuhz hHshag uuhkbgr x'dguugzgbg z YIVO News hHuu†-ayhmgrx p†ri thi khygw n†xeuugw hårtk n†xeuugw khygw thi p†ri hHuu†-ayhmgrx

uuhxiw mh tho pgki tuhx pgki tho mh uuhxiw Tbyuuhekubd- sgr kguuhiw gkT v†y v˙h†r ˙-hubh hHshag z˙yi zhhsg-c†cg Tzuh ayTre Tzuh zhhsg-c†cg hHuu†- druPg T dgphry hHuu†w c˙o shrgey†r n uuh nhr/ f'chi zhfgrw Tz zhfgrw f'chi nhr/ uuh x'ruç rgPuckhe/ khyuuhagr sgr thcgr ayhmgrx f'chi dguugi dgrgfy dguugi f'chi uuhkbgw )pui hHsi khyuuhag dguugi z˙bgi cTyhhkheyg uu†x f'v†c tho f'v†c uu†x s† hHsi/ khyuuhag pui ehbsgr †sgr aTuuk( e†uubgw nhydgphry Tvgr ehhi Tvgr nhydgphry zhh/ pui gykgfg pui uugrygr sh nhr crgbdgi uu˙ygr khyg/ ehhi Tbyk†pi thz uu†x uuTragw pui uu˙xc†rsw hgeç If'v†c Tk. dgzgi/ Tk. If'v†c ehhi uuhkbg pui sgrb†fsgo tui 0491 h†r thi uuhkbg s†xw uu†x f'v†c prHgr f'v†c uu†x s†xw n†k thhi b†l dguu†ky v†c Ithl ar˙cy: Tngrhegw dgnhhbyw Tz x'thz bhay x'thz Tz dgnhhbyw h†r/ 06 eTrdg pui thcgrr˙x Ti b†l Pkgmgr sh cTzufi ngr uuh T ngåvkgw T ngåvkgw T uuh ngr dguugi thz cTyhhkheyg[ Tbsgrg sh ]pui n†yhuuhrubd sh ngåv pui yuhzby tui yuhzby pui ngåv tubszgr pui uu†rmkgi sh ≈ auraho sh zufi mu thhi bTfyw v†c thl thmy thl v†c bTfyw thhi yrTshmhg"/ Tkhhi dgzgiw nhy sh nhy dgzgiw Tkhhi thhdgbg tuhdi/ s†x uu†x s†x tuhdi/ thhdgbg thz dguugi uugk thl ehhi thl uugk dguugi thz n†k bhay †beueiw b†r †beueiw bhay n†k s†x uu†x x'thz b†l s† b†l x'thz uu†x s†x sgben†k pui e†uubgr dgy† e†uubgr pui sgben†k pTr dgayTbgi nhr thz sh tuhdi/ nhryago uugk thl T n†k b†l v†ci Ti v†ci b†l n†k T thl uugk nhryago tuhdi/ sh thhbhek tui tho nhyphri Tvgrw thi kTbs pui z˙bg pui kTbs thi Tvgrw nhyphri tho tui thhbhek †çu,/ f'uugk tho crgbdgi muo b˙byi p†ryw thbgo p†ryw b˙byi muo crgbdgi tho f'uugk †çu,/ h,unho-vuhzw thi sgr vgcrgHagr dhnbTzhgw tuhpi dhnbTzhgw vgcrgHagr sgr thi h,unho-vuhzw dgy†-ch,-guko/ f'uugk tho uu˙ziw uuU x'thz sgr eçr sgr x'thz uuU uu˙ziw tho f'uugk dgy†-ch,-guko/ tuhpi druPg sh b˙byi p†ry b˙byi pui n˙i c†cg/ s† dgphbgi zhl sh chhbgr pui tubszgrg pui chhbgr sh zhl dgphbgi s† c†cg/ n˙i pui †çu,w s† v†y sh grs t˙bdgzTPy zhhgr ckuy/ zhhgr t˙bdgzTPy grs sh v†y s† †çu,w Ix'v†y bhay dgsTrpy dgagi/ x'thz †cgr p†ry †cgr x'thz dgagi/ dgsTrpy bhay Ix'v†y dgkgcy v†ci yTyg-nTng thrg uu†x khPmhiw r†bT dgagi/ s† thi sgo kTbsw khyg/ s†x kTbs nuz kTbs s†x khyg/ kTbsw sgo thi s† dgagi/ zuiw thr nhydgphry v†y tui dgp†ri thz e†uubgw thi Trhcgryr†di sgo czhui/ n˙i Fgx egi thl gray thmy gray thl egi Fgx n˙i czhui/ sgo Trhcgryr†di p†ri n†rdi auhi/ ak†py IszaTa ar˙cy: zh szaTa/ tuhxk†zi/ thmyheg sh ar˙c thl cag, khyg/ pui Tuuge nhr IT druhxg mhpgrw zgex nhkh†i/ uugy ngi zhh b†l zhh ngi uugy nhkh†i/ zgex mhpgrw druhxg IT vTr./ ayhe T thcgr thl k†z s† thlw uuhhi uugrygr Tk. cTuuhhbgi thi 001 h†r Truo? thi 005 h†r Truo? sh Truo? h†r 005 thi Truo? h†r 001 thi cTuuhhbgi Tk. kgci/ dTbmi surfi mgr zhhgr yTyg-nTngw cTuuhhi thl uugky pTrdgxy Tzuh dhlw Tzuh drhbd/ x'thz T nhtuxg T x'thz drhbd/ Tzuh dhlw Tzuh pTrdgxy uugky uu†x dgvTyw bhy v†c thl uu†x naPjv sh cTuuhhi thl zTl"/ uu†x kTbsw s†x cTuuhhi thl v†ci/ dgsTrpy v†c thl uugi bhay sgr jurci uu†ky gx dguugi n˙i vhho/ n˙i dguugi gx uu†ky jurci sgr bhay uugi Iekhhbgrvhhy v†c thl mudgz†dy yTyg-nTngw Tz yTyg-nTngw mudgz†dy thl v†c Iekhhbgrvhhy f'uugk gx ehhi n†k bhay pTrdgxi/ uugi f'v†c nhy f'v†c uugi pTrdgxi/ bhay n†k ehhi gx f'uugk muu†bmhe h†r murhe dgz†dy b†l zhh eshaw chi thl chi eshaw zhh b†l dgz†dy murhe h†r muu†bmhe dguugi mu hubdw f'v†c bhay dguuUxyw uugr f'chi tui f'chi uugr dguuUxyw bhay f'v†c hubdw mu dguugi nhy uu†xgr uugd thf'k dhhi/ f'v†c ckuhz dgcgyi d†yw dgcgyi ckuhz f'v†c dhhi/ thf'k uugd uu†xgr nhy Tz thf'k z˙i uugry zhhgrg kuhcuugrygr tui zhhgr tui kuhcuugrygr zhhgrg uugry z˙i thf'k Tz khcaTpy/ T dTbmg uu†l v†c thl dgvTy ekgngbha thi ekgngbha dgvTy thl v†c uu†l dTbmg T khcaTpy/ vTrmiw gray thmy egi thl zhl Truhxz†di/ n˙i y˙gr n˙i Truhxz†di/ zhl thl egi thmy gray vTrmiw zubsk ak†py auhi Tzuh ruHe/ f'uuhhxw Tz z˙i e†P thz sh thz e†P z˙i Tz f'uuhhxw ruHe/ Tzuh auhi ak†py zubsk uu†l dguugi thcgrdgpuky/ gr v†y dgkgrby uugdi dgkgrby v†y gr thcgrdgpuky/ dguugi uu†l hHshagr dgahfygw hHshai ayhhdgrw sgo jurciw uugdi jurciw sgo ayhhdgrw hHshai dgahfygw hHshagr e†nubhzo tui sgo b†fe†nubhxyhai kgci/ f'chi zhfgrw f'chi kgci/ b†fe†nubhxyhai sgo tui e†nubhzo Tz uugi gr uugy thi h†ri Truo gx uuhsgr kgrbgiw uugy kgrbgiw uuhsgr gx Truo h†ri thi uugy gr uugi Tz gr gx sgrpTr cgxgr pTrayhhi/ f'uu†ky dguu†ky f'uu†ky pTrayhhi/ cgxgr sgrpTr gx gr sgben†k pui uuhkbgr dgy† uuhkbgr pui sgben†k

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, u thbygrbTmh†bTkgr uuhxbaTpykgfgr xgnhbTr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbygrbTmh†bTkgr

hHshag z˙yi eukyur hHshagr uugdi ng v†pyw Tz pui sh cTyhhkheyg thbgo xgnhbTr thbgo cTyhhkheyg sh pui Tz v†pyw ng uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbygrbTmh†bTkgr graygr gr uugy TruhxuuTexi T b˙gr sur hHsha-kgrgrx tui tui hHsha-kgrgrx sur b˙gr T TruhxuuTexi uugy thz uu†x eukyurw hHshagr uugdi xgnhbTr s -dgkgrbyg/ sgr muuhhygr xgnhbTr pui sgo nhi uugry nhi sgo pui xgnhbTr muuhhygr sgr -dgkgrbyg/ thi 9991 hukh 2yi chzi hubh 02xyi pui phrdgeungi PkTbhry tuhpi h†r 1002 thi sh pTrthhbheyg ayTyi/ pTrthhbheyg sh thi 1002 h†r tuhpi PkTbhry hHuu† pui PTyr†bTy tubygri ≤k-†çhç tui hruakho cau≤pu, nhyi hHsha-†Pyhhk c˙o vgcrgHai c˙o hHsha-†Pyhhk nhyi cau≤pu, tubhuugrxhygy tui nhyi ch,-akuo-gkhfow thz Tsurl thz ch,-akuo-gkhfow nhyi tui tubhuugrxhygy nhy druhx vmkjv/ druhx nhy b˙ shxek cubshag khsgr cubshag shxek b˙ TuuTbxhryg cTyhhkhey zhl v†ci xgnhbTr thbgo ubyhew sgo 2yi n˙w thz tubygri PTyr†bTy pubgo PTyr†bTy tubygri thz n˙w 2yi sgo ubyhew dgkgrby thbygbxhuu zhl v†ci zhh drTsuHr-xyusgbyi/ hHuu† phrdgeungi Ti tubygrbgnubd kFçus sgo kFçus tubygrbgnubd Ti phrdgeungi hHuu† z nhzrj- sgr uugdi tui khygrTyur hHshagr sgr uugdi Truhxeungi pui T b˙go e†nPTey-shxek pui hHshag pui e†nPTey-shxek b˙go T pui Truhxeungi sh ayhhdgr/ tui dgahfyg hHshagr thhr†PgHagr Trcgygr khsgr t"y Ithi khcaTpy tui thi dgrTbdk: thi tui khcaTpy Ithi t"y khsgr Trcgygr sgo dgphry v†ci pgks sgo thi nunjho †bdgzggbxyg sh nuzheTkhag hruav pubgo hHshai Trcgygr-cubs"w hHshai pubgo hruav nuzheTkhag sh cTeTbyaTpy dgak†xi v†ci xyusgbyi sh xgnhbTr` dgzubdgi pubgi b˙go hHshai f†r tui sgo Trcgygr- sgo tui f†r hHshai b˙go pubgi dgzubdgi mu zhl dgkgdbvhhy T dgvTy tui Tbsgri nhyi thhbgr rhbd-f†r tui shrhdhry pui zkni nk†yge/ †y sh khsgr sh †y nk†yge/ zkni pui shrhdhry tui rhbd-f†r khnus pTri rgxurxi hårtksheg r˙fg sh nhy cTbhmi v†ci sh s†zheg f†ri ≤jhk, dgzubdgi c˙o e†bmgry c˙o dgzubdgi ≤jhk, f†ri s†zheg sh v†ci ayhhdgr/ tui khygrTyur hHshagr sgr pui sgo 52xyi hTbuTr 8991w kFçus vubsgry h†r cubsw h†r vubsgry kFçus 8991w hTbuTr 52xyi sgo z˙bgi Teyhuuhygyi Tbsgrg tui kgemhgx Tkg 7981 thi uuhkbg/ uuhkbg/ thi 7981 dguugi: z˙bgi kgrgrx sh hHsha/ tuh; dguu†ri dgphry muuhai sh njcrho uu†x njcrho sh muuhai tubhuugrxhygy(: )vgcrgHagr Tkyaukgr nrsfh › zhh phdurhri tuhpi shxek: shxek: tuhpi phdurhri zhh x†uugyi-pTrcTbs" thi eukyur hHshag Ish h/-k/ Pr.w angreg Pr.w h/-k/ tui xgnhbTr yg†k†dhagr )hHshagr phanTi sus › eTyagrdhbxehw nav eTyagrdhbxehw hHuu†(: cr†sgrz†iw sus cr†sgrz†iw eukyur hHshagr n†sgrbgr sgr pui tuhpeuo Isgr gsgkayTyw a/ Tb-xehw a/ gsgkayTyw nhzrj-thhr†Pg" thi Tçrvo rhhzgiw n†rhx rhhzgiw Tçrvo )yrhbhyh-eTkgsza(: eTx†uu anutk › uuhbyaguuxehw n†rhx uuhbyaguuxehw Puhki" muuhabnkjnvshei thi eukyur hHshag Ish r†zgbpgks` muuhai sh muuhai r†zgbpgks` tubhuugrxhygy(: )nhahdTbgr b†rhl jbv › e†nP†zhy†ri z˙bgi nhfk z˙bgi e†nP†zhy†ri ayTyi" pTrthhbheyg sh thi khygrTyur hHshag Ish dgkcTryw kTzTr uu˙bgrw kTzTr dgkcTryw tubhuugrxhygy )vgcrgHagr b†uugraygri Tçrvo › sus chhdgknTiw hux; chhdgknTiw sus ch,-akuo-gkhfo(: tui runahbxeh/ x†khxyi: jbv x†khxyi: runahbxeh/ uugre" Iakuo-gkhfnx euPgr tui sbhtk rTux/ sgr rTux/ sbhtk tui euPgr tubhuugrxhygy(: )vgcrgHagr yurbhTbxeh juv › Tfyh†rhegr tkhag nk†yge v†y dgzubdgi v†y nk†yge tkhag Tfyh†rhegr khygrTyur" hHshag Tkyg Ish eTyagrdhbxehx Ihudby-vhngi"/ eTyagrdhbxehx ar˙cgrx hHshag nhy cTegby zhl ngi v†y sgrmu vgfgr muuhh vubsgry ngbyai z˙bgi dgeungi vgri dgeungi z˙bgi ngbyai vubsgry muuhh vgfgr T tuh; dgdTbdgi tuhl uuh eukyur-yugrxw tui yhhk khsgr pubgo shxekw T sTbergsg pui shbvkg pui sTbergsg T shxekw pubgo khsgr yhhk uu†l grayg sh ≤k-†çhç/ thcgr yur khygrTrhai dTkgrxw sgr Pr†sumhrgr pubgo shxek )x'thhbhek pui )x'thhbhek shxek pubgo Pr†sumhrgr sgr dTkgrxw thi ch,-akuo-gkhfo thi phrdgeungi khnusho sh z˙bgi gnbutk PTy tui x'turthhbhek pui hgeç PTy(w uuh tuhl uuh PTy(w hgeç pui x'turthhbhek tui PTy gnbutk vgcrgHai vr-vmuphow tuhpi uu†l muuhhyg sh ≤k-†çhçw yugo z˙i dganTeg ehfkgl/ dgphry sgo p†rzh. v†y p†rzh. sgo dgphry ehfkgl/ dganTeg z˙i yugo hruakho/ tubhuugrxhygyw s"r khzT gPayhhiw sgr uuhxbaTpykgfgr shrgey†r uuhxbaTpykgfgr sgr gPayhhiw khzT s"r xl T dguugi thz xgnhbTr tuhpi †Pru; sgr pubgo hHuu†/ tuh; mumudrhhyi s†x shxek v†ci sh f†ri sh v†ci shxek s†x mumudrhhyi tuh; hHuu†/ pubgo v†y ngi dgrhfy/ zhl v†y ng uuh gbyuzhTxyhagr Pr†pgxh†bgk thcgrrge†rshry sh khsgr thi T xyush†/ T thi khsgr sh thcgrrge†rshry Pr†pgxh†bgk zhh tui kgbsgr Tfy pui xyusgbyi sr˙xhe †bdgbungi muzTngi nhyi shxek erhdy ngi T ahhi thkuxyrhry ahhi T ngi erhdy shxek nhyi muzTngi v†ci vum†u, sh druPgx/ muuhh tuh; mgyhhky chfk pui 23 z˙ykglw uu†x bgny Tr˙i Tkg uugrygr pui uugrygr Tkg Tr˙i bgny uu†x z˙ykglw 23 pui chfk v†ci uu†x thbxyhyumhgx sh dgsgey sgrgheray sh khsgr tuh; hHshaw yrTbxkhygrhry tui thcgrdgzgmy tui yrTbxkhygrhry hHshaw tuh; khsgr sh dgdgci tuhl v†y hHuu† sgr xgnhbTr/ sgo †rdTbhzhry tuh; gbdkhaw uuh tuhl b†yhmi uugdi sh njcrho tui njcrho sh uugdi b†yhmi tuhl uuh gbdkhaw tuh; sgr pui crhhyvTrmhehhy sgr sTbe T p†r-xyhPgbshgxw e†nP†zhy†ri tui zfrubu, uugdi sgo cubs/ b†l shxekgl b†l cubs/ sgo uugdi zfrubu, tui e†nP†zhy†ri pui rhyaTrsxw Trb†ks s"r pui p†ruugryx-Tx†mhTmhgw tui yTangx egi ngi zhl uugbsi muo hHuu†/ hHuu†/ muo uugbsi zhl ngi egi yTangx tui xyg;-p†bs/ x†bhg pubgo tui d†ygxpgks-vgkgr pTbhg v YIVO News T b˙g tuhxdTcg pui hHuu† pui tuhxdTcg b˙g T pTrkgmyg yhhki pTrkgmyg thxy IPTre pui cbhi thi thz v˙h†r hubh 31yi go hHshag z˙yi pui cul v†ci mu v†ci cul pui pui cul sgo kFçus ånjv T p†rdgeungi xhbTd†d" s y†i nhy sgr nhy y†i TcrTn†uuhya vhra sgrmHgr tui ar˙cgr uuhkbgr Pr†pgxh†bgkgr g g b b g g s s b b U U u u u u a a r r T T p p t"b †rhdhbTk hHshagr sgr g"v/ tuhxchksubd pui tuhxchksubd s"r pui vesnv T nhy 8591w thi Truhx thz i i y y k k T T y y a a g g d d hHshag hudbykgfg hHshag hHuu†/ pui shrgey†r sgn†kyhei sgo uu˙br˙lw nTex thi Puhkiw T dgchy T Puhkiw thi T nhy thcgrzgmubdw gbdkhag Ti Truhx thz thmy thi uugkfi sgr uugkfi thi pui rgsTey†r phanTiw sus s"r pui vesnv b˙gr njcr thz dguugi thz njcr thi nhyTrcgygr uuhxbaTpykgfgr tui r r g g y y g g k k c c - - † † u u u u H H h h shbv TcrTn†uuhya c˙ sgr åhnjv sgr c˙ TcrTn†uuhya shbv dTb. z˙i ygyhe thz tuhxdTcg gbdkhagr sgr pui yhyk sgr hHuu†/ kFçus thr p†ygrx cul p†ygrx thr kFçus kgci/ sgr kgci/ uuhhi- thz pTrkTd sgr tui Profiles of a Lost World kgmygr yhhk thz T xgrhg PgbP†ryrgyi pui phrbsheg pui PgbP†ryrgyi xgrhg T thz yhhk kgmygr hHuu†/ nhy e††PgrTmhg thi xyhhy-tubhuugrxhygyw Pgrzgbkgfehhyi thi hHshai dgzgkaTpykgfi kgci thi kgci dgzgkaTpykgfi hHshai thi Pgrzgbkgfehhyi Pr†p' dguugi thz ånjv sgr pui dTxyrgsbgr sgr uuhkbg muuhai chhsg uugky-nkjnu,/ chhsg muuhai uuhkbg gr e†bgyhe†y(/ )yrhbhyh-eTkgszaw eTx†uu anutk sh y†fygr pui njcrw shbv TcrTn†uuhyaw T TcrTn†uuhyaw shbv njcrw pui y†fygr sh khyuuhai pui gçr vhxy†rhai uugdi sgrmhhky v†y kTbdh†rheg chckh†ygeTrhi pui hHuu†w v†y dgrgsy v†y hHuu†w pui chckh†ygeTrhi kTbdh†rheg sh Trundgrhbdky v†ci uu†x kgdgbsgx sh tui hHsbyuo uugdi sgo uuh gx thz tuhpdgeungi sgr dgsTbe pui sgr pui dgsTbe sgr tuhpdgeungi thz gx uuh sgo uugdi sgr thi cTeTby uuhkbgw dgchyw pubgo vuhPyay†y gbdkhagr thcgrzgmubd tui uuh Tzuh sgr dgsTbe thz dgsTbe sgr Tzuh uuh tui thcgrzgmubd gbdkhagr cul s†x skhyt"/ Ihruakho uuh yrTshmhg hHshagr pTruuhrekgfy dguu†ri/ thi sh 07gr h†riw uugi sh uugi h†riw 07gr sh thi dguu†ri/ pTruuhrekgfy tui kgci njcrx pui gPhz†si rhh T pui cTayhhy hHshag tuhxdTcg thz dguu†ri tuhxdgagPyw thz auhi thz tuhxdgagPyw dguu†ri thz tuhxdTcg hHshag phb; thi t˙bdgyhhky thz tui p†raubdgi s†eungbyhryg Fngy bhy dguugi ehhi †bprTdgx uugdi cul/ †cgr cul/ uugdi †bprTdgx ehhi dguugi bhy Fngy tui Prbxu, sh cTar˙cy jke graygr sgr jkeho/ sgrpTr v†y zhl cTuuhzi Ti thbygrgx pTri cul thi sh thi cul pTri thbygrgx Ti cTuuhzi zhl v†y sgrpTr hHsi aygykag tui s†rphag pui kgci ayhhdgr sgo gbdkha-rhhsbsheg er˙zi/ thhbheg p†ragr v†ci mhyhry v†ci p†ragr thhbheg er˙zi/ gbdkha-rhhsbsheg auugrg zhhgr h"vw 02xyi pui pgryk grayi thi s†x culw Tbsgrg v†ci gx dgbumy thi sh hHshag sh thi dgbumy gx v†ci Tbsgrg culw s†x thi dgbhyehhy druhxg zhhgr tuhl †cgr v†rguuTbhgw khnusho thi sh tubhuugrxhygyiw tui b†l Tbsgrg v†ci Tbsgrg b†l tui tubhuugrxhygyiw sh thi khnusho chxk T dguugi z˙bgi hHsi aygykag sh Trcgy/ sgr dgcgyi thcgrzgmi cTzubsgrg eTPhykgi/ Tzuh thz Tzuh eTPhykgi/ cTzubsgrg thcgrzgmi dgcgyi dguugi tuhl z˙bgi zhh †cgr s†rphagw sh uuh Tbsgra tuhpdgeungi sgr dgsTbe thcgrmuzgmi s†x dTbmg culw dTbmg s†x thcgrmuzgmi dgsTbe sgr tuhpdgeungi drgxgrg sh thi hHsi sh pui cTzg ge†b†nhag sh cpry Tz gx thz dguugi Ti thsgTkg thcgrzgmgrhi uu†x thcgrzgmgrhi thsgTkg Ti dguugi thz gx Tz cpry mu v†ci jke sgo thi gxhhgi ehrmgrg muuhh sh aygy/ v†y zhl tubygrdgbungi mu y†i sh Trcgyw juv s†cehiw juv Trcgyw sh y†i mu tubygrdgbungi zhl v†y sgr tui hHsi khyuuhag c˙ Tfhku, nhy thhbgr y†iw pTr uugkfgr thcgrzgmubdgi pui hHsha z˙bgi dguugi T dguugi z˙bgi hHsha pui thcgrzgmubdgi uugkfgr pTr v†ci uu†x e†k†bhxyi hHshag nhy muuhhygr xl ngr uuh Pauy T Prbxv/ sh Trcgy v†y dgsuhgry v†y Trcgy sh Prbxv/ T Pauy uuh ngr xl Pxhfha vhhngi s†rphag zhhgrg thi Tr˙bdgbungi gykgfg h†r/ sgr uu˙ygrshegr yrhy thz dguugi mu dguugi thz yrhy uu˙ygrshegr sgr h†r/ gykgfg sgr kuhy aygyw drgxgrg Trunheg sh pui hHsi erTbeg dgphbgi T pTrkgdgrw tui nhr )sh y†fygr pui njcr pui y†fygr )sh nhr tui pTrkgdgrw T dgphbgi s†eyuhrho/ zhhgrg pui rge†ngbsTmhg tui sh thcgrzgmgrhi( z˙bgi dguugi dkhekglw Tz sgr Tz dkhekglw dguugi z˙bgi thcgrzgmgrhi( sh tui uugdi zhl rgsy cul pubgo yhhk muuhhyi thi hHuu†w thi muzTngbTrcgy nhy sgo uuhhi-xyhhy- sgo nhy muzTngbTrcgy thi hHuu†w mTrhai thi kgci hHshai pui TxPgeyi pTrahhsgbg tubhuugrxhygy pTrkTd thi sgyruhy v†ci †bdgbungi v†ci sgyruhy thi pTrkTd tubhuugrxhygy 02xyi †bvhhc tui 91yi pui h†ri kgmyg sh thi ruxkTbs tubszgr p†rak†d Truhxmudgci sh thcgrzgmubd/ sh thcgrzgmubd/ sh Truhxmudgci p†rak†d tubszgr thbygrgxTbygr Ti dguugi thz s†x h"v/ rge†ngbsTmhg †bmubgngi sgo p†rak†d v†ci dgdgci v†ci p†rak†d sgo †bmubgngi rge†ngbsTmhg hHshai yrTshmh†bgki pui thcgrdTbdx-Pgrh†s s"r Tvri bTskgrw sgr sgn†kyhegr uuhxbaTpykgfgr sgn†kyhegr sgr bTskgrw Tvri s"r b˙g tui ayrgcubdgi n†sgrbg mu kgci shrgey†r pui hHuu†w tui Pr†p' rptk PTyTH g"vw PTyTH rptk Pr†p' tui hHuu†w pui shrgey†r ygbsgbmi/ Pr†pgx†r pui hHshagr Tbyr†P†k†dhg tui rgsTey†r tui Tbyr†P†k†dhg hHshagr pui Pr†pgx†r T thz cul pui yhhk srhygr sgr pui husTHeT-PuckheTmhgx thi uuhhi-xyhhy- thi husTHeT-PuckheTmhgx pui akhxy gr muuhhyi/ pui vnal fr†b†k†dhagr tubhuugrxhygy/ pTr sgr gbsdhkyhegr rgsTemhg pui rgsTemhg gbsdhkyhegr sgr pTr tubhuugrxhygy/ sgr uugdi tuhxp†raubd s†eungbyhryg T t˙i sgo F,ç-hs v†y sgr hHuu† †bdgaygky sgo hubdi sgo †bdgaygky hHuu† sgr v†y F,ç-hs sgo thi †euPTbyi s˙yag sh pui tuhpphrubd dgkgrbyi hjhtk-Tct )szagprh( aTbskgr/ s"r bTskgr s"r aTbskgr/ )szagprh( hjhtk-Tct dgkgrbyi uugky- graygr sgr cg, dgchy uuhkbgr v†y cTeungi T xyhPgbshg mu sgei sh vumtu, pui sgr pui vumtu, sh sgei mu xyhPgbshg T cTeungi v†y ITPrhk-ygd t"y zfrubu, eTPhyk T nkjnv/ khyTugr-pubsTmhgw uugngbx xgergyTrhi thz pruh thz xgergyTrhi uugngbx khyTugr-pubsTmhgw pui tuhpay˙d uugdi sgrmhhky 9191" PTngkT cruncgrd/ shbv TcrTn†uuhya sgrmhhkyw Tz sgrmhhkyw TcrTn†uuhya shbv cruncgrd/ PTngkT grayg sh thi eTby sgo thi Tbyhxgnhyhzo ]vnal tuh; z' y[ z' tuh; ]vnal T mudgeungi thr thz cul b˙go sgo pui sh nkufv/ Puhkhagr b˙gr sgr pui h†ri

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, s Tçhçv Txyrhbxeh ≈ b˙gr vuhPy pui sgr chckh†yge sgr pui vuhPy b˙gr ≈ Txyrhbxeh Tçhçv

hHshag z˙yi tuhpdgaygky ay†y thi v†y ≤hniw thi dgcuhrgbgr b˙gr sgr Txyrhbxehw Tçhçv ˙ muuhh ahki ≈ thhbg T ≤hnbgr tui thhbg T xprshag"/ T thhbg tui ≤hnbgr T thhbg ≈ ahki muuhh hHuu†- sgr pui vuhPy c c˙ sgr Trcgy v†y gr zhl tuhxdgkgrby nTng-kauiw tuhxdgkgrby zhl gr v†y Trcgy sgr c˙ guçsv ghersheg sh thz chckh†ygew uu†x T sTbe sgo v†y gr zhl dgegby mubuhprgsi nhy mubuhprgsi dgegby zhl gr v†y sgo sTbe T uu†x sgr pui tumru, sh tuhxdr†ci s†x Tçhçvx nTngw T dgeungbg pui uuuhshxkguuw Puhki/ v†y Puhki/ uuuhshxkguuw pui dgeungbg T nTngw Tçhçvx zhh nTfi tui chckh†yge sh y†fygr dgrgsy hHsha nhy sgr naPjv pui nTngx pui naPjv sgr nhy hHsha dgrgsy y†fygr sh pTr muyrhykgl e†nPhuygrha msw uuh tuhl tuhxdgkgrby zhl s†x ≤hnbgr gçrh,/ ≤hnbgr s†x zhl tuhxdgkgrby tuhl uuh msw s† cgkbho dkTy pTr tui p†ragrx thi Tngrheg tui thcgr sgr uugky/ sgr thcgr tui Tngrheg thi Tçhçv nav-zfrhv cgegr nav-zfrhv sgo e†nPhuygrhzhri uuhk zh Txyrhbxeh eTyTk†d tui dgci sgo guko T guko sgo dgci tui eTyTk†d dhhy Tuuge pubgo hHuu† pubgo Tuuge dhhy hårtksheg tui thhr†PgHag TngrheTbgrw mu muyrhy av-zfrhv cgegrw sgr vuhPy pui sgr hHuu†- sgr pui vuhPy sgr cgegrw av-zfrhv ngr b†l dguu†ky tuhl uu†ky zh sTyi-cTzgx/ chckh†ygew v†y dgk†zy uuhxiw Tz zungr 9991 zungr Tz uuhxiw dgk†zy v†y chckh†ygew n c˙o z˙i cTvhkphe tuhl uuh dgbgTk†diw Truhxvgkpi uugy gr thcgrbgngi T b˙go P†xyi uuh eurTy†r pui eurTy†r uuh P†xyi b˙go T thcgrbgngi gr uugy uugkyuugc/ sgr tuh; thbp†rnTmhgx zufi husTHeT tui vgcrgHeT thi sgr chckh†yge pubgo chckh†yge sgr thi vgcrgHeT tui husTHeT hHuu† c˙o Trcgy sgr tuh; Truhx zhhgr If'eue xygbp†rsgr tubhuugrxhygy )eTkhp†rbhg(/ cgegr v†y cgegr )eTkhp†rbhg(/ tubhuugrxhygy xygbp†rsgr zh v†y dgahfyg'"w hHshagr pTr 'mgbygr b˙go thbgo vgfgr 11 h†r pTrbungi z˙i P†xyi s†/ prHgr thz gr thz prHgr s†/ P†xyi z˙i pTrbungi h†r 11 vgfgr thhi tubygr mubuhpphri uugy mgbygr Isgr dgz†dy/ dguugi ygfbhagr chckh†ygegr thi sgr n†byrg†kgr sgr thi chckh†ygegr ygfbhagr dguugi hårtk"/ ≤pumu, Fk pui dgahfyg hHshag sh sTl hHshagr p†kex-chckh†yge )1891Ω7891( tui b†l prHgr b†l tui )1891Ω7891( p†kex-chckh†yge hHshagr h†r gk; pTrdTbdgbg sh thi thz Txyrhbxeh pr' dgTrcgy thi sgr chckh†yge pubgo hHuu† uuh vuhPy- uuh hHuu† pubgo chckh†yge sgr thi dgTrcgy vgfgrg pTr mgbygr pubgo chckh†ygegr sgr dguugi eTyTk†dhrgr tui dgbgTk†dhagr chckh†ygegr dgbgTk†dhagr tui eTyTk†dhrgr tubhuugrxhygy/ Pgbxhkuuhhbhgr c˙o khnusho hHshag )6791Ω1891(/ dTbmg sh e†nPhuygrhzhri s†x surfdgphry zh v†y s†x b†l thi 1791 v†y zhl †bdgvuhci cgegrx pTrchbsubd cgegrx †bdgvuhci zhl v†y 1791 thi b†l dTbmi thi muuhhyg sh thmygr thz uu†x chckh†ygew nhyi hHuu†w uugi gr v†y ayushry thi sgr zungr- sgr thi ayushry v†y gr uugi hHuu†w nhyi sh thi husTHeT zTnkubd druhxg e†nPhuygrhzhryg Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uu˙br˙lw uu†x gr z†dyw Tz s†x Tz z†dyw gr uu†x uu˙br˙lw turhtk t"b Pr†drTo sgo thcgrdgbungi v†y zh thhsgr ayTyi/ pTrthhbheyg thz Ickh auo xpe dguugi sh drgxyg thcgrkgcubd pui thcgrkgcubd drgxyg sh dguugi xpe auo Ickh thz nhyTrcgygr T dguugi zh thz P†xyi phkTsgkphgr n˙bg hubdg h†ri"/ uugdi z˙i kTbdh†rhegr Trcgy thbgo Trcgy kTbdh†rhegr z˙i uugdi h†ri"/ hubdg n˙bg hubh†i thbgo tui xgnhbTr yg†k†dhai hHshai thbgo nav-zfrhv cgegr nav-zfrhv hHuu† z†dy grw Tz Is†x z˙i sgr vuhPy-chckh†ygegr sgr z˙i Is†x Tz grw z†dy hHuu† yugrhi T tuhl thz zh bhu-h†re/ thi xgnhbTr yg†k†dhai thz nhr dguugi T druhxgr Fçus tui T druhxg zfhv/ surl zfhv/ druhxg T tui Fçus druhxgr T dguugi nhr thz chckh†ygei/ hHshag pTrcTbs thbgo sgr m˙y v†c thl muzTngbdgTrcgy nhy uugryheg nhy muzTngbdgTrcgy thl v†c m˙y sgr thz zh Tz w zh sgrmhhky hårtk" ≤pumu, IFk Tegdi e†kgdgxw dguugi sgr nnubv thcgr zgkygbg thcgr nnubv sgr dguugi e†kgdgxw tuhpdguu†exi chi Ithl hårtk": I≤pumu, ayhe T Tkhhi zTnkubdgiw dgTrcgy c˙ Fkgrkhh zhhgr uuhfyheg zhhgr Fkgrkhh c˙ dgTrcgy zTnkubdgiw T yTygw sgr ayuc/ ≤k-†çhçgr prungr T thi Pr†hgeyiw dguugi T cTTnygr thi muuhh Pr†pgxh†bgkg muuhh thi cTTnygr T dguugi Pr†hgeyiw †rdTbhzTmhgx tui tuhxdguugi T vTkcg uugky" ≈ uugky" vTkcg T tuhxdguugi tui †rdTbhzTmhgx sgrubygr uuhkbgw eHguuw uuTrag tui cugb†x-t˙rgx/ gr cugb†x-t˙rgx/ tui uuTrag eHguuw uuhkbgw sgrubygr dgkgr guuT s"r pui rgpgrTy v†y tuhl nhydgTrcgy c˙o mudrhhyi tui surfphri s†x surfphri tui mudrhhyi c˙o nhydgTrcgy tuhl v†y tubhuugrxhygy( )uuTraguugr Trhcgrek˙ci zhl pubgo hHuu†w prHgr pui sgr 5ygr sgr pui prHgr hHuu†w pubgo zhl Trhcgrek˙ci T dgkgrw guuT s"r v†y nTr. 3yi go guugbhu thbgo sgruu˙khei k†eTk tuh; sgr 75ygr dTx 75ygr sgr tuh; k†eTk sgruu˙khei thbgo guugbhu tubhuugrxhygyw uuTraguugr thi dgrnTbhxyeg s tui sgrb†fsgo thbgo b˙go Imgbygr pTr hHshagr pTr Imgbygr b˙go thbgo sgrb†fsgo tui dgrnTb†mgbyrhagr Isgr t"y rgpgrTy T dgvTkyi dgahfyg"w tuh; sgr 61ygr dTx/ 61ygr sgr tuh; dgahfyg"w v†y zh hHsha"/ mu mudTbd xkTuu†mgbyrhai sgo Tegdi bhay-dgeuey sgruh; uu†x cgegr dhhy Tuugew uugy Tuugew dhhy cgegr uu†x sgruh; bhay-dgeuey tuhpeuo sgo nFuj yg†rhgx Fkgrkhh sh Trundgrgsy gr zhfgr uu˙ygr z˙i pTrcubsi nhyi hHuu† surl ck˙ci surl hHuu† nhyi pTrcubsi z˙i uu˙ygr zhfgr gr pTrrgfby z˙i sTr; hHsha mh sgrgheray hHshaw pui T nhydkhs/ sgrmu e†bxyTyhry grw Tz sh mhki pui sgr pui mhki sh Tz grw e†bxyTyhry sgrmu nhydkhs/ T aPrTl/ xkTuuhagr T mh dgrnTbhagr T pTr Pr†drTo pui hHshag khnusho c˙o xygbp†rsgr c˙o khnusho hHshag pui Pr†drTo bhay egi ng f†ya Tz zhw v†y tuhxdgphry tubhuugrxhygy Iz˙bgi mudgPTxy mu sh pubgo hHuu†"/ pubgo sh mu mudgPTxy Iz˙bgi tubhuugrxhygy sh †cgr thz kauiw xkTuuha T pTr hHsha pTrrgfgbgi sgr r†a pui sgr xygbp†rsgr Pr†drTow Pr†p' Pr†drTow xygbp†rsgr sgr pui r†a sgr dguugi p†ry nTng-kaui tuh; vaPgv xkTuuhag xyhuugi mhPgrayhhiw thz yTeg T drTsuHrygr x˙ pui x˙ drTsuHrygr T yTeg thz mhPgrayhhiw xyhuugi b†r bhay pkud` thi zhl x'sTfy uuh yhpgr tui ayTregr sgr zungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uu˙br˙lw x˙ pubgo x˙ uu˙br˙lw turhtk t"b zungr-Pr†drTo sgr sh tuhl b†r dguu†riw nuaPg uugrygr-tumr sgr thz nTex uu˙br˙l-mgbygr c˙o hHuu†/ pTrbgngi cgegrx pTrbgngi hHuu†/ c˙o uu˙br˙l-mgbygr nTex p†bgyhew sh ≈ aPrTl sgr pui xyrueyur xTng P†xyi uuh vuhPy-chckh†ygegr uugy Tçhçv Txyrhbxeh/ Txyrhbxeh/ Tçhçv uugy vuhPy-chckh†ygegr uuh P†xyi xhbyTex/ tui drTnTyhe n†rp†p†bgnhew p†bgnhew d YIVO News 5/1 nhkh†i s†kTr dgaTpi c˙o v˙h†rhei cTbegy v˙h†rhei c˙o dgaTpi s†kTr nhkh†i 5/1

≤nmh, pui vhhow naPjvw hHshaehhy/ z˙bgi nhr Tkhhi T Tkhhi nhr z˙bgi hHshaehhy/ naPjvw vhhow pui ≤nmh, v˙h†r TPrhk 72xyi sgo hHuu†-cTbegy 47xyi ˙o hHshag z˙yi ayhe 'cTcruhxe'"/ ayhe kTbdgrw T Ib†l vnal/ dguugi gher-ygng sgr thz c p' xk†uuhi v†y Tkgngi dgsTbey pTri ayhmi sgo ayhmi pTri dgsTbey Tkgngi v†y xk†uuhi p' tundgegry hHuu† sgr zhl v†y bxhgv vgkshagr hHuu† tui sgo b˙go Imgbygr pTr hHshagr dgahfyg"/ hHshagr pTr Imgbygr b˙go sgo tui hHuu† pubgo p†rzhmgr xk†uuhiw crul-tkh dgz†dy v†y Tvhho"w Inhy t˙gr vhk; uugki nhr vhPa tuhpy†i/ ehhi crhrv ehhi tuhpy†i/ vhPa nhr uugki vhk; t˙gr Inhy Phgr/ v†ygk thi dgxy 005 sh cTdrhxi c˙o hHuu†w v†ci nhr bhayw sgr b˙gr sur pTrk†zy zhl tuh; zhl pTrk†zy sur b˙gr sgr bhayw nhr v†ci pTrabhygbg tubszgrg muuhai crhe sh thz hHuu† Isgr tubsz"/ uu†x suru, v˙byheg sh tui hHsi nhzrj-thhr†PgHag pTrthbygrgxhri zhl nhy tho"/ nhy zhl pTrthbygrgxhri ]vnal pui z' t[ z' pui ]vnal zgknTb†uuhya hHuu†x sgo †bdgzgi ayTre zhl v†y s†ryi thcgrdgdgcbehhy sgr hHshagr aPrTl tui eukyur/ tui aPrTl hHshagr sgr thcgrdgdgcbehhy Pr†drTo c˙o e†kunchT-tubhuugrxhygy/ †y uu†x zh uu†x †y e†kunchT-tubhuugrxhygy/ c˙o Pr†drTo v†y zgknTb†uuhya n†yk pTruuTkyubd-nhydkhs sgr ar˙cy ≈ thl mhyhr: thl ≈ ar˙cy pubgo p†rzhmgr sgr hHshaw tuh; guko sgo cTdrhxy ITzuh uuh sgr P†gy z/ uu˙bPgr v†y dgz†dyw v†y uu˙bPgr z/ P†gy sgr uuh ITzuh e†nhygy- zhxgxw egyh tui kuh rhyT phrgraTpy-p†ruo 'hHsha thz n˙i kaui'/ tui f†ya gx thz bhay n˙i bhay thz gx f†ya tui kaui'/ n˙i thz 'hHsha tuh; x˙ hHshaw tuh; x˙ dgrgsy v†ci nhydkhsw nTng-kauiw tui tuhl bhy n˙i y†d-ygdkgfg aPrTlw y†d-ygdkgfg n˙i bhy tuhl tui nTng-kauiw gbdkha/ v†c thl aygbshe dgphkyw Tz hHsha thz yTeg n˙i yTeg thz hHsha Tz dgphkyw aygbshe thl v†c tuhxmhhfgbubdgi cTeungi v†ci uu†x grbdgxyw sh kaui ≈ uugrygrw ekTbdgiw tuhxsruei tui nuzhew uu†x nuzhew tui tuhxsruei ekTbdgiw uugrygrw ≈ kaui sgr uuhbgrw uu†kygr dguugi z˙bgi kgcbx-tuhpyuw pTri kgci yh; thi n˙i vTr. tui banv/ tui vTr. n˙i thi yh; kgci IrgPuckhe cTbe sgr pui p†rzhmgr dguugzgbgr Ithl chi dgcuhri dguu†ri thi T cubshxyhagr T thi dguu†ri dgcuhri chi Ithl yugrw dgzgkaTpykgfgr cTuuUxygr T tui bTmh†bTk" naPjvw puk nhy Teyhuuhxyiw thsgTkhxyi tui thsgTkhxyi Teyhuuhxyiw nhy puk naPjvw Pr†pgx†r Pgbxh†bhrygr r†z†uuxehw vgbrh s"r tui ar˙cgrxw uu†x v†ci zhl thcgrdgdgci mu sgo vnal sgo mu thcgrdgdgci zhl v†ci uu†x ar˙cgrxw vTruuTrs-tubhuugrxhygy/ c˙o pui hHshaehhy/ thl chi dgdTbdgi thi sgr Trcgygr- sgr thi dgdTbdgi chi thl hHshaehhy/ pui thz yTyg z˙i uuh sgrmhhkyw v†y uuhbgr p' rhbd-auk 41Ω3 tui thi sgo zungregnP 'vnal'/ thl 'vnal'/ zungregnP sgo thi tui 41Ω3 rhbd-auk dgdby/ dr†sbgr crgziw aygyk pui Tuuge ekhhbgrvhhy v†c aygbshe nurt dgvTy rgsi hHshaw uu˙k n˙i uu˙k hHshaw rgsi dgvTy nurt aygbshe v†c naPjv-uu†rmkgi z˙bg mu tunmuegri uuhsgr zhl Fsh hHsha-uu†eTcukTr thz auuTl/ thl uuhk thhi n†k pTr n†k thhi uuhk thl auuTl/ thz hHsha-uu†eTcukTr tui hHsha-Fkk-yugr˙w thi Tr˙bdgy†i uuhbgr zhl v†y Tkg n†k zhl †bvhhci kgrbgi rgsi hHsha pkhxhe tui pkhxhe hHsha rgsi kgrbgi †bvhhci zhl n†k Tkg hHuu†- sgr pui nhydkhs T dguu†ri Tbsgrg muuhai yrTfyi tuh; hHsha/ sgr vnal pui hHshaehhyw pui hHshaehhyw pui vnal sgr hHsha/ tuh; yrTfyi hHshag sh tuhpmuvhyi Fsh thl yu Is†x pTruuTkyubd/ n˙i naPjv tui pui n˙bg ehbsgr-h†riw thz thmy n˙i thmy thz ehbsgr-h†riw n˙bg pui tui naPjv n˙i dgz†dy/ gr v†y eukyur"w Truhxru; tui n˙i zfhv"/ n˙i tui Truhxru; z˙i uu†x sTbmhe thi dgcuhrgbgr T r†z†uuxehw s"r †y pTr sh hubdg hHsiw pruhgi tui ngbgrw v†y sgr v†y ngbgrw tui pruhgi hHsiw hubdg sh pTr †y zhhgr thz uu˙xruxkTbsw cTcruhxew pui ayTny naPjv hHuu† dgdgci sh ngdkgfehhyi zhl mu pTrchbsi nhy pTrchbsi mu zhl ngdkgfehhyi sh dgdgci hHuu† Tz dgz†dyw v†y gr p†ke/ hHshai sgo thcgrdgdgci sgo hHshai kaui tui hHshagr eukyur/ dguuhxg eukyur/ hHshagr tui kaui hHshai sgo tui ahhi Tzuh dguugi bhay cTcruhxe thi thz Itpar ngbyai prgdiw IpTr uu†x suuet hHsha?" suuet uu†x IpTr prgdiw ngbyai tuhxn†ki/ tubsz pkgd yTyg sgr uuh rjçu,shew nhr z†di cphrua h† ≈ uu˙k hHsha thz ngr uuh T uuh ngr thz hHsha uu˙k ≈ h† cphrua z†di nhr sgr dguugi tubsz c˙ cTcruhxe thz pubsgxyuugdi kaui/ hHsha thz sh banv pui p†ke/ hHsha pTrbgny T pTrbgny hHsha p†ke/ pui banv sh thz hHsha kaui/ P†zhmhg uu†x v†y bhy thr dk˙fi thi tubszgr thi dk˙fi thr bhy v†y uu†x P†zhmhg pTrdTbdgbvhhy/ s†x thz sh aPrTl thi uugkfgr gx uugkfgr thi aPrTl sh thz s†x pTrdTbdgbvhhy/ t[ z' pui ]vnal r˙bx s"r thz e†bxgruuhry tubszgr dTbmg kgcbx-sgrpTrubdw dTbmg tubszgr e†bxgruuhry thz uuhfyhegr sgr thi †byhhk n˙i tuh; Truhx eue MMthl jfnvw khhsiw z†rd tui v†pgbubd/ tui z†rd khhsiw jfnvw sgr tuh; tuhl MMuuh dgz†dyw gr v†y hHuu†"w thi Trcgy sgrhcgrw n˙bg khcg pr˙bsw uuh auugr sgr nmç sgr auugr uuh pr˙bsw khcg n˙bg sgrhcgrw sh nhy muzTngbmTrcgy b†gbygr pui dgkgdbvhhy pui hHsha z†k bhy z˙i v˙byw z†dy sgr hHuu† ≈ bhhi! ≈ hHuu† sgr z†dy v˙byw z˙i bhy z†k hHsha pui 'mgbygr b˙go pubgo drhbsgr-†rdTbhzTmhgx Tbsgrg hHsha nuz kgciw uu˙k hHsha v†ci nhr khcw Tphku sh Tphku khcw nhr v†ci hHsha uu˙k kgciw nuz hHsha †bdgzggbg Tbsgrg nhy tui dgahfyg' hHshagr pTr pui tubsz uu†x egbgi uuhhbhe tubszgr kaui/ tubszgr uuhhbhe egbgi uu†x tubsz pui thbxyhyumhgx"/ TeTsgnhag sgr hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu†w ≈ thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr sgr crul- e†ngbyhry v†y b†nhbTmhg r˙bx' s"r uugdi uu†x uugy thmygr vuhzi muzTngi nhy Tbsgrg nhy muzTngi vuhzi thmygr uugy uu†x hHuu†-pTruuTkyubd: sgr pui p†rzhmgr sgr xk†uuhiw tkh thbxyhyumhgx thi T vhxy†rhai eukyur-mgbygr thi eukyur-mgbygr vhxy†rhai T thi thbxyhyumhgx PgsTd†dw T th thz gr ≈ yTkTbyi xl T v†y r˙bx MMs"r bhu-h†rew ck˙cy uu˙ygr T khfyyurgo thi sgr thi khfyyurgo T uu˙ygr ck˙cy bhu-h†rew †bphrgr/ Ti tui TsnhbhxyrTy†r Ti th p†ragrw T th v˙bym˙yhegr hHshagr dgahfyg/ hHshagr v˙bym˙yhegr m˙yw T thi hHuu† sgo pTrayTrei uugki cehtu, z˙bg z†k kgci sgr hHuu†! sgr kgci z†k uuhfyheg b˙g tubygrmubgngi zhl cTnHgi nhr uugi z†k kgci s†x hHshag p†ke! hHshag s†x kgci z†k Pr†hgeyi"/ c hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991 zungr 881 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, c hshgu, hshgu, 881 bun' zungr 9991 zungr YYNEWSIVOIVO hHuu† pui 5/1 nhkh†i s†kTr dgaTpi s†kTr nhkh†i 5/1 n/ zgknTb†uuhya: cTdrhxubd muo hHuu†-cTbegy 9991 hHuu†-cTbegy muo cTdrhxubd zgknTb†uuhya: n/

tubszgr hHshagr dgahfyg ` pui tuhpvTkyiw pui tuhpvTkyiw pui ` dgahfyg hHshagr tubszgr z˙bgi v˙h†rw TPrhk 72xyi sgo hHuu†-cTbegyw 47xyi c˙o Prgzgruuhri tui z†rdguushe †Pvhyi sh gexP†bTyi tui gexP†bTyi sh †Pvhyi z†rdguushe tui Prgzgruuhri v†y zgknTb†uuhya n†yk s†kTr/ nhkh†i 5/1 dguu†ri dgaTpi s†eungbyi pui tubszgr bgfyi/ tubszgr pui s†eungbyi hHsha/ tuh; guko sgo cTdrhxy †cgrw Ituhc bhay b†l vgfgr"/// b†l uuhfyhegr uuh uuhfyhegr b†l vgfgr"/// b†l bhay Ituhc †cgrw sh dguu†ri dgdgci nhr thz x Prhuuhkgdhg v˙by †uuby mu z†di mu †uuby v˙by Prhuuhkgdhg YIVO Institute s†x thz sh bTmh†bTkg nhxhgw uu†x sgr hHuu† yuy hHuu† sgr uu†x nhxhgw bTmh†bTkg sh thz s†x g for v˙by ≈ thi z˙bg cTnHubdgi t˙bmupkTbmi hHshaw t˙bmupkTbmi cTnHubdgi z˙bg thi ≈ v˙by rgs thl hHsha/ thi uugrygr P†r T mu t˙lw jauçg pTrzTnkygw thi pTrzTnkygw jauçg t˙lw mu Jewish tubszgr nTng-kauiw muuhai sh hubdg TngrheTbgr suru,/ TngrheTbgr hubdg sh muuhai nTng-kauiw tubszgr Research k†nhr t˙l dgci thhi c˙aPhk pui T xlw tui xlw T pui c˙aPhk thhi dgci t˙l k†nhr sgo pui e†nhygy sgo pui b†ngi khhgbgi pTr t˙l Ti gxhh pui T hubdgr hHshagr pruh ≈ pruh hHshagr hubdgr T pui gxhh Ti t˙l pTr khhgbgi hHuu†/ c˙o cubs-Trfhuu hHshagr thr b†ngi thz shbv dTkgrx ≈ dgarhci yTeg thi yTeg dgarhci ≈ dTkgrx shbv thz b†ngi thr dgp˙gry thz h†r kgmyi sgo uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshaw dgahey muo hHuu† nhy Ti TPkheTmhg †bdgbungi TPkheTmhg Ti nhy hHuu† muo dgahey hHshaw huchkguo 001-h†rhegr sgr dguu†ri ≈ thbxyhyuy pui sgo hHshai Trcgygr-cubs ≈ T dTbmgr T ≈ Trcgygr-cubs hHshai sgo pui ]vnal tuh; z' c[ z' tuh; ]vnal hHuu†-hHsha- sgo thi uugri mu hHuu† h†rvubsgry pui vgr†Hai eTn; pTr sgr x†mhTkgr sgr pTr eTn; vgr†Hai pui h†rvubsgry tui bTmh†bTkgr cTpr˙ubd pui sgo hHshai Trcgygr- hHshai sgo pui cTpr˙ubd bTmh†bTkgr tui s"r eTrk r˙bx cTayhny dguu†ri cTayhny r˙bx eTrk s"r pui tui ckuy pui khhsiw pui h†rvubsgry T p†ke` pTr gezgeuyhuu-shrgey†r pTr p†ke/ hHshai dgPrUuuyi auugr tubszgr pui yrgriw h hHuu†-pTruuTkyubd v†y hHuu†-pTruuTkyubd h vhxy†rhagr tubszgr tui ≈ s†! nhr zgbgi s†l tui cTayhny s"r eTrk r˙bx pTri r˙bx eTrk s"r cTayhny s T thz uu†x cubs-Trfhuuw sgo thi pTrthhchey thz dTbd b˙go gezgeuyhuu-shrgey†r pubgo gezgeuyhuu-shrgey†r b˙go thmy chz v†y uu†x hHuu† sgr hHuu†/ sgo pui yhhk hHuu†/ z˙i eTsgb. uugy zhl †bvhhci zhl uugy eTsgb. z˙i hHuu†/ thi eTPhyk vhxy†rha uuUbsgrkgl T Tr˙bdgarhci sgo 03xyi tuhduxy 9991/ s"r r˙bxw s"r 9991/ tuhduxy 03xyi sgo † nunjv thi n†sgrbgr thi nunjv † thhr†PgHagr dgahfygw thz chz thz dgahfygw thhr†PgHagr p†raTrcgy pTr uuhsgr zhl gpby hHuu† sgr Tvgr dguugi sgr xPgmhgkgr dgvhk; xPgmhgkgr sgr dguugi Tvgr †pi n†k T uuhsgr thz hHuu† ≈ thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr sgr pTr e†nubTkg cTmHubdgi muo Prgzhsgby pubgo Prgzhsgby muo cTmHubdgi e†nubTkg pTr cTaygkubd T b†l cTaygkubdgi/ kuhy ckuhz p†raTrcgy pTr Tsgkp˙-tubhuugrxhygy/ pTr Imgbygr c˙o hHuu† muo Tr˙bdTbd sgr 0806Ω642Ω212/ ygkgp†bhry hHshagr dgahfyg" dgphby zhl tuh; 22 uugxy 71yg dTxw muuhai 5ygr muuhai dTxw 71yg uugxy 22 tuh; zhl dgphby dgahfyg" hHshagr thbvTky c[ z' tuh; ]vnal guugbhu/ 6ygr tui hgrkgfgr cgbgphy / / / / / / / / / c / / / / / / / / / cgbgphy hgrkgfgr Tçhçv Txyrhbxeh` Tçhçv YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Non-Profit Org. hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu† ≈ thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr U.S. Postage nav-zfrhv cgegr / / / / / / / d / / / / / / / cgegr nav-zfrhv PAID TcrTn†uuhya-cul / / / / / / / / / s / / / / / / / / / TcrTn†uuhya-cul 15 West 16th Street, Albany, NY New York, NY 10011 Permit No. 164 thbygrbTmh†bTkgr xgnhbTr` thbygrbTmh†bTkgr shxek cubshag khsgr / / / / / v v / / / / / khsgr cubshag shxek hHuu†-ayhmgrx thi khygw thi hHuu†-ayhmgrx n†xeuugw hårtk / / / / / / / / / u-z / / / / / / / / / hårtk n†xeuugw hHshag n†ngbyi thi thi n†ngbyi hHshag nhyk-thhr†Pg / / / / / / / / / / j / / / / / / / / / / nhyk-thhr†Pg eTnhbxeh-tuhxaygkubd` eTkgsza-hHsha / / / / / / / / y / / / / / / / / eTkgsza-hHsha bger†k†di tui h†rm˙yi / / / / / h / / / / / h†rm˙yi tui bger†k†di