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Proceedings of the United States National Museum — PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued iMrfrvA- ^Ej^ ^^ '^* SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 88 Washington: 1940 No. 3078 TKEMATODES FKOM FISHES MAINLY FROM THE WOODS HOLE REGION, MASSACHUSETTS By Edwin Linton ^ INTRODUCTION It has been my privilege, during a long series of years, to spend the summer months at the laboratory of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, at Woods Hole, Mass. During that time considerable attention was given to a study of the distribution of the helminth parasites of fishes. Through the cooperation of the late Vinal N. Edwards, collections and observations were made so as to cover all the months of the year. All collections in the months of October to May, inclusive, and the greater number of those in June and Sep- tember, were made by Mr. Edwards. The majority of the collections in July and August, and a few of those in June and September, were made by the author. Reports on a few trematodes from fishes not of the Woods Hole region are herein included. When not stated otherwise it is to be understood that digenetic forms came from the intestine and mono- genetic forms from the gills. In many cases in which the same species of trematode is accredited to more than one species of fish, measure- ments are given of examples from different hosts, and record made of differences noted. 1 Dr. Linton died on June 3, 1939, a few days before this paper was sent to the printer. Ed. 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.88 Much difficulty is experienced when one attempts to identify alco- holic or formalin specimens of these soft-bodied forms, which not only assume diverse contraction shapes but may vary considerably in the size and relative proportions and positions of parts with the age of the individuals. No special search was made for monogenetic forms. Such as were found had usually been washed off the gills while preparing the viscera for examination. In the summers of 1912 to 1927 such helminths from the gills and skin of fishes as were met with were turned over to Dr. G. A. MacCallum, who was giving espe- cial consideration to the monogenetic trematodes. The author is under obligations to Drs. H. W. Manter and H. W. Stunkard for information that has prevented some duplication of names as a result of work carried on by them on forms noted in this report. The invaluable index catalog of Stiles and Hassall ^ renders it un- necessary, in most cases, to cite literature prior to 1908. For the convenience of future investigators, however, frequent references have been given to earlier papers of the author, on trematodes from the Woods Hole region. The names of fishes used in this report are those given in the check list of Jordan, Evermann, and Clark.^ Order MONOGENEA van Beneden, 1858 Suborder MONOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912 Family GYRODACTYLIDAE van Beneden and Hesse, 1863 Subfamily Gyrodactylinae Monticelli, 1892 Genus GYRODACTYLUS Nordmann, 1832 GYRODACTYLUS species Plate 14, Figure 158 On August 6, 1911, Dr. R. A. Spaeth called my attention to certain small monogenetic trematodes (U.S.N.M. No. 8142) on the scales of the common killifish {Fundulus heteroclltus) . Later, on August 18, Dr. C. W. Hahn, who was examining killifishes for sporidia, reported these worms abundant on fishes he had been examining. Measurements, life: Length, 0.5 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.05 mm.; maximum, a little back of middle, 0.12 mm.; length of large hooks, ^ Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Subjects : Trematodes and trema- tode diseases. U. S. Hyg. Lab. Bull. 37, 401 pp., 1908. s Check list of the fishes and flshlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia. Rep. TJ. S. Comm. Fish. 1928, pt. 2, 670 pp., 1930. — . TREMATODES FROM FISHES LINTON 6 0.07 mm. The anterior end is bilobed, each lobe bearing a small con- tractile papilla. The posterior sucker bears two larger hooks sym- metrically placed, one on each side of the median line, and about 18 small hooks and 2 spines on the margins. These worms perform active looping movements, attaching them- selves by the anterior end; then, releasing the posterior sucker, they rapidly loop themselves forward. Subfamily Tetraonchinae Monticelli, 1903 Genus ANCYROCEPHALUS Creplin, 1838 ANCYROCEPHALUS PARVUS, new species Plate 14, Figtjees 159, 160 Body elliptical, narrowed abruptly at anterior end, which bears four blunt projections, and two pairs of eye spots; pharynx longer posterior disk with 18 hooks, 4 median pairs, 5 hooks on than broad ; each lateral margin, and 2 transverse bars. The two median hooks are somewhat larger than the others. The cirrus pouch is pyriform, the cirrus long and filiform; seminal vesicle long-pyriform, beside cirrus pouch, ventral and posterior to the pharynx. Ovary median, longer than broad ; seminal receptacle on left side at anterior border of vitellaria ; follicles of vitellaria dense, filling all but a small portion of the anterior end of the body from the margins to the ovary and testis on the median line, and extending to the posterior end. One testis, longer than broad, on median line behind the ovary. Measure- ments in balsam : Length, 0.73 mm. ; breadth, anterior end 0.1 nam., middle 0.5 mm. pharynx, length 0.07 mm., breadth, 0.05 mm. ; length ; of longest hooks 0.024 mm. Average of 5: Length, 0.82 mm.; breadth, 0.38 mm. Longest, length 1.08 mm., breadth 0.34 mm. ; shortest, length 0.67, breadth 0.39 mm. Measurements, life (U.S.N.M. No. 8143) : Length, 0.84 mm.; breadth, anterior (head) 0.1 mm., middle, maximum, 0.42 mm., posterior (caudal disk) 0.14 mm. The middle of the body was traversed by strong, longitudinal muscle fibers, and by less strong longitudinal fibers along the lateral margins. The head carried four club-shaped projections, which, in a specimen fixed over the flame, broke up into longitudinal striae. Type specimens.—^U.S.N.M. No. 8143 (holotype and paratypes) Host.—Garfish {Strongylura marina). Record of collection.—Ten, collected on August 30, 1911, from gills of host. ; 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM vol.88 Genus AMPHIBDELLA Chatin, 1874 AMPHIBDELLA FLAVOLINEATA MacCallum AmpMMella flavoUneata MacCallum, Zoopathologica, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 29, 1916. On August 3, 1910, 16 trematodes were collected from the gills of a torpedo (Tetranarce occidentalis) that had been taken in a fish trap at Menemsha Bight. Color, white. Measurements, life: Length, 3.78 mm.; breadth, maximum, about middle, 0.64 mm., in front of caudal disk 0.29 mm. breadth of caudal disk, 0.42 mm. On July IT, 1911, we found U.S.N.M. No. 8144, and again, on July 7, 1914, several were collected from the gills of torpedoes. As Dr. MacCallum had taken up the study of the monogenetic trematodes at Woods Hole in the summer of 1912, I made no further collections from the gills of the torpedo, but on August 3, 1920, I noted that they were numerous on the gills of one that was examined on that date for parasites. The specimens collected correspond to A. fiavolineata MacCallum. Family MONOCOTYLIDAE Taschenberg, 1879 Subfamily Dionchinae Johnston and Tiegs, 1922 Genus DIONCHUS Goto, 1899 DIONCHUS AGASSIZI Goto Plate 14, Figubes 162, 163 Dionchus agassizi Goto, Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 12, pp. 286-291, figs. 19-21, 1899. I have record of the finding of this trematode on the gills of remora on three occasions. The anterior end is broadly sagittate, with mouth at base of triangular head. In the living worm toothlike processes are very indistinct. The body is of nearly uniform breadth until near the posterior end, where it tapers to the posterior sucker. The posterior sucking disk in this species is characterized by being divided into 10 areas by as many radial ridges, which do not quite reach the center of the disk. On account of the contracted condition of the disk, and its position, showing only in lateral view in all but one of the mounted specimens, its structure cannot be made out satisfactorily. In the one specimen in which a ventral view of the disk is shown, no radial ridges can be distinguished. The distal ends of the two hooks on the disk of each of the mounted specimens are broken off. They are described by Goto as being clawlike. He TREMATODES FROM FISHES—LINTON 5 also states that they usually are broken off in the process of removing them from their host. Measurements in balsam: Length, 2.31 mm.; maximum breadth, at level of mouth, 0.48 mm.; breadth at middle, 0.45 mm.; in front of posterior sucker 0.14 mm.; distance of mouth from anterior end 0.35 mm. Host.—Remora {Remora remora). Record of collections.—Three, collected on July 28, 1910, from gills of host. Small, white; two short, stout hooks on posterior sucking disk; four eye spots dorsal to mouth. Dimensions, life: Length, 1.72 mm.; breadth, at mouth 0.7 mm., middle 0.56 mm.; posterior disk, length 0.42 mm., breadth 0.35 mm. One, collected July 21, 1911, from gills of host. One (U.S.N.M. No. 8147), collected August 3, 1911, from gills of host. Family UDONELLIDAE Taschenberg, 1879 Genus LINTONIA MonUcelli, 1904 LINTONIA PAPILLOSA (Linton) Nitzschia papulosa Linton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pp. 508, 509, pi. 40, figs. 1-7, 1898. Lintonia papulosa (Linton), Monticeixi, Arch. Zool. Napoli, vol. 2, pp. 117- 124, pi. 7, figs. 1-7, 1904. Seventeen examples of this species (U.S.N.M.
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