Home on the Range an Educator’S Guide

Home , Charles Marion Russell, Charles Schreyvogel, Cocinero, Frederic Remington, Home on the Range, Sid Richardson Museum

C. Russell, Cowpunching Sometimes Spells Trouble (detail) 1889 Home on the Range An Educator’s Guide

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Page numbers for each section are listed below. Online version – click on the content title below to link directly to the first page of each section. For an overview of the artworks included in this booklet, see Select a Lesson – Image List, page 30.

Contents

Introduction to Home on the Range 4 Sid W. Richardson 6 The Museum 10 Fredric S. Remington 12 Charles M. Russell 14 Timeline (Artists, Texas, U.S. History) 16 Select a Lesson – Image List 30 Lesson Plans 32 Student Activities 52 Teacher Resources 62

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Home09_10_2010.indd 2 9/10/2010 1:53:18 PM Sid W. Richardson The Museum The Artists Lesson Plans Student Activities Teacher Resources 9/10/2010 1:53:18 PM 3 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson dialogue containing questions to direct classroom dialogue containing students in their exploration discussion and engage about of the artworks, background information and the artists and the works of art, vocabulary, suggestions for extension activities Activities – activities that can be used to Student these (or complement classroom discussion about other) artworks of Bibliography – sources used in the development reading on the this Guide and suggestions for further artists or topics – related historical background, Resources Teacher strategies for making personal and meaningful connections with works of art, and recommended web resources • • • This Educator’s to help you and your Guide is designed Sid Richardson students explore the artworks in the education resources Museum. For further information about education department at the Museum, contact the Museum’s at [email protected] or 817.332.6554.

Sid W. Richardson – a biography, including a timeline Richardson – a biography, Sid W. collector Sid of the life of oilman, philanthropist and Richardson W. The Museum – operating hours, location, and contact information of artists Frederic Artists – biographies The Remington and Charles Russell, with a timeline of Texas events in the artists lives, as well as events in and American history Lesson Plans – color images, each with a suggested

• • • • The Guide includes: The background materials (timelines, biographies, The background materials (timelines, for educators bibliography and resources) are appropriate for elementary The Lesson Plans are designed of all levels. goals for Fine teachers and satisfy several state-mandated Arts and Social Studies, but can be adapted Arts, Language in the form of Written for other grade levels and disciplines. to aid students in a dialogue, the Lesson Plans are designed their exploration of the works of art. This Educator’s and Guide is a resource for viewing of art from the Sid Richardson Museum interpreting works included in the The images in the classroom environment. as a point of departure Guide have been selected to serve cowboy way of life. for an exploration of the theme of the About the Educator’s Guide Guide the Educator’s About Home09_10_2010.indd 3 Home on the Range

Introduction The lyrics of the song “Home on the Range,” and the images included in this guide take us to a mythical time and place in American history:

O give me a home where the buffalo roam, Where the deer and the antelope play, Where seldom is heard a discouraging word, And the skies are not cloudy all day.

To Frederic Remington, Charles Russell, and many other Americans, the cowboy symbolized all that was good about the American way of life.

Frederic Remington had great admiration for cowboys, Remington, The Sentinel 1889 maintaining that cowboys “possess a quality of sturdy, sterling manhood which would be to the credit of men in any While the cowboy is generally viewed as an American walk of life. I wish that the man-hood of the cowboy might original, his roots were firmly planted south of the Rio come more into fashion further East.” Grande in Mexico. More than four hundred years ago, Spanish settlers brought the first domesticated horses and Russell, like Remington, admired cowboys. It was his dream cattle to South America. The animals flourished in the wide- to go west, and when he arrived in Montana in 1880 at age open spaces, and Spanish ranches soon spread across sixteen, his first job was that of a sheepherder. In 1882, he northern Mexico. Ranchers taught the indigenous people secured a position as a wrangler, a job he held for eleven how to ride horses and handle cattle on the open range. years. Russell depicted many of those early experiences These Indian cow herders were called vaqueros, from the as a young cowhand, and became known as the “Cowboy Spanish word vaca, for cow. Vaqueros drove the first herds Artist.” It was said that he recognized the ties that bound of cattle north into Texas in the early eighteenth century. the men of the West, as evidenced in these words, “In the city men shake hands and call each other friends but its the By the Civil War, millions of long-horned cattle roamed the lonsome places that ties their harts [sic] together and harts Texas plains. After the Civil War, demand for beef grew [sic] do not forget.” and it was the cowboy’s job to drive the cattle north to rail stations hundreds of miles away.

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Home09_10_2010.indd 4 9/10/2010 1:53:19 PM Several nineteenth century events had a profound impact on the cowboy. In 1867, the Kansas Pacific Railroad reached Abilene, Kansas, and it became the primary shipping point for Texas cattle on their way to eastern and northern markets. By the year 1869, the transcontinental line joined the east to the west. Without railroads, the cattle boom might never have taken place, but the railroad also proved to be the undoing of the cowboy. As the rail network expanded, the length of the cattle trail shrank, and herds only had to be taken a few miles to the nearest slaughterhouse, where they were killed and loaded onto rail cars bound for the north and east.

In 1875, barbed wire was introduced to the western plains, bringing an end to the open range. Then, in 1886 – 87, two major blizzards devastated the plains, dealing one of the Russell, The Bucker 1904 worst blows to the cattle business. Hungry cattle, unable wrote to his wife, Eva, “Shall never come west again. It is all to reach the grasses beneath the snow, began to devour brick buildings - derby hats and blue overhauls - it spoils my everything within reach. Many cattlemen lost as much as early illusions - and they are my capital.” ninety percent of their stock. Yet the myth of the cowboy is still being celebrated. The The film and television industry usually portrayed the romantic vision of an open range, clear blue skies, tranquil cowboy as a white man. In reality, cowboys (and cowgirls) nights, and the self-reliant cowboy summons us today, just represented a diverse heritage: Mexican, Anglo, African as it appealed to Charles Russell and Frederic Remington. American, and Native American. If we are to believe the images depicted in film, cowboys spent much of their time The images in Home on the Range invite discussion chasing bandits, battling Indians, and swinging open tavern about several aspects of the cowboy life as portrayed in doors. A cowboy actually had a dirty, sweaty job which Remington’s and Russell’s Old West: the rollicking action of consisted of sitting in a saddle from ten to fourteen hours a a bronc in Russell’s The Bucker, the day-to-day challenges day, herding cows, rounding up strays, branding calves, and in Russell’s Cowpunching Sometimes Spells Trouble, the driving the herds to market. fine craftsmanship of saddle, vest and chaps apparent in Edward H. Bohlin’s parade gear, and the vaquero heritage By the late nineteenth century, Remington lamented that the evident in Remington’s The Sentinel. cowboy way was coming to a close. In the year 1900, he

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Untitled photo of Sid Richardson on a horse education in the schools that his hometown offered. He Courtesy, Fort Worth Star-Telegram Photography Collection, Special attended both Hardin Simmons and Baylor University from Collections, The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries, Arlington, Texas 1910 - 1912, but found it necessary to leave school and enter the business world when he could no longer afford the tuition.

Richardson’s first job was that of an oil scout, then later an oil well supply salesman and lease purchaser. Subsequently, he formed a partnership in the oil business with his friend, Clint Murchison, amassing a fortune in 1919 - 1920. In the 1920s, Richardson’s fortunes rose and fell with sharp oil market fluctuations. Then, in the early 30s, with a small investment and support from friends, he struck it big in the Keystone Field in West Texas, turning his oil business into a booming success.

With his fortune established, Mr. Sid, as his friends knew him, was able to indulge his interest in cattle and horses, acquiring large ranching operations both in Texas and Oklahoma. A lover of fine animals, Richardson raised registered Quarter Horses and Santa Gertrudis cattle on his ranches. His favorite riding horse was Dude, a big paint that came to him at the call of his name.

A man of mystery, who rarely spoke to reporters and shunned publicity, Richardson once explained his philosophy by saying, “You ain’t learning nothing when you’re talking.” The Sid Richardson Museum is a permanent exhibit Though he did not publicize his generosity, he made large of extraordinary paintings by the premier artists of the contributions to churches, civic groups and libraries in Texas. American West, Frederic Remington and Charles M. Russell, and their contemporaries. The works, reflecting In 1942, Sid Richardson turned his attention to collecting the both the art and reality of the American West, are the works of the artists whom he felt best portrayed the West he legacy of the late oilman and philanthropist, Sid Williams knew and loved. That year, he asked Bertram Newhouse, Richardson. president of the Newhouse Galleries in New York City, to find western pictures for his collection. Between 1942 and Richardson was born to modest means in Athens, Texas 1950, Mr. Newhouse helped him acquire the majority of the in 1891. The son of a peach farmer, he received his early paintings now seen at the Sid Richardson Museum.

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In 1947, Sid Richardson established a foundation for the The paintings Mr. Richardson loved so well are now displayed purpose of supporting organizations that served the people in the Sid Richardson Museum, which opened in November of Texas. Throughout the years, the board of directors and of 1982. In 2006, after a yearlong renovation, the Museum staff have sought to fulfill his vision by providing grants reopened with an elegant new facade, enlarged museum primarily in the areas of education, health, human services store, and expanded exhibition spaces. The Museum and and the arts and humanities. Foundation are located in downtown Fort Worth in historic Sundance Square. Foundation trustees chose the site both for The late Texas Governor John Connally, Richardson’s its convenience to downtown visitors and workers, and for the attorney during the 1950s and a close friend, remembered historic atmosphere of the area. As the museum has become Richardson as “a man of great courage, yet soft spoken, more widely known, attendance has grown to over 50,000 kind, sentimental and loyal to everyone who befriended him.” annually, with visitors coming from all 50 states and around the He recognized Sid Richardson as a man who loved to create world. and build who would accept challenges and pursue them: Following Sid Richardson’s philosophy of helping others, this He was in no sense extravagant or flamboyant, but free museum offers educational tours for adults and children, rather a plain spoken man who got along with people as well as outreach programs to local schools and community of all walks of life. He was very much at home with groups. cowboys in a country cafe, but also comfortable in fine New York restaurants.

Mr. Richardson, a life-long bachelor, was known for his ability to condense complicated situations into simple “horse sense” that endeared him to presidents and business executives. When asked to describe his own business philosophy, he said, “I guess my philosophy of business life is: Don’t be in too big of a hurry, don’t get excited and don’t lose your sense of humor.”

His reputation as a tireless dealmaker stayed with him to the end of his life. After a full day’s work, he died quietly in his sleep on September 30, 1959, at his home on San Jose Island off the coast of Rockport, Texas. He was buried in the family plot near Athens, Texas. Richardson continues to have an impact on his native state through the diverse philanthropic programs of the Sid W. Richardson Foundation. Untitled photograph of Sid Richardson (seated), Amon Carter (left) and Dwight Eisenhower (right) Courtesy, Fort Worth Star-Telegram Photography Collection, Special Collections, The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries, Arlington, Texas

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Untitled portrait of Sid Richardson Sid Richardson posing for Peter Hurd’s Mural of the Oil Industry at Texas Courtesy, Fort Worth Star-Telegram Photography Collection, Tech University in Lubbock, TX Special Collections, The University of Texas at Arlington Courtesy, Fort Worth Star-Telegram Photography Collection, Special Libraries, Arlington, Texas Collections, The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries, Arlington, Texas

1918 - Travels to West Central TX 1906 - Suffers wagon to work for Texas accident, fractures Company as a scout. leg. 1919 - Strikes oil 1907 - Fired from 1910 - Attends with Clint Murchison Athens, TX cotton Baylor University near bank of Red compress company. in Waco, TX. River between TX and OK. Becomes 1891 - Richardson 1899 - Has first busi- 1908 - Makes suc- 1911 - Attends independent oil 1921 - Depressed oil is born on April 25 in ness deal with his cessful cattle trade in Simmons College driller. Accumluates prices ruin Richard- Athens, Texas. father. Ruston, Louisiana. in Abilene, TX. $100,000. son and Murchison. | 1890 | 1895 | 1900 | 1905 | 1910 | 1915 | 1920 |

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Home09_10_2010.indd 8 9/10/2010 1:53:19 PM Sid W. Richardson 1940 - Begins breeding program 1947 - Creates the to develop hardy Sid W. Richardson strain of cattle which Foundation. 1952 - Travels to would thrive on San Paris, France to Jose Island. Buys refinery in persuade General Texas City, TX. Eisenhower to run Buys and breeds for presidency. Brahman and Meets Eisenhower Shorthorn cattle, for second time 1953 - Richardson 1935 - Joins in builds up herd of when Eisenhower becomes one of the partnership with half-blood animals visits Fort Worth founding members nephew Perry Bass, that later serve as for dedication of of Fort Worth buys lease from foundation for San- Will Roger’s statue, Petroleum Club. Pure Oil Company. ta Gertrudis grading meeting seals their Drills in Keystone up program. friendship. 1954 - Richardson 1955 - Elected field, Winkler and Murchison buy president of Fort County, TX; major Has 33 producing Acquires first Santa New York Central Worth Club. oil strike. wells in Keystone Gertrudis bulls Railroad. 1930 - The big East field, 7 in Slaugh- from King Ranch in 1957 - Cited as one ter, 38 in South Texas oil fields are 1936 - Buys San Kingsville, TX and Look Magazine of the 10 wealthiest tapped and oil prices Jose Island off TX Ward, and 47 in moves them to San men in America Scarborough, all features Richard- plunge again. coast. Jose Island. in Ladies Home Texas fields. son in article, “The Case of the Billion- Journal article. 1931 - Richardson 1937 - Hosts 1948 - Buys aire Bachelor.” 1941 - Becomes drills in Winkler President Franklin carbon black plant Fortune Magazine petroleum advisor County in the B.S. D. Roosevelt on outside of Odessa, lists Richardson as to President Roos- With Murchison, Edwards lease. San Jose Island. TX. Forms Sid one of the nation’s evelt. buys Del Mar race Brings in Slaughter Richardson Carbon track in California. wealthiest. 1932 - Starts again field, TX. and Gasoline Co. with $40 from 1942 - Begins 1959 - Pledges buying paintings, Peter Hurd mural sister, wildcats 1938 - Fort Worth $100,000 to build- including The Cour- Moves 6 cows and at Texas Techno- in West Texas. Club two-room ing of First Baptist rier du Bois and 5 Longhorn calves logical College, Richardson’s first suite becomes Church of Athens, the Savage, In A to Fort Griffin State depicted history field is purchased in Richardson’s Fort in memory of his Stiff Current, The Park, TX . of Lubbock and Ward and Winkler mother. 1929 - Rebounding, Worth home. Forty-niners, Attack South Plains, TX counties. Richardson has on the Herd, Deer in 1949 - The Eisen- is dedicated; mural producing wells in 1939 - Drills Forest, Nai-U-Chi: howers vacation on features likeness of Richardson dies on Texas counties of 1934 - Buys home successfully in Chief of the Bow, Richardson’s San Sid, represent- September 30, San Ward and Winkler. in Monahans, TX. Louisiana. Zuni 1895. Jose Island Ranch. ing oil industry. Jose Island, TX.

| 1890 | 1895 | 1900 | 1905 | 1910 | 1915 | 1920 | |1925 | 1930 |1935 | 1940 |1945 |1950 |1955 | 1960

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About the Sid Richardson Museum The Sid Richardson Museum displays paintings by Frederic The Sid Richardson Museum is just minutes away from Remington, Charles M. Russell, and other late nineteenth major interstate highways and within easy walking distance century artists who shaped the public’s perception of the from downtown hotels. American West. The works, reflecting both the art and reality of the West, were acquired by oilman and philanthropist Sid The Museum Store offers bronze reproductions, prints on W. Richardson from 1942 until his death in 1959. canvas, prints, books, and postcards. A variety of gift items are also available including CDs, tapes, jewelry, puzzles, and Originally opened in 1982, and renovated in 2006, the handmade lariat baskets. Write, call or email for a free color Museum is housed in historic Sundance Square, an area of catalog. restored late nineteenth century buildings in downtown Fort Worth. Admission to the Museum is free.

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Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson PHONE: 817.332.6554 WEBSITE: www.sidrichardsonmuseum.org WEBSITE: www.sidrichardsonmuseum.org FREE: 888.332.6554 TOLL EMAIL: [email protected] DEPARTMENT EDUCATION EMAIL: [email protected] 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. 12 p.m. to 5 p.m.

Friday - Saturday Sunday Closed major holidays Monday - Thursday Monday - HOURS: Home09_10_2010.indd 11 Frederic S. Remington

Untitled photo of Remington at his easel at Fort Robinson Photo courtesy Frederic Remington Art Museum, Ogdensburg, NY.

During a career that spanned less than twenty-five years, As a member of a prominent family, Remington was expected Frederic Remington produced a huge body of work - to graduate from college, prepared for a career in business, illustration, painting, sculpture, fiction and non-fiction - the but spent only a year and a half at Yale University playing vast majority of it centered on the West. His influence in football and studying art. After his father’s death, he traveled shaping the West of the popular imagination cannot be to Montana in 1881, and experienced his first impression of overstated. the West.

Remington was born in Canton, in northern New York on In 1883, he moved to Kansas where he made an October 4, 1861. His boyhood fostered a lifelong love of unsuccessful attempt at sheep ranching. The year he spent horses and the outdoors. His father’s tales of action as a there was the only time he actually made the West his home, cavalry officer in the Civil War inspired a passion for things although he made many trips out West and occasionally military that found a western focus with the Battle of the Little accompanied the U.S. Cavalry on patrol along the Southwest Bighorn in 1876. At fourteen, he was smitten with the urge to frontier. go see the West.

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Home09_10_2010.indd 12 9/10/2010 1:53:20 PM The Artists 9/10/2010 1:53:21 PM 13 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson Untitled photo of Remington in his New Rochelle,NY studio, 1905 Photo courtesy Remington Frederic Art Museum, Ogdensburg, NY. By 1900, Remington returned to painting and he began By 1900, Remington returned to painting technique evolved to experiment with Impressionism. His life as he rejected the dramatically the last five years of his on mood, color crisp linear illustrator style to concentrate His later oils and light - sunlight, moonlight, and firelight. was dead; are consistent with his conclusion that his West now he painted impressionistic scenes in which the West, was invested with a poetry and entirely confined to memory, mystery the present could not touch. He died at age 48, a victim of appendicitis. Remington had been exhibiting in major art shows since Remington had been exhibiting in major not just an illustrator, 1888, and was seeking recognition as of the term. He but also an artist in the recognized sense in 1895 when he made the breakthrough he was seeking at and which earned turned to sculpting, which he excelled He completed for. him the critical respect that he strived became the defining twenty-two sculptures, many which art tradition. masterpieces of the Western Remington’s paintings were tributes to the Wild West of tributes to the Wild West paintings were Remington’s experiences for a sense of artist’s They drew on the fantasy. subject details, but on his imagination for place and authentic fuse observation and imagination, Able to seamlessly matter. witnessed what he his contemporaries assumed he had portrayed. Home09_10_2010.indd 13 Charles M. Russell

Like Frederic Remington, Charles M. Russell was born to moderate wealth. A native of St. Louis, Missouri, Russell first came to Montana as a boy of 16 with a dream of becoming a real cowboy. He was so captivated with the West, he chose to stay and fulfill his childhood fantasy.

During those first years, Russell received encouragement from Jake Hoover, a mountain man who befriended him and took him under his wing. Hoover often shared his cabin with the young Charlie, sometimes providing food and shelter for months at a time. This friendship allowed Russell to experience the ways of the frontier life he would later portray so vividly in his paintings.

In 1882, Charlie landed a job as a wrangler on a cattle drive.

He wrangled for eleven years; while he was not known for being a good roper or rider, Russell established a local reputation as the affable cowboy who loved to draw and knew how to tell a great story. As a self-taught artist, his sketches were crude but reflected an observant eye, a feel for animal and human anatomy, a sense of humor and a flair for portraying action - all hallmarks of Russell’s mature art.

Throughout his years on the range, he witnessed the changing of the West. He saw the bitter winter of 1886 - 87 end the cattleman’s dominion on the northern plains. The Photo attributed to North D. Stark, Untitled photograph of Charles Russell days of free grass and unfenced range were ending and, for © Sid Richardson Museum Russell, the cowboy life was over by 1893.

Prior to his marriage to Nancy Cooper, in 1896, only a few works had been reproduced nationally. Russell was unsure of his ability to earn a living with his art, but Nancy recognized his talent and promise, and provided the

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Home09_10_2010.indd 14 9/10/2010 1:53:21 PM The Artists 9/10/2010 1:53:21 PM 15 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson His emergence in the art world came in 1911 with a one-man with a the art world came in 1911 His emergence in three years later by a followed gallery, York show at a New London exhibition. the most evident the passing of the West, Charlie felt deeply was haunted by youthful fantasies, theme of his art. He once was and by the evidence of change memories of what His work reality. that surrounded him as an everyday but also the soul reflected the public demand for authenticity, of a romantic. Photo attributed North to Stark, D. Charles Marion Russell in his studio with painting 1914 “When The Land Belonged to God” Richardson© Sid Museum Success did not come easily for the Russells. Montana easily for the Russells. Montana Success did not come art sales, which eventually led few opportunities for offered was established with other where contact York, them to New At the time Remington themes. Western artists interested in concentrate on painting, was withdrawing from illustration to and gained Russell secured illustrating assignments coverage. exposure through exhibitions and press business sense and drive that eventually made him one of drive that eventually made him one business sense and most popular artists. America’s Home09_10_2010.indd 15 Artist Timeline

On October 4, Frederic Sackrider Remington is born in Canton, New York to Seth Pierre and Clara Sackrider Remington. F.S. REMINGTON F.S.

Texas secedes from President Lincoln Painter Albert George Pullman be- Civil War Ends. the Union and joins the signs Homestead Act, Bierstadt goes to gins building the first Confederacy in the Civil giving settlers 160-acre Yosemite Valley. railroad car designed Lincoln is assas- War. parcels of land for free for sleeping. sinated by John once they have settled Lincoln issues Wilkes Booth. First transcontinental 5 years. Emancipation telegraph line is Proclamation, freeing Thirteenth Amend- completed, putting the Lincoln signs slaves in seceding ment is ratified. Pony Express out of Pacific Railway Act, states. Slavery is abolished. business. providing financing for a transcontinental Texas slaves freed railroad. on June 19. 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865

On March 19, Charles Marion Russell is born in St. Louis, Missouri to Charles Silas and Mary Elizabeth Meade Russell. U.S. & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL U.S.

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1870 nearly 600. Wyoming Territory Territory Wyoming passes first law in U.S. giving women right to vote. Population of Fort reaches Worth Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson

1869 15th Amendment gives black males the right to vote. James Oliver patents which chilled-iron plow, breaks through tough prairie soil. Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads meet in Utah, the first transcontinental railroad. 1868

1867 Congress ratifies Alaska treaty to buy from Russia. Bill” William “Buffalo Cody is hired by Kan- sas-Pacific Railroad to that block kill buffalo train travel. Great cattle drives from Abilene, Kansas to Texas begin. 1866 Civil Rights Bill grants full citizenship to all citizens born on U.S. soil, including Native Americans. cable Transatlantic is laid, linking U.S. to Europe. Goodnight-Loving and open. Chisholm Trails Home09_10_2010.indd 17 Artist Timeline

Remington is enrolled at the Remington’s family moves to Vermont Episcopal Ogdensburg, NY, where Seth Institute. Pierre Remington is employed as Collector of the Port. F.S. REMINGTON F.S.

Congress creates James brothers com- Grasshoppers destroy Second Sioux War Yellowstone Park mit first train robbery. farms from Texas to erupts after Sioux in WY to help Canadian border. tribe refuses to sell conserve the nation’s Barbed wire is created. their land to the endangered natural Fort Worth receives government. resources. Fort Worth passes laws first telegraph against prostitution, message. The president of gambling, and wearing the Texas & Pacific of guns. Railroad arrives in Fort Worth to study Tarrant County’s last its potential as a rail Indian raid occurs. point. 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 C.M. RUSSELL U.S. & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL U.S.

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Wabash, Indiana Wabash, becomes the first town to be lit completely by electric light. Helen Keller is born. Census totals Fort population at Worth 6,663. 1880 Home on the Range . Albany Morning Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson Russell travels west to “Pike” Montana with Wallis Miller and works briefly on a sheep ranch. He travels with a paint box and a ball of wax in flannel cloth. Russell meets Jake a professional Hoover, hunter. Express Remington’s father dies. Remington’s college Remington leaves NY Albany, and moves to to be near his uncle. as a Remington works job, state clerk, quits his then works as a reporter for the 1879

Remington attends School of Fine Arts, Yale. Russell skips school to hang out around the waterfront. A.A. Pope manufactures first bicycle in U.S. first County’s Tarrant artificial gas for lighting is manufactured. Russell is sent to military school at Burlington College in Burlington, New Jersey. 1878 Edison invents the phonograph. phone First Fort Worth installed. 1877 Remington attends Highland Remington attends Academy in Worces- Military Massachusetts. ter, 1876 Railroad arrives in Ft. Fort Worth’s Worth. streets lit by gaslight. First phone call made. Duel between Buffalo Duel between Buffalo Bill and Yellowhand. General Custer and his men are killed by Sioux Chief Sitting Bull’s warriors at Battle of Little Bighorn. Home09_10_2010.indd 19 Artist Timeline

Remington comes Remington sells sheep ranch. Invests into family in hardware store and saloon in Kansas inheritance. City, Missouri. Marries Eva Caten in Gloversville, NY and returns to Kansas City. Eva returns to NY when silent Remington buys partnership in saloon is revealed. Remington travels to Montana sheep ranch in Territory. Peabody, Kansas. Loses share in Later in the year, saloon. Moves Submits Western sketch to he travels to New to Brooklyn, NY. HW. It is then published in Mexico territory, Rejoins Eva and Harper’s Weekly Feb. 25, Dodge City, and Fort 1882, but the work is redrawn decides on career

REMINGTON F.S. Reno, Kansas. by W.A. Rogers. as artist.

Shoot-out at the O.K. American Baseball The first Wild West Supreme Court Congress passes act Corral in Tombstone, Association is founded. Show by Buffalo Bill declares it a federal forbidding fencing of AZ. Cody is presented in offense to interfere public lands in the Edison designs first North Platte, Nebraska. with a person’s right West. Clara Barton orga- hydroelectric plant in to vote. Case was nizes the American Wisconsin. Fort Worth’s first fire brought by Southern Tarrant County’s first Red Cross. station opens on Main blacks prevented from electric lights glow. Tarrant County St. between 11th and voting by the Ku Klux First Tarrant County approves .5% tax 12th. A 3,000 pound Klan. long distance phone call and the first public alarm bell is placed in its is made, to Dallas. schools open. tower. Tarrant County residents receive first home delivery of mail. 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885

Russell lives with Jake Hoover, hunting and trapping, supply- Russell works in ing local ranches and several capacities, including mines. night wrangler, on Montana cattle ranches. U.S. & TEXAS & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL U.S.

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and

. The Self The . Cowboy , is published. Studies of Troops kill 200 Sioux at Troops Knee. Wounded Census states American frontier officially closed. Suffrage Nt’l Women’s Association formed. Spring Palace burns. population Fort Worth’s reaches 23,076. . 1890 Home on the Range

Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson

Portrait on a Horse Remington moves to New Remington moves to to Travels Rochelle, NY. and Montana, Wyoming, Paints Dakota Territory. Sport - Roping a Wolf first anthology of Russell paintings, Western Life Russell paints The Buffalo Runners Remington spends 6 weeks in Mexico to gather material for articles. Paints Sentinel

U.S. allows white settlers to claim land in Oklahoma belonging to Indians. Spring Fort Worth’s Palace built. Walls are made of wheat, corn, rice, and cotton. Electric street car line begins operation in Fort Worth. 1889 Trouble. times Spells ing Some- Russell paints Cowpunch- Remington is scout for two weeks with Powhatan Clarke and Buffalo Soldiers in AZ. TX, OK. Goes to

publishes

Harper’s the first illustration by Russell, who becomes known as the “Cowboy Artist.” Russell spends summer in Alberta, Canada, with Blood Indians, a branch of Blackfeet. Given Indian name “Ah- Wah-Cous.” Philip Pratt demon- strates first electric automobile. Football League founded. George Eastman perfects Kodak box camera. Remington visits Fort Stays at Ellis Worth. Hotel. Ranch Life 1888 .

. Spends . Biographical Helena Weekly St. Nicholas Theodore Roosevelt’s Theodore Roosevelt’s Visits Blackfeet Indian Reservation in Blackfeet Indian Visits Canada. Commissioned to illustrate Remington moves from pen and ink Remington moves from Illustrates drawings to wash drawings. white. primarily in black and Crow Indian Reservation. Visits and the Hunting Trail HW, Harper’s . nook sketch about Rus- sell is published in the winter of 1887-1888 among Blackfeet Indians. Russell paints Waiting for a Chi- Herald , and Blizzards kill thousands of open range cattle. Congress passes Dawes Act, dividing reservations into 160 acre plots. Land is opened to white settlers. gunfight erupts A outside the White Elephant Saloon. 1887 The Ambushed Picket

, to . Attends Student Arts League in Student Attends . The Riderless Horse Magazine and Young People, Outing NYC. Moves to new apartment and sets NYC. Moves to new apartment up studio. Paints Remington illustrates for Remington 1886 The Statue of Liberty, a The Statue of Liberty, gift from the French, is York dedicated in New Harbor. Apaches Geronimo’s surrender to U.S. State troops and Rangers are Texas called in to Fort Worth to help move trains during railroad strike. St. Louis Exposi- tion and Music Hall Association art show. Breaking Camp Russell sends his first important oil, Home09_10_2010.indd 21 Artist Timeline

Remington exhibits paintings Remington sketches Pullman strike at St. Louis Exposition. Travels and riots in Chicago. Travels to to Germany, Prussia, Russia, Algiers to sketch soldiers for HW. France and England gathering material for Harper’s.

Remington exhibits Remington travels to Mexico works at Chicago World’s with Eva and General Miles, Colombian Exposition. Illustrates for numerous to sketch the Mexican army. Remington’s first Exhibits watercolors at the St. publications. Travels to Mexico, New Mexico bronze sculpture, Louis Museum of Fine Arts. territory, Dakota territory, The Broncho California, West Virginia Buster, is cast. and Wyoming. F.S. REMINGTON F.S.

Immigration increas- President Harrison Professor Fredrick Flagstaff Observa- Babe Ruth and Jack es. 560,319 arrive opens 3 million J. Turner reads his tory is completed in Dempsey are born. from abroad. acres of Cheyenne famous essay, “The Arizona. and Arapaho land in Significance of the H.G. Wells pens The Gold is discovered Oklahoma to white Frontier in American Time Machine. near Denver, CO, settlers. History,” before a in the Cripple Creek Wisconsin audience. The Fort Worth field of the Rocky The Sierra Club Turner suggests the Courthouse is com- Mountains. is formed to fight presence of a frontier pleted at a cost of the destruction of has been a major force $408,380. Sid W. Richardson is forests. in the development of born in Athens, TX. democracy in America. 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 Russell’s works are shown at Chicago World’s Colombian Ex- Russell paints position. Russell paints Plunder Russell paints Russell paints Seeking New Hunting Grounds. on the Horizon and Trouble on the Indians Hunting Buf- Bringing Up the Trail and Horizon. Secures commissions and falo and The Marriage The Defiant Culprit. leaves the range to pursue full-time Ceremony. art career. C.M. RUSSELL U.S. & TEXAS & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL U.S.

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F.S. REMINGTON U.S. & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL 9/10/2010 1:53:22 PM 23

Captured The Russells nent home at 1219 North, in Ave. Fourth Great Falls, Montana. move to their perma- R.A. Fessenden transmits human speech via radio waves. Fort Worth C.L. photographer, Swartz shoots portrait of Butch Cassidy and “Hole in the Wall Gang.” 1900 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson Remington chooses new Roman bronze foundry, by owned Bronze Works, Riccardo Bertelli. Remington paints

The Butch Cassidy’s gang Butch Cassidy’s robs first train. Main Street in Fort is paved with Worth bricks. Russell paints Buffalo Hunt. 1899 Remington goes to Puerto Rico and Cuba to cover Spanish- American War. selected Work for commemora- tive stamp. Russell’s father Russell’s comes to Montana to visit Charles and his new wife. Nancy begins taking control of her business husband’s affairs. U.S. annexes Hawaii. of Paris is Treaty signed, ending Span- ish-American War. Jim Lowe (Butch Cassidy) and Harry Longbaugh (The Sundance Kid) set up “headquarters” in Fort Worth. 1898

. Cap- ... and

Recreation . Paints for short stories. Is a Bill guest at Buffalo ranch. Cody’s Remington travels to Montana and Wyo- ming, hunting elk and gathering ideas tain William Clark Magazine Three Generations Russell’s stories Russell’s and illustrations are published outside of Montana in 1897 Oil is discovered in Bartsville, Oklahoma. Oil becomes the area’s biggest industry as more strikes are made over the next several decades. . Trav- Remington trav- for Texas els to Harper’s els to Florida to sketch scenes of Spanish-Ameri- can War. 1896 The Supreme Court rules that “separate but equal facilities” for blacks and whites are constitutional. Nancy Cooper and Russell are married. Home09_10_2010.indd 23 Artist Timeline

Collier’s prints portfolio of Remington’s black and white illustrations. Remington signs four year contract Remington with Collier’s Weekly paints first Remington paints Rounded Up, A to do 12 paintings a version of Sioux Chief and The Cow Puncher. year of his choice in The Unknown John Ermine of the Yellowstone is REMINGTON F.S. topic. Explorers. published. Fight between cattle U.S. coal strike takes Orville and Wilbur First U.S. Olympics ranchers and sheep- place. Wright make the first takes place in St. herders begins years successful airplane Louis. of violence. Swift and Armour flight. open plants. Fort U.S. citizenship given Worth is packing Tarrant County’s first to Cherokees, Creeks, house center. car is sighted on city Choctaws, Chicka- streets. saws, and Seminoles. The Great Train Rob- Spindletop erupts in bery, Tarrant County’s Beaumont. first movie, is shown. 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 Russell exhibits Russell’s first Russell paints works in St. Louis. Receives favorable one-man show The Bucker. reviews as the “St. Louis Lion.” Is compared opens in St. Lou- Casts first bronze favorably to Remington. Paints Returning to is. Russell adds Camp and Buffalo Hunt. statuettes. logcabin studio Russell paints to his Great Falls Counting Coup and home. Trouble Hunters. C.M. RUSSELL U.S. & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL U.S.

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F.S. REMINGTON U.S. & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL 9/10/2010 1:53:23 PM 25 The and The Love . Burns drawings. 1910 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson The Buffalo Runners... Call, Among the Led Horses, Remington paints Luckless Hunter Moves to CT. Dies of peritonitis Moves to CT. after operation for ruptured appendix.

Wounded. Geronimo, Chiricahua Apache chief dies. Robert Perry reaches the North Pole. DuBois founds W.E.B. the NAACP. The Great Southside Fire destroys 300 buildings in Fort Worth. 1909 Russell paints of Canadian government. photo of Russell A painting is shown in Participates in buffalo Participates in buffalo roundup as guest Toronto Globemagazine. Saturday A . , and When First Wagon and Explorers (The Sentinel) Song, The Unknown Figure of the Night Apache Medicine Remington paints . Travels with . Travels Henry Ford introduces the first T, the Model mass-produced car in the world for $850. Cowtown Coliseum, hailed as the largest is show arena in its day, built. 1908 Meet Paints Blackfeet and Sioux buffalo drive to buffalo Canadian roundup. Tracks

The Dry

and .

. First one- Utica Remington burns 75 paintings. Paints Camp man show in NY. Sees man show in NY. Bill. Buffalo Appendix removed. Paints The Scout 1907 Boy Scouts founded. Immigration to U.S. restricted. Mother’s Day desig- nated. first Fort Worth’s the Flat skyscraper, Iron Building, located at 1000 Houston St. is built.

. One man , revealing Wind exhibit held at Knoedler Gallery Nocturnes in NY. well received. Remington paints A Taint on the 1906 The Jungle U.S. troops occupy Cuba. Upton Sinclair writes go’s stockyards. go’s conditions in Chica- offer summer cabin at offer Lake McDonald, Bull Head Lodge, as haven for artists and writers. Russell begins to Home09_10_2010.indd 25 Artist Timeline F.S. REMINGTON F.S.

Prizes appear in boxes Oreo cookie is born. Armory Show Panama Canal The Ford Company of Cracker Jacks. introduces U.S. to opens. makes its millionth car. Pres. Taft sets aside post-Impressionist art. TCU moves from Waco 38,000 California acres WWI begins. Motorized taxis appear to Fort Worth. for petroleum reserve. Income tax law goes in Fort Worth. into effect. Umbrella girl appears First transcontinental Love Field established on Morton Salt boxes. flight arrives in Fort in Dallas. Coca-Cola bottle Worth. designed. Fort Worth stockyards Southwest Conference is busiest horse mule Sid Richardson attends for athletics is Willa Cather pens trading center. Baylor and Simmons organized. O Pioneers! College. 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Russell travels down Russell opens one man show in New Missouri River with friends, York, “The West That Has Passed.” reading from Lewis and Clark Russells take pack train Wins commission for Lewis and Clark journals during trip. trip with Howard Eaton in mural at Montana State House of Glacier Park. Representatives.

Russell paints A Bad One. Attends July “The West That Has Passed” opens in 4 celebration on Blackfoot London with Charles and Nancy Russell reservation near Browning. in attendance. Russell’s work garners international recognition. C.M. RUSSELL U.S. & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL U.S.

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F.S. REMINGTON U.S. & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL 9/10/2010 1:53:23 PM 27 U.S. women receive the right to vote. First airmail occurs, to San York from New Francisco. Census counts Fort population at Worth 106,472. Impressionists into 1920 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson

hysterics.” In New York’s Babcock York’s In New catalouge, Russell Galleries’ states that “his pictures would drive the Russell begins spending part of each winter in Southern CA. Exhibits at Minneapolis Institute Art. Press suggests Russell’s of work profits from type of lighting seen in paintings of Maxfield Parrish. The 18th Amendment is ratified, introducing prohibition in 1920. Sid and friend Clint Murchison drive from Wichita Falls to Red River to make first oil deal. (Within two years, each had made $2 million in the oil game.) 1919

1918 The Raggedy Ann doll The Raggedy is introduced. WWI ends. first indoor World’s rodeo opens at the Northside Coliseum in Fort Worth. Nancy chairs area Division of Women’s Work the United War Campaign.

Deer in Forest. and Buffalo Bill’s U.S. enters WWI. Bill Cody dies. Buffalo Camp Bowie, a training camp of 100,000 men, is established in Ft. Worth. Ranger Oil Field discovered and sets off oil boom. 1917 Paints Duel with Yellowhand Photographer Dorethea Lange and husband visit Russell at Lake McDonald.

(later gives to Eaton). The (later gives to Eaton). 1916 Keds shoes are introduced. Peanut is Mr. created by 13-year- old in a contest by Planter’s Nut and Chocolate Co. Goes Armed Man’s Weapons Are Useless When Nature Russell paints Russells adopt a son, Jack. Home09_10_2010.indd 27 Artist Timeline F.S. REMINGTON F.S.

Unknown Solider is Mr./Mrs. Dewitt “Yes, We Have No Charleston dance Kodak makes first buried at Arlington Wallace found Bananas” is a popu- is the rage. 16mm movie film. National Cemetery. Reader’s Digest. lar song. F. Scott Fitzgerald Winnie the Pooh is KDKA in Pittsburgh Fort Worth is home The Stockyards is pens The Great written. transmits first regular to 22 oil refineries. annexed by the City Gatsby. U.S. radio program. of Fort Worth. Tarrant County’s Oil drops to $1 a bar- first airmail delivery rel, and Richardson arrives. is wiped out.

1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 Russell sells The Salute of the Russell’s health Russell’s goiter Robe Trade for $10,000. The begins to fail. removed. Dies Russells meet Hollywood stars of heart attack Russell is given honorary Douglas Fairbanks and wife in Great Falls, Doctor of Law degree. Mary Pickford. Montana on Oct. Last one man show in Russell paints 24. Wasington D.C. at Corcoran When White Men Turn Red. Gallery of Art. C.M. RUSSELL U.S. & TEXAS C.M. RUSSELL U.S.

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Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson

Cody: Buffalo

. Garden City: Doubleday . Fort Worth: Amon Carter Museum, . Fort Worth:

Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, Brookfield: . Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, 1992. . Brookfield: Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, 1992. Brookfield: Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, 1992. Brookfield:

. Fort Worth: Amon Carter Museum, 1993. . Fort Worth: . Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994. Texas University of Austin: . . Fort Worth: Amon Carter Museum, 1973. . Fort Worth: . Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1984. Texas . Fort Worth: . Fort Worth: Historic Preservation Council, 1991. . Fort Worth: . Tulsa: Continental Heritage Press, Inc., 1980. Tulsa: . Frederic Remington, A Catalogue Raisonne: Volume II. . New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982. Simon & Schuster, York: . New Seattle: Henry Gallery Association, 1990. Association, Seattle: Henry Gallery . New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1989. Harry N. York: . New

. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. Simon & Schuster, York: . New

Myth of the West. The Charles M. Russell Book: The Life and Work of the Cowboy Artist How Fort Worth Became the Texasmost City Charles M. Russell

Charles M. Russell, Word Painter: Letters 1887-1926 Remington & Russell: The Sid Richardson Collection Fort Worth & Tarrant County: A Historical Guide The Timetables of History Frederic Remington: Masterpieces from the Amon Carter Museum Bridging the ExploringContinent, the A TheSourcebook Frontier, Legendary A Sourcebook on Wildthe American West, onThe Athe Sourcebook RichesWest. American of the West.on West, the American A Sourcebook West. on the American West Tarrant County Historic Resources Survey Fort Worth: The Civilized West The American West

Bill Historical Center, 1996. Bill Historical Center, & Company, Inc., 1957. & Company,

Sanders, Leonard. Schmidt, Ruby. Schmidt, Ruby. Smith, Carter. Smith, Carter. Smith, Carter. Smith, Carter. 1992.

Hallmark Cards, Inc. 1993. Hassrick, Peter H. Smith, Carter. Smith, Carter. Stewart, Rick. Carl, Debi. Administrative Assistant / Historian, Sid Richardson Museum, 1997. Assistant Administrative Carl, Debi. Dippie, Brian W. Hassrick, Peter H., and Webster, Melissa J. Hassrick, Peter H., and Webster, Dippie, Brian W. Roark, Carol. McCracken, Harold. Brown, Dee. Smith, Carter. Smith, Carter. The Henry Art Gallery. Art Gallery. The Henry 1992. Pirtle, Caleb.

Grun, Bernard. BIBLIOGRAPHY Home09_10_2010.indd 29 Lesson Plans Image List

Sid Richardson on Horseback, black and white photograph p. 6

Sid Richardson Portrait, black and white photograph p. 8

Sid Richardson Museum Interior, color photograph p. 11

Charles M. Russell The Bucker Pencil, watercolor, & gouache on paper, p. 32-33 1904 16 1/4 x 12 1/4”

Edward H. Bohlin Co. Parade Outfit Vest/chaps: leather, sterling silver. Saddle: leather, sterling p. 34-35 1947 silver, stainless steel, mohair, wool, fleece, wood

Charles M. Russell Utica (A Quiet Day in Utica) p. 36-37 1907 Oil on canvas, 24 1/8 x 36 1/8”

Charles M. Russell Man’s Weapons are Useless When Nature Goes Armed p. 38-39 1916 Oil on canvas, 30 x 48 1/8”

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Home09_10_2010.indd 30 9/10/2010 1:53:24 PM Lesson Plans 9/10/2010 1:53:24 PM 31 p. 40-41 p. 42-43 p. 44-45 p. 46-47 p. 48-49 p. 50-51 p. Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson Right Out of His Wicky-up, Pete He Snaked Old Texas Gun and All watercolor & gouache on paper 12 3/8 x 17 1/8” Pencil, Attack on the Herd Oil on canvas, 25 1/8 x 34 ¼” a Wolf Cowboy Sport – Roping 35 3/4” Oil on canvas, 20 x Cowpunching Sometimes Spells Trouble Oil on canvas, 26 x 41” on a Horse Self-Portrait Oil on canvas, 29 3/16 x 19 3/8” Sentinel The Oil on canvas, 34 x 49” Charles M. Russell Charles 1905 Schreyvogel Charles 1907 Frederic S. Remington Frederic 1890 S. Remington Frederic 1889 Charles M. Russell Charles 1890 M. Russell Charles 1889 Home09_10_2010.indd 31 Lesson Plans

The Bucker Charles M. Russell 1904 Pencil, watercolor, and gouache on paper 16 ¼ x 12 ¼” CONCEPT Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that artists can depict a moment of action and drama.

TEKS DESCRIBE The SRM Educator Guide lessons support Look carefully at the work. How is this man dressed? inquiry-based discussion and align with the Describe any adornment he is wearing. What weapons does Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, he display? Sit in the same position as this man, imitating history and English language arts. To select his posture. How does this posture make you feel about correlations for your grade level visit the Texas yourself? How is the horse decorated? Where are the horse Education Agency TEKS website. and its rider situated on the picture plane? Describe the setting in which they are placed. INQUIRE VOCABULARY How do the colors of the setting contrast with those of the • Contrast - the degree of difference between horse and rider? (The artist has placed vivid colors where the colors, shapes, and other elements in an action is taking place). artwork (i.e., light and dark, rough and smooth). Why would the artist place the horse and rider in a setting • McCarty rope - horsehair reins. with no other figures in view? How does this placement • Quirt - a riding whip with a short handle and emphasize the battle between horse and man? How does a lash of braided rawhide. the vertical arrangement emphasize the movement of the horse?

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Home09_10_2010.indd 32 9/10/2010 1:53:24 PM Lesson Plans 9/10/2010 1:53:24 PM 33 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson See pg. 52 EXTEND Find out what these cowboy terms mean, and how the objects Find out what these cowboy terms mean, rope; lariat; and, are used: rough string; terrapin; McCarty quirt. from ranching rodeo events evolved Learn about how today’s to the Professional Rodeo Cowboys traditions. Write types about the different Association and request information Bare Bronc, Bull of rodeo contests, such as Saddle Bronc, Attend a rodeo Riding, Calf Roping, and Steer Wrestling. contest. of action. Include details Paint a scene that depicts a moment that add drama to your work. after he dismounts from “Interview” the cowboy immediately and don’t forget the “five his horse. Include at least one quote, - who, what, when, where, and why. W’s”

I wanted to be, and while that lasted I had a fine I wanted to be, and while that lasted under and over - chance to study hoss enatimy from over while The - the under was the view a taripan gits I hoverd ont the end of a Macarty rope was like the eagle sees but...scary for folks without wings....never did take kindly to broncos as my mind and theirs did not seem to work in unison. I never got to be a bronk rider but in my youthful days I never got to be a bronk rider but in

Russell had great admiration for bronc busters, as shown by Russell had great admiration for bronc these words: INFORM

What sounds might the horse be making? What do think will What sounds might the horse be making? of wills? happen next? Who will win this battle SUPPOSE Home09_10_2010.indd 33 Lesson Plans

Parade Outfit Edward H. Bohlin Company 1947 Vest/chaps: leather, sterling silver Saddle: leather, sterling CONCEPT

Students will view, analyze and interpret the objects. Students will learn that a commitment to function, design, quality materials, and good craftsmanship can result in both a useful and decorative object of enduring value. DESCRIBE Look carefully at these objects. What materials were used to make the vest, chaps and saddle? What geometric shape TEKS is repeated? What details do you notice? Are the details decorative or functional? The SRM Educator Guide lessons support inquiry-based discussion and align with the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, INQUIRE history and English language arts. To select correlations for your grade level visit the Texas Were these objects made for everyday use? If not, for what Education Agency TEKS website. occasions would these elaborate objects have been used? How much do you think the saddle weighs? (80 pounds) The vest is secured to the rider with buckles instead of buttons. (Buckles wouldn’t pop open like buttons might.) How would you feel wearing the chaps and vest while sitting in the VOCABULARY saddle? • Chaps - (pronounced shaps) leggings worn by cowboys over ordinary trousers to What makes these objects valuable? (silver, leather, protect their legs. craftsmanship) Do you think the objects were made by • Repetition - repeating elements of designs hand or machine? How would you care for them? Is there or patterns in an artwork. significance to the letter “R”? Who owns these objects? (Sid Richardson) Why are these objects in a museum?

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Home09_10_2010.indd 34 9/10/2010 1:53:24 PM Lesson Plans 9/10/2010 1:53:24 PM 35 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson and decorative. How did the designer EXTEND is made with attention Find an object you use every day that and craftsmanship. It to function, design, quality materials must be both useful Imagine you are a make this useful object decorative? and design your own useful and decorative designer, everyday object. How will you ensure your product will be made well and that it will still be functional many years from now? Learn the names and functions of each part of the saddle. Read about how the Spanish tradition of lavish horse gear by the conquistadors. was brought to the New World Can the standards and traditions of craftspersons such as Ask someone to come to your class Bohlin be found today? a field trip to Take and demonstrate how to tool leather. observe a saddle maker or silversmith. leather Indian leggings. As his reputation grew, he produced As his reputation grew, leather Indian leggings. gear holsters and assorted western saddles, bridles, chaps, for every major studio. that every piece be crafted to his Bohlin was determined not known to destroy pieces that did satisfaction. He was This perfectionism earned him standards. meet his exacting and as a premier leather craftsman a worldwide reputation Hollywood westerns, silversmith. During the golden age of Rogers, John Wayne, Bohlin counted among his clients Roy Dale Evans and Gary Cooper, Hopalong Cassidy, Ritter, Tex Jay Silversheets (“Tonto”). Proud owners of Bohlin passed away several years ago. and political leaders, and Bohlin gear include film stars, civic and enduring individuals who value quality workmanship value.

Bohlin opened his first store in Cody, Wyoming in 1917. In Bohlin opened his first store in Cody, 1918, performing as a trick roper and rider in a traveling Mix, who bought several of Tom Bohlin met horse show, personal costume items. Mix, impressed with Bohlin’s handiwork, persuaded Bohlin to try his luck in Bohlin’s first film contract was for 400 sets of California. Bohlin’s The outfit was the work of Edward H. Bohlin, saddlemaker The outfit was the work of Edward Bohlin was born and silversmith of Hollywood, California. by stories of the in Sweden in 1895. He grew up fascinated seeking out America, At 17, he came to American frontier. whom he had seen perform in Sweden. Bill Cody, Buffalo and repairing the Cody gave Bohlin work wrangling horses After working shows. harness and tack used in his Wild West and Bohlin took on other careers: a cowpuncher, for Cody, the last commercial stagecoach driver in the United States. In his spare time, he perfected his leatherworking skills by repairing and making saddles for fellow cowboys. The parade outfit was a gift to Sid Richardson from Amon Richardson from The parade outfit was a gift to Sid Stock Show. Worth G. Carter and his son at the 1947 Ft. close friends and art Amon Carter and Sid Richardson were of a Remington collectors who often vied for the ownership an oilman like Richardson, also or Russell painting. Carter, business, radio had a successful career in the newspaper and TV. INFORM

Is the leather tooling necessary for the function of the saddle necessary for the function of the Is the leather tooling an Why would a craftsman make or comfort of the rider? steel functional and decorative? Stainless object that is both What sterling silver saddle decorations. lies underneath the does of each material? How is the advantage/disadvantage a benefit? the combination of both materials offer SUPPOSE SUPPOSE Home09_10_2010.indd 35 Lesson Plans

Utica (A Quiet Day in Utica) Charles M. Russell 1907 Oil on canvas, 24 1/8 x 36 1/8” CONCEPT

Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that artists, through setting, action, and characters, can depict a humorous story. DESCRIBE Where does this scene take place? What details support your conclusion? Describe the buildings. What businesses are represented? Where is the action taking place in the TEKS painting (focal point)? Describe the man in the center of The SRM Educator Guide lessons support the painting. Describe the position of the horse. What inquiry-based discussion and align with the animals surround the horse and rider? In what direction Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, are they moving? What is attached to the dog? What history and English language arts. To select imaginary geometric shape is created in the composition correlations for your grade level visit the Texas by the central figure, the dog, and the chickens? (Shapes Education Agency TEKS website. to help create a focal point). Describe the two cowboys left of the central figure. How are they positioned on their horses? How has the artist shown movement? Describe the figures watching the scene. VOCABULARY • Focal point - the center of interest in an INQUIRE artwork. Who do you think attached the tin can to the dog’s tail? • Patron - an individual who buys the work of Is s/he in the painting? According to historian and author an artist. Brian Dippie, the guilty party is Breathitt Gray, the owner of the hotel and saloon. He is the man in the black hat and vest standing in front of the other spectators enjoying the commotion.

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Home09_10_2010.indd 36 9/10/2010 1:53:25 PM Lesson Plans 9/10/2010 1:53:25 PM 37 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson See pg. 61 with hands on knees; and, Bill Quigley and Bull Nose with hands on knees; left. to Hartzell’s Sullivan, the cowboys the looks much the same today as it did The town of Utica road is paved, and the day this work was painted, except the of travel. stagecoach is no longer used as a means EXTEND Locate an advertisement for an area business in which local Locate an advertisement for an area own ad for a local store. people are represented? Create your main idea of this a humorous poem that expresses the Write work of art. Find Utica, Montana on a map. the activity taking depiction of this town, Think about Russell’s in small 19th title. How did people place, and the painting’s How do those towns make their recreation? century Western forms of types of recreation compare with entertainment today? a new title for this painting. Write A

Charles Lehman, standing in the doorway of the general store; Charlie Russell, wearing a red sash and leaning on the African-American woman hitching post; Millie Ringgold, an first mentor in Montana, Russell’s prospector; Jake Hoover, to the left of Millie; Frank Hartzell, the central figure on the bucking horse; Leonard Divers, stooped over in front of store Other figures, in addition to Breathitt Gray, have been Other figures, in addition to Breathitt Gray, identified: INFORM Russell wanted to This painting was a commissioned piece; of the owners and create a portrait gallery for the enjoyment Lehman, a general store. customers of Charley Lehman’s in 1886 and operated Lewiston merchant, bought the store In 1907, one of it during the 1890s before selling out. for a sons decided to commission a painting Lehman’s in Lewistown. Dippie calendar to advertise the family store into price inquired explains that, “None of the Lehman’s be a watercolor. before ordering what they thought would out to be an oil painting, When the bill came for what turned assuring him the the Lehman boys hid it from their father, The boys then painting had cost just ‘a hundred smacks.’” the actual figure in installments. had to pay off

If the artist had not painted an “audience” for the central painted an “audience” for the central If the artist had not painting change? figure, how would the meaning of the titling the painting Russell shows a sense of humor by SUPPOSE SUPPOSE Quiet Day in Utica Home09_10_2010.indd 37 Lesson Plans

Man’s Weapons are Useless When Nature Goes Armed Charles M. Russell 1916 Oil on canvas, 30 x 48 1/8” CONCEPT

Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that artists can tell a humorous story through the depiction of DESCRIBE details in setting, action and characters. Using the enclosed scavenger hunt worksheet, explore the painting by locating all of the campsite items listed. Where is the scene set? Describe the terrain. What is the time of day? How do you know? What have they been doing? TEKS Describe their posture and gestures. Why is the man who is leading the horse holding his arm out? What are the skunks The SRM Educator Guide lessons support doing? Describe the men’s campsite and gear. Describe the inquiry-based discussion and align with the objects that the skunks have disturbed. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, history and English language arts. To select What colors in the foreground are repeated in the correlations for your grade level visit the Texas background? What effect does the repetition of colors have Education Agency TEKS website. upon the painting? How has the artist provided contrast in the painting? How do the colors suggest time of day?

VOCABULARY INQUIRE • Background - the parts of an artwork which What kind of defense do skunks have? What would have appear to be farthest away from the viewer happened if the man leading the horse had not seen the and lie behind objects in the foreground and skunks before reaching the camp? middle ground. • Foreground - the part of an artwork that appears closest to the viewers.

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Home09_10_2010.indd 38 9/10/2010 1:53:25 PM Lesson Plans 9/10/2010 1:53:25 PM 39 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson See pg. 53-55 EXTEND Write a descriptive paragraph that identifies the important a descriptive paragraph Write this painting. details illustrated in how the two men will get out of a short story explaining Write their predicament. idea/humor a cinquain poem that expresses the main Write of this painting. the following: Glacier On a map of the United States, locate Park and the Grand Canyon. Research Yellowstone Park, and vegetation of that and describe the climate, landforms region of the country.

Man’s Weapons Are Useless When Nature Goes Armed While in Wyoming, Eaton expanded his business to include Eaton expanded his While in Wyoming, parks, as well Yellowstone trail rides through Glacier and guest was Eaton’s as in the Grand Canyon area. Russell Arizona on several trail rides. During a 1916 trip through and along the Grand Canyon, Russell wrote to one of his companions on the excursion, “In the city men shake hands and call each other friends but its the lonsome places that ties our harts [sic] together and harts [sic] do not forget.” Look at the dedication written below Charlie Russell’s Charlie Russell’s Look at the dedication written below Howard Eaton, from his friend CM signature. It reads, “To of many books Russell.” Brian Dippie, author and editor explains that Eaton was “a American frontier, on the North Pittsburgh, settled pioneer dude rancher who hailed from and then, with near Medora in North Dakota in 1882, relocated his dude wrangling business well established, Big Horn Mountains, permanently on the eastern side of the Wyoming.” near Wolf, INFORM

Why would an artist choose a subject such as this one? Do choose a subject such as this one? Why would an artist personal is based upon the artist’s you think this painting The artist has shown a imagination? experience or his small this painting by suggesting that two sense of humor in will two grown men. What do you think skunks can “beat” happen next? SUPPOSE SUPPOSE was Russell’s gift to Eaton, in gratitude for that experience. was Russell’s Russell began work on the painting in 1915, and the inscription was added some time after the oil was finished. Home09_10_2010.indd 39 Lesson Plans

Cowboy Sport - Roping a Wolf Charles M. Russell 1890 Oil on canvas, 20 x 35 ¾” CONCEPT

Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that artists, through careful depiction of characters, can create a moment of action and drama. DESCRIBE Describe the action in this scene. How did the artist indicate movement? (horses’ legs, wolf’s legs, flying hat, lassoes in the air) What details do you notice about the men’s clothing TEKS and gear? (Note the cowboy’s holster and gun). Where does this scene take place? How did the artist create an The SRM Educator Guide lessons support illusion of space? inquiry-based discussion and align with the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, history and English language arts. To select INQUIRE correlations for your grade level visit the Texas Education Agency TEKS website. Why would the cowboys choose to rope, rather than shoot, the wolf? Discuss the painting’s title. What does the title tell you? What different kinds of “sport” might be available to a cowboy? Would a cowboy have time for sport? VOCABULARY • Lariat - a long rope with a running noose at one end, used especially for catching horses and cattle.

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Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson . Sport - Roping a Wolf To learn more about this line of work, visit the Texas Cowboy Texas this line of work, visit the learn more about To and Hall of Fame. Hall of Fame or the Cowgirl Museum EXTEND with tales around the Charlie entertained his fellow cowboys of his stories. Read campfire at night. Find and read one your own Bunyan). Write other tall tales (i.e., Pecos Bill, Paul portrayed in tall tale that describes the adventure

INFORM was a working cowboy, When Russell painted this work, he on the range. Wolves, familiar with the nuisance of wolves upon cattle. Ranchers when deprived of game to eat, preyed Cowboys, according fought back with poisoned bacon rind. bit and had a little to historian Brian Dippie, “also did their a wolf during their fun in the bargain. Whenever they startled chores, they gave chase” at great speed.

Will the wolf escape? Who is really playing with whom? Will the wolf escape? Who is really playing the wolf? Katherine C. Are the cowboys providing sport for daughter of Homer E. Britzman, one of the previous Young, painting contained a bit owners of the painting, believed the as “the coyote is winking when he sees that he is of humor, instead of pistols.” being chased by cowboys with ropes SUPPOSE Home09_10_2010.indd 41 Lesson Plans

Cowpunching Sometimes Spells Trouble Charles M. Russell 1908 Oil on canvas, 26 7/8 x 28 7/8” CONCEPT Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that artists, through arrangement of characters in a setting, can create a moment of action and DESCRIBE drama. What is happening? Where is the action taking place? TEKS Describe the position of the horse in the lower left section of the work. What caused his fall? Where is his rider? Describe The SRM Educator Guide lessons support the position of the rider’s legs. What is he doing with his left inquiry-based discussion and align with the hand? What is he reaching for with his right hand? What has Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, caused the cow to charge? (Look at the cow’s leg). Describe history and English language arts. To select the action of the cowboy on the right, and position of the correlations for your grade level visit the Texas horse and rider on the left. Who can help them? Look at Education Agency TEKS website. the background. How has the artist implied distance? What ominous object in the foreground stands out against the VOCABULARY dark colors of the foreground? • Asymmetry - a type of balance in which the INQUIRE two sides of a design are not alike, yet have equal visual weight. Make a diagram of the main shapes that make up the • Composition - the arrangement of elements composition. What imaginary shape (a right-angled triangle) of an artwork to make it an effective is formed by the three central cowboy figures? The balance expression of the artist’s ideas. in this work is asymmetrical, which adds to the feeling of • Symbol - a visual image that stands for chaos. (When things look off balance, a feeling of unrest is something else, especially a letter, figure or created). a sign that represents a real object or idea.

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Home09_10_2010.indd 42 9/10/2010 1:53:25 PM Lesson Plans 9/10/2010 1:53:26 PM 43 . Great Falls: Products, Treasure Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson When Cowboys Get in 1899 Trouble C. Russell, C. 1972. Warden, R.D.Warden, Russell CM Boyhood Sketchbook Songs of the Wild When Cowboys Get in See pg. 56-57

, painted in 1899. by Alan Axelrod, New York: The Metropolitan Museum York: Axelrod, New Alan by

West Compare this work with Russell’s Compare this work with Russell’s Learn about the great cattle trails. of Art, 1991. EXTEND

Note the buffalo skull painted in the lower right corner. By corner. skull painted in the lower right Note the buffalo the painted later, trademark signature; 1887, it was Russell’s outline drawing of a skull would be replaced by a simple For head that could be found near his signature. buffalo to the passing symbol may have alluded Russell, the buffalo of the West. INFORM

Russell was a night wrangler. While not talented as a While not talented wrangler. Russell was a night Riding he admired the top hands he knew. cowpuncher, his became staples for him. How might and roping scenes matter? him qualified to paint this subject experiences make SUPPOSE SUPPOSE Night wranglers and trail drivers often sang lullabies to their Night wranglers and trail drivers often cattle to keep them calm at night. Listen to cowboy songs Along, Little Dogies” (author Git Yo, Yi Ti such as “Whooppee unknown). For songs of this era, consult Look at the copy of one of Russell’s early drawings. What early drawings. Look at the copy of one of Russell’s his artwork as a young trademark symbol did Russell use in to place next to your boy? (a moccasin) Design a symbol it signify? signature on your artworks. What does Trouble Home09_10_2010.indd 43 Lesson Plans

Self-Portrait on a Horse Frederic Remington 1890 Oil on canvas, 29 3/16 x 19 3/8”

CONCEPT

Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that a portrait can depict the physical likeness of a person, as well as suggest aspects of a person’s personality.

TEKS DESCRIBE The SRM Educator Guide lessons support Describe the subject of this portrait. How is this man inquiry-based discussion and align with the dressed? Where does he seem to be looking? Can you Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, determine the expression on his face? What words might history and English language arts. To select describe his personality? Is the horse stationary or moving? correlations for your grade level visit the Texas Where are the horse and its rider situated on the canvas? Education Agency TEKS website. Has the artist given you any clues about the setting? Describe the foreground. Describe the sky.

VOCABULARY • Portrait - a work of art depicting a person, persons, or an animal. Portraits usually show just the face, but can include part or all of the body. • Self-portrait - a rendering of the artist’s own likeness.

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Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson EXTEND art was, Remington When asked who the audience for his between twelve and is said to have replied, “Boys--boys What did Remington mean by this statement? seventy....” How would you paint your self-portrait? Profile, full-face, or full figure? What clothing would you choose? What would your choice of clothing reveal about you? Paint a self-portrait, portraying yourself in your best light, as you would want others to remember you. Include clues about yourself for the viewer. INFORM INFORM cowboys “possess a quality of sturdy, Remington said that the credit of men in sterling manhood which would be to of the cowboy any walk of life....I wish that the manhood East.” might come more into fashion further

SUPPOSE and his horse What if Remington had situated himself location? How might among other people, or in a specific the subject of the that have changed your response to does Remington painting? In your opinion, what opinion think of himself, and what do you think he wants the viewer to remember about him? In his self-portrait Remington is dressed in cowboy clothes, In his self-portrait Remington is dressed would the artist although he never worked as one. Why depict himself in cowboy clothing? The title lets the viewer know that this is Remington’s self- know that this is Remington’s The title lets the viewer positioned in relation to portrait. Where are you, the viewer, the way you affect the horse and its rider? How might this personality? interpret Remington’s INQUIRE INQUIRE Home09_10_2010.indd 45 Lesson Plans

The Sentinel Frederic Remington 1889 Oil on canvas, 34 x 49” CONCEPT

Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that artists, through the depiction of character and setting, can create a sense of time and place. DESCRIBE Describe the man in this painting. How is he dressed? TEKS Describe his gear. Where is he looking? What is within his view? Describe the buildings in the far left and far The SRM Educator Guide lessons support right background. Describe the terrain. What is the time of inquiry-based discussion and align with the year? What clues has the artist given you that helped you Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, determine the time of year? Where is the light coming from? history and English language arts. To select How do you know? Describe the colors in the background correlations for your grade level visit the Texas and compare them with the colors of the foreground. What Education Agency TEKS website. colors are the shadows? Can you see any other human figures? VOCABULARY INQUIRE • Cool colors - family of related colors which In what part of the country might this scene be taking place? ranges from the greens through the blues What does the word “sentinel” mean? What job does this and violets. Cool colors suggest coolness man perform? and seem to recede from the viewer. • Warm colors - the family of related colors ranging from the reds through the oranges SUPPOSE and yellows. Warm colors suggest warmth and seem to move toward the viewer. What might the sentinel be guarding? From whom or what?

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Home09_10_2010.indd 46 9/10/2010 1:53:26 PM Lesson Plans 9/10/2010 1:53:26 PM 47 A Figure of the Night Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson See pg. 56, 58-59 . (The Sentinel) EXTEND EXTEND Note the sentinel’s clothing and equipment, i.e., woolly clothing Note the sentinel’s stirrups) embellished with chaps, tapadero (covered chinstrap, and gourd canteen. conchos, hat with parts of the from many different While cowboys came ethnic groups many different and represented country, (Hispanic, American, African Native American, Anglo), century American cowboys were sixteenth the first North Research cowboy Mexican horseman called vaqueros. Spanish roots. From terms to see how they reflect their words derive: bronc, what Spanish words do the following lariat, lasso, McCarty, buckaroo, chaps, cinch, cookie, corral, mustang, buckaroo, ranch, and rodeo? painting with another Compare and contrast this Remington that has a similar title, the 1908 painting

The Harper’s , 1886-1887. Illustration Weekly Harper’s for April 2, 1887, and combined three of for , explains that although Remington painted , explains that although Remington & Russell: The Sid Richardson

in 1889, its inspiration came from a trip to the in 1889, its inspiration Remington sketched the Papagos, a peaceful people Remington sketched the Papagos, a and Mexicans. long under the sway of the Spaniards Apaches, who They had no enemies apart from the the missions at were a constant menace, and outside vigil. Remington San Xavier a mounted Papago kept published a sheet of twelve drawings...in them - a Papago home, the mission proper, and the proper, them - a Papago home, the mission ...guard - in this striking oil. Weekly

Sentinel Southwest in 1886. While in southern Arizona: Arizona: While in southern Southwest in 1886. The early Spanish explorers who first encountered the Papagos called them papabotas, or “bean eaters,” a term eventually abbreviated to Papago. In their native tongue, O’odham, or “Desert Tohono these people are known as O’odham migrated back and forth from Tohono The People.” summer camps near flood-watered fields to winter homes near mountain springs. Sketches Among the Papagos of San Xavier (April 2, 1887), line 244, p. engraving. INFORM INFORM scenes from elements of Remington often constructed W. Dippie, in the field. Brian sketches made previously author of Collection Home09_10_2010.indd 47 Lesson Plans

He Snaked Old Texas Pete Right Out of His Wicky-up, Gun and All Charles M. Russell 1905 Pencil, watercolor, and gouache on paper 12 3/8 x 17 1/8” CONCEPT Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that artists sometimes create artwork to illustrate and enhance understanding of the written word. DESCRIBE This painting, printed in McClure’s Magazine in 1906, illustrates an event in Arizona Nights, written by Stewart E. White. Read the title of the painting. To help you understand TEKS the story, find the characters: Texas Pete, with “big whiskers The SRM Educator Guide lessons support and black eyebrows”; a family (a man, his wife, and their inquiry-based discussion and align with the child); the horses that pullled the family’s wagon; and two Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, cowboys. history and English language arts. To select correlations for your grade level visit the Texas What has happened to Texas Pete? How do you know the Education Agency TEKS website. action has just taken place? (overturned chair, hat flying, dust cloud) Describe the expression on his face. What is in his hands? Is he able to fire his gun? Who has tied him up? What might the cowboy on the right side of the composition VOCABULARY be reaching for with his right hand? • Illustrator - an artist who creates designs and artworks for books or periodicals that explain the text or show the events in a story. • Gouache - an opaque paint that can be dissolved in water.

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EXTEND INFORM INFORM a waterhole Pete discovered Texas According to the story, Arizona desert and began charging in the middle of the “two bits a head - man emigrants on their way to California One day a father was denied or beast” for a drink of water. to not afford water for his sick child because he could up a drink from an pay the price. He bent down to scoop his thirsty horses overflow puddle and at the same time, Pete shot and killed Texas Angry, dipped into the trough. cowboys horse. One of the two good-hearted the emigrant’s grabbed his rope who happened by at the same moment flip throws… and “with one of the prettiest twenty-foot out of his wicky-up, gun and all.” Pete Texas snaked old Wyeth was N.C. work illustrated the first episode. Russell’s chosen to illustrate the remaining installments. If this story closed with a moral, what would it be? Write a If this story closed with a moral, what would it be? Write new title, one that expresses a moral to this story.

Can you piece together the story, using the clues in the Can you piece together the story, painting? SUPPOSE

Read the sign by Texas Pete’s wicky-up (tent). Find his well. wicky-up (tent). Find Pete’s Texas Read the sign by are many other wells Look at the setting. Do you think there Why or why not? to be found in this part of the country? What object is in the father’s hand? (tin cup) Note that one of the trough. horses is on the ground next to the family’s INQUIRE INQUIRE Home09_10_2010.indd 49 Lesson Plans

Attack on the Herd Charles Schreyvogel (1861-1912) 1907 Oil on canvas 25 1/8 x 34 1/4”

CONCEPT

Students will view, analyze and interpret the work of art. Students will learn that artists can depict a moment of action and drama. DESCRIBE What is the story that you see in this work of art? Describe the clothing worn by the man on the right. What color is TEKS his shirt? His hat? What does he wear around his neck? The SRM Educator Guide lessons support What kind of job does he do? In what direction is his horse inquiry-based discussion and align with the moving? What effect does this have as you look at the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for art, painting? How is the man on the left dressed? What does he history and English language arts. To select wear on his head? Describe his shield. In what direction is correlations for your grade level visit the Texas his horse moving? Look at the dust cloud under the horses’ Education Agency TEKS website. hooves. What does this indicate about the action portrayed? (speed of the horses).

VOCABULARY • Atmospheric perspective - a method of implying depth and distance in a painting by using fading colors and hazy details in distant objects.

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Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson confrontation between the cowboy and the Native confrontation between the cowboy and for a a factual account of the event Americans. Write newspaper. EXTEND the scene of the Pretend you are a news reporter on INFORM INFORM Schreyvogel was born in New Like Remington, Charles 1861 and lived in the east. Beginning in 1893, in York gathering West, Schreyvogel made regular visits to the with accuracy of impressions and satisfying an obsession The public considered detail that equaled Remington’s. action equal in depicting Schreyvogel to be Remington’s tribute to the work was a pictures. Most of Schreyvogel’s Americans at war. filled with cavalry and Native Wild West, men fighting a deadly Many paintings feature two or three in that it shows a cowboy, This painting is different battle. Americans. pitted against the Native rather than a soldier,

SUPPOSE American the Native Find the cattle in the distance. Locate a blanket. Why who is stampeding the cattle by flapping Americans separate the cowboy from his would the Native herd?

Find the Native American charging up behind the cowboy. the cowboy. American charging up behind Find the Native Can you find others What object does he hold in his hands? Americans are Native in the background? Do you think they or cowboys? INQUIRE INQUIRE Home09_10_2010.indd 51 Student Activities

AN INTERVIEW THE MONTANA BULLETIN

MONTANA’S SOURCE FOR NEWS OF THE OPEN RANGE

______Section A, Page 1 (Date of Article) ______

(Title of Article)

By ______

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Home09_10_2010.indd 52 9/10/2010 1:53:27 PM Student Activities 9/10/2010 1:53:27 PM 53 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson campsite. How many of campsite. How many

_____ coffee pot _____ coffee _____ pot of pork and beans _____ firewood _____ skillet bacon before it has been sliced) _____ slab of bacon (large piece of cup _____ coffee _____ striped blanket _____ tin plate _____ rope _____ sack _____ bedding _____ horse gear _____ case with handles _____ empty tin can _____ ax _____ moon or sun _____ two skunks _____ hills that seem far away Man’s Weapons are Useless When Nature Goes Armed.

These two critters had no trouble finding their way around the hunters’ had no trouble finding their way around These two critters as you find them. you find? Check them off these objects can

SCAVENGER HUNT SCAVENGER For use with Home09_10_2010.indd 53 Student Activities

TELLING A PAINTING’S STORY STEP ONE: MAKE A LIST OF DETAILS

• Closely observe the painting. • List every detail that you see in the work. • List countable things in the work. • List anything that is not in the picture, for example, anything that is hidden from your view. • Do not include how you feel about the work. Do not include your reaction to the story in the painting

STEP TWO: WRITE A SHORT DESCRIPTION

• Give information, using the list of details created in step one. • Do not try to list all of the details. Choose the ones that are most important. • Do not make any judgments about the painting. • Write so that a reader could immediately recognize the work.

STEP THREE: WRITE A STORY ABOUT THE PAINTING

• Tell the story of the painting. Use your description to help you create your story. • Think of the painting as a frame in a movie. “Unfreeze” the frame, and set the painting to motion. • Write the story of either what is happening in the work, what has just happened, or what is going to happen.

From Collecting Their Thoughts: Using Museums as Resources for Student Writing, Smithsonian Institution Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Washington, D.C., 1994.

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Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson

Line 1: One noun Line 5: One noun Describe the noun Describe the noun Line 3: Three verbs Line 3: Action or “ing” words Person, place or thing Line 2: Two adjectives Two Line 2: Line 4: Four-word phrase Another word for the word in Line 1

______

Choose a work you would like to write a cinquain about. A cinquain is a five-line poem. Write your poem, carefully following Write your poem, carefully a five-line poem. cinquain is A would like to write a cinquain about. Choose a work you the directions below. CINQUAIN POEM CINQUAIN Home09_10_2010.indd 55 Student Activities

COMPARE & CONTRAST Choose two works of art to compare and contrast. Study them carefully. In the open area of the left circle, list the characteristics that are true only to artwork #1. In the open area of the right circle, list the characteristics that are true only to artwork #2. In the area where the two circles overlap, list the characteristics that are true of both artworks.

ARTWORK #1 ARTWORK #2 shared unique characteristics characteristics unique characteristics

Using the words and phrases listed above, write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the two artworks.

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. (June 1988): 38.

Source: Boyd, “On the Jolene. Texas Eva Chisholm Highways Old Trail,” CHISHOLM TRAIL MAP CHISHOLM Home09_10_2010.indd 57 Student Activities

COWBOY TERMS Some of the words that American cowboys use today were adapted from Spanish words used by the vaqueros. Match these cowboy terms with their Spanish origins by drawing a line to connect them to each other.

Cowboy Terms Spanish Origin

Bronc Vaquero (cow-man)

Buckaroo Rancho (a soldier’s mess)

Chaps Cincha (girth)

Cinch Cocinero (cook)

Cookie Chaparejos (leg protectors)

Corral Rodear (to round up)

Lariat Lazo (noose)

Lasso La Reata (rope)

McCarty Mesteno (a stray)

Mustang Mecate (horse hair reins)

Ranch Corral (farmyard)

Rodeo Bronco (rough or rude)

Source: Morris, Michelle. The Cowboy Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.

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Home09_10_2010.indd 58 9/10/2010 1:53:27 PM Student Activities 9/10/2010 1:53:27 PM 59 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson Vaquero (cow-man) Vaquero Rancho (a soldier’s mess) Cincha (girth) Cocinero (cook) Chaparejos (leg protectors) Rodear (to round up) Lazo (noose) La Reata (rope) Mesteno (a stray) Mecate (horse hair reins) Corral (farmyard) Bronco (rough or rude) Spanish Origin . New York: Simon and 1993. Schuster, . New York:

Source: Morris, Michelle. The Cowboy Life Cowboy Terms Terms Cowboy Bronc Corral Lariat Lasso McCarty Mustang Ranch Rodeo Buckaroo Chaps Cinch Cookie COWBOY TERMS COWBOY Home09_10_2010.indd 59 Student Activities

LIVE AND ON THE SCENE REPORT FROM... I am stepping into ______

It was painted by ______

I am standing ______

From here I can see ______

______

If I could walk further into the picture ______

______

The colors I see in the picture are ______

______

These parts of the picture are in shadow, or seem hazy: ______

______

These parts of the picture are in bright light: ______

______

One word that describes the mood of the picture is ______

I think it is interesting, or important, that ______

______

Reporter’s Name: ______

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Working with a partner, think up a title (a phrase that sums up the story) for this narrative painting. Write your title in the for this narrative painting. Write think up a title (a phrase that sums up the story) with a partner, Working what is important about the painting. Be ready to tell us how your title describes center of the frame below. The painting’s title often gives us a clue about what the artist thought was most important. It may tell us about the action, the thought was most important. It may us a clue about what the artist title often gives The painting’s or the main idea. why the action is taking place setting, the character/s, NAME THAT PAINTING PAINTING NAME THAT painting tells a story. narrative A Home09_10_2010.indd 61 Teacher Resources

WHY TEACH ART? VISUAL WARM-UPS

Why should art be a part of our students’ education? The National THREE CHANGES: Group leader asks for a volunteer, who will Endowment for the Arts, in an attempt to summarize the variety of strike a pose for the group. Leader has the group turn away and purposes for art education, has described four basic goals: makes three changes to the pose of the volunteer. Group turns back to face the volunteer and tries to guess the changes that Civilization - Art provides students access to the achievements were made. How does memory trick us? of our civilization and other civilizations, spread across vast distances of history and geography. Works of art of all civilizations TURN AROUND: Group is allowed one minute to study a painting, help provide a basis for multicultural literacy, through which and then they must turn away to face the opposite wall. Students students may better understand not only themselves and their are asked to describe the features of the painting as completely own heritage, but also that of the diverse peoples who share this as possible from memory. When group seems to be stumped, world. leader can allow another 30-second look. Leader can facilitate description by guiding students with such prompts as “Describe Creativity - Art fosters creativity, the ability to say and express the background ...middleground...foreground.” How does thoughts, feelings, and values in visual form. Creativity is not repeated looking change one’s perceptions? What parts are most simply the manipulation of art materials, but the purposeful memorable? Why? exercise - using skills, technologies, and materials with which the student has become competent - of mind, heart, and hand in the SOUND SYMPHONY: Leader asks students to stand in front of translation of the student’s private visions into public realities. a painting and name any object that might produce a sound or be associated with a sound. Student also recreates the named Communication - Art teaches effective communication and sound for the group. Leader divides group into sound sections opens doors for students to an entire world of nonverbal forms (like an orchestra). After a “tune-up” practice, leader orchestrates of communication that carry powerful messages in our culture different groups to produce their assigned sound loudly or softly and others. The study of art’s potential to communicate ideas, upon directions and creates a group symphony of sounds related emotions, and values is fundamental to students’ understanding to the painting. How did participation change one’s impression of of their world and their ability to function effectively within it. the painting?

Choice - Art teaches students to make choices based on critical I PACKED MY BAG: Describe the scene in the painting. Tell assessment, not simply personal preference. It provides models students that they are going to “visit” this scene, and each one that can help students learn to make critical choices and become may take one object that would be useful in the context of the discriminating consumers of the multitude of ideas and values that painting. Ask each student to name their object and explain how circulate in our culture. Art education nourishes the idea that life’s they will use it in the scene. Make up a story about the work of art important problems have more than one answer and that a variety and incorporate the objects. How do students’ relationships with of solutions may be created in response to any given problem. the artwork change?

Adapted from the National Endowment for the Arts. JEOPARDY: Standing in front of an artwork, leader states the answers, and students generate the appropriate questions. Allow for diversity of questions that could yield the same answer. How did the challenge of finding questions differ from providing answers?

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Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson Phillip Yenawine, Museum Educator Phillip Yenawine,

RESPONDING TO QUESTIONS TO RESPONDING by examining the work?” If that fails, or does not If students ask questions, first respond by asking: “Can we answer that You can check to see if the label supplies it, continue with: “How might we find that answer?” seem to satisfy the questioner, or determine what source might be the most useful as a reference text. Acknowledge agreements and disagreements: “It seems that several people see that” or “we have a variety of opinions Acknowledge agreements and disagreements: “It seems that several people here.” Accept all interpretations as reasonable as long as they can be grounded in the students’ observations--which is the purpose observations--which is the purpose as long as they can be grounded in the students’ Accept all interpretations as reasonable may not think all answers are correct, but let the group You of the question: “What do you see that makes you say that?”. interaction sort the “truth” out. It usually does. RESPONDING TO TO COMMENTS RESPONDING important as asking questions. In order for students to feel confident comments is as Responding supportively to students’ each them that you are not searching for one “right answer”, paraphrase that their opinions are valid, and to convince you aren’t sure you got it right, ask for restatement. as if you were saying, “What I hear you saying is...” If answer, Probing in order to open up discussion: • Can anyone add to that comment? • Who has another idea? • Does someone think • Can anyone add to that comment? • Who has another idea? • Does Probing in order to open up discussion: • Does anyone disagree? What do you think instead? • Does everyone agree? something different? What do you see that makes you say that? or: • How do you know that from the picture? • Where do you see that? • How that? or: • How do you know that from the picture? • Where do you see What do you see that makes you say can you tell? What else can you find? or: • What more do you see? • Who can add to that? • Who sees something else? • Does anyone more do you see? • Who can add to that? • Who sees something else? What else can you find? or: • What see something different? ASKING QUESTIONS ASKING QUESTIONS happening here? • What do we see here? • What about this picture? going on in this picture? or: • What is What’s • ask open ended questions that are within the students’ experiential and intellectual grasp, • validate the students’ diverse diverse students’ and intellectual grasp, • validate the experiential questions that are within the students’ • ask open ended link various parts of the conversation. responses, and • help They are easy for discussions. at stimulating lengthy and insightful have been proven successful The following questions background. teachers to use regardless of their art To facilitate discussions, teachers: facilitate discussions, teachers: To VISUAL THINKING STRATEGIES THINKING STRATEGIES VISUAL Home09_10_2010.indd 63 Teacher Resources

WEBSITES Gilcrease Museum Western Art Museums/Western Art Collections: http://www.gilcrease.org Museum located in Tulsa with over 10,000 drawings, Autry National Center of the American West paintings, prints, and sculptures from over 400 American http://www.autrynationalcenter.org artists from colonial to present day. Collection includes 18 of Located in Los Angeles, celebrates the American West Remington’s 22 bronzes. through three institutions: the Museum of the American West, the Southwest Museum of the American Indian, and Glenbow Museum the Institute for the Study of the American West. http://www.glenbow.org Located in Calgary, Alberta in Canada, the Glenbow Museum Buffalo Bill Historical Center archives and collects objects and documents relevant to http://www.bbhc.org/museums/ northwest North America, specifically western Canada. Information on five museums located in Cody, WY, including Contains library, art collection and archives. the Buffalo Bill Museum, examining the life and historical context of W.F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody, The Whitney Gallery of Heard Museum Western Art, the Cody Firearms Museum, the Plains Indian http://www.heard.org Museum, and the Draper Museum of Natural History. Located in Phoenix, AZ, the Heard is dedicated to educating the public about the cultures and arts of Native Americans, CM Russell Museum specifically in the Southwest. Museum programming includes http://www.cmrussell.org annual festivals, art demonstrations and exhibitions. Located in Great Falls, MT, the CMRM is dedicated to the life and art of CM Russell. The complex includes gallery The Museum of Western Art space as well as Russell’s log studio with artifacts he used http://www.museumofwesternart.com for paintings, and his home that is furnished in period style. This museum, which is located in Kerrville, TX, displays Western Art from late 19th century to present day, and Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and artifacts of the American West. The museum also is host to Western Art traveling exhibitions. http://www.eiteljorg.org The Eiteljorg is located in Indianapolis and includes both National Cowboy and Western Heritage Native American and Western art. Collection includes Museum Remington, Russell, and contemporary artists as well as http://www.nationalcowboymuseum.org Native American art and artifacts. Exhibits variety of western art, sculpture, artifacts, firearms, and Native American artifacts. Located in Oklahoma City, Frederic Remington Art Museum OK, the museum features the Prix de West art exhibition of http://www.fredericremington.org contemporary western artists. Website includes Children’s A collection of Remington’s paintings, bronzes and artifacts, Site with activities, songs, games, and virtual tours of located in Ogdensburg, NY. Museum also includes a museum and the collection. re-creation of Remington’s Connecticut studio and personal possessions from his home.

64 Home on the Range Sid Richardson Museum

Home09_10_2010.indd 64 9/10/2010 1:53:28 PM Teacher Resources 9/10/2010 1:53:28 PM 65

Home on the Range

Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson Fort Worth Art Museums: Amon Carter Museum Amon Carter Museum http://www.cartermuseum.org American art, from the of a survey The Carter offers of Exhibits a large collection early 19th – 20th centuries. artists American as well as Remingtons and Russells, and Stieglitz. Sargent O’Keeffe, Cole, Eakins, Homer, Calder, Art Kimbell Museum http://www.kimbellart.org to 20th century, Exhibits pieces ranging from antiquities Angelico and Caravaggio to including masterpieces from Fra Asian art collection and Also houses Cezanne and Matisse. African, and Mediterranean pieces. Mesoamerican, Art Museum of Fort Worth Modern http://www.mamfw.org with over 2,600 pieces, Texas, The oldest art museum in sculpture, site-specific including post-war modern painting, and videotapes/discs. installations, prints, drawings, photos, Sid Richardson Museum http://www.sidrichardsonmuseum.org museum exhibits a the Texas, Located in Fort Worth, Remington, art by Frederic permanent collection of Western American artists. Charles Russell, and other late 19th c. listing revised 7/1/2009 Website

National Museum of Wildlife Art of Wildlife National Museum http://www.wildlifeart.org Art Rockwell Museum of Western http://www.rockwellmuseum.org Norton Museum of Art of Norton Museum http://www.norton.org American and European Norton Galleries include The R.W. Norton is R.W. The LA. painting and sculpture in Shreveport, Remington and Russell particularly known for its collection of paintings. American Art Smithsonian Museum http://www.americanart.si.edu Preserve Museum & Wildlife Woolaroc / http://www.woolaroc.org has an assortment Located in Bartlesville, OK, the Woolaroc painters Remington, Russell, of art and artifacts by Western Also and Leigh, as well as firearms and even a 1927 aircraft. Guide Center and Wildlife Preserve. Y-Indian includes a Museum located in Jackson Hole, WY, exhibits fine art that is exhibits Jackson Hole, WY, Museum located in date from 2000 B.C.E. to present, Works devoted to wildlife. painting and American and European on and focuses mainly sculpture. American art, and Native museum focused on Western A York. located in Corning, New American art, including colonial Covers all aspects of art, realism, Western portraits, 19th c. landscapes, 20th c. American art, Latino and folk art. African decorative art, and students. includes online resources for teachers Website Home09_10_2010.indd 65 Teacher Resources

BIBLIOGRAPHY Greenbaum, Michael D. Icons of the West: Frederic Axelrod, Alan. Songs of the Wild West. New York: The Remington’s Sculpture. Ogdensburg: Frederic Remington Art Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991. Museum, 1996.

Boyd, Eva Jolene. “On The Old Chisholm Trail.” Texas Hassrick, Peter H. Charles M. Russell. New York: Harry Highways. (June 1988): 38. N.Abrams, Inc., 1989.

Campbell, Suzan. The American West: People, Places, and Hassrick, Peter H. and Melissa J. Webster. Frederic Ideas. Corning: Rockwell Museum of Western Art, 2001. Remington: A Catalogue Raisonne of Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings, Volumes I and 2. Cody: Buffalo Bill Historical Dear, Elizabeth. C.M. Russell’s Log Studio. Great Falls:C.M. Center, 1996. Russell Museum, 1995. Hassrick, Peter H. Remington, Russell and the Language Dippie, Brian W., Ed. Charles M. Russell, Word Painter: of Western Art. Washington, D.C.: Trust for Museum Letters 1887-1926. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1993. Exhibitions, 2000.

Dippie, Brian W. Charlie Russell Roundup: Essays on Hassrick, Peter. The Frederic Remington Studio. Cody: America’s Favorite Cowboy Artist. Helena: Montana Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 1994. Historical Society Press, 1999. Jennings, Kate F. Remington and Russell and the Art of the Dippie, Brian W., Ed. “Paper Talk” Charlie Russell’s American American West. Greenwich: Brompton Books Corporation, West. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1979. 1993.

Dippie, Brian. Remington & Russell: The Sid Richardson Morris, Michele. The Cowboy Life. New York: Simon and Collection. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994. Schuster, 1993.

Dippie, Brian. The Frederic Remington Art Museum Neff, Emily Ballew with Wynne Phalen. Frederic Remington: Collection. Frederic Remington Art Museum, 2001. The Hogg Brothers Collection of the Museum of Fine Arts. Houston: Princeton University Press, 2000. Freedman, Russell. Cowboys of the Wild West. New York: Clarion Books, 1985. Plain, Nancy. Frederic Remington: Artist of the American West. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers, 2003.* Giesecke, Ernestine. The Life and Work of Frederic Remington. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2000.*

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Home09_10_2010.indd 66 9/10/2010 1:53:28 PM Teacher Resources 9/10/2010 1:53:28 PM 67 . Great Falls: . San Diego: Harcourt . San Diego: Harcourt Home on the Range . New York: Children’s Press, 2002.* Children’s York: . New Sid Richardson Museum Museum Sid Richardson Cowboy Charlie Frederic Remington (Getting to Know the CM Russell Boyhood Sketchbook Venezia, Mike. Venezia, World’s Greatest Artists) Treasure Products, 1972. Treasure Jeanette. Winter, Warden, R.D. Warden, Brace & Company, 1995.* Brace & Company, * Books for young people . . . New York: . York: New . Fort Worth: . Fort Worth: . London: Aladdin The Art of the Old West , (1989): 77-81. Frederic Remington: A Techniques of the Artists of the Frederic Remington . The Smithsonian Institution, 1981. . Cast and Recast: The Sculpture of Frederic Remington: The Masterworks Charlie’s Trail: The Life and Art of C. M. Cowboys: Fact or Fiction . Secaucus: The Wellfleet Press, 1990. The Wellfleet . Secaucus: Charles M. Russell, Sculptor . Garden City: Doubleday and Company, 1982. . Garden City: Doubleday and Company,

Guns and Ammo Annual . Helena: Twodot/Falcon Press Publishing Co., Inc., Twodot/Falcon . Helena:

Samuels, Peggy and Harold. Samuels, Peggy and Secaucus: Castle Books, 1985. Secaucus: Castle Spangenberger, Phil. “Bohlin Made: Hollywood’s Stamp of Phil. “Bohlin Made: Hollywood’s Spangenberger, Quality.” 1996.* Franklin Watts, 1994.* 1994.* Franklin Watts, Biography American West Frederic Remington Shapiro, Michael. Samuels, Peggy and Harold. Van Steenwyk, Elizabeth. Van Amon Carter Museum, 1994. Russell Shirley, Gayle C. Shirley, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1988. Harry N.

Ross, Stewart. BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Rossi, Paul A. and David C. Hunt. Rossi, Paul Books Ltd., 1995. Stewart, Rick. Shapiro, Michael. Home09_10_2010.indd 67

C. Russell, Utica (A Quiet Day in Utica)(detail) 1907 F. Remington, Self Portrait C. Russell, Man’s Weapons are Useless When Nature Goes Armed (detail) 1916 on a Horse (detail) 1890

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