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Comparative Sensory and Energetic Ecology of Sciaenid Fishes and Their Competitors in Chesapeake Bay, VA

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Comparative Sensory and Energetic Ecology of Sciaenid Fishes and Their Competitors in Chesapeake Bay, VA W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2009 Comparative sensory and energetic ecology of sciaenid fishes and their competitors in Chesapeake Bay, VA Andrij Z. Horodysky College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Horodysky, Andrij Z., "Comparative sensory and energetic ecology of sciaenid fishes and their competitors in Chesapeake Bay, VA" (2009). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539616699. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-wdtk-qy37 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMPARATIVE SENSORY AND ENERGETIC ECOLOGY OF SCIAENID FISHES AND THEIR COMPETITORS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, VA A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Andrij Zenon Horodysky 2009 APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved August 2009. q-:af.;;; Committee Chairman, co-Advisor Mark R. Patterson, Ph.D. '~-- Duke University Durham, NC ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my grandfather, John Zenon Horodysky, Ph. D., J.D. (1915-2002), who always made time to take me fishing and dreamed about seeing his grandson pursue a graduate education. 11l TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ xviii AUTHOR'S NOTE ....................................................................................................... xix INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2 Chesapeake Bay: A briefphysical and ecological overview ............................. 3 Sciaenid fishes of Chesapeake Bay ..................................................................... 5 Non-sciaenid competitors in Chesapeake Bay .................................................. II Rationale for proposed work ............................................................................ 14 Sensory ecology ................................................................................................ 14 Energetic ecology.............................................................................................. 16 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 17 TABLES .................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 1: Acoustic Pressure and Acceleration Thresholds in Six Sciaenid Fishes .............................................................................................................................. 27 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 28 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................... 30 Auditory brains tern response ....................................................................... 31 Statistical analyses ....................................................................................... 34 RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 36 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ 38 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 44 IV TABLES .................................................................................................................... 51 FIGURES ................................................................................................................... 59 CHAPTER 2: Comparative Visual Function in Five Sciaenid Fishes Inhabiting Chesapeake Bay ............................................................................................................. 65 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 66 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................... 69 Electroretinography (ERG) .................................................................... 70 Absolute (luminous) sensitivity ............................................................... 71 Temporal resolution ................................................................................ 72 Spectral (chromatic) sensitivity .............................................................. 72 Statistical analyses .................................................................................. 75 RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 78 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ 80 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 88 TABLES .................................................................................................................. 100 FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 104 CHAPTER 3: Comparative Visual Function of Four Piscivorous Fishes Inhabiting Chesapeake Bay .......................................................................................... 120 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 121 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................. 125 Electroretinography ................................................................................... 126 Statistical analyses ..................................................................................... 128 RESULTS ................................................................................................................ 130 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 132 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 140 v TABLES .................................................................................................................. 150 FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 154 CHAPTER 4: Comparative Metabolism in Sciaenid Fishes Common to Chesapeake Bay, VA ................................................................................................... 170 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 171 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................. 174 Husbandry .................................................................................................. 174 Automated intermittent flow respirometry (/FR) ....................................... 17 4 Resting metabolic rate (RMR) ................................................................... 175 Calculation ofV02 •...................................•.•.•.•...•.•....•..............•.•..•...•....•.. 176 RMR analyses ............................................................................................. 177 Active metabolic rate (AMR) ..................................................................... 178 RESULTS ................................................................................................................ 181 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 182 Resting metabolic rate (RMR) ................................................................... 182 Active metabolic rate (AMR) .................................................................... .184 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 189 TABLES .................................................................................................................. 197 FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 205 PROJECT CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ................................................... 126 Sciaenid audition ......................................................................................
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