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Synopsis of the Parasites of Fishes of Canada

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Synopsis of the Parasites of Fishes of Canada 1 ci Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada DFO - Library / MPO - Bibliothèque 12039476 Synopsis of the Parasites of Fishes of Canada BULLETIN 199 Ottawa 1979 '.^Y. Government of Canada Gouvernement du Canada * F sher es and Oceans Pëches et Océans Synopsis of thc Parasites orr Fishes of Canade Bulletins are designed to interpret current knowledge in scientific fields per- tinent to Canadian fisheries and aquatic environments. Recent numbers in this series are listed at the back of this Bulletin. The Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada is published in annual volumes of monthly issues and Miscellaneous Special Publications are issued periodically. These series are available from authorized bookstore agents, other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Que. K I A 0S9. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada. Editor and Director J. C. STEVENSON, PH.D. of Scientific Information Deputy Editor J. WATSON, PH.D. D. G. Co«, PH.D. Assistant Editors LORRAINE C. SMITH, PH.D. J. CAMP G. J. NEVILLE Production-Documentation MONA SMITH MICKEY LEWIS Department of Fisheries and Oceans Scientific Information and Publications Branch Ottawa, Canada K1A 0E6 BULLETIN 199 Synopsis of the Parasites of Fishes of Canada L. Margolis • J. R. Arthur Department of Fisheries and Oceans Resource Services Branch Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5K6 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS Ottawa 1979 0Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1979 Available from authorized bookstore agents, other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Que. Kl A 059. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada. A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada Canada: $12.95 Catalog No. Fs 94-199 Other countries: $15.55 ISBN 0-660-10272-2 ISSN 0068-7537 Price subject to change without notice Ottawa (version française disponible) Printed in Canada by Thorn Press Limited Contract No. 08KT FP802-9-0311 Contents EiBSTRACT/IZÉSUMÉ vi INTRODUCTION 1 PARASITE-HOST LIST 5 HOST-PARASITE LIST 147 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 220 REFERENCES 221 SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES 243 INDEx 247 v Abstract MARGOLIS, L., AND J. R. ARTHUR. 1979. Synopsis of the parasites of fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 199: 269 p. Published information on the parasites of Canadian fishes is assembled in two lists, Parasite- Host and Host—Parasite. Eight hundred and thirty named species of the following taxa have been reported: Protozoa (77 species), Myxosporida (92), Turbellaria (1), Monogenea (163), Trematoda (179), Cestoidea (93), Nematoda (58), Acanthocephala (26), Hirudinoidea (21), Mollusca (3), Branchiura (10), Copepoda (104), and Isopoda (3). Additionally there are many records of para- sites not identified 10 species level, including two species of Acarina. The Parasite—Host list is organized on a taxonomic basis and identifies for each parasite species its habitat (freshwater, marine, or brackish), site of occurrence (location) within the host, species of host(s), known geographic distribution in Canadian waters, and the published source of each host and locality record. The Host—Parasite list is organized according to taxonomy of the hosts and is accompanied by data on known distribution of the parasites. In addition to listing the cited references, a sup- plementary list of references is included to cover other Canadian literature on fish parasites. The work concludes with an index to parasites and hosts. Although taxonomie revision is not the aim of the synopsis, notes on taxonomy and nomenclature are included when appropriate and, of necessity, several new combinations and one new synonym are proposed. They are Prosorhyn- choides basargini (Layman, 1930) n.comb. for Bucephalopsis b.; Prosorhynchoides ozakii (Nagaty, 1937) n.comb. for Bucephalopsis o.; Prosorhynchoides pusilla (Stafford, 1904) n.comb. for Bucepha- lopsis p.,. Thynnascaris brachyura (Ward and Magath, 1917 sensu Van Cleave and Mueller, 1934) n.comb. for Contracaecum brachyurum; Thynnascaris magna (Smedley, 1934) n.comb for Contra- caecum mg.; Thynnascaris melanogrammi (Smedley, 1934) n.comb. for Contracaecum ml.; and Echinorhynchus ekbaumi Golvan, 1969 new synonym of E. gadi Zoega in 0. F. Müller, 1776. Résumé MARGOLIS, L., AND J. R. ARTHUR. 1979. Synopsis of the parasites of fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 199: 269 p. Les auteurs assemblent en deux listes, une des parasites—hôtes et l'autre, des hôtes—parasites, les renseignements publiés sur les parasites des poissons canadiens. On y donne 830 espèces nommées, appartenant aux taxa suivants: Protozoa (77 espèces), Myxosporida (92), Turbellaria (1), Monogenea (163), Trematoda (179), Cestoidea (93), Nematoda (58), Acanthocephala (26), Hirudinoidea (21), Mollusca (3), Branchiura (10), Copepoda (104) et Isopoda (3). On y rapporte aussi plusieurs signalements de parasites non identifiés au niveau de l'espèce, dont deux Acarina. La liste des parasites—hôtes est structurée sur base taxonomique et, pour chaque espèce parasite, indique l'habitat (eau douce, eau salée, eau saumâtre), la site d'occurrence (position) au sein de l'hôte, la ou les espèces d'hôtes, la répartition géographique connue dans les eaux canadiennes et la source imprimée pour chaque donnée de localité de chaque hôte. La liste des hôtes—parasites est ordonnée suivant la taxonomie des hôtes et accompagnée de données sur la répartition connue des parasites. En plus d'établir la liste des références citées, on donne une liste supplémentaire de la documentation canadienne sur les parasites des poissons. L'ouvrage se termine par un index des parasites et des hôtes. Bien que ce synopsis nt vise pas à une révision taxonomique, il inclut des notes sur la taxonomie et une nomenclature quand la chose semble appropriée, et a dû proposer plusieurs nouvelles combinaisons et un nouveau synonyme. Ce sont : Prosorhynchoides basargini (Layman, 1930) n.comb. pour Bucephalopsis b.; Prosorhynchoides ozakii (Nagaty, 1937) n.comb. pour Bucephalopsis o.; Prosorhynchoides pusilla (Stafford, 1904) n.comb. pour Bucepha- lopsis p.; Thynnascaris brachyura (Ward et Magath, 1917 sensu Van Cleave et Mueller, 1934) n.comb. pour Contracaecum brachyurum; Thynnascaris magna (Smedley, 1934) n.comb. pour Contracaecum mg.; Thynnascaris melanogrammi (Smedley, 1934) n.comb. pour Contracaecum ml.; et Echinorhynchus ekbaumi Golvan, 1969, nouveau synonyme de E. gadi Zoega dans O. F. Müller, 1776. vi Introduction Investigations on the parasites of Cana- extracted from numerous publications in the dian fishes date back at least a century primary scientific literature and from various (Margolis 1969). At first entirely faunal and "Report" series, such as Manuscript Reports taxonomic in nature, these investigations and Technical Reports of the Fisheries and later expanded to include various other Marine Service, Department of Fisheries and fundamental aspects of the biology of fish the Environment (formerly Manuscript and parasites, including life histories, ecology, Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research population biology, physiology, and bio- Board of Canada). Theses and annual chemistry. Applied studies have also had a reports of federal and provincial government prominent place in Canadian fish para- departments and of other institutions were sitology. Problems such as the presence of not searched, hence, some existing records parasites in edible fish products, fish- may have been omitted. However, because transmitted parasites of public health im- theses and material appearing in annual portance, parasitic diseases of fishes, and reports usually are published subsequently the use of parasites as biological tags all in the primary or "Report" literature, the have received increasing attention in recent number of omissions of particular host- years. Additionally, the current focus on parasite—locality- records are probably com- environmental issues has had its influence paratively few. on stimulating parasitological studies of fish, In providing references to the parasite- by creating a need for information on the host—locality data we have attempted to actual or potential detrimental effects of par- include only reports based on original rec- asites associated with real or proposed man- ords, but screening of all reports to ensure made changes in the aquatic environment. complete exclusion of repetitive records After 100 years of scattered investiga- based on the same material, particularly tions it is timely to consolidate the available by the same author, was deemed an un- information on the parasite fauna of Cana- profitable activity. Publications that do not dian fishes, to facilitate the work of future provide original parasite—host—locality rec- investigators. Indeed, such a summation ords but deal with some aspect of Canadian seems imperative as a basis for extending fish parasitology are compiled in a supple- studies of the biology of fish parasites and mentary list of references. of applied fish parasitology in Canada, as The paper by Sekerak and Arai (1977), these are dependent upon sound knowledge which contains a long list of parasites of the parasite fauna of fishes in Canadian recovered from 26 species of Sebastes col- waters. lected off the coasts of British Columbia Despite the
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