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Anatomical Overview
IKOdontogenetic infection is spreaded Možné projevy zlomenin a zánětů IKPossible signs of fractures or inflammations Submandibular space lies between the bellies of the digastric muscles, mandible, mylohyoid muscle and hyoglossus and styloglossus muscles IK IK IK IK IK Submandibulární absces Submandibular abscess IK Sběhlý submandibulární absces Submandibular abscess is getting down IK Submental space lies between the mylohyoid muscles and the investing layer of deep cervical fascia superficially IK IK Spatium peritonsillare IK IK Absces v peritonsilární krajině Abscess in peritonsilar region IK Fasciae Neck fasciae cervicales Demarcate spaces • fasciae – Superficial (investing): • f. nuchae, f. pectoralis, f. deltoidea • invests m. sternocleidomastoideus + trapezius • f. supra/infrahyoidea – pretrachealis (middle neck f.) • form Δ, invests infrahyoid mm. • vagina carotica (carotic sheet) – Prevertebral (deep cervical f.) • Covers scaleni mm. IK• Alar fascia Fascie Fascia cervicalis superficialis cervicales Fascia cervicalis media Fascia cervicalis profunda prevertebralis IKsuperficialis pretrachealis Neck spaces - extent • paravisceral space – Continuation of parafaryngeal space – Nervous and vascular neck bundle • retrovisceral space – Between oesophagus and prevertebral f. – Previsceral space – mezi l. pretrachealis a orgány – v. thyroidea inf./plx. thyroideus impar • Suprasternal space – Between spf. F. and pretracheal one IK– arcus venosus juguli 1 – sp. suprasternale suprasternal Spatia colli 2 – sp. pretracheale pretracheal 3 – -
MSS 1. a Patient Presented to a Traumatologist with a Trauma Of
MSS 1. A patient presented to a traumatologist with a trauma of shoulder. What wall of axillary cavity contains foramen trilaterum and foramen quadrilaterum? a) anterior b) posterior c) lateral d) medial e) intermediate 2. A patient presented to a traumatologist with a trauma of leg, which he had sustained at a sport competition. Upon examination, damage of posterior muscle, that is attached to calcaneus by its tendon, was found. This muscle is: a) triceps surae b) tibialis posterior c) popliteus d) fibularis longus e) fibularis brevis 3. In the course of a cesarean section, an incision was made in the pubic area and vagina of rectus abdominis muscle was cut. What does anterior wall of the vagina of rectus abdominis muscle consist of? A. aponeurosis of m. transversus abdominis, m. obliquus internus abdominis. B. aponeurosis of m. transversus abdominis, m. pyramidalis. C. aponeurosis of m. obliquus internus abdominis, m. obliquus externus abdominis. D. aponeurosis of m. transversus abdominis, m. obliquus externus abdominis. E. aponeurosis of m. transversus abdominis, m. obliquus internus abdominis 4. A 30 year-old woman complained of pain in the lower part of her forearm. Traumatologist found that her radio-carpal joint was damaged. This joint is: A. complex, ellipsoid B.simple, ellipsoid C.complex, cylindrical D.simple, cylindrical E.complex condylar 5. A woman was brought by an ambulance to the emergency department with a trauma of the cervical part of her vertebral column. Radiologist diagnosed a fracture of a nonbifid spinous processes of one of her cervical vertebrae. Spinous process of what cervical vertebra is fractured? A.VI. -
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Sumy State University 0
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Sumy State University 0 Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Sumy State University SPLANCHNOLOGY, CARDIOVASCULAR AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS STUDY GUIDE Recommended by the Academic Council of Sumy State University Sumy Sumy State University 2016 1 УДК 611.1/.6+612.1+612.017.1](072) ББК 28.863.5я73 С72 Composite authors: V. I. Bumeister, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; L. G. Sulim, Senior Lecturer; O. O. Prykhodko, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant; O. S. Yarmolenko, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant Reviewers: I. L. Kolisnyk – Associate Professor Ph. D., Kharkiv National Medical University; M. V. Pogorelov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Sumy State University Recommended for publication by Academic Council of Sumy State University as а study guide (minutes № 5 of 10.11.2016) Splanchnology Cardiovascular and Immune Systems : study guide / С72 V. I. Bumeister, L. G. Sulim, O. O. Prykhodko, O. S. Yarmolenko. – Sumy : Sumy State University, 2016. – 253 p. This manual is intended for the students of medical higher educational institutions of IV accreditation level who study Human Anatomy in the English language. Посібник рекомендований для студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів IV рівня акредитації, які вивчають анатомію людини англійською мовою. УДК 611.1/.6+612.1+612.017.1](072) ББК 28.863.5я73 © Bumeister V. I., Sulim L G., Prykhodko О. O., Yarmolenko O. S., 2016 © Sumy State University, 2016 2 Hippocratic Oath «Ὄμνυμι Ἀπόλλωνα ἰητρὸν, καὶ Ἀσκληπιὸν, καὶ Ὑγείαν, καὶ Πανάκειαν, καὶ θεοὺς πάντας τε καὶ πάσας, ἵστορας ποιεύμενος, ἐπιτελέα ποιήσειν κατὰ δύναμιν καὶ κρίσιν ἐμὴν ὅρκον τόνδε καὶ ξυγγραφὴν τήνδε. -
Neck Formation and Growth. MAIN TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS in NECK
Neck formation and growth. MAIN TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS IN NECK. ANATOMICAL BACKGROUND FOR URGENT LIFE SAVING PERFORMANCES. orofac Ivo Klepáček orofac Vymezení oblasti krku Extent of the neck region Sensitivní oblasti V1, V2, V3., plexus cervicalis orofac * * * * * orofac** * orofac orofac orofaccranial middle caudal orofac orofac Clinical classification of neck lymph nodes orofacClinical classification of neck lymphatic nodes: I - VI Nodi lymphatici out of regiones above: Perifacial, periparotic, retroauricular, suboccipital, retropharyngeal Metastasa v krčních uzlinách Metastasis in cervical orofaclymphonodi TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS orofacand SPACES Regio colli anterior anterior neck triangle Trigonae : submentale, submandibulare, caroticum (musculare), regio suprasternalis Triangles : submental, submandibular, carotic (muscular), orofacsuprasternal region podkožní sval na povrchové krční fascii r. colli nervi facialis ovládá napětí kůže krku Platysma orofac proc. mastoideus manubrium sterni, clavicula Sternocleidomastoid m. n.accessorius (XI) + branches sternocleidomastoideus from plexus cervicalis orofac Punctum nervosum (Erb ´s point) : there C5 and C6 nerves are connected, + branches from suprascapulari and subclavian nerves orofacWilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840 - 1921), German neurologist orofac orofac mm. suprahyoid suprahyoidei and et mm. infrahyoid orofacinfrahyoidei muscles orofac Thyroid gland and vascular + nerve bundle in neck orofac orofac Žíly veins orofac štítná žláza příštitné orofactělísko a. thyroidea inferior n. laryngeus inferior -
Clinical Anatomy of the Neck Region
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY "NICOLAE TESTEMIȚANU" DEPARTMENT TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY Gheorghe GUZUN, Radu TURCHIN, Boris TOPOR, Serghei SUMAN CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK REGION Methodical recommendations for students CHISINAU, 2017 CZU 611.93(076.5) C 57 Lucrarea a fost aprobată de Consiliul Metodic Central al USMF “Nicolae Testemițanu”; proces-verbal nr. 2 din 10.03.2017 Autori: Gheorghe GUZUN – dr. med, conf. univ. Radu TURCHIN – dr.șt.med., conf. univ. Boris TOPOR – dr.hab.șt.med., prof. univ. Serghei SUMAN – dr.hab.șt.med., conf. univ. Recenzenți: Ilia catereniuc – dr.hab.șt.med., prof. univ. Nicolae Fruntașu – dr.hab.șt.med., prof. univ. Machetare: Serghei Suman – dr.hab.șt.med., conf. univ. DESCRIEREA CIP A CAMEREI NAȚIONALE A CĂRȚII Clinical anatomy of the neck region : Methodical recommendations for students / Gheorghe Guzun, Radu Turchin, Boris Topor [et al.] ; State Univ. of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemiţanu", Dep. Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery. – Chişinău : S. n., 2017 (Tipogr. "Print-Caro"). – 52 p. : fig. 100 ex. ISBN 978-9975-56-466-3. 611.93(076.5) C 57 ISBN 978-9975-56-466-3. CEP Medicina, 2017 Gheorghe Guzun, Radu Turchin, Viorel Nacu, Boris Topor, 2017. © Gheorghe Guzun, 2017 CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK The upper limit of the neck (cefalocervical limit) is a conventional line that crosses the lower jaw (basis of mandible) and its angle, the bottom of the external auditory canal, the apex of mastoid process (procesuus mastoideus) and superior nuchal line (linea nuchae superior) to the external occipital protuberance (occipitalis external protuberance). -
Fascia and Spaces on the Neck: Myths and Reality Fascije I Prostori Vrata: Mit I Stvarnost
Review/Pregledni članak Fascia and spaces on the neck: myths and reality Fascije i prostori vrata: mit i stvarnost Georg Feigl* Institute of Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Abstract. The ongoing discussion concerning the interpretation of existing or not existing fas- ciae on the neck needs a clarification and a valid terminology. Based on the dissection experi- ence of the last four decades and therefore of about 1000 cadavers, we investigated the fas- cias and spaces on the neck and compared it to the existing internationally used terminology and interpretations of textbooks and publications. All findings were documented by photog- raphy and the dissections performed on cadavers embalmed with Thiel´s method. Neglected fascias, such as the intercarotid fascia located between both carotid sheaths and passing be- hind the visceras or the Fascia cervicalis media as a fascia between the two omohyoid mus- cles, were dissected on each cadaver. The ”Danger space” therefore was limited by fibrous walls on four sides at level of the carotid triangle. Ventrally there was the intercarotid fascia, laterally the alar fascia, and dorsally the prevertebral fascia. The intercarotid fascia is a clear fibrous wall between the Danger Space and the ventrally located retropharyngeal space. Lat- ter space has a continuation to the pretracheal space which is ventrally limited by the middle cervical fascia. The existence of an intercarotid fascia is crucial for a correct interpretation of any bleeding or inflammation processes, because it changes the topography of the existing spaces such as the retropharyngeal or “Danger space” as well. As a consequence, the existing terminology should be discussed and needs to be adapted. -
Topographic Anatomy of the Head
O. V. Korencov, G. F. Tkach TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE HEAD Study guide Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Ministry of Health of Ukraine Sumy State University O. V. Korencov, G. F. Tkach TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE HEAD Study guide Recommended by Academic Council of Sumy State University Sumy Sumy State University 2016 УДК 611.91(075.3) ББК 54.54я73 K66 Reviewers: L. V. Phomina – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after M. I. Pirogov; M. V. Pogorelov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Sumy State University Recommended for publication by Academic Council of Sumy State University as а study guide (minutes № 5 of 11.02.2016) Korencov O. V. K66 Topographic anatomy of the head : study guide / O. V. Korencov, G. F. Tkach. – Sumy : Sumy State University, 2016. – 81 р. ISBN 978-966-657-607-4 This manual is intended for the students of medical higher educational institutions of IV accreditation level, who study Human Anatomy in the English language. Посібник рекомендований для студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів IV рівня акредитації, які вивчають анатомію людини англійською мовою. УДК 611.91(075.3) ББК 54.54я73 © Korencov O. V., Tkach G. F., 2016 ISBN 978-966-657-607-4 © Sumy State University, 2016 TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE HEAD The head is subdivided into two following departments: the brain and facialohes. They are shared by line from the glabella to the supraorbital edge along the zygomatic arch to the outer ear canal. The brain part consists of fornix and base of the skull. The fornix is divided into fronto- parieto-occipital region, paired temporal and mastoid area. -
Atlas of Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of The
Contents Cover Title page Copyright page About the Author Introduction Part 1: The Head Topographic Anatomy of the Head Cerebral Cranium Basis Cranii Interna The Brain Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Disorders Pathotopography of the Cerebral Part of the Head Facial Head Region The Lymphatic System of the Head Congenital Face Disorders Pathotopography of Facial Part of the Head Part 2: The Neck Topographic Anatomy of the Neck Fasciae, Superficial and Deep Cellular Spaces and their Relationship with Spaces Adjacent Regions (Fig. 37) Reflex Zones Triangles of the Neck Organs of the Neck (Fig. 50–51) Pathography of the Neck Topography of the neck Appendix A Appendix B End User License Agreement Guide 1. Cover 2. Copyright 3. Contents 4. Begin Reading List of Illustrations Chapter 1 Figure 1 Vessels and nerves of the head. Figure 2 Layers of the frontal-parietal-occipital area. Figure 3 Regio temporalis. Figure 4 Mastoid process with Shipo’s triangle. Figure 5 Inner cranium base. Figure 6 Medial section of head and neck Figure 7 Branches of trigeminal nerve Figure 8 Scheme of head skin innervation. Figure 9 Superficial head formations. Figure 10 Branches of the facial nerve Figure 11 Cerebral vessels. MRI. Figure 12 Cerebral vessels. Figure 13 Dural venous sinuses Figure 14 Dural venous sinuses. MRI. Figure 15 Dural venous sinuses Figure 16 Venous sinuses of the dura mater Figure 17 Bleeding in the brain due to rupture of the aneurism Figure 18 Types of intracranial hemorrhage Figure 19 Different types of brain hematomas Figure 20 Orbital muscles, vessels and nerves. Topdown view, Figure 21 Orbital muscles, vessels and nerves. -
Acute Phlegmonous Esophagitis As a Complication of Retropharyngeal Abscess
臨床耳鼻：第 29 卷 第 1 號 2018 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• J Clinical Otolaryngol 2018;29:119-122 증 례 Acute Phlegmonous Esophagitis as a Complication of Retropharyngeal Abscess Sang Hoon Lee, MD1, Jinchoon Lee, MD, PhD2, Geun Hyung Park, MD1 and Soo Kweon Koo, MD, PhD1 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Busan Saint Mary’s Hospital, Busan; and 2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea - ABSTRACT - Phlegmon refers to a spreading diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with formation of an exudate or pus. Phlegmonous infections may affect any region of the gastrointestinal tract. The stomach is the region most fre- quently involved; infections at other sites have been but rarely reported. Acute phlegmonous esophagitis is a very rare disease involving both the submucosal and muscular layers of the esophagus, with sparing of the mu- cosal layer. Acute esophageal esophagitis is commonly associated with acute phlegmonous gastritis; any asso- ciation with a deep neck infection is very rare. We report herein a case of acute phlegmonous esophagitis devel- oping as a complication of a retropharyngeal abscess treated via incision and drainage and prescription of long- term antibiotics. Thus, we did not perform esophageal surgery. We also review the relevant literature. (J Clinical Otolaryngol 2018;29:119-122) KEY WORDS：Retropharyngeal abscessㆍEsophagitisㆍAirway obstruction. the rarity of the condition, neither the pathogenesis Introduction nor the clinical manifestations of acute phlegmonous esophagitis have been elucidated. The predisposing A deep neck infection can potentially affect the spac- factors are diverse, including immunocompromised es within, and the fascial compartment of, the head status, alcoholism, diabetes, peptic ulcer disease, and and neck. -
Cervical Fascia 19
Index 1. General Anatomy 2. Development of the Head and Neck 3. Osteology 4. Basic Neuroanatomy and Cranial Nerves 5. The Neck 6. Scalp and Muscles of Facial Expression 7. Parotid Bed and Gland 8. Temporal and Infratemporal Fossae 9. Muscles of Mastication 10. Temporomandibular Joint 11. Pterygopalatine Fossa 12. Nose and Nasal Cavity 13. Paranasal Sinuses 14. Oral Cavity 15. Tongue 16. Pharynx 17. Larynx 18. Cervical Fascia 19. Ear 20. Eye and Orbit 21. Autonomics of the Head and Neck 22. Intraoral Injections General Anatomy 1. 2nd State of deglutition is characterized by: (A) Elevation of larynx (B) Momentory apnea (C) Paristalsis of pharyngoesophageal sphincter (D) Relaxation of pharyngeal constrictors Answer: A 2. Abduction of eyeball is by the action of (A) Lateral rectus, superior oblique and inferior oblique (B) Medial rectus, superior rectus and inferior rectus (C) Superior oblique and superior rectus (D) Inferior oblique and inferior rectus Answer: A 3. Abductors of Larynx are: (A) Posterior crico arytenoids (B) Trenasverse arytenoids (C) Arytenoid Cricothyroid (D) All Answer: A 4. All are paranasal sinuses except: (A) Maxillary (B) Sphenoidal (C) Covernous (D) Ethmoidal. Answer: C 5. All are true about emissary veins of scalp except: (A) Valveless (B) Connect extracranial veins with intracranial venous sinuses (C) Principal vein of scalp (D) Present in loose areolar tissue Answer: C 6. All are true about mandibular nerve except: (A) Sensory branch arises from anterior trunk (B) Supplies muscles of mastication by main trunk (C) Buccal nerve innervates buccinator muscle (D) Nerve to medial pterygoid arises from main trunk Answer: B 7. -
Histology of the Human Carotid Sheath Revisited
Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 84(2): 49–60, August, 2007 Histology of the Human Carotid Sheath Revisited By Shogo HAYASHI Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan – Received for Publication, March 26, 2007 – Key Words: Carotid sheath, Cervical fasciae, Prevertebral lamina, Alar fascia Summary: Using semiserial sections, we histologically observed the carotid sheath and adjacent structures in 8 sides of 5 cadavers. For description, we classified the carotid sheath into 2 parts or laminae: 1) a laminar ‘‘adventitia’’ enclosing each of the cervical great vessels; and 2) a ‘‘common sheath’’ outside the adventitia. Arterial and venous adventitial structures sometimes fused and provided a definite septum between the artery and vein. Contrasting with previous de- scriptions, the common sheath did not fuse with superficial or prethracheal lamina of the cervical fasciae, but often fused with visceral fascia to provide a thick plate. The common sheath as well as the prevertebral lamina of the cervical fasciae sometimes became interrupted or unclear, but the adventitia was consistently complete circular. The alar fascia was usually considered as one layer of the multilaminar structure behind the cervical viscera, but it was difficult to identify as a single proper lamina. The carotid sheath was thus not a dissection artifact, but a definite histological structure. However, interindividual and/or site-dependent variations were evident in thicknesses of the adventitia and common sheath. Consequently, the author proposed a model of the fascial arrangement around cervical great vessels that unexpectedly differs from most descriptions in textbooks. According to textbooks of human anatomy cal or anatomical dissection. -
Test Tasks for the Preparation of the Section "Digestive System" 1 the Cheek (Bucca) Contains: Skin Buccinator (M
Test tasks for the preparation of the section "Digestive system" 1 The cheek (bucca) contains: skin buccinator (m. buccinator) masseter (m. masseter) buccal fat pad (corpus adiposum buccae) mucosa (tunica mucosa) 2 The inferior wall of the oral cavity (cavitas oris) includes: hyoglossus (m. hyoglossus) sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis) posterior belly of the digastric (venter posterior m. digastrici) geniohyoid (m. geniohyoideus) mylohyoid (m. mylohyoideus) 3 The walls of the oral cavity proper (cavitas oris propria) are represented by: lips (labia oris) gums (gingivae) cheeks (buccae) teeth (dentes) palate (palatum) 4 The walls of the oral vestibule (vestibulum oris) include: palate (palatum) teeth (dentes) lips (labia oris) cheeks gums (gingivae) 5 In the oral vestibule (vestibulum oris) open: oral fissure (rima oris) sublingual duct (ductus sublingualis) submandibular duct (ductus submandibularis) parotid duct (ductus parotideus) fauces (fauces) 6 In the oral cavity proper (cavitas oris propria) open: palatine glands (glandulae palatinae) sublingual ducts (ductus sublinguales) submandibular ducts (ductus submandibulares) parotid ducts (ductus parotidei) buccal glands (glandulae buccales) 7 Formula of deciduous teeth (dentes decidui): "1 0 2 2 " "2 1 0 2" "2 0 1 2" "1 1 2 1" "2 0 2 1 " 8 Formula of permanent teeth (dentes permanentes): "2 1 3 2 " "1 2 2 3" "2 1 2 3" "1 2 3 2 " "2 2 1 3" 9 Each tooth has: body (corpus) cervix (collum) crown (corona) pulp cavity (cavitas dentis) root (radix dentis) 10 Hard tooth tissues are: pulp