Recidivism for Individuals Sentenced to Probation in New York State

The Recidivism for Individuals Sentenced to Probation Report details arrest, conviction and incarceration data for individuals who were sentenced to probation.

Cohort

This report analyzes the recidivism of individuals sentenced to probation from 2010 through 2018 for criminal convictions or Youthful Offender (YO) adjudications stemming from arrests for misdemeanor or felony offenses that required fingerprints to be taken.

• An individual may be counted in multiple cohort years but within each year, an individual is only counted once for their first probation sentence.

• An individual sentenced to “jail and probation”, also known as a split sentence, is included in the cohort based on the start date of their probation sentence.

Note: State law details the types of crimes that require fingerprints to be taken upon arrest (see CPL Article 160). YO status is granted by the court and results in a conviction being sealed and only available under limited circumstances (see CPL Article 720).

Outcome Measures

This report tracks arrests, convictions and incarceration that occurred after the probation start date. Follow-up periods range from one to five years, with earlier cohorts having longer follow-up windows.

Recidivism Types

• Arrest: Any arrest for felony or misdemeanor offense requiring fingerprints to be taken within the follow-up period. • Conviction: Any arrest as defined above within the follow-up period that resulted in a conviction or YO adjudication. To allow for case processing time, conviction rates are not presented for the two most recent cohort years. • Incarceration: Any criminal conviction or YO adjudication as defined above that resulted in a term of incarceration: prison, jail, jail + probation, or time served.

Individuals may have multiple recidivism events during the follow-up periods, but each person is only counted once for each recidivism type within each cohort.

Offense Types

Misdemeanor or Felony: Any misdemeanor or felony offense in state law that requires fingerprints to be taken upon arrest.

Felony offenses: Any felony level offense.

Violent Felony: Any felony offense included in state Penal Law Section 70.02, and Class A violent felonies.

Note: This report replaces the Probationer Felony Re-Arrest Rates Following Sentence to Probation Report. It uses updated data and methodology and as a result, comparisons should not be drawn between the data in each report. Schenectady Recidivism

Recidivism for Individuals Sentenced to Probation Schenectady Arrest

Arrested for Felony or Misdemeanor Offenses Dispo. Yr Cohort N 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 2010 327 23.9% 34.9% 43.1% 48.6% 52.0% 2011 309 25.9% 36.2% 44.0% 49.2% 53.4% 2012 359 27.3% 37.0% 42.1% 47.6% 51.5% 2013 331 24.8% 36.3% 45.6% 51.7% 55.6% 2014 330 23.9% 29.7% 37.6% 43.9% 47.6% 2015 263 20.2% 33.1% 43.3% 51.0% 2016 267 24.3% 34.8% 40.4% 2017 220 24.1% 38.2% 2018 247 29.6%

Arrested for Felony Offenses Dispo. Yr Cohort N 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 2010 327 12.5% 19.0% 25.4% 28.7% 30.6% 2011 309 12.6% 15.5% 19.4% 25.9% 28.5% 2012 359 13.1% 18.1% 21.2% 25.6% 30.4% 2013 331 9.7% 16.3% 22.7% 27.8% 31.1% 2014 330 7.9% 12.7% 18.2% 24.8% 27.6% 2015 263 8.0% 16.7% 22.8% 27.4% 2016 267 10.9% 18.0% 22.5% 2017 220 11.8% 21.4% 2018 247 13.8%

Arrested for Violent Felony Offenses (incl. VFO like Class A-1) Dispo. Yr Cohort N 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 2010 327 4.6% 6.4% 10.1% 11.0% 11.9% 2011 309 4.2% 5.8% 6.8% 8.7% 11.0% 2012 359 3.9% 5.8% 7.0% 8.6% 10.9% 2013 331 2.4% 5.7% 7.3% 9.4% 10.0% 2014 330 2.4% 3.3% 5.2% 8.2% 9.4% 2015 263 2.7% 4.6% 6.8% 8.4% 2016 267 4.5% 6.0% 6.7% 2017 220 3.6% 6.8% 2018 247 2.8% Schenectady Recidivism

Recidivism for Individuals Sentenced to Probation Schenectady Conviction

Conviction of Felony or Misdemeanor Offenses Dispo. Yr Cohort N 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 2010 327 14.4% 22.0% 29.1% 31.5% 35.8% 2011 309 13.3% 19.1% 24.9% 30.4% 32.7% 2012 359 15.6% 23.4% 26.7% 31.5% 35.7% 2013 331 12.7% 21.8% 29.9% 34.1% 36.9% 2014 330 13.3% 18.2% 23.0% 29.1% 2015 263 12.2% 18.6% 24.3% 2016 267 16.1% 22.8%

Conviction of Felony Offenses Dispo. Yr Cohort N 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 2010 327 5.2% 8.0% 10.4% 11.6% 14.4% 2011 309 4.5% 5.8% 8.7% 11.0% 12.9% 2012 359 6.7% 8.6% 10.6% 13.4% 16.4% 2013 331 4.2% 6.9% 10.3% 13.9% 16.3% 2014 330 3.0% 5.5% 7.9% 12.1% 2015 263 3.8% 6.5% 9.5% 2016 267 4.1% 7.9%

Conviction of Violent Felony Offenses (incl. VFO like Class A-1) Dispo. Yr Cohort N 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 2010 327 2.1% 2.8% 3.4% 3.7% 4.9% 2011 309 1.9% 2.3% 3.2% 3.2% 3.9% 2012 359 1.1% 1.7% 2.8% 4.2% 4.2% 2013 331 0.3% 0.9% 1.8% 2.4% 2.7% 2014 330 0.6% 0.9% 1.5% 3.0% 2015 263 1.1% 2.7% 3.4% 2016 267 1.1% 2.2%

Conviction Leading to Incarceration Dispo. Yr Cohort N 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 2010 327 10.4% 15.3% 21.7% 23.2% 26.6% 2011 309 10.4% 13.6% 17.8% 21.4% 23.6% 2012 359 13.1% 18.4% 22.0% 24.8% 27.6% 2013 331 10.9% 16.0% 22.4% 25.4% 27.8% 2014 330 11.2% 15.2% 18.8% 24.5% 2015 263 9.1% 14.8% 19.0% 2016 267 13.9% 19.5%