Sexual Offender Registration and Monitoring Program Rules
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Sex Offender Registration Statutes: Impact on Addressing Sexual Abuse in Custodial Settings
WHITE PAPER: DO NOT Distribute, Copy or Reproduce without permission from the authors LEGAL RESPONSES TO SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN CUSTODY Sex Offender Registration Statutes: Impact on Addressing Sexual Abuse in Custodial Settings Brenda V. Smith and Mary E. Pavlik The Project on Addressing Prison Rape American University, Washington College of Law www.wcl.american.edu/endsilence 1 WHITE PAPER: DO NOT Distribute, Copy or Reproduce without permission from the authors LEGAL RESPONSES TO SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN CUSTODY Sex Offender Registration Statutes: Impact on Addressing Sexual Abuse in Custodial Settings AUTHORS: Brenda V. Smith Professor of Law Director The Project on Addressing Prison Rape The Washington College of Law 4801 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington DC, 20016 Phone: 202-274-4261 Fax: 202-274-4182 [email protected] Mary E. Pavlik, Esq. Legal Consultant The Project on Addressing Prison Rape The Washington College of Law 4801 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington DC, 20016 2 WHITE PAPER: DO NOT Distribute, Copy or Reproduce without permission from the authors Copyright © 2012 for the National Institute of Corrections by Brenda V. Smith and Mary E. Pavlik Disclaimer: This publication was prepared under cooperative agreement 06S20GJ1 from the National Institute of Corrections, U.S. Department of Justice and The Project on Addressing Prison Rape. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official opinion or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from The Project on Addressing Prison Rape. -
Improving Recidivism As a Performance Measure Ryan King Brian Elderbroom Washington State Offender Accountability Act of 1999
Improving Recidivism as a Performance Measure Ryan King Brian Elderbroom Washington State Offender Accountability Act of 1999 Goal: “reduce the risk of reoffending by offenders in the community” Legislation calls for Department of Corrections to: • Classify supervised individuals based on risk of reoffending and severity of prior criminal offending • Shift resources toward higher-risk persons Washington Recidivism Rates Source: Washington State Institute for Public Policy Establishing Metrics for Success and Assessing Results Why measure correctional performance? • Understand the outcomes of funding and policy decisions • Assess the effectiveness of justice agencies at reducing reoffending • Provide the best return on taxpayer investments Most Common Correctional Performance Measure: Recidivism The Good: • Correctional interventions (prison, community supervision) are supposed to reduce reoffending, so recidivism is a natural metric for success The Bad: • Frequently a single-indicator, which doesn’t allow for policy-relevant comparisons across groups • Irregularly collected • Presented absent context Four Steps to Make Recidivism a Meaningful Performance Measure Define Collect Analyze Disseminate Definition Use Multiple Measures of Success Desistance Severity Time to failure Behavior Change Time to Failure (Delaware) Percent Rearrested 2008 2009 2010 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 6 12 18 24 36 Months from prison release Collection Develop Protocols to Ensure Data Are Consistent, Accurate, and Timely Assign unique identifiers Develop long-term records Collect contextual information Update change in status Photo: Flickr/Kevin Dl Breaking Recidivism Down by Policy- Relevant Factors (Colorado) 3-year return to prison rates for 2010 release cohort Analysis Account for Underlying Composition of the Prison Population Photo: Flickr/Thomas Hawk Photo: Flickr/Thomas Hawk Remember that Washington Story from Earlier . -
249 Subpart C—Director, Secretary of the Navy Council of Review Boards and President Naval Discharge Review Board; Re- Sponsib
Department of the Navy, DoD § 724.302 § 724.223 NDRB support and aug- can presume the truth of such facts, mentation by regular and reserve unless there is a substantial credible activities. evidence to rebut this presumption; or (a) When an NDRB Panel travels for (2) If the discharge in lieu of court- the purpose of conducting hearings, it martial only required a valid preferral, shall normally select Navy or Marine the NDRB may presume that the signer Corps installations in the area visited either had personal knowledge of, or as review sites. had investigated the matters set forth, (b) The NDRB Traveling Board shall and that the charges were true in fact normally consist of members from the to the best of the signer’s knowledge NCPB and augmentees from regular and belief. 1 The weight to be given this and reserve Navy and Marine Corps presumption in determining whether sources, as required. the facts stated in the charge sheet are (c) Navy and Marine Corps activities true is a matter to be determined by in the geographical vicinity of selected the NDRB. To the extent that the dis- review sites shall provide administra- charge proceeding reflects an official tive support and augmentation to an determination that the facts stated in NDRB Panel during its visit where the charge sheet are true; that the ap- such assistance can be undertaken plicant/accused admitted the facts without interference with mission ac- stated in the charge sheet; or that the complishment. The NDRB shall coordi- applicant/accused admitted guilt of the nate requests for augmentees and ad- offense(s), then the presumption is ministrative support through Com- strengthened. -
Privatizing Probation and Parole
Privatizing Probation and Parole by Morgan O. Reynolds NCPA Policy Report No. 233 June 2000 ISBN #1-56808-089-1 web site: www.ncpa.org/studies/s233/s233.html National Center for Policy Analysis 12655 N. Central Expwy., Suite 720 Dallas, Texas 75243 (972) 386-6272 Executive Summary One out of fifty adults free on the streets today is a convicted criminal released on probation or parole. That’s 4.1 million people “under government supervision,” and a majority are convicted felons. Some 50,000 government bureaucrats supervise these probationers and parolees. The probation and parole systems have many problems, especially the fact that many of those released commit loathsome crimes. ● Criminals under government supervision commit 15 murders a day. ● Nearly four out of 10 people arrested for a felony crime are already out on probation, parole or pretrial release from a prior conviction or arrest. ● One in 10 probationers and parolees “abscond.” This year state and federal prisons will release 600,000 convicts, 38 percent more than in 1990, because of the enormous increase in the prison population over the last decade. Most are released on parole or other supervision because they have not served their full sentence. The probation and parole systems could be made more effective and efficient by enlisting the private sector. Those released on probation (nonincarceration) or released early from prison could be required to post a financial bond guaranteeing behavior in accord with terms of the release. If individual accountability is the answer to crime, then it must include the most powerful kind of accountability: financial responsibility. -
Commitment After Acquittal on Grounds of Insanity M
Maryland Law Review Volume 22 | Issue 4 Article 3 Commitment After Acquittal On Grounds of Insanity M. Albert Figinski Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr Part of the Criminal Procedure Commons Recommended Citation M. A. Figinski, Commitment After Acquittal On Grounds of Insanity, 22 Md. L. Rev. 293 (1962) Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr/vol22/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Journals at DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maryland Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1962] COMMITMENT AFTER ACQUITTAL 293 COMMITMENT AFTER ACQUITIAL ON GROUJND'S OF INS'ANITYt By M. ALBERT FIGINsKI* I. THE PROCEDURES OF CRIMINAL COMMITMENT GENERALLY "Jurors, in common with people in general, are aware of the meanings of verdicts of guilty and not guilty. It is common knowledge that a verdict of not guilty means that the prisoner goes free and that a verdict of guilty means that he is subject to such punishment as the court may impose. But a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity has no such commonly understood meaning."' This lack of knowledge can logically result from two factors. One, the verdict is a rare one in our society, given the state of extreme dementation required by the "right and wrong test" to acquit. Second, unlike the verdicts of guilty and not guilty which have the same meaning and effect throughout Anglo-American jurisprudence, the meaning and effect of a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity are dependent upon statutes and vary among the states. -
Revocation of Probation and Supervised Release | October 2004
OFFICE OF DEFENDER SERVICES TRAINING BRANCH Administrative Office of the United States Courts One Columbus Circle, NE, Suite G-430 Washington, DC 20544 (800) 788-9908 www.fd.org REVOCATION OF PROBATION AND SUPERVISED RELEASE Frances H. Pratt* October 2004 INTRODUCTION This outline addresses revocation of probation and supervised release. Revocation of probation and revocation of supervised release are, in many ways, treated identically. See, e.g.,Fed.R. Crim. P. 32.1 (entitled “Revocationor Modification of Probation or Supervised Release”); U.S.S.G. Ch. 7, Pt. B (entitled “Probation and Supervised Release Violations”); id. intro. comment. (“Because these policy statements focus on the violation of the court-ordered supervision, this chapter, to the extent permitted by law, treats violations of the conditions of probation and supervised release as functionally equivalent.”). However, the statutory provisions concerning sentencing for each differ in some significant ways. Consequently, this outline is organized as follows: Part I addresses the issues common to both revocationof probation and revocation of supervised release. Part II focuses on those issues peculiar to probation revocation, and Part III onthose issues peculiar to supervised release revocation. (For another take on many of the same issues, see U.S. Sentencing Commission, Office of General Counsel, Probation and Supervised Release Violations (February2002),available at http://www.ussc.gov/training/educat.htm; for an article written for probation officers, see David N. Adair, Jr., Revocation Sentences: A Practical Guide, Fed. Probation, Dec. 2000, at 67.) * Ms. Pratt was a staff attorney with the Defender Services Division Training Branch from July 1995 to March2002. -
Probation in the United States
robation Part I P Editor’s note: This is the first part of a two part article. Part two of this article will appear in the Perspectives Summer 1998 issue. robation is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the United States. It is commonly defined as: A court-ordered disposition alternative through which an adjudicated offender is placed under the control, supervi- in sionP and care of a probation staff member in lieu of imprisonment, so long as the probationer meets certain standards of contact (American Correctional Association 1995). The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that just over 3 million adults were under state or federal probation at year-end 1995, and that probationers make up 58 percent of all adults under correctional supervision (BJS 1996). In fact, the number of persons on probation is so large that the U.S. Department of Justice estimates that, on any one day, nearly 2 percent of all U.S. adult citizens are under probation supervision. And the the population continues to rise—increasing 4 percent in 1994, and almost 300 per- cent over the past ten years (BJS 1996). Despite its wide usage, probation is often the subject of intense criticism. It suffers from a “soft on crime” image, and as a result, maintains little public support. Probation is often depicted as permissive, uncaring about crime victims, and blindly advocating a rehabilitative ideal while ignoring the reality of violent, predatory criminals. Their poor (and some believe, misunderstood) public image leaves them unable to compete effectively for scarce public funds. Nationally, community corrections re- United ceives less than 10 percent of state and local government expenditures for corrections, even though they supervise two out of three correctional clients (Petersilia 1995b). -
Case Law Update, March 2019
Sex Offender Registration and Notification in the United States Current Case Law and Issues March 2019 Sex Offender Registration and Notification in the United States: Current Case Law and Issues March 2019 Contents I. Overview of U.S. Sex Offender Registration ......................................................................... 1 Registration is a Local Activity ................................................................................................. 1 Federal Minimum Standards ................................................................................................... 1 National Sex Offender Public Website ..................................................................................... 1 Federal Law Enforcement Databases ...................................................................................... 2 Federal Corrections ................................................................................................................. 3 Federal Law Enforcement and Investigations......................................................................... 3 II. Who Is Required to Register? .......................................................................................... 3 ‘Conviction’ .............................................................................................................................. 3 ‘Sex Offenders’ ......................................................................................................................... 4 ‘Catch-All’ Provisions ............................................................................................................. -
The Constitutionality of Strict Liability in Sex Offender Registration Laws
THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF STRICT LIABILITY IN SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS ∗ CATHERINE L. CARPENTER INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 296 I. STATUTORY RAPE ............................................................................... 309 A. The Basics.................................................................................... 309 B. But the Victim Lied and Why it Is Irrelevant: Examining Strict Liability in Statutory Rape........................................................... 315 C. The Impact of Lawrence v. Texas on Strict Liability................... 321 II. A PRIMER ON SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS AND THE STRICT LIABILITY OFFENDER.............................................................. 324 A. A Historical Perspective.............................................................. 324 B. Classification Schemes ................................................................ 328 C. Registration Requirements .......................................................... 331 D. Community Notification Under Megan’s Law............................. 336 III. CHALLENGING THE INCLUSION OF STRICT LIABILITY STATUTORY RAPE IN SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION.............................................. 338 A. General Principles of Constitutionality Affecting Sex Offender Registration Laws........................................................................ 323 1. The Mendoza-Martinez Factors............................................. 338 2. Regulation or -
A Study of the Sex Offender Sentencing, Registration, and Management System Connecticut Sentencing Commission
2017 A Study of the Sex Offender Sentencing, Registration, and Management System Connecticut Sentencing Commission A Study of the Sex Offender Sentencing, Registration, and Management System Connecticut Sentencing Commission Report to the Judiciary Committee of the Connecticut General Assembly, pursuant to Special Act 15-2, § 1 Submitted: December 2017 Alex Tsarkov Executive Director Mary M. Janicki Renee LaMark Muir Meghan B. Peterson Gustaf Marks-Hamilton Richard A. Bensics 185 Main Street, Room 212 New Britain, Connecticut 06051 Tel: 860-832-1852 Fax: 860-832-0071 http://www.ct.gov/ctsc TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements…..1 Connecticut Sentencing Commission Members…..2 Executive Summary…..3 I. Recommendations…..5 A. Registry Proposal…..5 1. Current Law 2. Prospective Changes to the Registry 3. Retroactive Changes to the Registry 4. Further Details B. Additional Recommendations…..12 II. Overview…..15 A. Legislation Requiring This Study…..15 B. Subcommittees…..16 C. Activity of the Special Committee on Sex Offenders and Its Subcommittees…..18 1. Meetings and Public Hearing 2. Outreach III. Risk Assessment-Based Systems…..21 IV. Data Analysis…..24 V. Sex Offender Registry…..58 A. Background on Sex Offender Registry Legislation…..58 1. Connecticut a. Background b. Current Connecticut Law on the Registration of Sexual Offenders (Chapter 969 of the Connecticut General Statutes) c. Major Changes in Development of Connecticut’s Law 2. Federal Law a. Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act b. Megan’s Law c. Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 d. Connecticut’s Compliance with Federal Law (SORNA) 3. Other States’ Laws i B. -
Penal Code Offenses by Punishment Range Office of the Attorney General 2
PENAL CODE BYOFFENSES PUNISHMENT RANGE Including Updates From the 85th Legislative Session REV 3/18 Table of Contents PUNISHMENT BY OFFENSE CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................... 2 PENALTIES FOR REPEAT AND HABITUAL OFFENDERS .......................................................... 4 EXCEPTIONAL SENTENCES ................................................................................................... 7 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 4 ................................................................................................. 8 INCHOATE OFFENSES ........................................................................................................... 8 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 5 ............................................................................................... 11 OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON ....................................................................................... 11 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 6 ............................................................................................... 18 OFFENSES AGAINST THE FAMILY ......................................................................................... 18 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 7 ............................................................................................... 20 OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY .......................................................................................... 20 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 8 .............................................................................................. -
A Law of Passion, Not of Principle, Nor Even Purpose: a Call to Repeal Or Revise the Adam Walsh Act Amendments to the Bail Reform Act of 1984 Michael R
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 101 | Issue 1 Article 6 Winter 2011 A Law of Passion, Not of Principle, Nor Even Purpose: A Call to Repeal or Revise the Adam Walsh Act Amendments to the Bail Reform Act of 1984 Michael R. Handler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Michael R. Handler, A Law of Passion, Not of Principle, Nor Even Purpose: A Call to Repeal or Revise the Adam Walsh Act Amendments to the Bail Reform Act of 1984, 101 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 279 (2013). https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol101/iss1/6 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/11/10101-0279 THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 101, No. 1 Copyright © 2011 by Northwestern University School of Law Printed in U.S.A. COMMENTS A LAW OF PASSION, NOT OF PRINCIPLE, NOR EVEN PURPOSE: A CALL TO REPEAL OR REVISE THE ADAM WALSH ACT AMENDMENTS TO THE BAIL REFORM ACT OF 1984 Michael R. Handler* The Bail Reform Act of 1984 lays out the rules and procedures for federal pretrial release and detention. In 2006, as part of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, Congress amended the Bail Reform Act. Before the Adam Walsh Act Amendments (AWA Amendments) were passed, a judicial officer decided whether to release a defendant, whether to impose pretrial release conditions, and what pretrial release conditions to impose on a case-by-case basis.