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DEWA - DEWI KELENTENG DISUSUN OLEH : Ir. E. SETIAWAN KWA THONG HAY YAYASAN KELENTENG SAMPOOKONG GEDUNG BATU - SEMARANG 1990 Ucapan Terima Kasih disampaikan kepada para dermawan yang telah menyumbangkan dana demi terbitnya buku ini yakni : 1. Bapak Liem Pen Niu, Semarang. 2. Perusahaan Taxi "ATLAS" - Semarang 3. Perusahaan Motto cap "MOBIL" - Bapak Sindhu Dharmali, Semarang. 4. N.N. Yayasan. KATA PENGANTAR Setelah penerbitan buku pertama " MENGENAL KELENTENG SAM POO KONG " beberapa tahun yang lalu, berbarengan perayaan JJlang tahun Kedatangan Yang Mulia Kongco SAM POO TAI JIN yang ke 585 ini, dengan segala rendah hati kami hadirkan sebuah buku yang membahas " DEW A -DEWI KELENTENG" ke hadapan para pembaca. Setelah penerbitan pertama yang khusus mengemukakan masalah KELENTENG SAM POO KONG dengan segala kegiatannya, kami berhasrat untuk mengemukakan hal yang lebih luas dan umum sifatnya. Telah kita sadari bersama bahwasanya Kelenteng sebagai salah satu sarana ibadat, mempunyai sejarah yang tua sekali dan luas, telapi belum banyak penelitian serta studi yang memadai, yang ditulis untuk bahan pegangan bagi para umatnya. Sehingga timbulah hal - hal yang sangat merugikan yang berarti kerugian bagi umat beragama pada umumnya. Bertitik tolak dari pikiran - pikiran inilah, maka dirasa perlu untuk berusaha menyusun sebuah buku yang khusus membahas masalah pemujaan tersebut, serta meluruskan segala kesimpangsiuran sekaligus meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman para umat serta simpatisan, agar lebih memahami hal yang sebenarnya. Peningkatan pengetahuan para umat ini sangat perlu bagi pembinaan kesadaran rohani mereka agar betul - betul dapat melaksanakan nilai -nilai luhur ajaran SUCI, serta meresapinya dalam kehidupan sehari - hari. Tugas Team menyusun buku ini tidaklah ringan, bukan hanya irena iingkupnya yang luas, tetapi juga disebabkan karena ba- in - bahan yang digunakan sebagai acuan sangat sulit didapat. anya berkat ketekunan dari Team - penyusun yang gigih, akhirnya hirlah buku ini. Kami sadari sepenuhnya bahwa buku ini masih jauh dari •mpurna, tetapi karena belum banyak dirintis sebelumnya, maka buku i menjadi lebih berarti. ami berharap buku ini dapat menggugah minat para pakar untuk engadakan penelitian lebih jauh, lebih lengkap serta lebih akurat, '>arapci yang telah dirintis dalam buku ini dapat lebih disempurnakan. Sebagai akhir kata, kepada semuapihak yang telah terlibat dari znyusunan sarnpai terbitnya buku inikami menyatakan penghargaan '.tinggi - tingginya, serta mengucapkan terima kasih sebesar - esarnya atas segala bantuan serta jerih payah yang telah diberikan. emoga TUHAN yang maha kuasa beserta para SINBING emberkati kita semua. Semarang, Medio Agustus 1990 YAYASAN KELENTENG SAM POO KONG GEDUNG BATU SEMARANG Ir. Priambudi Setiakusuma Ketua DAFTAR ISI HAL PRAKATA » Bab I. Pendahuluan 11 Bab II. Pengertian tentang Tuhan di dalam pemujaan kelenteng 33 Bab III. Dewata Penguasa Langit 45 III. 1. Yu Huang Da Di 51 III. 2. Dewa Penguasa Langit Barat dan Timur (Xi Wang Mu dan Dong Wang Gong) 54 III. 3. Pangeran ke empat (Yu Huang Tai Zi) 56 III. 4. Dewa Langit Utara (Xuan Tian Shang Di) 56 III. 5. Dewa Penguasa Langit Selatan (Wu Fu Da Di) 68 III. 6. Dewa Matahari dan Rembulan (Ri Shen dan Yue Shen) 68 III. 7. Dewa-dewa Bintang 73 a. Nan Dou, Bei Dou, Dong Dou, dan Er Shi Ba Xiu 73 b. Dou Mu dan Jiu Huang Ye 76 TIT. 8. Dewa Penjaga Perbatasan Langit dan Bumi (Tuo Ta Tian Wang) 78 III. 9. Dewasa Taoisme tertinggi dan para pembantu- nya (Tai Shang Lao Jun, Zhang Tian Shi, dan Ling Guan Tian Jun) 80 III. 10. Dewa-dewa Taoisme terkemuka 83 a. Yuan Shi Tian Zun 83 b. Tian Fu dan Di Mu 86 c. Tai Yi Jiu Ku Tian Zun 87 III.ll. Dewa Angin, Dewa Halilintar, Dewi Kilat dan Dewa Awan (Feng, Yun, Lei, Dian, dan Yu) 88 1 III.12. Penguasa 3 Alam (San Guan Da Di) 92 Bab IV. Dewata Penguasa Bumi 99 IV. 1. Dewata Penguasa Lima Pegunungan (Dong Yue Da Di, Xi Yue Da Di. Nan Yue Da Di, Bei Yue Da Di dan Zhong Yue Da Di) 103 IV. 2. Penguasa Akhirat (Yan Lou Wang dan Meng Po Zun Sheng) 105 IV. 3. Malaikat Gunung, Malaikat Sungai, Dewa Pa- ngan dan Palawija (Shan Shen, Cuan Shen, She Ji dan Ba Zha Shen) 108 IV. 4. Dewa Bumi (Fu De Zheng Shen) 109 IV. 5. Dewa Pondasi, Malaikat Pintu, Dewa Penunggu Talang, Dewa Dapur dan Dewa Sumur. 112 IV. 6. Malaikat Api dan Malaikat Air. (Huo Shen dan Shui Shen) 123 IV. 7. Dewa Air dan Malaikat Laut (Shui Xian dan Hai Shen) 124 IV. 8. Dewa Pelindung Kota dan para pembantunya. (Cheng Huang Lao Ye, Wen Wu Pan. Qi Ye. Ba Ye, dan Er Shi Si Si) 128 IV. 9. Tiga Puluh Enam Panglima Langit. (San Shi Liu Guan Jiang) 135 IV. 10. Para Malaikat Pelindung 137 A. Malaikat pelindung kota sungai (Er Lang Shen) 137 B. Malaikat pelindung kuil (Qie Lan Ye) 140 C. Malaikat pelindung kelenteng Wang Ye (Wu Ying Jiang) 140 D. Malaikat pelindung keamanan umum (Bu Zhen Si Ye) 141 E. Malaikat pelindung gudang (Cang Shen) 141 2 IV. 11. Dewa Penguasa Waktu (Tai Sui Ye) 141 Bab V. Dewa Penguasa Manusia dan Profesi 145 V. 1. Dewi Kesuburan (Zhu Sheng Niang Niang) 153 V. 2. Dewi Pelindung Kehamilan dan Kelahiran (Ling Shui Fu Ren, Li Sha Niang, Li San Niang dan Chi Tou Fu Ren) 154 V. 3. Dewi Penjaga Pembaringan (Chuang Mu) 156 V. 4. Dewi Pelindung Anak-anak dari Penyakit Cam- pak dan Cacar (Dou Niang) 156 V. 5. Malaikat Pelindung dari Malapetaka (Hu Ye, Shi Gan Dang, dan Feng Shi Ye) 157 V. 6. Dewa Perjodohan (Yue Xia Lao Ren, Yin Yan Lao Ren) 159 V. 7. Dewa Dewi Pelindung Anak-anak 161 A. Qi Tian Da Sheng, 161 B. Zhong Tan Yuan Shuai 167 C. Qi Xing Niang Niang 170 V. 8. Dewa Kekayaan (Xuan Tan Yuan Shuai) 175 V. 9. Dewa Pelindung Kaum Terpelajar 183 a) Wen Chang Di Jun 183 b) Kui Dou Xing Jun 185 c) Zhu Yi Fu Zi 186 V.10. Dewa Peiindung dari Penyakit 188 a) Wang Ye 188 b) Li Wang 190 V. 11. Dewa Pelindung Roh Orang Meninggal Dunia 191 a) You Ying Gong 191 b) Yi Min Ye 192 c) Da Zhung Ye 192 d) Zhong Kui 193 3 V.12. Dewa Panjang Usia 195 a) Peng Zu 195 b) Ma Gu 196 c) Zhou Gong dan Tao Hua Nii 198 V.13. Dewa Pendidikan 199 a) Kong Fu Zi . 199 b) Cang Jie 204 V.14. Dewa Pelindung Pamong—Praja 205 a) Xiao He 205 b) Ji Gong Huo Fo 205 V.15. Dewa Pelindung Malapetaka Peperangan (Guan Di) 208 V.16. Dewa Ketentaraan. 220 a) Yue Fei, Ma Wang Ye dan Ni Zhong Guan 220 b) Zhu Ge Liang, Qi Du Shen dan Da Mo Zu Shi 225 V.17. Dewata Pelindung Pelaut (Tiang Shang Sheng Mu) 230 V.18. Dewa Pengobatan 235 a) Bao Sheng Da Di 235 b) Tian Yi Zhen Ren dan Hua Tuo Xian Shi 239 c) Xu Zhen Ren, Shen Lie Zhen Ren dan Yao Huang Da Di 243 V.19. Delapan Dewa (Fu You Di Jun, Li Tie Kuai dan Ba Xian) 244 V.20 Dewa Pelindung Pertanian 256 a) Fu Xi Xian Di 256 b) Shen Nong Da Di 257 c) Pan Gu Gong 258 d) Kai Shan Hou 258 V.21 Dewa Pelindung Pertukangan dan Industri Ker- tas 259 a) Qiao Sheng Xian Shi 259 b) Cai Hou Zu Shi 260 V.22 Dewa Pelindung Perusahaan Pembuataan Pa- kaian, Dewa Pelindung Peternakan Ulat-Su- tera, Dewa Pelindung Usaha Peleburan Mas- Perak dan lain-lain 261 4 a) Huang Di 261 b) Lei Zu dan Can Nil' 262 c) Jiu Tian Xuan Nii 264 d) Ge Fu Xian Weng 264 V.23. Dewa Pelindung Perdagangan Logam 265 a). Ju Bao Zhen Jun 265 b). Qing Jin Zu Shi 265 c). Qi Bao Zun Wang 265 d). Hu Jing Xian Shi 265 V.24 Dewa Pelindung Peramal 266 a) Fa Zhu Gong 266 b) Gui Gu Xian Shi 266 V.25. Dewa Pelindung Kesenian 267 a) Xi Qui Wang Ye b) Tian Dou Yuan Shuai 267 Bab VI. Dewa Kedaerahan dan Leluhur Keluarga 269 VI. 1. Dewa Pembuka Pulau Taiwan (Kai Tai Sheng Wang) 275 VI. 2. Dewa Khusus Taiwan 278 a) Chen Leng, Ning Jing Wang dan Wu Fei 278 b) Wu En Zhu Gong, Guang Li Wang dan Wu Feng 279 VI. 3. Dewa Pelindung Imigran 281 a) Qing Shui Zu Shi 281 b) Guang Ji Zu Shi 282 c) Ding Guang Gu Fo 282 d) Bao Yi Zun Wang 282 e) Kai Zhang Sheng Wang 283 f) Fu Xin Jiang Jun 284 g) Zhu Shun Jiang Jun 284 VI. 4. Dewa Pelindung Kota Fu-zhou (Wu Fu Da Di) 285 VI. 5. Dewa Pelindung Masyarakat Hakka dan Chao- zhou 287 VI. 6. Dewa Pelindung Masyarakat Nan-an 289 a) Guang Ze Zun Wang 289 b) Guo Fen Yang Gong 291 5 VI. 7. Dewa Pelindung Marga 294 a) Dewa Pelindung Marga Lin (De Tian Da Di) 294 b) Dewa Pelindung Marga Huang (Wu Hui Zun Wang.) 295 c) Dewa Pelindung Marga Yang (Yang Wu Shi dan Liu Shi Gong) 296 d) Dewa Pelindung Marga Xie (Hu Guo Zun Wang) 297 VI. 8. Dewata Kedaerahan Lain-lain. 298 a) Huang Da Xian 298 b) Wu An Zhen Jun 299 c) Dong Gong Zhen Xian 300 d) Kong De Zun Wang 301 VI. 9. Dewata Pelindung di Asia - Tenggara. 302 a) San Bao Da Ren 302 b) Da Bo Gong 307 c) Xian Ren Gu Po 308 d) Chen De Xiu 308 e) Chen Fu Zhen Ren 309 f) Ze Hai Zhen Ren 310 g) Yi Yong Gong 311 h) Lin Fu Gu Niang 312 Bab VII.
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    HANSHAN TANG BOOKS • L IST 166 NEW PUBLICATIONS ART OF SOUTH ASIA RUSSIAN WORKS ON ASIAN ART LATEST ACQUISITIONS H ANSHAN TANG B OOKS LTD Unit 3, Ashburton Centre 276 Cortis Road London SW 15 3 AY UK Tel (020) 8788 4464 Fax (020) 8780 1565 Int’l (+44 20) [email protected] www.hanshan.com CONTENTS N EW & R ECENT P UBLICATIONS / 3 A RT & A RCHITECTURE OF S OUTH A SIA / 7 RUSSIAN WORKS ON A SIAN A RT / 15 F ROM O UR S TOCK / 19 S UBJECT I NDEX / 60 T ERMS The books advertised in this list are antiquarian, second-hand or new publications. All books listed are in mint or good condition unless otherwise stated. If an out-of-print book listed here has already been sold, we will keep a record of your order and, when we acquire another copy, we will offer it to you. If a book is in print but not immediately available, it will be sent when new stock arrives. We will inform you when a book is not available. Prices take account of condition; they are net and exclude postage. Please note that we have occasional problems with publishers increasing the prices of books on the actual date of publication or supply. For secondhand items, we set the prices in this list. However, for new books we must reluctantly reserve the right to alter our advertised prices in line with any suppliers’ increases. P OSTAL C HARGES & D ISPATCH United Kingdom: For books weighing over 700 grams, minimum postage within the UK is GB £10.00.
  • Tableaux Chronologiques Introduction

    Tableaux Chronologiques Introduction

    TABLEAUX CHRONOLOGIQUES INTRODUCTION TABLEAUX CHRONOLOGIQUES 年代表 INTRODUCTION Le premier tableau donne une vue d’ensemble de la chronologie de l’histoire de Chine depuis les temps les plus anciens. Le second présente, dynastie par dynastie, les noms des souverains, leurs dates et leurs 年號 nianhao. La chronologie chinoise présente des particularités qu’il importe de signaler. CHRONOLOGIE LONGUE ET CHRONOLOGIE COURTE Il existe, depuis les temps anciens, deux chronologies pour l’histoire de la haute antiquité chinoise. L’une est dite « chronologie longue » car elle attribue aux événements des dates plus anciennes. La seconde est dite « chronologie courte ». Ainsi, pour l’empereur 堯 Yao, la première donne la date de 2357 et la seconde 2145. 1 TABLEAUX CHRONOLOGIQUES INTRODUCTION La première est celle que suit le 通鑑綱目 Tong Jian Gang Mu, Abrégé du miroir universel, composé par 朱喜 Zhu Xi. La seconde est basée sur le 竹書紀年 Zhu Shu Ji Nian, Annales sur bambou. Toutes ces dates sont très hypothétiques et les personnages mentionnés sont d’autant plus proches de la légende que l’on s’éloigne dans le temps. Mais il existe une tradition que l’on ne peut ignorer. La date de la victoire des Zhou sur les Shang a donné lieu à de nombreuses controverses. La chronologie dite longue, basée sur le 三統曆 San Tong Li, donne la date de 1122 A.C. La chronologie dite courte, basée sur le 竹書紀年 Zhu Shu Ji Nian, donne celle de 1050. Diverses autres dates ont été proposées. La grande majorité des historiens, se basant en partie sur des recherches astronomiques, adopte 1050 A.C.
  • The Two Kronik Tionghua of Semarang and Cirebon: a Note on Provenance and Reliability

    The Two Kronik Tionghua of Semarang and Cirebon: a Note on Provenance and Reliability

    179 Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 48(2), pp 179–195 June 2017. © The National University of Singapore, 2017 doi:10.1017/S0022463417000030 The two Kronik Tionghua of Semarang and Cirebon: A note on provenance and reliability Alexander Wain This article is the first comprehensive evaluation of the provenance and reliability of the two enigmatic Kronik Tionghua texts of Semarang and Cirebon (the ‘Malay Annals of Semarang and Cerbon’). Initially published by M.O. Parlindungan in 1964, historians have increasingly begun to use these documents when reconstructing Java’s early Islamic history. This article is a long overdue attempt to positively identify the Dutch colonial official (Cornelis Poortman) whom Parlindungan claims to have received the texts from. Although the article establishes that Parlindungan almost cer- tainly knew this individual, discrepancies between his version of Poortman’s career and official Dutch records raise questions about whether Poortman could have found the two Kronik Tionghua, at least in the manner described. The article then ends with a close textual analysis of both Kronik Tionghua which demonstrates the possibility that both texts were written by a modern, Dutch-educated author. The art- icle therefore concludes that both texts are probable fabrications, albeit ones based on authentic texts. In 1964, the Indonesian Batak historian, Mangaradja Onggang Parlindungan, published a book entitled Tuanku Rao. This text, designed to glorify a nineteenth- century Minangkabau teacher of the same name (and who had been active in the Batak lands), included as an appendix an edited version of two reputedly peranakan (Sino-Malay) Javanese manuscripts. Parlindungan collectively called these texts Peranan orang2 Tionghwa/Islam/Hanafi didalam perkembangan agama Islam di pulau Djawa, 1411–1564 (The role of Chinese H.