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Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities 469190 789811 9 Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore

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Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities 469190 789811 9 Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities Inter-religious harmony is critical for Singapore’s liveability as a densely populated, multi-cultural city-state. In today’s STUDIES URBAN SYSTEMS world where there is increasing polarisation in issues of race and religion, Singapore is a good example of harmonious existence between diverse places of worship and religious practices. This has been achieved through careful planning, governance and multi-stakeholder efforts, and underpinned by principles such as having a culture of integrity and innovating systematically. Through archival research and interviews with urban pioneers and experts, Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities documents the planning and governance of religious harmony in Singapore from pre-independence till the present and Communities Practices Spaces, Religious Harmony in Singapore: day, with a focus on places of worship and religious practices. Religious Harmony “Singapore must treasure the racial and religious harmony that it enjoys…We worked long and hard to arrive here, and we must in Singapore: work even harder to preserve this peace for future generations.” Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore. Spaces, Practices and Communities 9 789811 469190 Religious Harmony in Singapore: Spaces, Practices and Communities Urban Systems Studies Books Water: From Scarce Resource to National Asset Transport: Overcoming Constraints, Sustaining Mobility Industrial Infrastructure: Growing in Tandem with the Economy Sustainable Environment: Balancing Growth with the Environment Housing: Turning Squatters into Stakeholders Biodiversity: Nature Conservation in the Greening of Singapore Financing a City: Developing Foundations for Sustainable Growth Land Acquisition and Resettlement: Securing Resources for Development Built by Singapore: From Slums to a Sustainable Built Environment Planning for Tourism: Creating a Vibrant Singapore Cleaning a Nation: Cultivating a Healthy Living Environment Urban Redevelopment: From Urban Squalor to Global City Port and the City: Balancing Growth and Liveability The Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters Programme: Water as an Environmental Asset Working with Markets: Harnessing Market Forces and Private Sector for Development A City of Culture: Planning for the Arts Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City: A New Paradigm in Collaboration Land Framework of Singapore: Building a Sound Land Administration and Management System Religious Harmony Integrating Land Use & Mobility: Supporting Sustainable Growth Engaging Well, Forging Bonds: The Community as Stakeholders in Urban Development Food and The City: Overcoming Challenges for Food Security in Singapore: Technology and the City: Foundation for a Smart Nation Energising Singapore: Balancing Liveability and Growth Spaces, Practices one-north: Fostering Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Planning for a Secure City and Communities The Rule of Law and Urban Development Past, Present and Future: Conserving the Nation’s Built Heritage Integrating the Planning of Airports and the City: The Singapore Story Resettling Communities: Creating Space for Nation-Building Water: From Scarce Resource to National Asset (2nd edition) For product URBAN SYSTEMS CLC PUBLICATIONS information, STUDIES SERIES https://www.clc.gov.sg/research- visit www.clc.gov.sg/research- publications/publications/books publications/publications/ Singapore, 2020 urban-systems-studies Religious Harmony in Singapore: iv v Spaces, Practices and Communities Editorial Team Writer: Tan Xin Wei Andy CONTENTS Research Supervisors: Elaine Tan and Stewart Tan Foreword ix Research Advisors: Tan Poh Hong and Michael Koh Editor and Production Supervisor: Gregory Lee Preface xi Designer: Redbean De Pte Ltd Acknowledgements xiii The Singapore Liveability Framework xiv Overview 1 © 2020 the Centre for Liveable Cities All image rights are owned by the Centre except where indicated otherwise Chapter 1 Road to Independence—Diverse Communities and Turmoil In 3 Pre-Independent Singapore • Religious Diversity in Colonial Singapore 4 CLC is a division of • Ruptures in Society 7 - Maria Hertogh Riots 7 Set up in 2008 by the Ministry of National Development and the Ministry of the Environment - 1964 and 1969 Communal Riots 8 and Water Resources, the Centre for Liveable Cities has as its mission “to distil, create and share knowledge on liveable and sustainable cities”. The Centre’s work spans four main • Early Institutions for Race and Religious Harmony 10 areas—Research, Capability Development, Knowledge Platforms, and Advisory. Through these - Inter-Religious Organisation 10 activities, the Centre hopes to provide urban leaders and practitioners with the knowledge and support needed to make our cities better. For more information, please visit www.clc.gov.sg. - Goodwill Committees 12 • Declaration of Singapore’s Independence 12 Research Advisors for the Centre’s Urban Systems Studies are experts who have generously provided their guidance and advice. However, they are not responsible for any remaining errors or omissions, which remain the responsibility of the author(s) and the Centre. Chapter 2 Resettlement of Religious Sites and Planning for 13 Places of Worship in New Towns • Resettlement of Religious Sites for Urban Renewal 14 For enquiries, please contact: » Lessons from Resistance to Resettlement 18 CLC Publications +65 66459560 » Mosque Building Fund and Mosque Upgrading 20 Centre for Liveable Cities • Planning for Places of Worship in New Towns 24 45 Maxwell Road #07-01 The URA Centre - Development Guidelines for Places of Worship 25 Singapore 069118 - Combined Places of Worship 25 [email protected] » Eligibility Criteria of Tenderers for Land Zoned for 28 ISBN 978-981-14-6919-0 (print) Place of Worship ISBN 978-981-14-6920-6 (e-version) - A New Land Tender Framework for Places of Worship 30 - Systematic Planning and Innovation for PWs 31 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Every effort has been made to trace all sources and copyright holders of news articles, figures and information in this book before publication. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the Centre will ensure that full credit is given at the earliest opportunity. Cover photo: Chinese New Year celebration at Sri Mariamman Temple. Image courtesy of the Hindu Endowments Board. Religious Harmony in Singapore: vi vii Spaces, Practices and Communities Chapter 3 Religious Practices in Common Spaces 33 Chapter 5 Places of Worship and Religious Organisations 73 • Common Spaces for Religious Uses in Housing Estates 35 in the Provision of Social Service • Burning of Religious Offerings 35 • Places of Worship in Social Service Provision 74 • Temporary Suraus in Void Decks for Terawih Prayers 38 • “Many Helping Hands” Approach—Partnership between 76 » Surau at Ghim Moh Road 40 the State and Places of Worship/Religious Organisations • Traffic Spillover from Places of Worship 42 • Provision of Social Services for All 77 • Mosques’ Call to Prayers (Azan) 43 • Optimising Resources and Service Delivery—Enhanced 79 Mosque Cluster • Sacrificial Slaughtering of Livestock (Korban) 44 • Governance of Charities 81 • Informal Places of Worship 45 • Partnering Religious Organisations in Social 82 » Toa Payoh Tree Shrine 46 Service Provision • Mercy Release of Animals into the Wild 48 • Religious Processions 49 Chapter 6 Places of Worship and Religious Practices as Cultural Heritage 83 • Working with Communities in Managing Liveability Issues 54 • Places of Worship as Built Heritage 84 - Institutions of Preservation/Conservation 84 Chapter 4 Governance of Religious Harmony—Law, Institutions 55 » A Difference in Approaches to Historic Preservation— 88 and Community Networks Case of Tan Si Chong Su • Singapore as a Secular City-State 56 » Reconciliation of Approaches to Historic Preservation— 90 • The Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act 57 Case of Community-led Restoration of Hong San See • Declaration of Religious Harmony 60 » Sultan Mosque as Part of Placemaking in Kampong Glam 96 • Community as Stakeholder in Building Inter-Faith 61 • Religious Practices as Intangible Cultural Heritage 98 Trust and Harmony - Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles 61 Chapter 7 Looking Forward: Lessons, Challenges and Opportunities 101 - Community Engagement Programme and SGSecure 65 • Key Lessons in Planning and Governance of 102 Community Network Religious Harmony - Inter-Religious Organisation 67 - Fostering a Culture of Integrity and Fairness 103 - From Joint Social Service Centre to OnePeople.Sg 68 - Establishing the Rule of Law 103 - Harmony Centre 69 - Working Closely with the Community as Stakeholders 104 - Harmony Fund 70 - Innovating Systematically in Planning and Policies 104 - Harmony in Diversity Gallery 72 • Emerging Challenges 105 • Governing with the Community 72 • Opportunities Ahead 111 Post-script 114 Timeline 116 Endnotes 124 Bibliography 133 Religious Harmony in Singapore: viii ix Spaces, Practices and Communities FOREWORD Singapore is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world. One of our founding premises is that for our nation to survive and prosper, everyone, irrespective of their ethnic or religious background, must be given their fair share of space and opportunities in Singapore. We
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