A Publication of the American Horticultural Society Volume 72, Number 1 • January 1993 $2.00 News Edition SotneCures for the Winter Blahs

ome gardeners tell us they look forward to winter. They view it as a time of well-earned rest and Sclaim to see an austere beauty in their fallow beds. But others find themselves more restive than rested. They've been forced into retirement. They pace the floor and heave great sighs and occasionally fondle their pruners. They need something more to do than thumb through the seed catalogs and dream of next season's daylilies. Perhaps you're in the latter category but have limited your indoor gardening to a couple of African violets and a Sansevieria tucked into a corner. Not enough sun, you say. Or perhaps you tend to give container plants the Titanic treatment, overwatering them until you can almost hear them singing "Nearer My God to Thee." Why not make this the year you go after that gardener's dream-a green­ house? You can make it small and inexpensive and use it to start seeds from our Seed Program. You can bump out a window and invest in orchids. Or you can blow the budget and buy your own Crystal Palace. If you grow the most beautiful roses in the neighborhood but engage in wholesale slaughter of house plants, consider hydroponics. Those who've gone the soilless route swear they get lusher plants with less work and less mess, and that you don't need any fancy gizmos to get started. Regional Notes ... 8 A terrarium is yet another option. Out In This Issue Gardeners' Q&A 10 of fashion since the 19705, these environ· .. ments-in-a-bottle have always had their Greenhouses 2 Gardeners' Bookshelf 12 devotees. Today, heightened sensitivity to Hydroponics 5 AHS Bulletin Board. 14 the interconnectedness of living things Terrariums . 6 Gardeners' Dateline 16 great and small make them a perfect and low-care way to bring a bit of rain forest Making a Difference 7 Classifieds...... 18 or desert into your living room.

1993 AHS Seed Catalog Enclosed! American Horticultural Society

The American Horticultural Society seeks to promote and recognize excellence in horticulture across America.

OFFICERS 1992-1993 Mr. George C. Ball Jr., West Chicago, IL President Mrs. Sarah S. Boasberg, Washington, D.C. Greenhouse Daydreallls Pi rst Vice President Dr. William E. Barrick, Pine Mountain, GA Second Vice President ou've been thinking about house called a "lean-to" that is attached Mr. David M. Lilly, St. Paul MN setting up a hobby greenhouse directly to another structure, normally the Secretary Mr. Gerald T. Halpin, Alexandria, VA but you're not sure how painful owner's house. Lean-tos are generally Treasurer Y an ordeal this would be. You cheaper to build. Hooking up utilities­ may be wondering, for starters, how water, electricity, gas-is also usually BOARD OF DIRECTORS much a greenhouse would cost. Well, take easier and cheaper. And the common wall Mrs. Suzanne Bales, Bronxville, NY comfort: there are some very cheap reduces a lean-to's exterior surface area, Dr. Sherran Blair, Columbws, OH greenhouses out there. Greenhouses, in making it much cheaper to heat. Mrs. Mary Katherine Blount, fact, can cost just about any amount, The principal disadvantage of a lean-to Montgomery, AL Mr. William F. Brinton, Mount Vernon, ME from $69.95 for a portable greenhouse is that it probably won't get as much light Mrs. Beverley White Dunn, Birmingham, AL "tent" to whatever the bank will give you as a freestanding greenhouse. Lean-to Dr. John Alex Floyd Jr., Birmingham, AL as a second mortgage if you plan to designs can also be somewhat cramped­ Mrs. Julia Hobart, Troy, OH imitate the Palm House at Kew. Of the result of accommodating the houses Dr. Richard Lower, Madison, WI course, initial expense is never more than appended to them. And of course you Mr. Elvin McDonald, Houston, TX Mr. William G. Pannill, Martinsville, VA a fraction of the burden every serious need to consider the lean-to's effect on the Mr. Lawrence V. Power, New York, NY hobbyist must bear. Unless you are house. If your lean-to is going to be home Dr. Julia Rappaport, Santa Ana, CA willing to content yourself with some to an Indonesian fungus collection, or Mrs. Flavia Redelmeier, humble, impermanent, yurtlike structure, something else that demands high Richmond Hill, ON, Canada there will be a slew of other obstacles to humidity and temperatures, ask an Mrs. Jane N. Scarff, New Carlisle, OH overcome. Use the following steps to imaginative contractor what this might Mrs. Josephine Shanks, Houston, TX Mrs. Billie Trump, Alexandria, VA orient yourself- and to test your resolve. mean for the wall. Mr. Andre Viette, Fishersv\lle, VA Step 1: Find the equator. Whether any There is also a sort of hybrid between Mrs. Helen Fulcher Walutes, part of your property faces it and how far lean-to and freestanding greenhouse that Mount Vernon, VA away you are from it-these are matters you may want to consider. This involves Ms. Katy Moss Warner, critical to every aspect of your plan. The the attachment of a freestanding design, Lake Buena Vista, FL usual strategy is to build the greenhouse by one of its ends, to the house. The idea so that one of its long sides faces at least is to preserve to some degree the ACTINGEXECUTNEDmECTOR Mrs. Helen Fulcher Walutes roughly south. This southern exposure advantages conferred by the common should not be shaded. Though a little wall, while permitting more room and shade may be useful in summer, even light than lean-tos usually afford. This AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST bare-limbed deciduous trees can cut win­ approach would work best for a west or EDITOR: Kathleen Fisher ter sunlight by 50 percent, according to east wall, since the greenhouse would then ASSISTANT EDITORS: Chris Bright, the Hobby Greenhouse Association. And have one of its long sides facing south. Mary Beth Wiesner in much of the country, you are going to Some people are enchanted by lean-tos. EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Steve Davolt have to pay for that loss of light in your In the lean-to, as they see it, home and MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: Darlene Oliver fuel bill. greenhouse merge and the delights of the ADVERTISING: American Horticultural If you live in the North, you should be two realms intermingle. If you are moved Society Advertising Department, 341 Victory Drive, Herndon, VA 22070. thinking about your fuel bill at least as by such a vision, remind yourself that a Phone (703) 834-0100. much as you think about your plants. lean-to greenhouse is still a greenhouse, Suppose you build a 100- to 150-square­ and not a solarium. Its climate is meant Address all editorial correspondence [0: The Editor, foot greenhouse, which is not really all to suit plants, not to mimic conditions in American Horticulturist, American Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA that extravagant. According to one recent the family room. Most gardeners will 22308·1300. AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, ISSN estimate, your winter heating expenses have no trouble understanding this 0096-4417, is published by the American Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria , VA could run up to $400 if you use fuel oil or distinction, but if you are uncertain about 22308-1300, (703) 768-5700, and is issued six times a gas, and up to $700 if you use electricity. it, ask yourself this question: Do I expect yea r as a magazine and six times a year as a N ews Edition. The American Horticultural Society is a Heating is likely to be a major operating to watch TV while puttering with my nonprofit organization devoted to excellence in expense through USDA Zone 7. Polystachyae? If the answer is yes, you horricwture. Botanical nomenclature in AMERlCAN If you have little southern exposure, need a solarium, not a lean-to. HO RTI CULTURIST is based on HORTUS THIRD. Na tional membership dues are $45; two years are $80. you need not abandon your hopes, but Step 3: Consider going full solar. Strictly Foreign dues are $60 . $12 of dues are designated fo, you should be aware that as you turn speaking, of course, all greenhouses are AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST. Copyright © 1993 by the America n Horticultural Society. Second·class away from dl:le south, your choice of solar to some degree, at least on clear days. postage paid at Alexandria , Virginia, and at additional plants tends to go down and your fuel But the term normally refers to those that mailing o ffi ces . Postmaster: Please send Fo rm 3579 to AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, 7931 East bills tend to go up. are designed to capture sunlight and store it Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308- 1300. Step 2: Consider making the greenhouse as heat, to keep things warm after sun­ part of your house. There is a genre of green- down. Solar greenhouses can look sort of

2 • American Horticulturist· January 1993 odd. They may be half-buried in hillsides to limit their northern exposure. They may have their north walls lined with Chlorox bottles spray-painted black, to hold water for the sun to heat. They may have tarpaulins that are pulled over them at night. Even if your vision tends more towards a crystal pavilion, solar principles are still worth your attention, and there may be ways to incorporate them into your design. Step 4: Think big. You, or someone else in your family, will inevitably find uses for the greenhouse that you haven't yet imagined and you will need the extra space to accommodate those newfound interests. A bigger greenhouse also means a higher ratio of volume-to-surface area. The bigger your greenhouse gets, the more "inertia" the climate inside will have in its struggle with the climate outside, the easier it will be to maintain a constant temperature and humidity, and the more you will get for your heating dollar. Step 5: Get a lawyer--or find out for yourself whether your project will run afoul alter and Fran Bull, members of the American Horticultural of any local ordinances. Will you need a Society's President's Council, designed their own greenhouse using building permit, for example? Are there patio doors. This held the cost down and resulted in an artractive zoning laws that affect what you can build structure that could easily be ventilated. The floor is of pea gravel, on your lot? How does your municipality Wand the footing is made of cinder blocks capped with treated lumber. A narrow regulate the extension of utilities to new section of plywood separates each door; the roof is corrugated plastic. The green­ structures? If you are thinking about house is heated with eight-inch square ceramic cubes attached to a thermostat. heating with gas or oil, check for local But heating is rarely a problem where the Bulls live, in Columbia, South regulations on what type Q.f combustion Carolina. The greenhouse stays warm even on a clear, sunny 10-degree day. heater you may use. You should also ask Cooling, however, is a problem. All plants are moved outdoors in summer. The your insurer how the greenhouse will doors are opened to allow breezes in spring and fall. This often isn't sufficient, affect your homeowner's policy. and the Bulls make frequent use of a vent GOoier made for greenhouses. "We Step 6: Try to remember why you wanted didn't build this ourselves, but it should be easy for anyone who's moderately to do this. Before actually choosing the handy," Fran Bull said. Dfainage can often be a problem in greenhouses, but materials from which your greenhouse will because this one was built on a slope, one drain pipe does the job. "The one thing take form, you should be clear about what people would want to make sure of is that the footing is firm, or the doors won't you intend to grow in it. Of course, lots of close," Bull said. Because the greenhouse was built at the same time as their greenhouses are used for several purposes, home, they did not calculate its cost separately. A lumber store in the Washington, and there's no reason why you shouldn't D.C., area sells moderately priced storm doors for $200 to $300 each. The cost use yours to harvest cantaloupes in Febru­ of enough corrugated plastic for the roof was estimated at slightly over $100. ary, start seeds in March, and maintain a cactus collection year round. But if you have more particular interests, this is the time to take them into account. A specialty of your effort as predictable as possible, The least noticeable component, but need not determine the design, but it can you will probably want to choose a arguably the most important, is the affect your choice of materials and equip­ model from the multitude of greenhouse foundation. All greenhouses, except for ment. If, for example, your main interest is "kits" on the market. If you aren't handy, those very simple, nomadic varieties, need bromeliads, you will probably want to or if the term "kit" doesn't quite do one. But even if your model is sold as a chose a glazing material that insulates well. justice to the model you favor, you can do-it-yourself project, caveat constructor: If you grow mainly alpines or bonsai, you always hire a contractor to put the thing unless you already know how to pour may be able to omit this extra expense. together. But even if your role in the concrete and lay level block, do not Fortified with your knowledge of law, process will be limited to watching (and artempt to install the foundation yourself. architecture, and the geography of your paying), you still need to know something After the foundation comes the frame. lot, you are ready to contemplate the about the greenhouse's components, in Greenhouse frames are made of either labor of construction. To make the results order to pick the right kit. wood or aluminum Continued on page 4

Am erican Honiculturist • Janua ry 1993 . 3 be governed by two considerations: separately, as "accessories." Ventilation is Greenhouse Continued from page 3 would you be better off with glass or a especially important if you intend to use synthetic, and how much insulation the greenhouse in summer, and if you live (except for " hoop" greenhouses, which should your glazing have? in the South. Make sure your design are normally framed in polyvinyl chloride Life inside the greenhouse is regulated includes both lower and upper vents, so or steel tubing). Because greenhouse by a collection of gadgets of varying that the interior can be cooled by interiors are so humid, wooden frames complexity and cost. There are heaters, convection. It should also be possible to must be made of lumber that is very ventilation fans, thermostats, temperature fit the upper vents with fans, should resistant to decay. Today the choice is alarms, shades, misting systems, and so greater airflow prove necessary. usually redwood-it should be clear (no on. You will not need to own all of these If your enthusiasm has survived this knots) heart (from the center of the tree) things to use your greenhouse. Initially, discussion, the greenhouse of your dreams redwood. Cedar, the former favorite, is you need only assure yourself that the may yet find a place in your yard ... still sometimes offered but is now heater you intend to use is compatible generally too expensive to use. You may with the greenhouse design and that you The Hobby Greenhouse Association also find frames in "pressurized wood," will have adequate ventilation. The best publishes a "Directory of Manufacturers," which means that chromated copper way to match the heater to the greenhouse from which you can order catalogs of green­ arsenate, or some other preservative, has is to buy one that is designed specifically house makers. Write Hobby Greenhouse been forced into the grain. (That's right: for it. Many kit manufacturers sell heaters Association, 8 Glen Terrace, Bedford, MA it's an arsenic compound. Don't throw too, although these are usually offered 01730-2048. the scraps in your woodstove.) Some kits don't have frames, but only plans for them. You are supposed to build the frame yourself, usually with pressurized uthor and illustrator Peter Loewer has increased his indoor growing lumber. Despite some builders's claims to space by making a greenhouse window from four white aluminum the contrary, both redwood and storm windows. In his 1990 The Indoor Window Garden, he writes: pressurized wood should treated with a A "It was designed to fit an opening in the outer wall of the front room suitable preservative or water-repellent that originally held a large wooden window with two frames of the old-fashioned stain. And every few years, a new coat type that used clothesline and lead weights .... The roof on the new greenhouse will be needed. was shingled instead of using glass, since the winter sun is so low in the sky Wtt Aluminum, on the other hand, doesn't knew we could do without the extra light. " need any maintenance, but aluminum is a The framing is made of standard two-by-fours. The bottom, flooring, and roof much poorer insulator than wood. Be­ are made of exterior grade (marine), AA plywood. The floor was covered with cause of this, many aluminum frames are black vinyl constructed with a "thermal barrier"-a slate, and two layer of insulation sandwiched between sheets of acrylic the inside and the outside of the frame. in wooden The thermal barrier adds greatly to the frames were hinged to the cost, but unless you live in the deep South L it's probably worth the extra expense. inside of the Since it's the reason for everything else, frame, allowing the glazing is understandably the most thtt greenhouse complicated component. Greenhouse to be closed to glass can be tempered, to make it more the room. The durable, or tinted, to alter the quality of installation of the light. It can be double- or triple­ an outlet under paned, to increase its insulation. Glazing the window need not even be glass, and if you live allows it to be where hail, heavy ice, high winds, or warmed with a vandals are a problem, it probably small heater in shouldn't be. Instead, you should winter; the consider a synthetic glazing, like screens that fiberglass or polycarbonate, since these came with the materials do not readily shatter. But storm windows synthetic glazes usually are not as scratch­ provide resistant as glass and since most are ventilation in 0:: W damaged by ultraviolet light, they may summer and ;; W not last as long. The synthetics also come help reduce 9 summer suB. on 0:: in various forms, including multiple-pane, ~ w and their cost is generally competitive sensitive plants. ~L-______~ with glass. Your choice of glazing should

4 .. American Horticulturist • January 1993 Hydroponics Made Enticingly Easy

ost gardeners have at least be cut off at the soil line and a new root heard of hydroponics or system, better adapted to a hydroponic hydroculture--soilless culture, developed by anchoring it in gardening said to make barely moist perlite. indoor plant growing a snap. Your plant should be sunk into its But books on the subject, and many medium with its crown just above the magazine articles, tend to be terrifying in highest water level, which should be a their technological bent, showing maximum of one-third your container photographs of tubes and trays and lights depth. Some growers use a system that and pumps and gauges, and giving recipes will allow periodic flushing out of the for complicated nutrient formulas. For plant and its medium: a double pot those who view gardening as a way of arrangement, or a plastic mesh bag that getting in touch with nature, this seems a can be plucked out of its container. giant step backwards. In regard to lighting, yo u will have to But in fact, anyone who has ever stuck know something about the specific a wandering-Jew stem in a glass of water requirements of the plants you're or helped a child start a sweet potato vine growing. While tomatoes and other is gardening hydroponically. With the edibles require artificial lighting, Collier, addition of a water gauge and some who has a sun room, says tropicals ready-made nutrient, say more laid-back should thrive in the natural light of hydroculture fans, the home gardener can windows and skylights. Herbs can also be grow any house plant with less guesswork grown in a sunny window. about watering and less mess from Melitta Collier's sun room, where most Probably the most intimidating aspect potting soil. They contend that plants plants are grown without soil. of hydroponic advice relates to the grown in hydroculture are lusher yet take nutrients they require because the up less room than their soil-grown or stone. But unless you want to mess medium that anchors them is inert. One counterparts, need repotting less around with pumps to aerate your roots, book presents five recipes for mixing frequently, are less prone to soil-borne Collier urges the use of a medium with chemicals, and invites the reader to diseases and insects, and of course, they capillary, or wicking, action. These in­ choose among them. This is especially never need weeding. Plants are also less clude charcoal (which will also help deter off-putting to those who don't want to likely to suffer from lack of humidity. algae); expanded slate, or haydite; scoria, use any chemicals on plants, and don't Melitta Collier, a resident of Silver a crusty lava; or horticultural rock wool. know much garden chemistry beyond the Spring, Maryland, began gardening Next you'll want plants. Plants fact that a compost requires some green hydroponically 20 years ago and now developed for hydroponic growing are stuff and some brown stuff. lectures and writes frequently on the widely available in Europe, where public Dr. Stuan K. Sutherland, an Australian topic. Her plants include ferns, orchids, buildings, from malls to restaurants to animal toxicologist, was the only author cape jasmine, a ceiling-high palm, and hospitals, are landscaped hydroponically. we came across whose book made even a cactus. Asked about various pieces Some books advise against trying to hydroponics look like a jolly good time. of advice proferred by other experts, her convert soil-grown plants to a hydroponic In his 1986 Hydroponics for Everyone, response is usually, "I don't do that. system. Collier says, in effect, nonsense. he says: "Personally, I cannot think of Gardening is supposed to be fun." This is Most any house plant can prove amenable. anything less likely to enthuse one's what we always thought, too. Chinese evergreen or dieffenbachia would household towards hydroponics than You don't need special pots, she says. be good for beginners. You do want to filling the kitchen or laundry up with They should be water-tight and can't be make sure that the roots are scrupulously bags and bottles of chemicals." porous, but she converts ordinary plastic clean. "I probably have the most In this regard as well, Collier is as pots by plugging the drainage holes with difficulty with fine roots, like the ones on reass uring as a good midwife. She likes to florists' clay. ferns. I cut off most of the root ball, and use slow-release granules formulated for If beginners are growing plants that wash them off well under the fa ucet." She hydroponic gardening, sprinkling them don't need any type of support to stay also avoids transferring from soil any on the clay pellets about every three to upright, they can start with just a mix of plant with a large, thick root, like her five months. water and nutrient solution. Otherwise cape jasmine. From it, she took cuttings "You can also use any evenly balanced they will need an inert medium to keep and rooted them; a hydroponic container plant food, but you'll need to dilute it plants from flopping over. A popular one is an excellent way to start cuttings. A until the concentration is more like is expanded clay pellets, which Collier retired fish tank works well for this, even 2/2/2," she says. Other growers say this is describes as looking like "Kibbles 'n' if it's cracked, if yo u put a sheet of glass risky, because in hydroculture, there is no Bits" dog food. Some gardeners use sand or plastic over its top. African violets can soil to buffer extreme Continued on page 6

American Horticulturist· January 1993 .. 5 The Enigmatic Terrarium

n 1827, a London physician named showing how to grow ferns under glass Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward peered coffee tables. A small number of devotees into a covered glass jar in his study kept faith and now the terrarium is once and made a discovery that proved again attracting adherents. critical to the science of botany. Growing Some find that the terrarium's appeal lies in some mold on the bottom, Ward found in the container and give the plants second­ a tiny fern and a single blade of grass. ary billing. They fashion mini-terrariums in Ward liked to put caterpillars in bottles, little perfume bottles and bllild "plant where he could watch them pupate and coillmns" in bell jars. They collect five­ emerge as butterflies. One of his captives gallon carboys, oversized brandy snifters, had died, and the two tiny plants had fish bowls, jumbo Mateus bottles, and emerged from its remains. Ward saw the kerosene lanterns. All of these containers implications instantly: The plants were have what decorators would call growing in a closed and (more or less) "possibility," and if you like this sort of self-perpetuating system. thing, you may begin seeing possibilities Thus was born the Wardian case, a close­ everywhere. Is that ancient television lidded, glass and wood box for keeping console still out in the garage? Remove the plants. Ward's simple invention opened a picture tube and install a bog garden. new era in botanical exploration. Collecting Another approach is to choose the plants had previously been hindered by the lack of first, then build the terrarium around them. Hydroponics Continued (rom page 5 a reliable means of transporting specimens Terrarium flora varies greatly, though the from their exotic provenances to European most successful plants tend to be dense, pH levels, mineral salts, or to provide conservatories. But no longer: Packed into slow-growing, and small. Common micronutrients, which are contained in one of Ward's cases, a plant could survive arrangements include succulents and cacti, hydroponic formulas. There's no guesswork months at sea and emerge green and ferns and mosses, or begonias or gesneriads. involved with the liquid hydroponic healthy at the London docks. Here too, you can be much more nutrients; most growers add them with each The Wardian case had major ornamen­ adventurous, especially if you're thinking in watering. A plant is rewatered when the tal potential as well. Usually planted with terms of a "theme terrarium." You could water level drops almost to zero; that's ferns, it found wide favor with both make Bug Hell with a collection of what your water level indicator is for. wealthy and middle class gardeners, who carnivorous plants or an underwater Joelle Steele, a consultant to interior made the "fern case" a standard part of garden with a fishless aquarium. landscapers who writes frequently about 19th century decor. The popularity of Landscapes are another productive hydroponics, suggests that chlorinated these early terrariums even won them a approach. For these you may need trees, water should be left to stand for two days place at the celebrated International and some people use real ones: seedlings before it is used in a hydroponic system. Exhibition of 1851, in the Crystal Palace. of dwarf Natal plums, for example, or of The chlorine can affect the pH of the Terrariums have not changed in their coffee trees or dwarf pomegranates. water, which should be kept between 6 essentials since Ward entombed that Terrarium pomegranates have even been and 7, she advises. Other authors issue hapless caterpillar. They consist of a glass coaxed into bearing fruit. Many people warnings about water with a high content or plastic container that is usually closed like their landscapes with props. Oriental of salt and other minerals, suggesting the but may be open if the plants to be grown vistas may include little pagodas and use of rainwater or periodic leaching. cannot tolerate high humidity. Light may gates. Shells, corals, and driftwood cover "I guess I'm lucky," says Collier. "Our be supplied artificially or through a a great deal of terrarium terrain. One water is mineral-free and the granules I nearby window. Growing media must be writer encourages hobbyists to cultivate use contain resins that collect salts. In the sterile and not too rich, but can be quite "a unique feeling of reality" by dropping summer the plants get leached by rain. I varied in other respects. A mixture of in the skulls of birds and small rodents. drill or burn holes in the containers, set commercial potting soil, sand, and sphag­ But what, after all, is the appeal of a them outside, then plug the holes up num will work; so will a soilless blend of caseful of plants? Perhaps it's that people again with florists' clay in the fall. I do peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. Good still find the terrarium "curious to watch watch for a hazy residue, and I leach my drainage is important, so a substrate of in operation," as one 19th century plants periodically. But I'm not a mad charcoal or pebbles may also be included. manual puts it. "To many it is evidently chemist." • Those are the basics, but the basics as much of an enigma as a pleasure." don't explain the terrarium's appeal. The If you want to learn more, you may want most recent terrarium fad occurred in the For the latest on terrarium theory and to contact the Hydroponic Society of mid 1970s. Most terrarium books were practice contact the Terrarium America, Box 6065, Concord, CA 94524, published at that time: They contain pic­ Association at P.O. Box 276, Newfane, (415) 682-4193. tures of people in floral polyester shirts VT05345.

6 + American Horticulturist • January 1993 >~4'fVc . ~ -, . , Difference ·· .'

The Generous Men of Maryland

Highways, public gardens, and schools in Maryland. $4,500 for the gardens' pre-1850 native Maryland plants. The the Washington, D.C., area are getting an botanical internship program, in which garden was developed by the late Edward extra lift from the Men's Garden Club of upper-level undergraduates and graduates L. Stock, a Washington, D.C., area Montgomery County (Maryland). The work in rotation in areas throughout the nurseryman and one of the founders of group is using profits from sales of its gardens. Operated by the Maryland­ the Men's Garden Club. book, Successful Gardening in the National Capital Park and Planning This is the second year for the grant Greater Washington Area, to fund 10 Commission, Brookside Gardens is a 50- program. Last year the garden club gardening programs in Maryland, acre public garden featuring collections of donated $21,000 to seven organizations. Virginia, and Washington, D.C. The azaleas and rhododendrons, conservatory The Men's Garden Club of Montgomery grants, totaling $15,000, were awarded to: floral displays, and other permanent and County was founded in 1946. • Brookside Gardens, Wheaton, seasonal plant displays . • U.S. National Arboretum, Washing­ ton, D.C. $4,000 for a stone wall to protect Trees on the Run the deteriorating azalea plantings in the Mount Hamilton area of the arboretum. Of the dozen trees Tim Wornick planted in Fenny Pennies The 41-foot-long, V-shaped wall will be Homestead, Florida, last year, Hurricane built opposite the Frederic P. Lee Memorial Andrew only left two standing. So Wornick, "Pennies From Heaven"-or more and will stem erosion on one of the steepest who has been running through the states accurately, "Pennies From the Deer slopes. Lee, an attorney, was chairman of planting trees and talking to school children Creek Elementary School"-might the arboretum's Advisory Council and a about the environment as part of his Trail be the new theme song of the former First Vice President of the American of Trees program (see "The Man Who Nature Conservancy's Colorado Horticultural Society. Runs for Trees," American Horticulturist, Field Office. The students of the • Maryland Department of March 1992), will return to Dade County elementary school, which is near Transportation. $1,500 to support for a 100-rnile run this month. The 34-year­ Bailey, Colorado, recently donated privately financed wildflower plantings old amateur runner will begin his trek in one million pennies to the along Maryland's highways. The Sweetwater, a suburb of M iami, and run conservancy's High Creek Fen transportation department has designated from school to school until he reaches project. "The penny drive began as 45 acres for wildflower plantings at Homestead. Along the way he will plant a way to teach students just how scattered sites along the highways. seedlings and distribute about 20,000 trees much a million really is," says Among these sites are gateways into for school children to plant. teacher Lynne Tweedy. Maryland from Pennsylvania, Delaware, Wornick wi ll continue his Trail of Trees But students and teachers also and West Virginia. program in Georgia in February and has wanted the pennies to go to a good • Meadowlark Gardens, Fairfax announced plans for a transcontinental cause. Students surveyed local County, Virginia. $1,000 to develop a run on the newly designated American residents, then decided the money children's butterfly garden. Meadowlark Discovery Trail beginning this spring. would be donated to the High Gardens is operated by the Virginia That run will begin in Los Angeles, with a Creek Fen project. The Nature Regional Park Authority. kickoff given by the environmental group Conservancy is restoring the • Montgomery County Public Schools. Treepeople, and end on Arbor Day 1994 high-elevation peatland, which is Up to $1,000 for teaching aids for schools in Washington, D.C. From Los Angeles thought to provide homes to more with special horticultural programs. Womick will run north to Point Reyes rare plant species than any other • Maryland 4-H Foundation. $1,000 National Seashore, the beginning of the Colorado wetland. to update the foundation's library and Discovery Trail. The multi-use trail is one During the school year students teaching materials. of the few east-west trails in the United did odd jobs and held book fairs, • Walter Johnson High School, States. It connects several north-south, walk-a-thons, read-a-thons, and Bethesda, Maryland. Up to $500 to local, and regional trails and winds rocking chair-a-thons, asking to be purchase trees for the school grounds. through 13 states to end at Cape paid in pennies. Some donors, High school students will participate in Pendleton State Park in Delaware. apparently eager to unload their the tree plantings. Womick will stop at schools and local stocks, donated pennies outright. • National Capital Area Council of gathering places throughout each state. When the pennies neared the one Boy Scouts of America. Up to $500 for Trail of Trees is sponsored by the million mark, students spread them the materials needed to help Eagle Scouts Global ReLeaf program of the American one deep over the school's gym earn merit badges that relate to Forestry Association, Famous and floor and most of the cafeteria. horticultural projects for community Historic Trees, the U.S. Forest Service, Last June the students presented improvements. Power Bar athletic energy food, and the Nature Conservancy's Colorado • Strathmore Hall Arts Center, Saucony running shoes. Field Office with their $10,000 Bethesda, Maryland. $500 to support the donation-but they graciously paid center's tree replacement fund. For more information about the Trail of with a check. • Historic Medley District, Poolesville, Trees program or to make a donation Maryland. $500 for garden write: Tim Womick, Trail of Trees, P.O. improvements in the district's garden of Box 553, Cashiers, NC 28717.

Am eri can Horti culturist · January 1993 . 7 Regional Notes

Predators at a Minnesota Mall

On your next trip to the shopping mall, more than 80 varieties of small plants are you may want to take a field guide Natal plums, orange jasmines, and New along-at least if you're heading for the Zealand laurels. The 14 varieties of trees immense Mall of America in include figs, fern pines, and olives. The Bloomington, Minnesota, just south of red maple is the only native tree the twin cities. Inside the 327-store mall is represented. (Charlie Brown's Kite-Eating a seven-acre park, believed to be the sin­ Tree is a Ficus nitida.) gle largest interior landscape in the world. Regardless of its origin, this much And its nearly 40,000 plants are vegetation is bound to attract more than beginning to attract more than just shoppers. Several months after the mall's shoppers. The park is known as "Knott's opening, aphids had reached noticeable Camp Snoopy," after the dog in the levels, a population of leafhoppers had "Peanuts" cartoon and Knott's Berry turned up, and spider mites and mealy Farm, the company that maintains the bugs are expected any day. grounds. But that's all part of the plan. The Camp Snoopy, which opened last park, which won McCaren an Associated August, is intended to recall the Minne­ Landscape Contractors of America sota landscape. But its plantings consist "Environmental Improvement" award, is mainly of non-native species, since the supposed to control its own pests. With region's own flora generally does not do the help of scientists at the University of well indoors, according to Cindy Minnesota, McCaren has been Peterson, a vice president at McCaren monitoring pest populations and this Designs, the landscaping firm that spring, predatory insects will be A restaurant sits in a "clearing" in designed and installed the park. Instead introduced. By resorting to biological pest Knott's Camp Snoopy, the seven-acre of natives, McCaren filled the park with a controls, McCaren expects to greatly re­ park inside the Mall ofAmerica. wide assortment of exotics. Among the duce the need for conventional pesticides. Among the candidates for introduction are various species of ladybugs, nonsting­ A Georgia Garden Threatened by Concrete ing wasps, and mites. People need not fear these terminator bugs. All are very When the Georgia Department of to the property, both garden and particular in their tastes, and since they Transportation notified Olin and Louise gardeners will have to be uprooted. are generally smaller than their prey, Holsomback that some of their property The Holsomback garden contains shoppers probably won't even notice the was to be appropriated for a new Japanese, Chinese, and Korean war going on around them. highway, "they claimed," Olin rhododendrons, both species and hybrids. The use of biocontrols in interiorscapes Holsomback says, "that everything was There is also a large collection of azaleas, is not original with McCaren. Midway negotiable." Three years later, the which Holsomback considers a significant Mall in Sherman, Texas, has employed Holsombacks are facing what amounts to gene pool for that group of plants- an parasitic wasps to control mealybugs on an eviction notice and the destruction of a opinion shared by Fred Galle, a retired Ficus plants (see "Wasps Shop Till Mealy­ garden 50 years in the making. horticulturist for Callaway Gardens in bugs Drop," American Horticulturist, The Holsombacks's five acre-plus lot Pine Mountain, Georgia, and the author May 1991). But McCaren's program will borders the Chickamauga Battlefield of a book on azaleas. But the collection's bring the technique inside on an unprece­ National Park in northwest Georgia. The biological value has not impressed the dented scale. In some ways, Peterson says, new road would bypass the park but department of transportation. scaling up biocontrol makes it easier: so would consume about an acre of the When he asks officials to justify their vast a wilderness (from a bug's point of Holsomback property, including the choice of a route, Holsomback says, view) should make for more stable couple's house and their valuable "they've given me all sorts of explana­ predator populations. collection of rhododendrons and azaleas. tions." The couple suspect that other But it's not simply size that distinguishes "We had kind of reconciled ourselves routes could have been chosen. But for this program from its predecessors. to the fact that they were going to take now they and their plants remain adrift in McCaren has gone a step further, by the house and part of the property," says a bureaucratic limbo, unsure if they building biocontrol parameters directly Holsomback. So the couple began should continue transplanting-or if they into the landscape design. "During the planning a new house and started themselves are going to be transplanted. project's design phase," Peterson explains, moving their most valuable plants to Some larger gardens have taken an "we made sure that the plant varieties, other parts of their lot. But officials then interest in the couple's plight, but only to humidity levels, and light levels would be announced that engineering requirements invite them to donate their plants-a suitable for predators." Such planning will prevented them from allowing the form of aid they have thus far refused. allow for a broad range of biocontrols, Holsombacks to build another driveway­ After all, says Holsomback, "the garden though of course each predator-prey either to the new highway, or to the only is more than the plants and you want to interaction will still have to be carefully other road in the vicinity. Without access save the whole thing." monitored. (Is the Continued on page 9

8 • American Horticulturist· January 1993 Rain Forest Under Glass

While the travel industry has wholeheart­ specimens from edly embraced the idea of ecotourism, Costa Rica, Moody Gardens in Galveston, Texas, is Ecuador, Mexico, reversing the process by bringing the rain Panama, the forest home. On March 27,1993, Moody Philippines, Peru, Gardens will open its Rainforest Pyramid, a Puerto Rico, and 10-story glass and tubular steel edifice Hawaii. Most housing a 40,000-square-foot rain forest plants were chosen ecosystem. The permanent exhibit for their exotic assembles a collection of more than 2,000 beauty or useful­ plants indigenous to three continents. ness: flowering Moody Gardens, a 142-acre recrea­ trees such as pink tional and educational complex and trumpet tree, nonprofit organization located on Galves­ cassias, poincianas, ton Island, is home to the Hope Therapy jacaranda, and Program. Founded in 1982, the program markhamia; vines Moody Gardens's glass pyramid. provides animal and horticultural such as tropical therapy and educational and employment bleeding-heart, Dutchman's-pipe, cup-of­ ment features pine trees, rhododendrons, opportunities to people with physical and gold, and velvet ivy; and food plants such and a network of ponds bordered by emotional disabilities. as vanilla, macadamia, papaya, banana, mosses, irises, and lilies. In the African Although fundraising for Hope and coconut. section, soaring palms dwarf delicate Therapy is the raison d'etre of Moody The exhibit recreates the rain forest ferns and wildflowers, and waterfalls Gardens, the immediate goal of the ecosystems of Asia, Africa, and South cascade over terraced rock formations. exhibit is to vivify for sightseers one of America. In the South American Says Director of Gardens John Kriegel: the earth's most endangered and environment, a path takes visitors past an "It is our hope that our Rainforest potentially most valuable natural Indian ruin festooned with clinging Pyramid will help educate our visitors environments, the tropical rain forest. lianas, through ficus trees and about the importance of conserving our Gary Outenreath, horticulture exhibit philodendrons, and into a canyon ablaze natural resources. So much is still manager for Moody Gardens, says, "Our with colorful orchids, bromeliads, and unknown about the rain forests; but we goal is to create as much visual other epiphytes. Dominated by a woody do know the global community of excitement as we can through foliage, bamboo forest, the mock Asia environ- ecology does impact us all." textures, and colors to demonstrate the beauty, biodiversity, and fragility of the rain forest environment." East Meets West in the South To assemble these rain forest flora, members of the garden staff collected New architectural elements are drawing eight years ago, when Duke Gardens attention to an unusual international plant Director William Culberson was struck by collection at the Sarah P. Duke Gardens' the similarity of the native flora of eastern Predators Continued from page 8 Asiatic Arboretum in Durham, North Caro­ North America to that of eastern Asia. lina. Juxtaposing J a panese­ "This is not very well-known, two-spotted spider mite hiding from the inspired landscape features except among botanists, and predatory mite Phytoselulus persimilis on with a collection of analogous is not reflected in North hairy-leaved plants? Then perhaps it's American and Asian plants American botanical collec­ time to unleash another attack mite, and an award-winning tions. So I sold myself on the Typhlodromus occidentalis.) This kind of American landscape design, idea of developing a collec­ effort doesn't come cheap: Peterson the arboretum embraces the tion of woody plants that estimates that her bugs will cost $3 for best of the East and the West. would underline these rela­ each square yard of plantings for the first On October 16, 100 tionships." That collection year or so, well above the cost of conven­ people attended a ceremony now includes 513 species and tional control. But once the predators are to dedicate the arboretum's cuitivars, among them witch established, expenses should drop. new pagoda like main entrance gate; other hazels, camellias, daylilies, bamboos, hol­ Essential to the program's success, says new architectural elements include stone lies, Japanese irises, rhododendrons and Peterson, is the idea that "the plantings lanterns, an arched bridge, and a small azaleas, deciduous magnolias, Japanese should be healthy but not perfect." seating shelter akin to those where guests apricots, and various ornamental grasses. Biocontrols will not kill every last pest, so assemble before traditional Japanese tea At the dedication ceremony, special guest somewhere in the plantings, something ceremonies. speaker Hisao Kanzaki, a Japanese business will always be chewing a leaf or gnawing The christening of the main entrance executive, remarked on the seeming a stem. After all, if the predators are too gate was especially significant to authenticity of the new accents. "I'm successful, they will run out of food and horticulturist Paul Jones, who has been in astounded that something like this is being starve. This natural "imperfection" is a charge of the 20-acre arboretum since its done in this country." major departure from the homogenized creation in 1984. "The gate with the But Culberson cautions that "We are sterility typical of mall interiors, and that name of the arboretum engraved on the not trying to create the kind of landscape helps to explain Peterson's hopes for the limestone step gives the place its own seen in Japanese or Chinese gardens." In park. "We're hoping," she says, "that the identity," Jones said. fact, the landscape design was origin al park itself gets to be a destination-that Although the gardens have graced the enough to garner a 1990 Award of Merit people will start coming to the mall to see Duke University campus for more than from the American Society of Landscape it, and not just to shop." • 50 years, the arboretum was added only Architects for architect Linda Jewell.

American Horticu lturist· January 1993 + 9 Gardeners' Q&A

stock of cultivars that don't come true the term"certified seed," and does this Q: How can I improve my family heir­ from seed or plants that don't produce mean the seed will germinate better? loom seed varieties without undertaking seed. It··is less damaging or disfiguring to G. B., Pensacola, Florida a complex breeding program? the mother stock than propagation by K. L., Little Rock, Arkansas leaf or stem cuttings. But root A: "Certified seed" conforms to propagation is usually slower than those production guidelines for ensuring the A: As your heirloom seedlings and methods, taking at least four to seven genetic purity of a plant variety as plants are growing, weed out all but the months before propagated plants can be determined under the Federal Seed Act best performers before they flower. This placed in a permanent growing situation. (FSA). The FSA is administered by will prevent poor plants from cross­ Perennials that can be propagated by various state agencies. Seed certification pollinating (if in fact the plant does cross­ root cuttings include bear's-breech programs were formalized under the FSA pollinate) with stronger plants. If plants (Acanthus), windflower (Anemone), in 1939 to help ensure the genetic purity do not cross-pollinate, you can select cupid's-dart (Catananche), bleeding-heart of new and old varieties. While certifica­ outstanding plants and pollinate them by (Dicentra), globe thistle (Echinops), tion does ensure that seed so labeled is hand. Make sure that after hand-pollinat­ storksbill (Erodium), sea lavender what it claims to be and should perform ing a flower, it is covered with a bag so (Limonium), phlox, primrose (Primula), as expected of that variety given the no other pollen will get to its stigma. and mullein (Verbascum). proper planting and growing conditions, At the end of the growing season, sel~ct In January, February, and March, given it does not mean that all the seed is what you consider the best plants of favorable conditions; roots can draw undamaged or that it will have higher whatever variety you want to improve upon the stored starch from the previous germination rates than uncertified seed. upon. Look for the healthiest and most season to begin growing. Dig up the vigorous specimens. They may be the plants you want to propagate. Cut off (): Each year I have a lot of leftover largest-or the smallest, if you want several roots close to the plant's crown, s;;:a. How do I know if the seed is still dwarf or compact plants. Among flowers, where they are largest. Do not remove good to use the next year or the year they may have the biggest bloom, best more than one-third of the entire root after that? fragrance or color. If it is a vegetable or system. Replant the parent plant. R. S., Seattle, Washington fruit, you should select on the basis of Carefully layout the cut roots so that flavor, number of days to maturity, they are oriented from top to bottom, as A: If you have stored dry seed in an number and size of fruits or vegetables, they were growing on the plant. Cut the airtight container in a cool, dark place (a and insect and disease resistance. root pieces into smaller sections about refrigerator), your seed from the previous Collect seeds only from the mature one-and-a-half inches long. Be careful to year is most likely fine to use again. Most fruits of the selected plants and allow keep them right side up. Lay the smaller flower and vegetable seed, if stored under them to dry completely. Put the seeds pieces in neat rows so that they are all optimal conditions, is viable for three to along with a silicone desiccant in airtight correctly oriented. five years. But I would suggest doing a containers and store them in a cool, dark Fill a growing flat with a sterile propa­ germination test on the seed, especially if area. Make sure that each container is gation mix. Make sure the container has it has been stored for more than one year. correctly labeled. Do not grow out seed good drainage. Bank up one side of the Take about 20 seeds and lay them in that is more than three years old flat with soil to a 45-degree angle and lay the center of a moistened paper towel. (especially seed not stored in optimal the root pieces on this bank with their Make sure seeds are separated from each storage conditions) because such seeds are tops up. If the container is large, it can be other. Carefully roll up the paper towel, apt to produce less vigorous and produc­ "terraced" to accommodate several rows twist each end, and place one end in a tive plants than those grown from fresher of cuttings. glass that has several inches of water in it. seed. It is also a good idea to keep a Cover the cuttings entirely with the soil Place in a warm spot and make sure to record of the cultural practices that led to mix, with the top of the cuttings near the label the glass with the seed name and a superior crop. Your record should surface and their bottoms about a half­ date. Unroll the paper towel in about include sowing date, soil condition and inch below the soil surface. The top of the three days and check for any germinated amendments, cultural care, and weather root piece will produce new shoots, while seed. Seed is considered germinated once conditions. By keeping track of what the lower half will generate a root system. a cotyledon has come through the seed worked best for each heirloom, you can Cuttings will produce shoots faster and exterior. Check every day for up to three introduce more of those practices each more uniformly if given an air and soil weeks. Most garden ornamentals and time you grow that specific plant. temperature of at least 60 degrees. Keep edibles germinate within this period of them moist, but do not overwater. When time. After three weeks, count the seeds Q: I'd like to try propagating new shoots appear, you can begin that did germinate. You can figure the ornamental perennials from root cuttings. fertilizing the plants with a balanced percentage of viable seeds for the current Can you explain the basics? Which liquid feed such as 5-5-5. New plants can season, then calculate how many seeds perennials can be propagated in this way? be carefully transplanted to larger, you will need to plant to obtain the N. P., Montauk, New York individual containers when the new root desired number of seedlings. system has sufficiently formed to support -Maureen Heffernan A: Propagation by root cuttings is the growing shoots. AHS Education Coordinator often used commercially when propaga­ tion by other means is too slow or unsuc­ Q: Some seed packages that I Call AHS's Gardeners' Information Service cessful. Like other methods of vegetative purchase are labeled "certified seed" with your gardening questions at (800) propagation, it is useful for increasing while others are not. What is meant by 777-7931 betweem 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. EST.

10. American Horticulturist· January 1993 1993 American Horticultural Society Seed (f~~.. Catalog m Unless otherwise stated, it should be assumed that all plants grown from the seed in this catalog do best in full sun and in well-drained soil.

1. Agrostemma githago 'Milas'. Rose-of-heaven 24-30 inches. Uniformly large day-blooming Blooms less profusely in short-season climates. cultivar. Height: 2-3 feet. Old-fashioned, lilac flowers have flattish orange and yellow rays. Deadhead to promote flowering and stake in rose-colored flowers are cup-shaped and finely Excellent for cutting. Very easy to grow. Blooms windy unprotected situations. Native to North striped, borne on erect, slender stems above spring to frost. Start indoors 8 weeks before frost America. In the North A, elsewhere, B,F,H. grassy gray green leaves. Will self-sow each year. for spring bloom. A,B,H. Prefers very well-drained soil that is not too 16. Dolichos lablab. Hyacinth bean. Height: 6- ferrile. Deadheading spent blooms will encour­ 6. Cardiospermum halicacabum. Balloon vine. 10 feet. Tender perennial vine grown as an an­ age flowering all season. B,H. Height: to 10 feet. Woody-stefnmed perennial nual. An ornamental member of the pea family. grown as an annual. Vigorous self-clinging vine. Flowers pinkish purple, about 1 inch long. The 2. Amaranthus caudatus. Love-lies-bleeding, Dense, feathery, light green foliage smothered purple pod is 2 inches long with black or white tassel flower. Height: 3-5 feet. Vivid red tassel­ with petite snow white flowers, then seed pods seeds. The bean is edible but should be thor­ like flowers last for weeks. The young leaves and that look like green balloons a bit smaller than oughly cooked with 2-4 water changes. A,B,H. seeds are edible. The seeds should not be covered golf balls. In warmer climates plant self-seeds or sown deep. B,G. quite freely . A,B,G,H. 17. Dyssodia tenuiloba. Dahlberg daisy. Height: 8 inches. Feathery, scented foliage and a rounded 3. Briza minor. Little quaking grass. Height: 16 7. Celosia cristata (c. plumosa). Cockscomb. habit. Resembles a small marigold with a multi­ inches. Upright, narrow leaf blades with loosely Very showy annual with bright, feathery, erect tude of small golden yellow flowers. Blooms all attached spikelets of flowers. Gives plant a nod­ plumes. Long-lasting flowers are 4-12 inches summer. Grows in sand and gravely soil and is ding effect, especially in a breeze. Inflorescence is long and may be scarlet, off-white, pink, or ideal for rock gardens or the front of borders or first light green, turning brown at maturity. yellow. A,G. containers. Heat-tolerant. A,B,C,D,H. B,H,K. 8. Ceratotheca triloba. Zimbabwe foxglove. 18. Emilia javanica. Tassel flower. Height: 2 4. Browallia speciosa 'Blue Bells Improved'. Height: to 6 feet. Pendent rose lavender flowers feet. Showy clusters of vivid scarlet V2-inch flow­ Browallia cultivar. Height: 10 inches. Violet­ to 3 inches, borne on softly hairy, squarish stems. ers. Likes a sunny site with dry or sandy soils. blue, star-shaped flowers turn lavender. Vigor­ Leaves 6 inches long, varying from ovate to Drought tolerant. A long-lasting cut flower. A,B. ous branching makes it excellent as a bedding 3-lobed. Native to southern Africa; naturalized plant or in hanging baskets. Prefers a warm in south Florida. J. 19. Gaillardia spp. Blanket flower. Donor un­ growing season with plenty of moisture. Full to sure of species. Height: to 2 feet. Double daisy like part sun. A. 9. Chrysanthemum coronarium. Garland daisy. flowers are deep yellow to red. One of the most Height: 1-3 feet. Has yellow or yellow and white heat- and drought-tolerant of all annuals. Re­ 5. Calendula officinalis 'Pacific Beauty'. Height: daisy like flower heads to 3 inches across. Light moval of faded flowers will prolong bloom. Ex­ green leaves are feathery and branches are up­ cellent cut flower. Early seed germination will right. Summer flowering. A,B,F. ensure first year bloom. Zone 2. A,B,D.

- -- 10. Cleome hasslerana. Spider flower. Height: 20. Gazania x hybrida 'Sunbeam'. Treasure 4-5 feet. This vigorous native of tropical America flower. Height: 6-12 inches. Flowers red, yellow, is good for the back of an informal border. Rose, orange, or pink on stems rising above foliage. purple, pink, or white 2-3-inch flowers with Basal foliage forms small clumps. Blooms early ------"spidery" stamens and seed pods. Half-hardy summer to frost. Likes light soil. This perennial ._- ._------1 annual. Plant in full sun in a warm, dry location. is generally grown as an annual, but can be Reseeds very readily. A,B,D,H. moved indoors for winter months. Zone 9-10. A,B,E,F. 11. C. spinosa. Similar to C. hasslerana but flowers are off-white. Native to southern Mex­ 21. Gomphrena globosa. Globe amaranth. - "-- ico, Venezuela, and Caribbean Islands. A,B,D,H. Height: 8-20 inches. Blooms midsummer to frost. Cloverlike white, pink, and reddish purple flower 12. C. spinosa 'Helen Campbell'. Height: 4 feet. heads about an inch across. Among the best for Compound leaves with spines at base. This vari­ dried arrangements. Tolerant of heat and ety has numerous white flowers with 1-inch-long drought. A,B,H. petals and 2-3-inch stamens. Grows well in sun or partial shade and prefers a dry soil. Makes a 22. Gypsophila paniculata 'Early Snowball'. good cut flower. In hot sunny weather the petals Baby's breath cultivar. Height: 3 feet. Tiny, airy will curl during the day and open fully in the white flowers create a cloud like effect. Used for evening. A,B,D,H. filler or dried arrangements. Double, ball-like flowers. Flowers can be cut at full bloom to dry 13. C. spinosa 'Violet Queen'. Similar to C. for bouquets. Thin to 18 inches apart. B. hasslerana but with less showy, purple and off­ white flowers. A,B,D,H. 23. Helichrysum bracteatum 'Dwarf Hot Bikini'. Strawflower cultivar. Height: to 3 feet. Colorful 14. Cosmos sulphureus 'Sunny Red'. Height: 2 mix of bright yellow, red, orange, and white feet . A stunning scarlet single-flowering cosmos flowers. Excellent for dried arrangements. Very with a bushy habit. Colors turn orangish as easy to grow. A,B,H. plants mature. B,F,H. 24. Impatiensbalsamina. Balsam impatiens, gar­ 15. Cosmos spp. Height: 2-3 feet. Bright yellow den balsam. Height: 2V2 feet. Bushy, with lance­ and orange flowers will bloom all summer and shaped leaves, and bearing 2-inch-wide white into late fall. Likes full sun and sandy soil. Rich and pinkish flowers. Blooms all summer into fall. soil may lead to lush growth and few flowers. Prefers semishade and moist soils. A,B.

2SC ,. AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog 25. 1. pallida. Jewelweed. Height: to 5 feet. fast-growing bushy plant. A,B,H. other insects. Tolerant of drought. Native to Toothed, ovate leaves 3112 in ches long and bright western North America and Mexico. B,H. yell ow-orange flowers, some with dark reddish 34. Sorghum bicolor. Broomcorn. Height: 6-10 spots. Blooms summer to late fall. A. feet . Rapidly growing, coarse-textured annual 42. Viola x wittrockiana 'Swiss Giants'. Pansy used for making brooms. Sometimes puts out cultivar. Height: 7-12 inches. Showy white, yel­ 26. Ipomoea spp. Morning-glory. Donor unsure prop roots. Full sun or partial shade; particularly low, and blue flo wers are 4 inches wide. An of species. Prostrate or climbing habit, growing suited to the Great Plains. B,H. excellent bedding or window box plant. Full to 10 feet or more. Showy blue fl owers up to 5 part sun . Heat tolerant but prefers moist soil. Can inches across, turning pink to white. Easy to 35. Tagetes erecta 'Sugar and Spice Mixed'. be sown in fall in nearly frost-free areas. A,E,F,K. grow. Can be somewhat invasive. Excellent for Marigold mix. Height: 20 inches. Easy to grow. training or interplanting with other climbers. Unbeatable ablity to ward off pests if planted 43. Zinnia elegans 'Rose Pinwheel'. Zinnia cul­ A,B,H. near vegetable gardens. This is the first marigold ti var. Height: 1-2 feet. Bushy plants with single mixture that includes the famous white marigold, daisylike bl ooms 3 inches wide. The flowers, 27. Limonium sinuatum 'Mixed Bold Colors'. as well as bright ye llow, gold, and orange which open pink and mature to a deep rose, are Sea-lavender culti va r. Height: 2-21;2 feet. Vi vid blooms. Fully double, carnation-type fl owers up excellent for cutting. Resists mildew. Deadhead white, yellow, rose, lavender, and blue fl owers to 31/2 inches across on sturdy compact plants. regularly. A,B,H. are borne in papery sprays on stiff stems. Useful A,B,H. for dried arrangements . Start indoors S weeks before the last frost. A,H. 36. T. patula 'Happy Days'. Marigold cultivar. Height: 2 feet. Profuse double fl owers are orange­ or instructions on how to order 28. Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Aster tan­ red and yel low. Early blooming and heat toler­ Fseeds from the 1993 Seed Catalog, acetifolius). Tahoka daisy. Height: 2 feet. Dense, ant. A superb plant for edging, borders, and see page llSe. feathery foliage with compound flowers over two window boxes. A,B,H. The following table provides inches wide, va rying from white to bluish violet. germination information and require­ A,B,H . 37. Tagetes spp. Butterscotch marigold. Donor ments. For some seeds, more than one unsure of species. Bright butterscotch yellow germination technique may be used . For fl owers. Excellent for hot and dry areas and for example, A,B indicates that the seed Save this catalog! keeping away pests if planted as a border around may be sown indoors or outdoors. vegetable or kitchen gardens. A,B,H. Some seeds require more than one Seed packets are marked by catalog number treatment before germination can occur. only, so it will be your only means 38. Thunbergia alata 'Susie Mixed'. Black-eyed For information about warm and cold of identifying the seeds you have selected. Susan vine cultivar. Treat as a tender annual. stratification and scarification see page Climbing plant up to 6 feet. Showy orange, SSe. white, and yellow fl owers with dark brown cen­ "H," which indicates that the seed is 29. Papaverrhoeas. Corn poppy, Shirley poppy. ters up to 2 inches wide. Excellent for trai ling easy to germinate, does not necessarily Height: 2 feet. Cup-shaped flo wers have silky, ground cover, hanging basket, or trellis. Does mean that it is also easy to grow once it crimson petals that contrast with the dark cen­ best with a support. Prefers warm sites. Slow has germinated. If you are unfamiliar ters. Blooms all spring and early summer. Excel­ germination. A,B,H. with a particular species, you may want lent for spring color in borders. Will resow each to consult a horticultural reference book. year. B,H. 39. Tithonia rotundifolia 'Goldfinger'. Mexican General seed germination and trans­ sunflower cultivar. Height: to 6 feet. Daisylike, planting instructions will be included 30. Papaver sp. Poppy. Donor unsure of species. fie ry orange fl owers up to 3 inches wid e. Bushy with your order. Height: 1-2 feet. Multicolored, carnationlike ha bit is excell ent for back of a border or hedge. double blooms. B,H. Often benefits from support for main stem. A May be sown indoors in flats. Dea dhead regularly. A,B,H. B May be sown outdoors where they 31. Papaver spp. Poppy. Donor unsure of spe­ are to grow. cies. Height: 1-2 feet. Mixed colors, singles and 40. Verbena x hybrida. Height: 12 inches. Leaves C Sow indoors in peat pots to doubles. Remove dead flowers to promote are grayish green. Flowers are clusters of pink, minimize transplant shock. blooming. Tolerates poor or fairly dry soil. In purple, red, or blue, 2-3 inches in diameter with D Light recommended for germination. climates with mild winters sow in fall. B. white centers. Seed is sensitive to high moisture E Dark recommended for germination. so water the flat the night before planting rather F Cool temperature required for 32. Rhynchelytrum repens. Natal grass. Height: than after planting. Can be grown as a short-lived germination (55 to 60 degrees). 3 feet. Grass has 114-inch-wide leaf !;'lades. Flower perennial in frost-free regions. A,E,F. G Warm temperattlfe required for is a 6-inch-long, rosy pink panicle fading to pink germination (SO degrees). and silver. Thrives in a sandy soil. Zone 3-S as an 41. Verbesina encelioides. Butter daisy, golden H Easy to germinate. annual, Zone 9 as a short-lived perennial. B,G,H. crown beard. Height: 3 feet. Herbaceous peren­ I Difficult to germinate. nial grown as an annual. Has a loosely-branching J No reliable germination information. 33. Scabiosa atropurpurea. Pincushion flower. habit and ovate, irreg ularly toothed leaves . K Sow in fall. Height: 2 feet. Two-inch-wide flowers are mix of Daisy like fl owers are vivid yellow with toothed purple, rose, lilac, and white. This is a moderately ray fl orets. Will attract bees, butterflies, and - .. Perennials "

44. Achillea millefolium. Common yarrow. tolerant perennials, it thrives in hea t and well­ 47. Alcea spp. Holl yhock. Donor unsure of spe­ Height: 2 feet. Flat heads of rich red flowers drained soils. Zone 4-S. A,B,H. cies. Height: 6-S feet. Spikes of pink, rose, and bloom in summer above feathery dark green purple flowers 2-3 inches across. Requires stak­ leaves. Will rebloom if dea d flowers are removed. 46. Actaea rubra. Bane berry, snake berry . ing. Plant in rich soil. Zone 2-3. A,B,F,H. Good for dried arrangements. Needs full sun. Height: 20 inches. Clump-forming plant pro­ Zone 3-10. A,B,H. duces small , fluffy white flo wers in spring, fol­ 4S. Aletris farinosa. Star grass, unicorn root. lowed in fall by clusters of scarlet berries. Height: 1-3 feet. Tall racemes bearing white flow­ 45. Achillea x 'Coronation Gold'. Yarrow culti­ Requires some shade and moist, slightly acid soi l. ers up to 3 inches wide. Pointed leaves are S var. Height: 2-4 feet. Easy to raise and fast-grow­ This native is a good choice for shady borders inches long. Not terrifically showy, but makes a ing, with fernlike foliage and bright yellow and woodland gardens. Flowering wi ll begin in good choice for native plant gardens and semi­ flowers June to August. One of the most drought- its third year. Zone 3. B,E,I. wild areas. Commonly found in acid soil , moist

AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog" 3SC or dry. Zone 5-10. A,B. species. Same as above except flowers have flowers bloom along branching spikes in mid­ shorter spurs and maximum height is I 1fz feet. summer. Has clump-forming, swordlike bright 49. Anemone occidentalis. Windflower, lily-of­ green leaves. Needs an open, sunny site. Zone the-field. Height: 2 fee t. Divided leaves with si lky 55. Aquilegia spp. Columbine. Donor unsure of 5-9. A,B,K. hairs, l-inch-long white or purplish cup-shaped species. Height: 3-31n feet. Long spurs of vivid flowers. Full sun to part shade. Prefers humus­ scarlet and yellow blooms late spring into early 66. Cynara cardunculus. Cardoon. Height: 6 feet. rich soi l. Zone 5. A,B,K. summer. Airy blue-green foliage and an elegant Has large clumps of arching, pointed leaves. Pro­ .habit. Grows best in semishade and moist, rich, duces bluish purple thistlelike flowers on stout gray 50. A. sylvestris. Windflower, lily-of-the-field. well -drained soil. Sow directly outdoors up to 2 stems in midsummer. Flower heads dry well. Re­ Height: 12-18 inches. Fragrant, nodding, white months before frost or in early spring. If sown quires sun and fertile soil. Zone 9-10. A,B. IVz-inch flowers. May rebloom frequently indoors, place in peat moss and refrigerate for 3 through summer and into fall. Has running roots weeks and then germinate at 70-75 degrees. Zone 67. Daucus carota. Queen-Anne's-lace. Height: and rapidly colonizes open woodlands in humus­ 3. A,B,D. 2-3 feet. Small white flowers borne in a flattened rich soils. Plant in partial shade. Zone 3-9. B. cl uster with single reddish flower in center. 56. Arisaema tripbyllum. Jack-in-the-pulpit. Blooms from June to September. Fernlike, airy 51. Angelica gigas. Height: 5-7 feet. Vigorous, Height: 16-20 inches. Named for green or purple texture provided by finely cut leaves and slender erect plant has 3-6-inch-wide umbels of small hoodlike bracts (spathes), which are followed in stems. Prefers full sun and sandy soil. Popular in white flowers. Leaves are divided into nine 2-to- autumn by bright red berries. Needs full or par­ flower arrangements. Biennial. Zone 3. A,B,D . 3-inch leaflets. Prefers light shade and moist soil. tial sun and rich soil. Zone 4-9. A,B,K. As seeds do not retain capacity to germinate for 68. Delphinium elatum 'Blue Fountains'. Lark­ long, it is recommended that they be sown indoors 57. Asclepias tuberosa. Butterfly weed. Height: spur cultivar. Height: to 3 feet. A mixed dwarf as early after collecting as possible. Transplant 3 feet. Orange, occasionally red and yellow um­ strain. Prefers moist soil. Will flower first year if seedlings outdoors in spring. Zone 4-9. A,K. bels bloom in late spring to midsumer. Attractive started indoors. Southern zones may see poor 2-6-inch-long straplike leaves. Excellent for bor­ performance over time due to heat. Zone 4. A,B,E. 52 . Aquilegia vulgaris 'Biedermeier'. Columbine ders or meadow areas. Thrives in drier, infertile cultivar. Height: 1 foot. Flowers are a mix of dark soils. Usually pest free. Zone 4. A,B,E,H. 69. D. elatum 'Pacific Giants'. Larkspur cultivar. blue, violet, pink, and white with bluish green Height: 4-6 feet . Flower spikes in blue, purple, foliage. Can be quite variable from seed. Plant in 58. Asterlinearifolius. Bristly aster. Height: to 2 pink, and white. Protection from wind and stak­ a sandy well-drained loam with additions of feet. Composite blooms are 1 inch across, whitish ing may be needed. Zone 4. A,B,E. organic matter, in full or partial sun. Zone 4. in the center, with violet ray flowers. Blooms late A,B,H. summer to fall. Zone 4-9. A,B. 70. D. grandiflorum 'Dwarf Blue Butterfly'. Larkspur cultivar. Height: 1 to 3 feet. Half-inch­ 53. A. vulgaris 'McKana's Hybrids'. Columbine 59. Begoniagrandis. Hardy begonia. Height: 2-3 wide, bright blue flowers bloom along 6-inch cultivar. Height: 21fz feet. Spurred, early summer feet. Roughly heart-shaped leaves have reddish branching spikes. This short-lived bedding plant flower in a mix of red, pink, white, yellow, and veins. Fragrant, light pink, 11/z-inch flowers on has finely divided leaves and prefers rich moist crimson. Good for naturalized settings. Needs short stems during summer. Partial shade in the soil. Removal of faded flower spikes, along with full to part sun with good drainage. Zone 4. south. Needs rich, moist soil. Great naturalizing feeding and watering, will encourage a second A,B,K. plant. Zone 6. A,B,H. flush of flowers. Zone 4-9. A,B,E.

54. Aquilegia sp. Columbine. Donor unsure of 60. Belamcanda chinensis. Blackberry lily. 71. Delphinium sp. Larkspur. Donor unsure of Height: 11/Z-3 feet. Bulb produces orange-red, species. Height: 4-6 feet. Erect ha bit with large spotted flowers to 2 inches across. Semierect, 5- to 7-parted leaves. Extremely showy flowers sword-shaped leaves form a fan. Midsummer bloom in early to midsummer on long spikes. flowers are followed by fruit capsules that split Flowers in blue, red, pink, white, violet, and to expose shiny black seeds good for dried ar­ yellow. Prized as a cut flower. Needs staking and --- - ~ ------. rangements. Prefers rich soil. Should be protected full sun in a moist, well-drained, preferably alka­ during cold winters. Zone 5. A,B,H. line soil. Zone 4. A,B,E.

61. Campanula rapunculoides. Creeping bell­ 72. Dianthus barbatus. Sweet William. Height: flower. Height: 3 feet. Violet funnel-shaped flow­ 2 feet. Abundant red, pink, white, and violet ers on long graceful racemes. Rampant spreader. fringed flowers. Excellent for rock gardens. Usu­ Plant in isolated beds. Tolerates any friable gar­ ally treated as a short-lived perennial or biennial. den soil. Zone 5. A,B,D,H. If seed is sown in early summer, it should flower the following year. Makes a long-lasting cut 62. Clematis recta. Height: 3-6 feet. Bush-form­ flower. Prefers rich, moist, well-drained soil. ing herbaceous plant has 3f4-inch sweetly scented Zone 4-10. A,B,H. white flowers in midsummer. Foliage is dark or gray green. Prune down to around 1 foot in early 73. D. barbatus 'Excelsior Mixed'. Sweet Wil­ spring, since flowering occurs on new growth liam cultivar. Similar to the previous entry. only. Zone 3-9. Q,S,I. 74. D. deltoides. Maiden pink. Height: 4-15 63. Codonopsis clematidea. Bonnet bellflower. inches. Low growing with grasslike leaves. Flow­ Height: 2 feet. Twining stems with small oval ers are red or pink with crimson eyes. Plant in full leaves. In June and July, produces I-inch bell­ sun in light, sandy soil. Zone 2-3. B,H. shaped flowers that are bluish white and edged with purple rings. Prefers semishade and light 75. Dicentra eximia. Turkey corn, wild bleeding­ soil. Train over supports or leave to scramble heart. Height: 1 foot. During late spring and among other plants. Zone 4. A,B,K. summer, pink flowers hang from slender stems. Fernlike foliage is gray green and finely cut. Likes 64. Crambe cordifolia. Heartleaf cram be. rich, moist, well-drained soil and semishade. Height: to 6 feet. Clouds of small fragrant white Zone 4-8. A,P,F or K. flowers borne in branching sprays in summer. Crinkled and lobed dark green lea ves. Will toler­ 76. Digitalis purpurea. Common foxglove. ate partial shade. Zone 6-9. A,B,K. Height: 2-4 feet . Extremely showy, tube-shaped, terminal flowers are purplish pink with brown­ 65. Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora 'Lucifer'. spotted throats. Blooms early June to mid-July. Montbretia cultivar. Height: 3 feet. Deep red Self-sows. Seeds sown outdoors in early fall or

4SC • AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog started in a greenhouse during winter should 92. Hibiscus coccineus. Scarlet rose mallow, flower the following summer. Likes part shade Texas star hibiscus. Height 6-8 feet. Deep red and a rich soil. Zone 4. A,B,G,H. Avoiding Damping Off funnel-shaped flowers, 5-6 inches wide, appear from mid- to late summer. Narrow upright 77. Echinops ritro. Globe thistle. Height: 4 feet. amping off disease is the most growth habit. It is native to wetlands, but will Erect stands of sturdy stems with thistlelike D common problem that can occur tolerate drier soils. Full sun to light shade. Zone leaves. Flowers are tightly grouped into large, when starting seed. Seeds germinate and 6-9. B. spherical, compound heads. Easy, undemanding seedlings look healthy then suddenly plant for a sunny location. Excellent for cutting wilt and die for no obvious reason. This 93. H. militaris 'Alba'. Halberd-leaved rose mal­ and dried arrangements. Zone 4-10. B,H. sudden death is caused by fungi in the low. Height: 3-7 feet. Erect, multi-stemmed soil. It could be Rhizoctonia, Pythium, plant. White to pale pink flowers are 3-4 inches 78. Echinops sp. Globe thistle. Donor unsure of Botrytis, or Phytopthora. The fungus wide with red centers. Plant in moist area. Zone species. Height: 3-6 feet. Taller and hardier than may be present in the soil medium, 4-9. A,G,H. E. ritro. Zone 3-10. B,H. seeds themselves, or in water. Damping off occurs most often when soil and air 94. H. moscheutos. Common rose mallow. 79. Eremurus stenophyllus (E. bungei). Desert­ temperatures are above 68 degrees. Height: 3-8 feet. Impressive 6- to 12-inch flowers candle. Height: 31/ 2 feet. Small, canary yellow Especially if you will be starting your are red, white, pink, or bicolor. Its many stems flowers have orange stamens and grow in dense seeds in a warm room, make sure that and 8-inch leaves give it a shrubby form. Full or clumps up to 15 inches long. Wedge-shaped you take the following precautions: partial sun and moist, rich soil. Zone 5. A,G,H,K. leaves are 1 inch wide. Needs up to 5 years to 1. Do not overwater seedlings. bloom. Well-drained soil a must. Can be started 2. Do not overcrowd seedlings. Thin 95. H. moscheutos subsp. palustris. Marsh mal­ and grown in containers for 12-18 months. Zone out as soon as seedlings begin to crowd low, sea hollyhock. Height: 3-8 feet. White, pink, 5. A,B,E,K. each other. and rose flowers. Leaves are rounded and 3- 3. Use a sterile growing medium lobed. Hairy fruits. Zone 4-9. A,G,H. 80. E. x isabellinus 'Shelford Hybrids'. Desert­ with good drainage. candle hybrid. Height: to 5 feet. Long racemes of 4. Never use garden soil dug from 96. Hibiscus sp. Donor unsure of species. Pink oraIJ.ge, buff, pink, or white flowers are borne your yard. flowering, with seeds similar to H. moscheutos. freely in midsummer. Requires a sunny, warm 5. Thoroughly wash all seed flats Zone 4. A,T,D, site. New shoots need frost protection in early and use a solution of Benomyl fungicide spring and fall. May need staking. First blooms (112 teaspoon per gallon water) to 97. Hibiscus sp. Donor unsure of species. Same will appear in third year. Zone 5. A,B,E,K. drench seed flat and soil medium before as above only flowers are all white. Zone 4. sowing. A,T,D. 81. Erigeronpulchellus. Fleabane. Height: 2 feet . Finely textured plants resemble asters. Basal 98. Hosta ventricosa. Blue plantain lily. Height: leaves are up to 5 inches long, while stem leaves 3 feet. Dark green leaves are up to 9 inches long are about half that length. Both are lance-shaped. small yellow flowers. Has fine hairlike bronze and 5 inches wide. Bell-shaped late summer flow­ Yellow flower heads about 11,'2 inches across leaves that are decorative and flavorful. Flower ers are violet-blue on 3 foot stems. Plant in shade. have blue, pink, or white rays. Zone 5-8. B,H . heads should be removed as they fade to prevent Zone 3. A,B,H. self-seeding. Zone 4-9. B,H,K. 82. Eryngium giganteum. Stout sea holly. 99. Iris pseudacorus. Yellow iris. Height: 5 feet. Height: 3-4 feet. Large, thistlelike blue flowers 87. Galtonia candicans. Summer hyacinth. Yellow-flowered iris with blue-green foliage. with broad spiny silver bracts appear in late Height: 3-4 feet. Elegant spikes of drooping, Grows best in moist areas. Blooms late spring. summer. Heart-shaped basal leaves. This bien­ funnel-shaped white flowers in July and August. Zone 6. B,K. nial dies after flowering, but will self-seed. Zone Needs a sunny, protected spot and fertile soil that 3. A,B,K. will not dry out in summer. Semierect, strap­ 100. 1. spuria. Butterfly iris. Height: 2 feet. Stiff shaped basal leaves die back in winter. May be foot-long leaves and blue-purple or lilac flowers. 83. E. yuccifolium. Rattlesnake master. Height: lifted and replanted in spring. Zone 8. A,B. Full or partial sun with moist soil. Zone 4-9. B,H. 3-4 feet. Rounded flowers are whitish, 1 inch across. Taller branches are leafless wi th few 88. Gerbera jamesonii. Transvaal daisy. Height: 101. Kniphofia sp. Torch lily, red-hat-poker. bracts. Prefers dry, slightly acid soil and needs 2 feet. Daisylike, orange-red flower heads are Donor unsure of species. Height: 2-4 feet. Thick, generous topsoil depth to accomodate a long borne singly on long stems. Has basal rosettes of grasslike leaves. Dense racemes of glowing red, taproot. Performs well in both shady woodland large, jagged, evergreen leaves. Excellent cutting orange, or yellow flowers resemble torches or edges and sunny prairie settings. Good for dried flower. Needs full sun and light sandy soil. Zone pokers. Blooms in summer. Well-drained soil a arrangements. Zone 4. B,I,P. 8-10. A,B,D,H,K. must. If seeds are sown directly in spring, flow­ ering will not occur for 2-3 years. Zone 6. A,B 84. Erysimum spp. Wallflower. Donor unsure of 89. Helianthus x multiflorus. Sunflower. Height: species. Height: 1 foot. Slow-growing, evergreen 5 feet . Large yellow flower heads borne by thick 102. Liatris scariosa. Blazing-star, gayfeather. bushy perennial has lance-shaped leaves. Brilliant stalks with large leaves. May need staking. Height: 4-6 feet. Native American wildflower, orange, 4-petaled, scented flowers appear in Blooms late summer to early autumn. Zone 5-9. excellent for borders and meadows. Unbranched spring. Needs full sun. Best treated as a biennial. A,B,H,K. leafy stems end in a dense, long-lasting spike of Zone 3. A,B,F. small purplish flowers. Excellent cut flower, fresh 90. Hemerocallis cultivars. Daylily. Donor un­ or dried. Needs moderately fertile, sandy soil. sure of cultivars. Height: 11f2-3 1/i. feet. A mix of Zone 3-10. A,B. Save this catalog! yellow, orange, pink, red, maroon, salmon, and several bicolor flowers that begin appearing 103. L. spicata. Blazing-star, gayfeather. Height: Seed packets are marked by catalog number about midsummer. Germination will take from 2-5 feet. Two-foot spikes of 5-14 rosy purple only, so it will be your only means 3-7 weeks. Full sun to part shade with rich soil. florets bloom on smooth stems. Drought resis­ of identifying the seeds you have selected. Zone 4. A,B,C,H,K. tant. Winter mulching is recommended in cold climates. Prefers moderately fertile, sandy soils 91. Hesperis matronalis. Sweet rocket. Height: that drain well in winter. Zone 3-10. A,B. 85. Eupatorium purpureum. Joe-pye weed. 1-3 feet. Showy white, purple, to light blue fra­ Height: to 10 feet. Open clusters of purplish grant flowers produced in loose terminmal ra­ 104. L. spicata 'Alba'. Blazing-star cultiva r. flowers appear in late summer. Tolerates varied cemes. Blooms in May and June. Self-seeds Height: 2 feet. Similar to the previous entry but sun and soil conditions. Zone 4. A,B. prolifically. If seeds are started in winter or early with off-white flowers. Zone 3-10. A,B spring, plants will bloom the first year. Does best 86. Foeniculum vulgare. Florence fennel. Height: with light shade and damp, well-drained soil. 105. L. spicata 'Kobold'. Height: to 2 feet. Sim­ 6 fe et. Summer blooms are large, flat umbels of Zone 2-3. A,B ,D,G,H. ilar to L. spicata but with mauve pink fl owers.

AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog . 5SC 106. Libertia formosa. Height: 11/2-3 feet. Three­ 2A-inch opposite leaves. Produces dense clumps Height: 2-4 feet. Very striking blue-green leaves quarter- inch fl owers have three white inner pet­ of vivid scarlet flowers on tall stems in summer. with bell-shaped bluish lavender flowers in ra­ als and three greenish brown outer petals. Has Often needs staking. Full to partial sun. Requires cemes on S-inch erect stems. Considerable vari­ evergreen, clump-forming grasslike leaves and a moist, well-drained, and fertile soil. Zone 4. ation present in this species. Does well in dry slightly longer fl ower stalks. Needs full sun and A,B. soils. Zone 5. A,B,H. moist soil. Mulch with compost or leaves over winter in cooler areas. Zone 9-10. A,B. 112. L. coronaria. Rose campion. Height: 2-3 123. Phlomis russe/iana. Sticky Jerusalem sage. .feet. Bright magenta pink flowers borne on long Height: 3 feet. Performs well as an evergreen 107. Lilium lancifolium. Yellow tiger lily. stems contrast beautifully with greenish white ground cover, having large, heart-shaped basal Height: to 5 feet. Has long, lance-shaped leaves oval leaves that are 1-4 inches long. Blooms late leaves. Whorls of hooded, butter yellow flowers along single erect stem. Produces several turk's­ spring into early summer. Needs full sun. Self are borne along stout stems from June to early cap yellow flowers that have purple-spotted, 3- seeds. Zone 5. A,B,H. winter. Zone 5-9. A,B. 4-inch petals. Needs sun and well-drained soil. Zone 4-S. A,B. 113. L. coronaria 'Atrosanguinea'. Rose campion 124. Physalis alkekengi. Chinese lanterns. cultivar. Same as above except flowers are dark red. Height: 2 feet. Brilliant orange-red fruits look lOS. L. pumilum. Coral lily. Height: 2 feet. Late like glowing Chinese paper lanterns. Angular, spring turk's-cap flowers are glossy, sealing-wax 114. Malva alcea var. fastigiata. Hollyhock mal­ ovate leaves are 2-3 inches long. Prized for fall red, 2 inches wide. Needs full sun and gritty or low variety. Height: 3-4 feet. Blooms in a mass dried flower arrangements. Vigotous grower. sandy alkaline soil. Short-lived but easily propa­ of pink from July to October. Full to part sun. Zone 4-S. A,B,K. gated. Popular cut flower. Zone 3. A,B,H. Short lived, but usually self-seeds. Zone 5. A,B. 125. Physostegia virginiana. False dragonhead, 109. Lunaria annua. Money plant. Height: 3 115. Meconopsis cambrica. Welsh poppy. obedient plant. Height: 4 feet. Impressive 6-10 feet. Flowers are purple or white and fragrant. Height: 12-1S inches. Late spring flowers are 2 inch racemes with 11/4 inch snapdragonlike flow­ Fruit is silvery, papery, and coin-shaped. Useful inches wide, lemon yellow or rich orange. ers in rosy pink, lilac, and white. Called obedient for dried arrangements. Biennial but will reseed. Fernlike foliage. Needs shade and rich, slightly plant because flowers stay in whatever position Plant in full sun or light shade with a well-drained acidic soil. Does not like wet feet in winter or they are placed. Blooms in late summer. Excel­ soil. Zone 6-9. B,H. excessive heat in summer. Seed does not keep well lent for shady borders or wildflower gardens. but will self-sow. Zone 6-9. B. Full to part sun and moist, well-drained soil. Best 110. Lupinus spp. Lupine. Donor unsure of spe­ to plant in spring. Zone 5. A,B,H. cies. Height: 2-3 feet. Stately foot-long racemes 116. Miscanthus sinensis. Eulalia, Japanese sil­ of colorful pea-shaped flowers in early summer. ver grass. Height: S feet. Upright clump of flat, Clump forming habit with deeply palmate, dark 3-4-foot leaf blades. The lea ves are 3/g -inch wide, Save this catalog! green leaves. An eye-catching plant for the back tapering to a sharp tip. Pink to reddish, loose, of the border or naturalized areas. Prefers cooler feathery terminal flowers are S-10 inches long, Seed packets are marked by catalog number climates so mulch to keep summer soil cooler. and appear in fall. Flower plume will stay only, so it will be your only means Needs full sun and moist, well-drained, acidic throughout winter, which makes this a useful of identifying the seeds you have selected. soil. Zone 4-S. A,B,K. plant for winter interest in a garden. Zone 5. A,B,K. 111. Lychnis chalcedonica. Jerusalem campion, 126. Primula veris. Cowslip. Height: to 1 foot. Maltese cross. Height: 2-3 feet. Lance-shaped 117. Oenothera erythrosepala. Evening prim­ Small, rich yellow, sweet-scented flowers bloom rose. Height: 6 feet. Yellow blossoms open in the in clusters from April into May. Crimped basal evening and begin to wilt by midmorning. More leaves are oval, green on top with fuzzy white burst open the next evening. Sow seed in spring; undersides. Prefers a dry site. Zone 5. B,H. plant will not bloom until the second summer. Full sun or light shade. Zone 5. . B,H. 127. Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm'. Black-eyed Susan cultivar. Height: to 30 inches. Golden 118. O. missouriensis. Missouri primrose, sun­ yellow flowers with contrasting dark brown cen­ drops. Height 4 inches. Yellow summer flowers ters. The 'Goldsturm' cultivar has an erect form are bell-shaped and open at dusk. Has stout stems and narrow rough green leaves that form clumps. and oval leaves. Needs sandy soil. Zone 2-10. However, seed-grown plants will vary from the A,B,K. parent. Zone 4-9. A,B,H.

119. Papaver orientale. Oriental poppy. Height: 128. R. hirta. Black-eyed Susan. Height: 2-3 feet 2-4 feet. Twelve-inch fernlike foliage. Showy 4-6 erect with rounded habit. Similar to R. fulgida inch flowers have dark centers and orangish red, but with broader leaves. Blooms summer to fall. white, scarlet, or pink petals. Their long stems Excellent for borders, bedding, and cut flowers. make them look as if they were nodding in the Easy to grow. Full sun to very light shade. Tol­ wind. Blooms in late spring to early summer, the erates heat and dry soils very well. Biennial. Zone second yeat after sowing. Full to part sun. Zone 4.A,B,H. 4. A,B,F. 129. R. triloba. Thin-leaved coneflower. Height: 120. Pavonia lasiopetala 'Rock Rose'. Rose mal­ 4Vz feet. Distinguished from R. hirta by its low cultivar. Height: 3-4 feet. Many basal stems smaller, more numerous flowers with shorter give shrubby form to this pink blooming peren­ rays. Somewhat invasive. Zone 4. A,B,K,H. nial. Flowers are present from late spring to frost. Adapts to many soils and prefers full to part sun. 130. Salvia farinacea 'Victoria'. Mealy-cup sage Zone 6. A,B,H. cultivar. Height: 3 feet. Oval, lance-shaped leaves and tubular, violet-blue flowers borne 121. Pennisetum sp. Fountain grass. Donor un­ along many erect stems. Summer blooming. sure of species. Height: 3-4 feet. Arched, bright Needs sun and fertile soil. Grown as an annual green leaves are 2-3 feet long and create a large in northern zones. Zone 7. A. mound. In fall, they turn golden brown. Flower spikes, which look like bottle brushes, are 5-7 131. Saponaria officinalis. Bouncing Bet. inches long and are borne on 4 foot stems. Height: 3 feet. Rough green leaves are borne on Blooms in mid- to late summer. Zone 5. A,B,K. erect stems. Pale pink or white flowers appear June to September on short stalks. Zone 4-S. 122. Penstemon grandiflorus. Beard-tongue. A,B,H,K.

6SC ,. AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog 132. Silene regia. Royal catchfly. Height: 2-41;2 lobed, aromatic leaves and daisylike white flow­ spires with purple stamens. Erect in form, with feet. Early to midsummer, i-inch flowers have ers that bloom from summer to early autumn. toothed oval leaves, and covered in si lvery hairs. brilliant red, notched petals. Prairie and forest­ Short-lived; sometimes grown as an annual. Zone Zone 5-9. A,B,D,G. margin plant tolerates varied sun and soil condi­ 4-9. J. tions. Zone 6. A,B,H. 138. V. thapsus. Common mullein. Height: to 6 136. Verbascum blattaria. Moth mullein. feet. Soft toothed lea ves are 1 foot long. One-inch 133. S. vulgaris. Bladder campion. Height: 2 feet. Height: to 6 feet. Outstanding columnar habit yellow flowers form clusters along dense erect Clump-forming plant with erect and spreading makes this plant excellent for back of borders or spikes. Tolerates dry soil. Biennial. Zone 5-9. stems and white flowers. Zone 6. A,B,H. specimens. Lovely l-inch yellow flowers with lav­ A,B,D,G. ender colored base. Woolly, grayish blue leaves 134. Talinum paniculatum. Jewels-of-Opar. contrast well with brightly colored flowers. Does 139. Wisteria sinensis. Chinese wisteria. Height: Height: 1-2 feet. Bright pink flowers bloom on not do well in wet or cold soils. Biennial but climbs up to 30 feet or more. Woody stemmed slender stems from late spring through summer. self-sows to bloom the following year. Zone 5-9. vine. Somewhat fragrant, bluish violet flowers Requires sandy soil. Zone 6. A,B,H. A,B,H,K. bloom in pendulous racemes in May. After flow­ ering it develops velvety seed pods. Grow on a 135. Tanacetum parthenium (Chrysanthemum 137. V. chaixii. Mullein species. Height: 3 feet. sturdy structure. Plant in moist, deep, well­ parthenium). Feverfew. Height: 18 inches. Has Summer flowers are 5-lobed, slender yellow drained soil. Zone 5-8. A,F,U,V.

The following wildflower mixtures have been globe candy tuft, dwarf coneflower, wallflower, 144. Southeast Mix. Alabama, Arkansas, Flor­ donated by the Applewood Seed Company in California poppy, cape marigold (Dimorpho­ ida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Car­ Golden, Colorado, a wholesale seed company theca sinuata), annual baby's-breath, sweet alys­ olina, eastern Oklahoma, South Carolina, that specializes in native and wildflower sum, California bluebell, dwarf lance-leaved Tennessee, and eastern Texas. Twenty-one spe­ meadow plants. The mixes contain 16 to 25 coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata), calliopsis (c. cies including sweet alyssum, baby's-breath, species of approximately 40 percent tinctoria 'Nana'), spurred snapdragon (Linaria bird's-eyes, black-eyed Susan, purple cone­ perennials, 20 percent biennials, and 40 maroccana), dwarf yellow evening primrose flower, four-o'clock, annual gaillardia (Gaillar­ percent annuals. Each packet contains enough (Oenotheramissouriensis), Iceland poppy, dwarf dia pulchella), gayfeather (Liatris spicata), gilia seed for approximately 100 square feet. If less garden catchfly (Silene armeria), garden forget­ (Ipomopsis rubra), rocket larkspur, wild lupine space is available, seed can be more densely me-not, and viola (Viola cornuta). Flower colors (Lupinus perennis) , tree mallow (Lavatera sown, but may need to be thinned as plants include yellow, orange, white, blue, pink, laven­ trimestris), and others. develop. Please add $1 postage to your total der, and purple. payment if ordering wildflower mixtures. 145 Southwest Mix. Arizona, southern Califor­ 142. Midwest Wildflower Mix. Illinois, Indiana, nia, southern Nevada, and New Mexico. Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Twenty-one species including Tahoka daisy Planting Instructions Nebraska, Ohio, Wisconsin, southern Manitoba, (Machaeranthera tanacetifolia) , farewell-to­ Sow seeds on a patch of prepared bare ground and Ontario. Mix of 24 species including baby's­ spring (Clarkia unguiculata), prairie coneflower from which all weeds and grasses have been breath, black-eyed Susan, globe candy tuft, prai­ (Ratibida columnifera), calliopsis (Coreopsis removed. Sow in early spring when your area rie coneflower (Ratibida columnifera), purple tinctorial, cornflower, prairie flax (Linum per­ normally has rainfall ample to keep your coneflower, lance-leaved coreopsis (Coreopsis enne subsp. lewisii), flowering flax, penstemon planting area moist. Seeds can be sown in early lanceolata), cornflower, oxeye daisy, dwarf yel­ (Penstemon strictus) , California poppy, corn summer as long as sufficient moisture is low evening primrose (Oenothera missouriensis), poppy, tidy-tips, yarrow (Achillea spp.), and others. available for at least four to six weeks after flowering flax, annual gaillardia (Gaillardia sowing. pulchella), wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), corn 146. Western Wildflower Mix. Colorado, Idaho, Broadcast seeds evenly by hand over the poppy, and others. western Kansas, Montana, western Nebraska, area and rake to lightly cover with one-eighth northern Nevada, North Dakota, eastern Ore­ inch of soil. Thoroughly soak the planting area. 143. Northeast Mix. Connecticut, Delaware, gon, South Dakota, Utah, eastern Washington, Maintain consistent moisture for four to six Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hamp­ and Wyoming. Twenty-four species including weeks or until plants are established, at which shire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tahoka daisy (Machaeranthera tanacetifolia), point watering can be reduced. Pull weeds as Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, prairie coneflower (Ratibida columnifera), calli­ soon as they can be identified. Do not fertilize D.C., West Virginia, Maritime Provinces, and opsis (Coreopsis tinctorial, tri-color daisy (Chry­ unless soil is extremely poor since ferti lizer will Quebec. Twenty-two species including New En­ santhemum carinatum), dwarf yellow evening only encourage weeds and excessive foliage at gland aster, baby's-breath, black-eyed Susan, primrose (Oenothera missouriensis), prairie flax the expense of flowering. purple coneflower, lance-leaved coreopsis (Core­ (Linum perenne subsp. lewisii), annual gaillardia opsis lanceolata), flowering flax, foxglove, gay­ (Gaillardia pulchella), perennial gaillardia (G. 140. Knee-high Wildflower Mix. A mixture of feather (Liatris spicata), gilia (Ipomopsis rubra), aristata, wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), penste­ annuals, biennials, and perennials 6-24 inches rocket larkspur, corn poppy, spurred snapdragon mon (Penstemon strictus), California poppy, high. This mix is designed to suit the needs of (Linaria macroccana), and others. yarrow (Achillea spp.), and others. suburban or urban areas where lower plantings are preferred. This is an excellent mix to plant in front of a house, fence, or wall. Flowers come in various shades of pink, red, yellow, white, blue, orange, lavender, and purple. These flowers in­ Think Thin clude flowering flax, globe candytuft, prairie flax hether sown indoors or outdoors, most seedlings will need to be thinned. Crowded (Linum perenne subsp. lewisii), rocket larkspur, W seedlings and plants do not grow well because they compete with each other for wallflower, annual baby's-breath, dwarf corn­ light, moisture, and nutrients. Crowding decreases good air circulation which can lead to flower, California poppy, lance-leaved coreopsis disease. When thinning plants in containers, use small sharp scissors to cut the plants off at (Coreopsis lanceolata), gaillardia, and corn soil level. Never pull up a seedling, which can damage or disturb the roots of nearby plants. poppy. A general rule of thumb is to thin enough seedlings so the leaves of remaining seedlings are not touching each other. When sowing extremely tiny seeds you will be better able to 141. Low-growing Wildflower Mix. A mixture disperse them if you first mix the seed with three or four times its volume of fine of annuals, biennials, and perennials 6-16 inches horticultural vermiculite. high. A mix suited for walkway areas, driveways, or wherever low growth is desired. Included are

AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog" 7SC . Trees and Shrubs

147. Abies balsamea. Balsam fir. Height: 45-75 young, flat topped at maturity. Rich green fo­ 159. Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis. Heart feet. Conical to pyramidal shape spreading to 25 liage. Needlelike leaves 1 inch long with barrel­ nut. Height: 60 feet. Stout-branched tree with feet with lustrous dark green needles and 2-4- ~haped 4-inch cones. Requires full sun, open site, rounded crown. Fifteen-inch toothed leaflets and inch seed cones. This slow-growing fir prefers and well-drained sandy loam. Does not tolerate large flat heart-shaped nut. Eating quality supe­ moist, acidic soils. Does not tolerate heat, pollution. Zone 5-7. B,H,O. rior to other Asian walnuts. Dry seeds must be drought, or pollution. Zone 3-6. Cold stratify sown when ripe or be stratified and sown the seeds in moist peat for 2-3 weeks, container sow, 151. Cephalotaxus harringtonia. Japanese plum following spring. Zone 4. A,B,R. then transplant. B,K. yew. Height: to 30 feet. Spreading evergreen usually wider than high. Rich, dark green 1 V2- 160. Libocedrus decurrens. Incense cypress. 148. Acerginnala. Amur maple. Height: 20 feet. inch leaves. Superior evergreen for shade and Height: to 100 feet. Evergreen tree with short, Multi-stemmed shrub or tree of a roundish habit. heat of the South. Prefers moist, well-drained flattened branchlets with l-inch-Ion.g seed cones. Doubly serrated 3-inch leaves are often purple soil. Zone 5-9. B in fall, Q. Native to West Coast. Zone 6. A,B,P. when young. Mature leaves are lustrous green on top, light green underneath. Fall fo liage is scarlet 152. Cercis canadensis. Eastern redbud. Height: 161. Lupinus arboreus. Tree lupine. Height: 3-S and yellow. Panicles of yellowish white fragrant 20-30 feet. Ascending branches with new leaves feet. Ornamental shrub for mild climates. Short­ spring flowers unfurl with the leaves and are of reddish purple color that mature to a lustrous stalked palmate leaves. Ten-inch racemes of sClm­ followed by l-inch-Iong winged fruits that persist green. Springtime display of reddish purple buds mer flowers, usually yellow, are followed by into late fall. Native to Asia. Zone 5. L,Q,B or along branches. Yellow fall foliage. Develops 3-inch pods containing S-1 2 seeds. Easy to grow S,Q,B. 2-3-inch true pods in late fall. Frull sun to light and tolerant of poor soils, as long as they are well shade with moist, well-drained soil. Seeds have a drained. Sow in July or August. Zone 8-10. 149. Albizia julibrissin. Silk tree. Height: 40 feet. very tough exterior. Zone 4-9. T,P. A,B,S,T. Deciduous with spreading crown. Alternate lea ves 9-12 inches long with a graceful lacy ap­ 153. Chionanthus virginicus. Fringe tree. 162. Magnolia grandiflora. Southern magnolia. pearance. One-inch, pink, spiky cylindrical flow­ Height: 12-20 feet. Gray bark, medium to dark Height: 30-S0 feet. A densely pyramidal, low­ ers a ppear near the ends of branches. Pods hang green leaves often lustroCls above and paler un.­ bran.ching, stately evergreen with S-inch glossy for some time before falling. Flowers best in. full derneath, and turning yellow or gold in fall. Lacy, sun, but wiJl grow in part shade with average soil. white, fragrant flowers are borne in 6-8 inch Drought tolerant. Zone 6-9. Sandpaper scarify panicles in May and June. By late summer, dark then soak in hot water for 24 hours before plant­ blue grapelike fruits with a stony seed appear. ree seeds frequently need extra treat­ ing. A,B,Q,S,T,K. Excellent in groups or borders. Pollution-toler­ T ment. In the wild, many will not ger­ ant. Prefers moist, .deep, rich, acidic soil. If sown minate unless they have been subjected 150. Cedrus lribani. Cedar of Lebanon. Height: outdoors in fall, will germinate the second spring. to a minimum amount of hot and/or 75-120 feet. Trunk circumference to 50 feet. Zone 3-9. I,A,B,M, then Q,K. cold weather, or until they have been Spreading horizontal branches with lower gnawed or even digested by animals. branches sweeping the ground. Pyramidal when 154. Colutea arborescens. Bladder senna. A period of exposure to warm or Height: 6-S feet. Very vigorous bushy shrub. cold is called stratification. Seeds that Produces yellow, 3/4-inch flowers on to 1-4 inch require cold stratification should be racemes inJ une and July, followed by bladderlike sealed in a plastic bag with a small 3-inch seed pods July-September. Zone 5-7. T. amount of moist (but not wet) sphag­ num moss or peat moss. Tie the bag 155. Ephedra nevadensis. Mormon tea. Height: closed and place in a rdrigerator at 3S 6-7 feet. Distinctive, freely branching shrub can to 40 degrees for the time indica ted, be erect, climbing, or trellised. Habit similar to which may be from one to four months. broom. Native to arid regions of western United Seeds requiring a period of warmth States and Mexico. Prefers porous, slightly dry before the cold stratification treatment soil. During winter needs to be in a greenhouse are treated exactly as for cold with a minimum temperature of 40 degrees. stratification except they they are stored Seeds need no pretreatment. Zone 6-9. A,B. at a temperature of 70 to SO degrees for some period of time. Simply bringing 156. Eriobotrya japonica. LoqHat. Height: 20- seeds indoors for the specified time is 25 feet. Evergreen shrub or small tree. Fragrant, often sufficient. rich, glossy foliage with 1 V2-inch whitish flowers Scarification is the process of that hang in terminal panicles 6-10 inches long. softenin.g or breaking an especially hard Widely cultivated in tropics for its fruit, which or thick seed coat. The seed coat may be will only develop in frost-free regions. Full to part rubbed with sandpaper or a small file or sun. No pretreatment needed. Zone 4-7. A,B. soaked in hot water. Soak the seed in five times its volume of hot water (ISO 157. Fothergilla major. Large fothergilla. to 212 degrees) for 24 hours. The hot Height: 6-10 feet. Multi-stemmed shrub with water is poured over the seed and showy white, sweetly fragrant flowers in late allowed to cool. April to May. Dark green foliage turns yellow, orange, and scarlet in fall. Rarely troubled by L Warm stratification of 2 months. diseases or pests. Must have acid soil. Full to part M Warm stratification of 3 months. sun. Zone 4-S. N,Q. N Warm stratification of 6 months. o Cold matification of 1 month. 158. Hibiscus syriacus. Rose-of-Sharon. Height: P Cold stratification of 2 months. S-12 feet. Stiffly erect shrub with showy single, Q Cold stratification of 3 months. 3-inch pink' purple flowers late summer or fall. R Cold stratification of 4 months. Yellowish fall foliage. One of the best Hibiscus S Scarification. species for northern gardens, and very easy to T Hot-water soak. grow. Makes a good hedge or screen. Full to part sun. Zone 5. A,B,H.

SSC ,*, AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog leaves and large 6-12 inch creamy white flowers inches long. Intolerant of air pollution and salt. One of the world's largest and most majestic in May-June. Flowers are followed by rusty Zone 3. B,Q, or K. trees. Densely branched and pyramidal in youth, brown, conical seed heads 6-8 inches long that it develops an open habit at maturity. Seed loses split open in October and drop scarlet seeds. 172. Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca. Douglas viability quickly, but requires no pretreatment. Fruits heavily in the south. Zone 6-9. A,B,R or fir. Height: to 300 feet. Best suited to northern Sow outdoors, after last frost; provide partial 10-day water soak. gardens. A superior ornamental evergreen with shade for the first growing season. Zone 7-9. B. soft, bluish green needles and 4-inch pendulous 163. M. macrophylla. Bigleaf magnolia. Height: seed cones. Dense pyramidal shape with lovely 176. Sequoiadendrongiganteum. Giant sequoia. to es. ascending branching habit. Prefers neutral to Height: to 300 feet in nature but only to 60 feet Cn ful acidic, moist but well-drained soils and high in eastern landscapes. Pyramidal habit in youth; fra Sorry, Not Available ec- humidity. Zone 4-6. T,B in spring. at maturity, loses its lower branches but retains a 1m in pyramidal crown. Thick, blue-green needles are fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Zone 7-9. 173. Pyrus calleryana. Callery pear. Height: 15- only YIl_I/2 inch long. Cones are 1112.-3 inches long. A,Q or B in fall. 30 feet. Erect, narrow habit with upswept Needs a deep, moist, acidic, well-drained soil and branches. Small, white 3-inch flower clusters ap­ high humidity. Will not perform as well in the East 164. Mahonia neroosa. Oregon grape. Height: pear in spring before leaves, producing a as it does in the Northwest. Zone 6-8. T,P. 12-18 inches. Low-growing evergreen shrub with cloudlike effect. Leaves are 3 inches long, lus­ 3-inch leaflets. Suckers and spreads freely. Yel­ trous and finely toothed, turning yellow to red in 177. Viburnum sieboldii. Siebold viburnum. low flowers from 8-inch racemes and 1/4-inch fall. Grown as an ornamental; :lnd not for its Height: 10 feet. Of open habit and deciduous, purplish blue berries. Part shade. Prefers acidic, russet, 1!z-inch-long fruits. Seeds from 'Bradford' with 6-inch, shiny, toothed leaves, paler under­ moist but well-drained soils. Keep seed lightly cultivar will differ from parents. Zone 6. A,B,Q. neath. Creamy white May flowers in 4-inch-long moist before stratification. Zone 4-8. Q. panicles of flat-topped clusters. Fruits are rose 174. Rhamnus purshiana. Cascara buckthorn. red, ripening to blue-black. Likes acidic soil. 165. Myrica pensylvanica. Bayberry. Height: to Height: to 20 feet. Large, low branching, decid­ Zone 5. A,B,L,Q. 12 feet. Upright-rounded, dense habit. Decidu­ uous shrub or tree. Flowers are umbel-shaped ous to semi-evergreen with dark green oblong and finely toothed leaves are 8 inches long. Quar­ 178. Vitex agnus-castus. Chaste tree. Height: hairy 4-inch leaves that are aromatic when ter-inch black fruits attract birds. Tolerates 10-20 feet. Deciduous, aromatic shrub. Dark bruised. Male catkins and flowers appear in urban conditions. Zone 7. Q,A. green leaves have velvety gray hairs underneath. March-April before leaves. Gray waxy fruits on Fragrant, pale lilac flowers in 7-inch spikes make stems of female plants. High salt tolerance. Re­ 175. Sequoia sempervirens. Redwood. Height: a spectacular show through the summer. Attracts move wax coat and stratify in peat. Zone 2-6 over 370 feet in nature, but in eastern landscapes, butterflies. This Mediterranean native likes heat. A,B,Q. perhaps only 60 feet. Native to the West Coast. Zone 7. A,B,H.

166. Osmanthus heterophyllus. Chinese holly. Height: to 20 feet. Hollylike, spiky leaves, tend­ ing to become oval on upper branches as the Herbs plant ages. White, extremely fragrant autumn flowers . Dense, upright habit. Makes a superior screen or hedge. Full sun to part shade. Prefers 179. Allium schoenoprasum. Chives. Height: 1-2 some shade. Chop leaves and stem tips to flavor fertile, moist, well-drained acidic soils. Slow to feet. Hardy perennial. Clusters of small bulbs meats, salads, and soups. Zone 3. B. germinate. Seed needs no pretreatment. Zone produce bright, blue-green, narrow foliage used 7-9. A,B. for salads and cooking. Rounded, pink to mauve 185. Mentha x piperita var. citrata. Lemon mint. flower heads appear in midsummer. Makes a nice Height: 1-2 feet. Perennial. Erect, fast growing 167. Picea pungens var. glauca. Blue spruce. edging for herb gardens, borders, or walkways. with lavender flowers appearing on short, thick Height: 90-135 feet. Broad, dense, pyramidal Zone 4. A,B,H. spikes. Has citrus scent and flavor. Likes rich, growth with horizontal branches. Becomes more moist soils. Zone 5. A,H. open with age. Blue-green needles and cylindri­ 180. A. tuberosum. Garlic chives. Height: 20 cal, 2-4-inch cones. Moist or dry soils. Zone 2-7. inches. Hardy perennial. Flat leaves have a delicate 186. Myrrhis odorata. Sweet Cicely. Height: 3 A,B,P. garlic flavor. Striking white flowers in late summer feet. Hardy perennial with soft anise-scented, and early fall. Somewhat invasive. Zone 3. A,H. fernlike foliage. White umbel flowers are borne 168. Pinus contorta var. latifolia. Lodgepole above the foliage in May. Leaves can be used for pine. Height: 70-80 feet. Tends to be round­ 181. Allium sp. Donor unsure of species. Another seasoning, especially for fish and salads. Does not topped and fairly dense. Needles and cones both flowering onion similar to those listed above. transplant well once established. Plant young about 2 inches long. Adapts to either boggy or seedling or sow seed directly where it is to grow. dry soils. Seeds need no pretreatment. Zone 4. 182. Borago officinalis. Borage. Height: 1-2 feet. Likes shade and good humusy soil. Has a long A,B. Annual. Delicate bluish pink flowers are star­ germination time. Zone 3. A,B,K. shaped with black stamens protruding from pet­ 169. P. ponderosa. Ponderosa pine. Height: 60- als. Rough, hairy foliage grows to 6 inches long 187. Ocimum basilicum. Sweet basil. Height: 100 feet, with a 25-30 foot spread. An important with a somewhat weedy appearance. Flowets and 1-2 feet. Annual. Bright green foliage and tiny, timber tree in the West. Narrow pyramidal habit young tender foliage taste like cucumbers and are whorled, white flowers. Aromatic herb used in when young, maturing to a more cylindrical used for a "cooling effect" in wine drinks and minestrone, vegetable dishes, tomato sauces, form. Dark to yellow-green needles are 5-10 salads. Flowers can be candied to decorate cakes. pesto, and other Italian dishes. Pinch back new inches long; cones are 3-6 inches long. Fairly fast Will grow in any average soil. A,B,C,H. leaves and flower buds to produce more growth grower. Needs full sun and deep, moist, well­ and a bushier habit. Prefers a warm location with drained, loamy soil. Seeds need no pretreatment. a moist, well-drained soil. A,B,H. Zone 3-7. A,B. Save this catalog! 188. O. basilicum 'Citriodorum'. Lemon­ 170. P. radiata. Monterey pine. Height: to 60 scented basil. Annual. Height: 12-18 inches. feet. Extremely valuable for seaside plantings. 183. Isatis tinctoria. Woad. Height: 4 feet. Bien­ Bushy habit. White tubular flowers. Excellent for Irregular but handsome open habit with 4-6-inch nial. Flowers are yellow panicles. Yields a beau­ vinegars. Care the same as for sweet basil. needles, 3-6-inch seed cones. Native to southern tiful blue dye. Sprays of seed pods are useful in California. Needs slightly dry soil. Zone 7. B,T. dried arrangements. A,B. 189. Salvia clevelandii. Cleveland sage. Peren­ nial. Height: 3 feet. Fragrant shrub with grayish 171. P. strobus. White pine. Height: to 120 feet. 184. Levisticum officinale. Lovage. Height: 4-6 }3/4-inch leaves, blue 3/4-inch flowers. Can be Mature crown is composed of several horizontal feet. Hardy perennial. Looks like a tall, much­ used like rosemary in cooking. Prefers dry soils and ascending branches. Bluish green needles are branched celery with slender stems. Grows best and low humidity. Native to southern California. 5 inches long. Cones are dark gray brown and 6 in rich, moist soil. Prefers full sun, but will take Zone 9. A,B.

AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog . 9SC 190. Salvia officinalis. Garden sage. Height: 1-2 fertile soil. Zone 6-9. A,B. ergreen ground cover, it has oval shaped leaves feet. An aromatic, evergreen subshrub with ob­ and produces blue-violet and white flowers in long, gray green woolly leaves. Short racemes of 191. Thymus vulgaris. Common thyme. Height: spring and early summer. Prune plants to keep a blue-purple flowers are borne in summer. Foliage to 12 inches. Hardy perennial. A favorite herb bushy habit. Needs full sun with dry soil. Germi­ is used in both cooking and medicine. Needs for seasoning poultry and savory dishes. An ev- nates in 21-30 days. Zones 6-9. A,B,F.

192. Brassica juncea var. crispifolia (B. japon­ 196. Citrullus lanatus 'Ice Cream'. Watermelon 206. Phaseolus vulgaris 'Blue Lake Express'. ica). Chinese potherb mustard. Height: 1 foot. A cultivar. Produces 25-pound fruits with thin Bush bean cultivar. A new disease-resistant, high­ very mild-tasting oriental green with elegant, green rind, bright red flesh, and white seeds. A yielding bush bean that ripens extra early. Excel­ feathery foliage. Fast-growing. Harvest young reliable heirloom. Matures in 75-90 days. A,B. lent fresh, frozen, or canned. Harvest pods while lea ves or more mature heads. Will produce greens young and tender. Regular picking encourages throughout growing season. B,H. 197. Cucumis melD cultivar. Honeydew melon. more production. Matures in 44 days. B. Donor unsure of cultivar. Produces 2-4 pound 193. B. oleracea. Russian red kale. Height: to 3 melons with smooth, greenish white rinds and 207. P. vulgaris 'Hutterite Soup'. Bush bean feet. One of the rarer varieties. Frilly, wavy red­ light green or white delicate-tasting flesh. Start cultivar. Plump, light green seeds. Grows to 16- dish purple-veined leaves. Plant late spring to indoors in peat pots or sow outdoors 2 weeks 24 inches. Can be made into a creamy white summer. Excellent for an overwintering crop in after last frost and thin to 2-3 feet apart. In gourmet soup. Matures in 55 days. B,H. the Pacific Northwest. Matures in 50 days. North, spread black plastic over soil to give A,L,K. plants a boost. A,B,L. 208. P. vulgaris 'Ruth Bible'. Pole bean cultivar. Heirloom grown by a Kentucky family since the 194. Capsicum annuum 'Thai Hot'. Pepper cul­ 198. C. melo cultivar. Galia perfume melon. 1830s. Vigorous grower yields 31;2 inch brown­ tivar. Mound-shaped plants about 8 inches high. Honeydew-type fruit has green gold netted exte­ ish tan pods that are best if picked when young. Extremely hot, 1-inch green and red peppers. rior. Melons may be up to 3 pounds. Cool sum­ Matures in 52 days. B,H. Used in oriental cooking and as an ornamental. mers might be beneficial. Matures in 85 days. Great for edging, borders, or containers. Matures A,B,H. 209. Zea mays 'Hopi Blue'. Corn cultivar. in 60-70 days. A. Height: 5 feet. This ancient corn cultivar was a 199. C. sativus 'Lemon'. Cucumber cultivar. staple of the Hopi Indians of northern Arizona. 195. Chenopodium quinoa. Multi-head quinoa. This old American favorite produces fast-grow­ Bushy plant develops 7-inch ears with smooth Height: 5-6 feet. Flowers in tail-like panicles of ing, light yellow fruits that resemble lemons. The blue kernels. Used for flour. Soak overnight be­ red, orange, yellow, purple, or mauve. Small, mild, crunchy cucumbers can be eaten raw or fore sowing. Matures in 90-100 days. B,H. egg-shaped, dull blue-green leaves can be used as pickled. Harvest· when young. Vine does best salad greens and the seed heads can be cooked or with a trellis support. Matures in 61 days. B,C. 210. Z. mays 'Red Dent'. Corn cultivar. Height: used as flour. Matures in 100 days. Detailed use 9 feet. This corn is highly resistant to blight and and growing sheet will be enclosed with order. 200. C. sativus 'Russian Pickling'. Cucumber drought. Ears average 9-12 inches. Should be B,K. cultivar. An excellent pickling cuke. Introduced eaten while the kernels are white; kernels turn red in 1850. Fruits are 6 inches long and grow later in the season and become tough. Matures in clusters of 2 or 3. Will grow along in 105 days. B,H. ground, or in a container if trellising is provided. Matures in 52 days. A,B. 211. Z. mays 'Tom Thumb'. Popcorn cultivar. Height: 31;2 feet. An heirloom dwarf popcorn 201. Cucurbita maxima 'Sweetmeat'. Winter with ears 3-4 inches long. Yields 2-4 ears per ~"""'---~ squash cultivar. A big squash with a pinkish plant. Delicious. No hard centers in popped ker­ orange or grayish rind. Heart-shaped leaves and nels. Matures in 85 days. B. yellow flowers on sprawling vines. Hand-pollinate for early fruit. After last frost direct sow 4 feet apart in rows 10-15 feet apart. Use black plastic mulch in North. Matures in 110 days. B,C,H. . Greenhouse

202. C. pepo 'New England Sugar Pie'. Pumpkin cultivar. Excellent for cooking. Small to medium These plants can be grown in the greenhouse fruit. Bright orange rind with rich, sweet orange or outdoors in Zones 9 or 10. flesh. Matures in 100 days. B. 212. Annona cherimola. Cherimoya. Height: 20 203. Lepidiumsativum. Garden cress, broadleaf feet. Evergreen tree. Leaves are oval or lance­ cress. Use the pepper-flavored, sword-shaped shaped, velvety beneath. Strongly aromatic, usu­ lea ves in salads or sandwiches while they are ally solitary flowers with nodding fragrant outer small and tender. Very fast-growing. Make small petals. Four-inch fruits have a custard like flavor. plantings every 3 weeks from spring until hot Hand-pollinate for fruit. A. weather, then again in fall. Matures in 45-60 days. B,F. 213. Argyroderma patens. Height: 1 inch. Clump-forming, perennial succulent similar to 204. Lycopersicon lycopersicum 'Peron living stones. Grayish silver leaves and tiny, 5/8- Sprayless'. Tomato cultivar. A disease- and inch yellow to bronze flowers. Requires well­ crack-resistant tomato that outperforms many drained porous soil, maximum sunlight and hybrids. Deep scarlet fruit is vitamin-rich and winter temperatures of about 60 degrees. Sharply excellent eating. Ripens in midseason. Needs reduce watering in winter. A,L. staking. A,B,H. 214. Bauhinia variegata. Orchid tree. Height: 205. L.lycopersicum 'Yellow Bell'. Tomato cul­ 20-40 feet. Scented ornamental with heart­ tivar. This heirloom bears yellow, pear-shaped shaped 6-inch leaves. Flowers are spadixlike, 1 fruits about 3 inches long. A superior tomato for inch long with 2-inch red to magenta or white paste. Matures in 60 days. A,B,H. petals. Minimal maintenance. A.

10SC. AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog 215. Caesalpiniamexicana. Height: 30 feet. Na­ seed. All contributions to the American tive to Mexico. Oblong pinnate leaves, 2h-inch­ How to Order Horticultural Society are tax-deductible. long yellow flowers. Soak seeds in warm water Although we have a considerable amount of 24 hours before sowing. Sow direct in frost-free many of the seeds listed, in some cases the seed areas; elsewhere, container grow and bring into is in short supply. To increase the chances that Seed Program 1994 greenhouse in winter. Zone 10-11. A,B,T. you will get what you want, fill out the order One of the greatest rewards of gardening is the form on this page and mail it immediately. feeling you get when you've raised a plant in 216. Carica papaya. Papaya. Height: to 25 feet. Whenever possible, we'll send your first such abundance that you have enough seed, Generally branchless trunk carries palmate leaves choices, but please also list alternate selections cuttings, or divisions to share with your friends. 2 feet in diameter on 2-foot stalks. Fragrant that we can send in case we run out. Start thinking now about sharing your 1993 yellow flowers with I-inch petals form clumps, After sending in your order, it is important bounty with AHS's nationwide community of mainly on female plants. Melonlike oval fruit has that you keep this catalog: you will need it to gardeners. Although much of the seed in our a thick, yellowish orange skin when ripe. Zone identify the seeds you receive. All the seed catalog is donated by seed companies and 10. C,T. packets are marked with only the master list botanical gardens, we also depend heavily on numbers that appear in this catalog. You will donations from members. Particularly if you 217. Cheiridopsis spp. Donor unsure of species. not be able to identify your seeds if you do not have any unusual or rare plants in your garden, Dwarf, clump-forming, tufted succulents native save this catalog. we hope you will collect the seed and send it to to southwest Africa. Leaves are of various sizes, The cut-off date for orders is May 1. The us for the 1994 seed offerings so that it can be which gives the plants a wild appearance. Leaves longer you delay in placing your order, the less shared with other American Horticultural usually greenish white with dark green spots. likely it is that you will receive your first choices. Society members. For information on the 1994 Flowers are yellow, orange, white, or violet-red As you complete the order form, we hope Seed Program, write to: and h -4 inches across. Needs maximum sun, you will consider making a donation to help Seed 1994 with a porous, well-drained soil. Water only defray the cost of the Seed Program. We suggest American Horticultural Society when soil becomes very dry. H . a minimum of $2 if you are ordering 10 packets 7931 East Boulevard Drive of seed, and $3 if you are ordering 15 packets of Alexandria, VA 22308-1300 218. Delonix regia. Royal poinciana. Height: r------, 20-50 feet. A wild and rangy, brilliant parasol of , flowers in May-June. Flowers are 5 inches across in bunches of intense scarlet or crimson; one petal is marked with white or yellow. Very fast grow­ ing. Zone lOb. Hot water soak. B,H.

Save this catalog! American Horticultural Society Seed Distribution Service 219. Gymnocalycium spp. Chin cactus. Donor • List your selections by number only. unsure of species. Small, round cacti often sold as novelties in florist shops. Mostly grayish green • Attach the mailing label from your copy of the News Edition or fill in your name, addr

220. Heimia myrtifolia. Height: 3 feet. Decidu­ AHS Member Code Number: ous shrub with very slender branches and lance­ Name: shaped, 2-inch leaves. Small yellow flowers with prominent stamens and style bloom throughout Address: summer. Benefits from occasional pruning of City/State/Zip: older branches. H. List Your Selections by Number Only 221. Lapidariamargaretae. Karoo rose. Height: Under 2 inches. A succulent native to South Please send me the following" first preference" seed packets: Africa and similar in appearance to living stones. 1. 5. 9. 13. Thick, 1f2-inch-long leaves are white to reddish, flat on one side and rounded on the other. Flow­ 2. 6. 10 14. ers, up to 2 inches across, are golden yellow. They 3. 7. 11. 15. look like daisies, though their structure is very different. Requires full sun, low humidity, and 4. 8. 12. extremely well-drained porous soil that is never In case the supplies of some of your selections have been depleted, please list alternate too wet or cold. Likes a winter night temperature selections on the blanks below: of 50-55 degrees with day temperatures 10 de­ grees warmer. Water very sparingly when soil 16. 18. 20. 22. dries out. A,H. 17. 19. 21. 23. 222. Lithops optica. Living stones. Height: o Please send me 10 selections. I enclose my $2 voluntary contribution to help defray postage Under 1 inch. Essentially a stemless succulent, and handling costs. forming stonelike clumps buried in sand with tips o Please send me all 15 selections. I enclose my $3 voluntary contribution to help defray of leaves exposed. Various markings with trans­ postage and handling costs. parent "windows." Solitary flowers appear in central split after 3-4 years. Likes gritty porous o I have enclosed an additional $1 for one or more wildflower mixes. soil and a hot dry environment. After the first You can help us continue to expand and improve the AHS Seed Program if you contribute yeat, keep moist in the summer but do not water more. Contributions to the American H orticultural Society are tax-deductible. from early autumn to early spring. Give maxi­ MAIL TO: AHS Seed Program, 793 1 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. mum illumination in winter. Hardy to Zone 8. , A,G,H. L ______...J

AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog " 11SC Individuals Mary J. Lopez Businesses Native Seed Adeline Maltazan and Foundation Mrs. John P. Bailey Paul C. Mango NonAAlp King Lawn & K. Boals Russell H. Manning Organizations Garden Company William J. Bolfink Pat & John McCormack Abundant Life Seed Pacific Southwest Charles Bouwsma Meneice Foundation Nursery Luis & Mary Brillas Mildred Metz American Penstemon Peace Seeds Linda S. Davis S. & P. Nicholson Society Prairie Moon Nursery Fury Feraco Gail L. Palm Applewood Seed Salt Spring Seeds Evelyn G. Helm Patricia Posey Company Shepherd's Garden Polly Hill Chrystal H. Rogers Bernheim Forest, Seeds Bob & Bee Hobbs Nora Schwab Arboretum & Strybing Arboretum Herman J. Hoffman Mrs. John T. Stauffer Nature Center Society of Golden Mary L. Jelks Steve Stewan Columbus Zoological Gate Park Jim Jones Kathleen Thompson Gardens Sunshine Farm & John R. Keller Mary Ruth Unger Heirloom Garden Garden Helen Kramp Dick Van Duzer Seeds Watkins Woolen Mill R. S. L. Tom Vogelsang Lofts Seed Inc. State Historic Site Larry Larson Mrs. Ben J. Vos Mesa Garden W. Atlee Burpee & Eldora Legatski Constance G. Weeks Company

1992 Seed Program Do~ors

Thanks to the Gary Christensen Benjamin Gundelfinger Marky C. Love Melanie A. Reap Gail Therrien following members Andrea Stolz Clark Walter J. Habowski W. G. MacKay Virginia K. Rinker Janet Thierfelder who donated more Michael F. Clark Thomas M. Hall Mrs. D. L. Madison Debbie Rivetts Warren Tucker than $10 to the 1992 David A. Clements S. A. Hambee Joseph T. Maier Mr. & Mrs. N. L. William T. Unkefer Seed Program. Frank B. Correia Jess Hanks Spencer A. Manthorpe Robenson M. Utley Mrs. Roger Craig Mrs. Charles Harff Bruce C. Marshall Charles A. Ross Bob Vandegrift Philip & Eva Altekruse Sonnie Croft L. Hayganh Ira Manin Diana Sa lvatore Mrs. Cornelis Van Dop Lynn Aminzadeh E. Curry James R. Hebden John F. Manin Nina Sandrich Ben Van Vliet Edward Ancewicz Tonja K. Curry R. F. Hemphill Jr. Kathleen O. Manin Edith Schafer Paul Van Wyk Louis Anella Paul Cusack Marilyn Hendrix Norman E. Manin Nina Schneider Anuro Volpe Vicki Armstrong Scott Danner C. L. Henerich William H Mathers James A. Sevener Mary Kay Von Cynthia R. Atkinson Linda Davis F. J. Herzberg Mrs. Gene Maudlin Benton Sherman Erdmannsdorf Julian Aurelius Elinor A. Dee Steve Hess E. L. McKinley W. Shrewsbury Karen Von Kaenel A. E. Baggett Jr. Mrs. Richard A. Dennis Lynne P. Hillabrant Berry McManin-Smith N. E. Shumate Edward Wagner Helen W. Baldwin Roben E. Dennis Nancy Holk June R. McMichael Mallory P. Siegel C.H. Webb Tal Barnidge H. J. Dettmer Jr. Richard Hupfel Roben D. McMullen Anthony Skillion Constance G. Weeks J. P. Banlett Earl K. Dore Roben J. Hyland Aaron G. Meislin Michael Skiscim Charles F. Weiss Jane Bartlett Mrs. William C. Jodith Janes Karen Meyers Sandra Smith-Brown Idell Weydemeyer William F. Bauer Douglas Norman G. Jensen Randy Meyers Mrs. R. S. Stanley June c. Whale J. Donald Bee W. Donald Dresser Mrs. C. Johnson Manha Milios Doris Stone Barbara E. White J. D. Bell William T. Dresser Mrs. Hamilton Johnson Walter Miller Jacqueline A. Stringer Mrs. Alfred H. Williams Dianne Benson Leonard L. Durocher Sally Johnson Mrs. A. F. Minor Maryanne M. PhylliS C. Williams Mrs. K. Bergey S. J. Duvall Larry M. Jones John C. Mitchell Strockbine Russell Williamson Santo B. Benuzzi Mrs. H. C. Edens Mrs. J. M. Jordan Edward L. Mollen Felix F. Stumpf Mrs. C. E. Winters Phoebe S. Blackston Lorraine F. Elliott Linda Jovanovich Luis C. Montaldo Dianne Swann Donald Wootton Dennis Bohaty D. Esslinger Jane Kammerer Ed Morgan Kristin G. Sweeney Judith M. Wright Charles Bouwsma Roger Farmer O. T. & S. M. Kassouni Deborah Motai James S. Taylor Dennis G. Yonke Marian Bramlette Marian M. Fick Diane L. Keaton Roben W. Munson Jeffrey W. Terrel Helen Branch Shirley E. Fiddes Kate Ke lly Mary Louise Nelson James F. Brewer Mrs. D. Finkelnburg H. P. & M. W. Kirber John R. Neuman Linda H Brink Terry Fitler Elmer Kirchner Melvin R. Noll Victoria Bronnenberg Roben Graham Foss Mrs. Eugene Kleiner Charles G. Norrington Free Advice! Emerick Bronson Niki C. Fowler Mary Jo Klosterman June E. O'Brien H ave questions about seeds, sources, Mrs. Fitzhugh L. Brown Mrs. Charles Francik Helen R. Knauff M. Packie fungus, or fertilizer? Write us or take Mrs. Pat Burnett Deborah J. Freeman Maryalice Koehne Sabina Parks advantage of our toll-free number to call H. D. Burpo Mary M. Fuqua T. Y. Korsgren D. C. Passafiume GIS between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. EST. Steven J. Burris Frank W. Gardner Peter Kosiba Mrs. Vincent J. Pericelli Roben Bunon Andrew C. Gerachis Donhy Kostroun Alice M. Peterson Barbara G. Bystrom Judy Geschwindner Mr. & Mrs. G. R. Kruer Gricilda S. Pitigala Susan Cameron Aurel E. Gleason Carl Langley Sharon Plankers (800) 777-7931 Kathleen Campbell Karen Goellner Mrs. G. W. LeWis-Jones Judith C. Pottle Sarah Hunter Casey Philip K. Graham Mrs. Bo G. Lindfors Douglas Proops We have an extensive library, plus staff and Mrs. E. H. Cate Neil G Grant Dorothea Lindsey Mr. & Mrs. Donald volunteers who can answer questions or Mrs. Lloyd A. Cestare Leila L. Graves Mrs. C. D. Linton Rahlmann help you find plant sources. B. Chaffee R. R. Gray Sharon M. Liske Sylvan Raphael James B. Chesser Judith W. Green Irene M. Lott Mildred Rathbun

12SC,. AHS 1993 Seed Program Catalog Garden Sensibly.

Katy Moss Warner; f 11~ General Manager of /' J Victory Garden Host Horticulture at Walt Roger Swain offers·An Disney World and AHS , Ear to the Ground: board member discusses Listening to the the visual appeal of color. Heartbeat of a Garden. "

Robert Marvin, a South Rayford Reddell, olMler of Carolina landscape Garden Valley Ranch in architect, will speak on Petaluma, Calif., presents the visual elements of "Fragrance - Whose garden design. Nose Knows?" Colonial Williamsburg and the American Horticultural Society present "Cultivating for the Senses: The Sights, Sounds and Aromas of the Garden"

Join more than 200 horticultural Garden Symposium includes six days of professionals and home gardening access to Colonial Williamsburg's enthusiasts for the 47th exhibition buildings, craft shops, museums, and gardens; two receptions; Willialnsburg and a full schedule of tours, talks, demonstrations, clinics, conversations Garden Synlposium and optional master classes. April 4-7, 1993 Please send information on the Garden Symposium. Name ______For full registration information, please mail the coupon to Garden Symposium, Address ------P.O. Box 1776, Williamsburg, VA City State Zip ______23187-1776, or call (804) 220-7255. Telephone

American Horticulturist' January 1993 • 11 Gardeners' Bookshelf

The Wild Gardener Martha E. Hellander. North Star Press of St. Cloud, Inc. , St. Cloud, Minnesota, 1992. 192 pages. 73/8" x 101/4". 550 HOME Black-and-white illustrations and §arlencr photographs. Publisher's price, softcover: The Ufe and Selected W ritrngs,of Eloise But1e~' LANDSCAPING $19.95. AHS member price: $17.95. ~ IDEAS ~ Eloise Butler may not be a familiar name TIe :MoS! (Prac!!c·,il and Ccmprebellsive to those living outside Minneapolis, but Vau:::;! SoW'-cebook her fascinating life as an amateur plant of v...ndscapi:;fj :,deas hunter and her work in establishing Minneapolis's Wild Botanic Garden (now the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary) are certainly deserving of recognition beyond the boundaries of Minnesota. Luckily Martha E. Hellander has told her story in The Wild Gardener. Butler, who was born in Maine in 1851, moved to Minneapolis in 1874 to accept a teaching position. Minneapolis 550 Home Landscaping Ideas had been settled 26 years earlier and was Catriona T. Erler and Derek Fell. well on its way to becoming a leading Photographs by Derek Fell. Simon & lumber- and flour-milling city. Butler Schuster, New York, 1991.192 pages. spent 37 years teaching in Minneapolis's 91i2" x 111/2". Color photographs. schools (she also taught for several years life's work became the promotion of the Publisher's price, hardcover: $30. in Maine and Indiana before moving to appreciation and conservation of native AHS member price: $27. Minnesota), most of them at Central plants through development of the High, where she taught history and botany. garden." Butler held the curator position This book is just what it says it is: chock Throughout her teaching career, Butler until her death at age 81 in 1933. full of ideas for every sort of garden under searched the wild places of Minnesota The first half of The Wild Gardener is the sun. Seven chapters cover international, and Maine for wildflowers. During the devoted to the story of Butler's life. The regional, seasonal, plant-theme, and color­ mid-19th century, devoted amateurs second half includes selections of Butler's theme gardens, plus garden accents and could still discover new plant species and writing, including an article, "Botanizing habitat gardens. Window shop through Butler pursued the study of botany and in Jamaica," that she wrote in 1902 for these categories and you're sure to find plant collecting with a focused Postelsia, a publication of the Minnesota some ideas that will work for you: determination. In 1881 Butler began a Seaside Station at Vancouver; selections Perennials in smashing color decade-long fascination with desmids­ from a weekly column on Minnesota's combinations; Japanese green on green; tiny freshwater algae-and her collecting native and naturalized plants written for two bronze statues of little girls in a pool; skills eventually yielded seven new the Sunday Minneapolis Tribune in 1911; a wonderfully secret space enclosed by a species, including one that Francis an article, "Cultivation of Native tall hedge; overflowing urns and Wolle-a Moravian minister who had Ornamental Plants," originally published "portable color" in pots and tubs, and an published articles on freshwater algae in in Minnesota Horticulturist in 1912; and incredible profusion of blooms spilling botanical journals since 1876-named for a reprint of a two-volume selection of out of window boxes; romantic arbors of her, Cosmarium eloiseanum. Butler's Butler's writings published by friends many designs dripping with roses or success with the desmids led her on to after her death-Butler had intended to wisteria. You will find water, stone, plant-hunting expeditions in Jamaica, use this material in a book, Annals of a grasses, autumn foliage, trees, and Nova Scotia, British Columbia, Maine, Wild Garden, a chronicle of the natural evergreens. and Colorado. history of the wildflower preserve. Derek Fell, coauthor with Catriona T. In 1907 Butler and three other botany Each chapter of The Wild Gardener Erler, is internationally known for his teachers prepared a petition requesting contains detailed footnotes and the book garden photography and more than 30 that the Minneapolis Park Board set aside includes a bibliography and an index. garden books. Erler, a free-lance garden a boggy area in Glenwood Park for a Hellander lived near the Eloise Butler writer and lecturer, joins him in offering wild botanic garden. Their request was Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary practical tips and design basics for the granted and on April 27, 1907, Butler for five years and she began researching best use of space, color, water, wrote in her journal, "Opened today the Butler's life in 1988. The biographical ornamentation, and all-season planting, 'Natural Botanical Garden' by planting sections are well-balanced with Butler's according to your geography and two pitcher plants, which I had kept over articles, making The Wild Gardener a personal taste. -Faith Jackson winter." Butler became curator of the piquant look at the life of the woman Minneapolis Wild Garden four years later who "provided Minnesotans with a Faith Jackson is the former book review at age 60. "She became one of those rare treasured wild place in the midst of vast editor of the Miami Herald and a Master persons whose lives completely express urban expansion." Gardener. their calling," Hellander writes. "Her -Mary Beth Wiesner, Assistant Editor

12. American Horticulturist· January 1993 the seeds back to their nests, consume the oily appendages, and discard the seeds in heaps to create new beds of fringed polygalas; mayapple fruits can be used to The National Wildflower make marmalade but all of its other plant Research Center's parts are highly toxic; mountain laurels WIldflower Handbook are "spring-loaded" and may throw Voyageur Press, Stillwater, pollen a foot or more without insect aid; Minnesota, 1992.304 pages. 57/8" the Chippewas used hepatica roots as x 9". Black-and-white illustrations. charms to lure fur-bearing mammals to Publisher's price, softcover: $12.95. their traps; a tea made of trout lily leaves AHS member price: $11.65. was thought to be a sure cure for hiccups;· a fine artist's charcoal is' made from This is the second edition of The hazelnut wood; the petals of blue violets National Wildflower Research act like litmus-the petals tum red when Center's Wildflower Handbook. exposed to an acid solution and yellow in The book's subtitle, "A Resource an alkaline solution. for Native Plant Landscapes," says While Eastman's book is filled with it all. Six chapters provide the fascinating facts, it isn't intended to basics of wildflower gardening: replace the trusty field guide. If you aren't adding native plants to an existing familiar with a plant, you won't be able garden; starting a wildflower to identify it using The Book of Forest meadow from scratch; guidelines and Thicket. Not all of the plants are for collecting seed; propagation illustrated and Eastman provides only techniques; buying wildflower seeds bare bones descriptions. But the book's in bulk; and creating a garden that only real drawback is that it's arranged in will attract butterflies, bees, insects, The Book of Forest and Thicket alphabetical order by common name. birds, and small mammals. John Eastman. Illustrated by Amelia Eastman does provide botanical names The bulk of the book is three Hansen. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, and lists of other common names, but chapters of lists (alphabetical by Pennsylvania, 1992. 212 pages. 5lji' x there isn't an index, so finding a state) . These are: conservation 8%". Black-and-white illustrations. particular plant may involve a bit of organizations and governmental Publisher's price, softcover: $14.95. searching. - M . B. W agencies; native plant nurs€:ries and AHS member price: $13.45. seed companies; and landscape J architects and designers who use ,r ------I , I Field guides are wonderful resources for , I native plants. Each entry includes identifying wildflowers, or trees, or birds, an address and phone number and or ~hatever your passion might be. But Book Order Form !I a brief description of the ! many plant field guides don't give much I organization. Nursery and seed more than notes on leaf shape, color, o 550 Home Landscaping company lists include catalog price Ideas ...... height, bloom time, and habitat. Once · $27.00 and the company's primary plant you've identified the plant and learned o The Wild Gardener . .. . $17.95 focus (trees and shrubs, herbaceous the basics, you've fairly exhausted the o The National Wildflower wildflowers, grass seed, wildflower field guide'S use. Then it's time to open Reseru;ch Center's seed, cacti and succulents). This is The Book of Forest and Thicket. Wildflower Handbook · $11.65 an excellent reference for both The first difference between this and o The Book of Fo~est serious and beginning wildflower more basic guides is that The Book of and Thicket . . . · $13.45 gardeners. -M. B. W Forest and Thicket doesn't include the idfmtification keys that characterize I would like to order books. traditional field guides. And it isn't plant Postage and haI'ldling: $2.50, first book; specific (although it is region specific to $1.50, each additional book. Virginia eastern North America). Where most residflnts adcl4Il2% sales tax. Please guides focus on one plant group, John allow six weeks for delivery. Prices are Eastman has combined trees, shrubs, and subjflct to Ghange withe)Ut notice. wildflowers into one book. Cl Enclosed is my check for $ ~~~ Another difference is that Eastman's guide focuses on the interdependence of IJ Charge to: o Visa 0 MasterCard Exp. Date: life. Each entry includes information on pollination, insects and animals that feed AGet.#: ______on the plant, and other plants that may Signature: ______be found growing nearby. You'll also find folklore and historical uses of each plant Ship to: __------and descriptions of seed dispersal and Street: ______germination. Plant descriptions also are City: ______here, along with a list of close relatives. Sta te/Zip: In the pages of The Book of Forest and Dayrime Phone: ______Thicket Eastman points out that the butternut's leaf scars look like the eyes Mail to: AHS Books, 7931 East Boulevard and "happy-face smile" of a camel; the Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. 1193 seeds of the fringed polygala contain an , oily liquid favored by ants-the ants carry L______~ ______~ ______~

American Horticulturist· January 1993 • 13 AHS Bulletin Board

,r------~, , , AHS Sponsoring Penelope Hobhouse Penelope Hobhouse Book Order Form and Lecture Registration Book Tour Lecture

Gardening Through the Ages Members and friends of the American Horticultural Society are invited to attend o AHS member price: $35 a lecture and book-signing by British Quantity: ____ author and plantswoman Penelope ...... '".~." . o Nonmember price: $45 Hobhouse from 10 a.m. to noon Friday, /"1 ()7. .' Quantity: ____ February 26 at the Lyceum, 201 South : '. ~1tr /?1",; (j P:;';(;t,'';?Jr ;J/ Washington Street in Alexandria, I G A It{ n II~ N IT N if~ I Lecture Virginia. Light refreshments will be T fl R () // (,' if _0'" .4 (,' }.; s ~ .. I I '. > """ >? ~ < ~. i· l ( o AHS member price: $15 served fo llowing her talk. (: ~ < I: ~. y • , < !' ,}., 'r Number attending: ____ Hobhouse's lecture will focus on ~------o Nonmember price: $20 themes in her latest book, Gardening Number attending: ____ Through the Ages, subtitled "An Flower Gardens. She is currently in Illustrated History of Plants and Their In­ charge of the National Trust Garden at Total enclosed: $ ______fluence on Garden Styles- From Ancient Tintinhull, Somerset, England. Egypt to the Present Day." The book is a Her new book is lavishly illustrated far-reaching study of the way plants have with 400 photographs and other art­ Name been used throughout history and the more than half in color- on its 320 many ways in which the plants available pages. It will retail for $50 when it is Address to gardeners in any given time in history released to the public in March. Members influenced garden design. Hobhouse, a de­ and friends of AHS may order the book signer and authority on historic gardens, at a discount now to be picked up and City f State f Zip explores the interaction between plants signed at the lecture. and the people growing them, showing AHS members may make reservations Daytime phone how our gardens mirror the ideas, tastes, for the lecture at a reduced rate. Seating is and traditions of each period. limited and priority will be given to AHS Make check payable to AHS Lecture, A beloved gardening author on both members. The deadline for reservations 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. sides of the Atlantic, Hobhouse's previous and book orders is February 18. No books include Co lor in Your Garden, tickets will be mailed. For more L ______~ Garden Style, Gardens of Europe, and information call (703) 768-5 700.

Left: Claude Hope, center, winner of AHS's Liberty Hyde Bailey Award, tours River Farm with other participants in the AHS Annual Meeting in Alexandria, Virginia, in October. Right: Lecturer and author Roger B. Swain, winner of this year's Horticultural Writing Award, autographs a book for a member.

14 + American Horticulturist· Jan uary 1993 Compost Symposium Planned

AHS Director of Programs Joseph M. compost facility operators, potential River Farm Art Keyser is representing the Society in compost markets, technical and legislative planning a National Compost Symposium experts, and other members of the solid Whether you're blue from the cold to be held February 25-26. Tentatively set waste management, environmental, or post-holiday let-down, stave off in Orlando, Florida, it is sponsored by the horticultural, and legislative communities. the winter doldrums with a trip to Environmental Protection Agency and the one of our on-going series of National Recycling Coalition. outstanding art exhibits at River The Novon Division of Warner Pen Pals Wanted Farm. Lambert is providing funding for the Francesca Anderson, a botanical event, at which leaders of regulatory and Did you ever wish you had a good friend illustrator at the New York environmental groups-such as the in Britain that you could chat with about Botanical Garden, will display her Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. gardening? Someone you could pop in to pen-and-ink and colored pencil Department of Agriculture, the visit for a spot of tea should you be in the drawings January 6 to February 15. Environmental Defense Fund, the neigh borhood? Anderson's work was included in National Audubon Society, and the Here's your chance. the Seventh International Rodale Institute-will work toward Alistair Ayres, editor of Gardening Exhibition of Botanical Art and developing a national strategy on From Which?, a publication for garden Illustration at the Hunt Institute in source-separated composting, including a product consumers in Britain, is setting Pittsburgh. look at horticultural and agricultural up a Penpals Club for gardeners all over Dorothy Fall, an artist from markets for composted materials. the world. "So far," he says, "we have Washington, D.C., will exhibit her Keyser's role on the symposium's received a marvelous response from our paintings and watercolors at River steering committee is to address the readers, many of whom expressed an in­ Farm February 17 to March 29. consumer-related topics of source terest in writing to gardeners in the USA. " Fall's style is on a fine line between reduction through home and community Ayres wrote to Linda F. Golodner, impressionism and abstract composting and public education, in president of the National Consumers expressionism, the shapes of her respect both to home composting and League in Washington, D.C., who subjects emerging mysteriously consumer and horticultural use of forwarded his letter to the American from masses of vibrant, whirling compost. Horticultural Society. color. Those attending the symposium will Write: Alistair Ayres, Gardening From Admission is free to both exhibits. represent a broad spectrum of Which?, 2 Marylbone Road, London, government and regulatory agencies, NW 1 4DF, England.

"Now you can increase awareness of the works of the American Horticultural Society with every check you write. Please help us get our message out by ordering today!"

Helen F. Walutes, Acting Executive Director American Horticultural Society

"

A Special offer for American check printer. In fact, there's Horticultural Society only one difference between members. these checks and the checks Northwest National Bank IntrodUCing the American you're using now. The Central Office, PO 601( 10 Horticulture Society Message message. Anytown, An 0 1001 Check. While other checks are American Horticultural Fa. mute, it speaks clearly. It tells Society makes a dollar. others you're proud to Every time you order a I: • ~ 50000001: 000000000011" support American supply of checks, a $1.00 Horticultural Society. contribution goes directly to Actllllcheckcolol1: Whllebackgl1)lInd,bordertrlm In red, gl'lln,blul, bllcklndyellow, The startling facts. American Horticultural r------,I've enclosed all 3: OR If you're like most people , you Society. That hardly replaces So get the word out. o The re-order form For 150 DUPLICATE wrote about 300 checks last your annual contribution. Don't write another silent in my present check STYLE CHECKS, a check for year. And every last one of And it may not seem like check. Not when you could supply. (Make $14.95, payable to them was silent. Now, you much. But remember all of be showing your support for necessary changes) Message!Check can make a statement with the other supporters. American Horticultural o A checking deposit Corporation . every check you write. By Together, you can make a big Society. ordering American difference. ticket. Horticultural Society Checks. Mail order form to: o For 200 SINGLE Your satisfaction is Message!Check Corporation® STYLE CHECKS , a check Do they work? guaranteed. P.O. Box 3206 AHS-33 for $14.00, payable to Absolutely. Your Message There's no risk. If you're not Seattle, WA 98114 Message! Check Checks carry the same completely satisfied with Corporation. '.'dy,,,,,, ...OImll.bI. . AHS·33 banking and personal your Message Checks , we'll L ______information that's on your refund your money in full. No 81,IItadlongulrant ..dor.MIf1lurtdwlll be proY1d.o. PIli .. IUOW 4-e ""b tor present checks. They're questions asked . d,IIYlry. WllhlnvlonStlllmltllnbldd printed by a leading certified 8.2'1'. ula til. C: MnuOIICtltck CorJIoraUon. 1190

American H orticulturist • January 1993 • 15 audeners' Dateline

Mid-Atlantic .. Jan. 18-20. The 97th Annual Meeting and Trade Show of the Virginia 1993 Flower Shows State Horticultural Society. Richmond, Virginia. Information: Clayton Griffin, .. Jan. 12-24. St. Louis Flower State Exhibit Center, Somerset, New Virginia State Horticultural Society, P.O. Show. "America Abloom-A Jersey. Information: (908) 560-9020. Box 718, Staunton, VA 24402, (703) Celebration of Regional Styles in 332-7790. American Gardening." St. Louis, Mis­ .. Mar. 3-7. The 38th Annual Flower souri. Information: (314) 997-3407. Show of the Garden Club of Toronto. .. Jan. 26-27. Second Annual Virginia Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Informa­ Flower and Garden Symposium. Virginia .. February 11-15. Northwest tion: Denise Howe, (416) 924-4496. Beach, Virginia. Information: Bonnie Flower and Garden Show. "Gardens Appleton, (804) 363-3906. of the World." Washington State .. Mar. 6-14. New England Spring C0nvention Center, Seattle, Washing­ Flower Show. "Through the Garden .. Feb. 12-13. Virginia Herb Growers ton. Information: Rosanne Cohn, Gate." Bayside Exposition Center, and Marketers Conference. Boar's Head (206) 455-2771, Fax (206) 455-9661. Boston, Massachusetts. Information: Inn, Charlottesville, Virginia. Fran Imhoff or Susan Donovan, (617) Information: Anne Vaughan, Virginia .. Feb. 17-21. Atlanta Flower Show. 536-9280. Herb Growers and Marketers "At the Movies." Atlanta, Georgia. Association, 200 East Hundred Road, Information: Carol Flammer, (404) .. Mar. 7-14. Philadelphia Flower Chester, VA 23831, (804) 530-1157. 876-5859. Show. "Preserving the Past, Presenting the Future." Philadelphia Civic Center, .. Feb. 12, 14. Leaving No Stone .. Feb. 18-21. Fourth Annual Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Informa­ Unturned vn. Symposium. Rockville, Maymont Flower and Garden Show. tion: (215) 625-8250. Maryland. Information: Sandy Lerner, Maymont, Richmond, Virginia. Environmental Design, P.O. Box 15121, Information: Emily Rusk, (804) 358- .. Mar. 13-21. New York Flower Chevy Chase, MD 20825, (301) 7166; Ken Storey, (804) 353-3212. Show. "Gardens for Our Future." Pier 495-4747. 92, New York City, New York. .. Feb. 20-23. Chelsea America Information: Dana Robbin, .. Feb. 13-14. Association of Flower Show. Palm Beach, Florida. Horticultmal Society of New York, Landscape Designers Annual Meeting. Information: (407) 793-7577. 128 West 58th Street, New York, NY Held in conjunction with "Leaving No 10019, (212) 757-0915. Stone Unturned VII." Rockville, .. Feb. 20-23. Chelsea America Maryland. Information: (301) 495-4747. Flower Show. Rancho Palos Verdes, .. Mar. 17-21. Washington Flower California. Information: (310) and Garden Show. Washington North Central 648-6602. Convention Center, Washington, D.C. Information: TJS Productions, 7668B .. Jan. 4-Mar. 28. Tropical Rainforests: .. Feb. 26-Mar. 7. New Jersey Fullerton Road, Springfield, VA A Disappearing Treasure. Exhibit. Flower and Garden Show. Garden 22153, (703) 569-7141. Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois. Information: Stan Zoller, (708) 835-8213. Indiana. Information: IECA, P.O. Box .. Jan. 30-Feb. 7. Indoor Bonsai .. Jan. 9-12. Grower Expo '93. 4904, Steamboat Springs, CO 80477-4904, Exhibit. Steinhardt Conservatory, Rosemont, Illinois. Information: Julie A. (303) 879-3010, Fax (303) 879-8563. Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, Stewart, P.O. Box 532, Geneva, IL New York. Information: (718) 941-4044, 60134-0532, (708) 208-9080, or Fax Northeast Barbara Pesch, ext. 255 or Joanne (708) 208-9350. Woodfin, ext. 215. .. Jan. 22-24. Garden Dreams. Lecture .. Jan. 15-17. The 33rd Annual Ohio series. Mohonk Mountain House, Lake Northwest Roadside Marketing Conference. Dayton, Mohonk, New Paltz, New York. Informa­ Ohio. Information: (614) 292-6413. tion: Helen Dorsey, (914) 256-2163. .. Mar. 6. Women in Horticulture Conference. Bellevue, Washington. .. Feb. 12-14. Fifth Annual .. Jan. 23-Apr. 30. Welcome Spring . Sponsored by the Association for Women Midwestern Herb Show. Mount Vernon, Display. Longwood Gardens, Kennett in Horticulture. Information: Terri Illinois. Information: Teresa Brookman, Square, Pennsylvania. Information: (215) Arnold, (206) 935-7951 or Deb Powers, R.R. 1, Box 396, Opdyke, IL 62872, 388-6741. (206) 524-1672. (618) 756-2271. .. Jan. 26. Landscape Ideas. Seminar. Southeast .. Feb. 23-26. The 24th Annual Pittsburgh Civic Garden Center, Mellon Conference of the International Erosion Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .. Jan. 20-23. The 23rd Annual Control Association. Indianapolis, Information: (412) 441-4442. National Tropical Foliage Short Course.

16 • American Horticulturist • January 1993 .. Feb. 26-28. The 18th Annual .. Feb. 27-28. Camellia Show. African Violet Society of America Show. Descanso Gardens, La Canada Flintridge, Juried Show. Information: Cheryl Hukle, California. Information: Char Wilson, Route 9, Box 5,5520 Wilkins Road, (818) 821-3214. Tampa, FL 33610, (813) 626-6817. International .. Feb. 27. Herb and Heirloom Vegetable Workshops. Information: Edna .. Jan. 14-17. North American Bramble Lovelace Gaston, Duke Homestead State Growers Association, Ontario Berry Historic Site, 2828 Duke Homestead Growers Association, and International Road, Durham, NC 27705, (919) Ribes Association Joint Annual 477-5498. Conference. Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Information: Paul Otten, (612) .. Feb. 27-Mar. 7. The 33rd Annual 659-2515, Fax (612) 659-2464. Southern Spring Show. Charlotte, North Carolina. Information: (704) 376-6594, Fax (704) 376-6345.

.. Mar. 5-7. The 48th Miami AMAZON International Orchid Show. "Fiesta of Orchids/Fiesta de Orchideas." Miami, Increase your gardening expertise Florida. Information: South Florida February 28 to March 4 at the Fourth Orchid Society, 6940 S.w. 111 Place, Annual Cloister Garden Series, a week of Miami, FL 33173, (305) 274-3741. workshops, lectures, garden tours, and recreation on Georgia's Sea Island. West Coast Highlights include a garden photography workshop with Tom Eltzroth, two flower "Jan. 2, Feb. 6. Plant Disease Clinic. arranging workshops with Pauline Run­ University of California Botanical kle, and lectures from author Frederick Garden, University of Ca lifornia, McGourty and Dr. Richard Howard, Berkeley, Ca lifornia. Information: Bobby former director of Harvard's Arnold Ohs, (510) 642-3012. Arboretum. AHS Director of Programs An Ecological Expedition Joseph Keyser will give a March 1 lecture .. Jan. 6. Fourth Annual Landscape to the heart of titled "Four-Alarm Composting." The and Nursery Expo '93. "Great Ideas . .. The Greatest Garden on Earth garden photography workshop will be Products-People!" Sacramento THE AMAZON RIVER held prior to the series on February 27. Convention Center, Sacramento, TROPICAL RAIN FOREST For more information and registration California. Information: Kenny Kakutani, 3/10 APRIL 1993 write or call: Irene Butler, The Cloister, (916) 442-4470, Fax (916) 442-4564. Sailing Irom the port 01 Iqultos, Peru. Aboard River· boat " Dellln," with American Captain, experlencad Sea Island, GA 31561, (800) 732-4752. crew and guides. Itinerary Includes seldom visited Oroza, 'and Apayacu rivers. A unique opportunity to .. Jan. 23-24. Bonsai Show. Baiko-en study the Tropical Forest Ecosystem. This "Nature Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Concurrent Kenkyukai Bonsai Society. Los Angeles Hothouse" Is coverad with some 60 different species 01 trees per acre! The Epiphytes, Alrplants, Bromiliads with the Tropical Plant Industry State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, and Passion Flowers, ornament the lollage like exotic butterflies. The black water lakes, ponds, abound with Exhibition. Information: Karen Pruitt, California. Information: Char Wilson, water lilies, Including the majestic Victoria Regia. A (407) 886-1036. (818) 821-3214. limited plant and seedpod collection Is permitted. 8 DAYS ALL INCLUSIVE FROM MIAMI: $1598.'" For details and reservations contact: .. Feb. 9-13. National Arborist .. Feb. 21-23. The 89th Annual MARGARITA TOURS Association Annual Meeting and Convention and Exposition of the United dIvIsIon of Amazon RIver ExpedItIons SCRL Ltda Conference. St. Petersburg, Florida. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association. P.O. Box 2513. Ft. Lauderdale, FL 333()3.2513 Tel: 3

.. Feb. 19-21. Winter Conference of the North Carolina Herb Association. Charlotte, North Carolina. Information: Dick Tippett, NCHA, Route 1, Box 65, Godwin, NC 28344, (919) 567-2705. Choose from over IS00 useful plant varieties in our mail .. Feb. 20. Eighth Guilford catalog. Extensive collections of Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Horticultural Society Symposium. Conifers, Perennials, hardy Camellias, Kalmias, --'~""'I,': Greensboro, North Carolina. Informa­ rare shrubs and trees and much, much more. tion: Gay Smith, 3502 Madison Avenue, Send $3.00 for our descriptive mail order catalog to: Greensboro, NC 27403, (919) 855-7450. Roslyn Nursery .. Feb. 20-21. Camellia Show. Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, Georgia. 211 Burrs Lane, Dept. L Sponsored by the North Georgia Dix Hills, NY 11746 Camellia Society. Information: Carol (SI6)-643-9347 Flammer, (404) 876-5859.

American Horti culturist· January 1993 • 17 Classified Ad Rates: $1 per word; CARNIVOROUS PLANTS GARDEN TOURS minimum $20 per insertion. 10 percent discount for three consecutive ads using Carnivorous (Insectivorous) Plants, seeds, sup­ From England-BOXWOOD QUALITY GAR­ same copy, provided each insertion meets plies, and books. Color brochure free . PETER DEN TOURS of England and France. For infor­ PAULS NURSERIES, Canandaigua, NY 14424. mation contact: REEVE GARDEN HOLIDAYS the $20 minimum after taking discount. CRAB APPLES INC, P.O. Box 527, Hanover, NH 03755. (603) Copy and prepayment must be received 643-5002. Fax (603) 643-5222. on the 20th day of the month three BEAUTIFUL SMALL TREES for all s~asons ­ months prior to publication date. Send the new crop of crab apples has arrived. Our HOUSE PLANTS orders to: American Horticultural Society offerings are selected for sumptuous blooms, pest Advertising Department, 341 Victory resistance, and colorful fruits that persist into ORCHIDS, GESNERIADS, BEGONIAS, 'CACTI & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. Drive, Herndon, VA 22070, or call (703) winter providing "timed-release" food for birds. 1992-1993 catalog $2. LAURAY OF SALIS­ 834-0100. Descriptive catalog, $3. FAIRWEATHER GAR­ DENS, Box 330-A, Greenwich, NJ 08323. BURY, 432 Undermountain Rd., Salisbury, CT 06068. (203) 435-2263. DAHLIAS THE AVANT GARDENER Dahlias--exhibition and garden, all types, sizes. Herbs, Fuchsias, Odd & Rare Houseplants, Ivies, FOR THE GARDENER WHO WANTS MORE World-wide selection, 32-page color catalog $2. Miniatures and Scented Geraniums. Excellent FROM GARDENING! Subscribe to THE Over 100 photographs. CONNELL'S, 10216 Selections. Send $2 for catalog and mail-order AVANT GARDENER, the liveliest, most useft:Ii 40th Avenue East, Tacoma, WA 98446. information to: MERRY GARDENS, Box 595, of all gardening publications. Every month this Camden, ME 04843. unique news service brings you the newest, most EMPLOYMENT practical information on new plants, products, Exp~rienced Manager for 45-acre private arbo­ NURSERY STOCK techniques, with sources, feature articles, special retum/estate, retail, wholesale and landscaping issues. 25th year. Awarded Garden Club of Amer­ business specializing in rare, dwarf conifers. Hor­ MILLIONS OF SEEDLINGS: High Quality, ica and Massachusetts Horticultural Society ticultural education and background and excel­ Reasona ble Prices. Over 100 Selections for medals. Curious? Sample copy $1. Serious? $12 lent managerial skills essential. Substantial Christmas Trees, Ornamentals, Windbreaks, full year (reg. $18). THE AVANT GARDENER, income and benefits. Central PA. Send resume to Timber, Soil Conservation, Wildlife Cover. Free Box 489M, New York, NY 10028. R.C ANGINO, 2040 Fishing Creek Valley Rd., Catalog. CARINO NURSERIES, Box 538, Dept. J, Indiana, PA 15701. AZALEAS AND RHODODENDRONS Harrisburg, PA 17112. FRAGRANT NATIVE AZALEAS!-over We at the American Horticultural Society are Choose from 1,500 varieties of exciting and twenty years growing and shipping Northern­ often asked to refer individuals to horticultural hardy plant varieties. Many exclusives. Rhodo­ bred and acclimated 'Iandscapable' sizes. Two­ positions around the country. As a service to our dendrons, azaleas, conifers, shrubs, trees, peren­ year catalog subscription: $3. CARLSON'S members we would be glad to receive resumes nials and much more. Mail-order catalog $3 . GARDENS, Box 305 AHC, South Salem, NY and cover letters of individuals seeking job ROSLYN NURSERY, Dept. AH, Box 69, Roslyn, 10590. (914) 763-5958. changes and employers seeking candidates. All NY 11576. (516) 643-9347. responsibility for checking references and deter­ SOUTHEASTERN NATIVES, heat-tolerant de­ mining the appropriateness of both position and PERENNIALS ciduous azaleas, magnolias, rare introduced candidate rests with the individuals. Contact: plants. Catalog $1.50. SOUTHERN PLANTS, AHS, Horticultural Employment, 7931 East Huge selections of quality perennials, grasses, P.O. Box 232, Semmes, AL 36575. Boulevard Dr., Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. vines, natives, and roses. $1 for color catalog. BOOKS MILAEGER'S GARDENS, Dept. AH, 4838 EXOTIC PLANTS Douglas Ave., Racine, WI 53402-2498. HORTICA-All-Color Cyclopedia of Garden FREE PRICE LIST-Enhance your collection Flora, with Hardiness Zones, also Indoor Plants; with unusual blooming plants from the tropics­ PLANTS (UNUSUAL) 8,100 photos, by Dr. A. B. Graf, $238. TROPICA Gingers, Heliconias, Anthuriums, Ornamental 4 (1992) 7,000 Color photos of plants and trees OVER 2,000 KINDS of choice and affordable Bananas. RAINBOW TROPICAL, Dept. APNC, plants. Outstanding ornamentals, American na­ for warm environments, $165. EXOTIC HOUSE P.O. Box 4038, Hilo, HI 96720. PLANTS, 1,200 photos, 150 in color, with keys tives, perennials, rare conifers, pre-bonsai, wild­ to care, $8.95. Circulars gladly sent. Shipping GARDENING SUPPLIES life plants, much more. Descriptive catalog $3. FORESTFARM, 990 Tetherow Rd., Williams, additional. ROEHRS CO., Box 125, East Ruth­ DIP'N GROW LIQUID ROOTING CONCEN­ OR 97544-9599. erford, NJ 07073. (201) 939-0090. TRATE. The only rooting hormone you'll ever THE ORCHID GENUS BOOK by Patsy Webster, need. Proven more effective than powders. Dip'N 1992. Every serious orchidist needs this study Grow's complete formula is recommended for PRESSED FLOWERS guide, arranged by classification, with concise dis­ use on Woody Ornamentals, Evergreens, Peren­ Pressed Flowers, send SASE for price list. cussion of most popular species, major taxonomic nials, Ground Covers and Deciduous Hard­ PRIDE'S FARM, RR2, Box 389, E. Lebanon, ME changes, geographic distribution and unique char­ woods. The choice of professional nurserymen. 04027. acteristics. Features comprehensive bibliography ASTORIA-PACIFIC, INC, P.O. Box 830, for each of the 860 genera in the orchid family, Clackamas, OR 97015. (800) 536-3111. Fax REAL ESTATE drawn from 155 horticultural and scientific refer­ (503) 677-7367. ences. $34, or send SASE for more details, to HISTORIC STONE HOME on 4.5+ acres Stock­ ORCHID EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, P.O. Box ton NJ Hunterdon County, near Bucks County 78701, San Antonio, TX 78278. PA, 1.5 hrs to NYC or Philadelphia. Formal garden with brick walkways & lattice house, BULBS 6 .. ~CHIP2 _. Computerized Horticultural formal herb beds, 6 raised beds including 2 shade Dutch bulbs for fall planting, 12cm Tulips, DNI . Information Planner beds. 4 bedrooms, 4 baths + lovely views . Out­ Daffodils, Hyacinths and Miscellaneous. Cata­ Call or write: PH/FAX: 1·800·544·2721 buildings: 4 stall post/beam barn, 3 car garage, log Free. Paula Parker DBA, Mary Mattison van - or PH/FAX: 516-324·2334 workshop, garden shed $550,000. Contact: Schaik, IMPORTED DUTCH BULBS, P.O. Box PARADISE INFORMATION, INC. ALICE PETREE, 734 South 21st St., Arlington, 32AH, Cavendish, VT 05142. 4 P.O. Box 1701, East Hampton, NY 11937 VA 22202. (703) 979-9840.

18. American Horticulturist • January 1993 ROSES LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF ROSES to be COMPOSTING? GIVE fo und anywhere, at reasona bl e prices: HT, climbers, antiques, Engli sh Ga rden Roses, Rennie's mini atures, Cocker's introducti o ns, etc. A superb coll ec ti on. Orders shipped in our Now's the time to start! YOURSELF refrigerated truck to USA UPS depots for di stri­ AHS now carries a full line of unique compost bins, bution, in most cases. Catalog $3. H O RTICO tumblers, and accessories-all demonstrated in INC., 723 Robson Rd ., Waterdown, ON LOR our National Home Composting Park-and all sig­ EXTRA CLOUT 2Hl. (41 6) 689-6984 or (416) 689-3002. Fax nificantly discounted (for American Horticultural (41 6) 689-6566. Society members only). Call or write for a free price sheet: WITH SEEDS American Horticultural Society, c/o Compost Ser­ FREE CATALOG: UNUSUAL SEED varieties. vices,7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA Giant Belgium, Evergreen, Pinea pple tomatoes, 22308·1300, (800) 777·7931 (outside Virginia), (703) 768-5700 (in Virginia). THE AHS and more. We make gardening fun. GLECKLER SEEDMAN, Metamora, OH 43540. MASTERCARD® CARD.

©

Carry the credit card that gives you the Lilypons Water Gardens® recognition of being a caring! active Begin your water garden today with a Lilypons catalogue member of the American Horticultural featuring page after page of beautiful water lilies, lotus, bog Society. This is the only card that enables you to add your support to your plants, fish, statuary, and the essentials for keeping it all favorite non-profit organizationf Get working together. these extra advantages at NO RISK!

• Issued free of an annual fee the first No pool? Choose afiberglass, EPDM rubber or PVC pool year, and just $40 for the Gold from the many sizes shown in the Lilypons catalogue, $5.00. MasterCard and $20 for the Silver MasterCard each year thereafter.t

Call Toll Free to our closest location. Please have credit card handy. • Higher line of credit up to $50,000. Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover. Maryland 800-723-7667, operator 1500 • Peerless Customer Service available Texas 800-766-5648, operator 1500 24-hours a day, 365 days a yea r. California 800-685-7667, operator 1500 ~------I APPLY TODAY! lor mail this coupon with your $5.00 check (MD, TX, CA residents please add tax) to closest address: I Name Lilypons Water Gardens, Dept. 1500 I I P.O. Box 10 1-800-847-7378, ext. 5000 I Address BUCkeystown, Maryland 21717-0010 I Be sure to use this priority code when calling: KEF H. Apt. P.O. Box 188 I City Brookshire, Texas 77423-0188 I P.O. Box 1130 t Th e Annual Pel(enloge Role il I7.9%. I MBNA America· il a ledefOl~ registered Service Mal< 01 MBNA Amerim Bonk, N.A.. I Thermal, California 92274-1130 Ma~erCord· is a lederol~ registered Service Mol< 01 MasterCard International, In c, ~e ~ ______~ Uled puflUO ntlo lice"".

American Horticulturist · January 1993 + 19 the regulation of nurseries in Santa Clara, germinated in the dark and thus is ANew Approach Santa Cruz, and Santa Barbara counties. difficult to start from seed. It will take 17 The outbreak is particularly serious, he weeks to flower. However, the plants may to Chestnut Blight maintains, "because the disease is lying be available in garden centers by spring. dormant much longer than plant patholo­ Another heat lover is Nierembergia A team of genetic engineers is proposing gists originally thought." In fact, one 'Mont Blanc'. This white-flowering a new solution to the blight that has mum population had been inspected and annual, which gets five to six inches tall sickened the American chestnut tree since found rust-free 15 times from May to and spreads to about a foot, is the turn of the century. October, 1992, before the disease flared comparable to an alyssum. Like the Gil Choi and Donald Nuss of the up. Humidity and temperature are petunia, it is a member of the Solanaceae, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology in thought to be the biggest factors in and it can be started from seed in the Nutley, New Jersey, have created a determining its tricky germination cycle. same manner. synthetic form of a virus that infects the Naturally, commercial growers are the All-America Selections is a nonprofit Asian fungus and turns it into a benign most concerned about the rust situation. organization, headquartered in Downers form that will not kill the trees. They Andrew Bishop, plant protection manager Grove, Illinois, which evaluates new believe that once they introduce the virus for Yoder Brothers, Inc., one of the seed-grown flowers and vegetables on the into the wild, the benign fungi will nation's leading stock mum producers, basis of their performance in gardens exchange genetic material with its more says American growers have been on the around the country. damaging form, eventually rendering all defensive against white rust for years, of it harmless. aware that it was a problem in Europe The naturally occurring form of the and South America. Special Genes Trigger virus has failed to spread rapidly, but Choi and Nuss contend that the benign Cold Tolerance fungus will outcompete its dangerous 1993 AAS Wmners relative. They plan to engineer the fungi Researchers at the University of Wisconsin­ in their lab, harvest its spores, and spray All-America Selections has named two Madison have found two sets of genes that them on infected trees. vegetables and two annuals as their help plants survive cold temperatures. winners for this year. In studying potatoes, Jiwan Palta, a 'Husky Gold' tomato is a deep golden horticulturist in the university's College of White Rust Woes orange that grows to only 36 to 40 inches Agricultural and Life Sciences, found one tall and 28 inches or less in width, set of genes that was responsible for In spite of years of wary vigilance on the making it ideal for container growing. Its allowing the plant to tolerate frost before part of U.S. growers and government flavor is described as less tart than other it had acclimated to cold temperatures, officials, white rust has finally landed on yellow tomatoes. It matures 68 days after and another set that allowed it to American shores. An outbreak of the transplanting. acclimate to temperatures below freezing. fungal disease has forced U. S. 'Baby Bear' pumpkin is also a space saver, Wisconsin potato plants are unable to Department of Agriculture and California recommended as an ideal plant for children acclimate to cold temperatures and die at Department of Food andAgriculture to plant or help grow. It has a Jack 0' lantern 28 degre~s, but potatoes native to the officials to quarantine several commercial shape but reaches only two pounds. Its vines Andes acclimate in 10 to 14 days, nurseries in California. spread 10 to 15 feet. The pumpkins, which doubling or tripling their hardiness so So far the disease has affected only the are ready to harvest 120 days after the seeds that they can survive temperatures as low genus Chrysanthemum, according to Reg are planted, can be used as decorations or as 14 degrees. Rosander, officer in charge of the USDA's pie filling. They are resistant to fusarium and Researchers in Palta's lab have found Plant Protection and Quarantine division gummy stem blight. that a fat molecule, linoleic acid, increases in California. USDA agents first 'Imagination' verbena offers a challenge as plants build up tolerance to freezing. confirmed the presence of white rust in to experienced gardeners. It has deep They now believe that this increase in five commercial cutflower nurseries and violet-blue flowers and a trailing habit that linoleic acid is a genetically important one potted mum nursery in Santa Barbara makes it attractive in a hanging basket. On trait that could be transferred to frost­ County in December, 1991, and since the ground it will spread up to three feet. sensitive plants of many types to make then a spate of similar finds has caused Heat and drought tolerant, it must be them more cold tolerant.

2ND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ALEXANDRIA, VA AND AT ADDITIONAL American Horticultural Society MAILING OFFICES 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300