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SOLAR SYSTEM MOON CARDS MERCURY Number of known Moons: 0 Moon names: N/A SOLAR SYSTEM MOON CARDS VENUS Number of known Moons: 0 Moon names: N/A SOLAR SYSTEM MOON CARDS EARTH Number of known Moons: 1 Moon names: Moon SOLAR SYSTEM MOON CARDS MARS Number of known Moons: 2 Moon names: Phobos, Deimos SOLAR SYSTEM MOON CARDS JUPITER Number of known Moons: 67 Moon names: Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Amalthea, Himalia, Elara, Pasiphae, Sinope, Lysithea, Carme, Ananke, Leda, Metis, Adrastea, Thebe, Callirrhoe, Themisto, Kalyke, Iocaste, Erinome, Harpalyke, Isonoe, Praxidike, Megaclite, Taygete, Chaldene, Autonoe, Thyone, Hermippe, Eurydome, Sponde, Pasithee, Euanthe, Kale, Orthosie, Euporie, Aitne, Hegemone, Mneme, Aoede, Thelxinoe, Arche, Kallichore, Helike, Carpo, Eukelade, Cyllene, Kore, Herse, plus others yet to receive names SOLAR SYSTEM MOON CARDS SATURN Number of known Moons: 62 Moon names: Titan, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys, Enceladus, Mimas, Hyperion, Prometheus, Pandora, Phoebe, Janus, Epimetheus, Helene, Telesto, Calypso, Atlas, Pan, Ymir, Paaliaq, Siarnaq, Tarvos, Kiviuq, Ijiraq, Thrymr, Skathi, Mundilfari, Erriapus, Albiorix, Suttungr, Aegaeon, Aegir, Anthe, Bebhionn, Bergelmir, Bestla, Daphnis, Farbauti, Fenrir, Fornjot, Greip, Hati, Hyrrokin, Jarnsaxa, Kari, Loge, Methone, Narvi, Pallene, Polydeuces, Skoll, Surtur Tarqeq plus others yet to receive names SOLAR SYSTEM MOON CARDS URANUS Number of known Moons: 27 Moon names: Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Mab, Belinda, Perdita, Puck, Cupid, Miranda, Francisco, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, Caliban, Sycorax, Margaret, Prospero, Setebos, Stephano, Trinculo, Ferdinand SOLAR SYSTEM MOON CARDS NEPTUNE Number of known Moons: 14 Moon names: Triton, Nereid, Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, Laomedia, Psamanthe, Sao, Neso, Halimede, plus one other yet to receive a name.

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Arxiv:1912.09192V2 [Astro-Ph.EP] 24 Feb 2020
Draft version February 25, 2020 Typeset using LATEX preprint style in AASTeX62 Photometric analyses of Saturn's small moons: Aegaeon, Methone and Pallene are dark; Helene and Calypso are bright. M. M. Hedman,1 P. Helfenstein,2 R. O. Chancia,1, 3 P. Thomas,2 E. Roussos,4 C. Paranicas,5 and A. J. Verbiscer6 1Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 2Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853 3Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY 14623 4Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen,Germany 37077 5APL, John Hopkins University, Laurel MD 20723 6Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 ABSTRACT We examine the surface brightnesses of Saturn's smaller satellites using a photometric model that explicitly accounts for their elongated shapes and thus facilitates compar- isons among different moons. Analyses of Cassini imaging data with this model reveals that the moons Aegaeon, Methone and Pallene are darker than one would expect given trends previously observed among the nearby mid-sized satellites. On the other hand, the trojan moons Calypso and Helene have substantially brighter surfaces than their co-orbital companions Tethys and Dione. These observations are inconsistent with the moons' surface brightnesses being entirely controlled by the local flux of E-ring par- ticles, and therefore strongly imply that other phenomena are affecting their surface properties. The darkness of Aegaeon, Methone and Pallene is correlated with the fluxes of high-energy protons, implying that high-energy radiation is responsible for darkening these small moons. Meanwhile, Prometheus and Pandora appear to be brightened by their interactions with nearby dusty F ring, implying that enhanced dust fluxes are most likely responsible for Calypso's and Helene's excess brightness.
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Lab 7: Gravity and Jupiter's Moons
Lab 7: Gravity and Jupiter's Moons Image of Galileo Spacecraft Gravity is the force that binds all astronomical structures. Clusters of galaxies are gravitationally bound into the largest structures in the Universe, Galactic Superclusters. The galaxies themselves are held together by gravity, as are all of the star systems within them. Our own Solar System is a collection of bodies gravitationally bound to our star, Sol. Cutting edge science requires the use of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity to explain gravity. But the interactions of the bodies in our Solar System were understood long before Einstein's time. In chapter two of Chaisson McMillan's Astronomy Today, you went over Kepler's Laws. These laws of gravity were made to describe the interactions in our Solar System. P2=a3/M Where 'P' is the orbital period in Earth years, the time for the body to make one full orbit. 'a' is the length of the orbit's semi-major axis, for nearly circular orbits the orbital radius. 'M' is the total mass of the system in units of Solar Masses. Jupiter System Montage picture from NASA ID = PIA01481 Jupiter has over 60 moons at the last count, most of which are asteroids and comets captured from Written by Meagan White and Paul Lewis Page 1 the Asteroid Belt. When Galileo viewed Jupiter through his early telescope, he noticed only four moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. The Jupiter System can be thought of as a miniature Solar System, with Jupiter in place of the Sun, and the Galilean moons like planets.
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Galileo and the Telescope
Galileo and the Telescope A Discussion of Galileo Galilei and the Beginning of Modern Observational Astronomy ___________________________ Billy Teets, Ph.D. Acting Director and Outreach Astronomer, Vanderbilt University Dyer Observatory Tuesday, October 20, 2020 Image Credit: Giuseppe Bertini General Outline • Telescopes/Galileo’s Telescopes • Observations of the Moon • Observations of Jupiter • Observations of Other Planets • The Milky Way • Sunspots Brief History of the Telescope – Hans Lippershey • Dutch Spectacle Maker • Invention credited to Hans Lippershey (c. 1608 - refracting telescope) • Late 1608 – Dutch gov’t: “ a device by means of which all things at a very great distance can be seen as if they were nearby” • Is said he observed two children playing with lenses • Patent not awarded Image Source: Wikipedia Galileo and the Telescope • Created his own – 3x magnification. • Similar to what was peddled in Europe. • Learned magnification depended on the ratio of lens focal lengths. • Had to learn to grind his own lenses. Image Source: Britannica.com Image Source: Wikipedia Refracting Telescopes Bend Light Refracting Telescopes Chromatic Aberration Chromatic aberration limits ability to distinguish details Dealing with Chromatic Aberration - Stop Down Aperture Galileo used cardboard rings to limit aperture – Results were dimmer views but less chromatic aberration Galileo and the Telescope • Created his own (3x, 8-9x, 20x, etc.) • Noted by many for its military advantages August 1609 Galileo and the Telescope • First observed the
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Norse Myth Guide
Norse Myth If it has a * next to it don’t worry about it for the quiz. Everything else is fair game within reason as I know this is a lot. Just make sure you know the basics. Heimdall -Characteristics -Can hear grass grow -Needs only as much sleep as a bird -Guards Bifrost -Will kill and be killed by Loki at Ragnarok -He is one of the Aesir -Has foresight like the Vanir -Other Names -Vindhler -Means "wind shelter" -The White God As -Hallinskidi -Means "bent stick" but actually refers to rams -Gullintani -Received this nickname from his golden teeth -Relationships -Grandfather to Kon the Young -Born of the nine mothers -Items -Gjallarhorn -Will blow this to announce Ragnarok -Sword Hofund -Horse Golltop -Places -Lives on "heavenly mountain" Himinbjorg -Stories -Father of mankind -He went around the world as Rig -He slept with many women -Three of these women, Edda, Amma, and Modir, became pregnant -They gave birth to the three races of mankind -Jarl, Karl, and Thrall -Recovering Brisingamen -Loki steals Brisingamen from Freya -He turns himself into a seal and hides -Freya enlists Heimdall to recover the necklace -They find out its Loki, so Heimdall goes to fight him -Heimdall also turns into a seal, and they fight at Singasteinn -Heimdall wins, and returns the necklace to Freya -Meaning of sword -A severed head was thrown at Heimdall -After this incident, a sword is referred to as "Heimdall's head" -Possession of knowledge -Left his ear in the Well of Mimir to gain knowledge Aegir* -Characteristics -God of the ocean/sea -Is sometimes said
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Water Masers in the Saturnian System
A&A 494, L1–L4 (2009) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:200811186 & c ESO 2009 Astrophysics Letter to the Editor Water masers in the Saturnian system S. V. Pogrebenko1,L.I.Gurvits1, M. Elitzur2,C.B.Cosmovici3,I.M.Avruch1,4, S. Montebugnoli5 , E. Salerno5, S. Pluchino3,5, G. Maccaferri5, A. Mujunen6, J. Ritakari6, J. Wagner6,G.Molera6, and M. Uunila6 1 Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, PO Box 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands e-mail: [pogrebenko;lgurvits]@jive.nl 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, 600 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA e-mail: [email protected] 3 Istituto Nazionale di Astroﬁsica (INAF) – Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy e-mail: [email protected] 4 Science & Technology BV, PO 608 2600 AP Delft, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] 5 Istituto Nazionale di Astroﬁsica (INAF) – Istituto di Radioastronomia (IRA) – Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, via Fiorentina 3508/B, 40059 Medicina (BO), Italy e-mail: [s.montebugnoli;e.salerno;g.maccaferri]@ira.inaf.it; [email protected] 6 Helsinki University of Technology TKK, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, 02540 Kylmälä, Finland e-mail: [amn;jr;jwagner;gofrito;minttu]@kurp.hut.fi Received 18 October 2008 / Accepted 4 December 2008 ABSTRACT Context. The presence of water has long been seen as a key condition for life in planetary environments. The Cassini spacecraft discovered water vapour in the Saturnian system by detecting absorption of UV emission from a background star. Investigating other possible manifestations of water is essential, one of which, provided physical conditions are suitable, is maser emission.
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Cassini Update
Cassini Update Dr. Linda Spilker Cassini Project Scientist Outer Planets Assessment Group 22 February 2017 Sols%ce Mission Inclina%on Proﬁle equator Saturn wrt Inclination 22 February 2017 LJS-3 Year 3 Key Flybys Since Aug. 2016 OPAG T124 – Titan flyby (1584 km) • November 13, 2016 • LAST Radio Science flyby • One of only two (cf. T106) ideal bistatic observations capturing Titan’s Northern Seas • First and only bistatic observation of Punga Mare • Western Kraken Mare not explored by RSS before T125 – Titan flyby (3158 km) • November 29, 2016 • LAST Optical Remote Sensing targeted flyby • VIMS high-resolution map of the North Pole looking for variations at and around the seas and lakes. • CIRS last opportunity for vertical profile determination of gases (e.g. water, aerosols) • UVIS limb viewing opportunity at the highest spatial resolution available outside of occultations 22 February 2017 4 Interior of Hexagon Turning “Less Blue” • Bluish to golden haze results from increased production of photochemical hazes as north pole approaches summer solstice. • Hexagon acts as a barrier that prevents haze particles outside hexagon from migrating inward. • 5 Refracting Atmosphere Saturn's• 22unlit February rings appear 2017 to bend as they pass behind the planet’s darkened limb due• 6 to refraction by Saturn's upper atmosphere. (Resolution 5 km/pixel) Dione Harbors A Subsurface Ocean Researchers at the Royal Observatory of Belgium reanalyzed Cassini RSS gravity data• 7 of Dione and predict a crust 100 km thick with a global ocean 10’s of km deep. Titan’s Summer Clouds Pose a Mystery Why would clouds on Titan be visible in VIMS images, but not in ISS images? ISS ISS VIMS High, thin cirrus clouds that are optically thicker than Titan’s atmospheric haze at longer VIMS wavelengths,• 22 February but optically 2017 thinner than the haze at shorter ISS wavelengths, could be• 8 detected by VIMS while simultaneously lost in the haze to ISS.
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Dynamics of Saturn's Small Moons in Coupled First Order Planar Resonances
Dynamics of Saturn's small moons in coupled first order planar resonances Maryame El Moutamid Bruno Sicardy and StéfanRenner LESIA/IMCCE | Paris Observatory 26 juin 2012 Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Saturn system Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Very small moons Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk New satellites : Anthe, Methone and Aegaeon (Cooper et al., 2008 ; Hedman et al., 2009, 2010 ; Porco et al., 2005) Very small (0.5 km to 2 km) Vicinity of the Mimas orbit (outside and inside) The aims of the work A better understanding : - of the dynamics of this population of news satellites - of the scenario of capture into mean motion resonances Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Dynamical structure of the system µ µ´ Mp We consider only : - The resonant terms - The secular terms causing the precessions of the orbit When µ ! 0 ) The symmetry is broken ) different kinds of resonances : - Lindblad Resonance - Corotation Resonance D'Alembert rules : 0 0 c = (m + 1)λ − mλ − $ 0 L = (m + 1)λ − mλ − $ Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Corotation Resonance - Aegaeon (7/6) : c = 7λMimas − 6λAegaeon − $Mimas - Methone (14/15) : c = 15λMethone − 14λMimas − $Mimas - Anthe (10/11) : c = 11λAnthe − 10λMimas − $Mimas Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Corotation resonances Mean motion resonance : n1 = m+q n2 m Particular case : Lagrangian Equilibrium Points Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Adam's ring and Galatea Maryame
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L RES~ARCH Coljncll ·
NA~IOf\i'At ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE AND ENGiNEERING 7 ·.· ·.·. : NATIONAL RES~ARCH ColJNCll · of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNITED• STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEEI . International Union of Radio Sden<:e Nationa.1 Radio Science Meeting 13-15 January 1982 · f l··.. ·· Sponsored by USNC/URSI in cooperation with r Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers University of· Colorado Boulder, Colorado U.S.A. ~· 1' National Radio Science Meeting 13-15 January 19 82 Condensed Technical Program TUESDAY, 12 JANUARY 0900 CCIR U.S. Study Group 5 OT 8-8 CCIR U.S. Study ,Gr.oup 6 Radio Building 2000-2400 USNC/URSI Meeting Broker Inn WEDNESDAY, 13 JANUARY 0900-1200 A-1 Time Domai~ 1-ieasurements CRl-42 B-1 Scattering CR2-28 B-2 Electromagnetic Theory CR2-28 C-1 Topics in Information Theory CR0-30 F-1 Propagation Theory and Models CR2-26 J-1 Millimeter-Wave Astronomy UMC Ballroom 1330-1700 A-2 Microwave/Millimeter Wave Measurements CRl-42 B-3 Antenna Theory and Practice CR2-28 B-4 Inverse Scattering CR2-6 C-2 Digital HF: Equaltz ation and Reiated CR0-30 Techniques E-1 EM Noise in the Sea CRl-40 F-2 Ground-Based Remote Sensing CR2-26 H-1 VLF-ELF Wave Injection Into the CRl-46 Magnetosphere J-2 Very Long Baseline Interferometry UMC 157 1700 Commission A Business Meeting CRl-42 Commission C Business Meeting CR0-30 Commission E Business Meeting CRl-40 Commission F Business Meeting CR2-26 Commission H Business Meeting CRl-46 1800-2000 Reception Engineering Center 2000-2200 IEEE Wave Propagation Standards Committee CRl-46 TH.URSDAY, 14 JANUARY 0830-1200 A-3
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JUICE Red Book
ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat.
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Astrometric Positions for 18 Irregular Satellites of Giant Planets from 23
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. Irregulares c ESO 2018 October 20, 2018 Astrometric positions for 18 irregular satellites of giant planets from 23 years of observations,⋆,⋆⋆,⋆⋆⋆,⋆⋆⋆⋆ A. R. Gomes-Júnior1, M. Assaﬁn1,†, R. Vieira-Martins1, 2, 3,‡, J.-E. Arlot4, J. I. B. Camargo2, 3, F. Braga-Ribas2, 5,D.N. da Silva Neto6, A. H. Andrei1, 2,§, A. Dias-Oliveira2, B. E. Morgado1, G. Benedetti-Rossi2, Y. Duchemin4, 7, J. Desmars4, V. Lainey4, W. Thuillot4 1 Observatório do Valongo/UFRJ, Ladeira Pedro Antônio 43, CEP 20.080-090 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] 2 Observatório Nacional/MCT, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] 3 Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil 4 Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides - Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8028 du CNRS, 77 Av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France e-mail: [email protected] 5 Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR / DAFIS), Rua Sete de Setembro, 3165, CEP 80230-901, Curitiba, PR, Brazil 6 Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Av. Manual Caldeira de Alvarenga 1203, CEP 23.070-200 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil 7 ESIGELEC-IRSEEM, Technopôle du Madrillet, Avenue Galilée, 76801 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France Received: Abr 08, 2015; accepted: May 06, 2015 ABSTRACT Context. The irregular satellites of the giant planets are believed to have been captured during the evolution of the solar system. Knowing their physical parameters, such as size, density, and albedo is important for constraining where they came from and how they were captured.
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The Prose Edda
THE PROSE EDDA SNORRI STURLUSON (1179–1241) was born in western Iceland, the son of an upstart Icelandic chieftain. In the early thirteenth century, Snorri rose to become Iceland’s richest and, for a time, its most powerful leader. Twice he was elected law-speaker at the Althing, Iceland’s national assembly, and twice he went abroad to visit Norwegian royalty. An ambitious and sometimes ruthless leader, Snorri was also a man of learning, with deep interests in the myth, poetry and history of the Viking Age. He has long been assumed to be the author of some of medieval Iceland’s greatest works, including the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, the latter a saga history of the kings of Norway. JESSE BYOCK is Professor of Old Norse and Medieval Scandinavian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Professor at UCLA’s Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. A specialist in North Atlantic and Viking Studies, he directs the Mosfell Archaeological Project in Iceland. Prof. Byock received his Ph.D. from Harvard University after studying in Iceland, Sweden and France. His books and translations include Viking Age Iceland, Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power, Feud in the Icelandic Saga, The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki and The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer. SNORRI STURLUSON The Prose Edda Norse Mythology Translated with an Introduction and Notes by JESSE L. BYOCK PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN CLASSICS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc.,
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The Effect of Jupiter\'S Mass Growth on Satellite Capture
A&A 414, 727–734 (2004) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20031645 & c ESO 2004 Astrophysics The effect of Jupiter’s mass growth on satellite capture Retrograde case E. Vieira Neto1;?,O.C.Winter1, and T. Yokoyama2 1 Grupo de Dinâmica Orbital & Planetologia, UNESP, CP 205 CEP 12.516-410 Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, IGCE, DEMAC, CP 178 CEP 13.500-970 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] Received 13 June 2003 / Accepted 12 September 2003 Abstract. Gravitational capture can be used to explain the existence of the irregular satellites of giants planets. However, it is only the first step since the gravitational capture is temporary. Therefore, some kind of non-conservative effect is necessary to to turn the temporary capture into a permanent one. In the present work we study the effects of Jupiter mass growth for the permanent capture of retrograde satellites. An analysis of the zero velocity curves at the Lagrangian point L1 indicates that mass accretion provides an increase of the confinement region (delimited by the zero velocity curve, where particles cannot escape from the planet) favoring permanent captures. Adopting the restricted three-body problem, Sun-Jupiter-Particle, we performed numerical simulations backward in time considering the decrease of M . We considered initial conditions of the particles to be retrograde, at pericenter, in the region 100 R a 400 R and 0 e 0:5. The results give Jupiter’s mass at the X moment when the particle escapes from the planet.
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